1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "precompiled.hpp"
  26 #include "classfile/classLoader.hpp"
  27 #include "classfile/classLoaderData.hpp"
  28 #include "classfile/javaClasses.hpp"
  29 #include "classfile/stringTable.hpp"
  30 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
  31 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
  32 #include "code/codeCache.hpp"
  33 #include "code/dependencies.hpp"
  34 #include "gc/shared/cardTableModRefBS.hpp"
  35 #include "gc/shared/collectedHeap.inline.hpp"
  36 #include "gc/shared/gcLocker.inline.hpp"
  37 #include "gc/shared/genCollectedHeap.hpp"
  38 #include "gc/shared/generation.hpp"
  39 #include "gc/shared/space.hpp"
  40 #include "interpreter/interpreter.hpp"
  41 #include "memory/filemap.hpp"
  42 #include "memory/metadataFactory.hpp"
  43 #include "memory/metaspaceShared.hpp"
  44 #include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"
  45 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
  46 #include "memory/universe.inline.hpp"
  47 #include "oops/constantPool.hpp"
  48 #include "oops/instanceClassLoaderKlass.hpp"
  49 #include "oops/instanceKlass.hpp"
  50 #include "oops/instanceMirrorKlass.hpp"
  51 #include "oops/instanceRefKlass.hpp"
  52 #include "oops/objArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  53 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  54 #include "oops/typeArrayKlass.hpp"
  55 #include "prims/jvmtiRedefineClassesTrace.hpp"
  56 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
  57 #include "runtime/atomic.inline.hpp"
  58 #include "runtime/commandLineFlagConstraintList.hpp"
  59 #include "runtime/deoptimization.hpp"
  60 #include "runtime/fprofiler.hpp"
  61 #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
  62 #include "runtime/init.hpp"
  63 #include "runtime/java.hpp"
  64 #include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"
  65 #include "runtime/sharedRuntime.hpp"
  66 #include "runtime/synchronizer.hpp"
  67 #include "runtime/thread.inline.hpp"
  68 #include "runtime/timer.hpp"
  69 #include "runtime/vm_operations.hpp"
  70 #include "services/memoryService.hpp"
  71 #include "utilities/copy.hpp"
  72 #include "utilities/events.hpp"
  73 #include "utilities/hashtable.inline.hpp"
  74 #include "utilities/macros.hpp"
  75 #include "utilities/preserveException.hpp"
  76 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
  77 #include "gc/cms/cmsCollectorPolicy.hpp"
  78 #include "gc/g1/g1CollectedHeap.inline.hpp"
  79 #include "gc/g1/g1CollectorPolicy.hpp"
  80 #include "gc/parallel/parallelScavengeHeap.hpp"
  81 #include "gc/shared/adaptiveSizePolicy.hpp"
  82 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
  83 #if INCLUDE_CDS
  84 #include "classfile/sharedClassUtil.hpp"
  85 #endif
  86 
  87 // Known objects
  88 Klass* Universe::_boolArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;
  89 Klass* Universe::_byteArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;
  90 Klass* Universe::_charArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;
  91 Klass* Universe::_intArrayKlassObj                  = NULL;
  92 Klass* Universe::_shortArrayKlassObj                = NULL;
  93 Klass* Universe::_longArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;
  94 Klass* Universe::_singleArrayKlassObj               = NULL;
  95 Klass* Universe::_doubleArrayKlassObj               = NULL;
  96 Klass* Universe::_typeArrayKlassObjs[T_VOID+1]      = { NULL /*, NULL...*/ };
  97 Klass* Universe::_objectArrayKlassObj               = NULL;
  98 oop Universe::_int_mirror                             = NULL;
  99 oop Universe::_float_mirror                           = NULL;
 100 oop Universe::_double_mirror                          = NULL;
 101 oop Universe::_byte_mirror                            = NULL;
 102 oop Universe::_bool_mirror                            = NULL;
 103 oop Universe::_char_mirror                            = NULL;
 104 oop Universe::_long_mirror                            = NULL;
 105 oop Universe::_short_mirror                           = NULL;
 106 oop Universe::_void_mirror                            = NULL;
 107 oop Universe::_mirrors[T_VOID+1]                      = { NULL /*, NULL...*/ };
 108 oop Universe::_main_thread_group                      = NULL;
 109 oop Universe::_system_thread_group                    = NULL;
 110 objArrayOop Universe::_the_empty_class_klass_array    = NULL;
 111 Array<Klass*>* Universe::_the_array_interfaces_array = NULL;
 112 oop Universe::_the_null_string                        = NULL;
 113 oop Universe::_the_min_jint_string                   = NULL;
 114 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_finalizer_register_cache = NULL;
 115 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_loader_addClass_cache    = NULL;
 116 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_pd_implies_cache         = NULL;
 117 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_throw_illegal_access_error_cache = NULL;
 118 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_stackWalker_callback_cache = NULL;
 119 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap          = NULL;
 120 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace          = NULL;
 121 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace    = NULL;
 122 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size         = NULL;
 123 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit  = NULL;
 124 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects    = NULL;
 125 objArrayOop Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array = NULL;
 126 volatile jint Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count = 0;
 127 bool Universe::_verify_in_progress                    = false;
 128 oop Universe::_null_ptr_exception_instance            = NULL;
 129 oop Universe::_arithmetic_exception_instance          = NULL;
 130 oop Universe::_virtual_machine_error_instance         = NULL;
 131 oop Universe::_vm_exception                           = NULL;
 132 oop Universe::_allocation_context_notification_obj    = NULL;
 133 
 134 Array<int>* Universe::_the_empty_int_array            = NULL;
 135 Array<u2>* Universe::_the_empty_short_array           = NULL;
 136 Array<Klass*>* Universe::_the_empty_klass_array     = NULL;
 137 Array<Method*>* Universe::_the_empty_method_array   = NULL;
 138 
 139 // These variables are guarded by FullGCALot_lock.
 140 debug_only(objArrayOop Universe::_fullgc_alot_dummy_array = NULL;)
 141 debug_only(int Universe::_fullgc_alot_dummy_next      = 0;)
 142 
 143 // Heap
 144 int             Universe::_verify_count = 0;
 145 
 146 // Oop verification (see MacroAssembler::verify_oop)
 147 uintptr_t       Universe::_verify_oop_mask = 0;
 148 uintptr_t       Universe::_verify_oop_bits = (uintptr_t) -1;
 149 
 150 int             Universe::_base_vtable_size = 0;
 151 bool            Universe::_bootstrapping = false;
 152 bool            Universe::_fully_initialized = false;
 153 
 154 size_t          Universe::_heap_capacity_at_last_gc;
 155 size_t          Universe::_heap_used_at_last_gc = 0;
 156 
 157 CollectedHeap*  Universe::_collectedHeap = NULL;
 158 
 159 NarrowPtrStruct Universe::_narrow_oop = { NULL, 0, true };
 160 NarrowPtrStruct Universe::_narrow_klass = { NULL, 0, true };
 161 address Universe::_narrow_ptrs_base;
 162 
 163 void Universe::basic_type_classes_do(void f(Klass*)) {
 164   f(boolArrayKlassObj());
 165   f(byteArrayKlassObj());
 166   f(charArrayKlassObj());
 167   f(intArrayKlassObj());
 168   f(shortArrayKlassObj());
 169   f(longArrayKlassObj());
 170   f(singleArrayKlassObj());
 171   f(doubleArrayKlassObj());
 172 }
 173 
 174 void Universe::oops_do(OopClosure* f, bool do_all) {
 175 
 176   f->do_oop((oop*) &_int_mirror);
 177   f->do_oop((oop*) &_float_mirror);
 178   f->do_oop((oop*) &_double_mirror);
 179   f->do_oop((oop*) &_byte_mirror);
 180   f->do_oop((oop*) &_bool_mirror);
 181   f->do_oop((oop*) &_char_mirror);
 182   f->do_oop((oop*) &_long_mirror);
 183   f->do_oop((oop*) &_short_mirror);
 184   f->do_oop((oop*) &_void_mirror);
 185 
 186   for (int i = T_BOOLEAN; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
 187     f->do_oop((oop*) &_mirrors[i]);
 188   }
 189   assert(_mirrors[0] == NULL && _mirrors[T_BOOLEAN - 1] == NULL, "checking");
 190 
 191   f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_empty_class_klass_array);
 192   f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_null_string);
 193   f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_min_jint_string);
 194   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_java_heap);
 195   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_metaspace);
 196   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace);
 197   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_array_size);
 198   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit);
 199   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects);
 200     f->do_oop((oop*)&_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array);
 201   f->do_oop((oop*)&_null_ptr_exception_instance);
 202   f->do_oop((oop*)&_arithmetic_exception_instance);
 203   f->do_oop((oop*)&_virtual_machine_error_instance);
 204   f->do_oop((oop*)&_main_thread_group);
 205   f->do_oop((oop*)&_system_thread_group);
 206   f->do_oop((oop*)&_vm_exception);
 207   f->do_oop((oop*)&_allocation_context_notification_obj);
 208   debug_only(f->do_oop((oop*)&_fullgc_alot_dummy_array);)
 209 }
 210 
 211 // Serialize metadata in and out of CDS archive, not oops.
 212 void Universe::serialize(SerializeClosure* f, bool do_all) {
 213 
 214   f->do_ptr((void**)&_boolArrayKlassObj);
 215   f->do_ptr((void**)&_byteArrayKlassObj);
 216   f->do_ptr((void**)&_charArrayKlassObj);
 217   f->do_ptr((void**)&_intArrayKlassObj);
 218   f->do_ptr((void**)&_shortArrayKlassObj);
 219   f->do_ptr((void**)&_longArrayKlassObj);
 220   f->do_ptr((void**)&_singleArrayKlassObj);
 221   f->do_ptr((void**)&_doubleArrayKlassObj);
 222   f->do_ptr((void**)&_objectArrayKlassObj);
 223 
 224   {
 225     for (int i = 0; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
 226       if (_typeArrayKlassObjs[i] != NULL) {
 227         assert(i >= T_BOOLEAN, "checking");
 228         f->do_ptr((void**)&_typeArrayKlassObjs[i]);
 229       } else if (do_all) {
 230         f->do_ptr((void**)&_typeArrayKlassObjs[i]);
 231       }
 232     }
 233   }
 234 
 235   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_array_interfaces_array);
 236   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_int_array);
 237   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_short_array);
 238   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_method_array);
 239   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_klass_array);
 240   _finalizer_register_cache->serialize(f);
 241   _loader_addClass_cache->serialize(f);
 242   _pd_implies_cache->serialize(f);
 243   _throw_illegal_access_error_cache->serialize(f);
 244   _stackWalker_callback_cache->serialize(f);
 245 }
 246 
 247 void Universe::check_alignment(uintx size, uintx alignment, const char* name) {
 248   if (size < alignment || size % alignment != 0) {
 249     vm_exit_during_initialization(
 250       err_msg("Size of %s (" UINTX_FORMAT " bytes) must be aligned to " UINTX_FORMAT " bytes", name, size, alignment));
 251   }
 252 }
 253 
 254 void initialize_basic_type_klass(Klass* k, TRAPS) {
 255   Klass* ok = SystemDictionary::Object_klass();
 256   if (UseSharedSpaces) {
 257     ClassLoaderData* loader_data = ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data();
 258     assert(k->super() == ok, "u3");
 259     k->restore_unshareable_info(loader_data, Handle(), CHECK);
 260   } else {
 261     k->initialize_supers(ok, CHECK);
 262   }
 263   k->append_to_sibling_list();
 264 }
 265 
 266 void Universe::genesis(TRAPS) {
 267   ResourceMark rm;
 268 
 269   { FlagSetting fs(_bootstrapping, true);
 270 
 271     { MutexLocker mc(Compile_lock);
 272 
 273       // determine base vtable size; without that we cannot create the array klasses
 274       compute_base_vtable_size();
 275 
 276       if (!UseSharedSpaces) {
 277         _boolArrayKlassObj      = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_BOOLEAN, sizeof(jboolean), CHECK);
 278         _charArrayKlassObj      = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_CHAR,    sizeof(jchar),    CHECK);
 279         _singleArrayKlassObj    = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_FLOAT,   sizeof(jfloat),   CHECK);
 280         _doubleArrayKlassObj    = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_DOUBLE,  sizeof(jdouble),  CHECK);
 281         _byteArrayKlassObj      = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_BYTE,    sizeof(jbyte),    CHECK);
 282         _shortArrayKlassObj     = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_SHORT,   sizeof(jshort),   CHECK);
 283         _intArrayKlassObj       = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_INT,     sizeof(jint),     CHECK);
 284         _longArrayKlassObj      = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_LONG,    sizeof(jlong),    CHECK);
 285 
 286         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_BOOLEAN] = _boolArrayKlassObj;
 287         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_CHAR]    = _charArrayKlassObj;
 288         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_FLOAT]   = _singleArrayKlassObj;
 289         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_DOUBLE]  = _doubleArrayKlassObj;
 290         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_BYTE]    = _byteArrayKlassObj;
 291         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_SHORT]   = _shortArrayKlassObj;
 292         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_INT]     = _intArrayKlassObj;
 293         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_LONG]    = _longArrayKlassObj;
 294 
 295         ClassLoaderData* null_cld = ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data();
 296 
 297         _the_array_interfaces_array = MetadataFactory::new_array<Klass*>(null_cld, 2, NULL, CHECK);
 298         _the_empty_int_array        = MetadataFactory::new_array<int>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 299         _the_empty_short_array      = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 300         _the_empty_method_array     = MetadataFactory::new_array<Method*>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 301         _the_empty_klass_array      = MetadataFactory::new_array<Klass*>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 302       }
 303     }
 304 
 305     vmSymbols::initialize(CHECK);
 306 
 307     SystemDictionary::initialize(CHECK);
 308 
 309     Klass* ok = SystemDictionary::Object_klass();
 310 
 311     _the_null_string            = StringTable::intern("null", CHECK);
 312     _the_min_jint_string       = StringTable::intern("-2147483648", CHECK);
 313 
 314     if (UseSharedSpaces) {
 315       // Verify shared interfaces array.
 316       assert(_the_array_interfaces_array->at(0) ==
 317              SystemDictionary::Cloneable_klass(), "u3");
 318       assert(_the_array_interfaces_array->at(1) ==
 319              SystemDictionary::Serializable_klass(), "u3");
 320       MetaspaceShared::fixup_shared_string_regions();
 321     } else {
 322       // Set up shared interfaces array.  (Do this before supers are set up.)
 323       _the_array_interfaces_array->at_put(0, SystemDictionary::Cloneable_klass());
 324       _the_array_interfaces_array->at_put(1, SystemDictionary::Serializable_klass());
 325     }
 326 
 327     initialize_basic_type_klass(boolArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 328     initialize_basic_type_klass(charArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 329     initialize_basic_type_klass(singleArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 330     initialize_basic_type_klass(doubleArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 331     initialize_basic_type_klass(byteArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 332     initialize_basic_type_klass(shortArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 333     initialize_basic_type_klass(intArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 334     initialize_basic_type_klass(longArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 335   } // end of core bootstrapping
 336 
 337   // Maybe this could be lifted up now that object array can be initialized
 338   // during the bootstrapping.
 339 
 340   // OLD
 341   // Initialize _objectArrayKlass after core bootstraping to make
 342   // sure the super class is set up properly for _objectArrayKlass.
 343   // ---
 344   // NEW
 345   // Since some of the old system object arrays have been converted to
 346   // ordinary object arrays, _objectArrayKlass will be loaded when
 347   // SystemDictionary::initialize(CHECK); is run. See the extra check
 348   // for Object_klass_loaded in objArrayKlassKlass::allocate_objArray_klass_impl.
 349   _objectArrayKlassObj = InstanceKlass::
 350     cast(SystemDictionary::Object_klass())->array_klass(1, CHECK);
 351   // OLD
 352   // Add the class to the class hierarchy manually to make sure that
 353   // its vtable is initialized after core bootstrapping is completed.
 354   // ---
 355   // New
 356   // Have already been initialized.
 357   _objectArrayKlassObj->append_to_sibling_list();
 358 
 359   // Compute is_jdk version flags.
 360   // Only 1.3 or later has the java.lang.Shutdown class.
 361   // Only 1.4 or later has the java.lang.CharSequence interface.
 362   // Only 1.5 or later has the java.lang.management.MemoryUsage class.
 363   if (JDK_Version::is_partially_initialized()) {
 364     uint8_t jdk_version;
 365     Klass* k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_null(
 366         vmSymbols::java_lang_management_MemoryUsage(), THREAD);
 367     CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION; // ignore exceptions
 368     if (k == NULL) {
 369       k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_null(
 370           vmSymbols::java_lang_CharSequence(), THREAD);
 371       CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION; // ignore exceptions
 372       if (k == NULL) {
 373         k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_null(
 374             vmSymbols::java_lang_Shutdown(), THREAD);
 375         CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION; // ignore exceptions
 376         if (k == NULL) {
 377           jdk_version = 2;
 378         } else {
 379           jdk_version = 3;
 380         }
 381       } else {
 382         jdk_version = 4;
 383       }
 384     } else {
 385       jdk_version = 5;
 386     }
 387     JDK_Version::fully_initialize(jdk_version);
 388   }
 389 
 390   #ifdef ASSERT
 391   if (FullGCALot) {
 392     // Allocate an array of dummy objects.
 393     // We'd like these to be at the bottom of the old generation,
 394     // so that when we free one and then collect,
 395     // (almost) the whole heap moves
 396     // and we find out if we actually update all the oops correctly.
 397     // But we can't allocate directly in the old generation,
 398     // so we allocate wherever, and hope that the first collection
 399     // moves these objects to the bottom of the old generation.
 400     // We can allocate directly in the permanent generation, so we do.
 401     int size;
 402     if (UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
 403       warning("Using +FullGCALot with concurrent mark sweep gc "
 404               "will not force all objects to relocate");
 405       size = FullGCALotDummies;
 406     } else {
 407       size = FullGCALotDummies * 2;
 408     }
 409     objArrayOop    naked_array = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Object_klass(), size, CHECK);
 410     objArrayHandle dummy_array(THREAD, naked_array);
 411     int i = 0;
 412     while (i < size) {
 413         // Allocate dummy in old generation
 414       oop dummy = SystemDictionary::Object_klass()->allocate_instance(CHECK);
 415       dummy_array->obj_at_put(i++, dummy);
 416     }
 417     {
 418       // Only modify the global variable inside the mutex.
 419       // If we had a race to here, the other dummy_array instances
 420       // and their elements just get dropped on the floor, which is fine.
 421       MutexLocker ml(FullGCALot_lock);
 422       if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_array == NULL) {
 423         _fullgc_alot_dummy_array = dummy_array();
 424       }
 425     }
 426     assert(i == _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->length(), "just checking");
 427   }
 428   #endif
 429 
 430   // Initialize dependency array for null class loader
 431   ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data()->init_dependencies(CHECK);
 432 
 433 }
 434 
 435 // CDS support for patching vtables in metadata in the shared archive.
 436 // All types inherited from Metadata have vtables, but not types inherited
 437 // from MetaspaceObj, because the latter does not have virtual functions.
 438 // If the metadata type has a vtable, it cannot be shared in the read-only
 439 // section of the CDS archive, because the vtable pointer is patched.
 440 static inline void add_vtable(void** list, int* n, void* o, int count) {
 441   guarantee((*n) < count, "vtable list too small");
 442   void* vtable = dereference_vptr(o);
 443   assert(*(void**)(vtable) != NULL, "invalid vtable");
 444   list[(*n)++] = vtable;
 445 }
 446 
 447 void Universe::init_self_patching_vtbl_list(void** list, int count) {
 448   int n = 0;
 449   { InstanceKlass o;          add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
 450   { InstanceClassLoaderKlass o; add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
 451   { InstanceMirrorKlass o;    add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
 452   { InstanceRefKlass o;       add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
 453   { TypeArrayKlass o;         add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
 454   { ObjArrayKlass o;          add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
 455   { Method o;                 add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
 456   { ConstantPool o;           add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
 457 }
 458 
 459 void Universe::initialize_basic_type_mirrors(TRAPS) {
 460     assert(_int_mirror==NULL, "basic type mirrors already initialized");
 461     _int_mirror     =
 462       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("int",    T_INT, CHECK);
 463     _float_mirror   =
 464       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("float",  T_FLOAT,   CHECK);
 465     _double_mirror  =
 466       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("double", T_DOUBLE,  CHECK);
 467     _byte_mirror    =
 468       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("byte",   T_BYTE, CHECK);
 469     _bool_mirror    =
 470       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("boolean",T_BOOLEAN, CHECK);
 471     _char_mirror    =
 472       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("char",   T_CHAR, CHECK);
 473     _long_mirror    =
 474       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("long",   T_LONG, CHECK);
 475     _short_mirror   =
 476       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("short",  T_SHORT,   CHECK);
 477     _void_mirror    =
 478       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("void",   T_VOID, CHECK);
 479 
 480     _mirrors[T_INT]     = _int_mirror;
 481     _mirrors[T_FLOAT]   = _float_mirror;
 482     _mirrors[T_DOUBLE]  = _double_mirror;
 483     _mirrors[T_BYTE]    = _byte_mirror;
 484     _mirrors[T_BOOLEAN] = _bool_mirror;
 485     _mirrors[T_CHAR]    = _char_mirror;
 486     _mirrors[T_LONG]    = _long_mirror;
 487     _mirrors[T_SHORT]   = _short_mirror;
 488     _mirrors[T_VOID]    = _void_mirror;
 489   //_mirrors[T_OBJECT]  = _object_klass->java_mirror();
 490   //_mirrors[T_ARRAY]   = _object_klass->java_mirror();
 491 }
 492 
 493 void Universe::fixup_mirrors(TRAPS) {
 494   // Bootstrap problem: all classes gets a mirror (java.lang.Class instance) assigned eagerly,
 495   // but we cannot do that for classes created before java.lang.Class is loaded. Here we simply
 496   // walk over permanent objects created so far (mostly classes) and fixup their mirrors. Note
 497   // that the number of objects allocated at this point is very small.
 498   assert(SystemDictionary::Class_klass_loaded(), "java.lang.Class should be loaded");
 499   HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 500   // Cache the start of the static fields
 501   InstanceMirrorKlass::init_offset_of_static_fields();
 502 
 503   GrowableArray <Klass*>* list = java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror_list();
 504   int list_length = list->length();
 505   for (int i = 0; i < list_length; i++) {
 506     Klass* k = list->at(i);
 507     assert(k->is_klass(), "List should only hold classes");
 508     EXCEPTION_MARK;
 509     KlassHandle kh(THREAD, k);
 510     java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror(kh, CATCH);
 511 }
 512   delete java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror_list();
 513   java_lang_Class::set_fixup_mirror_list(NULL);
 514 }
 515 
 516 static bool has_run_finalizers_on_exit = false;
 517 
 518 void Universe::run_finalizers_on_exit() {
 519   if (has_run_finalizers_on_exit) return;
 520   has_run_finalizers_on_exit = true;
 521 
 522   // Called on VM exit. This ought to be run in a separate thread.
 523   if (TraceReferenceGC) tty->print_cr("Callback to run finalizers on exit");
 524   {
 525     PRESERVE_EXCEPTION_MARK;
 526     KlassHandle finalizer_klass(THREAD, SystemDictionary::Finalizer_klass());
 527     JavaValue result(T_VOID);
 528     JavaCalls::call_static(
 529       &result,
 530       finalizer_klass,
 531       vmSymbols::run_finalizers_on_exit_name(),
 532       vmSymbols::void_method_signature(),
 533       THREAD
 534     );
 535     // Ignore any pending exceptions
 536     CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
 537   }
 538 }
 539 
 540 
 541 // initialize_vtable could cause gc if
 542 // 1) we specified true to initialize_vtable and
 543 // 2) this ran after gc was enabled
 544 // In case those ever change we use handles for oops
 545 void Universe::reinitialize_vtable_of(KlassHandle k_h, TRAPS) {
 546   // init vtable of k and all subclasses
 547   Klass* ko = k_h();
 548   klassVtable* vt = ko->vtable();
 549   if (vt) vt->initialize_vtable(false, CHECK);
 550   if (ko->is_instance_klass()) {
 551     for (KlassHandle s_h(THREAD, ko->subklass());
 552          s_h() != NULL;
 553          s_h = KlassHandle(THREAD, s_h()->next_sibling())) {
 554       reinitialize_vtable_of(s_h, CHECK);
 555     }
 556   }
 557 }
 558 
 559 
 560 void initialize_itable_for_klass(Klass* k, TRAPS) {
 561   InstanceKlass::cast(k)->itable()->initialize_itable(false, CHECK);
 562 }
 563 
 564 
 565 void Universe::reinitialize_itables(TRAPS) {
 566   SystemDictionary::classes_do(initialize_itable_for_klass, CHECK);
 567 
 568 }
 569 
 570 
 571 bool Universe::on_page_boundary(void* addr) {
 572   return ((uintptr_t) addr) % os::vm_page_size() == 0;
 573 }
 574 
 575 
 576 bool Universe::should_fill_in_stack_trace(Handle throwable) {
 577   // never attempt to fill in the stack trace of preallocated errors that do not have
 578   // backtrace. These errors are kept alive forever and may be "re-used" when all
 579   // preallocated errors with backtrace have been consumed. Also need to avoid
 580   // a potential loop which could happen if an out of memory occurs when attempting
 581   // to allocate the backtrace.
 582   return ((throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap) &&
 583           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace)  &&
 584           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace)  &&
 585           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size) &&
 586           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit) &&
 587           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects));
 588 }
 589 
 590 
 591 oop Universe::gen_out_of_memory_error(oop default_err) {
 592   // generate an out of memory error:
 593   // - if there is a preallocated error with backtrace available then return it wth
 594   //   a filled in stack trace.
 595   // - if there are no preallocated errors with backtrace available then return
 596   //   an error without backtrace.
 597   int next;
 598   if (_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count > 0) {
 599     next = (int)Atomic::add(-1, &_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count);
 600     assert(next < (int)PreallocatedOutOfMemoryErrorCount, "avail count is corrupt");
 601   } else {
 602     next = -1;
 603   }
 604   if (next < 0) {
 605     // all preallocated errors have been used.
 606     // return default
 607     return default_err;
 608   } else {
 609     // get the error object at the slot and set set it to NULL so that the
 610     // array isn't keeping it alive anymore.
 611     oop exc = preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at(next);
 612     assert(exc != NULL, "slot has been used already");
 613     preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at_put(next, NULL);
 614 
 615     // use the message from the default error
 616     oop msg = java_lang_Throwable::message(default_err);
 617     assert(msg != NULL, "no message");
 618     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(exc, msg);
 619 
 620     // populate the stack trace and return it.
 621     java_lang_Throwable::fill_in_stack_trace_of_preallocated_backtrace(exc);
 622     return exc;
 623   }
 624 }
 625 
 626 intptr_t Universe::_non_oop_bits = 0;
 627 
 628 void* Universe::non_oop_word() {
 629   // Neither the high bits nor the low bits of this value is allowed
 630   // to look like (respectively) the high or low bits of a real oop.
 631   //
 632   // High and low are CPU-specific notions, but low always includes
 633   // the low-order bit.  Since oops are always aligned at least mod 4,
 634   // setting the low-order bit will ensure that the low half of the
 635   // word will never look like that of a real oop.
 636   //
 637   // Using the OS-supplied non-memory-address word (usually 0 or -1)
 638   // will take care of the high bits, however many there are.
 639 
 640   if (_non_oop_bits == 0) {
 641     _non_oop_bits = (intptr_t)os::non_memory_address_word() | 1;
 642   }
 643 
 644   return (void*)_non_oop_bits;
 645 }
 646 
 647 jint universe_init() {
 648   assert(!Universe::_fully_initialized, "called after initialize_vtables");
 649   guarantee(1 << LogHeapWordSize == sizeof(HeapWord),
 650          "LogHeapWordSize is incorrect.");
 651   guarantee(sizeof(oop) >= sizeof(HeapWord), "HeapWord larger than oop?");
 652   guarantee(sizeof(oop) % sizeof(HeapWord) == 0,
 653             "oop size is not not a multiple of HeapWord size");
 654   TraceTime timer("Genesis", TraceStartupTime);
 655   JavaClasses::compute_hard_coded_offsets();
 656 
 657   jint status = Universe::initialize_heap();
 658   if (status != JNI_OK) {
 659     return status;
 660   }
 661 
 662   Metaspace::global_initialize();
 663 
 664   // Checks 'AfterMemoryInit' constraints.
 665   if (!CommandLineFlagConstraintList::check_constraints(CommandLineFlagConstraint::AfterMemoryInit)) {
 666     return JNI_EINVAL;
 667   }
 668 
 669   // Create memory for metadata.  Must be after initializing heap for
 670   // DumpSharedSpaces.
 671   ClassLoaderData::init_null_class_loader_data();
 672 
 673   // We have a heap so create the Method* caches before
 674   // Metaspace::initialize_shared_spaces() tries to populate them.
 675   Universe::_finalizer_register_cache = new LatestMethodCache();
 676   Universe::_loader_addClass_cache    = new LatestMethodCache();
 677   Universe::_pd_implies_cache         = new LatestMethodCache();
 678   Universe::_throw_illegal_access_error_cache = new LatestMethodCache();
 679   Universe::_stackWalker_callback_cache = new LatestMethodCache();
 680 
 681   if (UseSharedSpaces) {
 682     // Read the data structures supporting the shared spaces (shared
 683     // system dictionary, symbol table, etc.).  After that, access to
 684     // the file (other than the mapped regions) is no longer needed, and
 685     // the file is closed. Closing the file does not affect the
 686     // currently mapped regions.
 687     MetaspaceShared::initialize_shared_spaces();
 688     StringTable::create_table();
 689   } else {
 690     SymbolTable::create_table();
 691     StringTable::create_table();
 692     ClassLoader::create_package_info_table();
 693 
 694     if (DumpSharedSpaces) {
 695       MetaspaceShared::prepare_for_dumping();
 696     }
 697   }
 698 
 699   return JNI_OK;
 700 }
 701 
 702 CollectedHeap* Universe::create_heap() {
 703   assert(_collectedHeap == NULL, "Heap already created");
 704 #if !INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
 705   if (UseParallelGC) {
 706     fatal("UseParallelGC not supported in this VM.");
 707   } else if (UseG1GC) {
 708     fatal("UseG1GC not supported in this VM.");
 709   } else if (UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
 710     fatal("UseConcMarkSweepGC not supported in this VM.");
 711 #else
 712   if (UseParallelGC) {
 713     return Universe::create_heap_with_policy<ParallelScavengeHeap, GenerationSizer>();
 714   } else if (UseG1GC) {
 715     return Universe::create_heap_with_policy<G1CollectedHeap, G1CollectorPolicy>();
 716   } else if (UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
 717     return Universe::create_heap_with_policy<GenCollectedHeap, ConcurrentMarkSweepPolicy>();
 718 #endif
 719   } else if (UseSerialGC) {
 720     return Universe::create_heap_with_policy<GenCollectedHeap, MarkSweepPolicy>();
 721   }
 722 
 723   ShouldNotReachHere();
 724   return NULL;
 725 }
 726 
 727 // Choose the heap base address and oop encoding mode
 728 // when compressed oops are used:
 729 // Unscaled  - Use 32-bits oops without encoding when
 730 //     NarrowOopHeapBaseMin + heap_size < 4Gb
 731 // ZeroBased - Use zero based compressed oops with encoding when
 732 //     NarrowOopHeapBaseMin + heap_size < 32Gb
 733 // HeapBased - Use compressed oops with heap base + encoding.
 734 
 735 jint Universe::initialize_heap() {
 736   jint status = JNI_ERR;
 737 
 738   _collectedHeap = create_heap_ext();
 739   if (_collectedHeap == NULL) {
 740     _collectedHeap = create_heap();
 741   }
 742 
 743   status = _collectedHeap->initialize();
 744   if (status != JNI_OK) {
 745     return status;
 746   }
 747 
 748   ThreadLocalAllocBuffer::set_max_size(Universe::heap()->max_tlab_size());
 749 
 750 #ifdef _LP64
 751   if (UseCompressedOops) {
 752     // Subtract a page because something can get allocated at heap base.
 753     // This also makes implicit null checking work, because the
 754     // memory+1 page below heap_base needs to cause a signal.
 755     // See needs_explicit_null_check.
 756     // Only set the heap base for compressed oops because it indicates
 757     // compressed oops for pstack code.
 758     if ((uint64_t)Universe::heap()->reserved_region().end() > UnscaledOopHeapMax) {
 759       // Didn't reserve heap below 4Gb.  Must shift.
 760       Universe::set_narrow_oop_shift(LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes);
 761     }
 762     if ((uint64_t)Universe::heap()->reserved_region().end() <= OopEncodingHeapMax) {
 763       // Did reserve heap below 32Gb. Can use base == 0;
 764       Universe::set_narrow_oop_base(0);
 765     }
 766 
 767     Universe::set_narrow_ptrs_base(Universe::narrow_oop_base());
 768 
 769     if (PrintCompressedOopsMode || (PrintMiscellaneous && Verbose)) {
 770       Universe::print_compressed_oops_mode(tty);
 771     }
 772 
 773     // Tell tests in which mode we run.
 774     Arguments::PropertyList_add(new SystemProperty("java.vm.compressedOopsMode",
 775                                                    narrow_oop_mode_to_string(narrow_oop_mode()),
 776                                                    false));
 777   }
 778   // Universe::narrow_oop_base() is one page below the heap.
 779   assert((intptr_t)Universe::narrow_oop_base() <= (intptr_t)(Universe::heap()->base() -
 780          os::vm_page_size()) ||
 781          Universe::narrow_oop_base() == NULL, "invalid value");
 782   assert(Universe::narrow_oop_shift() == LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes ||
 783          Universe::narrow_oop_shift() == 0, "invalid value");
 784 #endif
 785 
 786   // We will never reach the CATCH below since Exceptions::_throw will cause
 787   // the VM to exit if an exception is thrown during initialization
 788 
 789   if (UseTLAB) {
 790     assert(Universe::heap()->supports_tlab_allocation(),
 791            "Should support thread-local allocation buffers");
 792     ThreadLocalAllocBuffer::startup_initialization();
 793   }
 794   return JNI_OK;
 795 }
 796 
 797 void Universe::print_compressed_oops_mode(outputStream* st) {
 798   st->print("heap address: " PTR_FORMAT ", size: " SIZE_FORMAT " MB",
 799               p2i(Universe::heap()->base()), Universe::heap()->reserved_region().byte_size()/M);
 800 
 801   st->print(", Compressed Oops mode: %s", narrow_oop_mode_to_string(narrow_oop_mode()));
 802 
 803   if (Universe::narrow_oop_base() != 0) {
 804     st->print(": " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(Universe::narrow_oop_base()));
 805   }
 806 
 807   if (Universe::narrow_oop_shift() != 0) {
 808     st->print(", Oop shift amount: %d", Universe::narrow_oop_shift());
 809   }
 810 
 811   if (!Universe::narrow_oop_use_implicit_null_checks()) {
 812     st->print(", no protected page in front of the heap");
 813   }
 814   st->cr();
 815 }
 816 
 817 ReservedSpace Universe::reserve_heap(size_t heap_size, size_t alignment) {
 818 
 819   assert(alignment <= Arguments::conservative_max_heap_alignment(),
 820          "actual alignment " SIZE_FORMAT " must be within maximum heap alignment " SIZE_FORMAT,
 821          alignment, Arguments::conservative_max_heap_alignment());
 822 
 823   size_t total_reserved = align_size_up(heap_size, alignment);
 824   assert(!UseCompressedOops || (total_reserved <= (OopEncodingHeapMax - os::vm_page_size())),
 825       "heap size is too big for compressed oops");
 826 
 827   bool use_large_pages = UseLargePages && is_size_aligned(alignment, os::large_page_size());
 828   assert(!UseLargePages
 829       || UseParallelGC
 830       || use_large_pages, "Wrong alignment to use large pages");
 831 
 832   // Now create the space.
 833   ReservedHeapSpace total_rs(total_reserved, alignment, use_large_pages);
 834 
 835   if (total_rs.is_reserved()) {
 836     assert((total_reserved == total_rs.size()) && ((uintptr_t)total_rs.base() % alignment == 0),
 837            "must be exactly of required size and alignment");
 838     // We are good.
 839 
 840     if (UseCompressedOops) {
 841       // Universe::initialize_heap() will reset this to NULL if unscaled
 842       // or zero-based narrow oops are actually used.
 843       // Else heap start and base MUST differ, so that NULL can be encoded nonambigous.
 844       Universe::set_narrow_oop_base((address)total_rs.compressed_oop_base());
 845     }
 846 
 847     return total_rs;
 848   }
 849 
 850   vm_exit_during_initialization(
 851     err_msg("Could not reserve enough space for " SIZE_FORMAT "KB object heap",
 852             total_reserved/K));
 853 
 854   // satisfy compiler
 855   ShouldNotReachHere();
 856   return ReservedHeapSpace(0, 0, false);
 857 }
 858 
 859 
 860 // It's the caller's responsibility to ensure glitch-freedom
 861 // (if required).
 862 void Universe::update_heap_info_at_gc() {
 863   _heap_capacity_at_last_gc = heap()->capacity();
 864   _heap_used_at_last_gc     = heap()->used();
 865 }
 866 
 867 
 868 const char* Universe::narrow_oop_mode_to_string(Universe::NARROW_OOP_MODE mode) {
 869   switch (mode) {
 870     case UnscaledNarrowOop:
 871       return "32-bit";
 872     case ZeroBasedNarrowOop:
 873       return "Zero based";
 874     case DisjointBaseNarrowOop:
 875       return "Non-zero disjoint base";
 876     case HeapBasedNarrowOop:
 877       return "Non-zero based";
 878   }
 879 
 880   ShouldNotReachHere();
 881   return "";
 882 }
 883 
 884 
 885 Universe::NARROW_OOP_MODE Universe::narrow_oop_mode() {
 886   if (narrow_oop_base_disjoint()) {
 887     return DisjointBaseNarrowOop;
 888   }
 889 
 890   if (narrow_oop_base() != 0) {
 891     return HeapBasedNarrowOop;
 892   }
 893 
 894   if (narrow_oop_shift() != 0) {
 895     return ZeroBasedNarrowOop;
 896   }
 897 
 898   return UnscaledNarrowOop;
 899 }
 900 
 901 
 902 void universe2_init() {
 903   EXCEPTION_MARK;
 904   Universe::genesis(CATCH);
 905 }
 906 
 907 
 908 bool universe_post_init() {
 909   assert(!is_init_completed(), "Error: initialization not yet completed!");
 910   Universe::_fully_initialized = true;
 911   EXCEPTION_MARK;
 912   { ResourceMark rm;
 913     Interpreter::initialize();      // needed for interpreter entry points
 914     if (!UseSharedSpaces) {
 915       HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 916       KlassHandle ok_h(THREAD, SystemDictionary::Object_klass());
 917       Universe::reinitialize_vtable_of(ok_h, CHECK_false);
 918       Universe::reinitialize_itables(CHECK_false);
 919     }
 920   }
 921 
 922   HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 923   Klass* k;
 924   instanceKlassHandle k_h;
 925     // Setup preallocated empty java.lang.Class array
 926     Universe::_the_empty_class_klass_array = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Class_klass(), 0, CHECK_false);
 927 
 928     // Setup preallocated OutOfMemoryError errors
 929     k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError(), true, CHECK_false);
 930     k_h = instanceKlassHandle(THREAD, k);
 931     Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap = k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 932     Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace = k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 933     Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace = k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 934     Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size = k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 935     Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit =
 936       k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 937     Universe::_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects = k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 938 
 939     // Setup preallocated NullPointerException
 940     // (this is currently used for a cheap & dirty solution in compiler exception handling)
 941     k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException(), true, CHECK_false);
 942     Universe::_null_ptr_exception_instance = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 943     // Setup preallocated ArithmeticException
 944     // (this is currently used for a cheap & dirty solution in compiler exception handling)
 945     k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_ArithmeticException(), true, CHECK_false);
 946     Universe::_arithmetic_exception_instance = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 947     // Virtual Machine Error for when we get into a situation we can't resolve
 948     k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(
 949       vmSymbols::java_lang_VirtualMachineError(), true, CHECK_false);
 950     bool linked = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->link_class_or_fail(CHECK_false);
 951     if (!linked) {
 952       tty->print_cr("Unable to link/verify VirtualMachineError class");
 953       return false; // initialization failed
 954     }
 955     Universe::_virtual_machine_error_instance =
 956       InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 957 
 958     Universe::_vm_exception = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 959 
 960   if (!DumpSharedSpaces) {
 961     // These are the only Java fields that are currently set during shared space dumping.
 962     // We prefer to not handle this generally, so we always reinitialize these detail messages.
 963     Handle msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Java heap space", CHECK_false);
 964     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap, msg());
 965 
 966     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Metaspace", CHECK_false);
 967     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace, msg());
 968     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Compressed class space", CHECK_false);
 969     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace, msg());
 970 
 971     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Requested array size exceeds VM limit", CHECK_false);
 972     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size, msg());
 973 
 974     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("GC overhead limit exceeded", CHECK_false);
 975     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit, msg());
 976 
 977     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Java heap space: failed reallocation of scalar replaced objects", CHECK_false);
 978     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects, msg());
 979 
 980     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("/ by zero", CHECK_false);
 981     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_arithmetic_exception_instance, msg());
 982 
 983     // Setup the array of errors that have preallocated backtrace
 984     k = Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap->klass();
 985     assert(k->name() == vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError(), "should be out of memory error");
 986     k_h = instanceKlassHandle(THREAD, k);
 987 
 988     int len = (StackTraceInThrowable) ? (int)PreallocatedOutOfMemoryErrorCount : 0;
 989     Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array = oopFactory::new_objArray(k_h(), len, CHECK_false);
 990     for (int i=0; i<len; i++) {
 991       oop err = k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 992       Handle err_h = Handle(THREAD, err);
 993       java_lang_Throwable::allocate_backtrace(err_h, CHECK_false);
 994       Universe::preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at_put(i, err_h());
 995     }
 996     Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count = (jint)len;
 997   }
 998 
 999 
1000   // Setup static method for registering finalizers
1001   // The finalizer klass must be linked before looking up the method, in
1002   // case it needs to get rewritten.
1003   SystemDictionary::Finalizer_klass()->link_class(CHECK_false);
1004   Method* m = SystemDictionary::Finalizer_klass()->find_method(
1005                                   vmSymbols::register_method_name(),
1006                                   vmSymbols::register_method_signature());
1007   if (m == NULL || !m->is_static()) {
1008     tty->print_cr("Unable to link/verify Finalizer.register method");
1009     return false; // initialization failed (cannot throw exception yet)
1010   }
1011   Universe::_finalizer_register_cache->init(
1012     SystemDictionary::Finalizer_klass(), m);
1013 
1014   SystemDictionary::internal_Unsafe_klass()->link_class(CHECK_false);
1015   m = SystemDictionary::internal_Unsafe_klass()->find_method(
1016                                   vmSymbols::throwIllegalAccessError_name(),
1017                                   vmSymbols::void_method_signature());
1018   if (m != NULL && !m->is_static()) {
1019     // Note null is okay; this method is used in itables, and if it is null,
1020     // then AbstractMethodError is thrown instead.
1021     tty->print_cr("Unable to link/verify Unsafe.throwIllegalAccessError method");
1022     return false; // initialization failed (cannot throw exception yet)
1023   }
1024   Universe::_throw_illegal_access_error_cache->init(
1025     SystemDictionary::internal_Unsafe_klass(), m);
1026 
1027   // Setup method for registering loaded classes in class loader vector
1028   SystemDictionary::ClassLoader_klass()->link_class(CHECK_false);
1029   m = SystemDictionary::ClassLoader_klass()->find_method(vmSymbols::addClass_name(), vmSymbols::class_void_signature());
1030   if (m == NULL || m->is_static()) {
1031     tty->print_cr("Unable to link/verify ClassLoader.addClass method");
1032     return false; // initialization failed (cannot throw exception yet)
1033   }
1034   Universe::_loader_addClass_cache->init(
1035     SystemDictionary::ClassLoader_klass(), m);
1036 
1037   // Setup method for checking protection domain
1038   SystemDictionary::ProtectionDomain_klass()->link_class(CHECK_false);
1039   m = SystemDictionary::ProtectionDomain_klass()->
1040             find_method(vmSymbols::impliesCreateAccessControlContext_name(),
1041                         vmSymbols::void_boolean_signature());
1042   // Allow NULL which should only happen with bootstrapping.
1043   if (m != NULL) {
1044     if (m->is_static()) {
1045       // NoSuchMethodException doesn't actually work because it tries to run the
1046       // <init> function before java_lang_Class is linked. Print error and exit.
1047       tty->print_cr("ProtectionDomain.impliesCreateAccessControlContext() has the wrong linkage");
1048       return false; // initialization failed
1049     }
1050     Universe::_pd_implies_cache->init(
1051       SystemDictionary::ProtectionDomain_klass(), m);
1052   }
1053 
1054   // Setup method for stack walking
1055   InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::AbstractStackWalker_klass())->link_class(CHECK_false);
1056   m = InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::AbstractStackWalker_klass())->
1057             find_method(vmSymbols::doStackWalk_name(),
1058                         vmSymbols::doStackWalk_signature());
1059   // Allow NULL which should only happen with bootstrapping.
1060   if (m != NULL) {
1061     Universe::_stackWalker_callback_cache->init(
1062       SystemDictionary::AbstractStackWalker_klass(), m);
1063   }
1064 
1065   // This needs to be done before the first scavenge/gc, since
1066   // it's an input to soft ref clearing policy.
1067   {
1068     MutexLocker x(Heap_lock);
1069     Universe::update_heap_info_at_gc();
1070   }
1071 
1072   // ("weak") refs processing infrastructure initialization
1073   Universe::heap()->post_initialize();
1074 
1075   // Initialize performance counters for metaspaces
1076   MetaspaceCounters::initialize_performance_counters();
1077   CompressedClassSpaceCounters::initialize_performance_counters();
1078 
1079   MemoryService::add_metaspace_memory_pools();
1080 
1081   MemoryService::set_universe_heap(Universe::heap());
1082 #if INCLUDE_CDS
1083   SharedClassUtil::initialize(CHECK_false);
1084 #endif
1085   return true;
1086 }
1087 
1088 
1089 void Universe::compute_base_vtable_size() {
1090   _base_vtable_size = ClassLoader::compute_Object_vtable();
1091 }
1092 
1093 
1094 void Universe::print() {
1095   print_on(gclog_or_tty);
1096 }
1097 
1098 void Universe::print_on(outputStream* st, bool extended) {
1099   st->print_cr("Heap");
1100   if (!extended) {
1101     heap()->print_on(st);
1102   } else {
1103     heap()->print_extended_on(st);
1104   }
1105 }
1106 
1107 void Universe::print_heap_at_SIGBREAK() {
1108   if (PrintHeapAtSIGBREAK) {
1109     MutexLocker hl(Heap_lock);
1110     print_on(tty);
1111     tty->cr();
1112     tty->flush();
1113   }
1114 }
1115 
1116 void Universe::print_heap_before_gc(outputStream* st, bool ignore_extended) {
1117   st->print_cr("{Heap before GC invocations=%u (full %u):",
1118                heap()->total_collections(),
1119                heap()->total_full_collections());
1120   if (!PrintHeapAtGCExtended || ignore_extended) {
1121     heap()->print_on(st);
1122   } else {
1123     heap()->print_extended_on(st);
1124   }
1125 }
1126 
1127 void Universe::print_heap_after_gc(outputStream* st, bool ignore_extended) {
1128   st->print_cr("Heap after GC invocations=%u (full %u):",
1129                heap()->total_collections(),
1130                heap()->total_full_collections());
1131   if (!PrintHeapAtGCExtended || ignore_extended) {
1132     heap()->print_on(st);
1133   } else {
1134     heap()->print_extended_on(st);
1135   }
1136   st->print_cr("}");
1137 }
1138 
1139 void Universe::verify(VerifyOption option, const char* prefix, bool silent) {
1140   // The use of _verify_in_progress is a temporary work around for
1141   // 6320749.  Don't bother with a creating a class to set and clear
1142   // it since it is only used in this method and the control flow is
1143   // straight forward.
1144   _verify_in_progress = true;
1145 
1146   COMPILER2_PRESENT(
1147     assert(!DerivedPointerTable::is_active(),
1148          "DPT should not be active during verification "
1149          "(of thread stacks below)");
1150   )
1151 
1152   ResourceMark rm;
1153   HandleMark hm;  // Handles created during verification can be zapped
1154   _verify_count++;
1155 
1156   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("%s", prefix);
1157   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("[Verifying ");
1158   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("threads ");
1159   Threads::verify();
1160   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("heap ");
1161   heap()->verify(silent, option);
1162   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("syms ");
1163   SymbolTable::verify();
1164   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("strs ");
1165   StringTable::verify();
1166   {
1167     MutexLockerEx mu(CodeCache_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
1168     if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("zone ");
1169     CodeCache::verify();
1170   }
1171   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("dict ");
1172   SystemDictionary::verify();
1173 #ifndef PRODUCT
1174   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("cldg ");
1175   ClassLoaderDataGraph::verify();
1176 #endif
1177   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("metaspace chunks ");
1178   MetaspaceAux::verify_free_chunks();
1179   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("hand ");
1180   JNIHandles::verify();
1181   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("C-heap ");
1182   os::check_heap();
1183   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("code cache ");
1184   CodeCache::verify_oops();
1185   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print_cr("]");
1186 
1187   _verify_in_progress = false;
1188 }
1189 
1190 
1191 #ifndef PRODUCT
1192 void Universe::calculate_verify_data(HeapWord* low_boundary, HeapWord* high_boundary) {
1193   assert(low_boundary < high_boundary, "bad interval");
1194 
1195   // decide which low-order bits we require to be clear:
1196   size_t alignSize = MinObjAlignmentInBytes;
1197   size_t min_object_size = CollectedHeap::min_fill_size();
1198 
1199   // make an inclusive limit:
1200   uintptr_t max = (uintptr_t)high_boundary - min_object_size*wordSize;
1201   uintptr_t min = (uintptr_t)low_boundary;
1202   assert(min < max, "bad interval");
1203   uintptr_t diff = max ^ min;
1204 
1205   // throw away enough low-order bits to make the diff vanish
1206   uintptr_t mask = (uintptr_t)(-1);
1207   while ((mask & diff) != 0)
1208     mask <<= 1;
1209   uintptr_t bits = (min & mask);
1210   assert(bits == (max & mask), "correct mask");
1211   // check an intermediate value between min and max, just to make sure:
1212   assert(bits == ((min + (max-min)/2) & mask), "correct mask");
1213 
1214   // require address alignment, too:
1215   mask |= (alignSize - 1);
1216 
1217   if (!(_verify_oop_mask == 0 && _verify_oop_bits == (uintptr_t)-1)) {
1218     assert(_verify_oop_mask == mask && _verify_oop_bits == bits, "mask stability");
1219   }
1220   _verify_oop_mask = mask;
1221   _verify_oop_bits = bits;
1222 }
1223 
1224 // Oop verification (see MacroAssembler::verify_oop)
1225 
1226 uintptr_t Universe::verify_oop_mask() {
1227   MemRegion m = heap()->reserved_region();
1228   calculate_verify_data(m.start(), m.end());
1229   return _verify_oop_mask;
1230 }
1231 
1232 uintptr_t Universe::verify_oop_bits() {
1233   MemRegion m = heap()->reserved_region();
1234   calculate_verify_data(m.start(), m.end());
1235   return _verify_oop_bits;
1236 }
1237 
1238 uintptr_t Universe::verify_mark_mask() {
1239   return markOopDesc::lock_mask_in_place;
1240 }
1241 
1242 uintptr_t Universe::verify_mark_bits() {
1243   intptr_t mask = verify_mark_mask();
1244   intptr_t bits = (intptr_t)markOopDesc::prototype();
1245   assert((bits & ~mask) == 0, "no stray header bits");
1246   return bits;
1247 }
1248 #endif // PRODUCT
1249 
1250 
1251 void Universe::compute_verify_oop_data() {
1252   verify_oop_mask();
1253   verify_oop_bits();
1254   verify_mark_mask();
1255   verify_mark_bits();
1256 }
1257 
1258 
1259 void LatestMethodCache::init(Klass* k, Method* m) {
1260   if (!UseSharedSpaces) {
1261     _klass = k;
1262   }
1263 #ifndef PRODUCT
1264   else {
1265     // sharing initilization should have already set up _klass
1266     assert(_klass != NULL, "just checking");
1267   }
1268 #endif
1269 
1270   _method_idnum = m->method_idnum();
1271   assert(_method_idnum >= 0, "sanity check");
1272 }
1273 
1274 
1275 Method* LatestMethodCache::get_method() {
1276   if (klass() == NULL) return NULL;
1277   InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(klass());
1278   Method* m = ik->method_with_idnum(method_idnum());
1279   assert(m != NULL, "sanity check");
1280   return m;
1281 }
1282 
1283 
1284 #ifdef ASSERT
1285 // Release dummy object(s) at bottom of heap
1286 bool Universe::release_fullgc_alot_dummy() {
1287   MutexLocker ml(FullGCALot_lock);
1288   if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_array != NULL) {
1289     if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_next >= _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->length()) {
1290       // No more dummies to release, release entire array instead
1291       _fullgc_alot_dummy_array = NULL;
1292       return false;
1293     }
1294     if (!UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
1295       // Release dummy at bottom of old generation
1296       _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->obj_at_put(_fullgc_alot_dummy_next++, NULL);
1297     }
1298     // Release dummy at bottom of permanent generation
1299     _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->obj_at_put(_fullgc_alot_dummy_next++, NULL);
1300   }
1301   return true;
1302 }
1303 
1304 #endif // ASSERT