1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 1997, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 3 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 4 * 5 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 6 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 7 * published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this 8 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 9 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 10 * 11 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 12 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 13 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 14 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 15 * accompanied this code). 16 * 17 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 18 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 19 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 20 * 21 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 22 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 23 * questions. 24 */ 25 26 package java.util; 27 28 /** 29 * Resizable-array implementation of the <tt>List</tt> interface. Implements 30 * all optional list operations, and permits all elements, including 31 * <tt>null</tt>. In addition to implementing the <tt>List</tt> interface, 32 * this class provides methods to manipulate the size of the array that is 33 * used internally to store the list. (This class is roughly equivalent to 34 * <tt>Vector</tt>, except that it is unsynchronized.) 35 * 36 * <p>The <tt>size</tt>, <tt>isEmpty</tt>, <tt>get</tt>, <tt>set</tt>, 37 * <tt>iterator</tt>, and <tt>listIterator</tt> operations run in constant 38 * time. The <tt>add</tt> operation runs in <i>amortized constant time</i>, 39 * that is, adding n elements requires O(n) time. All of the other operations 40 * run in linear time (roughly speaking). The constant factor is low compared 41 * to that for the <tt>LinkedList</tt> implementation. 42 * 43 * <p>Each <tt>ArrayList</tt> instance has a <i>capacity</i>. The capacity is 44 * the size of the array used to store the elements in the list. It is always 45 * at least as large as the list size. As elements are added to an ArrayList, 46 * its capacity grows automatically. The details of the growth policy are not 47 * specified beyond the fact that adding an element has constant amortized 48 * time cost. 49 * 50 * <p>An application can increase the capacity of an <tt>ArrayList</tt> instance 51 * before adding a large number of elements using the <tt>ensureCapacity</tt> 52 * operation. This may reduce the amount of incremental reallocation. 53 * 54 * <p><strong>Note that this implementation is not synchronized.</strong> 55 * If multiple threads access an <tt>ArrayList</tt> instance concurrently, 56 * and at least one of the threads modifies the list structurally, it 57 * <i>must</i> be synchronized externally. (A structural modification is 58 * any operation that adds or deletes one or more elements, or explicitly 59 * resizes the backing array; merely setting the value of an element is not 60 * a structural modification.) This is typically accomplished by 61 * synchronizing on some object that naturally encapsulates the list. 62 * 63 * If no such object exists, the list should be "wrapped" using the 64 * {@link Collections#synchronizedList Collections.synchronizedList} 65 * method. This is best done at creation time, to prevent accidental 66 * unsynchronized access to the list:<pre> 67 * List list = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList(...));</pre> 68 * 69 * <p><a name="fail-fast"/> 70 * The iterators returned by this class's {@link #iterator() iterator} and 71 * {@link #listIterator(int) listIterator} methods are <em>fail-fast</em>: 72 * if the list is structurally modified at any time after the iterator is 73 * created, in any way except through the iterator's own 74 * {@link ListIterator#remove() remove} or 75 * {@link ListIterator#add(Object) add} methods, the iterator will throw a 76 * {@link ConcurrentModificationException}. Thus, in the face of 77 * concurrent modification, the iterator fails quickly and cleanly, rather 78 * than risking arbitrary, non-deterministic behavior at an undetermined 79 * time in the future. 80 * 81 * <p>Note that the fail-fast behavior of an iterator cannot be guaranteed 82 * as it is, generally speaking, impossible to make any hard guarantees in the 83 * presence of unsynchronized concurrent modification. Fail-fast iterators 84 * throw {@code ConcurrentModificationException} on a best-effort basis. 85 * Therefore, it would be wrong to write a program that depended on this 86 * exception for its correctness: <i>the fail-fast behavior of iterators 87 * should be used only to detect bugs.</i> 88 * 89 * <p>This class is a member of the 90 * <a href="{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/collections/index.html"> 91 * Java Collections Framework</a>. 92 * 93 * @author Josh Bloch 94 * @author Neal Gafter 95 * @see Collection 96 * @see List 97 * @see LinkedList 98 * @see Vector 99 * @since 1.2 100 */ 101 102 public class ArrayList<E> extends AbstractList<E> 103 implements List<E>, RandomAccess, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable 104 { 105 private static final long serialVersionUID = 8683452581122892189L; 106 107 /** 108 * The array buffer into which the elements of the ArrayList are stored. 109 * The capacity of the ArrayList is the length of this array buffer. 110 */ 111 private transient Object[] elementData; 112 113 /** 114 * The size of the ArrayList (the number of elements it contains). 115 * 116 * @serial 117 */ 118 private int size; 119 120 /** 121 * Constructs an empty list with the specified initial capacity. 122 * 123 * @param initialCapacity the initial capacity of the list 124 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the specified initial capacity 125 * is negative 126 */ 127 public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) { 128 super(); 129 if (initialCapacity < 0) 130 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+ 131 initialCapacity); 132 this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity]; 133 } 134 135 /** 136 * Constructs an empty list with an initial capacity of ten. 137 */ 138 public ArrayList() { 139 this(10); 140 } 141 142 /** 143 * Constructs a list containing the elements of the specified 144 * collection, in the order they are returned by the collection's 145 * iterator. 146 * 147 * @param c the collection whose elements are to be placed into this list 148 * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is null 149 */ 150 public ArrayList(Collection<? extends E> c) { 151 elementData = c.toArray(); 152 size = elementData.length; 153 // c.toArray might (incorrectly) not return Object[] (see 6260652) 154 if (elementData.getClass() != Object[].class) 155 elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size, Object[].class); 156 } 157 158 /** 159 * Trims the capacity of this <tt>ArrayList</tt> instance to be the 160 * list's current size. An application can use this operation to minimize 161 * the storage of an <tt>ArrayList</tt> instance. 162 */ 163 public void trimToSize() { 164 modCount++; 165 int oldCapacity = elementData.length; 166 if (size < oldCapacity) { 167 elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size); 168 } 169 } 170 171 /** 172 * Increases the capacity of this <tt>ArrayList</tt> instance, if 173 * necessary, to ensure that it can hold at least the number of elements 174 * specified by the minimum capacity argument. 175 * 176 * @param minCapacity the desired minimum capacity 177 */ 178 public void ensureCapacity(int minCapacity) { 179 if (minCapacity > 0) 180 ensureCapacityInternal(minCapacity); 181 } 182 183 private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) { 184 modCount++; 185 // overflow-conscious code 186 if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0) 187 grow(minCapacity); 188 } 189 190 /** 191 * The maximum size of array to allocate. 192 * Some VMs reserve some header words in an array. 193 * Attempts to allocate larger arrays may result in 194 * OutOfMemoryError: Requested array size exceeds VM limit 195 */ 196 private static final int MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8; 197 198 /** 199 * Increases the capacity to ensure that it can hold at least the 200 * number of elements specified by the minimum capacity argument. 201 * 202 * @param minCapacity the desired minimum capacity 203 */ 204 private void grow(int minCapacity) { 205 // overflow-conscious code 206 int oldCapacity = elementData.length; 207 int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1); 208 if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0) 209 newCapacity = minCapacity; 210 if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0) 211 newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity); 212 // minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win: 213 elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity); 214 } 215 216 private static int hugeCapacity(int minCapacity) { 217 if (minCapacity < 0) // overflow 218 throw new OutOfMemoryError(); 219 return (minCapacity > MAX_ARRAY_SIZE) ? 220 Integer.MAX_VALUE : 221 MAX_ARRAY_SIZE; 222 } 223 224 /** 225 * Returns the number of elements in this list. 226 * 227 * @return the number of elements in this list 228 */ 229 public int size() { 230 return size; 231 } 232 233 /** 234 * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this list contains no elements. 235 * 236 * @return <tt>true</tt> if this list contains no elements 237 */ 238 public boolean isEmpty() { 239 return size == 0; 240 } 241 242 /** 243 * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this list contains the specified element. 244 * More formally, returns <tt>true</tt> if and only if this list contains 245 * at least one element <tt>e</tt> such that 246 * <tt>(o==null ? e==null : o.equals(e))</tt>. 247 * 248 * @param o element whose presence in this list is to be tested 249 * @return <tt>true</tt> if this list contains the specified element 250 */ 251 public boolean contains(Object o) { 252 return indexOf(o) >= 0; 253 } 254 255 /** 256 * Returns the index of the first occurrence of the specified element 257 * in this list, or -1 if this list does not contain the element. 258 * More formally, returns the lowest index <tt>i</tt> such that 259 * <tt>(o==null ? get(i)==null : o.equals(get(i)))</tt>, 260 * or -1 if there is no such index. 261 */ 262 public int indexOf(Object o) { 263 if (o == null) { 264 for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) 265 if (elementData[i]==null) 266 return i; 267 } else { 268 for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) 269 if (o.equals(elementData[i])) 270 return i; 271 } 272 return -1; 273 } 274 275 /** 276 * Returns the index of the last occurrence of the specified element 277 * in this list, or -1 if this list does not contain the element. 278 * More formally, returns the highest index <tt>i</tt> such that 279 * <tt>(o==null ? get(i)==null : o.equals(get(i)))</tt>, 280 * or -1 if there is no such index. 281 */ 282 public int lastIndexOf(Object o) { 283 if (o == null) { 284 for (int i = size-1; i >= 0; i--) 285 if (elementData[i]==null) 286 return i; 287 } else { 288 for (int i = size-1; i >= 0; i--) 289 if (o.equals(elementData[i])) 290 return i; 291 } 292 return -1; 293 } 294 295 /** 296 * Returns a shallow copy of this <tt>ArrayList</tt> instance. (The 297 * elements themselves are not copied.) 298 * 299 * @return a clone of this <tt>ArrayList</tt> instance 300 */ 301 public Object clone() { 302 try { 303 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") 304 ArrayList<E> v = (ArrayList<E>) super.clone(); 305 v.elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size); 306 v.modCount = 0; 307 return v; 308 } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) { 309 // this shouldn't happen, since we are Cloneable 310 throw new InternalError(); 311 } 312 } 313 314 /** 315 * Returns an array containing all of the elements in this list 316 * in proper sequence (from first to last element). 317 * 318 * <p>The returned array will be "safe" in that no references to it are 319 * maintained by this list. (In other words, this method must allocate 320 * a new array). The caller is thus free to modify the returned array. 321 * 322 * <p>This method acts as bridge between array-based and collection-based 323 * APIs. 324 * 325 * @return an array containing all of the elements in this list in 326 * proper sequence 327 */ 328 public Object[] toArray() { 329 return Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size); 330 } 331 332 /** 333 * Returns an array containing all of the elements in this list in proper 334 * sequence (from first to last element); the runtime type of the returned 335 * array is that of the specified array. If the list fits in the 336 * specified array, it is returned therein. Otherwise, a new array is 337 * allocated with the runtime type of the specified array and the size of 338 * this list. 339 * 340 * <p>If the list fits in the specified array with room to spare 341 * (i.e., the array has more elements than the list), the element in 342 * the array immediately following the end of the collection is set to 343 * <tt>null</tt>. (This is useful in determining the length of the 344 * list <i>only</i> if the caller knows that the list does not contain 345 * any null elements.) 346 * 347 * @param a the array into which the elements of the list are to 348 * be stored, if it is big enough; otherwise, a new array of the 349 * same runtime type is allocated for this purpose. 350 * @return an array containing the elements of the list 351 * @throws ArrayStoreException if the runtime type of the specified array 352 * is not a supertype of the runtime type of every element in 353 * this list 354 * @throws NullPointerException if the specified array is null 355 */ 356 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") 357 public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) { 358 if (a.length < size) 359 // Make a new array of a's runtime type, but my contents: 360 return (T[]) Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size, a.getClass()); 361 System.arraycopy(elementData, 0, a, 0, size); 362 if (a.length > size) 363 a[size] = null; 364 return a; 365 } 366 367 // Positional Access Operations 368 369 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") 370 E elementData(int index) { 371 return (E) elementData[index]; 372 } 373 374 /** 375 * Returns the element at the specified position in this list. 376 * 377 * @param index index of the element to return 378 * @return the element at the specified position in this list 379 * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc} 380 */ 381 public E get(int index) { 382 rangeCheck(index); 383 384 return elementData(index); 385 } 386 387 /** 388 * Replaces the element at the specified position in this list with 389 * the specified element. 390 * 391 * @param index index of the element to replace 392 * @param element element to be stored at the specified position 393 * @return the element previously at the specified position 394 * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc} 395 */ 396 public E set(int index, E element) { 397 rangeCheck(index); 398 399 E oldValue = elementData(index); 400 elementData[index] = element; 401 return oldValue; 402 } 403 404 /** 405 * Appends the specified element to the end of this list. 406 * 407 * @param e element to be appended to this list 408 * @return <tt>true</tt> (as specified by {@link Collection#add}) 409 */ 410 public boolean add(E e) { 411 ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!! 412 elementData[size++] = e; 413 return true; 414 } 415 416 /** 417 * Inserts the specified element at the specified position in this 418 * list. Shifts the element currently at that position (if any) and 419 * any subsequent elements to the right (adds one to their indices). 420 * 421 * @param index index at which the specified element is to be inserted 422 * @param element element to be inserted 423 * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc} 424 */ 425 public void add(int index, E element) { 426 rangeCheckForAdd(index); 427 428 ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!! 429 System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1, 430 size - index); 431 elementData[index] = element; 432 size++; 433 } 434 435 /** 436 * Removes the element at the specified position in this list. 437 * Shifts any subsequent elements to the left (subtracts one from their 438 * indices). 439 * 440 * @param index the index of the element to be removed 441 * @return the element that was removed from the list 442 * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc} 443 */ 444 public E remove(int index) { 445 rangeCheck(index); 446 447 modCount++; 448 E oldValue = elementData(index); 449 450 int numMoved = size - index - 1; 451 if (numMoved > 0) 452 System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index, 453 numMoved); 454 elementData[--size] = null; // Let gc do its work 455 456 return oldValue; 457 } 458 459 /** 460 * Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from this list, 461 * if it is present. If the list does not contain the element, it is 462 * unchanged. More formally, removes the element with the lowest index 463 * <tt>i</tt> such that 464 * <tt>(o==null ? get(i)==null : o.equals(get(i)))</tt> 465 * (if such an element exists). Returns <tt>true</tt> if this list 466 * contained the specified element (or equivalently, if this list 467 * changed as a result of the call). 468 * 469 * @param o element to be removed from this list, if present 470 * @return <tt>true</tt> if this list contained the specified element 471 */ 472 public boolean remove(Object o) { 473 if (o == null) { 474 for (int index = 0; index < size; index++) 475 if (elementData[index] == null) { 476 fastRemove(index); 477 return true; 478 } 479 } else { 480 for (int index = 0; index < size; index++) 481 if (o.equals(elementData[index])) { 482 fastRemove(index); 483 return true; 484 } 485 } 486 return false; 487 } 488 489 /* 490 * Private remove method that skips bounds checking and does not 491 * return the value removed. 492 */ 493 private void fastRemove(int index) { 494 modCount++; 495 int numMoved = size - index - 1; 496 if (numMoved > 0) 497 System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index, 498 numMoved); 499 elementData[--size] = null; // Let gc do its work 500 } 501 502 /** 503 * Removes all of the elements from this list. The list will 504 * be empty after this call returns. 505 */ 506 public void clear() { 507 modCount++; 508 509 // Let gc do its work 510 for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) 511 elementData[i] = null; 512 513 size = 0; 514 } 515 516 /** 517 * Appends all of the elements in the specified collection to the end of 518 * this list, in the order that they are returned by the 519 * specified collection's Iterator. The behavior of this operation is 520 * undefined if the specified collection is modified while the operation 521 * is in progress. (This implies that the behavior of this call is 522 * undefined if the specified collection is this list, and this 523 * list is nonempty.) 524 * 525 * @param c collection containing elements to be added to this list 526 * @return <tt>true</tt> if this list changed as a result of the call 527 * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is null 528 */ 529 public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) { 530 Object[] a = c.toArray(); 531 int numNew = a.length; 532 ensureCapacityInternal(size + numNew); // Increments modCount 533 System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, size, numNew); 534 size += numNew; 535 return numNew != 0; 536 } 537 538 /** 539 * Inserts all of the elements in the specified collection into this 540 * list, starting at the specified position. Shifts the element 541 * currently at that position (if any) and any subsequent elements to 542 * the right (increases their indices). The new elements will appear 543 * in the list in the order that they are returned by the 544 * specified collection's iterator. 545 * 546 * @param index index at which to insert the first element from the 547 * specified collection 548 * @param c collection containing elements to be added to this list 549 * @return <tt>true</tt> if this list changed as a result of the call 550 * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc} 551 * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is null 552 */ 553 public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) { 554 rangeCheckForAdd(index); 555 556 Object[] a = c.toArray(); 557 int numNew = a.length; 558 ensureCapacityInternal(size + numNew); // Increments modCount 559 560 int numMoved = size - index; 561 if (numMoved > 0) 562 System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + numNew, 563 numMoved); 564 565 System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, index, numNew); 566 size += numNew; 567 return numNew != 0; 568 } 569 570 /** 571 * Removes from this list all of the elements whose index is between 572 * {@code fromIndex}, inclusive, and {@code toIndex}, exclusive. 573 * Shifts any succeeding elements to the left (reduces their index). 574 * This call shortens the list by {@code (toIndex - fromIndex)} elements. 575 * (If {@code toIndex==fromIndex}, this operation has no effect.) 576 * 577 * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if {@code fromIndex} or 578 * {@code toIndex} is out of range 579 * ({@code fromIndex < 0 || 580 * fromIndex >= size() || 581 * toIndex > size() || 582 * toIndex < fromIndex}) 583 */ 584 protected void removeRange(int fromIndex, int toIndex) { 585 modCount++; 586 int numMoved = size - toIndex; 587 System.arraycopy(elementData, toIndex, elementData, fromIndex, 588 numMoved); 589 590 // Let gc do its work 591 int newSize = size - (toIndex-fromIndex); 592 while (size != newSize) 593 elementData[--size] = null; 594 } 595 596 /** 597 * Checks if the given index is in range. If not, throws an appropriate 598 * runtime exception. This method does *not* check if the index is 599 * negative: It is always used immediately prior to an array access, 600 * which throws an ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException if index is negative. 601 */ 602 private void rangeCheck(int index) { 603 if (index >= size) 604 throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index)); 605 } 606 607 /** 608 * A version of rangeCheck used by add and addAll. 609 */ 610 private void rangeCheckForAdd(int index) { 611 if (index > size || index < 0) 612 throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index)); 613 } 614 615 /** 616 * Constructs an IndexOutOfBoundsException detail message. 617 * Of the many possible refactorings of the error handling code, 618 * this "outlining" performs best with both server and client VMs. 619 */ 620 private String outOfBoundsMsg(int index) { 621 return "Index: "+index+", Size: "+size; 622 } 623 624 /** 625 * Removes from this list all of its elements that are contained in the 626 * specified collection. 627 * 628 * @param c collection containing elements to be removed from this list 629 * @return {@code true} if this list changed as a result of the call 630 * @throws ClassCastException if the class of an element of this list 631 * is incompatible with the specified collection (optional) 632 * @throws NullPointerException if this list contains a null element and the 633 * specified collection does not permit null elements (optional), 634 * or if the specified collection is null 635 * @see Collection#contains(Object) 636 */ 637 public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c) { 638 return batchRemove(c, false); 639 } 640 641 /** 642 * Retains only the elements in this list that are contained in the 643 * specified collection. In other words, removes from this list all 644 * of its elements that are not contained in the specified collection. 645 * 646 * @param c collection containing elements to be retained in this list 647 * @return {@code true} if this list changed as a result of the call 648 * @throws ClassCastException if the class of an element of this list 649 * is incompatible with the specified collection (optional) 650 * @throws NullPointerException if this list contains a null element and the 651 * specified collection does not permit null elements (optional), 652 * or if the specified collection is null 653 * @see Collection#contains(Object) 654 */ 655 public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c) { 656 return batchRemove(c, true); 657 } 658 659 private boolean batchRemove(Collection<?> c, boolean complement) { 660 final Object[] elementData = this.elementData; 661 int r = 0, w = 0; 662 boolean modified = false; 663 try { 664 for (; r < size; r++) 665 if (c.contains(elementData[r]) == complement) 666 elementData[w++] = elementData[r]; 667 } finally { 668 // Preserve behavioral compatibility with AbstractCollection, 669 // even if c.contains() throws. 670 if (r != size) { 671 System.arraycopy(elementData, r, 672 elementData, w, 673 size - r); 674 w += size - r; 675 } 676 if (w != size) { 677 for (int i = w; i < size; i++) 678 elementData[i] = null; 679 modCount += size - w; 680 size = w; 681 modified = true; 682 } 683 } 684 return modified; 685 } 686 687 /** 688 * Save the state of the <tt>ArrayList</tt> instance to a stream (that 689 * is, serialize it). 690 * 691 * @serialData The length of the array backing the <tt>ArrayList</tt> 692 * instance is emitted (int), followed by all of its elements 693 * (each an <tt>Object</tt>) in the proper order. 694 */ 695 private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s) 696 throws java.io.IOException{ 697 // Write out element count, and any hidden stuff 698 int expectedModCount = modCount; 699 s.defaultWriteObject(); 700 701 // Write out array length 702 s.writeInt(elementData.length); 703 704 // Write out all elements in the proper order. 705 for (int i=0; i<size; i++) 706 s.writeObject(elementData[i]); 707 708 if (modCount != expectedModCount) { 709 throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); 710 } 711 712 } 713 714 /** 715 * Reconstitute the <tt>ArrayList</tt> instance from a stream (that is, 716 * deserialize it). 717 */ 718 private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s) 719 throws java.io.IOException, ClassNotFoundException { 720 // Read in size, and any hidden stuff 721 s.defaultReadObject(); 722 723 // Read in array length and allocate array 724 int arrayLength = s.readInt(); 725 Object[] a = elementData = new Object[arrayLength]; 726 727 // Read in all elements in the proper order. 728 for (int i=0; i<size; i++) 729 a[i] = s.readObject(); 730 } 731 732 /** 733 * Returns a list iterator over the elements in this list (in proper 734 * sequence), starting at the specified position in the list. 735 * The specified index indicates the first element that would be 736 * returned by an initial call to {@link ListIterator#next next}. 737 * An initial call to {@link ListIterator#previous previous} would 738 * return the element with the specified index minus one. 739 * 740 * <p>The returned list iterator is <a href="#fail-fast"><i>fail-fast</i></a>. 741 * 742 * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc} 743 */ 744 public ListIterator<E> listIterator(int index) { 745 if (index < 0 || index > size) 746 throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index: "+index); 747 return new ListItr(index); 748 } 749 750 /** 751 * Returns a list iterator over the elements in this list (in proper 752 * sequence). 753 * 754 * <p>The returned list iterator is <a href="#fail-fast"><i>fail-fast</i></a>. 755 * 756 * @see #listIterator(int) 757 */ 758 public ListIterator<E> listIterator() { 759 return new ListItr(0); 760 } 761 762 /** 763 * Returns an iterator over the elements in this list in proper sequence. 764 * 765 * <p>The returned iterator is <a href="#fail-fast"><i>fail-fast</i></a>. 766 * 767 * @return an iterator over the elements in this list in proper sequence 768 */ 769 public Iterator<E> iterator() { 770 return new Itr(); 771 } 772 773 /** 774 * An optimized version of AbstractList.Itr 775 */ 776 private class Itr implements Iterator<E> { 777 int cursor; // index of next element to return 778 int lastRet = -1; // index of last element returned; -1 if no such 779 int expectedModCount = modCount; 780 781 public boolean hasNext() { 782 return cursor != size; 783 } 784 785 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") 786 public E next() { 787 checkForComodification(); 788 int i = cursor; 789 if (i >= size) 790 throw new NoSuchElementException(); 791 Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData; 792 if (i >= elementData.length) 793 throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); 794 cursor = i + 1; 795 return (E) elementData[lastRet = i]; 796 } 797 798 public void remove() { 799 if (lastRet < 0) 800 throw new IllegalStateException(); 801 checkForComodification(); 802 803 try { 804 ArrayList.this.remove(lastRet); 805 cursor = lastRet; 806 lastRet = -1; 807 expectedModCount = modCount; 808 } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) { 809 throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); 810 } 811 } 812 813 final void checkForComodification() { 814 if (modCount != expectedModCount) 815 throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); 816 } 817 } 818 819 /** 820 * An optimized version of AbstractList.ListItr 821 */ 822 private class ListItr extends Itr implements ListIterator<E> { 823 ListItr(int index) { 824 super(); 825 cursor = index; 826 } 827 828 public boolean hasPrevious() { 829 return cursor != 0; 830 } 831 832 public int nextIndex() { 833 return cursor; 834 } 835 836 public int previousIndex() { 837 return cursor - 1; 838 } 839 840 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") 841 public E previous() { 842 checkForComodification(); 843 int i = cursor - 1; 844 if (i < 0) 845 throw new NoSuchElementException(); 846 Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData; 847 if (i >= elementData.length) 848 throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); 849 cursor = i; 850 return (E) elementData[lastRet = i]; 851 } 852 853 public void set(E e) { 854 if (lastRet < 0) 855 throw new IllegalStateException(); 856 checkForComodification(); 857 858 try { 859 ArrayList.this.set(lastRet, e); 860 } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) { 861 throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); 862 } 863 } 864 865 public void add(E e) { 866 checkForComodification(); 867 868 try { 869 int i = cursor; 870 ArrayList.this.add(i, e); 871 cursor = i + 1; 872 lastRet = -1; 873 expectedModCount = modCount; 874 } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) { 875 throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); 876 } 877 } 878 } 879 880 /** 881 * Returns a view of the portion of this list between the specified 882 * {@code fromIndex}, inclusive, and {@code toIndex}, exclusive. (If 883 * {@code fromIndex} and {@code toIndex} are equal, the returned list is 884 * empty.) The returned list is backed by this list, so non-structural 885 * changes in the returned list are reflected in this list, and vice-versa. 886 * The returned list supports all of the optional list operations. 887 * 888 * <p>This method eliminates the need for explicit range operations (of 889 * the sort that commonly exist for arrays). Any operation that expects 890 * a list can be used as a range operation by passing a subList view 891 * instead of a whole list. For example, the following idiom 892 * removes a range of elements from a list: 893 * <pre> 894 * list.subList(from, to).clear(); 895 * </pre> 896 * Similar idioms may be constructed for {@link #indexOf(Object)} and 897 * {@link #lastIndexOf(Object)}, and all of the algorithms in the 898 * {@link Collections} class can be applied to a subList. 899 * 900 * <p>The semantics of the list returned by this method become undefined if 901 * the backing list (i.e., this list) is <i>structurally modified</i> in 902 * any way other than via the returned list. (Structural modifications are 903 * those that change the size of this list, or otherwise perturb it in such 904 * a fashion that iterations in progress may yield incorrect results.) 905 * 906 * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc} 907 * @throws IllegalArgumentException {@inheritDoc} 908 */ 909 public List<E> subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex) { 910 subListRangeCheck(fromIndex, toIndex, size); 911 return new SubList(this, 0, fromIndex, toIndex); 912 } 913 914 static void subListRangeCheck(int fromIndex, int toIndex, int size) { 915 if (fromIndex < 0) 916 throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("fromIndex = " + fromIndex); 917 if (toIndex > size) 918 throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("toIndex = " + toIndex); 919 if (fromIndex > toIndex) 920 throw new IllegalArgumentException("fromIndex(" + fromIndex + 921 ") > toIndex(" + toIndex + ")"); 922 } 923 924 private class SubList extends AbstractList<E> implements RandomAccess { 925 private final AbstractList<E> parent; 926 private final int parentOffset; 927 private final int offset; 928 int size; 929 930 SubList(AbstractList<E> parent, 931 int offset, int fromIndex, int toIndex) { 932 this.parent = parent; 933 this.parentOffset = fromIndex; 934 this.offset = offset + fromIndex; 935 this.size = toIndex - fromIndex; 936 this.modCount = ArrayList.this.modCount; 937 } 938 939 public E set(int index, E e) { 940 rangeCheck(index); 941 checkForComodification(); 942 E oldValue = ArrayList.this.elementData(offset + index); 943 ArrayList.this.elementData[offset + index] = e; 944 return oldValue; 945 } 946 947 public E get(int index) { 948 rangeCheck(index); 949 checkForComodification(); 950 return ArrayList.this.elementData(offset + index); 951 } 952 953 public int size() { 954 checkForComodification(); 955 return this.size; 956 } 957 958 public void add(int index, E e) { 959 rangeCheckForAdd(index); 960 checkForComodification(); 961 parent.add(parentOffset + index, e); 962 this.modCount = parent.modCount; 963 this.size++; 964 } 965 966 public E remove(int index) { 967 rangeCheck(index); 968 checkForComodification(); 969 E result = parent.remove(parentOffset + index); 970 this.modCount = parent.modCount; 971 this.size--; 972 return result; 973 } 974 975 protected void removeRange(int fromIndex, int toIndex) { 976 checkForComodification(); 977 parent.removeRange(parentOffset + fromIndex, 978 parentOffset + toIndex); 979 this.modCount = parent.modCount; 980 this.size -= toIndex - fromIndex; 981 } 982 983 public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) { 984 return addAll(this.size, c); 985 } 986 987 public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) { 988 rangeCheckForAdd(index); 989 int cSize = c.size(); 990 if (cSize==0) 991 return false; 992 993 checkForComodification(); 994 parent.addAll(parentOffset + index, c); 995 this.modCount = parent.modCount; 996 this.size += cSize; 997 return true; 998 } 999 1000 public Iterator<E> iterator() { 1001 return listIterator(); 1002 } 1003 1004 public ListIterator<E> listIterator(final int index) { 1005 checkForComodification(); 1006 rangeCheckForAdd(index); 1007 final int offset = this.offset; 1008 1009 return new ListIterator<E>() { 1010 int cursor = index; 1011 int lastRet = -1; 1012 int expectedModCount = ArrayList.this.modCount; 1013 1014 public boolean hasNext() { 1015 return cursor != SubList.this.size; 1016 } 1017 1018 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") 1019 public E next() { 1020 checkForComodification(); 1021 int i = cursor; 1022 if (i >= SubList.this.size) 1023 throw new NoSuchElementException(); 1024 Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData; 1025 if (offset + i >= elementData.length) 1026 throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); 1027 cursor = i + 1; 1028 return (E) elementData[offset + (lastRet = i)]; 1029 } 1030 1031 public boolean hasPrevious() { 1032 return cursor != 0; 1033 } 1034 1035 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") 1036 public E previous() { 1037 checkForComodification(); 1038 int i = cursor - 1; 1039 if (i < 0) 1040 throw new NoSuchElementException(); 1041 Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData; 1042 if (offset + i >= elementData.length) 1043 throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); 1044 cursor = i; 1045 return (E) elementData[offset + (lastRet = i)]; 1046 } 1047 1048 public int nextIndex() { 1049 return cursor; 1050 } 1051 1052 public int previousIndex() { 1053 return cursor - 1; 1054 } 1055 1056 public void remove() { 1057 if (lastRet < 0) 1058 throw new IllegalStateException(); 1059 checkForComodification(); 1060 1061 try { 1062 SubList.this.remove(lastRet); 1063 cursor = lastRet; 1064 lastRet = -1; 1065 expectedModCount = ArrayList.this.modCount; 1066 } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) { 1067 throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); 1068 } 1069 } 1070 1071 public void set(E e) { 1072 if (lastRet < 0) 1073 throw new IllegalStateException(); 1074 checkForComodification(); 1075 1076 try { 1077 ArrayList.this.set(offset + lastRet, e); 1078 } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) { 1079 throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); 1080 } 1081 } 1082 1083 public void add(E e) { 1084 checkForComodification(); 1085 1086 try { 1087 int i = cursor; 1088 SubList.this.add(i, e); 1089 cursor = i + 1; 1090 lastRet = -1; 1091 expectedModCount = ArrayList.this.modCount; 1092 } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) { 1093 throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); 1094 } 1095 } 1096 1097 final void checkForComodification() { 1098 if (expectedModCount != ArrayList.this.modCount) 1099 throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); 1100 } 1101 }; 1102 } 1103 1104 public List<E> subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex) { 1105 subListRangeCheck(fromIndex, toIndex, size); 1106 return new SubList(this, offset, fromIndex, toIndex); 1107 } 1108 1109 private void rangeCheck(int index) { 1110 if (index < 0 || index >= this.size) 1111 throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index)); 1112 } 1113 1114 private void rangeCheckForAdd(int index) { 1115 if (index < 0 || index > this.size) 1116 throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index)); 1117 } 1118 1119 private String outOfBoundsMsg(int index) { 1120 return "Index: "+index+", Size: "+this.size; 1121 } 1122 1123 private void checkForComodification() { 1124 if (ArrayList.this.modCount != this.modCount) 1125 throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); 1126 } 1127 } 1128 }