1 #
   2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   3 #
   4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   6 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
   7 #
   8 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
   9 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  10 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  11 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  12 # accompanied this code).
  13 #
  14 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  15 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  16 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  17 #
  18 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  19 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  20 # questions.
  21 #
  22 # tzdb data for North and Central America and environs
  23 
  24 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
  25 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
  26 
  27 # also includes Central America and the Caribbean
  28 
  29 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
  30 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
  31 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
  32 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
  33 
  34 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22):
  35 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
  36 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
  37 
  38 ###############################################################################
  39 
  40 # United States
  41 
  42 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
  43 # Howse writes (pp 121-125) that time zones were invented by
  44 # Professor Charles Ferdinand Dowd (1825-1904),
  45 # Principal of Temple Grove Ladies' Seminary (Saratoga Springs, NY).
  46 # His pamphlet "A System of National Time for Railroads" (1870)
  47 # was the result of his proposals at the Convention of Railroad Trunk Lines
  48 # in New York City (1869-10).  His 1870 proposal was based on Washington, DC,
  49 # but in 1872-05 he moved the proposed origin to Greenwich.
  50 
  51 # From Paul Eggert (2018-03-20):
  52 # Dowd's proposal left many details unresolved, such as where to draw
  53 # lines between time zones.  The key individual who made time zones
  54 # work in the US was William Frederick Allen - railway engineer,
  55 # managing editor of the Travelers' Guide, and secretary of the
  56 # General Time Convention, a railway standardization group.  Allen
  57 # spent months in dialogs with scientific and railway leaders,
  58 # developed a workable plan to institute time zones, and presented it
  59 # to the General Time Convention on 1883-04-11, saying that his plan
  60 # meant "local time would be practically abolished" - a plus for
  61 # railway scheduling.  By the next convention on 1883-10-11 nearly all
  62 # railroads had agreed and it took effect on 1883-11-18.  That Sunday
  63 # was called the "day of two noons", as some locations observed noon
  64 # twice.  Allen witnessed the transition in New York City, writing:
  65 #
  66 #   I heard the bells of St. Paul's strike on the old time.  Four
  67 #   minutes later, obedient to the electrical signal from the Naval
  68 #   Observatory ... the time-ball made its rapid descent, the chimes
  69 #   of old Trinity rang twelve measured strokes, and local time was
  70 #   abandoned, probably forever.
  71 #
  72 # Most of the US soon followed suit.  See:
  73 # Bartky IR. The adoption of standard time. Technol Cult 1989 Jan;30(1):25-56.
  74 # https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3105430
  75 
  76 # From Paul Eggert (2005-04-16):
  77 # That 1883 transition occurred at 12:00 new time, not at 12:00 old time.
  78 # See p 46 of David Prerau, Seize the daylight, Thunder's Mouth Press (2005).
  79 
  80 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
  81 # A good source for time zone historical data in the US is
  82 # Thomas G. Shanks, The American Atlas (5th edition),
  83 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
  84 # Make sure you have the errata sheet; the book is somewhat useless without it.
  85 # It is the source for most of the pre-1991 US entries below.
  86 
  87 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
  88 # Daylight Saving Time was first suggested as a joke by Benjamin Franklin
  89 # in his whimsical essay "An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost
  90 # of Light" published in the Journal de Paris (1784-04-26).
  91 # Not everyone is happy with the results:
  92 #
  93 #       I don't really care how time is reckoned so long as there is some
  94 #       agreement about it, but I object to being told that I am saving
  95 #       daylight when my reason tells me that I am doing nothing of the kind.
  96 #       I even object to the implication that I am wasting something
  97 #       valuable if I stay in bed after the sun has risen.  As an admirer
  98 #       of moonlight I resent the bossy insistence of those who want to
  99 #       reduce my time for enjoying it.  At the back of the Daylight Saving
 100 #       scheme I detect the bony, blue-fingered hand of Puritanism, eager
 101 #       to push people into bed earlier, and get them up earlier, to make
 102 #       them healthy, wealthy and wise in spite of themselves.
 103 #
 104 #        -- Robertson Davies, The diary of Samuel Marchbanks,
 105 #          Clarke, Irwin (1947), XIX, Sunday
 106 #
 107 # For more about the first ten years of DST in the United States, see
 108 # Robert Garland, Ten years of daylight saving from the Pittsburgh standpoint
 109 # (Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, 1927).
 110 # http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/dst.html
 111 #
 112 # Shanks says that DST was called "War Time" in the US in 1918 and 1919.
 113 # However, DST was imposed by the Standard Time Act of 1918, which
 114 # was the first nationwide legal time standard, and apparently
 115 # time was just called "Standard Time" or "Daylight Saving Time".
 116 
 117 # From Arthur David Olson:
 118 # US Daylight Saving Time ended on the last Sunday of *October* in 1974.
 119 # See, for example, the front page of the Saturday, 1974-10-26
 120 # and Sunday, 1974-10-27 editions of the Washington Post.
 121 
 122 # From Arthur David Olson:
 123 # Before the Uniform Time Act of 1966 took effect in 1967, observance of
 124 # Daylight Saving Time in the US was by local option, except during wartime.
 125 
 126 # From Arthur David Olson (2000-09-25):
 127 # Last night I heard part of a rebroadcast of a 1945 Arch Oboler radio drama.
 128 # In the introduction, Oboler spoke of "Eastern Peace Time."
 129 # An AltaVista search turned up:
 130 # https://web.archive.org/web/20000926032210/http://rowayton.org/rhs/hstaug45.html
 131 # "When the time is announced over the radio now, it is 'Eastern Peace
 132 # Time' instead of the old familiar 'Eastern War Time.'  Peace is wonderful."
 133 # (August 1945) by way of confirmation.
 134 #
 135 # From Paul Eggert (2017-09-23):
 136 # This was the V-J Day issue of the Clamdigger, a Rowayton, CT newsletter.
 137 
 138 # From Joseph Gallant citing
 139 # George H. Douglas, _The Early Days of Radio Broadcasting_ (1987):
 140 # At 7 P.M. (Eastern War Time) [on 1945-08-14], the networks were set
 141 # to switch to London for Attlee's address, but the American people
 142 # never got to hear his speech live. According to one press account,
 143 # CBS' Bob Trout was first to announce the word of Japan's surrender,
 144 # but a few seconds later, NBC, ABC and Mutual also flashed the word
 145 # of surrender, all of whom interrupting the bells of Big Ben in
 146 # London which were to precede Mr. Attlee's speech.
 147 
 148 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): It was Robert St John, not Bob Trout.  From
 149 # Myrna Oliver's obituary of St John on page B16 of today's Los Angeles Times:
 150 #
 151 # ... a war-weary U.S. clung to radios, awaiting word of Japan's surrender.
 152 # Any announcement from Asia would reach St. John's New York newsroom on a
 153 # wire service teletype machine, which had prescribed signals for major news.
 154 # Associated Press, for example, would ring five bells before spewing out
 155 # typed copy of an important story, and 10 bells for news "of transcendental
 156 # importance."
 157 #
 158 # On Aug. 14, stalling while talking steadily into the NBC networks' open
 159 # microphone, St. John heard five bells and waited only to hear a sixth bell,
 160 # before announcing confidently: "Ladies and gentlemen, World War II is over.
 161 # The Japanese have agreed to our surrender terms."
 162 #
 163 # He had scored a 20-second scoop on other broadcasters.
 164 
 165 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-08-22):
 166 # Paul has been careful to use the "US" rules only in those locations
 167 # that are part of the United States; this reflects the real scope of
 168 # U.S. government action.  So even though the "US" rules have changed
 169 # in the latest release, other countries won't be affected.
 170 
 171 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 172 Rule    US      1918    1919    -       Mar     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 173 Rule    US      1918    1919    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 174 Rule    US      1942    only    -       Feb     9       2:00    1:00    W # War
 175 Rule    US      1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
 176 Rule    US      1945    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 177 Rule    US      1967    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 178 Rule    US      1967    1973    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 179 Rule    US      1974    only    -       Jan     6       2:00    1:00    D
 180 Rule    US      1975    only    -       Feb     23      2:00    1:00    D
 181 Rule    US      1976    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 182 Rule    US      1987    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1       2:00    1:00    D
 183 Rule    US      2007    max     -       Mar     Sun>=8       2:00    1:00    D
 184 Rule    US      2007    max     -       Nov     Sun>=1       2:00    0       S
 185 
 186 # From Arthur David Olson, 2005-12-19
 187 # We generate the files specified below to guard against old files with
 188 # obsolete information being left in the time zone binary directory.
 189 # We limit the list to names that have appeared in previous versions of
 190 # this time zone package.
 191 # We do these as separate Zones rather than as Links to avoid problems if
 192 # a particular place changes whether it observes DST.
 193 # We put these specifications here in the northamerica file both to
 194 # increase the chances that they'll actually get compiled and to
 195 # avoid the need to duplicate the US rules in another file.
 196 
 197 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 198 Zone    EST              -5:00  -       EST
 199 Zone    MST              -7:00  -       MST
 200 Zone    HST             -10:00  -       HST
 201 Zone    EST5EDT          -5:00  US      E%sT
 202 Zone    CST6CDT          -6:00  US      C%sT
 203 Zone    MST7MDT          -7:00  US      M%sT
 204 Zone    PST8PDT          -8:00  US      P%sT
 205 
 206 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
 207 # USA  EASTERN       5 H  BEHIND UTC    NEW YORK, WASHINGTON
 208 # USA  EASTERN       4 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 209 # USA  CENTRAL       6 H  BEHIND UTC    CHICAGO, HOUSTON
 210 # USA  CENTRAL       5 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 211 # USA  MOUNTAIN      7 H  BEHIND UTC    DENVER
 212 # USA  MOUNTAIN      6 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 213 # USA  PACIFIC       8 H  BEHIND UTC    L.A., SAN FRANCISCO
 214 # USA  PACIFIC       7 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 215 # USA  ALASKA STD    9 H  BEHIND UTC    MOST OF ALASKA     (AKST)
 216 # USA  ALASKA STD    8 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30 (AKDT)
 217 # USA  ALEUTIAN     10 H  BEHIND UTC    ISLANDS WEST OF 170W
 218 # USA    "           9 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 219 # USA  HAWAII       10 H  BEHIND UTC
 220 # USA  BERING       11 H  BEHIND UTC    SAMOA, MIDWAY
 221 
 222 # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-21):
 223 # The above dates are for 1988.
 224 # Note the "AKST" and "AKDT" abbreviations, the claim that there's
 225 # no DST in Samoa, and the claim that there is DST in Alaska and the
 226 # Aleutians.
 227 
 228 # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
 229 # Legal standard time zone names, from United States Code (1982 Edition and
 230 # Supplement III), Title 15, Chapter 6, Section 260 and forward.  First, names
 231 # up to 1967-04-01 (when most provisions of the Uniform Time Act of 1966
 232 # took effect), as explained in sections 263 and 261:
 233 #       (none)
 234 #       United States standard eastern time
 235 #       United States standard mountain time
 236 #       United States standard central time
 237 #       United States standard Pacific time
 238 #       (none)
 239 #       United States standard Alaska time
 240 #       (none)
 241 # Next, names from 1967-04-01 until 1983-11-30 (the date for
 242 # public law 98-181):
 243 #       Atlantic standard time
 244 #       eastern standard time
 245 #       central standard time
 246 #       mountain standard time
 247 #       Pacific standard time
 248 #       Yukon standard time
 249 #       Alaska-Hawaii standard time
 250 #       Bering standard time
 251 # And after 1983-11-30:
 252 #       Atlantic standard time
 253 #       eastern standard time
 254 #       central standard time
 255 #       mountain standard time
 256 #       Pacific standard time
 257 #       Alaska standard time
 258 #       Hawaii-Aleutian standard time
 259 #       Samoa standard time
 260 # The law doesn't give abbreviations.
 261 #
 262 # From Paul Eggert (2016-12-19):
 263 # Here are URLs for the 1918 and 1966 legislation:
 264 # http://uscode.house.gov/statviewer.htm?volume=40&page=451
 265 # http://uscode.house.gov/statviewer.htm?volume=80&page=108
 266 # Although the 1918 names were officially "United States Standard
 267 # Eastern Time" and similarly for "Central", "Mountain", "Pacific",
 268 # and "Alaska", in practice "Standard" was placed just before "Time",
 269 # as codified in 1966.  In practice, Alaska time was abbreviated "AST"
 270 # before 1968.  Summarizing the 1967 name changes:
 271 #       1918 names                      1967 names
 272 #  -08  Standard Pacific Time (PST)     Pacific standard time (PST)
 273 #  -09  (unofficial) Yukon (YST)        Yukon standard time (YST)
 274 #  -10  Standard Alaska Time (AST)      Alaska-Hawaii standard time (AHST)
 275 #  -11  (unofficial) Nome (NST)         Bering standard time (BST)
 276 #
 277 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08), following a heads-up from Rives McDow:
 278 # Public law 106-564 (2000-12-23) introduced ... "Chamorro Standard Time"
 279 # for time in Guam and the Northern Marianas.  See the file "australasia".
 280 #
 281 # From Paul Eggert (2015-04-17):
 282 # HST and HDT are standardized abbreviations for Hawaii-Aleutian
 283 # standard and daylight times.  See section 9.47 (p 234) of the
 284 # U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual (2008)
 285 # https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-STYLEMANUAL-2008/pdf/GPO-STYLEMANUAL-2008.pdf
 286 
 287 # From Arthur David Olson, 2005-08-09
 288 # The following was signed into law on 2005-08-08.
 289 #
 290 # H.R. 6, Energy Policy Act of 2005, SEC. 110. DAYLIGHT SAVINGS.
 291 #   (a) Amendment.--Section 3(a) of the Uniform Time Act of 1966 (15
 292 #   U.S.C. 260a(a)) is amended--
 293 #     (1) by striking "first Sunday of April" and inserting "second
 294 #     Sunday of March"; and
 295 #     (2) by striking "last Sunday of October" and inserting "first
 296 #     Sunday of November'.
 297 #   (b) Effective Date.--Subsection (a) shall take effect 1 year after the
 298 #   date of enactment of this Act or March 1, 2007, whichever is later.
 299 #   (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 9 months after the effective
 300 #   date stated in subsection (b), the Secretary shall report to Congress
 301 #   on the impact of this section on energy consumption in the United
 302 #   States.
 303 #   (d) Right to Revert.--Congress retains the right to revert the
 304 #   Daylight Saving Time back to the 2005 time schedules once the
 305 #   Department study is complete.
 306 
 307 # US eastern time, represented by New York
 308 
 309 # Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, most of Florida,
 310 # Georgia, southeast Indiana (Dearborn and Ohio counties), eastern Kentucky
 311 # (except America/Kentucky/Louisville below), Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts,
 312 # New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio,
 313 # Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, eastern Tennessee,
 314 # Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia
 315 
 316 # From Dave Cantor (2004-11-02):
 317 # Early this summer I had the occasion to visit the Mount Washington
 318 # Observatory weather station atop (of course!) Mount Washington [, NH]....
 319 # One of the staff members said that the station was on Eastern Standard Time
 320 # and didn't change their clocks for Daylight Saving ... so that their
 321 # reports will always have times which are 5 hours behind UTC.
 322 
 323 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-26):
 324 # According to today's Huntsville Times
 325 # http://www.al.com/news/huntsvilletimes/index.ssf?/base/news/1125047783228320.xml&coll=1
 326 # a few towns on Alabama's "eastern border with Georgia, such as Phenix City
 327 # in Russell County, Lanett in Chambers County and some towns in Lee County,
 328 # set their watches and clocks on Eastern time."  It quotes H.H. "Bubba"
 329 # Roberts, city administrator in Phenix City. as saying "We are in the Central
 330 # time zone, but we do go by the Eastern time zone because so many people work
 331 # in Columbus."
 332 #
 333 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22):
 334 # Four cities are involved.  The two not mentioned above are Smiths Station
 335 # and Valley.  Barbara Brooks, Valley's assistant treasurer, heard it started
 336 # because West Point Pepperell textile mills were in Alabama while the
 337 # corporate office was in Georgia, and residents voted to keep Eastern
 338 # time even after the mills closed.  See: Kazek K. Did you know which
 339 # Alabama towns are in a different time zone?  al.com 2017-02-06.
 340 # http://www.al.com/living/index.ssf/2017/02/do_you_know_which_alabama_town.html
 341 
 342 # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
 343 # Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 44, 4 (1884-02-08), 208
 344 # says that New York City Hall time was 3 minutes 58.4 seconds fast of
 345 # Eastern time (i.e., -4:56:01.6) just before the 1883 switch.  Round to the
 346 # nearest second.
 347 
 348 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 349 Rule    NYC     1920    only    -       Mar     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 350 Rule    NYC     1920    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 351 Rule    NYC     1921    1966    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 352 Rule    NYC     1921    1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 353 Rule    NYC     1955    1966    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 354 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 355 Zone America/New_York   -4:56:02 -      LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:03:58
 356                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1920
 357                         -5:00   NYC     E%sT    1942
 358                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1946
 359                         -5:00   NYC     E%sT    1967
 360                         -5:00   US      E%sT
 361 
 362 # US central time, represented by Chicago
 363 
 364 # Alabama, Arkansas, Florida panhandle (Bay, Calhoun, Escambia,
 365 # Gulf, Holmes, Jackson, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Walton, and
 366 # Washington counties), Illinois, western Indiana
 367 # (Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
 368 # Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties), Iowa, most of Kansas, western
 369 # Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, eastern
 370 # Nebraska, eastern North Dakota, Oklahoma, eastern South Dakota,
 371 # western Tennessee, most of Texas, Wisconsin
 372 
 373 # From Paul Eggert (2018-01-07):
 374 # In 1869 the Chicago Astronomical Society contracted with the city to keep
 375 # time.  Though delayed by the Great Fire, by 1880 a wire ran from the
 376 # Dearborn Observatory (on the University of Chicago campus) to City Hall,
 377 # which then sent signals to police and fire stations.  However, railroads got
 378 # their time signals from the Allegheny Observatory, the Madison Observatory,
 379 # the Ann Arbor Observatory, etc., so their clocks did not agree with each
 380 # other or with the city's official time.  The confusion took some years to
 381 # clear up.  See:
 382 # Moser M. How Chicago gave America its time zones. Chicago. 2018-01-04.
 383 # http://www.chicagomag.com/city-life/January-2018/How-Chicago-Gave-America-Its-Time-Zones/
 384 
 385 # From Larry M. Smith (2006-04-26) re Wisconsin:
 386 # https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/175.pdf
 387 # is currently enforced at the 01:00 time of change.  Because the local
 388 # "bar time" in the state corresponds to 02:00, a number of citations
 389 # are issued for the "sale of class 'B' alcohol after prohibited
 390 # hours" within the deviated hour of this change every year....
 391 #
 392 # From Douglas R. Bomberg (2007-03-12):
 393 # Wisconsin has enacted (nearly eleventh-hour) legislation to get WI
 394 # Statue 175 closer in synch with the US Congress' intent....
 395 # https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/2007/related/acts/3
 396 
 397 # From an email administrator of the City of Fort Pierre, SD (2015-12-21):
 398 # Fort Pierre is technically located in the Mountain time zone as is
 399 # the rest of Stanley County.  Most of Stanley County and Fort Pierre
 400 # uses the Central time zone due to doing most of their business in
 401 # Pierre so it simplifies schedules.  I have lived in Stanley County
 402 # all my life and it has been that way since I can remember.  (43 years!)
 403 #
 404 # From Paul Eggert (2015-12-25):
 405 # Assume this practice predates 1970, so Fort Pierre can use America/Chicago.
 406 
 407 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 408 Rule    Chicago 1920    only    -       Jun     13      2:00    1:00    D
 409 Rule    Chicago 1920    1921    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 410 Rule    Chicago 1921    only    -       Mar     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 411 Rule    Chicago 1922    1966    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 412 Rule    Chicago 1922    1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 413 Rule    Chicago 1955    1966    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 414 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 415 Zone America/Chicago    -5:50:36 -      LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:09:24
 416                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1920
 417                         -6:00   Chicago C%sT    1936 Mar  1  2:00
 418                         -5:00   -       EST     1936 Nov 15  2:00
 419                         -6:00   Chicago C%sT    1942
 420                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
 421                         -6:00   Chicago C%sT    1967
 422                         -6:00   US      C%sT
 423 # Oliver County, ND switched from mountain to central time on 1992-10-25.
 424 Zone America/North_Dakota/Center -6:45:12 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:48
 425                         -7:00   US      M%sT    1992 Oct 25  2:00
 426                         -6:00   US      C%sT
 427 # Morton County, ND, switched from mountain to central time on
 428 # 2003-10-26, except for the area around Mandan which was already central time.
 429 # See <http://dmses.dot.gov/docimages/p63/135818.pdf>.
 430 # Officially this switch also included part of Sioux County, and
 431 # Jones, Mellette, and Todd Counties in South Dakota;
 432 # but in practice these other counties were already observing central time.
 433 # See <http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/2003/October/Day-28/i27056.htm>.
 434 Zone America/North_Dakota/New_Salem -6:45:39 - LMT      1883 Nov 18 12:14:21
 435                         -7:00   US      M%sT    2003 Oct 26  2:00
 436                         -6:00   US      C%sT
 437 
 438 # From Josh Findley (2011-01-21):
 439 # ...it appears that Mercer County, North Dakota, changed from the
 440 # mountain time zone to the central time zone at the last transition from
 441 # daylight-saving to standard time (on Nov. 7, 2010):
 442 # https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-09-29/html/2010-24376.htm
 443 # http://www.bismarcktribune.com/news/local/article_1eb1b588-c758-11df-b472-001cc4c03286.html
 444 
 445 # From Andy Lipscomb (2011-01-24):
 446 # ...according to the Census Bureau, the largest city is Beulah (although
 447 # it's commonly referred to as Beulah-Hazen, with Hazen being the next
 448 # largest city in Mercer County).  Google Maps places Beulah's city hall
 449 # at 47° 15' 51" N, 101° 46' 40" W, which yields an offset of 6h47'07".
 450 
 451 Zone America/North_Dakota/Beulah -6:47:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:53
 452                         -7:00   US      M%sT    2010 Nov  7  2:00
 453                         -6:00   US      C%sT
 454 
 455 # US mountain time, represented by Denver
 456 #
 457 # Colorado, far western Kansas, Montana, western
 458 # Nebraska, Nevada border (Jackpot, Owyhee, and Mountain City),
 459 # New Mexico, southwestern North Dakota,
 460 # western South Dakota, far western Texas (El Paso County, Hudspeth County,
 461 # and Pine Springs and Nickel Creek in Culberson County), Utah, Wyoming
 462 #
 463 # From Paul Eggert (2018-10-25):
 464 # On 1921-03-04 federal law placed all of Texas into the central time zone.
 465 # However, El Paso ignored the law for decades and continued to observe
 466 # mountain time, on the grounds that that's what they had always done
 467 # and they weren't about to let the federal government tell them what to do.
 468 # Eventually the federal government gave in and changed the law on
 469 # 1970-04-10 to match what El Paso was actually doing.  Although
 470 # that's slightly after our 1970 cutoff, there is no need to create a
 471 # separate zone for El Paso since they were ignoring the law anyway.  See:
 472 # Long T. El Pasoans were time rebels, fought to stay in Mountain zone.
 473 # El Paso Times. 2018-10-24 06:40 -06.
 474 # https://www.elpasotimes.com/story/news/local/el-paso/2018/10/24/el-pasoans-were-time-rebels-fought-stay-mountain-zone/1744509002/
 475 #
 476 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 477 Rule    Denver  1920    1921    -       Mar     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 478 Rule    Denver  1920    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 479 Rule    Denver  1921    only    -       May     22      2:00    0       S
 480 Rule    Denver  1965    1966    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 481 Rule    Denver  1965    1966    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 482 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 483 Zone America/Denver     -6:59:56 -      LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:00:04
 484                         -7:00   US      M%sT    1920
 485                         -7:00   Denver  M%sT    1942
 486                         -7:00   US      M%sT    1946
 487                         -7:00   Denver  M%sT    1967
 488                         -7:00   US      M%sT
 489 
 490 # US Pacific time, represented by Los Angeles
 491 #
 492 # California, northern Idaho (Benewah, Bonner, Boundary, Clearwater,
 493 # Kootenai, Latah, Lewis, Nez Perce, and Shoshone counties, Idaho county
 494 # north of the Salmon River, and the towns of Burgdorf and Warren),
 495 # Nevada (except West Wendover), Oregon (except the northern ¾ of
 496 # Malheur county), and Washington
 497 
 498 # From Paul Eggert (2016-08-20):
 499 # In early February 1948, in response to California's electricity shortage,
 500 # PG&E changed power frequency from 60 to 59.5 Hz during daylight hours,
 501 # causing electric clocks to lose six minutes per day.  (This did not change
 502 # legal time, and is not part of the data here.)  See:
 503 # Ross SA. An energy crisis from the past: Northern California in 1948.
 504 # Working Paper No. 8, Institute of Governmental Studies, UC Berkeley,
 505 # 1973-11.  https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8x22k30c
 506 #
 507 # In another measure to save electricity, DST was instituted from 1948-03-14
 508 # at 02:01 to 1949-01-16 at 02:00, with the governor having the option to move
 509 # the fallback transition earlier.  See pages 3-4 of:
 510 # http://clerk.assembly.ca.gov/sites/clerk.assembly.ca.gov/files/archive/Statutes/1948/48Vol1_Chapters.pdf
 511 #
 512 # In response:
 513 #
 514 #   Governor Warren received a torrent of objecting mail, and it is not too much
 515 #   to speculate that the objections to Daylight Saving Time were one important
 516 #   factor in the defeat of the Dewey-Warren Presidential ticket in California.
 517 #     -- Ross, p 25
 518 #
 519 # On December 8 the governor exercised the option, setting the date to January 1
 520 # (LA Times 1948-12-09).  The transition time was 02:00 (LA Times 1949-01-01).
 521 #
 522 # Despite the controversy, in 1949 California voters approved Proposition 12,
 523 # which established DST from April's last Sunday at 01:00 until September's
 524 # last Sunday at 02:00. This was amended by 1962's Proposition 6, which changed
 525 # the fall-back date to October's last Sunday. See:
 526 # https://repository.uchastings.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1501&context=ca_ballot_props
 527 # https://repository.uchastings.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1636&context=ca_ballot_props
 528 #
 529 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 530 Rule    CA      1948    only    -       Mar     14      2:01    1:00    D
 531 Rule    CA      1949    only    -       Jan      1      2:00    0       S
 532 Rule    CA      1950    1966    -       Apr     lastSun 1:00    1:00    D
 533 Rule    CA      1950    1961    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 534 Rule    CA      1962    1966    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 535 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 536 Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 -     LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:07:02
 537                         -8:00   US      P%sT    1946
 538                         -8:00   CA      P%sT    1967
 539                         -8:00   US      P%sT
 540 
 541 # Alaska
 542 # AK%sT is the modern abbreviation for -09 per USNO.
 543 #
 544 # From Paul Eggert (2017-06-15):
 545 # Howse writes that Alaska switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar,
 546 # and from east-of-GMT to west-of-GMT days, when the US bought it from Russia.
 547 # On Friday, 1867-10-18 (Gregorian), at precisely 15:30 local time, the
 548 # Russian forts and fleet at Sitka fired salutes to mark the ceremony of
 549 # formal transfer.  See the Sacramento Daily Union (1867-11-14), p 3, col 2.
 550 # https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SDU18671114.2.12.1
 551 # Sitka workers did not change their calendars until Sunday, 1867-10-20,
 552 # and so celebrated two Sundays that week.  See: Ahllund T (tr Hallamaa P).
 553 # From the memoirs of a Finnish workman. Alaska History. 2006 Fall;21(2):1-25.
 554 # http://alaskahistoricalsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Ahllund-2006-Memoirs-of-a-Finnish-Workman.pdf
 555 # Include only the time zone part of this transition, ignoring the switch
 556 # from Julian to Gregorian, since we can't represent the Julian calendar.
 557 #
 558 # As far as we know, of the locations mentioned below only Sitka was
 559 # permanently inhabited in 1867 by anyone using either calendar.
 560 # (Yakutat was colonized by the Russians in 1799, but the settlement was
 561 # destroyed in 1805 by a Yakutat-kon war party.)  Many of Alaska's inhabitants
 562 # were unaware of the US acquisition of Alaska, much less of any calendar or
 563 # time change.  However, the Russian-influenced part of Alaska did observe
 564 # Russian time, and it is more accurate to model this than to ignore it.
 565 # The database format requires an exact transition time; use the Russian
 566 # salute as a somewhat-arbitrary time for the formal transfer of control for
 567 # all of Alaska.  Sitka's UTC offset is -9:01:13; adjust its 15:30 to the
 568 # local times of other Alaskan locations so that they change simultaneously.
 569 
 570 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-18):
 571 # One opinion of the early-1980s turmoil in Alaska over time zones and
 572 # daylight saving time appeared as graffiti on a Juneau airport wall:
 573 # "Welcome to Juneau.  Please turn your watch back to the 19th century."
 574 # See: Turner W. Alaska's four time zones now two. NY Times 1983-11-01.
 575 # http://www.nytimes.com/1983/11/01/us/alaska-s-four-time-zones-now-two.html
 576 #
 577 # Steve Ferguson (2011-01-31) referred to the following source:
 578 # Norris F. Keeping time in Alaska: national directives, local response.
 579 # Alaska History 2001;16(1-2).
 580 # http://alaskahistoricalsociety.org/discover-alaska/glimpses-of-the-past/keeping-time-in-alaska/
 581 
 582 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-01):
 583 # Here's database-relevant material from the 2001 "Alaska History" article:
 584 #
 585 # On September 20 [1979]...DOT...officials decreed that on April 27,
 586 # 1980, Juneau and other nearby communities would move to Yukon Time.
 587 # Sitka, Petersburg, Wrangell, and Ketchikan, however, would remain on
 588 # Pacific Time.
 589 #
 590 # ...on September 22, 1980, DOT Secretary Neil E. Goldschmidt rescinded the
 591 # Department's September 1979 decision. Juneau and other communities in
 592 # northern Southeast reverted to Pacific Time on October 26.
 593 #
 594 # On October 28 [1983]...the Metlakatla Indian Community Council voted
 595 # unanimously to keep the reservation on Pacific Time.
 596 #
 597 # According to DOT official Joanne Petrie, Indian reservations are not
 598 # bound to follow time zones imposed by neighboring jurisdictions.
 599 #
 600 # (The last is consistent with how the database now handles the Navajo
 601 # Nation.)
 602 
 603 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-09):
 604 # I just spoke by phone with a staff member at the Metlakatla Indian
 605 # Community office (using contact information available at
 606 # http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_name=Metlakatla
 607 # It's shortly after 1:00 here on the east coast of the United States;
 608 # the staffer said it was shortly after 10:00 there. When I asked whether
 609 # that meant they were on Pacific time, they said no - they were on their
 610 # own time. I asked about daylight saving; they said it wasn't used. I
 611 # did not inquire about practices in the past.
 612 
 613 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-08-17):
 614 # For lack of better information, assume that Metlakatla's
 615 # abandonment of use of daylight saving resulted from the 1983 vote.
 616 
 617 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-11-09):
 618 # It seems Metlakatla did go off PST on Sunday, November 1, changing
 619 # their time to AKST and are going to follow Alaska's DST, switching
 620 # between AKST and AKDT from now on....
 621 # https://www.krbd.org/2015/10/30/annette-island-times-they-are-a-changing/
 622 
 623 # From Ryan Stanley (2018-11-06):
 624 # The Metlakatla community in Alaska has decided not to change its
 625 # clock back an hour starting on November 4th, 2018 (day before yesterday).
 626 # They will be gmtoff=-28800 year-round.
 627 # https://www.facebook.com/141055983004923/photos/pb.141055983004923.-2207520000.1541465673./569081370202380/
 628 
 629 # From Paul Eggert (2018-12-16):
 630 # In a 2018-12-11 special election, Metlakatla voted to go back to
 631 # Alaska time (including daylight saving time) starting next year.
 632 # https://www.krbd.org/2018/12/12/metlakatla-to-follow-alaska-standard-time-allow-liquor-sales/
 633 #
 634 # From Ryan Stanley (2019-01-11):
 635 # The community will be changing back on the 20th of this month...
 636 # From Tim Parenti (2019-01-11):
 637 # Per an announcement on the Metlakatla community's official Facebook page, the
 638 # "fall back" will be on Sunday 2019-01-20 at 02:00:
 639 # https://www.facebook.com/141055983004923/photos/607150969728753/
 640 # So they won't be waiting for Alaska to join them on 2019-03-10, but will
 641 # rather change their clocks twice in seven weeks.
 642 
 643 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 644 Zone America/Juneau      15:02:19 -     LMT     1867 Oct 19 15:33:32
 645                          -8:57:41 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 646                          -8:00  -       PST     1942
 647                          -8:00  US      P%sT    1946
 648                          -8:00  -       PST     1969
 649                          -8:00  US      P%sT    1980 Apr 27  2:00
 650                          -9:00  US      Y%sT    1980 Oct 26  2:00
 651                          -8:00  US      P%sT    1983 Oct 30  2:00
 652                          -9:00  US      Y%sT    1983 Nov 30
 653                          -9:00  US      AK%sT
 654 Zone America/Sitka       14:58:47 -     LMT     1867 Oct 19 15:30
 655                          -9:01:13 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 656                          -8:00  -       PST     1942
 657                          -8:00  US      P%sT    1946
 658                          -8:00  -       PST     1969
 659                          -8:00  US      P%sT    1983 Oct 30  2:00
 660                          -9:00  US      Y%sT    1983 Nov 30
 661                          -9:00  US      AK%sT
 662 Zone America/Metlakatla  15:13:42 -     LMT     1867 Oct 19 15:44:55
 663                          -8:46:18 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 664                          -8:00  -       PST     1942
 665                          -8:00  US      P%sT    1946
 666                          -8:00  -       PST     1969
 667                          -8:00  US      P%sT    1983 Oct 30  2:00
 668                          -8:00  -       PST     2015 Nov  1  2:00
 669                          -9:00  US      AK%sT   2018 Nov  4  2:00
 670                          -8:00  -       PST     2019 Jan 20  2:00
 671                          -9:00  US      AK%sT
 672 Zone America/Yakutat     14:41:05 -     LMT     1867 Oct 19 15:12:18
 673                          -9:18:55 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 674                          -9:00  -       YST     1942
 675                          -9:00  US      Y%sT    1946
 676                          -9:00  -       YST     1969
 677                          -9:00  US      Y%sT    1983 Nov 30
 678                          -9:00  US      AK%sT
 679 Zone America/Anchorage   14:00:24 -     LMT     1867 Oct 19 14:31:37
 680                          -9:59:36 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 681                         -10:00  -       AST     1942
 682                         -10:00  US      A%sT    1967 Apr
 683                         -10:00  -       AHST    1969
 684                         -10:00  US      AH%sT   1983 Oct 30  2:00
 685                          -9:00  US      Y%sT    1983 Nov 30
 686                          -9:00  US      AK%sT
 687 Zone America/Nome        12:58:22 -     LMT     1867 Oct 19 13:29:35
 688                         -11:01:38 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 689                         -11:00  -       NST     1942
 690                         -11:00  US      N%sT    1946
 691                         -11:00  -       NST     1967 Apr
 692                         -11:00  -       BST     1969
 693                         -11:00  US      B%sT    1983 Oct 30  2:00
 694                          -9:00  US      Y%sT    1983 Nov 30
 695                          -9:00  US      AK%sT
 696 Zone America/Adak        12:13:22 -     LMT     1867 Oct 19 12:44:35
 697                         -11:46:38 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 698                         -11:00  -       NST     1942
 699                         -11:00  US      N%sT    1946
 700                         -11:00  -       NST     1967 Apr
 701                         -11:00  -       BST     1969
 702                         -11:00  US      B%sT    1983 Oct 30  2:00
 703                         -10:00  US      AH%sT   1983 Nov 30
 704                         -10:00  US      H%sT
 705 # The following switches don't quite make our 1970 cutoff.
 706 #
 707 # Shanks writes that part of southwest Alaska (e.g. Aniak)
 708 # switched from -11:00 to -10:00 on 1968-09-22 at 02:00,
 709 # and another part (e.g. Akiak) made the same switch five weeks later.
 710 #
 711 # From David Flater (2004-11-09):
 712 # In e-mail, 2004-11-02, Ray Hudson, historian/liaison to the Unalaska
 713 # Historic Preservation Commission, provided this information, which
 714 # suggests that Unalaska deviated from statutory time from early 1967
 715 # possibly until 1983:
 716 #
 717 #  Minutes of the Unalaska City Council Meeting, January 10, 1967:
 718 #  "Except for St. Paul and Akutan, Unalaska is the only important
 719 #  location not on Alaska Standard Time.  The following resolution was
 720 #  made by William Robinson and seconded by Henry Swanson: Be it
 721 #  resolved that the City of Unalaska hereby goes to Alaska Standard
 722 #  Time as of midnight Friday, January 13, 1967 (1 A.M. Saturday,
 723 #  January 14, Alaska Standard Time.)  This resolution was passed with
 724 #  three votes for and one against."
 725 
 726 # Hawaii
 727 
 728 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-12-09):
 729 # "Hawaiian Time" by Robert C. Schmitt and Doak C. Cox appears on pages 207-225
 730 # of volume 26 of The Hawaiian Journal of History (1992). As of 2010-12-09,
 731 # the article is available at
 732 # https://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/239/2/JL26215.pdf
 733 # and indicates that standard time was adopted effective noon, January
 734 # 13, 1896 (page 218), that in "1933, the Legislature decreed daylight
 735 # saving for the period between the last Sunday of each April and the
 736 # last Sunday of each September, but less than a month later repealed the
 737 # act," (page 220), that year-round daylight saving time was in effect
 738 # from 1942-02-09 to 1945-09-30 (page 221, with no time of day given for
 739 # when clocks changed) and that clocks were changed by 30 minutes
 740 # effective the second Sunday of June, 1947 (page 219, with no time of
 741 # day given for when clocks changed). A footnote for the 1933 changes
 742 # cites Session Laws of Hawaii 1933, "Act. 90 (approved 26 Apr. 1933)
 743 # and Act 163 (approved 21 May 1933)."
 744 
 745 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-01-19):
 746 # The following is from "Laws of the Territory of Hawaii Passed by the
 747 # Seventeenth Legislature: Regular Session 1933," available (as of
 748 # 2011-01-19) at American University's Pence Law Library. Page 85: "Act
 749 # 90...At 2 o'clock ante meridian of the last Sunday in April of each
 750 # year, the standard time of this Territory shall be advanced one
 751 # hour...This Act shall take effect upon its approval. Approved this 26th
 752 # day of April, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M JUDD, Governor of the Territory of
 753 # Hawaii." Page 172: "Act 163...Act 90 of the Session Laws of 1933 is
 754 # hereby repealed...This Act shall take effect upon its approval, upon
 755 # which date the standard time of this Territory shall be restored to
 756 # that existing immediately prior to the taking effect of said Act 90.
 757 # Approved this 21st day of May, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M. JUDD, Governor
 758 # of the Territory of Hawaii."
 759 #
 760 # Note that 1933-05-21 was a Sunday.
 761 # We're left to guess the time of day when Act 163 was approved; guess noon.
 762 
 763 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 764 Zone Pacific/Honolulu   -10:31:26 -     LMT     1896 Jan 13 12:00
 765                         -10:30  -       HST     1933 Apr 30  2:00
 766                         -10:30  1:00    HDT     1933 May 21 12:00
 767                         -10:30  US      H%sT    1947 Jun  8  2:00
 768                         -10:00  -       HST
 769 
 770 # Now we turn to US areas that have diverged from the consensus since 1970.
 771 
 772 # Arizona mostly uses MST.
 773 
 774 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-20):
 775 #
 776 # The information in the rest of this paragraph is derived from the
 777 # Daylight Saving Time web page
 778 # <http://www.dlapr.lib.az.us/links/daylight.htm> (2002-01-23)
 779 # maintained by the Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records.
 780 # Between 1944-01-01 and 1944-04-01 the State of Arizona used standard
 781 # time, but by federal law railroads, airlines, bus lines, military
 782 # personnel, and some engaged in interstate commerce continued to
 783 # observe war (i.e., daylight saving) time.  The 1944-03-17 Phoenix
 784 # Gazette says that was the date the law changed, and that 04-01 was
 785 # the date the state's clocks would change.  In 1945 the State of
 786 # Arizona used standard time all year, again with exceptions only as
 787 # mandated by federal law.  Arizona observed DST in 1967, but Arizona
 788 # Laws 1968, ch. 183 (effective 1968-03-21) repealed DST.
 789 #
 790 # Shanks says the 1944 experiment came to an end on 1944-03-17.
 791 # Go with the Arizona State Library instead.
 792 
 793 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 794 Zone America/Phoenix    -7:28:18 -      LMT     1883 Nov 18 11:31:42
 795                         -7:00   US      M%sT    1944 Jan  1  0:01
 796                         -7:00   -       MST     1944 Apr  1  0:01
 797                         -7:00   US      M%sT    1944 Oct  1  0:01
 798                         -7:00   -       MST     1967
 799                         -7:00   US      M%sT    1968 Mar 21
 800                         -7:00   -       MST
 801 # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
 802 # A writer from the Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc.,
 803 # notes in private correspondence dated 1987-12-28 that "Presently, only the
 804 # Navajo Nation participates in the Daylight Saving Time policy, due to its
 805 # large size and location in three states."  (The "only" means that other
 806 # tribal nations don't use DST.)
 807 #
 808 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-26):
 809 # See America/Denver for a zone appropriate for the Navajo Nation.
 810 
 811 # Southern Idaho (Ada, Adams, Bannock, Bear Lake, Bingham, Blaine,
 812 # Boise, Bonneville, Butte, Camas, Canyon, Caribou, Cassia, Clark,
 813 # Custer, Elmore, Franklin, Fremont, Gem, Gooding, Jefferson, Jerome,
 814 # Lemhi, Lincoln, Madison, Minidoka, Oneida, Owyhee, Payette, Power,
 815 # Teton, Twin Falls, Valley, Washington counties, and the southern
 816 # quarter of Idaho county) and eastern Oregon (most of Malheur County)
 817 # switched four weeks late in 1974.
 818 #
 819 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 820 Zone America/Boise      -7:44:49 -      LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:15:11
 821                         -8:00   US      P%sT    1923 May 13  2:00
 822                         -7:00   US      M%sT    1974
 823                         -7:00   -       MST     1974 Feb  3  2:00
 824                         -7:00   US      M%sT
 825 
 826 # Indiana
 827 #
 828 # For a map of Indiana's time zone regions, see:
 829 # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_in_Indiana
 830 #
 831 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-30):
 832 # A brief but entertaining history of time in Indiana describes a 1949 debate
 833 # in the Indiana House where city legislators (who favored "fast time")
 834 # tussled with farm legislators (who didn't) over a bill to outlaw DST:
 835 #  "Lacking enough votes, the city faction tries to filibuster until time runs
 836 #   out on the session at midnight, but rural champion Rep. Herbert Copeland,
 837 #   R-Madison, leans over the gallery railing and forces the official clock
 838 #   back to 9 p.m., breaking it in the process.  The clock sticks on 9 as the
 839 #   debate rages on into the night.  The filibuster finally dies out and the
 840 #   bill passes, while outside the chamber, clocks read 3:30 a.m.  In the end,
 841 #   it doesn't matter which side won.  The law has no enforcement powers and
 842 #   is simply ignored by fast-time communities."
 843 # How Indiana went from 'God's time' to split zones and daylight-saving.
 844 # Indianapolis Star. 2018-11-27 14:58 -05.
 845 # https://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2018/11/27/indianapolis-indiana-time-zone-history-central-eastern-daylight-savings-time/2126300002/
 846 #
 847 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
 848 # Since 1970, most of Indiana has been like America/Indiana/Indianapolis,
 849 # with the following exceptions:
 850 #
 851 # - Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
 852 #   Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties have been like America/Chicago.
 853 #
 854 # - Dearborn and Ohio counties have been like America/New_York.
 855 #
 856 # - Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties have been like
 857 #   America/Kentucky/Louisville.
 858 #
 859 # - Crawford, Daviess, Dubois, Knox, Martin, Perry, Pike, Pulaski, Starke,
 860 #   and Switzerland counties have their own time zone histories as noted below.
 861 #
 862 # Shanks partitioned Indiana into 345 regions, each with its own time history,
 863 # and wrote "Even newspaper reports present contradictory information."
 864 # Those Hoosiers!  Such a flighty and changeable people!
 865 # Fortunately, most of the complexity occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
 866 #
 867 # Other than Indianapolis, the Indiana place names are so nondescript
 868 # that they would be ambiguous if we left them at the 'America' level.
 869 # So we reluctantly put them all in a subdirectory 'America/Indiana'.
 870 
 871 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-26):
 872 # https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2006/01/20/06-563/standard-time-zone-boundary-in-the-state-of-indiana
 873 # says "DOT is relocating the time zone boundary in Indiana to move Starke,
 874 # Pulaski, Knox, Daviess, Martin, Pike, Dubois, and Perry Counties from the
 875 # Eastern Time Zone to the Central Time Zone.... The effective date of
 876 # this rule is 2 a.m. EST Sunday, April 2, 2006, which is the
 877 # changeover date from standard time to Daylight Saving Time."
 878 # Strictly speaking, this meant the affected counties changed their
 879 # clocks twice that night, but this obviously was in error.  The intent
 880 # was that 01:59:59 EST be followed by 02:00:00 CDT.
 881 
 882 # From Gwillim Law (2007-02-10):
 883 # The Associated Press has been reporting that Pulaski County, Indiana is
 884 # going to switch from Central to Eastern Time on March 11, 2007....
 885 # http://www.indystar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070207/LOCAL190108/702070524/0/LOCAL
 886 
 887 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 888 Rule Indianapolis 1941  only    -       Jun     22      2:00    1:00    D
 889 Rule Indianapolis 1941  1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 890 Rule Indianapolis 1946  1954    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 891 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 892 Zone America/Indiana/Indianapolis -5:44:38 - LMT        1883 Nov 18 12:15:22
 893                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1920
 894                         -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1942
 895                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
 896                         -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1955 Apr 24  2:00
 897                         -5:00   -       EST     1957 Sep 29  2:00
 898                         -6:00   -       CST     1958 Apr 27  2:00
 899                         -5:00   -       EST     1969
 900                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1971
 901                         -5:00   -       EST     2006
 902                         -5:00   US      E%sT
 903 #
 904 # Eastern Crawford County, Indiana, left its clocks alone in 1974,
 905 # as well as from 1976 through 2005.
 906 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 907 Rule    Marengo 1951    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 908 Rule    Marengo 1951    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 909 Rule    Marengo 1954    1960    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 910 Rule    Marengo 1954    1960    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 911 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 912 Zone America/Indiana/Marengo -5:45:23 - LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:14:37
 913                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1951
 914                         -6:00   Marengo C%sT    1961 Apr 30  2:00
 915                         -5:00   -       EST     1969
 916                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1974 Jan  6  2:00
 917                         -6:00   1:00    CDT     1974 Oct 27  2:00
 918                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1976
 919                         -5:00   -       EST     2006
 920                         -5:00   US      E%sT
 921 #
 922 # Daviess, Dubois, Knox, and Martin Counties, Indiana,
 923 # switched from eastern to central time in April 2006, then switched back
 924 # in November 2007.
 925 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 926 Rule Vincennes  1946    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 927 Rule Vincennes  1946    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 928 Rule Vincennes  1953    1954    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 929 Rule Vincennes  1953    1959    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 930 Rule Vincennes  1955    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    D
 931 Rule Vincennes  1956    1963    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 932 Rule Vincennes  1960    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 933 Rule Vincennes  1961    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 934 Rule Vincennes  1962    1963    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 935 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 936 Zone America/Indiana/Vincennes -5:50:07 - LMT   1883 Nov 18 12:09:53
 937                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
 938                         -6:00 Vincennes C%sT    1964 Apr 26  2:00
 939                         -5:00   -       EST     1969
 940                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1971
 941                         -5:00   -       EST     2006 Apr  2  2:00
 942                         -6:00   US      C%sT    2007 Nov  4  2:00
 943                         -5:00   US      E%sT
 944 #
 945 # Perry County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in April 2006.
 946 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 947 Rule Perry      1946    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 948 Rule Perry      1946    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 949 Rule Perry      1953    1954    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 950 Rule Perry      1953    1959    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 951 Rule Perry      1955    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    D
 952 Rule Perry      1956    1963    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 953 Rule Perry      1960    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 954 Rule Perry      1961    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 955 Rule Perry      1962    1963    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 956 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 957 Zone America/Indiana/Tell_City -5:47:03 - LMT   1883 Nov 18 12:12:57
 958                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
 959                         -6:00 Perry     C%sT    1964 Apr 26  2:00
 960                         -5:00   -       EST     1969
 961                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1971
 962                         -5:00   -       EST     2006 Apr  2  2:00
 963                         -6:00   US      C%sT
 964 #
 965 # Pike County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1977,
 966 # then switched back in 2006, then switched back again in 2007.
 967 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 968 Rule    Pike    1955    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    D
 969 Rule    Pike    1955    1960    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 970 Rule    Pike    1956    1964    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 971 Rule    Pike    1961    1964    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 972 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 973 Zone America/Indiana/Petersburg -5:49:07 - LMT  1883 Nov 18 12:10:53
 974                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1955
 975                         -6:00   Pike    C%sT    1965 Apr 25  2:00
 976                         -5:00   -       EST     1966 Oct 30  2:00
 977                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1977 Oct 30  2:00
 978                         -5:00   -       EST     2006 Apr  2  2:00
 979                         -6:00   US      C%sT    2007 Nov  4  2:00
 980                         -5:00   US      E%sT
 981 #
 982 # Starke County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1991,
 983 # then switched back in 2006.
 984 # From Arthur David Olson (1991-10-28):
 985 # An article on page A3 of the Sunday, 1991-10-27 Washington Post
 986 # notes that Starke County switched from Central time to Eastern time as of
 987 # 1991-10-27.
 988 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 989 Rule    Starke  1947    1961    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 990 Rule    Starke  1947    1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 991 Rule    Starke  1955    1956    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 992 Rule    Starke  1957    1958    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 993 Rule    Starke  1959    1961    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 994 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 995 Zone America/Indiana/Knox -5:46:30 -    LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:13:30
 996                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1947
 997                         -6:00   Starke  C%sT    1962 Apr 29  2:00
 998                         -5:00   -       EST     1963 Oct 27  2:00
 999                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1991 Oct 27  2:00
1000                         -5:00   -       EST     2006 Apr  2  2:00
1001                         -6:00   US      C%sT
1002 #
1003 # Pulaski County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in
1004 # April 2006 and then switched back in March 2007.
1005 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
1006 Rule    Pulaski 1946    1960    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1007 Rule    Pulaski 1946    1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1008 Rule    Pulaski 1955    1956    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1009 Rule    Pulaski 1957    1960    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1010 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1011 Zone America/Indiana/Winamac -5:46:25 - LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:13:35
1012                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
1013                         -6:00   Pulaski C%sT    1961 Apr 30  2:00
1014                         -5:00   -       EST     1969
1015                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1971
1016                         -5:00   -       EST     2006 Apr  2  2:00
1017                         -6:00   US      C%sT    2007 Mar 11  2:00
1018                         -5:00   US      E%sT
1019 #
1020 # Switzerland County, Indiana, did not observe DST from 1973 through 2005.
1021 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1022 Zone America/Indiana/Vevay -5:40:16 -   LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:19:44
1023                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1954 Apr 25  2:00
1024                         -5:00   -       EST     1969
1025                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1973
1026                         -5:00   -       EST     2006
1027                         -5:00   US      E%sT
1028 
1029 # From Paul Eggert (2018-03-20):
1030 # The Louisville & Nashville Railroad's 1883-11-18 change occurred at
1031 # 10:00 old local time; train were supposed to come to a standstill
1032 # for precisely 18 minutes.  See Bartky Fig. 1 (page 50).  It is not
1033 # clear how this matched civil time in Louisville, so for now continue
1034 # to assume Louisville switched at noon new local time, like New York.
1035 #
1036 # Part of Kentucky left its clocks alone in 1974.
1037 # This also includes Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties in Indiana.
1038 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
1039 Rule Louisville 1921    only    -       May     1       2:00    1:00    D
1040 Rule Louisville 1921    only    -       Sep     1       2:00    0       S
1041 Rule Louisville 1941    1961    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1042 Rule Louisville 1941    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1043 Rule Louisville 1946    only    -       Jun     2       2:00    0       S
1044 Rule Louisville 1950    1955    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1045 Rule Louisville 1956    1960    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1046 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1047 Zone America/Kentucky/Louisville -5:43:02 -     LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:16:58
1048                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1921
1049                         -6:00 Louisville C%sT   1942
1050                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
1051                         -6:00 Louisville C%sT   1961 Jul 23  2:00
1052                         -5:00   -       EST     1968
1053                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1974 Jan  6  2:00
1054                         -6:00   1:00    CDT     1974 Oct 27  2:00
1055                         -5:00   US      E%sT
1056 #
1057 # Wayne County, Kentucky
1058 #
1059 # From Lake Cumberland LIFE
1060 # http://www.lake-cumberland.com/life/archive/news990129time.shtml
1061 # (1999-01-29) via WKYM-101.7:
1062 # Clinton County has joined Wayne County in asking the DoT to change from
1063 # the Central to the Eastern time zone....  The Wayne County government made
1064 # the same request in December.  And while Russell County officials have not
1065 # taken action, the majority of respondents to a poll conducted there in
1066 # August indicated they would like to change to "fast time" also.
1067 # The three Lake Cumberland counties are the farthest east of any U.S.
1068 # location in the Central time zone.
1069 #
1070 # From Rich Wales (2000-08-29):
1071 # After prolonged debate, and despite continuing deep differences of opinion,
1072 # Wayne County (central Kentucky) is switching from Central (-0600) to Eastern
1073 # (-0500) time.  They won't "fall back" this year.  See Sara Shipley,
1074 # The difference an hour makes, Nando Times (2000-08-29 15:33 -0400).
1075 #
1076 # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-16):
1077 # The final rule was published in the
1078 # Federal Register 65, 160 (2000-08-17), pp 50154-50158.
1079 # https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2000-08-17/html/00-20854.htm
1080 #
1081 Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:24 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:20:36
1082                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
1083                         -6:00   -       CST     1968
1084                         -6:00   US      C%sT    2000 Oct 29  2:00
1085                         -5:00   US      E%sT
1086 
1087 
1088 # From Rives McDow (2000-08-30):
1089 # Here ... are all the changes in the US since 1985.
1090 # Kearny County, KS (put all of county on central;
1091 #       previously split between MST and CST) ... 1990-10
1092 # Starke County, IN (from CST to EST) ... 1991-10
1093 # Oliver County, ND (from MST to CST) ... 1992-10
1094 # West Wendover, NV (from PST TO MST) ... 1999-10
1095 # Wayne County, KY (from CST to EST) ... 2000-10
1096 #
1097 # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-17):
1098 # We don't know where the line used to be within Kearny County, KS,
1099 # so omit that change for now.
1100 # See America/Indiana/Knox for the Starke County, IN change.
1101 # See America/North_Dakota/Center for the Oliver County, ND change.
1102 # West Wendover, NV officially switched from Pacific to mountain time on
1103 # 1999-10-31.  See the
1104 # Federal Register 64, 203 (1999-10-21), pp 56705-56707.
1105 # https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-1999-10-21/html/99-27240.htm
1106 # However, the Federal Register says that West Wendover already operated
1107 # on mountain time, and the rule merely made this official;
1108 # hence a separate tz entry is not needed.
1109 
1110 # Michigan
1111 #
1112 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
1113 # Michigan didn't observe DST from 1968 to 1973.
1114 #
1115 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
1116 # Shanks writes that Michigan started using standard time on 1885-09-18,
1117 # but Howse writes (pp 124-125, referring to Popular Astronomy, 1901-01)
1118 # that Detroit kept
1119 #
1120 #       local time until 1900 when the City Council decreed that clocks should
1121 #       be put back twenty-eight minutes to Central Standard Time.  Half the
1122 #       city obeyed, half refused.  After considerable debate, the decision
1123 #       was rescinded and the city reverted to Sun time.  A derisive offer to
1124 #       erect a sundial in front of the city hall was referred to the
1125 #       Committee on Sewers.  Then, in 1905, Central time was adopted
1126 #       by city vote.
1127 #
1128 # This story is too entertaining to be false, so go with Howse over Shanks.
1129 #
1130 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
1131 # Garland (1927) writes "Cleveland and Detroit advanced their clocks
1132 # one hour in 1914."  This change is not in Shanks.  We have no more
1133 # info, so omit this for now.
1134 #
1135 # From Paul Eggert (2017-07-26):
1136 # Although Shanks says Detroit observed DST in 1967 from 06-14 00:01
1137 # until 10-29 00:01, I now see multiple reports that this is incorrect.
1138 # For example, according to a 50-year anniversary report about the 1967
1139 # Detroit riots and a major-league doubleheader on 1967-07-23, "By the time
1140 # the last fly ball of the doubleheader settled into the glove of leftfielder
1141 # Lenny Green, it was after 7 p.m.  Detroit did not observe daylight saving
1142 # time, so light was already starting to fail.  Twilight was made even deeper
1143 # by billowing columns of smoke that ascended in an unbroken wall north of the
1144 # ballpark."  See: Dow B. Detroit '67: As violence unfolded, Tigers played two
1145 # at home vs. Yankees. Detroit Free Press 2017-07-23.
1146 # https://www.freep.com/story/sports/mlb/tigers/2017/07/23/detroit-tigers-1967-riot-new-york-yankees/499951001/
1147 #
1148 # Most of Michigan observed DST from 1973 on, but was a bit late in 1975.
1149 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
1150 Rule    Detroit 1948    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1151 Rule    Detroit 1948    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1152 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1153 Zone America/Detroit    -5:32:11 -      LMT     1905
1154                         -6:00   -       CST     1915 May 15  2:00
1155                         -5:00   -       EST     1942
1156                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1946
1157                         -5:00   Detroit E%sT    1973
1158                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1975
1159                         -5:00   -       EST     1975 Apr 27  2:00
1160                         -5:00   US      E%sT
1161 #
1162 # Dickinson, Gogebic, Iron, and Menominee Counties, Michigan,
1163 # switched from EST to CST/CDT in 1973.
1164 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
1165 Rule Menominee  1946    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1166 Rule Menominee  1946    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1167 Rule Menominee  1966    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1168 Rule Menominee  1966    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1169 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1170 Zone America/Menominee  -5:50:27 -      LMT     1885 Sep 18 12:00
1171                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
1172                         -6:00 Menominee C%sT    1969 Apr 27  2:00
1173                         -5:00   -       EST     1973 Apr 29  2:00
1174                         -6:00   US      C%sT
1175 
1176 # Navassa
1177 # administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service
1178 # claimed by US under the provisions of the 1856 Guano Islands Act
1179 # also claimed by Haiti
1180 # occupied 1857/1900 by the Navassa Phosphate Co
1181 # US lighthouse 1917/1996-09
1182 # currently uninhabited
1183 # see Mark Fineman, "An Isle Rich in Guano and Discord",
1184 # _Los Angeles Times_ (1998-11-10), A1, A10; it cites
1185 # Jimmy Skaggs, _The Great Guano Rush_ (1994).
1186 
1187 ################################################################################
1188 
1189 
1190 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10):
1191 #
1192 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
1193 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
1194 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
1195 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
1196 #
1197 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
1198 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport
1199 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
1200 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
1201 # of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
1202 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
1203 #
1204 # Other sources occasionally used include:
1205 #
1206 #       Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
1207 #       Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
1208 #       which I found in the UCLA library.
1209 #
1210 #       William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
1211 #       <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf>
1212 #       [PDF] (1914-03)
1213 #
1214 #       Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
1215 #       <https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
1216 #
1217 # See the 'europe' file for Greenland.
1218 
1219 # Canada
1220 
1221 # From Alain LaBonté (1994-11-14):
1222 # I post here the time zone abbreviations standardized in Canada
1223 # for both English and French in the CAN/CSA-Z234.4-89 standard....
1224 #
1225 #       UTC     Standard time   Daylight saving time
1226 #       offset  French  English French  English
1227 #       -2:30   -       -       HAT     NDT
1228 #       -3      -       -       HAA     ADT
1229 #       -3:30   HNT     NST     -       -
1230 #       -4      HNA     AST     HAE     EDT
1231 #       -5      HNE     EST     HAC     CDT
1232 #       -6      HNC     CST     HAR     MDT
1233 #       -7      HNR     MST     HAP     PDT
1234 #       -8      HNP     PST     HAY     YDT
1235 #       -9      HNY     YST     -       -
1236 #
1237 #       HN: Heure Normale       ST: Standard Time
1238 #       HA: Heure Avancée        DT: Daylight saving Time
1239 #
1240 #       A: de l'Atlantique      Atlantic
1241 #       C: du Centre            Central
1242 #       E: de l'Est             Eastern
1243 #       M:                      Mountain
1244 #       N:                      Newfoundland
1245 #       P: du Pacifique         Pacific
1246 #       R: des Rocheuses
1247 #       T: de Terre-Neuve
1248 #       Y: du Yukon             Yukon
1249 #
1250 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-22):
1251 # Alas, this sort of thing must be handled by localization software.
1252 
1253 # Unless otherwise specified, the data entries for Canada are all from Shanks
1254 # & Pottenger.
1255 
1256 # From Chris Walton (2006-04-01, 2006-04-25, 2006-06-26, 2007-01-31,
1257 # 2007-03-01):
1258 # The British Columbia government announced yesterday that it will
1259 # adjust daylight savings next year to align with changes in the
1260 # U.S. and the rest of Canada....
1261 # https://archive.news.gov.bc.ca/releases/news_releases_2005-2009/2006AG0014-000330.htm
1262 # ...
1263 # Nova Scotia
1264 # Daylight saving time will be extended by four weeks starting in 2007....
1265 # https://www.novascotia.ca/just/regulations/rg2/2006/ma1206.pdf
1266 #
1267 # [For New Brunswick] the new legislation dictates that the time change is to
1268 # be done at 02:00 instead of 00:01.
1269 # https://www.gnb.ca/0062/acts/BBA-2006/Chap-19.pdf
1270 # ...
1271 # Manitoba has traditionally changed the clock every fall at 03:00.
1272 # As of 2006, the transition is to take place one hour earlier at 02:00.
1273 # https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/o030e.php
1274 # ...
1275 # [Alberta, Ontario, Quebec] will follow US rules.
1276 # http://www.qp.gov.ab.ca/documents/spring/CH03_06.CFM
1277 # http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/DBLaws/Source/Regs/English/2006/R06111_e.htm
1278 # http://www2.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/dynamicSearch/telecharge.php?type=5&file=2006C39A.PDF
1279 # ...
1280 # P.E.I. will follow US rules....
1281 # http://www.assembly.pe.ca/bills/pdf_chapter/62/3/chapter-41.pdf
1282 # ...
1283 # Province of Newfoundland and Labrador....
1284 # http://www.hoa.gov.nl.ca/hoa/bills/Bill0634.htm
1285 # ...
1286 # Yukon
1287 # https://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic2006_127.pdf
1288 # ...
1289 # N.W.T. will follow US rules.  Whoever maintains the government web site
1290 # does not seem to believe in bookmarks.  To see the news release, click the
1291 # following link and search for "Daylight Savings Time Change".  Press the
1292 # "Daylight Savings Time Change" link; it will fire off a popup using
1293 # JavaScript.
1294 # http://www.exec.gov.nt.ca/currentnews/currentPR.asp?mode=archive
1295 # ...
1296 # Nunavut
1297 # An amendment to the Interpretation Act was registered on February 19/2007....
1298 # http://action.attavik.ca/home/justice-gn/attach/2007/gaz02part2.pdf
1299 
1300 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-18):
1301 # H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map
1302 # "It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998)
1303 # http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/alacarte.asp
1304 # contains detailed boundaries for regions observing nonstandard
1305 # time and daylight saving time arrangements in Canada circa 1998.
1306 #
1307 # National Research Council Canada maintains info about time zones and DST.
1308 # https://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/time/time_zones.html
1309 # https://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/time/faq/index.html#Q5
1310 # Its unofficial information is often taken from Matthews and Vincent.
1311 
1312 # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-27):
1313 # For now, assume all of DST-observing Canada will fall into line with the
1314 # new US DST rules,
1315 
1316 # From Chris Walton (2011-12-01)
1317 # In the first of Tammy Hardwick's articles
1318 # http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
1319 # she quotes the Friday November 1/1918 edition of the Creston Review.
1320 # The quote includes these two statements:
1321 # 'Sunday the CPR went back to the old system of time...'
1322 # '... The daylight saving scheme was dropped all over Canada at the same time,'
1323 # These statements refer to a transition from daylight time to standard time
1324 # that occurred nationally on Sunday October 27/1918.  This transition was
1325 # also documented in the Saturday October 26/1918 edition of the Toronto Star.
1326 
1327 # In light of that evidence, we alter the date from the earlier believed
1328 # Oct 31, to Oct 27, 1918 (and Sunday is a more likely transition day
1329 # than Thursday) in all Canadian rulesets.
1330 
1331 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1332 Rule    Canada  1918    only    -       Apr     14      2:00    1:00    D
1333 Rule    Canada  1918    only    -       Oct     27      2:00    0       S
1334 Rule    Canada  1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
1335 Rule    Canada  1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
1336 Rule    Canada  1945    only    -       Sep     30      2:00    0       S
1337 Rule    Canada  1974    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1338 Rule    Canada  1974    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1339 Rule    Canada  1987    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1       2:00    1:00    D
1340 Rule    Canada  2007    max     -       Mar     Sun>=8       2:00    1:00    D
1341 Rule    Canada  2007    max     -       Nov     Sun>=1       2:00    0       S
1342 
1343 
1344 # Newfoundland and Labrador
1345 
1346 # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-14):
1347 # Legally Labrador should observe Newfoundland time; see:
1348 # McLeod J. Labrador time - legal or not? St. John's Telegram, 2017-10-07
1349 # http://www.thetelegram.com/news/local/labrador-time--legal-or-not-154860/
1350 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that the only part of Labrador
1351 # that follows the rules is the southeast corner, including Port Hope
1352 # Simpson and Mary's Harbour, but excluding, say, Black Tickle.
1353 
1354 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1355 Rule    StJohns 1917    only    -       Apr      8      2:00    1:00    D
1356 Rule    StJohns 1917    only    -       Sep     17      2:00    0       S
1357 # Whitman gives 1919 Apr 5 and 1920 Apr 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1358 Rule    StJohns 1919    only    -       May      5      23:00   1:00    D
1359 Rule    StJohns 1919    only    -       Aug     12      23:00   0       S
1360 # For 1931-1935 Whitman gives Apr same date; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1361 Rule    StJohns 1920    1935    -       May     Sun>=1       23:00   1:00    D
1362 Rule    StJohns 1920    1935    -       Oct     lastSun 23:00   0       S
1363 # For 1936-1941 Whitman gives May Sun>=8 and Oct Sun>=1; go with Shanks &
1364 # Pottenger.
1365 Rule    StJohns 1936    1941    -       May     Mon>=9       0:00    1:00    D
1366 Rule    StJohns 1936    1941    -       Oct     Mon>=2       0:00    0       S
1367 # Whitman gives the following transitions:
1368 # 1942 03-01/12-31, 1943 05-30/09-05, 1944 07-10/09-02, 1945 01-01/10-07
1369 # but go with Shanks & Pottenger and assume they used Canadian rules.
1370 # For 1946-9 Whitman gives May 5,4,9,1 - Oct 1,5,3,2, and for 1950 he gives
1371 # Apr 30 - Sep 24; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1372 Rule    StJohns 1946    1950    -       May     Sun>=8       2:00    1:00    D
1373 Rule    StJohns 1946    1950    -       Oct     Sun>=2       2:00    0       S
1374 Rule    StJohns 1951    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1375 Rule    StJohns 1951    1959    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1376 Rule    StJohns 1960    1986    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1377 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1378 # INMS (2000-09-12) says that, since 1988 at least, Newfoundland switches
1379 # at 00:01 local time.  For now, assume it started in 1987.
1380 
1381 # From Michael Pelley (2011-09-12):
1382 # We received today, Monday, September 12, 2011, notification that the
1383 # changes to the Newfoundland Standard Time Act have been proclaimed.
1384 # The change in the Act stipulates that the change from Daylight Savings
1385 # Time to Standard Time and from Standard Time to Daylight Savings Time
1386 # now occurs at 2:00AM.
1387 # ...
1388 # http://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/annualstatutes/2011/1106.chp.htm
1389 # ...
1390 # MICHAEL PELLEY  |  Manager of Enterprise Architecture - Solution Delivery
1391 # Office of the Chief Information Officer
1392 # Executive Council
1393 # Government of Newfoundland & Labrador
1394 
1395 Rule    StJohns 1987    only    -       Apr     Sun>=1       0:01    1:00    D
1396 Rule    StJohns 1987    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 0:01    0       S
1397 Rule    StJohns 1988    only    -       Apr     Sun>=1       0:01    2:00    DD
1398 Rule    StJohns 1989    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1       0:01    1:00    D
1399 Rule    StJohns 2007    2011    -       Mar     Sun>=8       0:01    1:00    D
1400 Rule    StJohns 2007    2010    -       Nov     Sun>=1       0:01    0       S
1401 #
1402 # St John's has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
1403 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1404 Zone America/St_Johns   -3:30:52 -      LMT     1884
1405                         -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT   1918
1406                         -3:30:52 Canada N%sT    1919
1407                         -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT   1935 Mar 30
1408                         -3:30   StJohns N%sT    1942 May 11
1409                         -3:30   Canada  N%sT    1946
1410                         -3:30   StJohns N%sT    2011 Nov
1411                         -3:30   Canada  N%sT
1412 
1413 # most of east Labrador
1414 
1415 # The name 'Happy Valley-Goose Bay' is too long; use 'Goose Bay'.
1416 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1417 Zone America/Goose_Bay  -4:01:40 -      LMT     1884 # Happy Valley-Goose Bay
1418                         -3:30:52 -      NST     1918
1419                         -3:30:52 Canada N%sT    1919
1420                         -3:30:52 -      NST     1935 Mar 30
1421                         -3:30   -       NST     1936
1422                         -3:30   StJohns N%sT    1942 May 11
1423                         -3:30   Canada  N%sT    1946
1424                         -3:30   StJohns N%sT    1966 Mar 15  2:00
1425                         -4:00   StJohns A%sT    2011 Nov
1426                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT
1427 
1428 
1429 # west Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward I
1430 
1431 # From Brian Inglis (2015-07-20):
1432 # From the historical weather station records available at:
1433 # https://weatherspark.com/history/28351/1971/Sydney-Nova-Scotia-Canada
1434 # Sydney shares the same time history as Glace Bay, so was
1435 # likely to be the same across the island....
1436 # Sydney, as the capital and most populous location, or Cape Breton, would
1437 # have been better names for the zone had we known this in 1996.
1438 
1439 # From Paul Eggert (2015-07-20):
1440 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has been like
1441 # Halifax.  Many locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1972;
1442 # the Cape Breton area, represented by Glace Bay, is the largest we know of
1443 # (Glace Bay was perhaps not the best name choice but no point changing now).
1444 # Shanks & Pottenger also write that Liverpool, NS was the only town
1445 # in Canada to observe DST in 1971 but not 1970; for now we'll assume
1446 # this is a typo.
1447 
1448 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1449 Rule    Halifax 1916    only    -       Apr      1      0:00    1:00    D
1450 Rule    Halifax 1916    only    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       S
1451 Rule    Halifax 1920    only    -       May      9      0:00    1:00    D
1452 Rule    Halifax 1920    only    -       Aug     29      0:00    0       S
1453 Rule    Halifax 1921    only    -       May      6      0:00    1:00    D
1454 Rule    Halifax 1921    1922    -       Sep      5      0:00    0       S
1455 Rule    Halifax 1922    only    -       Apr     30      0:00    1:00    D
1456 Rule    Halifax 1923    1925    -       May     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
1457 Rule    Halifax 1923    only    -       Sep      4      0:00    0       S
1458 Rule    Halifax 1924    only    -       Sep     15      0:00    0       S
1459 Rule    Halifax 1925    only    -       Sep     28      0:00    0       S
1460 Rule    Halifax 1926    only    -       May     16      0:00    1:00    D
1461 Rule    Halifax 1926    only    -       Sep     13      0:00    0       S
1462 Rule    Halifax 1927    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    D
1463 Rule    Halifax 1927    only    -       Sep     26      0:00    0       S
1464 Rule    Halifax 1928    1931    -       May     Sun>=8       0:00    1:00    D
1465 Rule    Halifax 1928    only    -       Sep      9      0:00    0       S
1466 Rule    Halifax 1929    only    -       Sep      3      0:00    0       S
1467 Rule    Halifax 1930    only    -       Sep     15      0:00    0       S
1468 Rule    Halifax 1931    1932    -       Sep     Mon>=24      0:00    0       S
1469 Rule    Halifax 1932    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    D
1470 Rule    Halifax 1933    only    -       Apr     30      0:00    1:00    D
1471 Rule    Halifax 1933    only    -       Oct      2      0:00    0       S
1472 Rule    Halifax 1934    only    -       May     20      0:00    1:00    D
1473 Rule    Halifax 1934    only    -       Sep     16      0:00    0       S
1474 Rule    Halifax 1935    only    -       Jun      2      0:00    1:00    D
1475 Rule    Halifax 1935    only    -       Sep     30      0:00    0       S
1476 Rule    Halifax 1936    only    -       Jun      1      0:00    1:00    D
1477 Rule    Halifax 1936    only    -       Sep     14      0:00    0       S
1478 Rule    Halifax 1937    1938    -       May     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
1479 Rule    Halifax 1937    1941    -       Sep     Mon>=24      0:00    0       S
1480 Rule    Halifax 1939    only    -       May     28      0:00    1:00    D
1481 Rule    Halifax 1940    1941    -       May     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
1482 Rule    Halifax 1946    1949    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1483 Rule    Halifax 1946    1949    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1484 Rule    Halifax 1951    1954    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1485 Rule    Halifax 1951    1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1486 Rule    Halifax 1956    1959    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1487 Rule    Halifax 1956    1959    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1488 Rule    Halifax 1962    1973    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1489 Rule    Halifax 1962    1973    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1490 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1491 Zone America/Halifax    -4:14:24 -      LMT     1902 Jun 15
1492                         -4:00   Halifax A%sT    1918
1493                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1919
1494                         -4:00   Halifax A%sT    1942 Feb  9  2:00s
1495                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1946
1496                         -4:00   Halifax A%sT    1974
1497                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT
1498 Zone America/Glace_Bay  -3:59:48 -      LMT     1902 Jun 15
1499                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1953
1500                         -4:00   Halifax A%sT    1954
1501                         -4:00   -       AST     1972
1502                         -4:00   Halifax A%sT    1974
1503                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT
1504 
1505 # New Brunswick
1506 
1507 # From Paul Eggert (2007-01-31):
1508 # The Time Definition Act <http://www.gnb.ca/0062/PDF-acts/t-06.pdf>
1509 # says they changed at 00:01 through 2006, and
1510 # <http://www.canlii.org/nb/laws/sta/t-6/20030127/whole.html> makes it
1511 # clear that this was the case since at least 1993.
1512 # For now, assume it started in 1993.
1513 
1514 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1515 Rule    Moncton 1933    1935    -       Jun     Sun>=8       1:00    1:00    D
1516 Rule    Moncton 1933    1935    -       Sep     Sun>=8       1:00    0       S
1517 Rule    Moncton 1936    1938    -       Jun     Sun>=1       1:00    1:00    D
1518 Rule    Moncton 1936    1938    -       Sep     Sun>=1       1:00    0       S
1519 Rule    Moncton 1939    only    -       May     27      1:00    1:00    D
1520 Rule    Moncton 1939    1941    -       Sep     Sat>=21      1:00    0       S
1521 Rule    Moncton 1940    only    -       May     19      1:00    1:00    D
1522 Rule    Moncton 1941    only    -       May      4      1:00    1:00    D
1523 Rule    Moncton 1946    1972    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1524 Rule    Moncton 1946    1956    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1525 Rule    Moncton 1957    1972    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1526 Rule    Moncton 1993    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1       0:01    1:00    D
1527 Rule    Moncton 1993    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 0:01    0       S
1528 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1529 Zone America/Moncton    -4:19:08 -      LMT     1883 Dec  9
1530                         -5:00   -       EST     1902 Jun 15
1531                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1933
1532                         -4:00   Moncton A%sT    1942
1533                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1946
1534                         -4:00   Moncton A%sT    1973
1535                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1993
1536                         -4:00   Moncton A%sT    2007
1537                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT
1538 
1539 # Quebec
1540 
1541 # From Paul Eggert (2015-03-24):
1542 # See America/Toronto for most of Quebec, including Montreal.
1543 #
1544 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) also write that Quebec east of the -63
1545 # meridian is supposed to observe AST, but residents as far east as
1546 # Natashquan use EST/EDT, and residents east of Natashquan use AST.
1547 # The Quebec department of justice writes in
1548 # "The situation in Minganie and Basse-Côte-Nord"
1549 # http://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/english/publications/generale/temps-minganie-a.htm
1550 # that the coastal strip from just east of Natashquan to Blanc-Sablon
1551 # observes Atlantic standard time all year round.
1552 # https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_8845en
1553 # says this common practice was codified into law as of 2007.
1554 # For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to
1555 # Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT.
1556 
1557 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1558 Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 -    LMT     1884
1559                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1970
1560                         -4:00   -       AST
1561 
1562 # Ontario
1563 
1564 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1565 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
1566 # Toronto.
1567 # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
1568 # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
1569 # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
1570 # Far west Ontario is like Winnipeg; far east Quebec is like Halifax.
1571 
1572 # From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
1573 # [According to the Toronto Star] Orillia, Ontario, adopted DST
1574 # effective Saturday, 1912-06-22, 22:00; the article mentions that
1575 # Port Arthur (now part of Thunder Bay, Ontario) as well as Moose Jaw
1576 # have already done so.  In Orillia DST was to run until Saturday,
1577 # 1912-08-31 (no time mentioned), but it was met with considerable
1578 # hostility from certain segments of the public, and was revoked after
1579 # only two weeks - I copied it as Saturday, 1912-07-07, 22:00, but
1580 # presumably that should be -07-06.  (1912-06-19, -07-12; also letters
1581 # earlier in June).
1582 #
1583 # Kenora, Ontario, was to abandon DST on 1914-06-01 (-05-21).
1584 #
1585 # From Paul Eggert (2017-07-08):
1586 # For more on Orillia, see: Daubs K. Bold attempt at daylight saving
1587 # time became a comic failure in Orillia. Toronto Star 2017-07-08.
1588 # https://www.thestar.com/news/insight/2017/07/08/bold-attempt-at-daylight-saving-time-became-a-comic-failure-in-orillia.html
1589 
1590 # From Paul Eggert (1997-10-17):
1591 # Mark Brader writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star
1592 # says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST,
1593 # but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT.
1594 # He also writes that the Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9)
1595 # http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html
1596 # says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT.
1597 # Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report
1598 # concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice.
1599 #
1600 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1601 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Atikokan, Pickle Lake, and
1602 # New Osnaburgh observe CST all year, that Big Trout Lake observes
1603 # CST/CDT, and that Upsala and Shebandowan observe EST/EDT, all in
1604 # violation of the official Ontario rules.
1605 #
1606 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1607 # Chris Walton (2006-07-06) mentioned an article by Stephanie MacLellan in the
1608 # 2005-07-21 Chronicle-Journal, which said:
1609 #
1610 #       The clocks in Atikokan stay set on standard time year-round.
1611 #       This means they spend about half the time on central time and
1612 #       the other half on eastern time.
1613 #
1614 #       For the most part, the system works, Mayor Dennis Brown said.
1615 #
1616 #       "The majority of businesses in Atikokan deal more with Eastern
1617 #       Canada, but there are some that deal with Western Canada," he
1618 #       said.  "I don't see any changes happening here."
1619 #
1620 # Walton also writes "Supposedly Pickle Lake and Mishkeegogamang
1621 # [New Osnaburgh] follow the same practice."
1622 
1623 # From Garry McKinnon (2006-07-14) via Chris Walton:
1624 # I chatted with a member of my board who has an outstanding memory
1625 # and a long history in Atikokan (and in the telecom industry) and he
1626 # can say for certain that Atikokan has been practicing the current
1627 # time keeping since 1952, at least.
1628 
1629 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-17):
1630 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Atikokan has agreed with Rainy River
1631 # ever since standard time was introduced, but the information from
1632 # McKinnon sounds more authoritative.  For now, assume that Atikokan
1633 # switched to EST immediately after WWII era daylight saving time
1634 # ended.  This matches the old (less-populous) America/Coral_Harbour
1635 # entry since our cutoff date of 1970, so we can move
1636 # America/Coral_Harbour to the 'backward' file.
1637 
1638 # From Mark Brader (2010-03-06):
1639 #
1640 # Currently the database has:
1641 #
1642 # # Ontario
1643 #
1644 # # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1645 # # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
1646 # # Toronto.
1647 # # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
1648 # # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
1649 # # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
1650 #
1651 # In the (Toronto) Globe and Mail for Saturday, 1955-09-24, in the bottom
1652 # right corner of page 1, it says that Toronto will return to standard
1653 # time at 2 am Sunday morning (which agrees with the database), and that:
1654 #
1655 #     The one-hour setback will go into effect throughout most of Ontario,
1656 #     except in areas like Windsor which remains on standard time all year.
1657 #
1658 # Windsor is, of course, a lot larger than Nipigon.
1659 #
1660 # I only came across this incidentally.  I don't know if Windsor began
1661 # observing DST when Detroit did, or in 1974, or on some other date.
1662 #
1663 # By the way, the article continues by noting that:
1664 #
1665 #     Some cities in the United States have pushed the deadline back
1666 #     three weeks and will change over from daylight saving in October.
1667 
1668 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-07-17):
1669 #
1670 # "Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada" appeared in
1671 # The Journal of The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada,
1672 # volume 26, number 2 (February 1932) and, as of 2010-07-17,
1673 # was available at
1674 # http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1932JRASC..26...49S
1675 #
1676 # It includes the text below (starting on page 57):
1677 #
1678 #   A list of the places in Canada using daylight saving time would
1679 # require yearly revision. From information kindly furnished by
1680 # the provincial governments and by the postmasters in many cities
1681 # and towns, it is found that the following places used daylight sav-
1682 # ing in 1930. The information for the province of Quebec is definite,
1683 # for the other provinces only approximate:
1684 #
1685 #       Province        Daylight saving time used
1686 # Prince Edward Island  Not used.
1687 # Nova Scotia           In Halifax only.
1688 # New Brunswick         In St. John only.
1689 # Quebec                In the following places:
1690 #                       Montreal        Lachine
1691 #                       Quebec          Mont-Royal
1692 #                       Lévis            Iberville
1693 #                       St. Lambert     Cap de la Madelèine
1694 #                       Verdun          Loretteville
1695 #                       Westmount       Richmond
1696 #                       Outremont       St. Jérôme
1697 #                       Longueuil       Greenfield Park
1698 #                       Arvida          Waterloo
1699 #                       Chambly-Canton  Beaulieu
1700 #                       Melbourne       La Tuque
1701 #                       St. Théophile    Buckingham
1702 # Ontario               Used generally in the cities and towns along
1703 #                       the southerly part of the province. Not
1704 #                       used in the northwesterly part.
1705 # Manitoba              Not used.
1706 # Saskatchewan          In Regina only.
1707 # Alberta               Not used.
1708 # British Columbia      Not used.
1709 #
1710 #   With some exceptions, the use of daylight saving may be said to be limited
1711 # to those cities and towns lying between Quebec city and Windsor, Ont.
1712 
1713 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1714 Rule    Toronto 1919    only    -       Mar     30      23:30   1:00    D
1715 Rule    Toronto 1919    only    -       Oct     26      0:00    0       S
1716 Rule    Toronto 1920    only    -       May      2      2:00    1:00    D
1717 Rule    Toronto 1920    only    -       Sep     26      0:00    0       S
1718 Rule    Toronto 1921    only    -       May     15      2:00    1:00    D
1719 Rule    Toronto 1921    only    -       Sep     15      2:00    0       S
1720 Rule    Toronto 1922    1923    -       May     Sun>=8       2:00    1:00    D
1721 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1923-09-19; assume it's a typo and that "-16"
1722 # was meant.
1723 Rule    Toronto 1922    1926    -       Sep     Sun>=15      2:00    0       S
1724 Rule    Toronto 1924    1927    -       May     Sun>=1       2:00    1:00    D
1725 # The 1927-to-1939 rules can be expressed more simply as
1726 # Rule  Toronto 1927    1937    -       Sep     Sun>=25      2:00    0       S
1727 # Rule  Toronto 1928    1937    -       Apr     Sun>=25      2:00    1:00    D
1728 # Rule  Toronto 1938    1940    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1729 # Rule  Toronto 1938    1939    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1730 # The rules below avoid use of Sun>=25
1731 # (which pre-2004 versions of zic cannot handle).
1732 Rule    Toronto 1927    1932    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1733 Rule    Toronto 1928    1931    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1734 Rule    Toronto 1932    only    -       May     1       2:00    1:00    D
1735 Rule    Toronto 1933    1940    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1736 Rule    Toronto 1933    only    -       Oct     1       2:00    0       S
1737 Rule    Toronto 1934    1939    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1738 Rule    Toronto 1945    1946    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1739 Rule    Toronto 1946    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1740 Rule    Toronto 1947    1949    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    1:00    D
1741 Rule    Toronto 1947    1948    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    0       S
1742 Rule    Toronto 1949    only    -       Nov     lastSun 0:00    0       S
1743 Rule    Toronto 1950    1973    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1744 Rule    Toronto 1950    only    -       Nov     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1745 Rule    Toronto 1951    1956    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1746 # Shanks & Pottenger say Toronto ended DST a week early in 1971,
1747 # namely on 1971-10-24, but Mark Brader wrote (2003-05-31) that this
1748 # is wrong, and that he had confirmed it by checking the 1971-10-30
1749 # Toronto Star, which said that DST was ending 1971-10-31 as usual.
1750 Rule    Toronto 1957    1973    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1751 
1752 # From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
1753 # Willett (1914-03) writes (p. 17) "In the Cities of Fort William, and
1754 # Port Arthur, Ontario, the principle of the Bill has been in
1755 # operation for the past three years, and in the City of Moose Jaw,
1756 # Saskatchewan, for one year."
1757 
1758 # From David Bryan via Tory Tronrud, Director/Curator,
1759 # Thunder Bay Museum (2003-11-12):
1760 # There is some suggestion, however, that, by-law or not, daylight
1761 # savings time was being practiced in Fort William and Port Arthur
1762 # before 1909.... [I]n 1910, the line between the Eastern and Central
1763 # Time Zones was permanently moved about two hundred miles west to
1764 # include the Thunder Bay area....  When Canada adopted daylight
1765 # savings time in 1916, Fort William and Port Arthur, having done so
1766 # already, did not change their clocks....  During the Second World
1767 # War,... [t]he cities agreed to implement DST during the summer
1768 # months for the remainder of the war years.
1769 
1770 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1771 Zone America/Toronto    -5:17:32 -      LMT     1895
1772                         -5:00   Canada  E%sT    1919
1773                         -5:00   Toronto E%sT    1942 Feb  9  2:00s
1774                         -5:00   Canada  E%sT    1946
1775                         -5:00   Toronto E%sT    1974
1776                         -5:00   Canada  E%sT
1777 Zone America/Thunder_Bay -5:57:00 -     LMT     1895
1778                         -6:00   -       CST     1910
1779                         -5:00   -       EST     1942
1780                         -5:00   Canada  E%sT    1970
1781                         -5:00   Toronto E%sT    1973
1782                         -5:00   -       EST     1974
1783                         -5:00   Canada  E%sT
1784 Zone America/Nipigon    -5:53:04 -      LMT     1895
1785                         -5:00   Canada  E%sT    1940 Sep 29
1786                         -5:00   1:00    EDT     1942 Feb  9  2:00s
1787                         -5:00   Canada  E%sT
1788 Zone America/Rainy_River -6:18:16 -     LMT     1895
1789                         -6:00   Canada  C%sT    1940 Sep 29
1790                         -6:00   1:00    CDT     1942 Feb  9  2:00s
1791                         -6:00   Canada  C%sT
1792 Zone America/Atikokan   -6:06:28 -      LMT     1895
1793                         -6:00   Canada  C%sT    1940 Sep 29
1794                         -6:00   1:00    CDT     1942 Feb  9  2:00s
1795                         -6:00   Canada  C%sT    1945 Sep 30  2:00
1796                         -5:00   -       EST
1797 
1798 
1799 # Manitoba
1800 
1801 # From Rob Douglas (2006-04-06):
1802 # the old Manitoba Time Act - as amended by Bill 2, assented to
1803 # March 27, 1987 ... said ...
1804 # "between two o'clock Central Standard Time in the morning of
1805 # the first Sunday of April of each year and two o'clock Central
1806 # Standard Time in the morning of the last Sunday of October next
1807 # following, one hour in advance of Central Standard Time."...
1808 # I believe that the English legislation [of the old time act] had
1809 # been assented to (March 22, 1967)....
1810 # Also, as far as I can tell, there was no order-in-council varying
1811 # the time of Daylight Saving Time for 2005 and so the provisions of
1812 # the 1987 version would apply - the changeover was at 2:00 Central
1813 # Standard Time (i.e. not until 3:00 Central Daylight Time).
1814 
1815 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-10):
1816 # Shanks & Pottenger say Manitoba switched at 02:00 (not 02:00s)
1817 # starting 1966.  Since 02:00s is clearly correct for 1967 on, assume
1818 # it was also 02:00s in 1966.
1819 
1820 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1821 Rule    Winn    1916    only    -       Apr     23      0:00    1:00    D
1822 Rule    Winn    1916    only    -       Sep     17      0:00    0       S
1823 Rule    Winn    1918    only    -       Apr     14      2:00    1:00    D
1824 Rule    Winn    1918    only    -       Oct     27      2:00    0       S
1825 Rule    Winn    1937    only    -       May     16      2:00    1:00    D
1826 Rule    Winn    1937    only    -       Sep     26      2:00    0       S
1827 Rule    Winn    1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
1828 Rule    Winn    1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
1829 Rule    Winn    1945    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1830 Rule    Winn    1946    only    -       May     12      2:00    1:00    D
1831 Rule    Winn    1946    only    -       Oct     13      2:00    0       S
1832 Rule    Winn    1947    1949    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1833 Rule    Winn    1947    1949    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1834 Rule    Winn    1950    only    -       May      1      2:00    1:00    D
1835 Rule    Winn    1950    only    -       Sep     30      2:00    0       S
1836 Rule    Winn    1951    1960    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1837 Rule    Winn    1951    1958    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1838 Rule    Winn    1959    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1839 Rule    Winn    1960    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1840 Rule    Winn    1963    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1841 Rule    Winn    1963    only    -       Sep     22      2:00    0       S
1842 Rule    Winn    1966    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00s   1:00    D
1843 Rule    Winn    1966    2005    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00s   0       S
1844 Rule    Winn    1987    2005    -       Apr     Sun>=1       2:00s   1:00    D
1845 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1846 Zone America/Winnipeg   -6:28:36 -      LMT     1887 Jul 16
1847                         -6:00   Winn    C%sT    2006
1848                         -6:00   Canada  C%sT
1849 
1850 
1851 # Saskatchewan
1852 
1853 # From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
1854 # The first actual adoption of DST in Canada was at the municipal
1855 # level.  As the [Toronto] Star put it (1912-06-07), "While people
1856 # elsewhere have long been talking of legislation to save daylight,
1857 # the city of Moose Jaw [Saskatchewan] has acted on its own hook."
1858 # DST in Moose Jaw began on Saturday, 1912-06-01 (no time mentioned:
1859 # presumably late evening, as below), and would run until "the end of
1860 # the summer".  The discrepancy between municipal time and railroad
1861 # time was noted.
1862 
1863 # From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
1864 # Willett (1914-03) notes that DST "has been in operation ... in the
1865 # City of Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, for one year."
1866 
1867 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1868 # Shanks & Pottenger say that since 1970 this region has mostly been as Regina.
1869 # Some western towns (e.g. Swift Current) switched from MST/MDT to CST in 1972.
1870 # Other western towns (e.g. Lloydminster) are like Edmonton.
1871 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Denare Beach and Creighton
1872 # are like Winnipeg, in violation of Saskatchewan law.
1873 
1874 # From W. Jones (1992-11-06):
1875 # The. . .below is based on information I got from our law library, the
1876 # provincial archives, and the provincial Community Services department.
1877 # A precise history would require digging through newspaper archives, and
1878 # since you didn't say what you wanted, I didn't bother.
1879 #
1880 # Saskatchewan is split by a time zone meridian (105W) and over the years
1881 # the boundary became pretty ragged as communities near it reevaluated
1882 # their affiliations in one direction or the other.  In 1965 a provincial
1883 # referendum favoured legislating common time practices.
1884 #
1885 # On 15 April 1966 the Time Act (c. T-14, Revised Statutes of
1886 # Saskatchewan 1978) was proclaimed, and established that the eastern
1887 # part of Saskatchewan would use CST year round, that districts in
1888 # northwest Saskatchewan would by default follow CST but could opt to
1889 # follow Mountain Time rules (thus 1 hour difference in the winter and
1890 # zero in the summer), and that districts in southwest Saskatchewan would
1891 # by default follow MT but could opt to follow CST.
1892 #
1893 # It took a few years for the dust to settle (I know one story of a town
1894 # on one time zone having its school in another, such that a mom had to
1895 # serve her family lunch in two shifts), but presently it seems that only
1896 # a few towns on the border with Alberta (e.g. Lloydminster) follow MT
1897 # rules any more; all other districts appear to have used CST year round
1898 # since sometime in the 1960s.
1899 
1900 # From Chris Walton (2006-06-26):
1901 # The Saskatchewan time act which was last updated in 1996 is about 30 pages
1902 # long and rather painful to read.
1903 # http://www.qp.gov.sk.ca/documents/English/Statutes/Statutes/T14.pdf
1904 
1905 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1906 Rule    Regina  1918    only    -       Apr     14      2:00    1:00    D
1907 Rule    Regina  1918    only    -       Oct     27      2:00    0       S
1908 Rule    Regina  1930    1934    -       May     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
1909 Rule    Regina  1930    1934    -       Oct     Sun>=1       0:00    0       S
1910 Rule    Regina  1937    1941    -       Apr     Sun>=8       0:00    1:00    D
1911 Rule    Regina  1937    only    -       Oct     Sun>=8       0:00    0       S
1912 Rule    Regina  1938    only    -       Oct     Sun>=1       0:00    0       S
1913 Rule    Regina  1939    1941    -       Oct     Sun>=8       0:00    0       S
1914 Rule    Regina  1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
1915 Rule    Regina  1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
1916 Rule    Regina  1945    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1917 Rule    Regina  1946    only    -       Apr     Sun>=8       2:00    1:00    D
1918 Rule    Regina  1946    only    -       Oct     Sun>=8       2:00    0       S
1919 Rule    Regina  1947    1957    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1920 Rule    Regina  1947    1957    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1921 Rule    Regina  1959    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1922 Rule    Regina  1959    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1923 #
1924 Rule    Swift   1957    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1925 Rule    Swift   1957    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1926 Rule    Swift   1959    1961    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1927 Rule    Swift   1959    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1928 Rule    Swift   1960    1961    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1929 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1930 Zone America/Regina     -6:58:36 -      LMT     1905 Sep
1931                         -7:00   Regina  M%sT    1960 Apr lastSun  2:00
1932                         -6:00   -       CST
1933 Zone America/Swift_Current -7:11:20 -   LMT     1905 Sep
1934                         -7:00   Canada  M%sT    1946 Apr lastSun  2:00
1935                         -7:00   Regina  M%sT    1950
1936                         -7:00   Swift   M%sT    1972 Apr lastSun  2:00
1937                         -6:00   -       CST
1938 
1939 
1940 # Alberta
1941 
1942 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1943 Rule    Edm     1918    1919    -       Apr     Sun>=8       2:00    1:00    D
1944 Rule    Edm     1918    only    -       Oct     27      2:00    0       S
1945 Rule    Edm     1919    only    -       May     27      2:00    0       S
1946 Rule    Edm     1920    1923    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1947 Rule    Edm     1920    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1948 Rule    Edm     1921    1923    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1949 Rule    Edm     1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
1950 Rule    Edm     1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
1951 Rule    Edm     1945    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1952 Rule    Edm     1947    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1953 Rule    Edm     1947    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1954 Rule    Edm     1967    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1955 Rule    Edm     1967    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1956 Rule    Edm     1969    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1957 Rule    Edm     1969    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1958 Rule    Edm     1972    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1959 Rule    Edm     1972    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1960 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1961 Zone America/Edmonton   -7:33:52 -      LMT     1906 Sep
1962                         -7:00   Edm     M%sT    1987
1963                         -7:00   Canada  M%sT
1964 
1965 
1966 # British Columbia
1967 
1968 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1969 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has
1970 # been like Vancouver.
1971 # Dawson Creek uses MST.  Much of east BC is like Edmonton.
1972 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Creston is like Dawson Creek.
1973 
1974 # It seems though that (re: Creston) is not entirely correct:
1975 
1976 # From Chris Walton (2011-12-01):
1977 # There are two areas within the Canadian province of British Columbia
1978 # that do not currently observe daylight saving:
1979 # a) The Creston Valley (includes the town of Creston and surrounding area)
1980 # b) The eastern half of the Peace River Regional District
1981 # (includes the cities of Dawson Creek and Fort St. John)
1982 
1983 # Earlier this year I stumbled across a detailed article about the time
1984 # keeping history of Creston; it was written by Tammy Hardwick who is the
1985 # manager of the Creston & District Museum. The article was written in May 2009.
1986 # http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
1987 # According to the article, Creston has not changed its clocks since June 1918.
1988 # i.e. Creston has been stuck on UT-7 for 93 years.
1989 # Dawson Creek, on the other hand, changed its clocks as recently as April 1972.
1990 
1991 # Unfortunately the exact date for the time change in June 1918 remains
1992 # unknown and will be difficult to ascertain.  I e-mailed Tammy a few months
1993 # ago to ask if Sunday June 2 was a reasonable guess.  She said it was just
1994 # as plausible as any other date (in June).  She also said that after writing
1995 # the article she had discovered another time change in 1916; this is the
1996 # subject of another article which she wrote in October 2010.
1997 # http://www.creston.museum.bc.ca/index.php?module=comments&uop=view_comment&cm+id=56
1998 
1999 # Here is a summary of the three clock change events in Creston's history:
2000 # 1. 1884 or 1885: adoption of Mountain Standard Time (GMT-7)
2001 # Exact date unknown
2002 # 2. Oct 1916: switch to Pacific Standard Time (GMT-8)
2003 # Exact date in October unknown; Sunday October 1 is a reasonable guess.
2004 # 3. June 1918: switch to Pacific Daylight Time (GMT-7)
2005 # Exact date in June unknown; Sunday June 2 is a reasonable guess.
2006 # note 1:
2007 # On Oct 27/1918 when daylight saving ended in the rest of Canada,
2008 # Creston did not change its clocks.
2009 # note 2:
2010 # During WWII when the Federal Government legislated a mandatory clock change,
2011 # Creston did not oblige.
2012 # note 3:
2013 # There is no guarantee that Creston will remain on Mountain Standard Time
2014 # (UTC-7) forever.
2015 # The subject was debated at least once this year by the town Council.
2016 # http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/crestonvalleyadvance/news/116760809.html
2017 
2018 # During a period WWII, summer time (Daylight saying) was mandatory in Canada.
2019 # In Creston, that was handled by shifting the area to PST (-8:00) then applying
2020 # summer time to cause the offset to be -7:00, the same as it had been before
2021 # the change.  It can be argued that the timezone abbreviation during this
2022 # period should be PDT rather than MST, but that doesn't seem important enough
2023 # (to anyone) to further complicate the rules.
2024 
2025 # The transition dates (and times) are guesses.
2026 
2027 # From Matt Johnson (2015-09-21):
2028 # Fort Nelson, BC, Canada will cancel DST this year.  So while previously they
2029 # were aligned with America/Vancouver, they're now aligned with
2030 # America/Dawson_Creek.
2031 # http://www.northernrockies.ca/EN/meta/news/archives/2015/northern-rockies-time-change.html
2032 #
2033 # From Tim Parenti (2015-09-23):
2034 # This requires a new zone for the Northern Rockies Regional Municipality,
2035 # America/Fort_Nelson.  The resolution of 2014-12-08 was reached following a
2036 # 2014-11-15 poll with nearly 75% support.  Effectively, the municipality has
2037 # been on MST (-0700) like Dawson Creek since it advanced its clocks on
2038 # 2015-03-08.
2039 #
2040 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23):
2041 # Shanks says Fort Nelson did not observe DST in 1946, unlike Vancouver.
2042 
2043 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2044 Rule    Vanc    1918    only    -       Apr     14      2:00    1:00    D
2045 Rule    Vanc    1918    only    -       Oct     27      2:00    0       S
2046 Rule    Vanc    1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
2047 Rule    Vanc    1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
2048 Rule    Vanc    1945    only    -       Sep     30      2:00    0       S
2049 Rule    Vanc    1946    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
2050 Rule    Vanc    1946    only    -       Oct     13      2:00    0       S
2051 Rule    Vanc    1947    1961    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2052 Rule    Vanc    1962    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2053 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2054 Zone America/Vancouver  -8:12:28 -      LMT     1884
2055                         -8:00   Vanc    P%sT    1987
2056                         -8:00   Canada  P%sT
2057 Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 -    LMT     1884
2058                         -8:00   Canada  P%sT    1947
2059                         -8:00   Vanc    P%sT    1972 Aug 30  2:00
2060                         -7:00   -       MST
2061 Zone America/Fort_Nelson        -8:10:47 -      LMT     1884
2062                         -8:00   Vanc    P%sT    1946
2063                         -8:00   -       PST     1947
2064                         -8:00   Vanc    P%sT    1987
2065                         -8:00   Canada  P%sT    2015 Mar  8  2:00
2066                         -7:00   -       MST
2067 Zone America/Creston    -7:46:04 -      LMT     1884
2068                         -7:00   -       MST     1916 Oct 1
2069                         -8:00   -       PST     1918 Jun 2
2070                         -7:00   -       MST
2071 
2072 # Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon
2073 
2074 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2075 # Dawson switched to PST in 1973.  Inuvik switched to MST in 1979.
2076 # Mathew Englander (1996-10-07) gives the following refs:
2077 #       * 1967. Paragraph 28(34)(g) of the Interpretation Act, S.C. 1967-68,
2078 #       c. 7 defines Yukon standard time as UTC-9....
2079 #       see Interpretation Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. I-21, s. 35(1).
2080 #       [https://www.canlii.org/en/ca/laws/stat/rsc-1985-c-i-21/latest/rsc-1985-c-i-21.html]
2081 #       * C.O. 1973/214 switched Yukon to PST on 1973-10-28 00:00.
2082 #       * O.I.C. 1980/02 established DST.
2083 #       * O.I.C. 1987/056 changed DST to Apr firstSun 2:00 to Oct lastSun 2:00.
2084 
2085 # From Brian Inglis (2015-04-14):
2086 #
2087 # I tried to trace the history of Yukon time and found the following
2088 # regulations, giving the reference title and URL if found, regulation name,
2089 # and relevant quote if available.  Each regulation specifically revokes its
2090 # predecessor.  The final reference is to the current Interpretation Act
2091 # authorizing and resulting from these regulatory changes.
2092 #
2093 # Only recent regulations were retrievable via Yukon government site search or
2094 # index, and only some via Canadian legal sources.  Other sources used include
2095 # articles titled "Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada" from JRASC via ADS
2096 # Abstracts, cited by ADO for 1932 ..., and updated versions from 1958 and
2097 # 1970 quoted below; each article includes current extracts from provincial
2098 # and territorial ST and DST regulations at the end, summaries and details of
2099 # standard times and daylight saving time at many locations across Canada,
2100 # with time zone maps, tables and calculations for Canadian Sunrise, Sunset,
2101 # and LMST; they also cover many countries and global locations, with a chart
2102 # and table showing current Universal Time offsets, and may be useful as
2103 # another source of information for 1970 and earlier.
2104 #
2105 # * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Smith, C.C.; JRASC, Vol. 26,
2106 #   pp.49-77; February 1932; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
2107 #   http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1932JRASC..26...49S from p.75:
2108 #   Yukon Interpretation Ordinance
2109 #   Yukon standard time is the local mean time at the one hundred and
2110 #   thirty-fifth meridian.
2111 #
2112 # * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Smith, C.C.; Thomson, Malcolm M.;
2113 #   JRASC, Vol. 52, pp.193-223; October 1958; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System
2114 #   (ADS) http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1958JRASC..52..193S from pp.220-1:
2115 #   Yukon Interpretation Ordinance, 1955, Chap. 16.
2116 #
2117 #     (1) Subject to this section, standard time shall be reckoned as nine
2118 #     hours behind Greenwich Time and called Yukon Standard Time.
2119 #
2120 #     (2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), the Commissioner may make regulations
2121 #     varying the manner of reckoning standard time.
2122 #
2123 # * Yukon Territory Commissioner's Order 1966-20 Interpretation Ordinance
2124 #   http://? - no online source found
2125 #
2126 # * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Thomson, Malcolm M.; JRASC,
2127 #   Vol. 64, pp.129-162; June 1970; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
2128 #   http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1970JRASC..64..129T from p.156: Yukon
2129 #   Territory Commissioner's Order 1967-59 Interpretation Ordinance ...
2130 #
2131 #     1. Commissioner's Order 1966-20 dated at Whitehorse in the Yukon
2132 #     Territory on 27th January, 1966, is hereby revoked.
2133 #
2134 #     2. Yukon (East) Standard Time as defined by section 36 of the
2135 #     Interpretation Ordinance from and after mid-night on the 28th day of May,
2136 #     1967 shall be reckoned in the same manner as Pacific Standard Time, that
2137 #     is to say, eight hours behind Greenwich Time in the area of the Yukon
2138 #     Territory lying east of the 138th degree longitude west.
2139 #
2140 #     3. In the remainder of the Territory, lying west of the 138th degree
2141 #     longitude west, Yukon (West) Standard Time shall be reckoned as nine
2142 #     hours behind Greenwich Time.
2143 #
2144 # * Yukon Standard Time defined as Pacific Standard Time, YCO 1973/214
2145 #   https://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yco-1973-214/latest/yco-1973-214.html
2146 #   C.O. 1973/214 INTERPRETATION ACT ...
2147 #
2148 #     1. Effective October 28, 1973 Commissioner's Order 1967/59 is hereby
2149 #     revoked.
2150 #
2151 #     2. Yukon Standard Time as defined by section 36 of the Interpretation
2152 #     Act from and after midnight on the twenty-eighth day of October, 1973
2153 #     shall be reckoned in the same manner as Pacific Standard Time, that is
2154 #     to say eight hours behind Greenwich Time.
2155 #
2156 # * O.I.C. 1980/02 INTERPRETATION ACT
2157 #   http://? - no online source found
2158 #
2159 # * Yukon Daylight Saving Time, YOIC 1987/56
2160 #   https://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yoic-1987-56/latest/yoic-1987-56.html
2161 #   O.I.C. 1987/056 INTERPRETATION ACT ...
2162 #
2163 #   In every year between
2164 #     (a) two o'clock in the morning in the first Sunday in April, and
2165 #     (b) two o'clock in the morning in the last Sunday in October,
2166 #   Standard Time shall be reckoned as seven hours behind Greenwich Time and
2167 #   called Yukon Daylight Saving Time.
2168 #   ...
2169 #   Dated ... 9th day of March, A.D., 1987.
2170 #
2171 # * Yukon Daylight Saving Time 2006, YOIC 2006/127
2172 #   https://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yoic-2006-127/latest/yoic-2006-127.html
2173 #   O.I.C. 2006/127 INTERPRETATION ACT ...
2174 #
2175 #     1. In Yukon each year the time for general purposes shall be 7 hours
2176 #     behind Greenwich mean time during the period commencing at two o'clock
2177 #     in the forenoon on the second Sunday of March and ending at two o'clock
2178 #     in the forenoon on the first Sunday of November and shall be called
2179 #     Yukon Daylight Saving Time.
2180 #
2181 #     2. Order-in-Council 1987/56 is revoked.
2182 #
2183 #     3. This order comes into force January 1, 2007.
2184 #
2185 # * Interpretation Act, RSY 2002, c 125
2186 # https://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/stat/rsy-2002-c-125/latest/rsy-2002-c-125.html
2187 
2188 # From Rives McDow (1999-09-04):
2189 # Nunavut ... moved ... to incorporate the whole territory into one time zone.
2190 # Nunavut moves to single time zone Oct. 31
2191 # http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt90903_13.html
2192 #
2193 # From Antoine Leca (1999-09-06):
2194 # We then need to create a new timezone for the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut
2195 # to differentiate it from the Yellowknife region.
2196 
2197 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
2198 # Basic Facts: The New Territory
2199 # http://www.nunavut.com/basicfacts/english/basicfacts_1territory.html
2200 # (1999) reports that Pangnirtung operates on eastern time,
2201 # and that Coral Harbour does not observe DST.  We don't know when
2202 # Pangnirtung switched to eastern time; we'll guess 1995.
2203 
2204 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
2205 # On October 31, when the rest of Nunavut went to Central time,
2206 # Pangnirtung wobbled.  Here is the result of their wobble:
2207 #
2208 # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Central Time:
2209 #
2210 #       First Air, Power Corp, Nunavut Construction, Health Center, RCMP,
2211 #       Eastern Arctic National Parks, A & D Specialist
2212 #
2213 # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Eastern Time:
2214 #
2215 #       Hamlet office, All other businesses, Both schools, Airport operator
2216 #
2217 # This has made for an interesting situation there, which warranted the news.
2218 # No one there that I spoke with seems concerned, or has plans to
2219 # change the local methods of keeping time, as it evidently does not
2220 # really interfere with any activities or make things difficult locally.
2221 # They plan to celebrate New Year's turn-over twice, one hour apart,
2222 # so it appears that the situation will last at least that long.
2223 # The Nunavut Intergovernmental Affairs hopes that they will "come to
2224 # their senses", but the locals evidently don't see any problem with
2225 # the current state of affairs.
2226 
2227 # From Michaela Rodrigue, writing in the
2228 # Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19):
2229 # http://www.nunatsiaqonline.ca/archives/nunavut991130/nvt91119_17.html
2230 # Clyde River, Pangnirtung and Sanikiluaq now operate with two time zones,
2231 # central - or Nunavut time - for government offices, and eastern time
2232 # for municipal offices and schools....  Igloolik [was similar but then]
2233 # made the switch to central time on Saturday, Nov. 6.
2234 
2235 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
2236 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) say the following, but we lack histories
2237 # for these potential new Zones.
2238 #
2239 # The Canadian Forces station at Alert uses Eastern Time while the
2240 # handful of residents at the Eureka weather station [in the Central
2241 # zone] skip daylight savings.  Baffin Island, which is crossed by the
2242 # Central, Eastern and Atlantic Time zones only uses Eastern Time.
2243 # Gjoa Haven, Taloyoak and Pelly Bay all use Mountain instead of
2244 # Central Time and Southampton Island [in the Central zone] is not
2245 # required to use daylight savings.
2246 
2247 # From <http://www.nunatsiaqonline.ca/archives/nunavut001130/nvt21110_02.html>
2248 # Nunavut now has two time zones (2000-11-10):
2249 # The Nunavut government would allow its employees in Kugluktuk and
2250 # Cambridge Bay to operate on central time year-round, putting them
2251 # one hour behind the rest of Nunavut for six months during the winter.
2252 # At the end of October the two communities had rebelled against
2253 # Nunavut's unified time zone, refusing to shift to eastern time with
2254 # the rest of the territory for the winter.  Cambridge Bay remained on
2255 # central time, while Kugluktuk, even farther west, reverted to
2256 # mountain time, which they had used before the advent of Nunavut's
2257 # unified time zone in 1999.
2258 #
2259 # From Rives McDow (2001-01-20), quoting the Nunavut government:
2260 # The preceding decision came into effect at midnight, Saturday Nov 4, 2000.
2261 
2262 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
2263 # Let's just keep track of the official times for now.
2264 
2265 # From Rives McDow (2001-03-07):
2266 # The premier of Nunavut has issued a ministerial statement advising
2267 # that effective 2001-04-01, the territory of Nunavut will revert
2268 # back to three time zones (mountain, central, and eastern).  Of the
2269 # cities in Nunavut, Coral Harbor is the only one that I know of that
2270 # has said it will not observe dst, staying on EST year round.  I'm
2271 # checking for more info, and will get back to you if I come up with
2272 # more.
2273 # [Also see <http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt10309_06.html> (2001-03-09).]
2274 
2275 # From Gwillim Law (2005-05-21):
2276 # According to ...
2277 # http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/geomap.asp
2278 # (from a 1998 Canadian Geographic article), the de facto and de jure time
2279 # for Southampton Island (at the north end of Hudson Bay) is UTC-5 all year
2280 # round.  Using Google, it's easy to find other websites that confirm this.
2281 # I wasn't able to find how far back this time regimen goes, but since it
2282 # predates the creation of Nunavut, it probably goes back many years....
2283 # The Inuktitut name of Coral Harbour is Sallit, but it's rarely used.
2284 #
2285 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-17):
2286 # For lack of better information, assume that Southampton Island observed
2287 # daylight saving only during wartime.  Gwillim Law's email also
2288 # mentioned maps now maintained by National Research Council Canada;
2289 # see above for an up-to-date link.
2290 
2291 # From Chris Walton (2007-03-01):
2292 # ... the community of Resolute (located on Cornwallis Island in
2293 # Nunavut) moved from Central Time to Eastern Time last November.
2294 # Basically the community did not change its clocks at the end of
2295 # daylight saving....
2296 # http://www.nnsl.com/frames/newspapers/2006-11/nov13_06none.html
2297 
2298 # From Chris Walton (2011-03-21):
2299 # Back in 2007 I initiated the creation of a new "zone file" for Resolute
2300 # Bay. Resolute Bay is a small community located about 900km north of
2301 # the Arctic Circle. The zone file was required because Resolute Bay had
2302 # decided to use UTC-5 instead of UTC-6 for the winter of 2006-2007.
2303 #
2304 # According to new information which I received last week, Resolute Bay
2305 # went back to using UTC-6 in the winter of 2007-2008...
2306 #
2307 # On March 11/2007 most of Canada went onto daylight saving. On March
2308 # 14/2007 I phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office to do a "time check." I
2309 # talked to somebody that was both knowledgeable and helpful. I was able
2310 # to confirm that Resolute Bay was still operating on UTC-5. It was
2311 # explained to me that Resolute Bay had been on the Eastern Time zone
2312 # (EST) in the winter, and was now back on the Central Time zone (CDT).
2313 # i.e. the time zone had changed twice in the last year but the clocks
2314 # had not moved. The residents had to know which time zone they were in
2315 # so they could follow the correct TV schedule...
2316 #
2317 # On Nov 02/2008 most of Canada went onto standard time. On Nov 03/2008 I
2318 # phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office...[D]ue to the challenging nature
2319 # of the phone call, I decided to seek out an alternate source of
2320 # information. I found an e-mail address for somebody by the name of
2321 # Stephanie Adams whose job was listed as "Inns North Support Officer for
2322 # Arctic Co-operatives." I was under the impression that Stephanie lived
2323 # and worked in Resolute Bay...
2324 #
2325 # On March 14/2011 I phoned the hamlet office again. I was told that
2326 # Resolute Bay had been using Central Standard Time over the winter of
2327 # 2010-2011 and that the clocks had therefore been moved one hour ahead
2328 # on March 13/2011. The person I talked to was aware that Resolute Bay
2329 # had previously experimented with Eastern Standard Time but he could not
2330 # tell me when the practice had stopped.
2331 #
2332 # On March 17/2011 I searched the Web to find an e-mail address of
2333 # somebody that might be able to tell me exactly when Resolute Bay went
2334 # off Eastern Standard Time. I stumbled on the name "Aziz Kheraj." Aziz
2335 # used to be the mayor of Resolute Bay and he apparently owns half the
2336 # businesses including "South Camp Inn." This website has some info on
2337 # Aziz:
2338 # http://www.uphere.ca/node/493
2339 #
2340 # I sent Aziz an e-mail asking when Resolute Bay had stopped using
2341 # Eastern Standard Time.
2342 #
2343 # Aziz responded quickly with this: "hi, The time was not changed for the
2344 # 1 year only, the following year, the community went back to the old way
2345 # of "spring ahead-fall behind" currently we are zulu plus 5 hrs and in
2346 # the winter Zulu plus 6 hrs"
2347 #
2348 # This of course conflicted with everything I had ascertained in November 2008.
2349 #
2350 # I sent Aziz a copy of my 2008 e-mail exchange with Stephanie. Aziz
2351 # responded with this: "Hi, Stephanie lives in Winnipeg. I live here, You
2352 # may want to check with the weather office in Resolute Bay or do a
2353 # search on the weather through Env. Canada. web site"
2354 #
2355 # If I had realized the Stephanie did not live in Resolute Bay I would
2356 # never have contacted her.  I now believe that all the information I
2357 # obtained in November 2008 should be ignored...
2358 # I apologize for reporting incorrect information in 2008.
2359 
2360 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2361 Rule    NT_YK   1918    only    -       Apr     14      2:00    1:00    D
2362 Rule    NT_YK   1918    only    -       Oct     27      2:00    0       S
2363 Rule    NT_YK   1919    only    -       May     25      2:00    1:00    D
2364 Rule    NT_YK   1919    only    -       Nov      1      0:00    0       S
2365 Rule    NT_YK   1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
2366 Rule    NT_YK   1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
2367 Rule    NT_YK   1945    only    -       Sep     30      2:00    0       S
2368 Rule    NT_YK   1965    only    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    2:00    DD
2369 Rule    NT_YK   1965    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2370 Rule    NT_YK   1980    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
2371 Rule    NT_YK   1980    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2372 Rule    NT_YK   1987    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1       2:00    1:00    D
2373 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2374 # aka Panniqtuuq
2375 Zone America/Pangnirtung 0      -       -00     1921 # trading post est.
2376                         -4:00   NT_YK   A%sT    1995 Apr Sun>=1  2:00
2377                         -5:00   Canada  E%sT    1999 Oct 31  2:00
2378                         -6:00   Canada  C%sT    2000 Oct 29  2:00
2379                         -5:00   Canada  E%sT
2380 # formerly Frobisher Bay
2381 Zone America/Iqaluit    0       -       -00     1942 Aug # Frobisher Bay est.
2382                         -5:00   NT_YK   E%sT    1999 Oct 31  2:00
2383                         -6:00   Canada  C%sT    2000 Oct 29  2:00
2384                         -5:00   Canada  E%sT
2385 # aka Qausuittuq
2386 Zone America/Resolute   0       -       -00     1947 Aug 31 # Resolute founded
2387                         -6:00   NT_YK   C%sT    2000 Oct 29  2:00
2388                         -5:00   -       EST     2001 Apr  1  3:00
2389                         -6:00   Canada  C%sT    2006 Oct 29  2:00
2390                         -5:00   -       EST     2007 Mar 11  3:00
2391                         -6:00   Canada  C%sT
2392 # aka Kangiqiniq
2393 Zone America/Rankin_Inlet 0     -       -00     1957 # Rankin Inlet founded
2394                         -6:00   NT_YK   C%sT    2000 Oct 29  2:00
2395                         -5:00   -       EST     2001 Apr  1  3:00
2396                         -6:00   Canada  C%sT
2397 # aka Iqaluktuuttiaq
2398 Zone America/Cambridge_Bay 0    -       -00     1920 # trading post est.?
2399                         -7:00   NT_YK   M%sT    1999 Oct 31  2:00
2400                         -6:00   Canada  C%sT    2000 Oct 29  2:00
2401                         -5:00   -       EST     2000 Nov  5  0:00
2402                         -6:00   -       CST     2001 Apr  1  3:00
2403                         -7:00   Canada  M%sT
2404 Zone America/Yellowknife 0      -       -00     1935 # Yellowknife founded?
2405                         -7:00   NT_YK   M%sT    1980
2406                         -7:00   Canada  M%sT
2407 Zone America/Inuvik     0       -       -00     1953 # Inuvik founded
2408                         -8:00   NT_YK   P%sT    1979 Apr lastSun  2:00
2409                         -7:00   NT_YK   M%sT    1980
2410                         -7:00   Canada  M%sT
2411 Zone America/Whitehorse -9:00:12 -      LMT     1900 Aug 20
2412                         -9:00   NT_YK   Y%sT    1967 May 28  0:00
2413                         -8:00   NT_YK   P%sT    1980
2414                         -8:00   Canada  P%sT
2415 Zone America/Dawson     -9:17:40 -      LMT     1900 Aug 20
2416                         -9:00   NT_YK   Y%sT    1973 Oct 28  0:00
2417                         -8:00   NT_YK   P%sT    1980
2418                         -8:00   Canada  P%sT
2419 
2420 
2421 ###############################################################################
2422 
2423 # Mexico
2424 
2425 # From Paul Eggert (2014-12-07):
2426 # The Investigation and Analysis Service of the
2427 # Mexican Library of Congress (MLoC) has published a
2428 # history of Mexican local time (in Spanish)
2429 # http://www.diputados.gob.mx/bibliot/publica/inveyana/polisoc/horver/index.htm
2430 #
2431 # Here are the discrepancies between Shanks & Pottenger (S&P) and the MLoC.
2432 # (In all cases we go with the MLoC.)
2433 # S&P report that Baja was at -8:00 in 1922/1923.
2434 # S&P say the 1930 transition in Baja was 1930-11-16.
2435 # S&P report no DST during summer 1931.
2436 # S&P report a transition at 1932-03-30 23:00, not 1932-04-01.
2437 
2438 # From Gwillim Law (2001-02-20):
2439 # There are some other discrepancies between the Decrees page and the
2440 # tz database.  I think they can best be explained by supposing that
2441 # the researchers who prepared the Decrees page failed to find some of
2442 # the relevant documents.
2443 
2444 # From Alan Perry (1996-02-15):
2445 # A guy from our Mexico subsidiary finally found the Presidential Decree
2446 # outlining the timezone changes in Mexico.
2447 #
2448 # ------------- Begin Forwarded Message -------------
2449 #
2450 # I finally got my hands on the Official Presidential Decree that sets up the
2451 # rules for the DST changes. The rules are:
2452 #
2453 # 1. The country is divided in 3 timezones:
2454 #    - Baja California Norte (the Mexico/BajaNorte TZ)
2455 #    - Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa and Sonora (the Mexico/BajaSur TZ)
2456 #    - The rest of the country (the Mexico/General TZ)
2457 #
2458 # 2. From the first Sunday in April at 2:00 AM to the last Sunday in October
2459 #    at 2:00 AM, the times in each zone are as follows:
2460 #    BajaNorte: GMT+7
2461 #    BajaSur:   GMT+6
2462 #    General:   GMT+5
2463 #
2464 # 3. The rest of the year, the times are as follows:
2465 #    BajaNorte: GMT+8
2466 #    BajaSur:   GMT+7
2467 #    General:   GMT+6
2468 #
2469 # The Decree was published in Mexico's Official Newspaper on January 4th.
2470 #
2471 # -------------- End Forwarded Message --------------
2472 # From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
2473 # For an English translation of the decree, see
2474 # "Diario Oficial: Time Zone Changeover" (1996-01-04).
2475 # http://mexico-travel.com/extra/timezone_eng.html
2476 
2477 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
2478 # The State of Quintana Roo has reverted back to central STD and DST times
2479 # (i.e. UTC -0600 and -0500 as of 1998-08-02).
2480 
2481 # From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
2482 # Effective April 4, 1999 at 2:00 AM local time, Sonora changed to the time
2483 # zone 5 hours from the International Date Line, and will not observe daylight
2484 # savings time so as to stay on the same time zone as the southern part of
2485 # Arizona year round.
2486 
2487 # From Jesper Nørgaard, translating
2488 # <http://www.reforma.com/nacional/articulo/064327/> (2001-01-17):
2489 # In Oaxaca, the 55.000 teachers from the Section 22 of the National
2490 # Syndicate of Education Workers, refuse to apply daylight saving each
2491 # year, so that the more than 10,000 schools work at normal hour the
2492 # whole year.
2493 
2494 # From Gwillim Law (2001-01-19):
2495 # <http://www.reforma.com/negocios_y_dinero/articulo/064481/> ... says
2496 # (translated):...
2497 # January 17, 2000 - The Energy Secretary, Ernesto Martens, announced
2498 # that Summer Time will be reduced from seven to five months, starting
2499 # this year....
2500 # http://www.publico.com.mx/scripts/texto3.asp?action=pagina&pag=21&pos=p&secc=naci&date=01/17/2001
2501 # [translated], says "summer time will ... take effect on the first Sunday
2502 # in May, and end on the last Sunday of September.
2503 
2504 # From Arthur David Olson (2001-01-25):
2505 # The 2001-01-24 traditional Washington Post contained the page one
2506 # story "Timely Issue Divides Mexicans."...
2507 # http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A37383-2001Jan23.html
2508 # ... Mexico City Mayor López Obrador "...is threatening to keep
2509 # Mexico City and its 20 million residents on a different time than
2510 # the rest of the country..." In particular, López Obrador would abolish
2511 # observation of Daylight Saving Time.
2512 
2513 # Official statute published by the Energy Department
2514 # http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/decretohorver2001.html#decre
2515 # (2001-02-01) shows Baja and Chihauhua as still using US DST rules,
2516 # and Sonora with no DST.  This was reported by Jesper Nørgaard (2001-02-03).
2517 
2518 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-03):
2519 #
2520 # http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/20010303/t000018766.html
2521 # James F. Smith writes in today's LA Times
2522 # * Sonora will continue to observe standard time.
2523 # * Last week Mexico City's mayor Andrés Manuel López Obrador decreed that
2524 #   the Federal District will not adopt DST.
2525 # * 4 of 16 district leaders announced they'll ignore the decree.
2526 # * The decree does not affect federal-controlled facilities including
2527 #   the airport, banks, hospitals, and schools.
2528 #
2529 # For now we'll assume that the Federal District will bow to federal rules.
2530 
2531 # From Jesper Nørgaard (2001-04-01):
2532 # I found some references to the Mexican application of daylight
2533 # saving, which modifies what I had already sent you, stating earlier
2534 # that a number of northern Mexican states would go on daylight
2535 # saving. The modification reverts this to only cover Baja California
2536 # (Norte), while all other states (except Sonora, who has no daylight
2537 # saving all year) will follow the original decree of president
2538 # Vicente Fox, starting daylight saving May 6, 2001 and ending
2539 # September 30, 2001.
2540 # References: "Diario de Monterrey" <http://www.diariodemonterrey.com/index.asp>
2541 # Palabra <http://palabra.infosel.com/010331/primera/ppri3101.pdf> (2001-03-31)
2542 
2543 # From Reuters (2001-09-04):
2544 # Mexico's Supreme Court on Tuesday declared that daylight savings was
2545 # unconstitutional in Mexico City, creating the possibility the
2546 # capital will be in a different time zone from the rest of the nation
2547 # next year....  The Supreme Court's ruling takes effect at 2:00
2548 # a.m. (0800 GMT) on Sept. 30, when Mexico is scheduled to revert to
2549 # standard time. "This is so residents of the Federal District are not
2550 # subject to unexpected time changes," a statement from the court said.
2551 
2552 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2002-03-12):
2553 # ... consulting my local grocery store(!) and my coworkers, they all insisted
2554 # that a new decision had been made to reinstate US style DST in Mexico....
2555 # http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/horaver2001_m1_2002.html (2002-02-20)
2556 # confirms this.  Sonora as usual is the only state where DST is not applied.
2557 
2558 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-12-28):
2559 #
2560 # Steffen Thorsen wrote:
2561 # > Mexico's House of Representatives has approved a proposal for northern
2562 # > Mexico's border cities to share the same daylight saving schedule as
2563 # > the United States.
2564 # Now this has passed both the Congress and the Senate, so starting from
2565 # 2010, some border regions will be the same:
2566 # http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2009/dec/28/clocks-will-match-both-sides-border/
2567 # http://www.elmananarey.com/diario/noticia/nacional/noticias/empatan_horario_de_frontera_con_eu/621939
2568 # (Spanish)
2569 #
2570 # Could not find the new law text, but the proposed law text changes are here:
2571 # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/20091210-V.pdf
2572 # (Gaceta Parlamentaria)
2573 #
2574 # There is also a list of the votes here:
2575 # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/V2-101209.html
2576 #
2577 # Our page:
2578 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/north-mexico-dst-change.html
2579 
2580 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-01-20):
2581 # The page
2582 # http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010
2583 # includes this text:
2584 # En los municipios fronterizos de Tijuana y Mexicali en Baja California;
2585 # Juárez y Ojinaga en Chihuahua; Acuña y Piedras Negras en Coahuila;
2586 # Anáhuac en Nuevo León; y Nuevo Laredo, Reynosa y Matamoros en
2587 # Tamaulipas, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá efecto
2588 # desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a las dos
2589 # horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
2590 # En los municipios fronterizos que se encuentren ubicados en la franja
2591 # fronteriza norte en el territorio comprendido entre la línea
2592 # internacional y la línea paralela ubicada a una distancia de veinte
2593 # kilómetros, así como la Ciudad de Ensenada, Baja California, hacia el
2594 # interior del país, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá
2595 # efecto desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a
2596 # las dos horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
2597 
2598 # From Steffen Thorsen (2014-12-08), translated by Gwillim Law:
2599 # The Mexican state of Quintana Roo will likely change to EST in 2015.
2600 #
2601 # http://www.unioncancun.mx/articulo/2014/12/04/medio-ambiente/congreso-aprueba-una-hora-mas-de-sol-en-qroo
2602 # "With this change, the time conflict that has existed between the municipios
2603 # of Quintana Roo and the municipio of Felipe Carrillo Puerto may come to an
2604 # end. The latter declared itself in rebellion 15 years ago when a time change
2605 # was initiated in Mexico, and since then it has refused to change its time
2606 # zone along with the rest of the country."
2607 #
2608 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-01-14), translated by Gwillim Law:
2609 # http://sipse.com/novedades/confirman-aplicacion-de-nueva-zona-horaria-para-quintana-roo-132331.html
2610 # "...the new time zone will come into effect at two o'clock on the first Sunday
2611 # of February, when we will have to advance the clock one hour from its current
2612 # time..."
2613 # Also, the new zone will not use DST.
2614 #
2615 # From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2015-02-02):
2616 # The decree that modifies the Mexican Hour System Law has finally
2617 # been published at the Diario Oficial de la Federación
2618 # http://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5380123&fecha=31/01/2015
2619 # It establishes 5 zones for Mexico:
2620 # 1- Zona Centro (Central Zone): Corresponds to longitude 90 W,
2621 #    includes most of Mexico, excluding what's mentioned below.
2622 # 2- Zona Pacífico (Pacific Zone): Longitude 105 W, includes the
2623 #    states of Baja California Sur; Chihuahua; Nayarit (excluding Bahía
2624 #    de Banderas which lies in Central Zone); Sinaloa and Sonora.
2625 # 3- Zona Noroeste (Northwest Zone): Longitude 120 W, includes the
2626 #    state of Baja California.
2627 # 4- Zona Sureste (Southeast Zone): Longitude 75 W, includes the state
2628 #    of Quintana Roo.
2629 # 5- The islands, reefs and keys shall take their timezone from the
2630 #    longitude they are located at.
2631 
2632 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2633 Rule    Mexico  1939    only    -       Feb     5       0:00    1:00    D
2634 Rule    Mexico  1939    only    -       Jun     25      0:00    0       S
2635 Rule    Mexico  1940    only    -       Dec     9       0:00    1:00    D
2636 Rule    Mexico  1941    only    -       Apr     1       0:00    0       S
2637 Rule    Mexico  1943    only    -       Dec     16      0:00    1:00    W # War
2638 Rule    Mexico  1944    only    -       May     1       0:00    0       S
2639 Rule    Mexico  1950    only    -       Feb     12      0:00    1:00    D
2640 Rule    Mexico  1950    only    -       Jul     30      0:00    0       S
2641 Rule    Mexico  1996    2000    -       Apr     Sun>=1       2:00    1:00    D
2642 Rule    Mexico  1996    2000    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2643 Rule    Mexico  2001    only    -       May     Sun>=1       2:00    1:00    D
2644 Rule    Mexico  2001    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2645 Rule    Mexico  2002    max     -       Apr     Sun>=1       2:00    1:00    D
2646 Rule    Mexico  2002    max     -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2647 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2648 # Quintana Roo; represented by Cancún
2649 Zone America/Cancun     -5:47:04 -      LMT     1922 Jan  1  0:12:56
2650                         -6:00   -       CST     1981 Dec 23
2651                         -5:00   Mexico  E%sT    1998 Aug  2  2:00
2652                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT    2015 Feb  1  2:00
2653                         -5:00   -       EST
2654 # Campeche, Yucatán; represented by Mérida
2655 Zone America/Merida     -5:58:28 -      LMT     1922 Jan  1  0:01:32
2656                         -6:00   -       CST     1981 Dec 23
2657                         -5:00   -       EST     1982 Dec  2
2658                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT
2659 # Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (near US border)
2660 # This includes the following municipalities:
2661 #   in Coahuila: Ocampo, Acuña, Zaragoza, Jiménez, Piedras Negras, Nava,
2662 #     Guerrero, Hidalgo.
2663 #   in Nuevo León: Anáhuac, Los Aldama.
2664 #   in Tamaulipas: Nuevo Laredo, Guerrero, Mier, Miguel Alemán, Camargo,
2665 #     Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, Reynosa, Río Bravo, Valle Hermoso, Matamoros.
2666 # See: Inicia mañana Horario de Verano en zona fronteriza, El Universal,
2667 # 2016-03-12
2668 # http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/articulo/estados/2016/03/12/inicia-manana-horario-de-verano-en-zona-fronteriza
2669 Zone America/Matamoros  -6:40:00 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:20:00
2670                         -6:00   -       CST     1988
2671                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1989
2672                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT    2010
2673                         -6:00   US      C%sT
2674 # Durango; Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (away from US border)
2675 Zone America/Monterrey  -6:41:16 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:18:44
2676                         -6:00   -       CST     1988
2677                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1989
2678                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT
2679 # Central Mexico
2680 Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 -     LMT     1922 Jan  1  0:23:24
2681                         -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2682                         -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2683                         -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2684                         -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2685                         -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2686                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT    2001 Sep 30  2:00
2687                         -6:00   -       CST     2002 Feb 20
2688                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT
2689 # Chihuahua (near US border)
2690 # This includes the municipalities of Janos, Ascensión, Juárez, Guadalupe,
2691 # Práxedis G Guerrero, Coyame del Sotol, Ojinaga, and Manuel Benavides.
2692 # (See the 2016-03-12 El Universal source mentioned above.)
2693 Zone America/Ojinaga    -6:57:40 -      LMT     1922 Jan  1  0:02:20
2694                         -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2695                         -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2696                         -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2697                         -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2698                         -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2699                         -6:00   -       CST     1996
2700                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT    1998
2701                         -6:00   -       CST     1998 Apr Sun>=1  3:00
2702                         -7:00   Mexico  M%sT    2010
2703                         -7:00   US      M%sT
2704 # Chihuahua (away from US border)
2705 Zone America/Chihuahua  -7:04:20 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:55:40
2706                         -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2707                         -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2708                         -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2709                         -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2710                         -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2711                         -6:00   -       CST     1996
2712                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT    1998
2713                         -6:00   -       CST     1998 Apr Sun>=1  3:00
2714                         -7:00   Mexico  M%sT
2715 # Sonora
2716 Zone America/Hermosillo -7:23:52 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:36:08
2717                         -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2718                         -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2719                         -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2720                         -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2721                         -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2722                         -6:00   -       CST     1942 Apr 24
2723                         -7:00   -       MST     1949 Jan 14
2724                         -8:00   -       PST     1970
2725                         -7:00   Mexico  M%sT    1999
2726                         -7:00   -       MST
2727 
2728 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-21):
2729 # According to news, Bahía de Banderas (Mexican state of Nayarit)
2730 # changed time zone UTC-7 to new time zone UTC-6 on April 4, 2010 (to
2731 # share the same time zone as nearby city Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco).
2732 #
2733 # (Spanish)
2734 # Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario al del centro del
2735 # país, a partir de este domingo
2736 # http://www.nayarit.gob.mx/notes.asp?id=20748
2737 #
2738 # Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario con el del Centro del
2739 # País
2740 # http://www.bahiadebanderas.gob.mx/principal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261:bahia-de-banderas-homologa-su-horario-con-el-del-centro-del-pais&catid=42:comunicacion-social&Itemid=50
2741 #
2742 # (English)
2743 # Puerto Vallarta and Bahía de Banderas: One Time Zone
2744 # http://virtualvallarta.com/puertovallarta/puertovallarta/localnews/2009-12-03-Puerto-Vallarta-and-Bahia-de-Banderas-One-Time-Zone.shtml
2745 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mexico08.html
2746 #
2747 # "Mexico's Senate approved the amendments to the Mexican Schedule System that
2748 # will allow Bahía de Banderas and Puerto Vallarta to share the same time
2749 # zone ..."
2750 # Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa
2751 
2752 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-05-01):
2753 # Use "Bahia_Banderas" to keep the name to fourteen characters.
2754 
2755 # Mazatlán
2756 Zone America/Mazatlan   -7:05:40 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:54:20
2757                         -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2758                         -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2759                         -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2760                         -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2761                         -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2762                         -6:00   -       CST     1942 Apr 24
2763                         -7:00   -       MST     1949 Jan 14
2764                         -8:00   -       PST     1970
2765                         -7:00   Mexico  M%sT
2766 
2767 # Bahía de Banderas
2768 Zone America/Bahia_Banderas     -7:01:00 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:59:00
2769                         -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2770                         -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2771                         -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2772                         -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2773                         -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2774                         -6:00   -       CST     1942 Apr 24
2775                         -7:00   -       MST     1949 Jan 14
2776                         -8:00   -       PST     1970
2777                         -7:00   Mexico  M%sT    2010 Apr  4  2:00
2778                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT
2779 
2780 # Baja California
2781 Zone America/Tijuana    -7:48:04 -      LMT     1922 Jan  1  0:11:56
2782                         -7:00   -       MST     1924
2783                         -8:00   -       PST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2784                         -7:00   -       MST     1930 Nov 15
2785                         -8:00   -       PST     1931 Apr  1
2786                         -8:00   1:00    PDT     1931 Sep 30
2787                         -8:00   -       PST     1942 Apr 24
2788                         -8:00   1:00    PWT     1945 Aug 14 23:00u
2789                         -8:00   1:00    PPT     1945 Nov 12 # Peace
2790                         -8:00   -       PST     1948 Apr  5
2791                         -8:00   1:00    PDT     1949 Jan 14
2792                         -8:00   -       PST     1954
2793                         -8:00   CA      P%sT    1961
2794                         -8:00   -       PST     1976
2795                         -8:00   US      P%sT    1996
2796                         -8:00   Mexico  P%sT    2001
2797                         -8:00   US      P%sT    2002 Feb 20
2798                         -8:00   Mexico  P%sT    2010
2799                         -8:00   US      P%sT
2800 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2801 # Formerly there was an America/Ensenada zone, which differed from
2802 # America/Tijuana only in that it did not observe DST from 1976
2803 # through 1995.  This was as per Shanks (1999).  But Shanks & Pottenger say
2804 # Ensenada did not observe DST from 1948 through 1975.  Guy Harris reports
2805 # that the 1987 OAG says "Only Ensenada, Mexicali, San Felipe and
2806 # Tijuana observe DST," which agrees with Shanks & Pottenger but implies that
2807 # DST-observance was a town-by-town matter back then.  This concerns
2808 # data after 1970 so most likely there should be at least one Zone
2809 # other than America/Tijuana for Baja, but it's not clear yet what its
2810 # name or contents should be.
2811 #
2812 # From Paul Eggert (2015-10-08):
2813 # Formerly there was an America/Santa_Isabel zone, but this appears to
2814 # have come from a misreading of
2815 # http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010
2816 # It has been moved to the 'backward' file.
2817 #
2818 #
2819 # Revillagigedo Is
2820 # no information
2821 
2822 ###############################################################################
2823 
2824 # Anguilla
2825 # Antigua and Barbuda
2826 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
2827 
2828 # Bahamas
2829 #
2830 # For 1899 Milne gives -5:09:29.5; round that.
2831 #
2832 # From Sue Williams (2006-12-07):
2833 # The Bahamas announced about a month ago that they plan to change their DST
2834 # rules to sync with the U.S. starting in 2007....
2835 # http://www.jonesbahamas.com/?c=45&a=10412
2836 
2837 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2838 Rule    Bahamas 1964    1975    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2839 Rule    Bahamas 1964    1975    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
2840 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2841 Zone    America/Nassau  -5:09:30 -      LMT     1912 Mar 2
2842                         -5:00   Bahamas E%sT    1976
2843                         -5:00   US      E%sT
2844 
2845 # Barbados
2846 
2847 # For 1899 Milne gives -3:58:29.2; round that.
2848 
2849 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2850 Rule    Barb    1977    only    -       Jun     12      2:00    1:00    D
2851 Rule    Barb    1977    1978    -       Oct     Sun>=1       2:00    0       S
2852 Rule    Barb    1978    1980    -       Apr     Sun>=15      2:00    1:00    D
2853 Rule    Barb    1979    only    -       Sep     30      2:00    0       S
2854 Rule    Barb    1980    only    -       Sep     25      2:00    0       S
2855 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2856 Zone America/Barbados   -3:58:29 -      LMT     1924 # Bridgetown
2857                         -3:58:29 -      BMT     1932 # Bridgetown Mean Time
2858                         -4:00   Barb    A%sT
2859 
2860 # Belize
2861 # Whitman entirely disagrees with Shanks; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2862 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2863 Rule    Belize  1918    1942    -       Oct     Sun>=2       0:00    0:30    -0530
2864 Rule    Belize  1919    1943    -       Feb     Sun>=9       0:00    0       CST
2865 Rule    Belize  1973    only    -       Dec      5      0:00    1:00    CDT
2866 Rule    Belize  1974    only    -       Feb      9      0:00    0       CST
2867 Rule    Belize  1982    only    -       Dec     18      0:00    1:00    CDT
2868 Rule    Belize  1983    only    -       Feb     12      0:00    0       CST
2869 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2870 Zone    America/Belize  -5:52:48 -      LMT     1912 Apr
2871                         -6:00   Belize  %s
2872 
2873 # Bermuda
2874 
2875 # For 1899 Milne gives -4:19:18.3 as the meridian of the clock tower,
2876 # Bermuda dockyard, Ireland I; round that.
2877 
2878 # From Dan Jones, reporting in The Royal Gazette (2006-06-26):
2879 
2880 # Next year, however, clocks in the US will go forward on the second Sunday
2881 # in March, until the first Sunday in November.  And, after the Time Zone
2882 # (Seasonal Variation) Bill 2006 was passed in the House of Assembly on
2883 # Friday, the same thing will happen in Bermuda.
2884 # http://www.theroyalgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060529/NEWS/105290135
2885 
2886 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2887 Zone Atlantic/Bermuda   -4:19:18 -      LMT     1930 Jan  1  2:00 # Hamilton
2888                         -4:00   -       AST     1974 Apr 28  2:00
2889                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1976
2890                         -4:00   US      A%sT
2891 
2892 # Cayman Is
2893 # See America/Panama.
2894 
2895 # Costa Rica
2896 
2897 # Milne gives -5:36:13.3 as San José mean time; round to nearest.
2898 
2899 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2900 Rule    CR      1979    1980    -       Feb     lastSun 0:00    1:00    D
2901 Rule    CR      1979    1980    -       Jun     Sun>=1       0:00    0       S
2902 Rule    CR      1991    1992    -       Jan     Sat>=15      0:00    1:00    D
2903 # IATA SSIM (1991-09) says the following was at 1:00;
2904 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2905 Rule    CR      1991    only    -       Jul      1      0:00    0       S
2906 Rule    CR      1992    only    -       Mar     15      0:00    0       S
2907 # There are too many San Josés elsewhere, so we'll use 'Costa Rica'.
2908 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2909 Zone America/Costa_Rica -5:36:13 -      LMT     1890        # San José
2910                         -5:36:13 -      SJMT    1921 Jan 15 # San José Mean Time
2911                         -6:00   CR      C%sT
2912 # Coco
2913 # no information; probably like America/Costa_Rica
2914 
2915 # Cuba
2916 
2917 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
2918 # Milne gives -5:28:50.45 for the observatory at Havana, -5:29:23.57
2919 # for the port, and -5:30 for meteorological observations.
2920 # For now, stick with Shanks & Pottenger.
2921 
2922 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-03-29):
2923 # The 1999-03-28 exhibition baseball game held in Havana, Cuba, between
2924 # the Cuban National Team and the Baltimore Orioles was carried live on
2925 # the Orioles Radio Network, including affiliate WTOP in Washington, DC.
2926 # During the game, play-by-play announcer Jim Hunter noted that
2927 # "We'll be losing two hours of sleep...Cuba switched to Daylight Saving
2928 # Time today."  (The "two hour" remark referred to losing one hour of
2929 # sleep on 1999-03-28 - when the announcers were in Cuba as it switched
2930 # to DST - and one more hour on 1999-04-04 - when the announcers will have
2931 # returned to Baltimore, which switches on that date.)
2932 
2933 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-11-11):
2934 # DST start in Cuba in 2004 ... does not follow the same rules as the
2935 # years before.  The correct date should be Sunday 2004-03-28 00:00 ...
2936 # https://web.archive.org/web/20040402060750/http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2004/marzo/sab27/reloj.html
2937 
2938 # From Evert van der Veer via Steffen Thorsen (2004-10-28):
2939 # Cuba is not going back to standard time this year.
2940 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2941 # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2004/septiembre/juev30/41medid-i.html
2942 # says that it's due to a problem at the Antonio Guiteras
2943 # thermoelectric plant, and says "This October there will be no return
2944 # to normal hours (after daylight saving time)".
2945 # For now, let's assume that it's a temporary measure.
2946 
2947 # From Carlos A. Carnero Delgado (2005-11-12):
2948 # This year (just like in 2004-2005) there's no change in time zone
2949 # adjustment in Cuba.  We will stay in daylight saving time:
2950 # http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2005/noviembre/mier9/horario.html
2951 
2952 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-10-21):
2953 # An article in GRANMA INTERNACIONAL claims that Cuba will end
2954 # the 3 years of permanent DST next weekend, see
2955 # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2006/octubre/lun16/43horario.html
2956 # "On Saturday night, October 28 going into Sunday, October 29, at 01:00,
2957 # watches should be set back one hour - going back to 00:00 hours - returning
2958 # to the normal schedule....
2959 
2960 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-02):
2961 # <http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/english/news/art89.html>, dated yesterday,
2962 # says Cuban clocks will advance at midnight on March 10.
2963 # For lack of better information, assume Cuba will use US rules,
2964 # except that it switches at midnight standard time as usual.
2965 #
2966 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-25):
2967 # Carlos Alberto Fonseca Arauz informed me that Cuba will end DST one week
2968 # earlier - on the last Sunday of October, just like in 2006.
2969 #
2970 # He supplied these references:
2971 #
2972 # http://www.prensalatina.com.mx/article.asp?ID=%7B4CC32C1B-A9F7-42FB-8A07-8631AFC923AF%7D&language=ES
2973 # http://actualidad.terra.es/sociedad/articulo/cuba_llama_ahorrar_energia_cambio_1957044.htm
2974 #
2975 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2007-10-25):
2976 # Here is also article from Granma (Cuba):
2977 #
2978 # Regirá el Horario Normal desde el próximo domingo 28 de octubre
2979 # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2007/10/24/nacional/artic07.html
2980 #
2981 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba03.html
2982 
2983 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-09):
2984 # I'm in Maryland which is now observing United States Eastern Daylight
2985 # Time. At 9:44 local time I used RealPlayer to listen to
2986 # http://media.enet.cu/radioreloj
2987 # a Cuban information station, and heard
2988 # the time announced as "ocho cuarenta y cuatro" ("eight forty-four"),
2989 # indicating that Cuba is still on standard time.
2990 
2991 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-12):
2992 # It seems that Cuba will start DST on Sunday, 2007-03-16...
2993 # It was announced yesterday, according to this source (in Spanish):
2994 # http://www.nnc.cubaweb.cu/marzo-2008/cien-1-11-3-08.htm
2995 #
2996 # Some more background information is posted here:
2997 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-march-16.html
2998 #
2999 # The article also says that Cuba has been observing DST since 1963,
3000 # while Shanks (and tzdata) has 1965 as the first date (except in the
3001 # 1940's). Many other web pages in Cuba also claim that it has been
3002 # observed since 1963, but with the exception of 1970 - an exception
3003 # which is not present in tzdata/Shanks. So there is a chance we need to
3004 # change some historic records as well.
3005 #
3006 # One example:
3007 # http://www.radiohc.cu/espanol/noticias/mar07/11mar/hor.htm
3008 
3009 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-03-13):
3010 # The Cuban time change has just been confirmed on the most authoritative
3011 # web site, the Granma.  Please check out
3012 # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2008/03/13/nacional/artic10.html
3013 #
3014 # Basically as expected after Steffen Thorsen's information, the change
3015 # will take place midnight between Saturday and Sunday.
3016 
3017 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-12):
3018 # Assume Sun>=15 (third Sunday) going forward.
3019 
3020 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-04)
3021 # According to the Radio Reloj - Cuba will start Daylight Saving Time on
3022 # midnight between Saturday, March 07, 2009 and Sunday, March 08, 2009-
3023 # not on midnight March 14 / March 15 as previously thought.
3024 #
3025 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba05.html
3026 # (in Spanish)
3027 
3028 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-09)
3029 # I listened over the Internet to
3030 # http://media.enet.cu/readioreloj
3031 # this morning; when it was 10:05 a. m. here in Bethesda, Maryland the
3032 # the time was announced as "diez cinco" - the same time as here, indicating
3033 # that has indeed switched to DST. Assume second Sunday from 2009 forward.
3034 
3035 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-03-08):
3036 # Granma announced that Cuba is going to start DST on 2011-03-20 00:00:00
3037 # this year. Nothing about the end date known so far (if that has
3038 # changed at all).
3039 #
3040 # Source:
3041 # http://granma.co.cu/2011/03/08/nacional/artic01.html
3042 #
3043 # Our info:
3044 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2011.html
3045 #
3046 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-30)
3047 # Cuba will end DST two weeks later this year. Instead of going back
3048 # tonight, it has been delayed to 2011-11-13 at 01:00.
3049 #
3050 # One source (Spanish)
3051 # http://www.radioangulo.cu/noticias/cuba/17105-cuba-restablecera-el-horario-del-meridiano-de-greenwich.html
3052 #
3053 # Our page:
3054 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-time-changes-2011.html
3055 #
3056 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-01)
3057 # According to Radio Reloj, Cuba will start DST on Midnight between March
3058 # 31 and April 1.
3059 #
3060 # Radio Reloj has the following info (Spanish):
3061 # http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/71-miscelaneas/7529-cuba-aplicara-el-horario-de-verano-desde-el-1-de-abril
3062 #
3063 # Our info on it:
3064 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2012.html
3065 
3066 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-11-03):
3067 # Radio Reloj and many other sources report that Cuba is changing back
3068 # to standard time on 2012-11-04:
3069 # http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/36-nacionales/9961-regira-horario-normal-en-cuba-desde-el-domingo-cuatro-de-noviembre
3070 # From Paul Eggert (2012-11-03):
3071 # For now, assume the future rule is first Sunday in November.
3072 
3073 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
3074 Rule    Cuba    1928    only    -       Jun     10      0:00    1:00    D
3075 Rule    Cuba    1928    only    -       Oct     10      0:00    0       S
3076 Rule    Cuba    1940    1942    -       Jun     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
3077 Rule    Cuba    1940    1942    -       Sep     Sun>=1       0:00    0       S
3078 Rule    Cuba    1945    1946    -       Jun     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
3079 Rule    Cuba    1945    1946    -       Sep     Sun>=1       0:00    0       S
3080 Rule    Cuba    1965    only    -       Jun     1       0:00    1:00    D
3081 Rule    Cuba    1965    only    -       Sep     30      0:00    0       S
3082 Rule    Cuba    1966    only    -       May     29      0:00    1:00    D
3083 Rule    Cuba    1966    only    -       Oct     2       0:00    0       S
3084 Rule    Cuba    1967    only    -       Apr     8       0:00    1:00    D
3085 Rule    Cuba    1967    1968    -       Sep     Sun>=8       0:00    0       S
3086 Rule    Cuba    1968    only    -       Apr     14      0:00    1:00    D
3087 Rule    Cuba    1969    1977    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    1:00    D
3088 Rule    Cuba    1969    1971    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00    0       S
3089 Rule    Cuba    1972    1974    -       Oct     8       0:00    0       S
3090 Rule    Cuba    1975    1977    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00    0       S
3091 Rule    Cuba    1978    only    -       May     7       0:00    1:00    D
3092 Rule    Cuba    1978    1990    -       Oct     Sun>=8       0:00    0       S
3093 Rule    Cuba    1979    1980    -       Mar     Sun>=15      0:00    1:00    D
3094 Rule    Cuba    1981    1985    -       May     Sun>=5       0:00    1:00    D
3095 Rule    Cuba    1986    1989    -       Mar     Sun>=14      0:00    1:00    D
3096 Rule    Cuba    1990    1997    -       Apr     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
3097 Rule    Cuba    1991    1995    -       Oct     Sun>=8       0:00s   0       S
3098 Rule    Cuba    1996    only    -       Oct      6      0:00s   0       S
3099 Rule    Cuba    1997    only    -       Oct     12      0:00s   0       S
3100 Rule    Cuba    1998    1999    -       Mar     lastSun 0:00s   1:00    D
3101 Rule    Cuba    1998    2003    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00s   0       S
3102 Rule    Cuba    2000    2003    -       Apr     Sun>=1       0:00s   1:00    D
3103 Rule    Cuba    2004    only    -       Mar     lastSun 0:00s   1:00    D
3104 Rule    Cuba    2006    2010    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00s   0       S
3105 Rule    Cuba    2007    only    -       Mar     Sun>=8       0:00s   1:00    D
3106 Rule    Cuba    2008    only    -       Mar     Sun>=15      0:00s   1:00    D
3107 Rule    Cuba    2009    2010    -       Mar     Sun>=8       0:00s   1:00    D
3108 Rule    Cuba    2011    only    -       Mar     Sun>=15      0:00s   1:00    D
3109 Rule    Cuba    2011    only    -       Nov     13      0:00s   0       S
3110 Rule    Cuba    2012    only    -       Apr     1       0:00s   1:00    D
3111 Rule    Cuba    2012    max     -       Nov     Sun>=1       0:00s   0       S
3112 Rule    Cuba    2013    max     -       Mar     Sun>=8       0:00s   1:00    D
3113 
3114 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3115 Zone    America/Havana  -5:29:28 -      LMT     1890
3116                         -5:29:36 -      HMT     1925 Jul 19 12:00 # Havana MT
3117                         -5:00   Cuba    C%sT
3118 
3119 # Dominica
3120 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3121 
3122 # Dominican Republic
3123 
3124 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-30):
3125 # Enrique Morales reported to me that the Dominican Republic has changed the
3126 # time zone to Eastern Standard Time as of Sunday 29 at 2 am....
3127 # http://www.listin.com.do/antes/261000/republica/princi.html
3128 
3129 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
3130 # That URL (2000-10-26, in Spanish) says they planned to use US-style DST.
3131 
3132 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
3133 # Dominican Republic changed its mind and presidential decree on Tuesday,
3134 # November 28, 2000, with a new decree.  On Sunday, December 3 at 1:00 AM the
3135 # Dominican Republic will be reverting to 8 hours from the International Date
3136 # Line, and will not be using DST in the foreseeable future.  The reason they
3137 # decided to use DST was to be in synch with Puerto Rico, who was also going
3138 # to implement DST.  When Puerto Rico didn't implement DST, the president
3139 # decided to revert.
3140 
3141 
3142 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
3143 Rule    DR      1966    only    -       Oct     30      0:00    1:00    EDT
3144 Rule    DR      1967    only    -       Feb     28      0:00    0       EST
3145 Rule    DR      1969    1973    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00    0:30    -0430
3146 Rule    DR      1970    only    -       Feb     21      0:00    0       EST
3147 Rule    DR      1971    only    -       Jan     20      0:00    0       EST
3148 Rule    DR      1972    1974    -       Jan     21      0:00    0       EST
3149 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3150 Zone America/Santo_Domingo -4:39:36 -   LMT     1890
3151                         -4:40   -       SDMT    1933 Apr  1 12:00 # S. Dom. MT
3152                         -5:00   DR      %s      1974 Oct 27
3153                         -4:00   -       AST     2000 Oct 29  2:00
3154                         -5:00   US      E%sT    2000 Dec  3  1:00
3155                         -4:00   -       AST
3156 
3157 # El Salvador
3158 
3159 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
3160 Rule    Salv    1987    1988    -       May     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
3161 Rule    Salv    1987    1988    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    0       S
3162 # There are too many San Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/El_Salvador
3163 # instead of America/San_Salvador.
3164 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3165 Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 -     LMT     1921 # San Salvador
3166                         -6:00   Salv    C%sT
3167 
3168 # Grenada
3169 # Guadeloupe
3170 # St Barthélemy
3171 # St Martin (French part)
3172 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3173 
3174 # Guatemala
3175 #
3176 # From Gwillim Law (2006-04-22), after a heads-up from Oscar van Vlijmen:
3177 # Diario Co Latino, at
3178 # <http://www.diariocolatino.com/internacionales/detalles.asp?NewsID=8079>,
3179 # says in an article dated 2006-04-19 that the Guatemalan government had
3180 # decided on that date to advance official time by 60 minutes, to lessen the
3181 # impact of the elevated cost of oil....  Daylight saving time will last from
3182 # 2006-04-29 24:00 (Guatemalan standard time) to 2006-09-30 (time unspecified).
3183 # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-22):
3184 # The Ministry of Energy and Mines, press release CP-15/2006
3185 # (2006-04-19), says DST ends at 24:00.  See
3186 # http://www.sieca.org.gt/Sitio_publico/Energeticos/Doc/Medidas/Cambio_Horario_Nac_190406.pdf
3187 
3188 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
3189 Rule    Guat    1973    only    -       Nov     25      0:00    1:00    D
3190 Rule    Guat    1974    only    -       Feb     24      0:00    0       S
3191 Rule    Guat    1983    only    -       May     21      0:00    1:00    D
3192 Rule    Guat    1983    only    -       Sep     22      0:00    0       S
3193 Rule    Guat    1991    only    -       Mar     23      0:00    1:00    D
3194 Rule    Guat    1991    only    -       Sep      7      0:00    0       S
3195 Rule    Guat    2006    only    -       Apr     30      0:00    1:00    D
3196 Rule    Guat    2006    only    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       S
3197 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3198 Zone America/Guatemala  -6:02:04 -      LMT     1918 Oct 5
3199                         -6:00   Guat    C%sT
3200 
3201 # Haiti
3202 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-15):
3203 # Risto O. Nykänen wrote me that Haiti is now on DST.
3204 # I searched for confirmation, and I found a press release
3205 # on the Web page of the Haitian Consulate in Chicago (2005-03-31),
3206 # <http://www.haitianconsulate.org/time.doc>.  Translated from French, it says:
3207 #
3208 #  "The Prime Minister's Communication Office notifies the public in general
3209 #   and the press in particular that, following a decision of the Interior
3210 #   Ministry and the Territorial Collectivities [I suppose that means the
3211 #   provinces], Haiti will move to Eastern Daylight Time in the night from next
3212 #   Saturday the 2nd to Sunday the 3rd.
3213 #
3214 #  "Consequently, the Prime Minister's Communication Office wishes to inform
3215 #   the population that the country's clocks will be set forward one hour
3216 #   starting at midnight.  This provision will hold until the last Saturday in
3217 #   October 2005.
3218 #
3219 #  "Port-au-Prince, March 31, 2005"
3220 #
3221 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-04-04):
3222 # I have been informed by users that Haiti observes DST this year like
3223 # last year, so the current "only" rule for 2005 might be changed to a
3224 # "max" rule or to last until 2006. (Who knows if they will observe DST
3225 # next year or if they will extend their DST like US/Canada next year).
3226 #
3227 # I have found this article about it (in French):
3228 # http://www.haitipressnetwork.com/news.cfm?articleID=7612
3229 #
3230 # The reason seems to be an energy crisis.
3231 
3232 # From Stephen Colebourne (2007-02-22):
3233 # Some IATA info: Haiti won't be having DST in 2007.
3234 
3235 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-11):
3236 # According to several news sources, Haiti will observe DST this year,
3237 # apparently using the same start and end date as USA/Canada.
3238 # So this means they have already changed their time.
3239 #
3240 # http://www.alterpresse.org/spip.php?article12510
3241 # http://radiovision2000haiti.net/home/?p=13253
3242 #
3243 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-11):
3244 # The alterpresse.org source seems to show a US-style leap from 2:00 a.m. to
3245 # 3:00 a.m. rather than the traditional Haitian jump at midnight.
3246 # Assume a US-style fall back as well.
3247 
3248 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-10):
3249 # It appears that Haiti is observing DST this year as well, same rules
3250 # as US/Canada.  They did it last year as well, and it looks like they
3251 # are going to observe DST every year now...
3252 #
3253 # http://radiovision2000haiti.net/public/haiti-avis-changement-dheure-dimanche/
3254 # http://www.canalplushaiti.net/?p=6714
3255 
3256 # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-12):
3257 # Jean Antoine, editor of www.haiti-reference.com informed us that Haiti
3258 # are not going on DST this year.  Several other resources confirm this: ...
3259 # https://www.radiotelevisioncaraibes.com/presse/heure_d_t_pas_de_changement_d_heure_pr_vu_pour_cet_ann_e.html
3260 # https://www.vantbefinfo.com/changement-dheure-pas-pour-haiti/
3261 # http://news.anmwe.com/haiti-lheure-nationale-ne-sera-ni-avancee-ni-reculee-cette-annee/
3262 
3263 # From Steffen Thorsen (2017-03-12):
3264 # We have received 4 mails from different people telling that Haiti
3265 # has started DST again today, and this source seems to confirm that,
3266 # I have not been able to find a more authoritative source:
3267 # https://www.haitilibre.com/en/news-20319-haiti-notices-time-change-in-haiti.html
3268 
3269 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
3270 Rule    Haiti   1983    only    -       May     8       0:00    1:00    D
3271 Rule    Haiti   1984    1987    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    1:00    D
3272 Rule    Haiti   1983    1987    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00    0       S
3273 # Shanks & Pottenger say AT is 2:00, but IATA SSIM (1991/1997) says 1:00s.
3274 # Go with IATA.
3275 Rule    Haiti   1988    1997    -       Apr     Sun>=1       1:00s   1:00    D
3276 Rule    Haiti   1988    1997    -       Oct     lastSun 1:00s   0       S
3277 Rule    Haiti   2005    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
3278 Rule    Haiti   2005    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00    0       S
3279 Rule    Haiti   2012    2015    -       Mar     Sun>=8       2:00    1:00    D
3280 Rule    Haiti   2012    2015    -       Nov     Sun>=1       2:00    0       S
3281 Rule    Haiti   2017    max     -       Mar     Sun>=8       2:00    1:00    D
3282 Rule    Haiti   2017    max     -       Nov     Sun>=1       2:00    0       S
3283 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3284 Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 -  LMT     1890
3285                         -4:49   -       PPMT    1917 Jan 24 12:00 # P-a-P MT
3286                         -5:00   Haiti   E%sT
3287 
3288 # Honduras
3289 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1921 Jan 1; go with Whitman's more precise Apr 1.
3290 
3291 # From Paul Eggert (2006-05-05):
3292 # worldtimezone.com reports a 2006-05-02 Spanish-language AP article
3293 # saying Honduras will start using DST midnight Saturday, effective 4
3294 # months until September.  La Tribuna reported today
3295 # <http://www.latribuna.hn/99299.html> that Manuel Zelaya, the president
3296 # of Honduras, refused to back down on this.
3297 
3298 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-08-08):
3299 # It seems that Honduras has returned from DST to standard time this Monday at
3300 # 00:00 hours (prolonging Sunday to 25 hours duration).
3301 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_honduras04.html
3302 
3303 # From Paul Eggert (2006-08-08):
3304 # Also see Diario El Heraldo, The country returns to standard time (2006-08-08).
3305 # http://www.elheraldo.hn/nota.php?nid=54941&sec=12
3306 # It mentions executive decree 18-2006.
3307 
3308 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
3309 # Honduras will observe DST from 2007 to 2009, exact dates are not
3310 # published, I have located this authoritative source:
3311 # http://www.presidencia.gob.hn/noticia.aspx?nId=47
3312 
3313 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-30):
3314 # http://www.laprensahn.com/pais_nota.php?id04962=7386
3315 # So it seems that Honduras will not enter DST this year....
3316 
3317 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
3318 Rule    Hond    1987    1988    -       May     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
3319 Rule    Hond    1987    1988    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    0       S
3320 Rule    Hond    2006    only    -       May     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
3321 Rule    Hond    2006    only    -       Aug     Mon>=1       0:00    0       S
3322 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3323 Zone America/Tegucigalpa -5:48:52 -     LMT     1921 Apr
3324                         -6:00   Hond    C%sT
3325 #
3326 # Great Swan I ceded by US to Honduras in 1972
3327 
3328 # Jamaica
3329 # Shanks & Pottenger give -5:07:12, but Milne records -5:07:10.41 from an
3330 # unspecified official document, and says "This time is used throughout the
3331 # island".  Go with Milne.  Round to the nearest second as required by zic.
3332 #
3333 # Shanks & Pottenger give April 28 for the 1974 spring-forward transition, but
3334 # Lance Neita writes that Prime Minister Michael Manley decreed it January 5.
3335 # Assume Neita meant Jan 6 02:00, the same as the US.  Neita also writes that
3336 # Manley's supporters associated this act with Manley's nickname "Joshua"
3337 # (recall that in the Bible the sun stood still at Joshua's request),
3338 # and with the Rod of Correction which Manley said he had received from
3339 # Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia.  See:
3340 # Neita L. The politician in all of us. Jamaica Observer 2014-09-20
3341 # http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/columns/The-politician-in-all-of-us_17573647
3342 #
3343 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3344 Zone    America/Jamaica -5:07:10 -      LMT     1890        # Kingston
3345                         -5:07:10 -      KMT     1912 Feb    # Kingston Mean Time
3346                         -5:00   -       EST     1974
3347                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1984
3348                         -5:00   -       EST
3349 
3350 # Martinique
3351 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3352 Zone America/Martinique -4:04:20 -      LMT     1890        # Fort-de-France
3353                         -4:04:20 -      FFMT    1911 May    # Fort-de-France MT
3354                         -4:00   -       AST     1980 Apr  6
3355                         -4:00   1:00    ADT     1980 Sep 28
3356                         -4:00   -       AST
3357 
3358 # Montserrat
3359 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3360 
3361 # Nicaragua
3362 #
3363 # This uses Shanks & Pottenger for times before 2005.
3364 #
3365 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-04-12):
3366 # I've got reports from 8 different people that Nicaragua just started
3367 # DST on Sunday 2005-04-10, in order to save energy because of
3368 # expensive petroleum.  The exact end date for DST is not yet
3369 # announced, only "September" but some sites also say "mid-September".
3370 # Some background information is available on the President's official site:
3371 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/Presidencia/Files_index/Secretaria/Notas%20de%20Prensa/Presidente/2005/ABRIL/Gobierno-de-nicaragua-adelanta-hora-oficial-06abril.htm
3372 # The Decree, no 23-2005 is available here:
3373 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2005/Decreto%2023-2005%20Se%20adelanta%20en%20una%20hora%20en%20todo%20el%20territorio%20nacional%20apartir%20de%20las%2024horas%20del%2009%20de%20Abril.pdf
3374 #
3375 # From Paul Eggert (2005-05-01):
3376 # The decree doesn't say anything about daylight saving, but for now let's
3377 # assume that it is daylight saving....
3378 #
3379 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-21):
3380 # The Associated Press story on the time change, which can be found at
3381 # http://www.lapalmainteractivo.com/guias/content/gen/ap/America_Latina/AMC_GEN_NICARAGUA_HORA.html
3382 # and elsewhere, says (fifth paragraph, translated from Spanish): "The last
3383 # time that a change of clocks was applied to save energy was in the year 2000
3384 # during the Arnoldo Alemán administration."...
3385 # The northamerica file says that Nicaragua has been on UTC-6 continuously
3386 # since December 1998.  I wasn't able to find any details of Nicaraguan time
3387 # changes in 2000.  Perhaps a note could be added to the northamerica file, to
3388 # the effect that we have indirect evidence that DST was observed in 2000.
3389 #
3390 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-11-02):
3391 # Nicaragua left DST the 2005-10-02 at 00:00 (local time).
3392 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/presidencia/files_index/secretaria/comunicados/2005/septiembre/26septiembre-cambio-hora.htm
3393 # (2005-09-26)
3394 #
3395 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-05-05):
3396 # http://www.elnuevodiario.com.ni/2006/05/01/nacionales/18410
3397 # (my informal translation)
3398 # By order of the president of the republic, Enrique Bolaños, Nicaragua
3399 # advanced by sixty minutes their official time, yesterday at 2 in the
3400 # morning, and will stay that way until 30th of September.
3401 #
3402 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-09-30):
3403 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2006/D-063-2006P-PRN-Cambio-Hora.pdf
3404 # My informal translation runs:
3405 # The natural sun time is restored in all the national territory, in that the
3406 # time is returned one hour at 01:00 am of October 1 of 2006.
3407 #
3408 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
3409 Rule    Nic     1979    1980    -       Mar     Sun>=16      0:00    1:00    D
3410 Rule    Nic     1979    1980    -       Jun     Mon>=23      0:00    0       S
3411 Rule    Nic     2005    only    -       Apr     10      0:00    1:00    D
3412 Rule    Nic     2005    only    -       Oct     Sun>=1       0:00    0       S
3413 Rule    Nic     2006    only    -       Apr     30      2:00    1:00    D
3414 Rule    Nic     2006    only    -       Oct     Sun>=1       1:00    0       S
3415 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3416 Zone    America/Managua -5:45:08 -      LMT     1890
3417                         -5:45:12 -      MMT     1934 Jun 23 # Managua Mean Time?
3418                         -6:00   -       CST     1973 May
3419                         -5:00   -       EST     1975 Feb 16
3420                         -6:00   Nic     C%sT    1992 Jan  1  4:00
3421                         -5:00   -       EST     1992 Sep 24
3422                         -6:00   -       CST     1993
3423                         -5:00   -       EST     1997
3424                         -6:00   Nic     C%sT
3425 
3426 # Panama
3427 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3428 Zone    America/Panama  -5:18:08 -      LMT     1890
3429                         -5:19:36 -      CMT     1908 Apr 22 # Colón Mean Time
3430                         -5:00   -       EST
3431 Link America/Panama America/Cayman
3432 
3433 # Puerto Rico
3434 # There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use 'Puerto_Rico'.
3435 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3436 Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 -     LMT     1899 Mar 28 12:00 # San Juan
3437                         -4:00   -       AST     1942 May  3
3438                         -4:00   US      A%sT    1946
3439                         -4:00   -       AST
3440 
3441 # St Kitts-Nevis
3442 # St Lucia
3443 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3444 
3445 # St Pierre and Miquelon
3446 # There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use 'Miquelon'.
3447 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3448 Zone America/Miquelon   -3:44:40 -      LMT     1911 May 15 # St Pierre
3449                         -4:00   -       AST     1980 May
3450                         -3:00   -       -03     1987
3451                         -3:00   Canada  -03/-02
3452 
3453 # St Vincent and the Grenadines
3454 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3455 
3456 # Turks and Caicos
3457 #
3458 # From Chris Dunn in
3459 # https://bugs.debian.org/415007
3460 # (2007-03-15): In the Turks & Caicos Islands (America/Grand_Turk) the
3461 # daylight saving dates for time changes have been adjusted to match
3462 # the recent U.S. change of dates.
3463 #
3464 # From Brian Inglis (2007-04-28):
3465 # http://www.turksandcaicos.tc/calendar/index.htm [2007-04-26]
3466 # there is an entry for Nov 4 "Daylight Savings Time Ends 2007" and three
3467 # rows before that there is an out of date entry for Oct:
3468 # "Eastern Standard Times Begins 2007
3469 # Clocks are set back one hour at 2:00 a.m. local Daylight Saving Time"
3470 # indicating that the normal ET rules are followed.
3471 #
3472 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-19):
3473 # The 2014-08-13 Cabinet meeting decided to stay on UT -04 year-round.  See:
3474 # http://tcweeklynews.com/daylight-savings-time-to-be-maintained-p5353-127.htm
3475 # Model this as a switch from EST/EDT to AST ...
3476 # From Chris Walton (2014-11-04):
3477 # ... the TCI government appears to have delayed the switch to
3478 # "permanent daylight saving time" by one year....
3479 # http://tcweeklynews.com/time-change-to-go-ahead-this-november-p5437-127.htm
3480 #
3481 # From the Turks & Caicos Cabinet (2017-07-20), heads-up from Steffen Thorsen:
3482 # ... agreed to the reintroduction in TCI of Daylight Saving Time (DST)
3483 # during the summer months and Standard Time, also known as Local
3484 # Time, during the winter months with effect from April 2018 ...
3485 # https://www.gov.uk/government/news/turks-and-caicos-post-cabinet-meeting-statement--3
3486 #
3487 # From Paul Eggert (2017-08-26):
3488 # The date of effect of the spring 2018 change appears to be March 11,
3489 # which makes more sense.  See: Hamilton D. Time change back
3490 # by March 2018 for TCI. Magnetic Media. 2017-08-25.
3491 # http://magneticmediatv.com/2017/08/time-change-back-by-march-2018-for-tci/
3492 #
3493 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3494 Zone America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 -      LMT     1890
3495                         -5:07:10 -      KMT     1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
3496                         -5:00   -       EST     1979
3497                         -5:00   US      E%sT    2015 Nov Sun>=1 2:00
3498                         -4:00   -       AST     2018 Mar 11 3:00
3499                         -5:00   US      E%sT
3500 
3501 # British Virgin Is
3502 # Virgin Is
3503 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3504 
3505 
3506 # Local Variables:
3507 # coding: utf-8
3508 # End: