1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2015, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
  10  *
  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  20  *
  21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  23  * questions.
  24  */
  25 package jdk.tools.jlink.internal;
  26 
  27 import java.io.File;
  28 import java.io.IOException;
  29 import java.io.PrintWriter;
  30 import java.io.UncheckedIOException;
  31 import java.lang.module.Configuration;
  32 import java.lang.module.FindException;
  33 import java.lang.module.ModuleDescriptor;
  34 import java.lang.module.ModuleFinder;
  35 import java.lang.module.ModuleReference;
  36 import java.lang.module.ResolutionException;
  37 import java.lang.module.ResolvedModule;
  38 import java.net.URI;
  39 import java.nio.ByteOrder;
  40 import java.nio.file.Files;
  41 import java.nio.file.Path;
  42 import java.nio.file.Paths;
  43 import java.util.ArrayList;
  44 import java.util.Arrays;
  45 import java.util.Collection;
  46 import java.util.Collections;
  47 import java.util.Comparator;
  48 import java.util.Date;
  49 import java.util.HashMap;
  50 import java.util.HashSet;
  51 import java.util.List;
  52 import java.util.Locale;
  53 import java.util.Map;
  54 import java.util.Objects;
  55 import java.util.Optional;
  56 import java.util.Set;
  57 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
  58 import java.util.stream.Stream;
  59 
  60 import jdk.tools.jlink.internal.TaskHelper.BadArgs;
  61 import static jdk.tools.jlink.internal.TaskHelper.JLINK_BUNDLE;
  62 import jdk.tools.jlink.internal.Jlink.JlinkConfiguration;
  63 import jdk.tools.jlink.internal.Jlink.PluginsConfiguration;
  64 import jdk.tools.jlink.internal.TaskHelper.Option;
  65 import jdk.tools.jlink.internal.TaskHelper.OptionsHelper;
  66 import jdk.tools.jlink.internal.ImagePluginStack.ImageProvider;
  67 import jdk.tools.jlink.plugin.PluginException;
  68 import jdk.tools.jlink.builder.DefaultImageBuilder;
  69 import jdk.tools.jlink.plugin.Plugin;
  70 import jdk.internal.module.ModulePath;
  71 import jdk.internal.module.ModuleResolution;
  72 
  73 /**
  74  * Implementation for the jlink tool.
  75  *
  76  * ## Should use jdk.joptsimple some day.
  77  */
  78 public class JlinkTask {
  79     static final boolean DEBUG = Boolean.getBoolean("jlink.debug");
  80 
  81     // jlink API ignores by default. Remove when signing is implemented.
  82     static final boolean IGNORE_SIGNING_DEFAULT = true;
  83 
  84     private static final TaskHelper taskHelper
  85             = new TaskHelper(JLINK_BUNDLE);
  86 
  87     private static final Option<?>[] recognizedOptions = {
  88         new Option<JlinkTask>(false, (task, opt, arg) -> {
  89             task.options.help = true;
  90         }, "--help", "-h"),
  91         new Option<JlinkTask>(true, (task, opt, arg) -> {
  92             // if used multiple times, the last one wins!
  93             // So, clear previous values, if any.
  94             task.options.modulePath.clear();
  95             String[] dirs = arg.split(File.pathSeparator);
  96             int i = 0;
  97             Arrays.stream(dirs)
  98                   .map(Paths::get)
  99                   .forEach(task.options.modulePath::add);
 100         }, "--module-path", "-p"),
 101         new Option<JlinkTask>(true, (task, opt, arg) -> {
 102             // if used multiple times, the last one wins!
 103             // So, clear previous values, if any.
 104             task.options.limitMods.clear();
 105             for (String mn : arg.split(",")) {
 106                 if (mn.isEmpty()) {
 107                     throw taskHelper.newBadArgs("err.mods.must.be.specified",
 108                             "--limit-modules");
 109                 }
 110                 task.options.limitMods.add(mn);
 111             }
 112         }, "--limit-modules"),
 113         new Option<JlinkTask>(true, (task, opt, arg) -> {
 114             for (String mn : arg.split(",")) {
 115                 if (mn.isEmpty()) {
 116                     throw taskHelper.newBadArgs("err.mods.must.be.specified",
 117                             "--add-modules");
 118                 }
 119                 task.options.addMods.add(mn);
 120             }
 121         }, "--add-modules"),
 122         new Option<JlinkTask>(true, (task, opt, arg) -> {
 123             Path path = Paths.get(arg);
 124             task.options.output = path;
 125         }, "--output"),
 126         new Option<JlinkTask>(false, (task, opt, arg) -> {
 127             task.options.bindServices = true;
 128         }, "--bind-services"),
 129         new Option<JlinkTask>(false, (task, opt, arg) -> {
 130             task.options.suggestProviders = true;
 131         }, "--suggest-providers", "", true),
 132         new Option<JlinkTask>(true, (task, opt, arg) -> {
 133             String[] values = arg.split("=");
 134             // check values
 135             if (values.length != 2 || values[0].isEmpty() || values[1].isEmpty()) {
 136                 throw taskHelper.newBadArgs("err.launcher.value.format", arg);
 137             } else {
 138                 String commandName = values[0];
 139                 String moduleAndMain = values[1];
 140                 int idx = moduleAndMain.indexOf("/");
 141                 if (idx != -1) {
 142                     if (moduleAndMain.substring(0, idx).isEmpty()) {
 143                         throw taskHelper.newBadArgs("err.launcher.module.name.empty", arg);
 144                     }
 145 
 146                     if (moduleAndMain.substring(idx + 1).isEmpty()) {
 147                         throw taskHelper.newBadArgs("err.launcher.main.class.empty", arg);
 148                     }
 149                 }
 150                 task.options.launchers.put(commandName, moduleAndMain);
 151             }
 152         }, "--launcher"),
 153         new Option<JlinkTask>(true, (task, opt, arg) -> {
 154             if ("little".equals(arg)) {
 155                 task.options.endian = ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN;
 156             } else if ("big".equals(arg)) {
 157                 task.options.endian = ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN;
 158             } else {
 159                 throw taskHelper.newBadArgs("err.unknown.byte.order", arg);
 160             }
 161         }, "--endian"),
 162         new Option<JlinkTask>(false, (task, opt, arg) -> {
 163             task.options.verbose = true;
 164         }, "--verbose", "-v"),
 165         new Option<JlinkTask>(false, (task, opt, arg) -> {
 166             task.options.version = true;
 167         }, "--version"),
 168         new Option<JlinkTask>(true, (task, opt, arg) -> {
 169             Path path = Paths.get(arg);
 170             if (Files.exists(path)) {
 171                 throw taskHelper.newBadArgs("err.dir.exists", path);
 172             }
 173             task.options.packagedModulesPath = path;
 174         }, true, "--keep-packaged-modules"),
 175         new Option<JlinkTask>(true, (task, opt, arg) -> {
 176             task.options.saveoptsfile = arg;
 177         }, "--save-opts"),
 178         new Option<JlinkTask>(false, (task, opt, arg) -> {
 179             task.options.fullVersion = true;
 180         }, true, "--full-version"),
 181         new Option<JlinkTask>(false, (task, opt, arg) -> {
 182             task.options.ignoreSigning = true;
 183         }, "--ignore-signing-information"),};
 184 
 185     private static final String PROGNAME = "jlink";
 186     private final OptionsValues options = new OptionsValues();
 187 
 188     private static final OptionsHelper<JlinkTask> optionsHelper
 189             = taskHelper.newOptionsHelper(JlinkTask.class, recognizedOptions);
 190     private PrintWriter log;
 191 
 192     void setLog(PrintWriter out, PrintWriter err) {
 193         log = out;
 194         taskHelper.setLog(log);
 195     }
 196 
 197     /**
 198      * Result codes.
 199      */
 200     static final int
 201             EXIT_OK = 0, // Completed with no errors.
 202             EXIT_ERROR = 1, // Completed but reported errors.
 203             EXIT_CMDERR = 2, // Bad command-line arguments
 204             EXIT_SYSERR = 3, // System error or resource exhaustion.
 205             EXIT_ABNORMAL = 4;// terminated abnormally
 206 
 207     static class OptionsValues {
 208         boolean help;
 209         String  saveoptsfile;
 210         boolean verbose;
 211         boolean version;
 212         boolean fullVersion;
 213         final List<Path> modulePath = new ArrayList<>();
 214         final Set<String> limitMods = new HashSet<>();
 215         final Set<String> addMods = new HashSet<>();
 216         Path output;
 217         final Map<String, String> launchers = new HashMap<>();
 218         Path packagedModulesPath;
 219         ByteOrder endian = ByteOrder.nativeOrder();
 220         boolean ignoreSigning = false;
 221         boolean bindServices = false;
 222         boolean suggestProviders = false;
 223     }
 224 
 225     int run(String[] args) {
 226         if (log == null) {
 227             setLog(new PrintWriter(System.out, true),
 228                    new PrintWriter(System.err, true));
 229         }
 230         try {
 231             List<String> remaining = optionsHelper.handleOptions(this, args);
 232             if (remaining.size() > 0 && !options.suggestProviders) {
 233                 throw taskHelper.newBadArgs("err.orphan.arguments", toString(remaining))
 234                                 .showUsage(true);
 235             }
 236             if (options.help) {
 237                 optionsHelper.showHelp(PROGNAME);
 238                 return EXIT_OK;
 239             }
 240             if (optionsHelper.shouldListPlugins()) {
 241                 optionsHelper.listPlugins();
 242                 return EXIT_OK;
 243             }
 244             if (options.version || options.fullVersion) {
 245                 taskHelper.showVersion(options.fullVersion);
 246                 return EXIT_OK;
 247             }
 248 
 249             if (taskHelper.getExistingImage() != null) {
 250                 postProcessOnly(taskHelper.getExistingImage());
 251                 return EXIT_OK;
 252             }
 253 
 254 
 255             if (options.modulePath.isEmpty()) {
 256                 // no --module-path specified - try to set $JAVA_HOME/jmods if that exists
 257                 Path jmods = getDefaultModulePath();
 258                 if (jmods != null) {
 259                     options.modulePath.add(jmods);
 260                 }
 261 
 262                 if (options.modulePath.isEmpty()) {
 263                      throw taskHelper.newBadArgs("err.modulepath.must.be.specified")
 264                                  .showUsage(true);
 265                 }
 266             }
 267 
 268             JlinkConfiguration config = initJlinkConfig();
 269             if (options.suggestProviders) {
 270                 suggestProviders(config, remaining);
 271             } else {
 272                 createImage(config);
 273                 if (options.saveoptsfile != null) {
 274                     Files.write(Paths.get(options.saveoptsfile), getSaveOpts().getBytes());
 275                 }
 276             }
 277 
 278             return EXIT_OK;
 279         } catch (PluginException | IllegalArgumentException |
 280                  UncheckedIOException |IOException | FindException | ResolutionException e) {
 281             log.println(taskHelper.getMessage("error.prefix") + " " + e.getMessage());
 282             if (DEBUG) {
 283                 e.printStackTrace(log);
 284             }
 285             return EXIT_ERROR;
 286         } catch (BadArgs e) {
 287             taskHelper.reportError(e.key, e.args);
 288             if (e.showUsage) {
 289                 log.println(taskHelper.getMessage("main.usage.summary", PROGNAME));
 290             }
 291             if (DEBUG) {
 292                 e.printStackTrace(log);
 293             }
 294             return EXIT_CMDERR;
 295         } catch (Throwable x) {
 296             log.println(taskHelper.getMessage("error.prefix") + " " + x.getMessage());
 297             x.printStackTrace(log);
 298             return EXIT_ABNORMAL;
 299         } finally {
 300             log.flush();
 301         }
 302     }
 303 
 304     /*
 305      * Jlink API entry point.
 306      */
 307     public static void createImage(JlinkConfiguration config,
 308                                    PluginsConfiguration plugins)
 309             throws Exception {
 310         Objects.requireNonNull(config);
 311         Objects.requireNonNull(config.getOutput());
 312         plugins = plugins == null ? new PluginsConfiguration() : plugins;
 313 
 314         // First create the image provider
 315         ImageProvider imageProvider =
 316                 createImageProvider(config,
 317                                     null,
 318                                     IGNORE_SIGNING_DEFAULT,
 319                                     false,
 320                                     false,
 321                                     null);
 322 
 323         // Then create the Plugin Stack
 324         ImagePluginStack stack = ImagePluginConfiguration.parseConfiguration(plugins);
 325 
 326         //Ask the stack to proceed;
 327         stack.operate(imageProvider);
 328     }
 329 
 330     /*
 331      * Jlink API entry point.
 332      */
 333     public static void postProcessImage(ExecutableImage image, List<Plugin> postProcessorPlugins)
 334             throws Exception {
 335         Objects.requireNonNull(image);
 336         Objects.requireNonNull(postProcessorPlugins);
 337         PluginsConfiguration config = new PluginsConfiguration(postProcessorPlugins);
 338         ImagePluginStack stack = ImagePluginConfiguration.
 339                 parseConfiguration(config);
 340 
 341         stack.operate((ImagePluginStack stack1) -> image);
 342     }
 343 
 344     private void postProcessOnly(Path existingImage) throws Exception {
 345         PluginsConfiguration config = taskHelper.getPluginsConfig(null, null);
 346         ExecutableImage img = DefaultImageBuilder.getExecutableImage(existingImage);
 347         if (img == null) {
 348             throw taskHelper.newBadArgs("err.existing.image.invalid");
 349         }
 350         postProcessImage(img, config.getPlugins());
 351     }
 352 
 353     // the token for "all modules on the module path"
 354     private static final String ALL_MODULE_PATH = "ALL-MODULE-PATH";
 355     private JlinkConfiguration initJlinkConfig() throws BadArgs {
 356         Set<String> roots = new HashSet<>();
 357         for (String mod : options.addMods) {
 358             if (mod.equals(ALL_MODULE_PATH)) {
 359                 ModuleFinder finder = newModuleFinder(options.modulePath, options.limitMods, Set.of());
 360                 // all observable modules are roots
 361                 finder.findAll()
 362                       .stream()
 363                       .map(ModuleReference::descriptor)
 364                       .map(ModuleDescriptor::name)
 365                       .forEach(mn -> roots.add(mn));
 366             } else {
 367                 roots.add(mod);
 368             }
 369         }
 370 
 371         ModuleFinder finder = newModuleFinder(options.modulePath, options.limitMods, roots);
 372         if (!finder.find("java.base").isPresent()) {
 373             Path defModPath = getDefaultModulePath();
 374             if (defModPath != null) {
 375                 options.modulePath.add(defModPath);
 376             }
 377             finder = newModuleFinder(options.modulePath, options.limitMods, roots);
 378         }
 379 
 380         return new JlinkConfiguration(options.output,
 381                                       roots,
 382                                       options.endian,
 383                                       finder);
 384     }
 385 
 386     private void createImage(JlinkConfiguration config) throws Exception {
 387         if (options.output == null) {
 388             throw taskHelper.newBadArgs("err.output.must.be.specified").showUsage(true);
 389         }
 390         if (options.addMods.isEmpty()) {
 391             throw taskHelper.newBadArgs("err.mods.must.be.specified", "--add-modules")
 392                             .showUsage(true);
 393         }
 394 
 395         // First create the image provider
 396         ImageProvider imageProvider = createImageProvider(config,
 397                                                           options.packagedModulesPath,
 398                                                           options.ignoreSigning,
 399                                                           options.bindServices,
 400                                                           options.verbose,
 401                                                           log);
 402 
 403         // Then create the Plugin Stack
 404         ImagePluginStack stack = ImagePluginConfiguration.parseConfiguration(
 405             taskHelper.getPluginsConfig(options.output, options.launchers));
 406 
 407         //Ask the stack to proceed
 408         stack.operate(imageProvider);
 409     }
 410 
 411     /**
 412      * @return the system module path or null
 413      */
 414     public static Path getDefaultModulePath() {
 415         Path jmods = Paths.get(System.getProperty("java.home"), "jmods");
 416         return Files.isDirectory(jmods)? jmods : null;
 417     }
 418 
 419     /*
 420      * Returns a module finder of the given module path that limits
 421      * the observable modules to those in the transitive closure of
 422      * the modules specified in {@code limitMods} plus other modules
 423      * specified in the {@code roots} set.
 424      *
 425      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if java.base module is present
 426      * but its descriptor has no version
 427      */
 428     public static ModuleFinder newModuleFinder(List<Path> paths,
 429                                                Set<String> limitMods,
 430                                                Set<String> roots)
 431     {
 432         if (Objects.requireNonNull(paths).isEmpty()) {
 433              throw new IllegalArgumentException("Empty module path");
 434         }
 435 
 436         Path[] entries = paths.toArray(new Path[0]);
 437         Runtime.Version version = Runtime.version();
 438         ModuleFinder finder = ModulePath.of(version, true, entries);
 439 
 440         if (finder.find("java.base").isPresent()) {
 441             // use the version of java.base module, if present, as
 442             // the release version for multi-release JAR files
 443             ModuleDescriptor.Version v = finder.find("java.base").get()
 444                 .descriptor().version().orElseThrow(() ->
 445                     new IllegalArgumentException("No version in java.base descriptor")
 446                 );
 447 
 448             // java.base version is different than the current runtime version
 449             version = Runtime.Version.parse(v.toString());
 450             if (Runtime.version().major() != version.major()) {
 451                 finder = ModulePath.of(version, true, entries);
 452             }
 453         }
 454 
 455         // if limitmods is specified then limit the universe
 456         if (limitMods != null && !limitMods.isEmpty()) {
 457             finder = limitFinder(finder, limitMods, Objects.requireNonNull(roots));
 458         }
 459         return finder;
 460     }
 461 
 462     private static Path toPathLocation(ResolvedModule m) {
 463         Optional<URI> ouri = m.reference().location();
 464         if (!ouri.isPresent())
 465             throw new InternalError(m + " does not have a location");
 466         URI uri = ouri.get();
 467         return Paths.get(uri);
 468     }
 469 
 470 
 471     private static ImageProvider createImageProvider(JlinkConfiguration config,
 472                                                      Path retainModulesPath,
 473                                                      boolean ignoreSigning,
 474                                                      boolean bindService,
 475                                                      boolean verbose,
 476                                                      PrintWriter log)
 477             throws IOException
 478     {
 479         Configuration cf = bindService ? config.resolveAndBind()
 480                                        : config.resolve();
 481 
 482         cf.modules().stream()
 483             .map(ResolvedModule::reference)
 484             .filter(mref -> mref.descriptor().isAutomatic())
 485             .findAny()
 486             .ifPresent(mref -> {
 487                 String loc = mref.location().map(URI::toString).orElse("<unknown>");
 488                 throw new IllegalArgumentException(
 489                     taskHelper.getMessage("err.automatic.module", mref.descriptor().name(), loc));
 490             });
 491 
 492         if (verbose && log != null) {
 493             // print modules to be linked in
 494             cf.modules().stream()
 495               .sorted(Comparator.comparing(ResolvedModule::name))
 496               .forEach(rm -> log.format("%s %s%n",
 497                                         rm.name(), rm.reference().location().get()));
 498 
 499             // print provider info
 500             Set<ModuleReference> references = cf.modules().stream()
 501                 .map(ResolvedModule::reference).collect(Collectors.toSet());
 502 
 503             String msg = String.format("%n%s:", taskHelper.getMessage("providers.header"));
 504             printProviders(log, msg, references);
 505         }
 506 
 507         // emit a warning for any incubating modules in the configuration
 508         if (log != null) {
 509             String im = cf.modules()
 510                           .stream()
 511                           .map(ResolvedModule::reference)
 512                           .filter(ModuleResolution::hasIncubatingWarning)
 513                           .map(ModuleReference::descriptor)
 514                           .map(ModuleDescriptor::name)
 515                           .collect(Collectors.joining(", "));
 516 
 517             if (!"".equals(im))
 518                 log.println("WARNING: Using incubator modules: " + im);
 519         }
 520 
 521         Map<String, Path> mods = cf.modules().stream()
 522             .collect(Collectors.toMap(ResolvedModule::name, JlinkTask::toPathLocation));
 523         return new ImageHelper(cf, mods, config.getByteOrder(), retainModulesPath, ignoreSigning);
 524     }
 525 
 526     /*
 527      * Returns a ModuleFinder that limits observability to the given root
 528      * modules, their transitive dependences, plus a set of other modules.
 529      */
 530     public static ModuleFinder limitFinder(ModuleFinder finder,
 531                                            Set<String> roots,
 532                                            Set<String> otherMods) {
 533 
 534         // resolve all root modules
 535         Configuration cf = Configuration.empty()
 536                 .resolve(finder,
 537                          ModuleFinder.of(),
 538                          roots);
 539 
 540         // module name -> reference
 541         Map<String, ModuleReference> map = new HashMap<>();
 542         cf.modules().forEach(m -> {
 543             ModuleReference mref = m.reference();
 544             map.put(mref.descriptor().name(), mref);
 545         });
 546 
 547         // add the other modules
 548         otherMods.stream()
 549             .map(finder::find)
 550             .flatMap(Optional::stream)
 551             .forEach(mref -> map.putIfAbsent(mref.descriptor().name(), mref));
 552 
 553         // set of modules that are observable
 554         Set<ModuleReference> mrefs = new HashSet<>(map.values());
 555 
 556         return new ModuleFinder() {
 557             @Override
 558             public Optional<ModuleReference> find(String name) {
 559                 return Optional.ofNullable(map.get(name));
 560             }
 561 
 562             @Override
 563             public Set<ModuleReference> findAll() {
 564                 return mrefs;
 565             }
 566         };
 567     }
 568 
 569     /*
 570      * Returns a map of each service type to the modules that use it
 571      * It will include services that are provided by a module but may not used
 572      * by any of the observable modules.
 573      */
 574     private static Map<String, Set<String>> uses(Set<ModuleReference> modules) {
 575         // collects the services used by the modules and print uses
 576         Map<String, Set<String>> services = new HashMap<>();
 577         modules.stream()
 578                .map(ModuleReference::descriptor)
 579                .forEach(md -> {
 580                    // include services that may not be used by any observable modules
 581                    md.provides().forEach(p ->
 582                        services.computeIfAbsent(p.service(), _k -> new HashSet<>()));
 583                    md.uses().forEach(s -> services.computeIfAbsent(s, _k -> new HashSet<>())
 584                                                   .add(md.name()));
 585                });
 586         return services;
 587     }
 588 
 589     private static void printProviders(PrintWriter log,
 590                                        String header,
 591                                        Set<ModuleReference> modules) {
 592         printProviders(log, header, modules, uses(modules));
 593     }
 594 
 595     /*
 596      * Prints the providers that are used by the specified services.
 597      *
 598      * The specified services maps a service type name to the modules
 599      * using the service type which may be empty if no observable module uses
 600      * that service.
 601      */
 602     private static void printProviders(PrintWriter log,
 603                                        String header,
 604                                        Set<ModuleReference> modules,
 605                                        Map<String, Set<String>> serviceToUses) {
 606         if (modules.isEmpty())
 607             return;
 608 
 609         // Build a map of a service type to the provider modules
 610         Map<String, Set<ModuleDescriptor>> providers = new HashMap<>();
 611         modules.stream()
 612             .map(ModuleReference::descriptor)
 613             .forEach(md -> {
 614                 md.provides().stream()
 615                   .filter(p -> serviceToUses.containsKey(p.service()))
 616                   .forEach(p -> providers.computeIfAbsent(p.service(), _k -> new HashSet<>())
 617                                          .add(md));
 618             });
 619 
 620         if (!providers.isEmpty()) {
 621             log.println(header);
 622         }
 623 
 624         // print the providers of the service types used by the specified modules
 625         // sorted by the service type name and then provider's module name
 626         providers.entrySet().stream()
 627             .sorted(Map.Entry.comparingByKey())
 628             .forEach(e -> {
 629                 String service = e.getKey();
 630                 e.getValue().stream()
 631                  .sorted(Comparator.comparing(ModuleDescriptor::name))
 632                  .forEach(md ->
 633                      md.provides().stream()
 634                        .filter(p -> p.service().equals(service))
 635                        .forEach(p -> {
 636                            String usedBy;
 637                            if (serviceToUses.get(p.service()).isEmpty()) {
 638                                usedBy = "not used by any observable module";
 639                            } else {
 640                                usedBy = serviceToUses.get(p.service()).stream()
 641                                             .sorted()
 642                                             .collect(Collectors.joining(",", "used by ", ""));
 643                            }
 644                            log.format("  %s provides %s %s%n",
 645                                       md.name(), p.service(), usedBy);
 646                        })
 647                  );
 648             });
 649     }
 650 
 651     private void suggestProviders(JlinkConfiguration config, List<String> args)
 652         throws BadArgs
 653     {
 654         if (args.size() > 1) {
 655             throw taskHelper.newBadArgs("err.orphan.argument",
 656                                         toString(args.subList(1, args.size())))
 657                             .showUsage(true);
 658         }
 659 
 660         if (options.bindServices) {
 661             log.println(taskHelper.getMessage("no.suggested.providers"));
 662             return;
 663         }
 664 
 665         ModuleFinder finder = config.finder();
 666         if (args.isEmpty()) {
 667             // print providers used by the observable modules without service binding
 668             Set<ModuleReference> mrefs = finder.findAll();
 669             // print uses of the modules that would be linked into the image
 670             mrefs.stream()
 671                  .sorted(Comparator.comparing(mref -> mref.descriptor().name()))
 672                  .forEach(mref -> {
 673                      ModuleDescriptor md = mref.descriptor();
 674                      log.format("%s %s%n", md.name(),
 675                                 mref.location().get());
 676                      md.uses().stream().sorted()
 677                        .forEach(s -> log.format("    uses %s%n", s));
 678                  });
 679 
 680             String msg = String.format("%n%s:", taskHelper.getMessage("suggested.providers.header"));
 681             printProviders(log, msg, mrefs, uses(mrefs));
 682 
 683         } else {
 684             // comma-separated service types, if specified
 685             Set<String> names = Stream.of(args.get(0).split(","))
 686                 .collect(Collectors.toSet());
 687             // find the modules that provide the specified service
 688             Set<ModuleReference> mrefs = finder.findAll().stream()
 689                 .filter(mref -> mref.descriptor().provides().stream()
 690                                     .map(ModuleDescriptor.Provides::service)
 691                                     .anyMatch(names::contains))
 692                 .collect(Collectors.toSet());
 693 
 694             // find the modules that uses the specified services
 695             Map<String, Set<String>> uses = new HashMap<>();
 696             names.forEach(s -> uses.computeIfAbsent(s, _k -> new HashSet<>()));
 697             finder.findAll().stream()
 698                   .map(ModuleReference::descriptor)
 699                   .forEach(md -> md.uses().stream()
 700                                    .filter(names::contains)
 701                                    .forEach(s -> uses.get(s).add(md.name())));
 702 
 703             // check if any name given on the command line are not provided by any module
 704             mrefs.stream()
 705                  .flatMap(mref -> mref.descriptor().provides().stream()
 706                                       .map(ModuleDescriptor.Provides::service))
 707                  .forEach(names::remove);
 708             if (!names.isEmpty()) {
 709                 log.println(taskHelper.getMessage("warn.provider.notfound",
 710                                                   toString(names)));
 711             }
 712 
 713             String msg = String.format("%n%s:", taskHelper.getMessage("suggested.providers.header"));
 714             printProviders(log, msg, mrefs, uses);
 715         }
 716     }
 717 
 718     private static String toString(Collection<String> collection) {
 719         return collection.stream().sorted()
 720                          .collect(Collectors.joining(","));
 721     }
 722 
 723     private String getSaveOpts() {
 724         StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
 725         sb.append('#').append(new Date()).append("\n");
 726         for (String c : optionsHelper.getInputCommand()) {
 727             sb.append(c).append(" ");
 728         }
 729 
 730         return sb.toString();
 731     }
 732 
 733     private static String getBomHeader() {
 734         StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
 735         sb.append("#").append(new Date()).append("\n");
 736         sb.append("#Please DO NOT Modify this file").append("\n");
 737         return sb.toString();
 738     }
 739 
 740     private String genBOMContent() throws IOException {
 741         StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
 742         sb.append(getBomHeader());
 743         StringBuilder command = new StringBuilder();
 744         for (String c : optionsHelper.getInputCommand()) {
 745             command.append(c).append(" ");
 746         }
 747         sb.append("command").append(" = ").append(command);
 748         sb.append("\n");
 749 
 750         return sb.toString();
 751     }
 752 
 753     private static String genBOMContent(JlinkConfiguration config,
 754             PluginsConfiguration plugins)
 755             throws IOException {
 756         StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
 757         sb.append(getBomHeader());
 758         sb.append(config);
 759         sb.append(plugins);
 760         return sb.toString();
 761     }
 762 
 763     private static class ImageHelper implements ImageProvider {
 764         final ByteOrder order;
 765         final Path packagedModulesPath;
 766         final boolean ignoreSigning;
 767         final Runtime.Version version;
 768         final Set<Archive> archives;
 769 
 770         ImageHelper(Configuration cf,
 771                     Map<String, Path> modsPaths,
 772                     ByteOrder order,
 773                     Path packagedModulesPath,
 774                     boolean ignoreSigning) throws IOException {
 775             this.order = order;
 776             this.packagedModulesPath = packagedModulesPath;
 777             this.ignoreSigning = ignoreSigning;
 778 
 779             // use the version of java.base module, if present, as
 780             // the release version for multi-release JAR files
 781             this.version = cf.findModule("java.base")
 782                 .map(ResolvedModule::reference)
 783                 .map(ModuleReference::descriptor)
 784                 .flatMap(ModuleDescriptor::version)
 785                 .map(ModuleDescriptor.Version::toString)
 786                 .map(Runtime.Version::parse)
 787                 .orElse(Runtime.version());
 788 
 789             this.archives = modsPaths.entrySet().stream()
 790                                 .map(e -> newArchive(e.getKey(), e.getValue()))
 791                                 .collect(Collectors.toSet());
 792         }
 793 
 794         private Archive newArchive(String module, Path path) {
 795             if (path.toString().endsWith(".jmod")) {
 796                 return new JmodArchive(module, path);
 797             } else if (path.toString().endsWith(".jar")) {
 798                 ModularJarArchive modularJarArchive = new ModularJarArchive(module, path, version);
 799 
 800                 Stream<Archive.Entry> signatures = modularJarArchive.entries().filter((entry) -> {
 801                     String name = entry.name().toUpperCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
 802 
 803                     return name.startsWith("META-INF/") && name.indexOf('/', 9) == -1 && (
 804                                 name.endsWith(".SF") ||
 805                                 name.endsWith(".DSA") ||
 806                                 name.endsWith(".RSA") ||
 807                                 name.endsWith(".EC") ||
 808                                 name.startsWith("META-INF/SIG-")
 809                             );
 810                 });
 811 
 812                 if (signatures.count() != 0) {
 813                     if (ignoreSigning) {
 814                         System.err.println(taskHelper.getMessage("warn.signing", path));
 815                     } else {
 816                         throw new IllegalArgumentException(taskHelper.getMessage("err.signing", path));
 817                     }
 818                 }
 819 
 820                 return modularJarArchive;
 821             } else if (Files.isDirectory(path)) {
 822                 return new DirArchive(path);
 823             } else {
 824                 throw new IllegalArgumentException(
 825                     taskHelper.getMessage("err.not.modular.format", module, path));
 826             }
 827         }
 828 
 829         @Override
 830         public ExecutableImage retrieve(ImagePluginStack stack) throws IOException {
 831             ExecutableImage image = ImageFileCreator.create(archives, order, stack);
 832             if (packagedModulesPath != null) {
 833                 // copy the packaged modules to the given path
 834                 Files.createDirectories(packagedModulesPath);
 835                 for (Archive a : archives) {
 836                     Path file = a.getPath();
 837                     Path dest = packagedModulesPath.resolve(file.getFileName());
 838                     Files.copy(file, dest);
 839                 }
 840             }
 841             return image;
 842         }
 843     }
 844 }