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   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
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   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
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  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
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  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
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  25 
  26 /* @test
  27  * @bug 8139885
  28  * @bug 8143798
  29  * @bug 8150825
  30  * @bug 8150635
  31  * @run testng/othervm -ea -esa test.java.lang.invoke.T8139885
  32  */
  33 
  34 package test.java.lang.invoke;
  35 
  36 import java.io.StringWriter;
  37 import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandle;
  38 import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles;
  39 import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup;
  40 import java.lang.invoke.MethodType;
  41 import java.lang.invoke.WrongMethodTypeException;
  42 import java.util.*;
  43 
  44 import static java.lang.invoke.MethodType.methodType;
  45 
  46 import static org.testng.AssertJUnit.*;
  47 
  48 import org.testng.annotations.*;
  49 
  50 /**
  51  * Example-scale and negative tests for JEP 274 extensions.
  52  */
  53 public class T8139885 {
  54 
  55     static final Lookup LOOKUP = MethodHandles.lookup();
  56 
  57     //
  58     // Tests.
  59     //
  60 
  61     @Test
  62     public static void testLoopFac() throws Throwable {
  63         MethodHandle[] counterClause = new MethodHandle[]{Fac.MH_zero, Fac.MH_inc};
  64         MethodHandle[] accumulatorClause = new MethodHandle[]{Fac.MH_one, Fac.MH_mult, Fac.MH_pred, Fac.MH_fin};
  65         MethodHandle loop = MethodHandles.loop(counterClause, accumulatorClause);
  66         assertEquals(Fac.MT_fac, loop.type());
  67         assertEquals(120, loop.invoke(5));
  68     }
  69 
  70     @Test
  71     public static void testLoopFacNullInit() throws Throwable {
  72         // null initializer for counter, should initialize to 0
  73         MethodHandle[] counterClause = new MethodHandle[]{null, Fac.MH_inc};
  74         MethodHandle[] accumulatorClause = new MethodHandle[]{Fac.MH_one, Fac.MH_mult, Fac.MH_pred, Fac.MH_fin};
  75         MethodHandle loop = MethodHandles.loop(counterClause, accumulatorClause);
  76         assertEquals(Fac.MT_fac, loop.type());
  77         assertEquals(120, loop.invoke(5));
  78     }
  79 
  80     @Test
  81     public static void testLoopNullInit() throws Throwable {
  82         // null initializer for counter, should initialize to 0, one-clause loop
  83         MethodHandle[] counterClause = new MethodHandle[]{null, Loop.MH_inc, Loop.MH_pred, Loop.MH_fin};
  84         MethodHandle loop = MethodHandles.loop(counterClause);
  85         assertEquals(Loop.MT_loop, loop.type());
  86         assertEquals(10, loop.invoke(10));
  87     }
  88 
  89     @Test
  90     public static void testLoopVoid1() throws Throwable {
  91         // construct a post-checked loop that only does one iteration and has a void body and void local state
  92         MethodHandle loop = MethodHandles.loop(new MethodHandle[]{Empty.MH_f, Empty.MH_f, Empty.MH_pred, null});
  93         assertEquals(MethodType.methodType(void.class), loop.type());
  94         loop.invoke();
  95     }
  96 
  97     @Test
  98     public static void testLoopVoid2() throws Throwable {
  99         // construct a post-checked loop that only does one iteration and has a void body and void local state,
 100         // initialized implicitly from the step type
 101         MethodHandle loop = MethodHandles.loop(new MethodHandle[]{null, Empty.MH_f, Empty.MH_pred, null});
 102         assertEquals(MethodType.methodType(void.class), loop.type());
 103         loop.invoke();
 104     }
 105 
 106     @Test
 107     public static void testLoopVoid3() throws Throwable {
 108         // construct a post-checked loop that only does one iteration and has a void body and void local state,
 109         // and that has a void finalizer
 110         MethodHandle loop = MethodHandles.loop(new MethodHandle[]{null, Empty.MH_f, Empty.MH_pred, Empty.MH_f});
 111         assertEquals(MethodType.methodType(void.class), loop.type());
 112         loop.invoke();
 113     }
 114 
 115     @Test
 116     public static void testLoopFacWithVoidState() throws Throwable {
 117         // like testLoopFac, but with additional void state that outputs a dot
 118         MethodHandle[] counterClause = new MethodHandle[]{Fac.MH_zero, Fac.MH_inc};
 119         MethodHandle[] accumulatorClause = new MethodHandle[]{Fac.MH_one, Fac.MH_mult, Fac.MH_pred, Fac.MH_fin};
 120         MethodHandle[] dotClause = new MethodHandle[]{null, Fac.MH_dot};
 121         MethodHandle loop = MethodHandles.loop(counterClause, accumulatorClause, dotClause);
 122         assertEquals(Fac.MT_fac, loop.type());
 123         assertEquals(120, loop.invoke(5));
 124     }
 125 
 126     @Test
 127     public static void testLoopVoidInt() throws Throwable {
 128         // construct a post-checked loop that only does one iteration and has a void body and void local state,
 129         // and that returns a constant
 130         MethodHandle loop = MethodHandles.loop(new MethodHandle[]{null, Empty.MH_f, Empty.MH_pred, Empty.MH_c});
 131         assertEquals(MethodType.methodType(int.class), loop.type());
 132         assertEquals(23, loop.invoke());
 133     }
 134 
 135     @Test
 136     public static void testLoopWithVirtuals() throws Throwable {
 137         // construct a loop (to calculate factorial) that uses a mix of static and virtual methods
 138         MethodHandle[] counterClause = new MethodHandle[]{null, LoopWithVirtuals.permute(LoopWithVirtuals.MH_inc)};
 139         MethodHandle[] accumulatorClause = new MethodHandle[]{
 140                 // init function must indicate the loop arguments (there is no other means to determine them)
 141                 MethodHandles.dropArguments(LoopWithVirtuals.MH_one, 0, LoopWithVirtuals.class),
 142                 LoopWithVirtuals.permute(LoopWithVirtuals.MH_mult),
 143                 LoopWithVirtuals.permute(LoopWithVirtuals.MH_pred),
 144                 LoopWithVirtuals.permute(LoopWithVirtuals.MH_fin)
 145         };
 146         MethodHandle loop = MethodHandles.loop(counterClause, accumulatorClause);
 147         assertEquals(LoopWithVirtuals.MT_loop, loop.type());
 148         assertEquals(120, loop.invoke(new LoopWithVirtuals(), 5));
 149     }
 150 
 151     @Test
 152     public static void testLoopNegative() throws Throwable {
 153         MethodHandle mh_loop =
 154                 LOOKUP.findStatic(MethodHandles.class, "loop", methodType(MethodHandle.class, MethodHandle[][].class));
 155         MethodHandle i0 = MethodHandles.constant(int.class, 0);
 156         MethodHandle ii = MethodHandles.dropArguments(i0, 0, int.class, int.class);
 157         MethodHandle id = MethodHandles.dropArguments(i0, 0, int.class, double.class);
 158         MethodHandle i3 = MethodHandles.dropArguments(i0, 0, int.class, int.class, int.class);
 159         List<MethodHandle> inits = Arrays.asList(ii, id, i3);
 160         List<Class<?>> ints = Arrays.asList(int.class, int.class, int.class);
 161         List<MethodHandle> finis = Arrays.asList(Fac.MH_fin, Fac.MH_inc, Counted.MH_step);
 162         List<MethodHandle> preds1 = Arrays.asList(null, null, null);
 163         List<MethodHandle> preds2 = Arrays.asList(null, Fac.MH_fin, null);
 164         MethodHandle eek = MethodHandles.dropArguments(i0, 0, int.class, int.class, double.class);
 165         List<MethodHandle> nesteps = Arrays.asList(Fac.MH_inc, eek, Fac.MH_dot);
 166         List<MethodHandle> nepreds = Arrays.asList(null, Fac.MH_pred, null);
 167         List<MethodHandle> nefinis = Arrays.asList(null, Fac.MH_fin, null);
 168         List<MethodHandle> lvsteps = Arrays.asList(LoopWithVirtuals.MH_inc, LoopWithVirtuals.MH_mult);
 169         List<MethodHandle> lvpreds = Arrays.asList(null, LoopWithVirtuals.MH_pred);
 170         List<MethodHandle> lvfinis = Arrays.asList(null, LoopWithVirtuals.MH_fin);
 171         MethodHandle[][][] cases = {
 172                 /*  1 */ null,
 173                 /*  2 */ {},
 174                 /*  3 */ {{null, Fac.MH_inc}, {Fac.MH_one, null, Fac.MH_mult, Fac.MH_pred, Fac.MH_fin}},
 175                 /*  4 */ {{null, Fac.MH_inc}, null},
 176                 /*  5 */ {{Fac.MH_zero, Fac.MH_dot}},
 177                 /*  6 */ {{ii}, {id}, {i3}},
 178                 /*  7 */ {{null, Fac.MH_inc, null, Fac.MH_fin}, {null, Fac.MH_inc, null, Fac.MH_inc},
 179                             {null, Counted.MH_start, null, Counted.MH_step}},
 180                 /*  8 */ {{Fac.MH_zero, Fac.MH_inc}, {Fac.MH_one, Fac.MH_mult, null, Fac.MH_fin}, {null, Fac.MH_dot}},
 181                 /*  9 */ {{Fac.MH_zero, Fac.MH_inc}, {Fac.MH_one, Fac.MH_mult, Fac.MH_fin, Fac.MH_fin}, {null, Fac.MH_dot}},
 182                 /* 10 */ {{Fac.MH_zero, Fac.MH_inc}, {Fac.MH_one, eek, Fac.MH_pred, Fac.MH_fin}, {null, Fac.MH_dot}},
 183                 /* 11 */ {{null, LoopWithVirtuals.MH_inc}, {LoopWithVirtuals.MH_one, LoopWithVirtuals.MH_mult, LoopWithVirtuals.MH_pred, LoopWithVirtuals.MH_fin}}
 184         };
 185         String[] messages = {
 186                 /*  1 */ "null or no clauses passed",
 187                 /*  2 */ "null or no clauses passed",
 188                 /*  3 */ "All loop clauses must be represented as MethodHandle arrays with at most 4 elements.",
 189                 /*  4 */ "null clauses are not allowed",
 190                 /*  5 */ "clause 0: init and step return types must match: int != void",
 191                 /*  6 */ "found non-effectively identical init parameter type lists: " + inits +
 192                             " (common suffix: " + ints + ")",
 193                 /*  7 */ "found non-identical finalizer return types: " + finis + " (return type: int)",
 194                 /*  8 */ "no predicate found: " + preds1,
 195                 /*  9 */ "predicates must have boolean return type: " + preds2,
 196                 /* 10 */ "found non-effectively identical parameter type lists:\nstep: " + nesteps +
 197                             "\npred: " + nepreds + "\nfini: " + nefinis + " (common parameter sequence: " + ints + ")",
 198                 /* 11 */ "found non-effectively identical parameter type lists:\nstep: " + lvsteps +
 199                             "\npred: " + lvpreds + "\nfini: " + lvfinis + " (common parameter sequence: " + ints + ")"
 200         };
 201         for (int i = 0; i < cases.length; ++i) {
 202             boolean caught = false;
 203             try {
 204                 mh_loop.invokeWithArguments(cases[i]);
 205             } catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
 206                 assertEquals(messages[i], iae.getMessage());
 207                 caught = true;
 208             }
 209             assertTrue(caught);
 210         }
 211     }
 212 
 213     @Test
 214     public static void testWhileLoop() throws Throwable {
 215         // int i = 0; while (i < limit) { ++i; } return i; => limit
 216         MethodHandle loop = MethodHandles.whileLoop(While.MH_zero, While.MH_pred, While.MH_step);
 217         assertEquals(While.MT_while, loop.type());
 218         assertEquals(23, loop.invoke(23));
 219     }
 220 
 221     @Test
 222     public static void testWhileLoopNoIteration() throws Throwable {
 223         // a while loop that never executes its body because the predicate evaluates to false immediately
 224         MethodHandle loop = MethodHandles.whileLoop(While.MH_initString, While.MH_predString, While.MH_stepString);
 225         assertEquals(While.MT_string, loop.type());
 226         assertEquals("a", loop.invoke());
 227     }
 228 
 229     @Test
 230     public static void testDoWhileLoop() throws Throwable {
 231         // int i = 0; do { ++i; } while (i < limit); return i; => limit
 232         MethodHandle loop = MethodHandles.doWhileLoop(While.MH_zero, While.MH_step, While.MH_pred);
 233         assertEquals(While.MT_while, loop.type());
 234         assertEquals(23, loop.invoke(23));
 235     }
 236 
 237     @Test
 238     public static void testWhileZip() throws Throwable {
 239         MethodHandle loop = MethodHandles.doWhileLoop(While.MH_zipInitZip, While.MH_zipStep, While.MH_zipPred);
 240         assertEquals(While.MT_zip, loop.type());
 241         List<String> a = Arrays.asList("a", "b", "c", "d");
 242         List<String> b = Arrays.asList("e", "f", "g", "h");
 243         List<String> zipped = Arrays.asList("a", "e", "b", "f", "c", "g", "d", "h");
 244         assertEquals(zipped, (List<String>) loop.invoke(a.iterator(), b.iterator()));
 245     }
 246 
 247     @Test
 248     public static void testCountedLoop() throws Throwable {
 249         // String s = "Lambdaman!"; for (int i = 0; i < 13; ++i) { s = "na " + s; } return s; => a variation on a well known theme
 250         MethodHandle fit13 = MethodHandles.constant(int.class, 13);
 251         MethodHandle loop = MethodHandles.countedLoop(fit13, Counted.MH_start, Counted.MH_step);
 252         assertEquals(Counted.MT_counted, loop.type());
 253         assertEquals("na na na na na na na na na na na na na Lambdaman!", loop.invoke("Lambdaman!"));
 254     }
 255 
 256     @Test
 257     public static void testCountedArrayLoop() throws Throwable {
 258         // int[] a = new int[]{0}; for (int i = 0; i < 13; ++i) { ++a[0]; } => a[0] == 13
 259         MethodHandle fit13 = MethodHandles.dropArguments(MethodHandles.constant(int.class, 13), 0, int[].class);
 260         MethodHandle loop = MethodHandles.countedLoop(fit13, null, Counted.MH_stepUpdateArray);
 261         assertEquals(Counted.MT_arrayCounted, loop.type());
 262         int[] a = new int[]{0};
 263         loop.invoke(a);
 264         assertEquals(13, a[0]);
 265     }
 266 
 267     @Test
 268     public static void testCountedPrintingLoop() throws Throwable {
 269         MethodHandle fit5 = MethodHandles.constant(int.class, 5);
 270         MethodHandle loop = MethodHandles.countedLoop(fit5, null, Counted.MH_printHello);
 271         assertEquals(Counted.MT_countedPrinting, loop.type());
 272         loop.invoke();
 273     }
 274 
 275     @Test
 276     public static void testCountedRangeLoop() throws Throwable {
 277         // String s = "Lambdaman!"; for (int i = -5; i < 8; ++i) { s = "na " + s; } return s; => a well known theme
 278         MethodHandle fitm5 = MethodHandles.dropArguments(Counted.MH_m5, 0, String.class);
 279         MethodHandle fit8 = MethodHandles.dropArguments(Counted.MH_8, 0, String.class);
 280         MethodHandle loop = MethodHandles.countedLoop(fitm5, fit8, Counted.MH_start, Counted.MH_step);
 281         assertEquals(Counted.MT_counted, loop.type());
 282         assertEquals("na na na na na na na na na na na na na Lambdaman!", loop.invoke("Lambdaman!"));
 283     }
 284 
 285     @Test
 286     public static void testIterateSum() throws Throwable {
 287         // Integer[] a = new Integer[]{1,2,3,4,5,6}; int sum = 0; for (int e : a) { sum += e; } return sum; => 21
 288         MethodHandle loop = MethodHandles.iteratedLoop(Iterate.MH_sumIterator, Iterate.MH_sumInit, Iterate.MH_sumStep);
 289         assertEquals(Iterate.MT_sum, loop.type());
 290         assertEquals(21, loop.invoke(new Integer[]{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}));
 291     }
 292 
 293     @Test
 294     public static void testIterateReverse() throws Throwable {
 295         MethodHandle loop = MethodHandles.iteratedLoop(null, Iterate.MH_reverseInit, Iterate.MH_reverseStep);
 296         assertEquals(Iterate.MT_reverse, loop.type());
 297         List<String> list = Arrays.asList("a", "b", "c", "d", "e");
 298         List<String> reversedList = Arrays.asList("e", "d", "c", "b", "a");
 299         assertEquals(reversedList, (List<String>) loop.invoke(list));
 300     }
 301 
 302     @Test
 303     public static void testIterateLength() throws Throwable {
 304         MethodHandle loop = MethodHandles.iteratedLoop(null, Iterate.MH_lengthInit, Iterate.MH_lengthStep);
 305         assertEquals(Iterate.MT_length, loop.type());
 306         List<Double> list = Arrays.asList(23.0, 148.0, 42.0);
 307         assertEquals(list.size(), (int) loop.invoke(list));
 308     }
 309 
 310     @Test
 311     public static void testIterateMap() throws Throwable {
 312         MethodHandle loop = MethodHandles.iteratedLoop(null, Iterate.MH_mapInit, Iterate.MH_mapStep);
 313         assertEquals(Iterate.MT_map, loop.type());
 314         List<String> list = Arrays.asList("Hello", "world", "!");
 315         List<String> upList = Arrays.asList("HELLO", "WORLD", "!");
 316         assertEquals(upList, (List<String>) loop.invoke(list));
 317     }
 318 
 319     @Test
 320     public static void testIteratePrint() throws Throwable {
 321         MethodHandle loop = MethodHandles.iteratedLoop(null, null, Iterate.MH_printStep);
 322         assertEquals(Iterate.MT_print, loop.type());
 323         loop.invoke(Arrays.asList("hello", "world"));
 324     }
 325 
 326     @Test
 327     public static void testIterateNullBody() {
 328         boolean caught = false;
 329         try {
 330             MethodHandles.iteratedLoop(MethodHandles.identity(int.class), MethodHandles.identity(int.class), null);
 331         } catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
 332             assertEquals("iterated loop body must not be null", iae.getMessage());
 333             caught = true;
 334         }
 335         assertTrue(caught);
 336     }
 337 
 338     @Test
 339     public static void testTryFinally() throws Throwable {
 340         MethodHandle hello = MethodHandles.tryFinally(TryFinally.MH_greet, TryFinally.MH_exclaim);
 341         assertEquals(TryFinally.MT_hello, hello.type());
 342         assertEquals("Hello, world!", hello.invoke("world"));
 343     }
 344 
 345     @Test
 346     public static void testTryFinallyVoid() throws Throwable {
 347         MethodHandle tfVoid = MethodHandles.tryFinally(TryFinally.MH_print, TryFinally.MH_printMore);
 348         assertEquals(TryFinally.MT_printHello, tfVoid.type());
 349         tfVoid.invoke("world");
 350     }
 351 
 352     @Test
 353     public static void testTryFinallySublist() throws Throwable {
 354         MethodHandle helloMore = MethodHandles.tryFinally(TryFinally.MH_greetMore, TryFinally.MH_exclaimMore);
 355         assertEquals(TryFinally.MT_moreHello, helloMore.type());
 356         assertEquals("Hello, world and universe (but world first)!", helloMore.invoke("world", "universe"));
 357     }
 358 
 359     @Test
 360     public static void testTryFinallyNegative() {
 361         MethodHandle intid = MethodHandles.identity(int.class);
 362         MethodHandle intco = MethodHandles.constant(int.class, 0);
 363         MethodHandle errTarget = MethodHandles.dropArguments(intco, 0, int.class, double.class, String.class, int.class);
 364         MethodHandle errCleanup = MethodHandles.dropArguments(MethodHandles.constant(int.class, 0), 0, Throwable.class,
 365                 int.class, double.class, Object.class);
 366         MethodHandle[][] cases = {
 367                 {intid, MethodHandles.identity(double.class)},
 368                 {intid, MethodHandles.dropArguments(intid, 0, String.class)},
 369                 {intid, MethodHandles.dropArguments(intid, 0, Throwable.class, double.class)},
 370                 {errTarget, errCleanup},
 371                 {TryFinally.MH_voidTarget, TryFinally.MH_voidCleanup}
 372         };
 373         String[] messages = {
 374                 "target and return types must match: double != int",
 375                 "cleanup first argument and Throwable must match: (String,int)int != class java.lang.Throwable",
 376                 "cleanup second argument and target return type must match: (Throwable,double,int)int != int",
 377                 "cleanup parameters after (Throwable,result) and target parameter list prefix must match: " +
 378                         errCleanup.type() + " != " + errTarget.type(),
 379                 "cleanup parameters after (Throwable,result) and target parameter list prefix must match: " +
 380                         TryFinally.MH_voidCleanup.type() + " != " + TryFinally.MH_voidTarget.type()
 381         };
 382         for (int i = 0; i < cases.length; ++i) {
 383             boolean caught = false;
 384             try {
 385                 MethodHandles.tryFinally(cases[i][0], cases[i][1]);
 386             } catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
 387                 assertEquals(messages[i], iae.getMessage());
 388                 caught = true;
 389             }
 390             assertTrue(caught);
 391         }
 392     }
 393 
 394     @Test
 395     public static void testFold0a() throws Throwable {
 396         // equivalence to foldArguments(MethodHandle,MethodHandle)
 397         MethodHandle fold = MethodHandles.foldArguments(Fold.MH_multer, 0, Fold.MH_adder);
 398         assertEquals(Fold.MT_folded1, fold.type());
 399         assertEquals(720, (int) fold.invoke(3, 4, 5));
 400     }
 401 
 402     @Test
 403     public static void testFold1a() throws Throwable {
 404         // test foldArguments for folding position 1
 405         MethodHandle fold = MethodHandles.foldArguments(Fold.MH_multer, 1, Fold.MH_adder1);
 406         assertEquals(Fold.MT_folded1, fold.type());
 407         assertEquals(540, (int) fold.invoke(3, 4, 5));
 408     }
 409 
 410     @Test
 411     public static void testFold0b() throws Throwable {
 412         // test foldArguments equivalence with multiple types
 413         MethodHandle fold = MethodHandles.foldArguments(Fold.MH_str, 0, Fold.MH_comb);
 414         assertEquals(Fold.MT_folded2, fold.type());
 415         assertEquals(23, (int) fold.invoke("true", true, 23));
 416     }
 417 
 418     @Test
 419     public static void testFold1b() throws Throwable {
 420         // test folgArguments for folding position 1, with multiple types
 421         MethodHandle fold = MethodHandles.foldArguments(Fold.MH_str, 1, Fold.MH_comb2);
 422         assertEquals(Fold.MT_folded3, fold.type());
 423         assertEquals(1, (int) fold.invoke(true, true, 1));
 424         assertEquals(-1, (int) fold.invoke(true, false, -1));
 425     }
 426 
 427     @Test
 428     public static void testFoldArgumentsExample() throws Throwable {
 429         // test the JavaDoc foldArguments-with-pos example
 430         StringWriter swr = new StringWriter();
 431         MethodHandle trace = LOOKUP.findVirtual(StringWriter.class, "write", methodType(void.class, String.class)).bindTo(swr);
 432         MethodHandle cat = LOOKUP.findVirtual(String.class, "concat", methodType(String.class, String.class));
 433         assertEquals("boojum", (String) cat.invokeExact("boo", "jum"));
 434         MethodHandle catTrace = MethodHandles.foldArguments(cat, 1, trace);
 435         assertEquals("boojum", (String) catTrace.invokeExact("boo", "jum"));
 436         assertEquals("jum", swr.toString());
 437     }
 438 
 439     @Test
 440     public static void testAsSpreader() throws Throwable {
 441         MethodHandle spreader = SpreadCollect.MH_forSpreading.asSpreader(1, int[].class, 3);
 442         assertEquals(SpreadCollect.MT_spreader, spreader.type());
 443         assertEquals("A456B", (String) spreader.invoke("A", new int[]{4, 5, 6}, "B"));
 444     }
 445 
 446     @Test
 447     public static void testAsSpreaderExample() throws Throwable {
 448         // test the JavaDoc asSpreader-with-pos example
 449         MethodHandle compare = LOOKUP.findStatic(Objects.class, "compare", methodType(int.class, Object.class, Object.class, Comparator.class));
 450         MethodHandle compare2FromArray = compare.asSpreader(0, Object[].class, 2);
 451         Object[] ints = new Object[]{3, 9, 7, 7};
 452         Comparator<Integer> cmp = (a, b) -> a - b;
 453         assertTrue((int) compare2FromArray.invoke(Arrays.copyOfRange(ints, 0, 2), cmp) < 0);
 454         assertTrue((int) compare2FromArray.invoke(Arrays.copyOfRange(ints, 1, 3), cmp) > 0);
 455         assertTrue((int) compare2FromArray.invoke(Arrays.copyOfRange(ints, 2, 4), cmp) == 0);
 456     }
 457 
 458     @Test
 459     public static void testAsSpreaderIllegalPos() throws Throwable {
 460         int[] illegalPos = {-7, 3, 19};
 461         int caught = 0;
 462         for (int p : illegalPos) {
 463             try {
 464                 SpreadCollect.MH_forSpreading.asSpreader(p, Object[].class, 3);
 465             } catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
 466                 assertEquals("bad spread position", iae.getMessage());
 467                 ++caught;
 468             }
 469         }
 470         assertEquals(illegalPos.length, caught);
 471     }
 472 
 473     @Test
 474     public static void testAsSpreaderIllegalMethodType() throws Throwable {
 475         MethodHandle h = MethodHandles.dropArguments(MethodHandles.constant(String.class, ""), 0, int.class, int.class);
 476         boolean caught = false;
 477         try {
 478             MethodHandle s = h.asSpreader(String[].class, 1);
 479         } catch (WrongMethodTypeException wmte) {
 480             caught = true;
 481         }
 482         assertTrue(caught);
 483     }
 484 
 485     @Test
 486     public static void testAsCollector() throws Throwable {
 487         MethodHandle collector = SpreadCollect.MH_forCollecting.asCollector(1, int[].class, 1);
 488         assertEquals(SpreadCollect.MT_collector1, collector.type());
 489         assertEquals("A4B", (String) collector.invoke("A", 4, "B"));
 490         collector = SpreadCollect.MH_forCollecting.asCollector(1, int[].class, 2);
 491         assertEquals(SpreadCollect.MT_collector2, collector.type());
 492         assertEquals("A45B", (String) collector.invoke("A", 4, 5, "B"));
 493         collector = SpreadCollect.MH_forCollecting.asCollector(1, int[].class, 3);
 494         assertEquals(SpreadCollect.MT_collector3, collector.type());
 495         assertEquals("A456B", (String) collector.invoke("A", 4, 5, 6, "B"));
 496     }
 497 
 498     @Test
 499     public static void testAsCollectorInvokeWithArguments() throws Throwable {
 500         MethodHandle collector = SpreadCollect.MH_forCollecting.asCollector(1, int[].class, 1);
 501         assertEquals(SpreadCollect.MT_collector1, collector.type());
 502         assertEquals("A4B", (String) collector.invokeWithArguments("A", 4, "B"));
 503         collector = SpreadCollect.MH_forCollecting.asCollector(1, int[].class, 2);
 504         assertEquals(SpreadCollect.MT_collector2, collector.type());
 505         assertEquals("A45B", (String) collector.invokeWithArguments("A", 4, 5, "B"));
 506         collector = SpreadCollect.MH_forCollecting.asCollector(1, int[].class, 3);
 507         assertEquals(SpreadCollect.MT_collector3, collector.type());
 508         assertEquals("A456B", (String) collector.invokeWithArguments("A", 4, 5, 6, "B"));
 509     }
 510 
 511     @Test
 512     public static void testAsCollectorLeading() throws Throwable {
 513         MethodHandle collector = SpreadCollect.MH_forCollectingLeading.asCollector(0, int[].class, 1);
 514         assertEquals(SpreadCollect.MT_collectorLeading1, collector.type());
 515         assertEquals("7Q", (String) collector.invoke(7, "Q"));
 516         collector = SpreadCollect.MH_forCollectingLeading.asCollector(0, int[].class, 2);
 517         assertEquals(SpreadCollect.MT_collectorLeading2, collector.type());
 518         assertEquals("78Q", (String) collector.invoke(7, 8, "Q"));
 519         collector = SpreadCollect.MH_forCollectingLeading.asCollector(0, int[].class, 3);
 520         assertEquals(SpreadCollect.MT_collectorLeading3, collector.type());
 521         assertEquals("789Q", (String) collector.invoke(7, 8, 9, "Q"));
 522     }
 523 
 524     @Test
 525     public static void testAsCollectorLeadingInvokeWithArguments() throws Throwable {
 526         MethodHandle collector = SpreadCollect.MH_forCollectingLeading.asCollector(0, int[].class, 1);
 527         assertEquals(SpreadCollect.MT_collectorLeading1, collector.type());
 528         assertEquals("7Q", (String) collector.invokeWithArguments(7, "Q"));
 529         collector = SpreadCollect.MH_forCollectingLeading.asCollector(0, int[].class, 2);
 530         assertEquals(SpreadCollect.MT_collectorLeading2, collector.type());
 531         assertEquals("78Q", (String) collector.invokeWithArguments(7, 8, "Q"));
 532         collector = SpreadCollect.MH_forCollectingLeading.asCollector(0, int[].class, 3);
 533         assertEquals(SpreadCollect.MT_collectorLeading3, collector.type());
 534         assertEquals("789Q", (String) collector.invokeWithArguments(7, 8, 9, "Q"));
 535     }
 536 
 537     @Test
 538     public static void testAsCollectorNone() throws Throwable {
 539         MethodHandle collector = SpreadCollect.MH_forCollecting.asCollector(1, int[].class, 0);
 540         assertEquals(SpreadCollect.MT_collector0, collector.type());
 541         assertEquals("AB", (String) collector.invoke("A", "B"));
 542     }
 543 
 544     @Test
 545     public static void testAsCollectorIllegalPos() throws Throwable {
 546         int[] illegalPos = {-1, 17};
 547         int caught = 0;
 548         for (int p : illegalPos) {
 549             try {
 550                 SpreadCollect.MH_forCollecting.asCollector(p, int[].class, 0);
 551             } catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
 552                 assertEquals("bad collect position", iae.getMessage());
 553                 ++caught;
 554             }
 555         }
 556         assertEquals(illegalPos.length, caught);
 557     }
 558 
 559     @Test
 560     public static void testAsCollectorExample() throws Throwable {
 561         // test the JavaDoc asCollector-with-pos example
 562         StringWriter swr = new StringWriter();
 563         MethodHandle swWrite = LOOKUP.
 564                 findVirtual(StringWriter.class, "write", methodType(void.class, char[].class, int.class, int.class)).
 565                 bindTo(swr);
 566         MethodHandle swWrite4 = swWrite.asCollector(0, char[].class, 4);
 567         swWrite4.invoke('A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 1, 2);
 568         assertEquals("BC", swr.toString());
 569         swWrite4.invoke('P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 0, 4);
 570         assertEquals("BCPQRS", swr.toString());
 571         swWrite4.invoke('W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 3, 1);
 572         assertEquals("BCPQRSZ", swr.toString());
 573     }
 574 
 575     @Test
 576     public static void testFindSpecial() throws Throwable {
 577         FindSpecial.C c = new FindSpecial.C();
 578         assertEquals("I1.m", c.m());
 579         MethodType t = MethodType.methodType(String.class);
 580         MethodHandle ci1m = LOOKUP.findSpecial(FindSpecial.I1.class, "m", t, FindSpecial.C.class);
 581         assertEquals("I1.m", (String) ci1m.invoke(c));
 582     }
 583 
 584     @Test
 585     public static void testFindSpecialAbstract() throws Throwable {
 586         FindSpecial.C c = new FindSpecial.C();
 587         assertEquals("q", c.q());
 588         MethodType t = MethodType.methodType(String.class);
 589         boolean caught = false;
 590         try {
 591             MethodHandle ci3q = LOOKUP.findSpecial(FindSpecial.I3.class, "q", t, FindSpecial.C.class);
 592         } catch (Throwable thrown) {
 593             if (!(thrown instanceof IllegalAccessException) || !FindSpecial.ABSTRACT_ERROR.equals(thrown.getMessage())) {
 594                 throw new AssertionError(thrown.getMessage(), thrown);
 595             }
 596             caught = true;
 597         }
 598         assertTrue(caught);
 599     }
 600 
 601     @Test
 602     public static void testFindClassCNFE() throws Throwable {
 603         boolean caught = false;
 604         try {
 605             LOOKUP.findClass("does.not.Exist");
 606         } catch (ClassNotFoundException cnfe) {
 607             caught = true;
 608         }
 609         assertTrue(caught);
 610     }
 611 
 612     //
 613     // Methods used to assemble tests.
 614     //
 615 
 616     static class Empty {
 617 
 618         static void f() { }
 619 
 620         static boolean pred() {
 621             return false;
 622         }
 623 
 624         static int c() {
 625             return 23;
 626         }
 627 
 628         static final Class<Empty> EMPTY = Empty.class;
 629 
 630         static final MethodType MT_f = methodType(void.class);
 631         static final MethodType MT_pred = methodType(boolean.class);
 632         static final MethodType MT_c = methodType(int.class);
 633 
 634         static final MethodHandle MH_f;
 635         static final MethodHandle MH_pred;
 636         static final MethodHandle MH_c;
 637 
 638         static {
 639             try {
 640                 MH_f = LOOKUP.findStatic(EMPTY, "f", MT_f);
 641                 MH_pred = LOOKUP.findStatic(EMPTY, "pred", MT_pred);
 642                 MH_c = LOOKUP.findStatic(EMPTY, "c", MT_c);
 643             } catch (Exception e) {
 644                 throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(e);
 645             }
 646         }
 647     }
 648 
 649     static class Fac {
 650 
 651         static int zero(int k) {
 652             return 0;
 653         }
 654 
 655         static int one(int k) {
 656             return 1;
 657         }
 658 
 659         static boolean pred(int i, int acc, int k) {
 660             return i < k;
 661         }
 662 
 663         static int inc(int i, int acc, int k) {
 664             return i + 1;
 665         }
 666 
 667         static int mult(int i, int acc, int k) {
 668             return i * acc;
 669         }
 670 
 671         static void dot(int i, int acc, int k) {
 672             System.out.print('.');
 673         }
 674 
 675         static int fin(int i, int acc, int k) {
 676             return acc;
 677         }
 678 
 679         static final Class<Fac> FAC = Fac.class;
 680 
 681         static final MethodType MT_init = methodType(int.class, int.class);
 682         static final MethodType MT_fn = methodType(int.class, int.class, int.class, int.class);
 683         static final MethodType MT_dot = methodType(void.class, int.class, int.class, int.class);
 684         static final MethodType MT_pred = methodType(boolean.class, int.class, int.class, int.class);
 685 
 686         static final MethodHandle MH_zero;
 687         static final MethodHandle MH_one;
 688         static final MethodHandle MH_pred;
 689         static final MethodHandle MH_inc;
 690         static final MethodHandle MH_mult;
 691         static final MethodHandle MH_dot;
 692         static final MethodHandle MH_fin;
 693 
 694         static final MethodType MT_fac = methodType(int.class, int.class);
 695 
 696         static {
 697             try {
 698                 MH_zero = LOOKUP.findStatic(FAC, "zero", MT_init);
 699                 MH_one = LOOKUP.findStatic(FAC, "one", MT_init);
 700                 MH_pred = LOOKUP.findStatic(FAC, "pred", MT_pred);
 701                 MH_inc = LOOKUP.findStatic(FAC, "inc", MT_fn);
 702                 MH_mult = LOOKUP.findStatic(FAC, "mult", MT_fn);
 703                 MH_dot = LOOKUP.findStatic(FAC, "dot", MT_dot);
 704                 MH_fin = LOOKUP.findStatic(FAC, "fin", MT_fn);
 705             } catch (Exception e) {
 706                 throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(e);
 707             }
 708         }
 709 
 710     }
 711 
 712     static class Loop {
 713 
 714         static int inc(int i, int k) {
 715             return i + 1;
 716         }
 717 
 718         static boolean pred(int i, int k) {
 719             return i < k;
 720         }
 721 
 722         static int fin(int i, int k) {
 723             return k;
 724         }
 725 
 726         static final Class<Loop> LOOP = Loop.class;
 727 
 728         static final MethodType MT_inc = methodType(int.class, int.class, int.class);
 729         static final MethodType MT_pred = methodType(boolean.class, int.class, int.class);
 730         static final MethodType MT_fin = methodType(int.class, int.class, int.class);
 731 
 732         static final MethodHandle MH_inc;
 733         static final MethodHandle MH_pred;
 734         static final MethodHandle MH_fin;
 735 
 736         static final MethodType MT_loop = methodType(int.class, int.class);
 737 
 738         static {
 739             try {
 740                 MH_inc = LOOKUP.findStatic(LOOP, "inc", MT_inc);
 741                 MH_pred = LOOKUP.findStatic(LOOP, "pred", MT_pred);
 742                 MH_fin = LOOKUP.findStatic(LOOP, "fin", MT_fin);
 743             } catch (Exception e) {
 744                 throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(e);
 745             }
 746         }
 747 
 748     }
 749 
 750     static class LoopWithVirtuals {
 751 
 752         static int one(int k) {
 753             return 1;
 754         }
 755 
 756         int inc(int i, int acc, int k) {
 757             return i + 1;
 758         }
 759 
 760         int mult(int i, int acc, int k) {
 761             return i * acc;
 762         }
 763 
 764         boolean pred(int i, int acc, int k) {
 765             return i < k;
 766         }
 767 
 768         int fin(int i, int acc, int k) {
 769             return acc;
 770         }
 771 
 772         static final Class<LoopWithVirtuals> LOOP_WITH_VIRTUALS = LoopWithVirtuals.class;
 773 
 774         static final MethodType MT_one = methodType(int.class, int.class);
 775         static final MethodType MT_inc = methodType(int.class, int.class, int.class, int.class);
 776         static final MethodType MT_mult = methodType(int.class, int.class, int.class, int.class);
 777         static final MethodType MT_pred = methodType(boolean.class, int.class, int.class, int.class);
 778         static final MethodType MT_fin = methodType(int.class, int.class, int.class, int.class);
 779 
 780         static final MethodHandle MH_one;
 781         static final MethodHandle MH_inc;
 782         static final MethodHandle MH_mult;
 783         static final MethodHandle MH_pred;
 784         static final MethodHandle MH_fin;
 785 
 786         static final MethodType MT_loop = methodType(int.class, LOOP_WITH_VIRTUALS, int.class);
 787 
 788         static {
 789             try {
 790                 MH_one = LOOKUP.findStatic(LOOP_WITH_VIRTUALS, "one", MT_one);
 791                 MH_inc = LOOKUP.findVirtual(LOOP_WITH_VIRTUALS, "inc", MT_inc);
 792                 MH_mult = LOOKUP.findVirtual(LOOP_WITH_VIRTUALS, "mult", MT_mult);
 793                 MH_pred = LOOKUP.findVirtual(LOOP_WITH_VIRTUALS, "pred", MT_pred);
 794                 MH_fin = LOOKUP.findVirtual(LOOP_WITH_VIRTUALS, "fin", MT_fin);
 795             } catch (Exception e) {
 796                 throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(e);
 797             }
 798         }
 799 
 800         static MethodHandle permute(MethodHandle h) {
 801             // The handles representing virtual methods need to be rearranged to match the required order of arguments
 802             // (loop-local state comes first, then loop arguments). As the receiver comes first in the signature but is
 803             // a loop argument, it must be moved to the appropriate position in the signature.
 804             return MethodHandles.permuteArguments(h,
 805                     methodType(h.type().returnType(), int.class, int.class, LOOP_WITH_VIRTUALS, int.class), 2, 0, 1, 3);
 806         }
 807 
 808     }
 809 
 810     static class While {
 811 
 812         static int zero(int limit) {
 813             return 0;
 814         }
 815 
 816         static boolean pred(int i, int limit) {
 817             return i < limit;
 818         }
 819 
 820         static int step(int i, int limit) {
 821             return i + 1;
 822         }
 823 
 824         static String initString() {
 825             return "a";
 826         }
 827 
 828         static boolean predString(String s) {
 829             return s.length() != 1;
 830         }
 831 
 832         static String stepString(String s) {
 833             return s + "a";
 834         }
 835 
 836         static List<String> zipInitZip(Iterator<String> a, Iterator<String> b) {
 837             return new ArrayList<>();
 838         }
 839 
 840         static boolean zipPred(List<String> zip, Iterator<String> a, Iterator<String> b) {
 841             return a.hasNext() && b.hasNext();
 842         }
 843 
 844         static List<String> zipStep(List<String> zip, Iterator<String> a, Iterator<String> b) {
 845             zip.add(a.next());
 846             zip.add(b.next());
 847             return zip;
 848         }
 849 
 850         static final Class<While> WHILE = While.class;
 851 
 852         static final MethodType MT_zero = methodType(int.class, int.class);
 853         static final MethodType MT_pred = methodType(boolean.class, int.class, int.class);
 854         static final MethodType MT_fn = methodType(int.class, int.class, int.class);
 855         static final MethodType MT_initString = methodType(String.class);
 856         static final MethodType MT_predString = methodType(boolean.class, String.class);
 857         static final MethodType MT_stepString = methodType(String.class, String.class);
 858         static final MethodType MT_zipInitZip = methodType(List.class, Iterator.class, Iterator.class);
 859         static final MethodType MT_zipPred = methodType(boolean.class, List.class, Iterator.class, Iterator.class);
 860         static final MethodType MT_zipStep = methodType(List.class, List.class, Iterator.class, Iterator.class);
 861 
 862         static final MethodHandle MH_zero;
 863         static final MethodHandle MH_pred;
 864         static final MethodHandle MH_step;
 865         static final MethodHandle MH_initString;
 866         static final MethodHandle MH_predString;
 867         static final MethodHandle MH_stepString;
 868         static final MethodHandle MH_zipInitZip;
 869         static final MethodHandle MH_zipPred;
 870         static final MethodHandle MH_zipStep;
 871 
 872         static final MethodType MT_while = methodType(int.class, int.class);
 873         static final MethodType MT_string = methodType(String.class);
 874         static final MethodType MT_zip = methodType(List.class, Iterator.class, Iterator.class);
 875 
 876         static {
 877             try {
 878                 MH_zero = LOOKUP.findStatic(WHILE, "zero", MT_zero);
 879                 MH_pred = LOOKUP.findStatic(WHILE, "pred", MT_pred);
 880                 MH_step = LOOKUP.findStatic(WHILE, "step", MT_fn);
 881                 MH_initString = LOOKUP.findStatic(WHILE, "initString", MT_initString);
 882                 MH_predString = LOOKUP.findStatic(WHILE, "predString", MT_predString);
 883                 MH_stepString = LOOKUP.findStatic(WHILE, "stepString", MT_stepString);
 884                 MH_zipInitZip = LOOKUP.findStatic(WHILE, "zipInitZip", MT_zipInitZip);
 885                 MH_zipPred = LOOKUP.findStatic(WHILE, "zipPred", MT_zipPred);
 886                 MH_zipStep = LOOKUP.findStatic(WHILE, "zipStep", MT_zipStep);
 887             } catch (Exception e) {
 888                 throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(e);
 889             }
 890         }
 891 
 892     }
 893 
 894     static class Counted {
 895 
 896         static String start(String arg) {
 897             return arg;
 898         }
 899 
 900         static String step(int counter, String v, String arg) {
 901             return "na " + v;
 902         }
 903 
 904         static void stepUpdateArray(int counter, int[] a) {
 905             ++a[0];
 906         }
 907 
 908         static void printHello(int counter) {
 909             System.out.print("hello");
 910         }
 911 
 912         static final Class<Counted> COUNTED = Counted.class;
 913 
 914         static final MethodType MT_start = methodType(String.class, String.class);
 915         static final MethodType MT_step = methodType(String.class, int.class, String.class, String.class);
 916         static final MethodType MT_stepUpdateArray = methodType(void.class, int.class, int[].class);
 917         static final MethodType MT_printHello = methodType(void.class, int.class);
 918 
 919         static final MethodHandle MH_13;
 920         static final MethodHandle MH_m5;
 921         static final MethodHandle MH_8;
 922         static final MethodHandle MH_start;
 923         static final MethodHandle MH_step;
 924         static final MethodHandle MH_stepUpdateArray;
 925         static final MethodHandle MH_printHello;
 926 
 927         static final MethodType MT_counted = methodType(String.class, String.class);
 928         static final MethodType MT_arrayCounted = methodType(void.class, int[].class);
 929         static final MethodType MT_countedPrinting = methodType(void.class);
 930 
 931         static {
 932             try {
 933                 MH_13 = MethodHandles.constant(int.class, 13);
 934                 MH_m5 = MethodHandles.constant(int.class, -5);
 935                 MH_8 = MethodHandles.constant(int.class, 8);
 936                 MH_start = LOOKUP.findStatic(COUNTED, "start", MT_start);
 937                 MH_step = LOOKUP.findStatic(COUNTED, "step", MT_step);
 938                 MH_stepUpdateArray = LOOKUP.findStatic(COUNTED, "stepUpdateArray", MT_stepUpdateArray);
 939                 MH_printHello = LOOKUP.findStatic(COUNTED, "printHello", MT_printHello);
 940             } catch (Exception e) {
 941                 throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(e);
 942             }
 943         }
 944 
 945     }
 946 
 947     static class Iterate {
 948 
 949         static Iterator<Integer> sumIterator(Integer[] a) {
 950             return Arrays.asList(a).iterator();
 951         }
 952 
 953         static int sumInit(Integer[] a) {
 954             return 0;
 955         }
 956 
 957         static int sumStep(int s, int e, Integer[] a) {
 958             return s + e;
 959         }
 960 
 961         static List<String> reverseInit(List<String> l) {
 962             return new ArrayList<>();
 963         }
 964 
 965         static List<String> reverseStep(String e, List<String> r, List<String> l) {
 966             r.add(0, e);
 967             return r;
 968         }
 969 
 970         static int lengthInit(List<Double> l) {
 971             return 0;
 972         }
 973 
 974         static int lengthStep(Object o, int len, List<Double> l) {
 975             return len + 1;
 976         }
 977 
 978         static List<String> mapInit(List<String> l) {
 979             return new ArrayList<>();
 980         }
 981 
 982         static List<String> mapStep(String e, List<String> r, List<String> l) {
 983             r.add(e.toUpperCase());
 984             return r;
 985         }
 986 
 987         static void printStep(String s, List<String> l) {
 988             System.out.print(s);
 989         }
 990 
 991         static final Class<Iterate> ITERATE = Iterate.class;
 992 
 993         static final MethodType MT_sumIterator = methodType(Iterator.class, Integer[].class);
 994 
 995         static final MethodType MT_sumInit = methodType(int.class, Integer[].class);
 996         static final MethodType MT_reverseInit = methodType(List.class, List.class);
 997         static final MethodType MT_lenghInit = methodType(int.class, List.class);
 998         static final MethodType MT_mapInit = methodType(List.class, List.class);
 999 
1000         static final MethodType MT_sumStep = methodType(int.class, int.class, int.class, Integer[].class);
1001         static final MethodType MT_reverseStep = methodType(List.class, String.class, List.class, List.class);
1002         static final MethodType MT_lengthStep = methodType(int.class, Object.class, int.class, List.class);
1003         static final MethodType MT_mapStep = methodType(List.class, String.class, List.class, List.class);
1004         static final MethodType MT_printStep = methodType(void.class, String.class, List.class);
1005 
1006         static final MethodHandle MH_sumIterator;
1007         static final MethodHandle MH_sumInit;
1008         static final MethodHandle MH_sumStep;
1009         static final MethodHandle MH_printStep;
1010 
1011         static final MethodHandle MH_reverseInit;
1012         static final MethodHandle MH_reverseStep;
1013 
1014         static final MethodHandle MH_lengthInit;
1015         static final MethodHandle MH_lengthStep;
1016 
1017         static final MethodHandle MH_mapInit;
1018         static final MethodHandle MH_mapStep;
1019 
1020         static final MethodType MT_sum = methodType(int.class, Integer[].class);
1021         static final MethodType MT_reverse = methodType(List.class, List.class);
1022         static final MethodType MT_length = methodType(int.class, List.class);
1023         static final MethodType MT_map = methodType(List.class, List.class);
1024         static final MethodType MT_print = methodType(void.class, List.class);
1025 
1026         static {
1027             try {
1028                 MH_sumIterator = LOOKUP.findStatic(ITERATE, "sumIterator", MT_sumIterator);
1029                 MH_sumInit = LOOKUP.findStatic(ITERATE, "sumInit", MT_sumInit);
1030                 MH_sumStep = LOOKUP.findStatic(ITERATE, "sumStep", MT_sumStep);
1031                 MH_reverseInit = LOOKUP.findStatic(ITERATE, "reverseInit", MT_reverseInit);
1032                 MH_reverseStep = LOOKUP.findStatic(ITERATE, "reverseStep", MT_reverseStep);
1033                 MH_lengthInit = LOOKUP.findStatic(ITERATE, "lengthInit", MT_lenghInit);
1034                 MH_lengthStep = LOOKUP.findStatic(ITERATE, "lengthStep", MT_lengthStep);
1035                 MH_mapInit = LOOKUP.findStatic(ITERATE, "mapInit", MT_mapInit);
1036                 MH_mapStep = LOOKUP.findStatic(ITERATE, "mapStep", MT_mapStep);
1037                 MH_printStep = LOOKUP.findStatic(ITERATE, "printStep", MT_printStep);
1038             } catch (Exception e) {
1039                 throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(e);
1040             }
1041         }
1042 
1043     }
1044 
1045     static class TryFinally {
1046 
1047         static String greet(String whom) {
1048             return "Hello, " + whom;
1049         }
1050 
1051         static String exclaim(Throwable t, String r, String whom) {
1052             return r + "!";
1053         }
1054 
1055         static void print(String what) {
1056             System.out.print("Hello, " + what);
1057         }
1058 
1059         static void printMore(Throwable t, String what) {
1060             System.out.println("!");
1061         }
1062 
1063         static String greetMore(String first, String second) {
1064             return "Hello, " + first + " and " + second;
1065         }
1066 
1067         static String exclaimMore(Throwable t, String r, String first) {
1068             return r + " (but " + first + " first)!";
1069         }
1070 
1071         static void voidTarget() {}
1072 
1073         static void voidCleanup(Throwable t, int a) {}
1074 
1075         static final Class<TryFinally> TRY_FINALLY = TryFinally.class;
1076 
1077         static final MethodType MT_greet = methodType(String.class, String.class);
1078         static final MethodType MT_exclaim = methodType(String.class, Throwable.class, String.class, String.class);
1079         static final MethodType MT_print = methodType(void.class, String.class);
1080         static final MethodType MT_printMore = methodType(void.class, Throwable.class, String.class);
1081         static final MethodType MT_greetMore = methodType(String.class, String.class, String.class);
1082         static final MethodType MT_exclaimMore = methodType(String.class, Throwable.class, String.class, String.class);
1083         static final MethodType MT_voidTarget = methodType(void.class);
1084         static final MethodType MT_voidCleanup = methodType(void.class, Throwable.class, int.class);
1085 
1086         static final MethodHandle MH_greet;
1087         static final MethodHandle MH_exclaim;
1088         static final MethodHandle MH_print;
1089         static final MethodHandle MH_printMore;
1090         static final MethodHandle MH_greetMore;
1091         static final MethodHandle MH_exclaimMore;
1092         static final MethodHandle MH_voidTarget;
1093         static final MethodHandle MH_voidCleanup;
1094 
1095         static final MethodType MT_hello = methodType(String.class, String.class);
1096         static final MethodType MT_printHello = methodType(void.class, String.class);
1097         static final MethodType MT_moreHello = methodType(String.class, String.class, String.class);
1098 
1099         static {
1100             try {
1101                 MH_greet = LOOKUP.findStatic(TRY_FINALLY, "greet", MT_greet);
1102                 MH_exclaim = LOOKUP.findStatic(TRY_FINALLY, "exclaim", MT_exclaim);
1103                 MH_print = LOOKUP.findStatic(TRY_FINALLY, "print", MT_print);
1104                 MH_printMore = LOOKUP.findStatic(TRY_FINALLY, "printMore", MT_printMore);
1105                 MH_greetMore = LOOKUP.findStatic(TRY_FINALLY, "greetMore", MT_greetMore);
1106                 MH_exclaimMore = LOOKUP.findStatic(TRY_FINALLY, "exclaimMore", MT_exclaimMore);
1107                 MH_voidTarget = LOOKUP.findStatic(TRY_FINALLY, "voidTarget", MT_voidTarget);
1108                 MH_voidCleanup = LOOKUP.findStatic(TRY_FINALLY, "voidCleanup", MT_voidCleanup);
1109             } catch (Exception e) {
1110                 throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(e);
1111             }
1112         }
1113 
1114     }
1115 
1116     static class Fold {
1117 
1118         static int adder(int a, int b, int c) {
1119             return a + b + c;
1120         }
1121 
1122         static int adder1(int a, int b) {
1123             return a + b;
1124         }
1125 
1126         static int multer(int x, int q, int r, int s) {
1127             return x * q * r * s;
1128         }
1129 
1130         static int str(boolean b1, String s, boolean b2, int x) {
1131             return b1 && s.equals(String.valueOf(b2)) ? x : -x;
1132         }
1133 
1134         static boolean comb(String s, boolean b2) {
1135             return !s.equals(b2);
1136         }
1137 
1138         static String comb2(boolean b2, int x) {
1139             int ib = b2 ? 1 : 0;
1140             return ib == x ? "true" : "false";
1141         }
1142 
1143         static final Class<Fold> FOLD = Fold.class;
1144 
1145         static final MethodType MT_adder = methodType(int.class, int.class, int.class, int.class);
1146         static final MethodType MT_adder1 = methodType(int.class, int.class, int.class);
1147         static final MethodType MT_multer = methodType(int.class, int.class, int.class, int.class, int.class);
1148         static final MethodType MT_str = methodType(int.class, boolean.class, String.class, boolean.class, int.class);
1149         static final MethodType MT_comb = methodType(boolean.class, String.class, boolean.class);
1150         static final MethodType MT_comb2 = methodType(String.class, boolean.class, int.class);
1151 
1152         static final MethodHandle MH_adder;
1153         static final MethodHandle MH_adder1;
1154         static final MethodHandle MH_multer;
1155         static final MethodHandle MH_str;
1156         static final MethodHandle MH_comb;
1157         static final MethodHandle MH_comb2;
1158 
1159         static final MethodType MT_folded1 = methodType(int.class, int.class, int.class, int.class);
1160         static final MethodType MT_folded2 = methodType(int.class, String.class, boolean.class, int.class);
1161         static final MethodType MT_folded3 = methodType(int.class, boolean.class, boolean.class, int.class);
1162 
1163         static {
1164             try {
1165                 MH_adder = LOOKUP.findStatic(FOLD, "adder", MT_adder);
1166                 MH_adder1 = LOOKUP.findStatic(FOLD, "adder1", MT_adder1);
1167                 MH_multer = LOOKUP.findStatic(FOLD, "multer", MT_multer);
1168                 MH_str = LOOKUP.findStatic(FOLD, "str", MT_str);
1169                 MH_comb = LOOKUP.findStatic(FOLD, "comb", MT_comb);
1170                 MH_comb2 = LOOKUP.findStatic(FOLD, "comb2", MT_comb2);
1171             } catch (Exception e) {
1172                 throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(e);
1173             }
1174         }
1175     }
1176 
1177     static class SpreadCollect {
1178 
1179         static String forSpreading(String s1, int i1, int i2, int i3, String s2) {
1180             return s1 + i1 + i2 + i3 + s2;
1181         }
1182 
1183         static String forCollecting(String s1, int[] is, String s2) {
1184             StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(s1);
1185             for (int i : is) {
1186                 sb.append(i);
1187             }
1188             return sb.append(s2).toString();
1189         }
1190 
1191         static String forCollectingLeading(int[] is, String s) {
1192             return forCollecting("", is, s);
1193         }
1194 
1195         static final Class<SpreadCollect> SPREAD_COLLECT = SpreadCollect.class;
1196 
1197         static final MethodType MT_forSpreading = methodType(String.class, String.class, int.class, int.class, int.class, String.class);
1198         static final MethodType MT_forCollecting = methodType(String.class, String.class, int[].class, String.class);
1199         static final MethodType MT_forCollectingLeading = methodType(String.class, int[].class, String.class);
1200 
1201         static final MethodHandle MH_forSpreading;
1202         static final MethodHandle MH_forCollecting;
1203         static final MethodHandle MH_forCollectingLeading;
1204 
1205         static final MethodType MT_spreader = methodType(String.class, String.class, int[].class, String.class);
1206         static final MethodType MT_collector0 = methodType(String.class, String.class, String.class);
1207         static final MethodType MT_collector1 = methodType(String.class, String.class, int.class, String.class);
1208         static final MethodType MT_collector2 = methodType(String.class, String.class, int.class, int.class, String.class);
1209         static final MethodType MT_collector3 = methodType(String.class, String.class, int.class, int.class, int.class, String.class);
1210         static final MethodType MT_collectorLeading1 = methodType(String.class, int.class, String.class);
1211         static final MethodType MT_collectorLeading2 = methodType(String.class, int.class, int.class, String.class);
1212         static final MethodType MT_collectorLeading3 = methodType(String.class, int.class, int.class, int.class, String.class);
1213 
1214         static final String NONE_ERROR = "zero array length in MethodHandle.asCollector";
1215 
1216         static {
1217             try {
1218                 MH_forSpreading = LOOKUP.findStatic(SPREAD_COLLECT, "forSpreading", MT_forSpreading);
1219                 MH_forCollecting = LOOKUP.findStatic(SPREAD_COLLECT, "forCollecting", MT_forCollecting);
1220                 MH_forCollectingLeading = LOOKUP.findStatic(SPREAD_COLLECT, "forCollectingLeading", MT_forCollectingLeading);
1221             } catch (Exception e) {
1222                 throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(e);
1223             }
1224         }
1225 
1226     }
1227 
1228     static class FindSpecial {
1229 
1230         interface I1 {
1231             default String m() {
1232                 return "I1.m";
1233             }
1234         }
1235 
1236         interface I2 {
1237             default String m() {
1238                 return "I2.m";
1239             }
1240         }
1241 
1242         interface I3 {
1243             String q();
1244         }
1245 
1246         static class C implements I1, I2, I3 {
1247             public String m() {
1248                 return I1.super.m();
1249             }
1250             public String q() {
1251                 return "q";
1252             }
1253         }
1254 
1255         static final String ABSTRACT_ERROR = "no such method: test.java.lang.invoke.T8139885$FindSpecial$I3.q()String/invokeSpecial";
1256 
1257     }
1258 
1259     //
1260     // Auxiliary methods.
1261     //
1262 
1263     static MethodHandle[] mha(MethodHandle... mhs) {
1264         return mhs;
1265     }
1266 
1267 }