449 * unknown.)
450 * @return a reference to this {@code Throwable} instance.
451 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code cause} is this
452 * throwable. (A throwable cannot be its own cause.)
453 * @throws IllegalStateException if this throwable was
454 * created with {@link #Throwable(Throwable)} or
455 * {@link #Throwable(String,Throwable)}, or this method has already
456 * been called on this throwable.
457 * @since 1.4
458 */
459 public synchronized Throwable initCause(Throwable cause) {
460 if (this.cause != this)
461 throw new IllegalStateException("Can't overwrite cause with " +
462 Objects.toString(cause, "a null"), this);
463 if (cause == this)
464 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Self-causation not permitted", this);
465 this.cause = cause;
466 return this;
467 }
468
469 /**
470 * Returns a short description of this throwable.
471 * The result is the concatenation of:
472 * <ul>
473 * <li> the {@linkplain Class#getName() name} of the class of this object
474 * <li> ": " (a colon and a space)
475 * <li> the result of invoking this object's {@link #getLocalizedMessage}
476 * method
477 * </ul>
478 * If {@code getLocalizedMessage} returns {@code null}, then just
479 * the class name is returned.
480 *
481 * @return a string representation of this throwable.
482 */
483 public String toString() {
484 String s = getClass().getName();
485 String message = getLocalizedMessage();
486 return (message != null) ? (s + ": " + message) : s;
487 }
488
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449 * unknown.)
450 * @return a reference to this {@code Throwable} instance.
451 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code cause} is this
452 * throwable. (A throwable cannot be its own cause.)
453 * @throws IllegalStateException if this throwable was
454 * created with {@link #Throwable(Throwable)} or
455 * {@link #Throwable(String,Throwable)}, or this method has already
456 * been called on this throwable.
457 * @since 1.4
458 */
459 public synchronized Throwable initCause(Throwable cause) {
460 if (this.cause != this)
461 throw new IllegalStateException("Can't overwrite cause with " +
462 Objects.toString(cause, "a null"), this);
463 if (cause == this)
464 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Self-causation not permitted", this);
465 this.cause = cause;
466 return this;
467 }
468
469 /*
470 * This is called by readObject of a few exceptions such as
471 * ClassNotFoundException and ExceptionInInitializerError to deserialize
472 * a stream output from an older runtime version where the cause may
473 * have set to null.
474 */
475 void setCause(Throwable t) {
476 this.cause = t;
477 }
478
479 /**
480 * Returns a short description of this throwable.
481 * The result is the concatenation of:
482 * <ul>
483 * <li> the {@linkplain Class#getName() name} of the class of this object
484 * <li> ": " (a colon and a space)
485 * <li> the result of invoking this object's {@link #getLocalizedMessage}
486 * method
487 * </ul>
488 * If {@code getLocalizedMessage} returns {@code null}, then just
489 * the class name is returned.
490 *
491 * @return a string representation of this throwable.
492 */
493 public String toString() {
494 String s = getClass().getName();
495 String message = getLocalizedMessage();
496 return (message != null) ? (s + ": " + message) : s;
497 }
498
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