1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1994, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
  10  *
  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  20  *
  21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  23  * questions.
  24  */
  25 
  26 package java.lang;
  27 
  28 import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
  29 import java.lang.module.ModuleReader;
  30 import java.lang.ref.SoftReference;
  31 import java.io.IOException;
  32 import java.io.InputStream;
  33 import java.io.ObjectStreamField;
  34 import java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedElement;
  35 import java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedType;
  36 import java.lang.reflect.Array;
  37 import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
  38 import java.lang.reflect.Executable;
  39 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
  40 import java.lang.reflect.GenericArrayType;
  41 import java.lang.reflect.GenericDeclaration;
  42 import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
  43 import java.lang.reflect.Member;
  44 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
  45 import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
  46 import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
  47 import java.lang.reflect.Type;
  48 import java.lang.reflect.TypeVariable;
  49 import java.net.URL;
  50 import java.security.AccessController;
  51 import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
  52 import java.util.ArrayList;
  53 import java.util.Collection;
  54 import java.util.HashMap;
  55 import java.util.HashSet;
  56 import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
  57 import java.util.List;
  58 import java.util.Map;
  59 import java.util.Objects;
  60 import java.util.Set;
  61 import java.util.StringJoiner;
  62 
  63 import jdk.internal.HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate;
  64 import jdk.internal.loader.BootLoader;
  65 import jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader;
  66 import jdk.internal.misc.Unsafe;
  67 import jdk.internal.misc.VM;
  68 import jdk.internal.module.Resources;
  69 import jdk.internal.reflect.CallerSensitive;
  70 import jdk.internal.reflect.ConstantPool;
  71 import jdk.internal.reflect.Reflection;
  72 import jdk.internal.reflect.ReflectionFactory;
  73 import jdk.internal.vm.annotation.ForceInline;
  74 import sun.reflect.generics.factory.CoreReflectionFactory;
  75 import sun.reflect.generics.factory.GenericsFactory;
  76 import sun.reflect.generics.repository.ClassRepository;
  77 import sun.reflect.generics.repository.MethodRepository;
  78 import sun.reflect.generics.repository.ConstructorRepository;
  79 import sun.reflect.generics.scope.ClassScope;
  80 import sun.security.util.SecurityConstants;
  81 import sun.reflect.annotation.*;
  82 import sun.reflect.misc.ReflectUtil;
  83 
  84 /**
  85  * Instances of the class {@code Class} represent classes and
  86  * interfaces in a running Java application.  An enum is a kind of
  87  * class and an annotation is a kind of interface.  Every array also
  88  * belongs to a class that is reflected as a {@code Class} object
  89  * that is shared by all arrays with the same element type and number
  90  * of dimensions.  The primitive Java types ({@code boolean},
  91  * {@code byte}, {@code char}, {@code short},
  92  * {@code int}, {@code long}, {@code float}, and
  93  * {@code double}), and the keyword {@code void} are also
  94  * represented as {@code Class} objects.
  95  *
  96  * <p> {@code Class} has no public constructor. Instead {@code Class}
  97  * objects are constructed automatically by the Java Virtual Machine as classes
  98  * are loaded and by calls to the {@code defineClass} method in the class
  99  * loader.
 100  *
 101  * <p> The following example uses a {@code Class} object to print the
 102  * class name of an object:
 103  *
 104  * <blockquote><pre>
 105  *     void printClassName(Object obj) {
 106  *         System.out.println("The class of " + obj +
 107  *                            " is " + obj.getClass().getName());
 108  *     }
 109  * </pre></blockquote>
 110  *
 111  * <p> It is also possible to get the {@code Class} object for a named
 112  * type (or for void) using a class literal.  See Section 15.8.2 of
 113  * <cite>The Java&trade; Language Specification</cite>.
 114  * For example:
 115  *
 116  * <blockquote>
 117  *     {@code System.out.println("The name of class Foo is: "+Foo.class.getName());}
 118  * </blockquote>
 119  *
 120  * @param <T> the type of the class modeled by this {@code Class}
 121  * object.  For example, the type of {@code String.class} is {@code
 122  * Class<String>}.  Use {@code Class<?>} if the class being modeled is
 123  * unknown.
 124  *
 125  * @author  unascribed
 126  * @see     java.lang.ClassLoader#defineClass(byte[], int, int)
 127  * @since   1.0
 128  */
 129 public final class Class<T> implements java.io.Serializable,
 130                               GenericDeclaration,
 131                               Type,
 132                               AnnotatedElement {
 133     private static final int ANNOTATION= 0x00002000;
 134     private static final int ENUM      = 0x00004000;
 135     private static final int SYNTHETIC = 0x00001000;
 136 
 137     private static native void registerNatives();
 138     static {
 139         registerNatives();
 140     }
 141 
 142     /*
 143      * Private constructor. Only the Java Virtual Machine creates Class objects.
 144      * This constructor is not used and prevents the default constructor being
 145      * generated.
 146      */
 147     private Class(ClassLoader loader, Class<?> arrayComponentType) {
 148         // Initialize final field for classLoader.  The initialization value of non-null
 149         // prevents future JIT optimizations from assuming this final field is null.
 150         classLoader = loader;
 151         componentType = arrayComponentType;
 152     }
 153 
 154     /**
 155      * Converts the object to a string. The string representation is the
 156      * string "class" or "interface", followed by a space, and then by the
 157      * fully qualified name of the class in the format returned by
 158      * {@code getName}.  If this {@code Class} object represents a
 159      * primitive type, this method returns the name of the primitive type.  If
 160      * this {@code Class} object represents void this method returns
 161      * "void". If this {@code Class} object represents an array type,
 162      * this method returns "class " followed by {@code getName}.
 163      *
 164      * @return a string representation of this class object.
 165      */
 166     public String toString() {
 167         return (isInterface() ? "interface " : (isPrimitive() ? "" : "class "))
 168             + getName();
 169     }
 170 
 171     /**
 172      * Returns a string describing this {@code Class}, including
 173      * information about modifiers and type parameters.
 174      *
 175      * The string is formatted as a list of type modifiers, if any,
 176      * followed by the kind of type (empty string for primitive types
 177      * and {@code class}, {@code enum}, {@code interface}, or
 178      * <code>@</code>{@code interface}, as appropriate), followed
 179      * by the type's name, followed by an angle-bracketed
 180      * comma-separated list of the type's type parameters, if any.
 181      *
 182      * A space is used to separate modifiers from one another and to
 183      * separate any modifiers from the kind of type. The modifiers
 184      * occur in canonical order. If there are no type parameters, the
 185      * type parameter list is elided.
 186      *
 187      * For an array type, the string starts with the type name,
 188      * followed by an angle-bracketed comma-separated list of the
 189      * type's type parameters, if any, followed by a sequence of
 190      * {@code []} characters, one set of brackets per dimension of
 191      * the array.
 192      *
 193      * <p>Note that since information about the runtime representation
 194      * of a type is being generated, modifiers not present on the
 195      * originating source code or illegal on the originating source
 196      * code may be present.
 197      *
 198      * @return a string describing this {@code Class}, including
 199      * information about modifiers and type parameters
 200      *
 201      * @since 1.8
 202      */
 203     public String toGenericString() {
 204         if (isPrimitive()) {
 205             return toString();
 206         } else {
 207             StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
 208             Class<?> component = this;
 209             int arrayDepth = 0;
 210 
 211             if (isArray()) {
 212                 do {
 213                     arrayDepth++;
 214                     component = component.getComponentType();
 215                 } while (component.isArray());
 216                 sb.append(component.getName());
 217             } else {
 218                 // Class modifiers are a superset of interface modifiers
 219                 int modifiers = getModifiers() & Modifier.classModifiers();
 220                 if (modifiers != 0) {
 221                     sb.append(Modifier.toString(modifiers));
 222                     sb.append(' ');
 223                 }
 224 
 225                 if (isAnnotation()) {
 226                     sb.append('@');
 227                 }
 228                 if (isInterface()) { // Note: all annotation types are interfaces
 229                     sb.append("interface");
 230                 } else {
 231                     if (isEnum())
 232                         sb.append("enum");
 233                     else
 234                         sb.append("class");
 235                 }
 236                 sb.append(' ');
 237                 sb.append(getName());
 238             }
 239 
 240             TypeVariable<?>[] typeparms = component.getTypeParameters();
 241             if (typeparms.length > 0) {
 242                 StringJoiner sj = new StringJoiner(",", "<", ">");
 243                 for(TypeVariable<?> typeparm: typeparms) {
 244                     sj.add(typeparm.getTypeName());
 245                 }
 246                 sb.append(sj.toString());
 247             }
 248 
 249             for (int i = 0; i < arrayDepth; i++)
 250                 sb.append("[]");
 251 
 252             return sb.toString();
 253         }
 254     }
 255 
 256     /**
 257      * Returns the {@code Class} object associated with the class or
 258      * interface with the given string name.  Invoking this method is
 259      * equivalent to:
 260      *
 261      * <blockquote>
 262      *  {@code Class.forName(className, true, currentLoader)}
 263      * </blockquote>
 264      *
 265      * where {@code currentLoader} denotes the defining class loader of
 266      * the current class.
 267      *
 268      * <p> For example, the following code fragment returns the
 269      * runtime {@code Class} descriptor for the class named
 270      * {@code java.lang.Thread}:
 271      *
 272      * <blockquote>
 273      *   {@code Class t = Class.forName("java.lang.Thread")}
 274      * </blockquote>
 275      * <p>
 276      * A call to {@code forName("X")} causes the class named
 277      * {@code X} to be initialized.
 278      *
 279      * @param      className   the fully qualified name of the desired class.
 280      * @return     the {@code Class} object for the class with the
 281      *             specified name.
 282      * @exception LinkageError if the linkage fails
 283      * @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked
 284      *            by this method fails
 285      * @exception ClassNotFoundException if the class cannot be located
 286      */
 287     @CallerSensitive
 288     public static Class<?> forName(String className)
 289                 throws ClassNotFoundException {
 290         Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
 291         Class<?> c = forName0(className, true, ClassLoader.getClassLoader(caller), caller);
 292         if (c.isValueClass()) {
 293             throw new ClassNotFoundException(className + " is a derived value class");
 294         }
 295         return c;
 296     }
 297 
 298 
 299     /**
 300      * Returns the {@code Class} object associated with the class or
 301      * interface with the given string name, using the given class loader.
 302      * Given the fully qualified name for a class or interface (in the same
 303      * format returned by {@code getName}) this method attempts to
 304      * locate, load, and link the class or interface.  The specified class
 305      * loader is used to load the class or interface.  If the parameter
 306      * {@code loader} is null, the class is loaded through the bootstrap
 307      * class loader.  The class is initialized only if the
 308      * {@code initialize} parameter is {@code true} and if it has
 309      * not been initialized earlier.
 310      *
 311      * <p> If {@code name} denotes a primitive type or void, an attempt
 312      * will be made to locate a user-defined class in the unnamed package whose
 313      * name is {@code name}. Therefore, this method cannot be used to
 314      * obtain any of the {@code Class} objects representing primitive
 315      * types or void.
 316      *
 317      * <p> If {@code name} denotes an array class, the component type of
 318      * the array class is loaded but not initialized.
 319      *
 320      * <p> For example, in an instance method the expression:
 321      *
 322      * <blockquote>
 323      *  {@code Class.forName("Foo")}
 324      * </blockquote>
 325      *
 326      * is equivalent to:
 327      *
 328      * <blockquote>
 329      *  {@code Class.forName("Foo", true, this.getClass().getClassLoader())}
 330      * </blockquote>
 331      *
 332      * Note that this method throws errors related to loading, linking or
 333      * initializing as specified in Sections 12.2, 12.3 and 12.4 of <em>The
 334      * Java Language Specification</em>.
 335      * Note that this method does not check whether the requested class
 336      * is accessible to its caller.
 337      *
 338      * @param name       fully qualified name of the desired class
 339      * @param initialize if {@code true} the class will be initialized.
 340      *                   See Section 12.4 of <em>The Java Language Specification</em>.
 341      * @param loader     class loader from which the class must be loaded
 342      * @return           class object representing the desired class
 343      *
 344      * @exception LinkageError if the linkage fails
 345      * @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked
 346      *            by this method fails
 347      * @exception ClassNotFoundException if the class cannot be located by
 348      *            the specified class loader
 349      * @exception SecurityException
 350      *            if a security manager is present, and the {@code loader} is
 351      *            {@code null}, and the caller's class loader is not
 352      *            {@code null}, and the caller does not have the
 353      *            {@link RuntimePermission}{@code ("getClassLoader")}
 354      *
 355      * @see       java.lang.Class#forName(String)
 356      * @see       java.lang.ClassLoader
 357      * @since     1.2
 358      */
 359     @CallerSensitive
 360     public static Class<?> forName(String name, boolean initialize,
 361                                    ClassLoader loader)
 362         throws ClassNotFoundException
 363     {
 364         Class<?> caller = null;
 365         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
 366         if (sm != null) {
 367             // Reflective call to get caller class is only needed if a security manager
 368             // is present.  Avoid the overhead of making this call otherwise.
 369             caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
 370             if (VM.isSystemDomainLoader(loader)) {
 371                 ClassLoader ccl = ClassLoader.getClassLoader(caller);
 372                 if (!VM.isSystemDomainLoader(ccl)) {
 373                     sm.checkPermission(
 374                         SecurityConstants.GET_CLASSLOADER_PERMISSION);
 375                 }
 376             }
 377         }
 378         Class<?> c = forName0(name, initialize, loader, caller);
 379         if (c.isValueClass()) {
 380             throw new ClassNotFoundException(name + " is a derived value class");
 381         }
 382         return c;
 383     }
 384 
 385     /** Called after security check for system loader access checks have been made. */
 386     static native Class<?> forName0(String name, boolean initialize,
 387                                     ClassLoader loader,
 388                                     Class<?> caller)
 389         throws ClassNotFoundException;
 390 
 391 
 392     /**
 393      * Returns the {@code Class} with the given <a href="ClassLoader.html#name">
 394      * binary name</a> in the given module.
 395      *
 396      * <p> This method attempts to locate, load, and link the class or interface.
 397      * It does not run the class initializer.  If the class is not found, this
 398      * method returns {@code null}. </p>
 399      *
 400      * <p> If the class loader of the given module defines other modules and
 401      * the given name is a class defined in a different module, this method
 402      * returns {@code null} after the class is loaded. </p>
 403      *
 404      * <p> This method does not check whether the requested class is
 405      * accessible to its caller. </p>
 406      *
 407      * @apiNote
 408      * This method returns {@code null} on failure rather than
 409      * throwing a {@link ClassNotFoundException}, as is done by
 410      * the {@link #forName(String, boolean, ClassLoader)} method.
 411      * The security check is a stack-based permission check if the caller
 412      * loads a class in another module.
 413      *
 414      * @param  module   A module
 415      * @param  name     The <a href="ClassLoader.html#name">binary name</a>
 416      *                  of the class
 417      * @return {@code Class} object of the given name defined in the given module;
 418      *         {@code null} if not found.
 419      *
 420      * @throws NullPointerException if the given module or name is {@code null}
 421      *
 422      * @throws LinkageError if the linkage fails
 423      *
 424      * @throws SecurityException
 425      *         <ul>
 426      *         <li> if the caller is not the specified module and
 427      *         {@code RuntimePermission("getClassLoader")} permission is denied; or</li>
 428      *         <li> access to the module content is denied. For example,
 429      *         permission check will be performed when a class loader calls
 430      *         {@link ModuleReader#open(String)} to read the bytes of a class file
 431      *         in a module.</li>
 432      *         </ul>
 433      *
 434      * @since 9
 435      * @spec JPMS
 436      */
 437     @CallerSensitive
 438     public static Class<?> forName(Module module, String name) {
 439         Objects.requireNonNull(module);
 440         Objects.requireNonNull(name);
 441 
 442         Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
 443         if (caller != null && caller.getModule() != module) {
 444             // if caller is null, Class.forName is the last java frame on the stack.
 445             // java.base has all permissions
 446             SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
 447             if (sm != null) {
 448                 sm.checkPermission(SecurityConstants.GET_CLASSLOADER_PERMISSION);
 449             }
 450         }
 451 
 452         PrivilegedAction<ClassLoader> pa = module::getClassLoader;
 453         ClassLoader cl = AccessController.doPrivileged(pa);
 454         Class<?> c;
 455         if (cl != null) {
 456             c = cl.loadClass(module, name);
 457         } else {
 458             c = BootLoader.loadClass(module, name);
 459         }
 460 
 461         return c != null && !c.isValueClass() ? c : null;
 462     }
 463 
 464     boolean isValueClass() {
 465         Class<?> c = this;
 466         while (c.isArray()) {
 467             c = c.getComponentType();
 468         }
 469 
 470         // This could call MinimalValueTypes_1_0::isValueType or check ACC_VALUE.
 471         // For now, check if it is a subtype of __Value to avoid
 472         // initializing MinimalValueTypes_1_0 class during early startup.
 473         return __Value.class.isAssignableFrom(c) && c != __Value.class;
 474     }
 475 
 476     private void ensureNotValueClass() {
 477         if (this.isValueClass()) {
 478             throw new UnsupportedOperationException("cannot reflect on derived value type "
 479                 + this.getName());
 480         }
 481     }
 482 
 483     /**
 484      * Creates a new instance of the class represented by this {@code Class}
 485      * object.  The class is instantiated as if by a {@code new}
 486      * expression with an empty argument list.  The class is initialized if it
 487      * has not already been initialized.
 488      *
 489      * @deprecated This method propagates any exception thrown by the
 490      * nullary constructor, including a checked exception.  Use of
 491      * this method effectively bypasses the compile-time exception
 492      * checking that would otherwise be performed by the compiler.
 493      * The {@link
 494      * java.lang.reflect.Constructor#newInstance(java.lang.Object...)
 495      * Constructor.newInstance} method avoids this problem by wrapping
 496      * any exception thrown by the constructor in a (checked) {@link
 497      * java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException}.
 498      *
 499      * <p>The call
 500      *
 501      * <pre>{@code
 502      * clazz.newInstance()
 503      * }</pre>
 504      *
 505      * can be replaced by
 506      *
 507      * <pre>{@code
 508      * clazz.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance()
 509      * }</pre>
 510      *
 511      * The latter sequence of calls is inferred to be able to throw
 512      * the additional exception types {@link
 513      * InvocationTargetException} and {@link
 514      * NoSuchMethodException}. Both of these exception types are
 515      * subclasses of {@link ReflectiveOperationException}.
 516      *
 517      * @return  a newly allocated instance of the class represented by this
 518      *          object.
 519      * @throws  IllegalAccessException  if the class or its nullary
 520      *          constructor is not accessible.
 521      * @throws  InstantiationException
 522      *          if this {@code Class} represents an abstract class,
 523      *          an interface, an array class, a primitive type, or void;
 524      *          or if the class has no nullary constructor;
 525      *          or if the instantiation fails for some other reason.
 526      * @throws  ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization
 527      *          provoked by this method fails.
 528      * @throws  SecurityException
 529      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
 530      *          the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
 531      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
 532      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
 533      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
 534      *          of this class.
 535      */
 536     @CallerSensitive
 537     @Deprecated(since="9")
 538     public T newInstance()
 539         throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException
 540     {
 541         ensureNotValueClass();
 542 
 543         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
 544         if (sm != null) {
 545             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), false);
 546         }
 547 
 548         // NOTE: the following code may not be strictly correct under
 549         // the current Java memory model.
 550 
 551         // Constructor lookup
 552         if (cachedConstructor == null) {
 553             if (this == Class.class) {
 554                 throw new IllegalAccessException(
 555                     "Can not call newInstance() on the Class for java.lang.Class"
 556                 );
 557             }
 558             try {
 559                 Class<?>[] empty = {};
 560                 final Constructor<T> c = getReflectionFactory().copyConstructor(
 561                     getConstructor0(empty, Member.DECLARED));
 562                 // Disable accessibility checks on the constructor
 563                 // since we have to do the security check here anyway
 564                 // (the stack depth is wrong for the Constructor's
 565                 // security check to work)
 566                 java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
 567                     new java.security.PrivilegedAction<>() {
 568                         public Void run() {
 569                                 c.setAccessible(true);
 570                                 return null;
 571                             }
 572                         });
 573                 cachedConstructor = c;
 574             } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
 575                 throw (InstantiationException)
 576                     new InstantiationException(getName()).initCause(e);
 577             }
 578         }
 579         Constructor<T> tmpConstructor = cachedConstructor;
 580         // Security check (same as in java.lang.reflect.Constructor)
 581         Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
 582         if (newInstanceCallerCache != caller) {
 583             int modifiers = tmpConstructor.getModifiers();
 584             Reflection.ensureMemberAccess(caller, this, this, modifiers);
 585             newInstanceCallerCache = caller;
 586         }
 587         // Run constructor
 588         try {
 589             return tmpConstructor.newInstance((Object[])null);
 590         } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
 591             Unsafe.getUnsafe().throwException(e.getTargetException());
 592             // Not reached
 593             return null;
 594         }
 595     }
 596     private transient volatile Constructor<T> cachedConstructor;
 597     private transient volatile Class<?>       newInstanceCallerCache;
 598 
 599 
 600     /**
 601      * Determines if the specified {@code Object} is assignment-compatible
 602      * with the object represented by this {@code Class}.  This method is
 603      * the dynamic equivalent of the Java language {@code instanceof}
 604      * operator. The method returns {@code true} if the specified
 605      * {@code Object} argument is non-null and can be cast to the
 606      * reference type represented by this {@code Class} object without
 607      * raising a {@code ClassCastException.} It returns {@code false}
 608      * otherwise.
 609      *
 610      * <p> Specifically, if this {@code Class} object represents a
 611      * declared class, this method returns {@code true} if the specified
 612      * {@code Object} argument is an instance of the represented class (or
 613      * of any of its subclasses); it returns {@code false} otherwise. If
 614      * this {@code Class} object represents an array class, this method
 615      * returns {@code true} if the specified {@code Object} argument
 616      * can be converted to an object of the array class by an identity
 617      * conversion or by a widening reference conversion; it returns
 618      * {@code false} otherwise. If this {@code Class} object
 619      * represents an interface, this method returns {@code true} if the
 620      * class or any superclass of the specified {@code Object} argument
 621      * implements this interface; it returns {@code false} otherwise. If
 622      * this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type, this method
 623      * returns {@code false}.
 624      *
 625      * @param   obj the object to check
 626      * @return  true if {@code obj} is an instance of this class
 627      *
 628      * @since 1.1
 629      */
 630     @HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate
 631     public native boolean isInstance(Object obj);
 632 
 633 
 634     /**
 635      * Determines if the class or interface represented by this
 636      * {@code Class} object is either the same as, or is a superclass or
 637      * superinterface of, the class or interface represented by the specified
 638      * {@code Class} parameter. It returns {@code true} if so;
 639      * otherwise it returns {@code false}. If this {@code Class}
 640      * object represents a primitive type, this method returns
 641      * {@code true} if the specified {@code Class} parameter is
 642      * exactly this {@code Class} object; otherwise it returns
 643      * {@code false}.
 644      *
 645      * <p> Specifically, this method tests whether the type represented by the
 646      * specified {@code Class} parameter can be converted to the type
 647      * represented by this {@code Class} object via an identity conversion
 648      * or via a widening reference conversion. See <em>The Java Language
 649      * Specification</em>, sections 5.1.1 and 5.1.4 , for details.
 650      *
 651      * @param cls the {@code Class} object to be checked
 652      * @return the {@code boolean} value indicating whether objects of the
 653      * type {@code cls} can be assigned to objects of this class
 654      * @exception NullPointerException if the specified Class parameter is
 655      *            null.
 656      * @since 1.1
 657      */
 658     @HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate
 659     public native boolean isAssignableFrom(Class<?> cls);
 660 
 661 
 662     /**
 663      * Determines if the specified {@code Class} object represents an
 664      * interface type.
 665      *
 666      * @return  {@code true} if this object represents an interface;
 667      *          {@code false} otherwise.
 668      */
 669     @HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate
 670     public native boolean isInterface();
 671 
 672 
 673     /**
 674      * Determines if this {@code Class} object represents an array class.
 675      *
 676      * @return  {@code true} if this object represents an array class;
 677      *          {@code false} otherwise.
 678      * @since   1.1
 679      */
 680     @HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate
 681     public native boolean isArray();
 682 
 683 
 684     /**
 685      * Determines if the specified {@code Class} object represents a
 686      * primitive type.
 687      *
 688      * <p> There are nine predefined {@code Class} objects to represent
 689      * the eight primitive types and void.  These are created by the Java
 690      * Virtual Machine, and have the same names as the primitive types that
 691      * they represent, namely {@code boolean}, {@code byte},
 692      * {@code char}, {@code short}, {@code int},
 693      * {@code long}, {@code float}, and {@code double}.
 694      *
 695      * <p> These objects may only be accessed via the following public static
 696      * final variables, and are the only {@code Class} objects for which
 697      * this method returns {@code true}.
 698      *
 699      * @return true if and only if this class represents a primitive type
 700      *
 701      * @see     java.lang.Boolean#TYPE
 702      * @see     java.lang.Character#TYPE
 703      * @see     java.lang.Byte#TYPE
 704      * @see     java.lang.Short#TYPE
 705      * @see     java.lang.Integer#TYPE
 706      * @see     java.lang.Long#TYPE
 707      * @see     java.lang.Float#TYPE
 708      * @see     java.lang.Double#TYPE
 709      * @see     java.lang.Void#TYPE
 710      * @since 1.1
 711      */
 712     @HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate
 713     public native boolean isPrimitive();
 714 
 715     /**
 716      * Returns true if this {@code Class} object represents an annotation
 717      * type.  Note that if this method returns true, {@link #isInterface()}
 718      * would also return true, as all annotation types are also interfaces.
 719      *
 720      * @return {@code true} if this class object represents an annotation
 721      *      type; {@code false} otherwise
 722      * @since 1.5
 723      */
 724     public boolean isAnnotation() {
 725         return (getModifiers() & ANNOTATION) != 0;
 726     }
 727 
 728     /**
 729      * Returns {@code true} if this class is a synthetic class;
 730      * returns {@code false} otherwise.
 731      * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is a synthetic class as
 732      *         defined by the Java Language Specification.
 733      * @jls 13.1 The Form of a Binary
 734      * @since 1.5
 735      */
 736     public boolean isSynthetic() {
 737         return (getModifiers() & SYNTHETIC) != 0;
 738     }
 739 
 740     /**
 741      * Returns the  name of the entity (class, interface, array class,
 742      * primitive type, or void) represented by this {@code Class} object,
 743      * as a {@code String}.
 744      *
 745      * <p> If this class object represents a reference type that is not an
 746      * array type then the binary name of the class is returned, as specified
 747      * by
 748      * <cite>The Java&trade; Language Specification</cite>.
 749      *
 750      * <p> If this class object represents a primitive type or void, then the
 751      * name returned is a {@code String} equal to the Java language
 752      * keyword corresponding to the primitive type or void.
 753      *
 754      * <p> If this class object represents a class of arrays, then the internal
 755      * form of the name consists of the name of the element type preceded by
 756      * one or more '{@code [}' characters representing the depth of the array
 757      * nesting.  The encoding of element type names is as follows:
 758      *
 759      * <blockquote><table summary="Element types and encodings">
 760      * <tr><th> Element Type <th> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <th> Encoding
 761      * <tr><td> boolean      <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td style="text-align:center"> Z
 762      * <tr><td> byte         <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td style="text-align:center"> B
 763      * <tr><td> char         <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td style="text-align:center"> C
 764      * <tr><td> class or interface
 765      *                       <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td style="text-align:center"> L<i>classname</i>;
 766      * <tr><td> double       <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td style="text-align:center"> D
 767      * <tr><td> float        <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td style="text-align:center"> F
 768      * <tr><td> int          <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td style="text-align:center"> I
 769      * <tr><td> long         <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td style="text-align:center"> J
 770      * <tr><td> short        <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td style="text-align:center"> S
 771      * </table></blockquote>
 772      *
 773      * <p> The class or interface name <i>classname</i> is the binary name of
 774      * the class specified above.
 775      *
 776      * <p> Examples:
 777      * <blockquote><pre>
 778      * String.class.getName()
 779      *     returns "java.lang.String"
 780      * byte.class.getName()
 781      *     returns "byte"
 782      * (new Object[3]).getClass().getName()
 783      *     returns "[Ljava.lang.Object;"
 784      * (new int[3][4][5][6][7][8][9]).getClass().getName()
 785      *     returns "[[[[[[[I"
 786      * </pre></blockquote>
 787      *
 788      * @return  the name of the class or interface
 789      *          represented by this object.
 790      */
 791     public String getName() {
 792         String name = this.name;
 793         if (name == null)
 794             this.name = name = getName0();
 795         return name;
 796     }
 797 
 798     // cache the name to reduce the number of calls into the VM
 799     private transient String name;
 800     private native String getName0();
 801 
 802     /**
 803      * Returns the class loader for the class.  Some implementations may use
 804      * null to represent the bootstrap class loader. This method will return
 805      * null in such implementations if this class was loaded by the bootstrap
 806      * class loader.
 807      *
 808      * <p>If this object
 809      * represents a primitive type or void, null is returned.
 810      *
 811      * @return  the class loader that loaded the class or interface
 812      *          represented by this object.
 813      * @throws  SecurityException
 814      *          if a security manager is present, and the caller's class loader
 815      *          is not {@code null} and is not the same as or an ancestor of the
 816      *          class loader for the class whose class loader is requested,
 817      *          and the caller does not have the
 818      *          {@link RuntimePermission}{@code ("getClassLoader")}
 819      * @see java.lang.ClassLoader
 820      * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
 821      * @see java.lang.RuntimePermission
 822      */
 823     @CallerSensitive
 824     @ForceInline // to ensure Reflection.getCallerClass optimization
 825     public ClassLoader getClassLoader() {
 826         ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader0();
 827         if (cl == null)
 828             return null;
 829         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
 830         if (sm != null) {
 831             ClassLoader.checkClassLoaderPermission(cl, Reflection.getCallerClass());
 832         }
 833         return cl;
 834     }
 835 
 836     // Package-private to allow ClassLoader access
 837     ClassLoader getClassLoader0() { return classLoader; }
 838 
 839     /**
 840      * Returns the module that this class or interface is a member of.
 841      *
 842      * If this class represents an array type then this method returns the
 843      * {@code Module} for the element type. If this class represents a
 844      * primitive type or void, then the {@code Module} object for the
 845      * {@code java.base} module is returned.
 846      *
 847      * If this class is in an unnamed module then the {@link
 848      * ClassLoader#getUnnamedModule() unnamed} {@code Module} of the class
 849      * loader for this class is returned.
 850      *
 851      * @return the module that this class or interface is a member of
 852      *
 853      * @since 9
 854      * @spec JPMS
 855      */
 856     public Module getModule() {
 857         return module;
 858     }
 859 
 860     // set by VM
 861     private transient Module module;
 862 
 863     // Initialized in JVM not by private constructor
 864     // This field is filtered from reflection access, i.e. getDeclaredField
 865     // will throw NoSuchFieldException
 866     private final ClassLoader classLoader;
 867 
 868     /**
 869      * Returns an array of {@code TypeVariable} objects that represent the
 870      * type variables declared by the generic declaration represented by this
 871      * {@code GenericDeclaration} object, in declaration order.  Returns an
 872      * array of length 0 if the underlying generic declaration declares no type
 873      * variables.
 874      *
 875      * @return an array of {@code TypeVariable} objects that represent
 876      *     the type variables declared by this generic declaration
 877      * @throws java.lang.reflect.GenericSignatureFormatError if the generic
 878      *     signature of this generic declaration does not conform to
 879      *     the format specified in
 880      *     <cite>The Java&trade; Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
 881      * @since 1.5
 882      */
 883     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 884     public TypeVariable<Class<T>>[] getTypeParameters() {
 885         ClassRepository info = getGenericInfo();
 886         if (info != null)
 887             return (TypeVariable<Class<T>>[])info.getTypeParameters();
 888         else
 889             return (TypeVariable<Class<T>>[])new TypeVariable<?>[0];
 890     }
 891 
 892 
 893     /**
 894      * Returns the {@code Class} representing the direct superclass of the
 895      * entity (class, interface, primitive type or void) represented by
 896      * this {@code Class}.  If this {@code Class} represents either the
 897      * {@code Object} class, an interface, a primitive type, or void, then
 898      * null is returned.  If this object represents an array class then the
 899      * {@code Class} object representing the {@code Object} class is
 900      * returned.
 901      *
 902      * @return the direct superclass of the class represented by this object
 903      */
 904     @HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate
 905     public native Class<? super T> getSuperclass();
 906 
 907 
 908     /**
 909      * Returns the {@code Type} representing the direct superclass of
 910      * the entity (class, interface, primitive type or void) represented by
 911      * this {@code Class}.
 912      *
 913      * <p>If the superclass is a parameterized type, the {@code Type}
 914      * object returned must accurately reflect the actual type
 915      * parameters used in the source code. The parameterized type
 916      * representing the superclass is created if it had not been
 917      * created before. See the declaration of {@link
 918      * java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType ParameterizedType} for the
 919      * semantics of the creation process for parameterized types.  If
 920      * this {@code Class} represents either the {@code Object}
 921      * class, an interface, a primitive type, or void, then null is
 922      * returned.  If this object represents an array class then the
 923      * {@code Class} object representing the {@code Object} class is
 924      * returned.
 925      *
 926      * @throws java.lang.reflect.GenericSignatureFormatError if the generic
 927      *     class signature does not conform to the format specified in
 928      *     <cite>The Java&trade; Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
 929      * @throws TypeNotPresentException if the generic superclass
 930      *     refers to a non-existent type declaration
 931      * @throws java.lang.reflect.MalformedParameterizedTypeException if the
 932      *     generic superclass refers to a parameterized type that cannot be
 933      *     instantiated  for any reason
 934      * @return the direct superclass of the class represented by this object
 935      * @since 1.5
 936      */
 937     public Type getGenericSuperclass() {
 938         ClassRepository info = getGenericInfo();
 939         if (info == null) {
 940             return getSuperclass();
 941         }
 942 
 943         // Historical irregularity:
 944         // Generic signature marks interfaces with superclass = Object
 945         // but this API returns null for interfaces
 946         if (isInterface()) {
 947             return null;
 948         }
 949 
 950         return info.getSuperclass();
 951     }
 952 
 953     /**
 954      * Gets the package of this class.
 955      *
 956      * <p>If this class represents an array type, a primitive type or void,
 957      * this method returns {@code null}.
 958      *
 959      * @return the package of this class.
 960      * @revised 9
 961      * @spec JPMS
 962      */
 963     public Package getPackage() {
 964         if (isPrimitive() || isArray()) {
 965             return null;
 966         }
 967         ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader0();
 968         return cl != null ? cl.definePackage(this)
 969                           : BootLoader.definePackage(this);
 970     }
 971 
 972     /**
 973      * Returns the fully qualified package name.
 974      *
 975      * <p> If this class is a top level class, then this method returns the fully
 976      * qualified name of the package that the class is a member of, or the
 977      * empty string if the class is in an unnamed package.
 978      *
 979      * <p> If this class is a member class, then this method is equivalent to
 980      * invoking {@code getPackageName()} on the {@link #getEnclosingClass
 981      * enclosing class}.
 982      *
 983      * <p> If this class is a {@link #isLocalClass local class} or an {@link
 984      * #isAnonymousClass() anonymous class}, then this method is equivalent to
 985      * invoking {@code getPackageName()} on the {@link #getDeclaringClass
 986      * declaring class} of the {@link #getEnclosingMethod enclosing method} or
 987      * {@link #getEnclosingConstructor enclosing constructor}.
 988      *
 989      * <p> If this class represents an array type then this method returns the
 990      * package name of the element type. If this class represents a primitive
 991      * type or void then the package name "{@code java.lang}" is returned.
 992      *
 993      * @return the fully qualified package name
 994      *
 995      * @since 9
 996      * @spec JPMS
 997      * @jls 6.7  Fully Qualified Names
 998      */
 999     public String getPackageName() {
1000         String pn = this.packageName;
1001         if (pn == null) {
1002             Class<?> c = this;
1003             while (c.isArray()) {
1004                 c = c.getComponentType();
1005             }
1006             if (c.isPrimitive()) {
1007                 pn = "java.lang";
1008             } else {
1009                 String cn = c.getName();
1010                 int dot = cn.lastIndexOf('.');
1011                 pn = (dot != -1) ? cn.substring(0, dot).intern() : "";
1012             }
1013             this.packageName = pn;
1014         }
1015         return pn;
1016     }
1017 
1018     // cached package name
1019     private transient String packageName;
1020 
1021     /**
1022      * Returns the interfaces directly implemented by the class or interface
1023      * represented by this object.
1024      *
1025      * <p>If this object represents a class, the return value is an array
1026      * containing objects representing all interfaces directly implemented by
1027      * the class.  The order of the interface objects in the array corresponds
1028      * to the order of the interface names in the {@code implements} clause of
1029      * the declaration of the class represented by this object.  For example,
1030      * given the declaration:
1031      * <blockquote>
1032      * {@code class Shimmer implements FloorWax, DessertTopping { ... }}
1033      * </blockquote>
1034      * suppose the value of {@code s} is an instance of
1035      * {@code Shimmer}; the value of the expression:
1036      * <blockquote>
1037      * {@code s.getClass().getInterfaces()[0]}
1038      * </blockquote>
1039      * is the {@code Class} object that represents interface
1040      * {@code FloorWax}; and the value of:
1041      * <blockquote>
1042      * {@code s.getClass().getInterfaces()[1]}
1043      * </blockquote>
1044      * is the {@code Class} object that represents interface
1045      * {@code DessertTopping}.
1046      *
1047      * <p>If this object represents an interface, the array contains objects
1048      * representing all interfaces directly extended by the interface.  The
1049      * order of the interface objects in the array corresponds to the order of
1050      * the interface names in the {@code extends} clause of the declaration of
1051      * the interface represented by this object.
1052      *
1053      * <p>If this object represents a class or interface that implements no
1054      * interfaces, the method returns an array of length 0.
1055      *
1056      * <p>If this object represents a primitive type or void, the method
1057      * returns an array of length 0.
1058      *
1059      * <p>If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, the
1060      * interfaces {@code Cloneable} and {@code java.io.Serializable} are
1061      * returned in that order.
1062      *
1063      * @return an array of interfaces directly implemented by this class
1064      */
1065     public Class<?>[] getInterfaces() {
1066         // defensively copy before handing over to user code
1067         return getInterfaces(true);
1068     }
1069 
1070     private Class<?>[] getInterfaces(boolean cloneArray) {
1071         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
1072         if (rd == null) {
1073             // no cloning required
1074             return getInterfaces0();
1075         } else {
1076             Class<?>[] interfaces = rd.interfaces;
1077             if (interfaces == null) {
1078                 interfaces = getInterfaces0();
1079                 rd.interfaces = interfaces;
1080             }
1081             // defensively copy if requested
1082             return cloneArray ? interfaces.clone() : interfaces;
1083         }
1084     }
1085 
1086     private native Class<?>[] getInterfaces0();
1087 
1088     /**
1089      * Returns the {@code Type}s representing the interfaces
1090      * directly implemented by the class or interface represented by
1091      * this object.
1092      *
1093      * <p>If a superinterface is a parameterized type, the
1094      * {@code Type} object returned for it must accurately reflect
1095      * the actual type parameters used in the source code. The
1096      * parameterized type representing each superinterface is created
1097      * if it had not been created before. See the declaration of
1098      * {@link java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType ParameterizedType}
1099      * for the semantics of the creation process for parameterized
1100      * types.
1101      *
1102      * <p>If this object represents a class, the return value is an array
1103      * containing objects representing all interfaces directly implemented by
1104      * the class.  The order of the interface objects in the array corresponds
1105      * to the order of the interface names in the {@code implements} clause of
1106      * the declaration of the class represented by this object.
1107      *
1108      * <p>If this object represents an interface, the array contains objects
1109      * representing all interfaces directly extended by the interface.  The
1110      * order of the interface objects in the array corresponds to the order of
1111      * the interface names in the {@code extends} clause of the declaration of
1112      * the interface represented by this object.
1113      *
1114      * <p>If this object represents a class or interface that implements no
1115      * interfaces, the method returns an array of length 0.
1116      *
1117      * <p>If this object represents a primitive type or void, the method
1118      * returns an array of length 0.
1119      *
1120      * <p>If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, the
1121      * interfaces {@code Cloneable} and {@code java.io.Serializable} are
1122      * returned in that order.
1123      *
1124      * @throws java.lang.reflect.GenericSignatureFormatError
1125      *     if the generic class signature does not conform to the format
1126      *     specified in
1127      *     <cite>The Java&trade; Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
1128      * @throws TypeNotPresentException if any of the generic
1129      *     superinterfaces refers to a non-existent type declaration
1130      * @throws java.lang.reflect.MalformedParameterizedTypeException
1131      *     if any of the generic superinterfaces refer to a parameterized
1132      *     type that cannot be instantiated for any reason
1133      * @return an array of interfaces directly implemented by this class
1134      * @since 1.5
1135      */
1136     public Type[] getGenericInterfaces() {
1137         ClassRepository info = getGenericInfo();
1138         return (info == null) ?  getInterfaces() : info.getSuperInterfaces();
1139     }
1140 
1141 
1142     /**
1143      * Returns the {@code Class} representing the component type of an
1144      * array.  If this class does not represent an array class this method
1145      * returns null.
1146      *
1147      * @return the {@code Class} representing the component type of this
1148      * class if this class is an array
1149      * @see     java.lang.reflect.Array
1150      * @since 1.1
1151      */
1152     public Class<?> getComponentType() {
1153         // Only return for array types. Storage may be reused for Class for instance types.
1154         if (isArray()) {
1155             return componentType;
1156         } else {
1157             return null;
1158         }
1159     }
1160 
1161     private final Class<?> componentType;
1162 
1163 
1164     /**
1165      * Returns the Java language modifiers for this class or interface, encoded
1166      * in an integer. The modifiers consist of the Java Virtual Machine's
1167      * constants for {@code public}, {@code protected},
1168      * {@code private}, {@code final}, {@code static},
1169      * {@code abstract} and {@code interface}; they should be decoded
1170      * using the methods of class {@code Modifier}.
1171      *
1172      * <p> If the underlying class is an array class, then its
1173      * {@code public}, {@code private} and {@code protected}
1174      * modifiers are the same as those of its component type.  If this
1175      * {@code Class} represents a primitive type or void, its
1176      * {@code public} modifier is always {@code true}, and its
1177      * {@code protected} and {@code private} modifiers are always
1178      * {@code false}. If this object represents an array class, a
1179      * primitive type or void, then its {@code final} modifier is always
1180      * {@code true} and its interface modifier is always
1181      * {@code false}. The values of its other modifiers are not determined
1182      * by this specification.
1183      *
1184      * <p> The modifier encodings are defined in <em>The Java Virtual Machine
1185      * Specification</em>, table 4.1.
1186      *
1187      * @return the {@code int} representing the modifiers for this class
1188      * @see     java.lang.reflect.Modifier
1189      * @since 1.1
1190      */
1191     @HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate
1192     public native int getModifiers();
1193 
1194 
1195     /**
1196      * Gets the signers of this class.
1197      *
1198      * @return  the signers of this class, or null if there are no signers.  In
1199      *          particular, this method returns null if this object represents
1200      *          a primitive type or void.
1201      * @since   1.1
1202      */
1203     public native Object[] getSigners();
1204 
1205 
1206     /**
1207      * Set the signers of this class.
1208      */
1209     native void setSigners(Object[] signers);
1210 
1211 
1212     /**
1213      * If this {@code Class} object represents a local or anonymous
1214      * class within a method, returns a {@link
1215      * java.lang.reflect.Method Method} object representing the
1216      * immediately enclosing method of the underlying class. Returns
1217      * {@code null} otherwise.
1218      *
1219      * In particular, this method returns {@code null} if the underlying
1220      * class is a local or anonymous class immediately enclosed by a type
1221      * declaration, instance initializer or static initializer.
1222      *
1223      * @return the immediately enclosing method of the underlying class, if
1224      *     that class is a local or anonymous class; otherwise {@code null}.
1225      *
1226      * @throws SecurityException
1227      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
1228      *         following conditions is met:
1229      *
1230      *         <ul>
1231      *
1232      *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
1233      *         class loader of the enclosing class and invocation of
1234      *         {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
1235      *         s.checkPermission} method with
1236      *         {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
1237      *         denies access to the methods within the enclosing class
1238      *
1239      *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1240      *         ancestor of the class loader for the enclosing class and
1241      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1242      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1243      *         of the enclosing class
1244      *
1245      *         </ul>
1246      * @since 1.5
1247      */
1248     @CallerSensitive
1249     public Method getEnclosingMethod() throws SecurityException {
1250         EnclosingMethodInfo enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethodInfo();
1251 
1252         if (enclosingInfo == null)
1253             return null;
1254         else {
1255             if (!enclosingInfo.isMethod())
1256                 return null;
1257 
1258             MethodRepository typeInfo = MethodRepository.make(enclosingInfo.getDescriptor(),
1259                                                               getFactory());
1260             Class<?>   returnType       = toClass(typeInfo.getReturnType());
1261             Type []    parameterTypes   = typeInfo.getParameterTypes();
1262             Class<?>[] parameterClasses = new Class<?>[parameterTypes.length];
1263 
1264             // Convert Types to Classes; returned types *should*
1265             // be class objects since the methodDescriptor's used
1266             // don't have generics information
1267             for(int i = 0; i < parameterClasses.length; i++)
1268                 parameterClasses[i] = toClass(parameterTypes[i]);
1269 
1270             // Perform access check
1271             final Class<?> enclosingCandidate = enclosingInfo.getEnclosingClass();
1272             enclosingCandidate.ensureNotValueClass();
1273 
1274             SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
1275             if (sm != null) {
1276                 enclosingCandidate.checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED,
1277                                                      Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1278             }
1279             Method[] candidates = enclosingCandidate.privateGetDeclaredMethods(false);
1280 
1281             /*
1282              * Loop over all declared methods; match method name,
1283              * number of and type of parameters, *and* return
1284              * type.  Matching return type is also necessary
1285              * because of covariant returns, etc.
1286              */
1287             ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
1288             for (Method m : candidates) {
1289                 if (m.getName().equals(enclosingInfo.getName()) &&
1290                     arrayContentsEq(parameterClasses,
1291                                     fact.getExecutableSharedParameterTypes(m))) {
1292                     // finally, check return type
1293                     if (m.getReturnType().equals(returnType)) {
1294                         return fact.copyMethod(m);
1295                     }
1296                 }
1297             }
1298 
1299             throw new InternalError("Enclosing method not found");
1300         }
1301     }
1302 
1303     private native Object[] getEnclosingMethod0();
1304 
1305     private EnclosingMethodInfo getEnclosingMethodInfo() {
1306         Object[] enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethod0();
1307         if (enclosingInfo == null)
1308             return null;
1309         else {
1310             return new EnclosingMethodInfo(enclosingInfo);
1311         }
1312     }
1313 
1314     private static final class EnclosingMethodInfo {
1315         private final Class<?> enclosingClass;
1316         private final String name;
1317         private final String descriptor;
1318 
1319         static void validate(Object[] enclosingInfo) {
1320             if (enclosingInfo.length != 3)
1321                 throw new InternalError("Malformed enclosing method information");
1322             try {
1323                 // The array is expected to have three elements:
1324 
1325                 // the immediately enclosing class
1326                 Class<?> enclosingClass = (Class<?>)enclosingInfo[0];
1327                 assert(enclosingClass != null);
1328 
1329                 // the immediately enclosing method or constructor's
1330                 // name (can be null).
1331                 String name = (String)enclosingInfo[1];
1332 
1333                 // the immediately enclosing method or constructor's
1334                 // descriptor (null iff name is).
1335                 String descriptor = (String)enclosingInfo[2];
1336                 assert((name != null && descriptor != null) || name == descriptor);
1337             } catch (ClassCastException cce) {
1338                 throw new InternalError("Invalid type in enclosing method information", cce);
1339             }
1340         }
1341 
1342         EnclosingMethodInfo(Object[] enclosingInfo) {
1343             validate(enclosingInfo);
1344             this.enclosingClass = (Class<?>)enclosingInfo[0];
1345             this.name = (String)enclosingInfo[1];
1346             this.descriptor = (String)enclosingInfo[2];
1347         }
1348 
1349         boolean isPartial() {
1350             return enclosingClass == null || name == null || descriptor == null;
1351         }
1352 
1353         boolean isConstructor() { return !isPartial() && "<init>".equals(name); }
1354 
1355         boolean isMethod() { return !isPartial() && !isConstructor() && !"<clinit>".equals(name); }
1356 
1357         Class<?> getEnclosingClass() { return enclosingClass; }
1358 
1359         String getName() { return name; }
1360 
1361         String getDescriptor() { return descriptor; }
1362 
1363     }
1364 
1365     private static Class<?> toClass(Type o) {
1366         if (o instanceof GenericArrayType)
1367             return Array.newInstance(toClass(((GenericArrayType)o).getGenericComponentType()),
1368                                      0)
1369                 .getClass();
1370         return (Class<?>)o;
1371      }
1372 
1373     /**
1374      * If this {@code Class} object represents a local or anonymous
1375      * class within a constructor, returns a {@link
1376      * java.lang.reflect.Constructor Constructor} object representing
1377      * the immediately enclosing constructor of the underlying
1378      * class. Returns {@code null} otherwise.  In particular, this
1379      * method returns {@code null} if the underlying class is a local
1380      * or anonymous class immediately enclosed by a type declaration,
1381      * instance initializer or static initializer.
1382      *
1383      * @return the immediately enclosing constructor of the underlying class, if
1384      *     that class is a local or anonymous class; otherwise {@code null}.
1385      * @throws SecurityException
1386      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
1387      *         following conditions is met:
1388      *
1389      *         <ul>
1390      *
1391      *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
1392      *         class loader of the enclosing class and invocation of
1393      *         {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
1394      *         s.checkPermission} method with
1395      *         {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
1396      *         denies access to the constructors within the enclosing class
1397      *
1398      *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1399      *         ancestor of the class loader for the enclosing class and
1400      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1401      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1402      *         of the enclosing class
1403      *
1404      *         </ul>
1405      * @since 1.5
1406      */
1407     @CallerSensitive
1408     public Constructor<?> getEnclosingConstructor() throws SecurityException {
1409         EnclosingMethodInfo enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethodInfo();
1410 
1411         if (enclosingInfo == null)
1412             return null;
1413         else {
1414             if (!enclosingInfo.isConstructor())
1415                 return null;
1416 
1417             ConstructorRepository typeInfo = ConstructorRepository.make(enclosingInfo.getDescriptor(),
1418                                                                         getFactory());
1419             Type []    parameterTypes   = typeInfo.getParameterTypes();
1420             Class<?>[] parameterClasses = new Class<?>[parameterTypes.length];
1421 
1422             // Convert Types to Classes; returned types *should*
1423             // be class objects since the methodDescriptor's used
1424             // don't have generics information
1425             for(int i = 0; i < parameterClasses.length; i++)
1426                 parameterClasses[i] = toClass(parameterTypes[i]);
1427 
1428             // Perform access check
1429             final Class<?> enclosingCandidate = enclosingInfo.getEnclosingClass();
1430             enclosingCandidate.ensureNotValueClass();
1431 
1432             SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
1433             if (sm != null) {
1434                 enclosingCandidate.checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED,
1435                                                      Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1436             }
1437 
1438             Constructor<?>[] candidates = enclosingCandidate
1439                     .privateGetDeclaredConstructors(false);
1440             /*
1441              * Loop over all declared constructors; match number
1442              * of and type of parameters.
1443              */
1444             ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
1445             for (Constructor<?> c : candidates) {
1446                 if (arrayContentsEq(parameterClasses,
1447                                     fact.getExecutableSharedParameterTypes(c))) {
1448                     return fact.copyConstructor(c);
1449                 }
1450             }
1451 
1452             throw new InternalError("Enclosing constructor not found");
1453         }
1454     }
1455 
1456 
1457     /**
1458      * If the class or interface represented by this {@code Class} object
1459      * is a member of another class, returns the {@code Class} object
1460      * representing the class in which it was declared.  This method returns
1461      * null if this class or interface is not a member of any other class.  If
1462      * this {@code Class} object represents an array class, a primitive
1463      * type, or void,then this method returns null.
1464      *
1465      * @return the declaring class for this class
1466      * @throws SecurityException
1467      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and the caller's
1468      *         class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class
1469      *         loader for the declaring class and invocation of {@link
1470      *         SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess s.checkPackageAccess()}
1471      *         denies access to the package of the declaring class
1472      * @since 1.1
1473      */
1474     @CallerSensitive
1475     public Class<?> getDeclaringClass() throws SecurityException {
1476         final Class<?> candidate = getDeclaringClass0();
1477 
1478         if (candidate != null) {
1479             SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
1480             if (sm != null) {
1481                 candidate.checkPackageAccess(sm,
1482                     ClassLoader.getClassLoader(Reflection.getCallerClass()), true);
1483             }
1484         }
1485         return candidate;
1486     }
1487 
1488     private native Class<?> getDeclaringClass0();
1489 
1490 
1491     /**
1492      * Returns the immediately enclosing class of the underlying
1493      * class.  If the underlying class is a top level class this
1494      * method returns {@code null}.
1495      * @return the immediately enclosing class of the underlying class
1496      * @exception  SecurityException
1497      *             If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and the caller's
1498      *             class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class
1499      *             loader for the enclosing class and invocation of {@link
1500      *             SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess s.checkPackageAccess()}
1501      *             denies access to the package of the enclosing class
1502      * @since 1.5
1503      */
1504     @CallerSensitive
1505     public Class<?> getEnclosingClass() throws SecurityException {
1506         // There are five kinds of classes (or interfaces):
1507         // a) Top level classes
1508         // b) Nested classes (static member classes)
1509         // c) Inner classes (non-static member classes)
1510         // d) Local classes (named classes declared within a method)
1511         // e) Anonymous classes
1512 
1513 
1514         // JVM Spec 4.7.7: A class must have an EnclosingMethod
1515         // attribute if and only if it is a local class or an
1516         // anonymous class.
1517         EnclosingMethodInfo enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethodInfo();
1518         Class<?> enclosingCandidate;
1519 
1520         if (enclosingInfo == null) {
1521             // This is a top level or a nested class or an inner class (a, b, or c)
1522             enclosingCandidate = getDeclaringClass0();
1523         } else {
1524             Class<?> enclosingClass = enclosingInfo.getEnclosingClass();
1525             // This is a local class or an anonymous class (d or e)
1526             if (enclosingClass == this || enclosingClass == null)
1527                 throw new InternalError("Malformed enclosing method information");
1528             else
1529                 enclosingCandidate = enclosingClass;
1530         }
1531 
1532         if (enclosingCandidate != null) {
1533             SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
1534             if (sm != null) {
1535                 enclosingCandidate.checkPackageAccess(sm,
1536                     ClassLoader.getClassLoader(Reflection.getCallerClass()), true);
1537             }
1538         }
1539         return enclosingCandidate;
1540     }
1541 
1542     /**
1543      * Returns the simple name of the underlying class as given in the
1544      * source code. Returns an empty string if the underlying class is
1545      * anonymous.
1546      *
1547      * <p>The simple name of an array is the simple name of the
1548      * component type with "[]" appended.  In particular the simple
1549      * name of an array whose component type is anonymous is "[]".
1550      *
1551      * @return the simple name of the underlying class
1552      * @since 1.5
1553      */
1554     public String getSimpleName() {
1555         if (isArray())
1556             return getComponentType().getSimpleName()+"[]";
1557 
1558         String simpleName = getSimpleBinaryName();
1559         if (simpleName == null) { // top level class
1560             simpleName = getName();
1561             return simpleName.substring(simpleName.lastIndexOf('.')+1); // strip the package name
1562         }
1563         return simpleName;
1564     }
1565 
1566     /**
1567      * Return an informative string for the name of this type.
1568      *
1569      * @return an informative string for the name of this type
1570      * @since 1.8
1571      */
1572     public String getTypeName() {
1573         if (isArray()) {
1574             try {
1575                 Class<?> cl = this;
1576                 int dimensions = 0;
1577                 while (cl.isArray()) {
1578                     dimensions++;
1579                     cl = cl.getComponentType();
1580                 }
1581                 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
1582                 sb.append(cl.getName());
1583                 for (int i = 0; i < dimensions; i++) {
1584                     sb.append("[]");
1585                 }
1586                 return sb.toString();
1587             } catch (Throwable e) { /*FALLTHRU*/ }
1588         }
1589         return getName();
1590     }
1591 
1592     /**
1593      * Returns the canonical name of the underlying class as
1594      * defined by the Java Language Specification.  Returns null if
1595      * the underlying class does not have a canonical name (i.e., if
1596      * it is a local or anonymous class or an array whose component
1597      * type does not have a canonical name).
1598      * @return the canonical name of the underlying class if it exists, and
1599      * {@code null} otherwise.
1600      * @since 1.5
1601      */
1602     public String getCanonicalName() {
1603         if (isArray()) {
1604             String canonicalName = getComponentType().getCanonicalName();
1605             if (canonicalName != null)
1606                 return canonicalName + "[]";
1607             else
1608                 return null;
1609         }
1610         if (isLocalOrAnonymousClass())
1611             return null;
1612         Class<?> enclosingClass = getEnclosingClass();
1613         if (enclosingClass == null) { // top level class
1614             return getName();
1615         } else {
1616             String enclosingName = enclosingClass.getCanonicalName();
1617             if (enclosingName == null)
1618                 return null;
1619             return enclosingName + "." + getSimpleName();
1620         }
1621     }
1622 
1623     /**
1624      * Returns {@code true} if and only if the underlying class
1625      * is an anonymous class.
1626      *
1627      * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is an anonymous class.
1628      * @since 1.5
1629      */
1630     public boolean isAnonymousClass() {
1631         return !isArray() && isLocalOrAnonymousClass() &&
1632                 getSimpleBinaryName0() == null;
1633     }
1634 
1635     /**
1636      * Returns {@code true} if and only if the underlying class
1637      * is a local class.
1638      *
1639      * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is a local class.
1640      * @since 1.5
1641      */
1642     public boolean isLocalClass() {
1643         return isLocalOrAnonymousClass() &&
1644                 (isArray() || getSimpleBinaryName0() != null);
1645     }
1646 
1647     /**
1648      * Returns {@code true} if and only if the underlying class
1649      * is a member class.
1650      *
1651      * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is a member class.
1652      * @since 1.5
1653      */
1654     public boolean isMemberClass() {
1655         return !isLocalOrAnonymousClass() && getDeclaringClass0() != null;
1656     }
1657 
1658     /**
1659      * Returns the "simple binary name" of the underlying class, i.e.,
1660      * the binary name without the leading enclosing class name.
1661      * Returns {@code null} if the underlying class is a top level
1662      * class.
1663      */
1664     private String getSimpleBinaryName() {
1665         if (isTopLevelClass())
1666             return null;
1667         String name = getSimpleBinaryName0();
1668         if (name == null) // anonymous class
1669             return "";
1670         return name;
1671     }
1672 
1673     private native String getSimpleBinaryName0();
1674 
1675     /**
1676      * Returns {@code true} if this is a top level class.  Returns {@code false}
1677      * otherwise.
1678      */
1679     private boolean isTopLevelClass() {
1680         return !isLocalOrAnonymousClass() && getDeclaringClass0() == null;
1681     }
1682 
1683     /**
1684      * Returns {@code true} if this is a local class or an anonymous
1685      * class.  Returns {@code false} otherwise.
1686      */
1687     private boolean isLocalOrAnonymousClass() {
1688         // JVM Spec 4.7.7: A class must have an EnclosingMethod
1689         // attribute if and only if it is a local class or an
1690         // anonymous class.
1691         return hasEnclosingMethodInfo();
1692     }
1693 
1694     private boolean hasEnclosingMethodInfo() {
1695         Object[] enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethod0();
1696         if (enclosingInfo != null) {
1697             EnclosingMethodInfo.validate(enclosingInfo);
1698             return true;
1699         }
1700         return false;
1701     }
1702 
1703     /**
1704      * Returns an array containing {@code Class} objects representing all
1705      * the public classes and interfaces that are members of the class
1706      * represented by this {@code Class} object.  This includes public
1707      * class and interface members inherited from superclasses and public class
1708      * and interface members declared by the class.  This method returns an
1709      * array of length 0 if this {@code Class} object has no public member
1710      * classes or interfaces.  This method also returns an array of length 0 if
1711      * this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type, an array
1712      * class, or void.
1713      *
1714      * @return the array of {@code Class} objects representing the public
1715      *         members of this class
1716      * @throws SecurityException
1717      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
1718      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1719      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1720      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1721      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1722      *         of this class.
1723      *
1724      * @since 1.1
1725      */
1726     @CallerSensitive
1727     public Class<?>[] getClasses() {
1728         ensureNotValueClass();
1729 
1730         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
1731         if (sm != null) {
1732             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), false);
1733         }
1734 
1735         // Privileged so this implementation can look at DECLARED classes,
1736         // something the caller might not have privilege to do.  The code here
1737         // is allowed to look at DECLARED classes because (1) it does not hand
1738         // out anything other than public members and (2) public member access
1739         // has already been ok'd by the SecurityManager.
1740 
1741         return java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
1742             new java.security.PrivilegedAction<>() {
1743                 public Class<?>[] run() {
1744                     List<Class<?>> list = new ArrayList<>();
1745                     Class<?> currentClass = Class.this;
1746                     while (currentClass != null) {
1747                         for (Class<?> m : currentClass.getDeclaredClasses()) {
1748                             if (Modifier.isPublic(m.getModifiers())) {
1749                                 list.add(m);
1750                             }
1751                         }
1752                         currentClass = currentClass.getSuperclass();
1753                     }
1754                     return list.toArray(new Class<?>[0]);
1755                 }
1756             });
1757     }
1758 
1759 
1760     /**
1761      * Returns an array containing {@code Field} objects reflecting all
1762      * the accessible public fields of the class or interface represented by
1763      * this {@code Class} object.
1764      *
1765      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface with
1766      * no accessible public fields, then this method returns an array of length
1767      * 0.
1768      *
1769      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class, then this method
1770      * returns the public fields of the class and of all its superclasses and
1771      * superinterfaces.
1772      *
1773      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an interface, then this
1774      * method returns the fields of the interface and of all its
1775      * superinterfaces.
1776      *
1777      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, a primitive
1778      * type, or void, then this method returns an array of length 0.
1779      *
1780      * <p> The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any
1781      * particular order.
1782      *
1783      * @return the array of {@code Field} objects representing the
1784      *         public fields
1785      * @throws SecurityException
1786      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
1787      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1788      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1789      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1790      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1791      *         of this class.
1792      *
1793      * @since 1.1
1794      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
1795      * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
1796      */
1797     @CallerSensitive
1798     public Field[] getFields() throws SecurityException {
1799         ensureNotValueClass();
1800 
1801         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
1802         if (sm != null) {
1803             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1804         }
1805         return copyFields(privateGetPublicFields(null));
1806     }
1807 
1808 
1809     /**
1810      * Returns an array containing {@code Method} objects reflecting all the
1811      * public methods of the class or interface represented by this {@code
1812      * Class} object, including those declared by the class or interface and
1813      * those inherited from superclasses and superinterfaces.
1814      *
1815      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then the
1816      * returned array has a {@code Method} object for each of the public
1817      * methods inherited by the array type from {@code Object}. It does not
1818      * contain a {@code Method} object for {@code clone()}.
1819      *
1820      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an interface then the
1821      * returned array does not contain any implicitly declared methods from
1822      * {@code Object}. Therefore, if no methods are explicitly declared in
1823      * this interface or any of its superinterfaces then the returned array
1824      * has length 0. (Note that a {@code Class} object which represents a class
1825      * always has public methods, inherited from {@code Object}.)
1826      *
1827      * <p> The returned array never contains methods with names "{@code <init>}"
1828      * or "{@code <clinit>}".
1829      *
1830      * <p> The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any
1831      * particular order.
1832      *
1833      * <p> Generally, the result is computed as with the following 4 step algorithm.
1834      * Let C be the class or interface represented by this {@code Class} object:
1835      * <ol>
1836      * <li> A union of methods is composed of:
1837      *   <ol type="a">
1838      *   <li> C's declared public instance and static methods as returned by
1839      *        {@link #getDeclaredMethods()} and filtered to include only public
1840      *        methods.</li>
1841      *   <li> If C is a class other than {@code Object}, then include the result
1842      *        of invoking this algorithm recursively on the superclass of C.</li>
1843      *   <li> Include the results of invoking this algorithm recursively on all
1844      *        direct superinterfaces of C, but include only instance methods.</li>
1845      *   </ol></li>
1846      * <li> Union from step 1 is partitioned into subsets of methods with same
1847      *      signature (name, parameter types) and return type.</li>
1848      * <li> Within each such subset only the most specific methods are selected.
1849      *      Let method M be a method from a set of methods with same signature
1850      *      and return type. M is most specific if there is no such method
1851      *      N != M from the same set, such that N is more specific than M.
1852      *      N is more specific than M if:
1853      *   <ol type="a">
1854      *   <li> N is declared by a class and M is declared by an interface; or</li>
1855      *   <li> N and M are both declared by classes or both by interfaces and
1856      *        N's declaring type is the same as or a subtype of M's declaring type
1857      *        (clearly, if M's and N's declaring types are the same type, then
1858      *        M and N are the same method).</li>
1859      *   </ol></li>
1860      * <li> The result of this algorithm is the union of all selected methods from
1861      *      step 3.</li>
1862      * </ol>
1863      *
1864      * @apiNote There may be more than one method with a particular name
1865      * and parameter types in a class because while the Java language forbids a
1866      * class to declare multiple methods with the same signature but different
1867      * return types, the Java virtual machine does not.  This
1868      * increased flexibility in the virtual machine can be used to
1869      * implement various language features.  For example, covariant
1870      * returns can be implemented with {@linkplain
1871      * java.lang.reflect.Method#isBridge bridge methods}; the bridge
1872      * method and the overriding method would have the same
1873      * signature but different return types.
1874      *
1875      * @return the array of {@code Method} objects representing the
1876      *         public methods of this class
1877      * @throws SecurityException
1878      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
1879      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1880      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1881      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1882      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1883      *         of this class.
1884      *
1885      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
1886      * @jls 8.4 Method Declarations
1887      * @since 1.1
1888      */
1889     @CallerSensitive
1890     public Method[] getMethods() throws SecurityException {
1891         ensureNotValueClass();
1892 
1893         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
1894         if (sm != null) {
1895             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1896         }
1897         return copyMethods(privateGetPublicMethods());
1898     }
1899 
1900 
1901     /**
1902      * Returns an array containing {@code Constructor} objects reflecting
1903      * all the public constructors of the class represented by this
1904      * {@code Class} object.  An array of length 0 is returned if the
1905      * class has no public constructors, or if the class is an array class, or
1906      * if the class reflects a primitive type or void.
1907      *
1908      * Note that while this method returns an array of {@code
1909      * Constructor<T>} objects (that is an array of constructors from
1910      * this class), the return type of this method is {@code
1911      * Constructor<?>[]} and <em>not</em> {@code Constructor<T>[]} as
1912      * might be expected.  This less informative return type is
1913      * necessary since after being returned from this method, the
1914      * array could be modified to hold {@code Constructor} objects for
1915      * different classes, which would violate the type guarantees of
1916      * {@code Constructor<T>[]}.
1917      *
1918      * @return the array of {@code Constructor} objects representing the
1919      *         public constructors of this class
1920      * @throws SecurityException
1921      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
1922      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1923      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1924      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1925      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1926      *         of this class.
1927      *
1928      * @since 1.1
1929      */
1930     @CallerSensitive
1931     public Constructor<?>[] getConstructors() throws SecurityException {
1932         ensureNotValueClass();
1933 
1934         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
1935         if (sm != null) {
1936             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1937         }
1938         return copyConstructors(privateGetDeclaredConstructors(true));
1939     }
1940 
1941 
1942     /**
1943      * Returns a {@code Field} object that reflects the specified public member
1944      * field of the class or interface represented by this {@code Class}
1945      * object. The {@code name} parameter is a {@code String} specifying the
1946      * simple name of the desired field.
1947      *
1948      * <p> The field to be reflected is determined by the algorithm that
1949      * follows.  Let C be the class or interface represented by this object:
1950      *
1951      * <OL>
1952      * <LI> If C declares a public field with the name specified, that is the
1953      *      field to be reflected.</LI>
1954      * <LI> If no field was found in step 1 above, this algorithm is applied
1955      *      recursively to each direct superinterface of C. The direct
1956      *      superinterfaces are searched in the order they were declared.</LI>
1957      * <LI> If no field was found in steps 1 and 2 above, and C has a
1958      *      superclass S, then this algorithm is invoked recursively upon S.
1959      *      If C has no superclass, then a {@code NoSuchFieldException}
1960      *      is thrown.</LI>
1961      * </OL>
1962      *
1963      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then this
1964      * method does not find the {@code length} field of the array type.
1965      *
1966      * @param name the field name
1967      * @return the {@code Field} object of this class specified by
1968      *         {@code name}
1969      * @throws NoSuchFieldException if a field with the specified name is
1970      *         not found.
1971      * @throws NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
1972      * @throws SecurityException
1973      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
1974      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1975      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1976      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1977      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1978      *         of this class.
1979      *
1980      * @since 1.1
1981      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
1982      * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
1983      */
1984     @CallerSensitive
1985     public Field getField(String name)
1986         throws NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException {
1987         ensureNotValueClass();
1988 
1989         Objects.requireNonNull(name);
1990         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
1991         if (sm != null) {
1992             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1993         }
1994         Field field = getField0(name);
1995         if (field == null) {
1996             throw new NoSuchFieldException(name);
1997         }
1998         return getReflectionFactory().copyField(field);
1999     }
2000 
2001 
2002     /**
2003      * Returns a {@code Method} object that reflects the specified public
2004      * member method of the class or interface represented by this
2005      * {@code Class} object. The {@code name} parameter is a
2006      * {@code String} specifying the simple name of the desired method. The
2007      * {@code parameterTypes} parameter is an array of {@code Class}
2008      * objects that identify the method's formal parameter types, in declared
2009      * order. If {@code parameterTypes} is {@code null}, it is
2010      * treated as if it were an empty array.
2011      *
2012      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then this
2013      * method finds any public method inherited by the array type from
2014      * {@code Object} except method {@code clone()}.
2015      *
2016      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an interface then this
2017      * method does not find any implicitly declared method from
2018      * {@code Object}. Therefore, if no methods are explicitly declared in
2019      * this interface or any of its superinterfaces, then this method does not
2020      * find any method.
2021      *
2022      * <p> This method does not find any method with name "{@code <init>}" or
2023      * "{@code <clinit>}".
2024      *
2025      * <p> Generally, the method to be reflected is determined by the 4 step
2026      * algorithm that follows.
2027      * Let C be the class or interface represented by this {@code Class} object:
2028      * <ol>
2029      * <li> A union of methods is composed of:
2030      *   <ol type="a">
2031      *   <li> C's declared public instance and static methods as returned by
2032      *        {@link #getDeclaredMethods()} and filtered to include only public
2033      *        methods that match given {@code name} and {@code parameterTypes}</li>
2034      *   <li> If C is a class other than {@code Object}, then include the result
2035      *        of invoking this algorithm recursively on the superclass of C.</li>
2036      *   <li> Include the results of invoking this algorithm recursively on all
2037      *        direct superinterfaces of C, but include only instance methods.</li>
2038      *   </ol></li>
2039      * <li> This union is partitioned into subsets of methods with same
2040      *      return type (the selection of methods from step 1 also guarantees that
2041      *      they have the same method name and parameter types).</li>
2042      * <li> Within each such subset only the most specific methods are selected.
2043      *      Let method M be a method from a set of methods with same VM
2044      *      signature (return type, name, parameter types).
2045      *      M is most specific if there is no such method N != M from the same
2046      *      set, such that N is more specific than M. N is more specific than M
2047      *      if:
2048      *   <ol type="a">
2049      *   <li> N is declared by a class and M is declared by an interface; or</li>
2050      *   <li> N and M are both declared by classes or both by interfaces and
2051      *        N's declaring type is the same as or a subtype of M's declaring type
2052      *        (clearly, if M's and N's declaring types are the same type, then
2053      *        M and N are the same method).</li>
2054      *   </ol></li>
2055      * <li> The result of this algorithm is chosen arbitrarily from the methods
2056      *      with most specific return type among all selected methods from step 3.
2057      *      Let R be a return type of a method M from the set of all selected methods
2058      *      from step 3. M is a method with most specific return type if there is
2059      *      no such method N != M from the same set, having return type S != R,
2060      *      such that S is a subtype of R as determined by
2061      *      R.class.{@link #isAssignableFrom}(S.class).
2062      * </ol>
2063      *
2064      * @apiNote There may be more than one method with matching name and
2065      * parameter types in a class because while the Java language forbids a
2066      * class to declare multiple methods with the same signature but different
2067      * return types, the Java virtual machine does not.  This
2068      * increased flexibility in the virtual machine can be used to
2069      * implement various language features.  For example, covariant
2070      * returns can be implemented with {@linkplain
2071      * java.lang.reflect.Method#isBridge bridge methods}; the bridge
2072      * method and the overriding method would have the same
2073      * signature but different return types. This method would return the
2074      * overriding method as it would have a more specific return type.
2075      *
2076      * @param name the name of the method
2077      * @param parameterTypes the list of parameters
2078      * @return the {@code Method} object that matches the specified
2079      *         {@code name} and {@code parameterTypes}
2080      * @throws NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found
2081      *         or if the name is "&lt;init&gt;"or "&lt;clinit&gt;".
2082      * @throws NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
2083      * @throws SecurityException
2084      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
2085      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2086      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2087      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2088      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2089      *         of this class.
2090      *
2091      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
2092      * @jls 8.4 Method Declarations
2093      * @since 1.1
2094      */
2095     @CallerSensitive
2096     public Method getMethod(String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes)
2097         throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
2098         ensureNotValueClass();
2099 
2100         Objects.requireNonNull(name);
2101         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2102         if (sm != null) {
2103             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2104         }
2105         Method method = getMethod0(name, parameterTypes);
2106         if (method == null) {
2107             throw new NoSuchMethodException(methodToString(name, parameterTypes));
2108         }
2109         return getReflectionFactory().copyMethod(method);
2110     }
2111 
2112     /**
2113      * Returns a {@code Method} object that reflects the specified public
2114      * member method of the class or interface represented by this
2115      * {@code Class} object.
2116      *
2117      * @param name the name of the method
2118      * @param parameterTypes the list of parameters
2119      * @return the {@code Method} object that matches the specified
2120      *         {@code name} and {@code parameterTypes}; {@code null}
2121      *         if the method is not found or the name is
2122      *         "&lt;init&gt;"or "&lt;clinit&gt;".
2123      */
2124     Method getMethodOrNull(String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes) {
2125         Objects.requireNonNull(name);
2126         Method method = getMethod0(name, parameterTypes);
2127         return method == null ? null : getReflectionFactory().copyMethod(method);
2128     }
2129 
2130 
2131     /**
2132      * Returns a {@code Constructor} object that reflects the specified
2133      * public constructor of the class represented by this {@code Class}
2134      * object. The {@code parameterTypes} parameter is an array of
2135      * {@code Class} objects that identify the constructor's formal
2136      * parameter types, in declared order.
2137      *
2138      * If this {@code Class} object represents an inner class
2139      * declared in a non-static context, the formal parameter types
2140      * include the explicit enclosing instance as the first parameter.
2141      *
2142      * <p> The constructor to reflect is the public constructor of the class
2143      * represented by this {@code Class} object whose formal parameter
2144      * types match those specified by {@code parameterTypes}.
2145      *
2146      * @param parameterTypes the parameter array
2147      * @return the {@code Constructor} object of the public constructor that
2148      *         matches the specified {@code parameterTypes}
2149      * @throws NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found.
2150      * @throws SecurityException
2151      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
2152      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2153      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2154      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2155      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2156      *         of this class.
2157      *
2158      * @since 1.1
2159      */
2160     @CallerSensitive
2161     public Constructor<T> getConstructor(Class<?>... parameterTypes)
2162         throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException
2163     {
2164         ensureNotValueClass();
2165 
2166         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2167         if (sm != null) {
2168             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2169         }
2170         return getReflectionFactory().copyConstructor(
2171             getConstructor0(parameterTypes, Member.PUBLIC));
2172     }
2173 
2174 
2175     /**
2176      * Returns an array of {@code Class} objects reflecting all the
2177      * classes and interfaces declared as members of the class represented by
2178      * this {@code Class} object. This includes public, protected, default
2179      * (package) access, and private classes and interfaces declared by the
2180      * class, but excludes inherited classes and interfaces.  This method
2181      * returns an array of length 0 if the class declares no classes or
2182      * interfaces as members, or if this {@code Class} object represents a
2183      * primitive type, an array class, or void.
2184      *
2185      * @return the array of {@code Class} objects representing all the
2186      *         declared members of this class
2187      * @throws SecurityException
2188      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2189      *         following conditions is met:
2190      *
2191      *         <ul>
2192      *
2193      *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2194      *         class loader of this class and invocation of
2195      *         {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2196      *         s.checkPermission} method with
2197      *         {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2198      *         denies access to the declared classes within this class
2199      *
2200      *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2201      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2202      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2203      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2204      *         of this class
2205      *
2206      *         </ul>
2207      *
2208      * @since 1.1
2209      */
2210     @CallerSensitive
2211     public Class<?>[] getDeclaredClasses() throws SecurityException {
2212         ensureNotValueClass();
2213 
2214         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2215         if (sm != null) {
2216             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), false);
2217         }
2218         return getDeclaredClasses0();
2219     }
2220 
2221 
2222     /**
2223      * Returns an array of {@code Field} objects reflecting all the fields
2224      * declared by the class or interface represented by this
2225      * {@code Class} object. This includes public, protected, default
2226      * (package) access, and private fields, but excludes inherited fields.
2227      *
2228      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface with no
2229      * declared fields, then this method returns an array of length 0.
2230      *
2231      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, a primitive
2232      * type, or void, then this method returns an array of length 0.
2233      *
2234      * <p> The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any
2235      * particular order.
2236      *
2237      * @return  the array of {@code Field} objects representing all the
2238      *          declared fields of this class
2239      * @throws  SecurityException
2240      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2241      *          following conditions is met:
2242      *
2243      *          <ul>
2244      *
2245      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2246      *          class loader of this class and invocation of
2247      *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2248      *          s.checkPermission} method with
2249      *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2250      *          denies access to the declared fields within this class
2251      *
2252      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2253      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2254      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2255      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2256      *          of this class
2257      *
2258      *          </ul>
2259      *
2260      * @since 1.1
2261      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
2262      * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
2263      */
2264     @CallerSensitive
2265     public Field[] getDeclaredFields() throws SecurityException {
2266         ensureNotValueClass();
2267 
2268         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2269         if (sm != null) {
2270             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2271         }
2272         return copyFields(privateGetDeclaredFields(false));
2273     }
2274 
2275 
2276     /**
2277      *
2278      * Returns an array containing {@code Method} objects reflecting all the
2279      * declared methods of the class or interface represented by this {@code
2280      * Class} object, including public, protected, default (package)
2281      * access, and private methods, but excluding inherited methods.
2282      *
2283      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a type that has multiple
2284      * declared methods with the same name and parameter types, but different
2285      * return types, then the returned array has a {@code Method} object for
2286      * each such method.
2287      *
2288      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a type that has a class
2289      * initialization method {@code <clinit>}, then the returned array does
2290      * <em>not</em> have a corresponding {@code Method} object.
2291      *
2292      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface with no
2293      * declared methods, then the returned array has length 0.
2294      *
2295      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, a primitive
2296      * type, or void, then the returned array has length 0.
2297      *
2298      * <p> The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any
2299      * particular order.
2300      *
2301      * @return  the array of {@code Method} objects representing all the
2302      *          declared methods of this class
2303      * @throws  SecurityException
2304      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2305      *          following conditions is met:
2306      *
2307      *          <ul>
2308      *
2309      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2310      *          class loader of this class and invocation of
2311      *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2312      *          s.checkPermission} method with
2313      *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2314      *          denies access to the declared methods within this class
2315      *
2316      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2317      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2318      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2319      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2320      *          of this class
2321      *
2322      *          </ul>
2323      *
2324      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
2325      * @jls 8.4 Method Declarations
2326      * @since 1.1
2327      */
2328     @CallerSensitive
2329     public Method[] getDeclaredMethods() throws SecurityException {
2330         ensureNotValueClass();
2331 
2332         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2333         if (sm != null) {
2334             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2335         }
2336         return copyMethods(privateGetDeclaredMethods(false));
2337     }
2338 
2339 
2340     /**
2341      * Returns an array of {@code Constructor} objects reflecting all the
2342      * constructors declared by the class represented by this
2343      * {@code Class} object. These are public, protected, default
2344      * (package) access, and private constructors.  The elements in the array
2345      * returned are not sorted and are not in any particular order.  If the
2346      * class has a default constructor, it is included in the returned array.
2347      * This method returns an array of length 0 if this {@code Class}
2348      * object represents an interface, a primitive type, an array class, or
2349      * void.
2350      *
2351      * <p> See <em>The Java Language Specification</em>, section 8.2.
2352      *
2353      * @return  the array of {@code Constructor} objects representing all the
2354      *          declared constructors of this class
2355      * @throws  SecurityException
2356      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2357      *          following conditions is met:
2358      *
2359      *          <ul>
2360      *
2361      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2362      *          class loader of this class and invocation of
2363      *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2364      *          s.checkPermission} method with
2365      *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2366      *          denies access to the declared constructors within this class
2367      *
2368      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2369      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2370      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2371      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2372      *          of this class
2373      *
2374      *          </ul>
2375      *
2376      * @since 1.1
2377      */
2378     @CallerSensitive
2379     public Constructor<?>[] getDeclaredConstructors() throws SecurityException {
2380         ensureNotValueClass();
2381 
2382         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2383         if (sm != null) {
2384             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2385         }
2386         return copyConstructors(privateGetDeclaredConstructors(false));
2387     }
2388 
2389 
2390     /**
2391      * Returns a {@code Field} object that reflects the specified declared
2392      * field of the class or interface represented by this {@code Class}
2393      * object. The {@code name} parameter is a {@code String} that specifies
2394      * the simple name of the desired field.
2395      *
2396      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then this
2397      * method does not find the {@code length} field of the array type.
2398      *
2399      * @param name the name of the field
2400      * @return  the {@code Field} object for the specified field in this
2401      *          class
2402      * @throws  NoSuchFieldException if a field with the specified name is
2403      *          not found.
2404      * @throws  NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
2405      * @throws  SecurityException
2406      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2407      *          following conditions is met:
2408      *
2409      *          <ul>
2410      *
2411      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2412      *          class loader of this class and invocation of
2413      *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2414      *          s.checkPermission} method with
2415      *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2416      *          denies access to the declared field
2417      *
2418      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2419      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2420      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2421      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2422      *          of this class
2423      *
2424      *          </ul>
2425      *
2426      * @since 1.1
2427      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
2428      * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
2429      */
2430     @CallerSensitive
2431     public Field getDeclaredField(String name)
2432         throws NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException {
2433         ensureNotValueClass();
2434 
2435         Objects.requireNonNull(name);
2436         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2437         if (sm != null) {
2438             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2439         }
2440         Field field = searchFields(privateGetDeclaredFields(false), name);
2441         if (field == null) {
2442             throw new NoSuchFieldException(name);
2443         }
2444         return getReflectionFactory().copyField(field);
2445     }
2446 
2447 
2448     /**
2449      * Returns a {@code Method} object that reflects the specified
2450      * declared method of the class or interface represented by this
2451      * {@code Class} object. The {@code name} parameter is a
2452      * {@code String} that specifies the simple name of the desired
2453      * method, and the {@code parameterTypes} parameter is an array of
2454      * {@code Class} objects that identify the method's formal parameter
2455      * types, in declared order.  If more than one method with the same
2456      * parameter types is declared in a class, and one of these methods has a
2457      * return type that is more specific than any of the others, that method is
2458      * returned; otherwise one of the methods is chosen arbitrarily.  If the
2459      * name is "&lt;init&gt;"or "&lt;clinit&gt;" a {@code NoSuchMethodException}
2460      * is raised.
2461      *
2462      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then this
2463      * method does not find the {@code clone()} method.
2464      *
2465      * @param name the name of the method
2466      * @param parameterTypes the parameter array
2467      * @return  the {@code Method} object for the method of this class
2468      *          matching the specified name and parameters
2469      * @throws  NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found.
2470      * @throws  NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
2471      * @throws  SecurityException
2472      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2473      *          following conditions is met:
2474      *
2475      *          <ul>
2476      *
2477      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2478      *          class loader of this class and invocation of
2479      *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2480      *          s.checkPermission} method with
2481      *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2482      *          denies access to the declared method
2483      *
2484      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2485      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2486      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2487      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2488      *          of this class
2489      *
2490      *          </ul>
2491      *
2492      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
2493      * @jls 8.4 Method Declarations
2494      * @since 1.1
2495      */
2496     @CallerSensitive
2497     public Method getDeclaredMethod(String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes)
2498         throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
2499         ensureNotValueClass();
2500 
2501         Objects.requireNonNull(name);
2502         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2503         if (sm != null) {
2504             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2505         }
2506         Method method = searchMethods(privateGetDeclaredMethods(false), name, parameterTypes);
2507         if (method == null) {
2508             throw new NoSuchMethodException(methodToString(name, parameterTypes));
2509         }
2510         return getReflectionFactory().copyMethod(method);
2511     }
2512 
2513 
2514     /**
2515      * Returns a {@code Constructor} object that reflects the specified
2516      * constructor of the class or interface represented by this
2517      * {@code Class} object.  The {@code parameterTypes} parameter is
2518      * an array of {@code Class} objects that identify the constructor's
2519      * formal parameter types, in declared order.
2520      *
2521      * If this {@code Class} object represents an inner class
2522      * declared in a non-static context, the formal parameter types
2523      * include the explicit enclosing instance as the first parameter.
2524      *
2525      * @param parameterTypes the parameter array
2526      * @return  The {@code Constructor} object for the constructor with the
2527      *          specified parameter list
2528      * @throws  NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found.
2529      * @throws  SecurityException
2530      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2531      *          following conditions is met:
2532      *
2533      *          <ul>
2534      *
2535      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2536      *          class loader of this class and invocation of
2537      *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2538      *          s.checkPermission} method with
2539      *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2540      *          denies access to the declared constructor
2541      *
2542      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2543      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2544      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2545      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2546      *          of this class
2547      *
2548      *          </ul>
2549      *
2550      * @since 1.1
2551      */
2552     @CallerSensitive
2553     public Constructor<T> getDeclaredConstructor(Class<?>... parameterTypes)
2554         throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException
2555     {
2556         ensureNotValueClass();
2557 
2558         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2559         if (sm != null) {
2560             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2561         }
2562 
2563         return getReflectionFactory().copyConstructor(
2564             getConstructor0(parameterTypes, Member.DECLARED));
2565     }
2566 
2567     /**
2568      * Finds a resource with a given name.
2569      *
2570      * <p> If this class is in a named {@link Module Module} then this method
2571      * will attempt to find the resource in the module. This is done by
2572      * delegating to the module's class loader {@link
2573      * ClassLoader#findResource(String,String) findResource(String,String)}
2574      * method, invoking it with the module name and the absolute name of the
2575      * resource. Resources in named modules are subject to the rules for
2576      * encapsulation specified in the {@code Module} {@link
2577      * Module#getResourceAsStream getResourceAsStream} method and so this
2578      * method returns {@code null} when the resource is a
2579      * non-"{@code .class}" resource in a package that is not open to the
2580      * caller's module.
2581      *
2582      * <p> Otherwise, if this class is not in a named module then the rules for
2583      * searching resources associated with a given class are implemented by the
2584      * defining {@linkplain ClassLoader class loader} of the class.  This method
2585      * delegates to this object's class loader.  If this object was loaded by
2586      * the bootstrap class loader, the method delegates to {@link
2587      * ClassLoader#getSystemResourceAsStream}.
2588      *
2589      * <p> Before delegation, an absolute resource name is constructed from the
2590      * given resource name using this algorithm:
2591      *
2592      * <ul>
2593      *
2594      * <li> If the {@code name} begins with a {@code '/'}
2595      * (<code>'\u002f'</code>), then the absolute name of the resource is the
2596      * portion of the {@code name} following the {@code '/'}.
2597      *
2598      * <li> Otherwise, the absolute name is of the following form:
2599      *
2600      * <blockquote>
2601      *   {@code modified_package_name/name}
2602      * </blockquote>
2603      *
2604      * <p> Where the {@code modified_package_name} is the package name of this
2605      * object with {@code '/'} substituted for {@code '.'}
2606      * (<code>'\u002e'</code>).
2607      *
2608      * </ul>
2609      *
2610      * @param  name name of the desired resource
2611      * @return  A {@link java.io.InputStream} object; {@code null} if no
2612      *          resource with this name is found, the resource is in a package
2613      *          that is not {@link Module#isOpen(String, Module) open} to at
2614      *          least the caller module, or access to the resource is denied
2615      *          by the security manager.
2616      * @throws  NullPointerException If {@code name} is {@code null}
2617      *
2618      * @see Module#getResourceAsStream(String)
2619      * @since  1.1
2620      * @revised 9
2621      * @spec JPMS
2622      */
2623     @CallerSensitive
2624     public InputStream getResourceAsStream(String name) {
2625         name = resolveName(name);
2626 
2627         Module thisModule = getModule();
2628         if (thisModule.isNamed()) {
2629             // check if resource can be located by caller
2630             if (Resources.canEncapsulate(name)
2631                 && !isOpenToCaller(name, Reflection.getCallerClass())) {
2632                 return null;
2633             }
2634 
2635             // resource not encapsulated or in package open to caller
2636             String mn = thisModule.getName();
2637             ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader0();
2638             try {
2639 
2640                 // special-case built-in class loaders to avoid the
2641                 // need for a URL connection
2642                 if (cl == null) {
2643                     return BootLoader.findResourceAsStream(mn, name);
2644                 } else if (cl instanceof BuiltinClassLoader) {
2645                     return ((BuiltinClassLoader) cl).findResourceAsStream(mn, name);
2646                 } else {
2647                     URL url = cl.findResource(mn, name);
2648                     return (url != null) ? url.openStream() : null;
2649                 }
2650 
2651             } catch (IOException | SecurityException e) {
2652                 return null;
2653             }
2654         }
2655 
2656         // unnamed module
2657         ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader0();
2658         if (cl == null) {
2659             return ClassLoader.getSystemResourceAsStream(name);
2660         } else {
2661             return cl.getResourceAsStream(name);
2662         }
2663     }
2664 
2665     /**
2666      * Finds a resource with a given name.
2667      *
2668      * <p> If this class is in a named {@link Module Module} then this method
2669      * will attempt to find the resource in the module. This is done by
2670      * delegating to the module's class loader {@link
2671      * ClassLoader#findResource(String,String) findResource(String,String)}
2672      * method, invoking it with the module name and the absolute name of the
2673      * resource. Resources in named modules are subject to the rules for
2674      * encapsulation specified in the {@code Module} {@link
2675      * Module#getResourceAsStream getResourceAsStream} method and so this
2676      * method returns {@code null} when the resource is a
2677      * non-"{@code .class}" resource in a package that is not open to the
2678      * caller's module.
2679      *
2680      * <p> Otherwise, if this class is not in a named module then the rules for
2681      * searching resources associated with a given class are implemented by the
2682      * defining {@linkplain ClassLoader class loader} of the class.  This method
2683      * delegates to this object's class loader. If this object was loaded by
2684      * the bootstrap class loader, the method delegates to {@link
2685      * ClassLoader#getSystemResource}.
2686      *
2687      * <p> Before delegation, an absolute resource name is constructed from the
2688      * given resource name using this algorithm:
2689      *
2690      * <ul>
2691      *
2692      * <li> If the {@code name} begins with a {@code '/'}
2693      * (<code>'\u002f'</code>), then the absolute name of the resource is the
2694      * portion of the {@code name} following the {@code '/'}.
2695      *
2696      * <li> Otherwise, the absolute name is of the following form:
2697      *
2698      * <blockquote>
2699      *   {@code modified_package_name/name}
2700      * </blockquote>
2701      *
2702      * <p> Where the {@code modified_package_name} is the package name of this
2703      * object with {@code '/'} substituted for {@code '.'}
2704      * (<code>'\u002e'</code>).
2705      *
2706      * </ul>
2707      *
2708      * @param  name name of the desired resource
2709      * @return A {@link java.net.URL} object; {@code null} if no resource with
2710      *         this name is found, the resource cannot be located by a URL, the
2711      *         resource is in a package that is not
2712      *         {@link Module#isOpen(String, Module) open} to at least the caller
2713      *         module, or access to the resource is denied by the security
2714      *         manager.
2715      * @throws NullPointerException If {@code name} is {@code null}
2716      * @since  1.1
2717      * @revised 9
2718      * @spec JPMS
2719      */
2720     @CallerSensitive
2721     public URL getResource(String name) {
2722         name = resolveName(name);
2723 
2724         Module thisModule = getModule();
2725         if (thisModule.isNamed()) {
2726             // check if resource can be located by caller
2727             if (Resources.canEncapsulate(name)
2728                 && !isOpenToCaller(name, Reflection.getCallerClass())) {
2729                 return null;
2730             }
2731 
2732             // resource not encapsulated or in package open to caller
2733             String mn = thisModule.getName();
2734             ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader0();
2735             try {
2736                 if (cl == null) {
2737                     return BootLoader.findResource(mn, name);
2738                 } else {
2739                     return cl.findResource(mn, name);
2740                 }
2741             } catch (IOException ioe) {
2742                 return null;
2743             }
2744         }
2745 
2746         // unnamed module
2747         ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader0();
2748         if (cl == null) {
2749             return ClassLoader.getSystemResource(name);
2750         } else {
2751             return cl.getResource(name);
2752         }
2753     }
2754 
2755     /**
2756      * Returns true if a resource with the given name can be located by the
2757      * given caller. All resources in a module can be located by code in
2758      * the module. For other callers, then the package needs to be open to
2759      * the caller.
2760      */
2761     private boolean isOpenToCaller(String name, Class<?> caller) {
2762         // assert getModule().isNamed();
2763         Module thisModule = getModule();
2764         Module callerModule = (caller != null) ? caller.getModule() : null;
2765         if (callerModule != thisModule) {
2766             String pn = Resources.toPackageName(name);
2767             if (thisModule.getDescriptor().packages().contains(pn)) {
2768                 if (callerModule == null && !thisModule.isOpen(pn)) {
2769                     // no caller, package not open
2770                     return false;
2771                 }
2772                 if (!thisModule.isOpen(pn, callerModule)) {
2773                     // package not open to caller
2774                     return false;
2775                 }
2776             }
2777         }
2778         return true;
2779     }
2780 
2781 
2782     /** protection domain returned when the internal domain is null */
2783     private static java.security.ProtectionDomain allPermDomain;
2784 
2785     /**
2786      * Returns the {@code ProtectionDomain} of this class.  If there is a
2787      * security manager installed, this method first calls the security
2788      * manager's {@code checkPermission} method with a
2789      * {@code RuntimePermission("getProtectionDomain")} permission to
2790      * ensure it's ok to get the
2791      * {@code ProtectionDomain}.
2792      *
2793      * @return the ProtectionDomain of this class
2794      *
2795      * @throws SecurityException
2796      *        if a security manager exists and its
2797      *        {@code checkPermission} method doesn't allow
2798      *        getting the ProtectionDomain.
2799      *
2800      * @see java.security.ProtectionDomain
2801      * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
2802      * @see java.lang.RuntimePermission
2803      * @since 1.2
2804      */
2805     public java.security.ProtectionDomain getProtectionDomain() {
2806         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2807         if (sm != null) {
2808             sm.checkPermission(SecurityConstants.GET_PD_PERMISSION);
2809         }
2810         java.security.ProtectionDomain pd = getProtectionDomain0();
2811         if (pd == null) {
2812             if (allPermDomain == null) {
2813                 java.security.Permissions perms =
2814                     new java.security.Permissions();
2815                 perms.add(SecurityConstants.ALL_PERMISSION);
2816                 allPermDomain =
2817                     new java.security.ProtectionDomain(null, perms);
2818             }
2819             pd = allPermDomain;
2820         }
2821         return pd;
2822     }
2823 
2824 
2825     /**
2826      * Returns the ProtectionDomain of this class.
2827      */
2828     private native java.security.ProtectionDomain getProtectionDomain0();
2829 
2830     /*
2831      * Return the Virtual Machine's Class object for the named
2832      * primitive type.
2833      */
2834     static native Class<?> getPrimitiveClass(String name);
2835 
2836     /*
2837      * Check if client is allowed to access members.  If access is denied,
2838      * throw a SecurityException.
2839      *
2840      * This method also enforces package access.
2841      *
2842      * <p> Default policy: allow all clients access with normal Java access
2843      * control.
2844      *
2845      * <p> NOTE: should only be called if a SecurityManager is installed
2846      */
2847     private void checkMemberAccess(SecurityManager sm, int which,
2848                                    Class<?> caller, boolean checkProxyInterfaces) {
2849         /* Default policy allows access to all {@link Member#PUBLIC} members,
2850          * as well as access to classes that have the same class loader as the caller.
2851          * In all other cases, it requires RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")
2852          * permission.
2853          */
2854         final ClassLoader ccl = ClassLoader.getClassLoader(caller);
2855         if (which != Member.PUBLIC) {
2856             final ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader0();
2857             if (ccl != cl) {
2858                 sm.checkPermission(SecurityConstants.CHECK_MEMBER_ACCESS_PERMISSION);
2859             }
2860         }
2861         this.checkPackageAccess(sm, ccl, checkProxyInterfaces);
2862     }
2863 
2864     /*
2865      * Checks if a client loaded in ClassLoader ccl is allowed to access this
2866      * class under the current package access policy. If access is denied,
2867      * throw a SecurityException.
2868      *
2869      * NOTE: this method should only be called if a SecurityManager is active
2870      */
2871     private void checkPackageAccess(SecurityManager sm, final ClassLoader ccl,
2872                                     boolean checkProxyInterfaces) {
2873         final ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader0();
2874 
2875         if (ReflectUtil.needsPackageAccessCheck(ccl, cl)) {
2876             String pkg = this.getPackageName();
2877             if (pkg != null && !pkg.isEmpty()) {
2878                 // skip the package access check on a proxy class in default proxy package
2879                 if (!Proxy.isProxyClass(this) || ReflectUtil.isNonPublicProxyClass(this)) {
2880                     sm.checkPackageAccess(pkg);
2881                 }
2882             }
2883         }
2884         // check package access on the proxy interfaces
2885         if (checkProxyInterfaces && Proxy.isProxyClass(this)) {
2886             ReflectUtil.checkProxyPackageAccess(ccl, this.getInterfaces());
2887         }
2888     }
2889 
2890     /**
2891      * Add a package name prefix if the name is not absolute Remove leading "/"
2892      * if name is absolute
2893      */
2894     private String resolveName(String name) {
2895         if (!name.startsWith("/")) {
2896             Class<?> c = this;
2897             while (c.isArray()) {
2898                 c = c.getComponentType();
2899             }
2900             String baseName = c.getPackageName();
2901             if (baseName != null && !baseName.isEmpty()) {
2902                 name = baseName.replace('.', '/') + "/" + name;
2903             }
2904         } else {
2905             name = name.substring(1);
2906         }
2907         return name;
2908     }
2909 
2910     /**
2911      * Atomic operations support.
2912      */
2913     private static class Atomic {
2914         // initialize Unsafe machinery here, since we need to call Class.class instance method
2915         // and have to avoid calling it in the static initializer of the Class class...
2916         private static final Unsafe unsafe = Unsafe.getUnsafe();
2917         // offset of Class.reflectionData instance field
2918         private static final long reflectionDataOffset;
2919         // offset of Class.annotationType instance field
2920         private static final long annotationTypeOffset;
2921         // offset of Class.annotationData instance field
2922         private static final long annotationDataOffset;
2923 
2924         static {
2925             Field[] fields = Class.class.getDeclaredFields0(false); // bypass caches
2926             reflectionDataOffset = objectFieldOffset(fields, "reflectionData");
2927             annotationTypeOffset = objectFieldOffset(fields, "annotationType");
2928             annotationDataOffset = objectFieldOffset(fields, "annotationData");
2929         }
2930 
2931         private static long objectFieldOffset(Field[] fields, String fieldName) {
2932             Field field = searchFields(fields, fieldName);
2933             if (field == null) {
2934                 throw new Error("No " + fieldName + " field found in java.lang.Class");
2935             }
2936             return unsafe.objectFieldOffset(field);
2937         }
2938 
2939         static <T> boolean casReflectionData(Class<?> clazz,
2940                                              SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> oldData,
2941                                              SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> newData) {
2942             return unsafe.compareAndSetObject(clazz, reflectionDataOffset, oldData, newData);
2943         }
2944 
2945         static <T> boolean casAnnotationType(Class<?> clazz,
2946                                              AnnotationType oldType,
2947                                              AnnotationType newType) {
2948             return unsafe.compareAndSetObject(clazz, annotationTypeOffset, oldType, newType);
2949         }
2950 
2951         static <T> boolean casAnnotationData(Class<?> clazz,
2952                                              AnnotationData oldData,
2953                                              AnnotationData newData) {
2954             return unsafe.compareAndSetObject(clazz, annotationDataOffset, oldData, newData);
2955         }
2956     }
2957 
2958     /**
2959      * Reflection support.
2960      */
2961 
2962     // reflection data that might get invalidated when JVM TI RedefineClasses() is called
2963     private static class ReflectionData<T> {
2964         volatile Field[] declaredFields;
2965         volatile Field[] publicFields;
2966         volatile Method[] declaredMethods;
2967         volatile Method[] publicMethods;
2968         volatile Constructor<T>[] declaredConstructors;
2969         volatile Constructor<T>[] publicConstructors;
2970         // Intermediate results for getFields and getMethods
2971         volatile Field[] declaredPublicFields;
2972         volatile Method[] declaredPublicMethods;
2973         volatile Class<?>[] interfaces;
2974 
2975         // Value of classRedefinedCount when we created this ReflectionData instance
2976         final int redefinedCount;
2977 
2978         ReflectionData(int redefinedCount) {
2979             this.redefinedCount = redefinedCount;
2980         }
2981     }
2982 
2983     private transient volatile SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> reflectionData;
2984 
2985     // Incremented by the VM on each call to JVM TI RedefineClasses()
2986     // that redefines this class or a superclass.
2987     private transient volatile int classRedefinedCount;
2988 
2989     // Lazily create and cache ReflectionData
2990     private ReflectionData<T> reflectionData() {
2991         SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> reflectionData = this.reflectionData;
2992         int classRedefinedCount = this.classRedefinedCount;
2993         ReflectionData<T> rd;
2994         if (reflectionData != null &&
2995             (rd = reflectionData.get()) != null &&
2996             rd.redefinedCount == classRedefinedCount) {
2997             return rd;
2998         }
2999         // else no SoftReference or cleared SoftReference or stale ReflectionData
3000         // -> create and replace new instance
3001         return newReflectionData(reflectionData, classRedefinedCount);
3002     }
3003 
3004     private ReflectionData<T> newReflectionData(SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> oldReflectionData,
3005                                                 int classRedefinedCount) {
3006         while (true) {
3007             ReflectionData<T> rd = new ReflectionData<>(classRedefinedCount);
3008             // try to CAS it...
3009             if (Atomic.casReflectionData(this, oldReflectionData, new SoftReference<>(rd))) {
3010                 return rd;
3011             }
3012             // else retry
3013             oldReflectionData = this.reflectionData;
3014             classRedefinedCount = this.classRedefinedCount;
3015             if (oldReflectionData != null &&
3016                 (rd = oldReflectionData.get()) != null &&
3017                 rd.redefinedCount == classRedefinedCount) {
3018                 return rd;
3019             }
3020         }
3021     }
3022 
3023     // Generic signature handling
3024     private native String getGenericSignature0();
3025 
3026     // Generic info repository; lazily initialized
3027     private transient volatile ClassRepository genericInfo;
3028 
3029     // accessor for factory
3030     private GenericsFactory getFactory() {
3031         // create scope and factory
3032         return CoreReflectionFactory.make(this, ClassScope.make(this));
3033     }
3034 
3035     // accessor for generic info repository;
3036     // generic info is lazily initialized
3037     private ClassRepository getGenericInfo() {
3038         ClassRepository genericInfo = this.genericInfo;
3039         if (genericInfo == null) {
3040             String signature = getGenericSignature0();
3041             if (signature == null) {
3042                 genericInfo = ClassRepository.NONE;
3043             } else {
3044                 genericInfo = ClassRepository.make(signature, getFactory());
3045             }
3046             this.genericInfo = genericInfo;
3047         }
3048         return (genericInfo != ClassRepository.NONE) ? genericInfo : null;
3049     }
3050 
3051     // Annotations handling
3052     native byte[] getRawAnnotations();
3053     // Since 1.8
3054     native byte[] getRawTypeAnnotations();
3055     static byte[] getExecutableTypeAnnotationBytes(Executable ex) {
3056         return getReflectionFactory().getExecutableTypeAnnotationBytes(ex);
3057     }
3058 
3059     native ConstantPool getConstantPool();
3060 
3061     //
3062     //
3063     // java.lang.reflect.Field handling
3064     //
3065     //
3066 
3067     // Returns an array of "root" fields. These Field objects must NOT
3068     // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
3069     // via ReflectionFactory.copyField.
3070     private Field[] privateGetDeclaredFields(boolean publicOnly) {
3071         Field[] res;
3072         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
3073         if (rd != null) {
3074             res = publicOnly ? rd.declaredPublicFields : rd.declaredFields;
3075             if (res != null) return res;
3076         }
3077         // No cached value available; request value from VM
3078         res = Reflection.filterFields(this, getDeclaredFields0(publicOnly));
3079         if (rd != null) {
3080             if (publicOnly) {
3081                 rd.declaredPublicFields = res;
3082             } else {
3083                 rd.declaredFields = res;
3084             }
3085         }
3086         return res;
3087     }
3088 
3089     // Returns an array of "root" fields. These Field objects must NOT
3090     // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
3091     // via ReflectionFactory.copyField.
3092     private Field[] privateGetPublicFields(Set<Class<?>> traversedInterfaces) {
3093         Field[] res;
3094         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
3095         if (rd != null) {
3096             res = rd.publicFields;
3097             if (res != null) return res;
3098         }
3099 
3100         // No cached value available; compute value recursively.
3101         // Traverse in correct order for getField().
3102         List<Field> fields = new ArrayList<>();
3103         if (traversedInterfaces == null) {
3104             traversedInterfaces = new HashSet<>();
3105         }
3106 
3107         // Local fields
3108         Field[] tmp = privateGetDeclaredFields(true);
3109         addAll(fields, tmp);
3110 
3111         // Direct superinterfaces, recursively
3112         for (Class<?> c : getInterfaces()) {
3113             if (!traversedInterfaces.contains(c)) {
3114                 traversedInterfaces.add(c);
3115                 addAll(fields, c.privateGetPublicFields(traversedInterfaces));
3116             }
3117         }
3118 
3119         // Direct superclass, recursively
3120         if (!isInterface()) {
3121             Class<?> c = getSuperclass();
3122             if (c != null) {
3123                 addAll(fields, c.privateGetPublicFields(traversedInterfaces));
3124             }
3125         }
3126 
3127         res = new Field[fields.size()];
3128         fields.toArray(res);
3129         if (rd != null) {
3130             rd.publicFields = res;
3131         }
3132         return res;
3133     }
3134 
3135     private static void addAll(Collection<Field> c, Field[] o) {
3136         for (Field f : o) {
3137             c.add(f);
3138         }
3139     }
3140 
3141 
3142     //
3143     //
3144     // java.lang.reflect.Constructor handling
3145     //
3146     //
3147 
3148     // Returns an array of "root" constructors. These Constructor
3149     // objects must NOT be propagated to the outside world, but must
3150     // instead be copied via ReflectionFactory.copyConstructor.
3151     private Constructor<T>[] privateGetDeclaredConstructors(boolean publicOnly) {
3152         Constructor<T>[] res;
3153         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
3154         if (rd != null) {
3155             res = publicOnly ? rd.publicConstructors : rd.declaredConstructors;
3156             if (res != null) return res;
3157         }
3158         // No cached value available; request value from VM
3159         if (isInterface()) {
3160             @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
3161             Constructor<T>[] temporaryRes = (Constructor<T>[]) new Constructor<?>[0];
3162             res = temporaryRes;
3163         } else {
3164             res = getDeclaredConstructors0(publicOnly);
3165         }
3166         if (rd != null) {
3167             if (publicOnly) {
3168                 rd.publicConstructors = res;
3169             } else {
3170                 rd.declaredConstructors = res;
3171             }
3172         }
3173         return res;
3174     }
3175 
3176     //
3177     //
3178     // java.lang.reflect.Method handling
3179     //
3180     //
3181 
3182     // Returns an array of "root" methods. These Method objects must NOT
3183     // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
3184     // via ReflectionFactory.copyMethod.
3185     private Method[] privateGetDeclaredMethods(boolean publicOnly) {
3186         Method[] res;
3187         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
3188         if (rd != null) {
3189             res = publicOnly ? rd.declaredPublicMethods : rd.declaredMethods;
3190             if (res != null) return res;
3191         }
3192         // No cached value available; request value from VM
3193         res = Reflection.filterMethods(this, getDeclaredMethods0(publicOnly));
3194         if (rd != null) {
3195             if (publicOnly) {
3196                 rd.declaredPublicMethods = res;
3197             } else {
3198                 rd.declaredMethods = res;
3199             }
3200         }
3201         return res;
3202     }
3203 
3204     // Returns an array of "root" methods. These Method objects must NOT
3205     // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
3206     // via ReflectionFactory.copyMethod.
3207     private Method[] privateGetPublicMethods() {
3208         Method[] res;
3209         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
3210         if (rd != null) {
3211             res = rd.publicMethods;
3212             if (res != null) return res;
3213         }
3214 
3215         // No cached value available; compute value recursively.
3216         // Start by fetching public declared methods...
3217         PublicMethods pms = new PublicMethods();
3218         for (Method m : privateGetDeclaredMethods(/* publicOnly */ true)) {
3219             pms.merge(m);
3220         }
3221         // ...then recur over superclass methods...
3222         Class<?> sc = getSuperclass();
3223         if (sc != null) {
3224             for (Method m : sc.privateGetPublicMethods()) {
3225                 pms.merge(m);
3226             }
3227         }
3228         // ...and finally over direct superinterfaces.
3229         for (Class<?> intf : getInterfaces(/* cloneArray */ false)) {
3230             for (Method m : intf.privateGetPublicMethods()) {
3231                 // static interface methods are not inherited
3232                 if (!Modifier.isStatic(m.getModifiers())) {
3233                     pms.merge(m);
3234                 }
3235             }
3236         }
3237 
3238         res = pms.toArray();
3239         if (rd != null) {
3240             rd.publicMethods = res;
3241         }
3242         return res;
3243     }
3244 
3245 
3246     //
3247     // Helpers for fetchers of one field, method, or constructor
3248     //
3249 
3250     // This method does not copy the returned Field object!
3251     private static Field searchFields(Field[] fields, String name) {
3252         for (Field field : fields) {
3253             if (field.getName().equals(name)) {
3254                 return field;
3255             }
3256         }
3257         return null;
3258     }
3259 
3260     // Returns a "root" Field object. This Field object must NOT
3261     // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
3262     // via ReflectionFactory.copyField.
3263     private Field getField0(String name) {
3264         // Note: the intent is that the search algorithm this routine
3265         // uses be equivalent to the ordering imposed by
3266         // privateGetPublicFields(). It fetches only the declared
3267         // public fields for each class, however, to reduce the number
3268         // of Field objects which have to be created for the common
3269         // case where the field being requested is declared in the
3270         // class which is being queried.
3271         Field res;
3272         // Search declared public fields
3273         if ((res = searchFields(privateGetDeclaredFields(true), name)) != null) {
3274             return res;
3275         }
3276         // Direct superinterfaces, recursively
3277         Class<?>[] interfaces = getInterfaces(/* cloneArray */ false);
3278         for (Class<?> c : interfaces) {
3279             if ((res = c.getField0(name)) != null) {
3280                 return res;
3281             }
3282         }
3283         // Direct superclass, recursively
3284         if (!isInterface()) {
3285             Class<?> c = getSuperclass();
3286             if (c != null) {
3287                 if ((res = c.getField0(name)) != null) {
3288                     return res;
3289                 }
3290             }
3291         }
3292         return null;
3293     }
3294 
3295     // This method does not copy the returned Method object!
3296     private static Method searchMethods(Method[] methods,
3297                                         String name,
3298                                         Class<?>[] parameterTypes)
3299     {
3300         ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
3301         Method res = null;
3302         for (Method m : methods) {
3303             if (m.getName().equals(name)
3304                 && arrayContentsEq(parameterTypes,
3305                                    fact.getExecutableSharedParameterTypes(m))
3306                 && (res == null
3307                     || (res.getReturnType() != m.getReturnType()
3308                         && res.getReturnType().isAssignableFrom(m.getReturnType()))))
3309                 res = m;
3310         }
3311         return res;
3312     }
3313 
3314     private static final Class<?>[] EMPTY_CLASS_ARRAY = new Class<?>[0];
3315 
3316     // Returns a "root" Method object. This Method object must NOT
3317     // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
3318     // via ReflectionFactory.copyMethod.
3319     private Method getMethod0(String name, Class<?>[] parameterTypes) {
3320         PublicMethods.MethodList res = getMethodsRecursive(
3321             name,
3322             parameterTypes == null ? EMPTY_CLASS_ARRAY : parameterTypes,
3323             /* includeStatic */ true);
3324         return res == null ? null : res.getMostSpecific();
3325     }
3326 
3327     // Returns a list of "root" Method objects. These Method objects must NOT
3328     // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
3329     // via ReflectionFactory.copyMethod.
3330     private PublicMethods.MethodList getMethodsRecursive(String name,
3331                                                          Class<?>[] parameterTypes,
3332                                                          boolean includeStatic) {
3333         // 1st check declared public methods
3334         Method[] methods = privateGetDeclaredMethods(/* publicOnly */ true);
3335         PublicMethods.MethodList res = PublicMethods.MethodList
3336             .filter(methods, name, parameterTypes, includeStatic);
3337         // if there is at least one match among declared methods, we need not
3338         // search any further as such match surely overrides matching methods
3339         // declared in superclass(es) or interface(s).
3340         if (res != null) {
3341             return res;
3342         }
3343 
3344         // if there was no match among declared methods,
3345         // we must consult the superclass (if any) recursively...
3346         Class<?> sc = getSuperclass();
3347         if (sc != null) {
3348             res = sc.getMethodsRecursive(name, parameterTypes, includeStatic);
3349         }
3350 
3351         // ...and coalesce the superclass methods with methods obtained
3352         // from directly implemented interfaces excluding static methods...
3353         for (Class<?> intf : getInterfaces(/* cloneArray */ false)) {
3354             res = PublicMethods.MethodList.merge(
3355                 res, intf.getMethodsRecursive(name, parameterTypes,
3356                                               /* includeStatic */ false));
3357         }
3358 
3359         return res;
3360     }
3361 
3362     // Returns a "root" Constructor object. This Constructor object must NOT
3363     // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
3364     // via ReflectionFactory.copyConstructor.
3365     private Constructor<T> getConstructor0(Class<?>[] parameterTypes,
3366                                         int which) throws NoSuchMethodException
3367     {
3368         ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
3369         Constructor<T>[] constructors = privateGetDeclaredConstructors((which == Member.PUBLIC));
3370         for (Constructor<T> constructor : constructors) {
3371             if (arrayContentsEq(parameterTypes,
3372                                 fact.getExecutableSharedParameterTypes(constructor))) {
3373                 return constructor;
3374             }
3375         }
3376         throw new NoSuchMethodException(methodToString("<init>", parameterTypes));
3377     }
3378 
3379     //
3380     // Other helpers and base implementation
3381     //
3382 
3383     private static boolean arrayContentsEq(Object[] a1, Object[] a2) {
3384         if (a1 == null) {
3385             return a2 == null || a2.length == 0;
3386         }
3387 
3388         if (a2 == null) {
3389             return a1.length == 0;
3390         }
3391 
3392         if (a1.length != a2.length) {
3393             return false;
3394         }
3395 
3396         for (int i = 0; i < a1.length; i++) {
3397             if (a1[i] != a2[i]) {
3398                 return false;
3399             }
3400         }
3401 
3402         return true;
3403     }
3404 
3405     private static Field[] copyFields(Field[] arg) {
3406         Field[] out = new Field[arg.length];
3407         ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
3408         for (int i = 0; i < arg.length; i++) {
3409             out[i] = fact.copyField(arg[i]);
3410         }
3411         return out;
3412     }
3413 
3414     private static Method[] copyMethods(Method[] arg) {
3415         Method[] out = new Method[arg.length];
3416         ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
3417         for (int i = 0; i < arg.length; i++) {
3418             out[i] = fact.copyMethod(arg[i]);
3419         }
3420         return out;
3421     }
3422 
3423     private static <U> Constructor<U>[] copyConstructors(Constructor<U>[] arg) {
3424         Constructor<U>[] out = arg.clone();
3425         ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
3426         for (int i = 0; i < out.length; i++) {
3427             out[i] = fact.copyConstructor(out[i]);
3428         }
3429         return out;
3430     }
3431 
3432     private native Field[]       getDeclaredFields0(boolean publicOnly);
3433     private native Method[]      getDeclaredMethods0(boolean publicOnly);
3434     private native Constructor<T>[] getDeclaredConstructors0(boolean publicOnly);
3435     private native Class<?>[]   getDeclaredClasses0();
3436 
3437     /**
3438      * Helper method to get the method name from arguments.
3439      */
3440     private String methodToString(String name, Class<?>[] argTypes) {
3441         StringJoiner sj = new StringJoiner(", ", getName() + "." + name + "(", ")");
3442         if (argTypes != null) {
3443             for (int i = 0; i < argTypes.length; i++) {
3444                 Class<?> c = argTypes[i];
3445                 sj.add((c == null) ? "null" : c.getName());
3446             }
3447         }
3448         return sj.toString();
3449     }
3450 
3451     /** use serialVersionUID from JDK 1.1 for interoperability */
3452     private static final long serialVersionUID = 3206093459760846163L;
3453 
3454 
3455     /**
3456      * Class Class is special cased within the Serialization Stream Protocol.
3457      *
3458      * A Class instance is written initially into an ObjectOutputStream in the
3459      * following format:
3460      * <pre>
3461      *      {@code TC_CLASS} ClassDescriptor
3462      *      A ClassDescriptor is a special cased serialization of
3463      *      a {@code java.io.ObjectStreamClass} instance.
3464      * </pre>
3465      * A new handle is generated for the initial time the class descriptor
3466      * is written into the stream. Future references to the class descriptor
3467      * are written as references to the initial class descriptor instance.
3468      *
3469      * @see java.io.ObjectStreamClass
3470      */
3471     private static final ObjectStreamField[] serialPersistentFields =
3472         new ObjectStreamField[0];
3473 
3474 
3475     /**
3476      * Returns the assertion status that would be assigned to this
3477      * class if it were to be initialized at the time this method is invoked.
3478      * If this class has had its assertion status set, the most recent
3479      * setting will be returned; otherwise, if any package default assertion
3480      * status pertains to this class, the most recent setting for the most
3481      * specific pertinent package default assertion status is returned;
3482      * otherwise, if this class is not a system class (i.e., it has a
3483      * class loader) its class loader's default assertion status is returned;
3484      * otherwise, the system class default assertion status is returned.
3485      * <p>
3486      * Few programmers will have any need for this method; it is provided
3487      * for the benefit of the JRE itself.  (It allows a class to determine at
3488      * the time that it is initialized whether assertions should be enabled.)
3489      * Note that this method is not guaranteed to return the actual
3490      * assertion status that was (or will be) associated with the specified
3491      * class when it was (or will be) initialized.
3492      *
3493      * @return the desired assertion status of the specified class.
3494      * @see    java.lang.ClassLoader#setClassAssertionStatus
3495      * @see    java.lang.ClassLoader#setPackageAssertionStatus
3496      * @see    java.lang.ClassLoader#setDefaultAssertionStatus
3497      * @since  1.4
3498      */
3499     public boolean desiredAssertionStatus() {
3500         ClassLoader loader = getClassLoader0();
3501         // If the loader is null this is a system class, so ask the VM
3502         if (loader == null)
3503             return desiredAssertionStatus0(this);
3504 
3505         // If the classloader has been initialized with the assertion
3506         // directives, ask it. Otherwise, ask the VM.
3507         synchronized(loader.assertionLock) {
3508             if (loader.classAssertionStatus != null) {
3509                 return loader.desiredAssertionStatus(getName());
3510             }
3511         }
3512         return desiredAssertionStatus0(this);
3513     }
3514 
3515     // Retrieves the desired assertion status of this class from the VM
3516     private static native boolean desiredAssertionStatus0(Class<?> clazz);
3517 
3518     /**
3519      * Returns true if and only if this class was declared as an enum in the
3520      * source code.
3521      *
3522      * @return true if and only if this class was declared as an enum in the
3523      *     source code
3524      * @since 1.5
3525      */
3526     public boolean isEnum() {
3527         // An enum must both directly extend java.lang.Enum and have
3528         // the ENUM bit set; classes for specialized enum constants
3529         // don't do the former.
3530         return (this.getModifiers() & ENUM) != 0 &&
3531         this.getSuperclass() == java.lang.Enum.class;
3532     }
3533 
3534     // Fetches the factory for reflective objects
3535     private static ReflectionFactory getReflectionFactory() {
3536         if (reflectionFactory == null) {
3537             reflectionFactory =
3538                 java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged
3539                     (new ReflectionFactory.GetReflectionFactoryAction());
3540         }
3541         return reflectionFactory;
3542     }
3543     private static ReflectionFactory reflectionFactory;
3544 
3545     /**
3546      * Returns the elements of this enum class or null if this
3547      * Class object does not represent an enum type.
3548      *
3549      * @return an array containing the values comprising the enum class
3550      *     represented by this Class object in the order they're
3551      *     declared, or null if this Class object does not
3552      *     represent an enum type
3553      * @since 1.5
3554      */
3555     public T[] getEnumConstants() {
3556         T[] values = getEnumConstantsShared();
3557         return (values != null) ? values.clone() : null;
3558     }
3559 
3560     /**
3561      * Returns the elements of this enum class or null if this
3562      * Class object does not represent an enum type;
3563      * identical to getEnumConstants except that the result is
3564      * uncloned, cached, and shared by all callers.
3565      */
3566     T[] getEnumConstantsShared() {
3567         T[] constants = enumConstants;
3568         if (constants == null) {
3569             if (!isEnum()) return null;
3570             try {
3571                 final Method values = getMethod("values");
3572                 java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
3573                     new java.security.PrivilegedAction<>() {
3574                         public Void run() {
3575                                 values.setAccessible(true);
3576                                 return null;
3577                             }
3578                         });
3579                 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
3580                 T[] temporaryConstants = (T[])values.invoke(null);
3581                 enumConstants = constants = temporaryConstants;
3582             }
3583             // These can happen when users concoct enum-like classes
3584             // that don't comply with the enum spec.
3585             catch (InvocationTargetException | NoSuchMethodException |
3586                    IllegalAccessException ex) { return null; }
3587         }
3588         return constants;
3589     }
3590     private transient volatile T[] enumConstants;
3591 
3592     /**
3593      * Returns a map from simple name to enum constant.  This package-private
3594      * method is used internally by Enum to implement
3595      * {@code public static <T extends Enum<T>> T valueOf(Class<T>, String)}
3596      * efficiently.  Note that the map is returned by this method is
3597      * created lazily on first use.  Typically it won't ever get created.
3598      */
3599     Map<String, T> enumConstantDirectory() {
3600         Map<String, T> directory = enumConstantDirectory;
3601         if (directory == null) {
3602             T[] universe = getEnumConstantsShared();
3603             if (universe == null)
3604                 throw new IllegalArgumentException(
3605                     getName() + " is not an enum type");
3606             directory = new HashMap<>(2 * universe.length);
3607             for (T constant : universe) {
3608                 directory.put(((Enum<?>)constant).name(), constant);
3609             }
3610             enumConstantDirectory = directory;
3611         }
3612         return directory;
3613     }
3614     private transient volatile Map<String, T> enumConstantDirectory;
3615 
3616     /**
3617      * Casts an object to the class or interface represented
3618      * by this {@code Class} object.
3619      *
3620      * @param obj the object to be cast
3621      * @return the object after casting, or null if obj is null
3622      *
3623      * @throws ClassCastException if the object is not
3624      * null and is not assignable to the type T.
3625      *
3626      * @since 1.5
3627      */
3628     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
3629     @HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate
3630     public T cast(Object obj) {
3631         if (obj != null && !isInstance(obj))
3632             throw new ClassCastException(cannotCastMsg(obj));
3633         return (T) obj;
3634     }
3635 
3636     private String cannotCastMsg(Object obj) {
3637         return "Cannot cast " + obj.getClass().getName() + " to " + getName();
3638     }
3639 
3640     /**
3641      * Casts this {@code Class} object to represent a subclass of the class
3642      * represented by the specified class object.  Checks that the cast
3643      * is valid, and throws a {@code ClassCastException} if it is not.  If
3644      * this method succeeds, it always returns a reference to this class object.
3645      *
3646      * <p>This method is useful when a client needs to "narrow" the type of
3647      * a {@code Class} object to pass it to an API that restricts the
3648      * {@code Class} objects that it is willing to accept.  A cast would
3649      * generate a compile-time warning, as the correctness of the cast
3650      * could not be checked at runtime (because generic types are implemented
3651      * by erasure).
3652      *
3653      * @param <U> the type to cast this class object to
3654      * @param clazz the class of the type to cast this class object to
3655      * @return this {@code Class} object, cast to represent a subclass of
3656      *    the specified class object.
3657      * @throws ClassCastException if this {@code Class} object does not
3658      *    represent a subclass of the specified class (here "subclass" includes
3659      *    the class itself).
3660      * @since 1.5
3661      */
3662     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
3663     public <U> Class<? extends U> asSubclass(Class<U> clazz) {
3664         if (clazz.isAssignableFrom(this))
3665             return (Class<? extends U>) this;
3666         else
3667             throw new ClassCastException(this.toString());
3668     }
3669 
3670     /**
3671      * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
3672      * @since 1.5
3673      */
3674     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
3675     public <A extends Annotation> A getAnnotation(Class<A> annotationClass) {
3676         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
3677 
3678         return (A) annotationData().annotations.get(annotationClass);
3679     }
3680 
3681     /**
3682      * {@inheritDoc}
3683      * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
3684      * @since 1.5
3685      */
3686     @Override
3687     public boolean isAnnotationPresent(Class<? extends Annotation> annotationClass) {
3688         return GenericDeclaration.super.isAnnotationPresent(annotationClass);
3689     }
3690 
3691     /**
3692      * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
3693      * @since 1.8
3694      */
3695     @Override
3696     public <A extends Annotation> A[] getAnnotationsByType(Class<A> annotationClass) {
3697         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
3698 
3699         AnnotationData annotationData = annotationData();
3700         return AnnotationSupport.getAssociatedAnnotations(annotationData.declaredAnnotations,
3701                                                           this,
3702                                                           annotationClass);
3703     }
3704 
3705     /**
3706      * @since 1.5
3707      */
3708     public Annotation[] getAnnotations() {
3709         return AnnotationParser.toArray(annotationData().annotations);
3710     }
3711 
3712     /**
3713      * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
3714      * @since 1.8
3715      */
3716     @Override
3717     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
3718     public <A extends Annotation> A getDeclaredAnnotation(Class<A> annotationClass) {
3719         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
3720 
3721         return (A) annotationData().declaredAnnotations.get(annotationClass);
3722     }
3723 
3724     /**
3725      * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
3726      * @since 1.8
3727      */
3728     @Override
3729     public <A extends Annotation> A[] getDeclaredAnnotationsByType(Class<A> annotationClass) {
3730         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
3731 
3732         return AnnotationSupport.getDirectlyAndIndirectlyPresent(annotationData().declaredAnnotations,
3733                                                                  annotationClass);
3734     }
3735 
3736     /**
3737      * @since 1.5
3738      */
3739     public Annotation[] getDeclaredAnnotations()  {
3740         return AnnotationParser.toArray(annotationData().declaredAnnotations);
3741     }
3742 
3743     // annotation data that might get invalidated when JVM TI RedefineClasses() is called
3744     private static class AnnotationData {
3745         final Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> annotations;
3746         final Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> declaredAnnotations;
3747 
3748         // Value of classRedefinedCount when we created this AnnotationData instance
3749         final int redefinedCount;
3750 
3751         AnnotationData(Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> annotations,
3752                        Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> declaredAnnotations,
3753                        int redefinedCount) {
3754             this.annotations = annotations;
3755             this.declaredAnnotations = declaredAnnotations;
3756             this.redefinedCount = redefinedCount;
3757         }
3758     }
3759 
3760     // Annotations cache
3761     @SuppressWarnings("UnusedDeclaration")
3762     private transient volatile AnnotationData annotationData;
3763 
3764     private AnnotationData annotationData() {
3765         while (true) { // retry loop
3766             AnnotationData annotationData = this.annotationData;
3767             int classRedefinedCount = this.classRedefinedCount;
3768             if (annotationData != null &&
3769                 annotationData.redefinedCount == classRedefinedCount) {
3770                 return annotationData;
3771             }
3772             // null or stale annotationData -> optimistically create new instance
3773             AnnotationData newAnnotationData = createAnnotationData(classRedefinedCount);
3774             // try to install it
3775             if (Atomic.casAnnotationData(this, annotationData, newAnnotationData)) {
3776                 // successfully installed new AnnotationData
3777                 return newAnnotationData;
3778             }
3779         }
3780     }
3781 
3782     private AnnotationData createAnnotationData(int classRedefinedCount) {
3783         Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> declaredAnnotations =
3784             AnnotationParser.parseAnnotations(getRawAnnotations(), getConstantPool(), this);
3785         Class<?> superClass = getSuperclass();
3786         Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> annotations = null;
3787         if (superClass != null) {
3788             Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> superAnnotations =
3789                 superClass.annotationData().annotations;
3790             for (Map.Entry<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> e : superAnnotations.entrySet()) {
3791                 Class<? extends Annotation> annotationClass = e.getKey();
3792                 if (AnnotationType.getInstance(annotationClass).isInherited()) {
3793                     if (annotations == null) { // lazy construction
3794                         annotations = new LinkedHashMap<>((Math.max(
3795                                 declaredAnnotations.size(),
3796                                 Math.min(12, declaredAnnotations.size() + superAnnotations.size())
3797                             ) * 4 + 2) / 3
3798                         );
3799                     }
3800                     annotations.put(annotationClass, e.getValue());
3801                 }
3802             }
3803         }
3804         if (annotations == null) {
3805             // no inherited annotations -> share the Map with declaredAnnotations
3806             annotations = declaredAnnotations;
3807         } else {
3808             // at least one inherited annotation -> declared may override inherited
3809             annotations.putAll(declaredAnnotations);
3810         }
3811         return new AnnotationData(annotations, declaredAnnotations, classRedefinedCount);
3812     }
3813 
3814     // Annotation types cache their internal (AnnotationType) form
3815 
3816     @SuppressWarnings("UnusedDeclaration")
3817     private transient volatile AnnotationType annotationType;
3818 
3819     boolean casAnnotationType(AnnotationType oldType, AnnotationType newType) {
3820         return Atomic.casAnnotationType(this, oldType, newType);
3821     }
3822 
3823     AnnotationType getAnnotationType() {
3824         return annotationType;
3825     }
3826 
3827     Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> getDeclaredAnnotationMap() {
3828         return annotationData().declaredAnnotations;
3829     }
3830 
3831     /* Backing store of user-defined values pertaining to this class.
3832      * Maintained by the ClassValue class.
3833      */
3834     transient ClassValue.ClassValueMap classValueMap;
3835 
3836     /**
3837      * Returns an {@code AnnotatedType} object that represents the use of a
3838      * type to specify the superclass of the entity represented by this {@code
3839      * Class} object. (The <em>use</em> of type Foo to specify the superclass
3840      * in '...  extends Foo' is distinct from the <em>declaration</em> of type
3841      * Foo.)
3842      *
3843      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a type whose declaration
3844      * does not explicitly indicate an annotated superclass, then the return
3845      * value is an {@code AnnotatedType} object representing an element with no
3846      * annotations.
3847      *
3848      * <p> If this {@code Class} represents either the {@code Object} class, an
3849      * interface type, an array type, a primitive type, or void, the return
3850      * value is {@code null}.
3851      *
3852      * @return an object representing the superclass
3853      * @since 1.8
3854      */
3855     public AnnotatedType getAnnotatedSuperclass() {
3856         if (this == Object.class ||
3857                 isInterface() ||
3858                 isArray() ||
3859                 isPrimitive() ||
3860                 this == Void.TYPE) {
3861             return null;
3862         }
3863 
3864         return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedSuperclass(getRawTypeAnnotations(), getConstantPool(), this);
3865     }
3866 
3867     /**
3868      * Returns an array of {@code AnnotatedType} objects that represent the use
3869      * of types to specify superinterfaces of the entity represented by this
3870      * {@code Class} object. (The <em>use</em> of type Foo to specify a
3871      * superinterface in '... implements Foo' is distinct from the
3872      * <em>declaration</em> of type Foo.)
3873      *
3874      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class, the return value is
3875      * an array containing objects representing the uses of interface types to
3876      * specify interfaces implemented by the class. The order of the objects in
3877      * the array corresponds to the order of the interface types used in the
3878      * 'implements' clause of the declaration of this {@code Class} object.
3879      *
3880      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an interface, the return
3881      * value is an array containing objects representing the uses of interface
3882      * types to specify interfaces directly extended by the interface. The
3883      * order of the objects in the array corresponds to the order of the
3884      * interface types used in the 'extends' clause of the declaration of this
3885      * {@code Class} object.
3886      *
3887      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface whose
3888      * declaration does not explicitly indicate any annotated superinterfaces,
3889      * the return value is an array of length 0.
3890      *
3891      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents either the {@code Object}
3892      * class, an array type, a primitive type, or void, the return value is an
3893      * array of length 0.
3894      *
3895      * @return an array representing the superinterfaces
3896      * @since 1.8
3897      */
3898     public AnnotatedType[] getAnnotatedInterfaces() {
3899          return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedInterfaces(getRawTypeAnnotations(), getConstantPool(), this);
3900     }
3901 }