1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2012, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
  10  *
  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  20  *
  21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  23  * questions.
  24  */
  25 
  26 /*
  27  * This file is available under and governed by the GNU General Public
  28  * License version 2 only, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
  29  * However, the following notice accompanied the original version of this
  30  * file:
  31  *
  32  * Copyright (c) 2008-2012, Stephen Colebourne & Michael Nascimento Santos
  33  *
  34  * All rights reserved.
  35  *
  36  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  37  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
  38  *
  39  *  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
  40  *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  41  *
  42  *  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
  43  *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
  44  *    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  45  *
  46  *  * Neither the name of JSR-310 nor the names of its contributors
  47  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
  48  *    without specific prior written permission.
  49  *
  50  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
  51  * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
  52  * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
  53  * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
  54  * CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
  55  * EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
  56  * PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
  57  * PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
  58  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
  59  * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
  60  * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
  61  */
  62 package java.time.format;
  63 
  64 import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH;
  65 import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.HOUR_OF_DAY;
  66 import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.INSTANT_SECONDS;
  67 import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.MINUTE_OF_HOUR;
  68 import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR;
  69 import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.NANO_OF_SECOND;
  70 import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.OFFSET_SECONDS;
  71 import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.SECOND_OF_MINUTE;
  72 import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.YEAR;
  73 import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.ERA;
  74 
  75 import java.lang.ref.SoftReference;
  76 import java.math.BigDecimal;
  77 import java.math.BigInteger;
  78 import java.math.RoundingMode;
  79 import java.text.ParsePosition;
  80 import java.time.DateTimeException;
  81 import java.time.Instant;
  82 import java.time.LocalDate;
  83 import java.time.LocalDateTime;
  84 import java.time.ZoneId;
  85 import java.time.ZoneOffset;
  86 import java.time.chrono.ChronoLocalDate;
  87 import java.time.chrono.Chronology;
  88 import java.time.chrono.Era;
  89 import java.time.chrono.IsoChronology;
  90 import java.time.format.DateTimeTextProvider.LocaleStore;
  91 import java.time.temporal.ChronoField;
  92 import java.time.temporal.IsoFields;
  93 import java.time.temporal.TemporalAccessor;
  94 import java.time.temporal.TemporalField;
  95 import java.time.temporal.TemporalQueries;
  96 import java.time.temporal.TemporalQuery;
  97 import java.time.temporal.ValueRange;
  98 import java.time.temporal.WeekFields;
  99 import java.time.zone.ZoneRulesProvider;
 100 import java.util.AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry;
 101 import java.util.ArrayList;
 102 import java.util.Arrays;
 103 import java.util.Collections;
 104 import java.util.Comparator;
 105 import java.util.HashMap;
 106 import java.util.HashSet;
 107 import java.util.Iterator;
 108 import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
 109 import java.util.List;
 110 import java.util.Locale;
 111 import java.util.Map;
 112 import java.util.Map.Entry;
 113 import java.util.Objects;
 114 import java.util.Set;
 115 import java.util.TimeZone;
 116 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
 117 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
 118 
 119 import sun.util.locale.provider.LocaleProviderAdapter;
 120 import sun.util.locale.provider.LocaleResources;
 121 import sun.util.locale.provider.TimeZoneNameUtility;
 122 
 123 /**
 124  * Builder to create date-time formatters.
 125  * <p>
 126  * This allows a {@code DateTimeFormatter} to be created.
 127  * All date-time formatters are created ultimately using this builder.
 128  * <p>
 129  * The basic elements of date-time can all be added:
 130  * <ul>
 131  * <li>Value - a numeric value</li>
 132  * <li>Fraction - a fractional value including the decimal place. Always use this when
 133  * outputting fractions to ensure that the fraction is parsed correctly</li>
 134  * <li>Text - the textual equivalent for the value</li>
 135  * <li>OffsetId/Offset - the {@linkplain ZoneOffset zone offset}</li>
 136  * <li>ZoneId - the {@linkplain ZoneId time-zone} id</li>
 137  * <li>ZoneText - the name of the time-zone</li>
 138  * <li>ChronologyId - the {@linkplain Chronology chronology} id</li>
 139  * <li>ChronologyText - the name of the chronology</li>
 140  * <li>Literal - a text literal</li>
 141  * <li>Nested and Optional - formats can be nested or made optional</li>
 142  * </ul>
 143  * In addition, any of the elements may be decorated by padding, either with spaces or any other character.
 144  * <p>
 145  * Finally, a shorthand pattern, mostly compatible with {@code java.text.SimpleDateFormat SimpleDateFormat}
 146  * can be used, see {@link #appendPattern(String)}.
 147  * In practice, this simply parses the pattern and calls other methods on the builder.
 148  *
 149  * @implSpec
 150  * This class is a mutable builder intended for use from a single thread.
 151  *
 152  * @since 1.8
 153  */
 154 public final class DateTimeFormatterBuilder {
 155 
 156     /**
 157      * Query for a time-zone that is region-only.
 158      */
 159     private static final TemporalQuery<ZoneId> QUERY_REGION_ONLY = (temporal) -> {
 160         ZoneId zone = temporal.query(TemporalQueries.zoneId());
 161         return (zone != null && zone instanceof ZoneOffset == false ? zone : null);
 162     };
 163 
 164     /**
 165      * The currently active builder, used by the outermost builder.
 166      */
 167     private DateTimeFormatterBuilder active = this;
 168     /**
 169      * The parent builder, null for the outermost builder.
 170      */
 171     private final DateTimeFormatterBuilder parent;
 172     /**
 173      * The list of printers that will be used.
 174      */
 175     private final List<DateTimePrinterParser> printerParsers = new ArrayList<>();
 176     /**
 177      * Whether this builder produces an optional formatter.
 178      */
 179     private final boolean optional;
 180     /**
 181      * The width to pad the next field to.
 182      */
 183     private int padNextWidth;
 184     /**
 185      * The character to pad the next field with.
 186      */
 187     private char padNextChar;
 188     /**
 189      * The index of the last variable width value parser.
 190      */
 191     private int valueParserIndex = -1;
 192 
 193     /**
 194      * Gets the formatting pattern for date and time styles for a locale and chronology.
 195      * The locale and chronology are used to lookup the locale specific format
 196      * for the requested dateStyle and/or timeStyle.
 197      *
 198      * @param dateStyle  the FormatStyle for the date, null for time-only pattern
 199      * @param timeStyle  the FormatStyle for the time, null for date-only pattern
 200      * @param chrono  the Chronology, non-null
 201      * @param locale  the locale, non-null
 202      * @return the locale and Chronology specific formatting pattern
 203      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if both dateStyle and timeStyle are null
 204      */
 205     public static String getLocalizedDateTimePattern(FormatStyle dateStyle, FormatStyle timeStyle,
 206             Chronology chrono, Locale locale) {
 207         Objects.requireNonNull(locale, "locale");
 208         Objects.requireNonNull(chrono, "chrono");
 209         if (dateStyle == null && timeStyle == null) {
 210             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Either dateStyle or timeStyle must be non-null");
 211         }
 212         LocaleResources lr = LocaleProviderAdapter.getResourceBundleBased().getLocaleResources(locale);
 213         String pattern = lr.getJavaTimeDateTimePattern(
 214                 convertStyle(timeStyle), convertStyle(dateStyle), chrono.getCalendarType());
 215         return pattern;
 216     }
 217 
 218     /**
 219      * Converts the given FormatStyle to the java.text.DateFormat style.
 220      *
 221      * @param style  the FormatStyle style
 222      * @return the int style, or -1 if style is null, indicating un-required
 223      */
 224     private static int convertStyle(FormatStyle style) {
 225         if (style == null) {
 226             return -1;
 227         }
 228         return style.ordinal();  // indices happen to align
 229     }
 230 
 231     /**
 232      * Constructs a new instance of the builder.
 233      */
 234     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder() {
 235         super();
 236         parent = null;
 237         optional = false;
 238     }
 239 
 240     /**
 241      * Constructs a new instance of the builder.
 242      *
 243      * @param parent  the parent builder, not null
 244      * @param optional  whether the formatter is optional, not null
 245      */
 246     private DateTimeFormatterBuilder(DateTimeFormatterBuilder parent, boolean optional) {
 247         super();
 248         this.parent = parent;
 249         this.optional = optional;
 250     }
 251 
 252     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 253     /**
 254      * Changes the parse style to be case sensitive for the remainder of the formatter.
 255      * <p>
 256      * Parsing can be case sensitive or insensitive - by default it is case sensitive.
 257      * This method allows the case sensitivity setting of parsing to be changed.
 258      * <p>
 259      * Calling this method changes the state of the builder such that all
 260      * subsequent builder method calls will parse text in case sensitive mode.
 261      * See {@link #parseCaseInsensitive} for the opposite setting.
 262      * The parse case sensitive/insensitive methods may be called at any point
 263      * in the builder, thus the parser can swap between case parsing modes
 264      * multiple times during the parse.
 265      * <p>
 266      * Since the default is case sensitive, this method should only be used after
 267      * a previous call to {@code #parseCaseInsensitive}.
 268      *
 269      * @return this, for chaining, not null
 270      */
 271     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder parseCaseSensitive() {
 272         appendInternal(SettingsParser.SENSITIVE);
 273         return this;
 274     }
 275 
 276     /**
 277      * Changes the parse style to be case insensitive for the remainder of the formatter.
 278      * <p>
 279      * Parsing can be case sensitive or insensitive - by default it is case sensitive.
 280      * This method allows the case sensitivity setting of parsing to be changed.
 281      * <p>
 282      * Calling this method changes the state of the builder such that all
 283      * subsequent builder method calls will parse text in case insensitive mode.
 284      * See {@link #parseCaseSensitive()} for the opposite setting.
 285      * The parse case sensitive/insensitive methods may be called at any point
 286      * in the builder, thus the parser can swap between case parsing modes
 287      * multiple times during the parse.
 288      *
 289      * @return this, for chaining, not null
 290      */
 291     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder parseCaseInsensitive() {
 292         appendInternal(SettingsParser.INSENSITIVE);
 293         return this;
 294     }
 295 
 296     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 297     /**
 298      * Changes the parse style to be strict for the remainder of the formatter.
 299      * <p>
 300      * Parsing can be strict or lenient - by default its strict.
 301      * This controls the degree of flexibility in matching the text and sign styles.
 302      * <p>
 303      * When used, this method changes the parsing to be strict from this point onwards.
 304      * As strict is the default, this is normally only needed after calling {@link #parseLenient()}.
 305      * The change will remain in force until the end of the formatter that is eventually
 306      * constructed or until {@code parseLenient} is called.
 307      *
 308      * @return this, for chaining, not null
 309      */
 310     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder parseStrict() {
 311         appendInternal(SettingsParser.STRICT);
 312         return this;
 313     }
 314 
 315     /**
 316      * Changes the parse style to be lenient for the remainder of the formatter.
 317      * Note that case sensitivity is set separately to this method.
 318      * <p>
 319      * Parsing can be strict or lenient - by default its strict.
 320      * This controls the degree of flexibility in matching the text and sign styles.
 321      * Applications calling this method should typically also call {@link #parseCaseInsensitive()}.
 322      * <p>
 323      * When used, this method changes the parsing to be lenient from this point onwards.
 324      * The change will remain in force until the end of the formatter that is eventually
 325      * constructed or until {@code parseStrict} is called.
 326      *
 327      * @return this, for chaining, not null
 328      */
 329     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder parseLenient() {
 330         appendInternal(SettingsParser.LENIENT);
 331         return this;
 332     }
 333 
 334     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 335     /**
 336      * Appends a default value for a field to the formatter for use in parsing.
 337      * <p>
 338      * This appends an instruction to the builder to inject a default value
 339      * into the parsed result. This is especially useful in conjunction with
 340      * optional parts of the formatter.
 341      * <p>
 342      * For example, consider a formatter that parses the year, followed by
 343      * an optional month, with a further optional day-of-month. Using such a
 344      * formatter would require the calling code to check whether a full date,
 345      * year-month or just a year had been parsed. This method can be used to
 346      * default the month and day-of-month to a sensible value, such as the
 347      * first of the month, allowing the calling code to always get a date.
 348      * <p>
 349      * During formatting, this method has no effect.
 350      * <p>
 351      * During parsing, the current state of the parse is inspected.
 352      * If the specified field has no associated value, because it has not been
 353      * parsed successfully at that point, then the specified value is injected
 354      * into the parse result. Injection is immediate, thus the field-value pair
 355      * will be visible to any subsequent elements in the formatter.
 356      * As such, this method is normally called at the end of the builder.
 357      *
 358      * @param field  the field to default the value of, not null
 359      * @param value  the value to default the field to
 360      * @return this, for chaining, not null
 361      */
 362     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder parseDefaulting(TemporalField field, long value) {
 363         Objects.requireNonNull(field, "field");
 364         appendInternal(new DefaultValueParser(field, value));
 365         return this;
 366     }
 367 
 368     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 369     /**
 370      * Appends the value of a date-time field to the formatter using a normal
 371      * output style.
 372      * <p>
 373      * The value of the field will be output during a format.
 374      * If the value cannot be obtained then an exception will be thrown.
 375      * <p>
 376      * The value will be printed as per the normal format of an integer value.
 377      * Only negative numbers will be signed. No padding will be added.
 378      * <p>
 379      * The parser for a variable width value such as this normally behaves greedily,
 380      * requiring one digit, but accepting as many digits as possible.
 381      * This behavior can be affected by 'adjacent value parsing'.
 382      * See {@link #appendValue(java.time.temporal.TemporalField, int)} for full details.
 383      *
 384      * @param field  the field to append, not null
 385      * @return this, for chaining, not null
 386      */
 387     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendValue(TemporalField field) {
 388         Objects.requireNonNull(field, "field");
 389         appendValue(new NumberPrinterParser(field, 1, 19, SignStyle.NORMAL));
 390         return this;
 391     }
 392 
 393     /**
 394      * Appends the value of a date-time field to the formatter using a fixed
 395      * width, zero-padded approach.
 396      * <p>
 397      * The value of the field will be output during a format.
 398      * If the value cannot be obtained then an exception will be thrown.
 399      * <p>
 400      * The value will be zero-padded on the left. If the size of the value
 401      * means that it cannot be printed within the width then an exception is thrown.
 402      * If the value of the field is negative then an exception is thrown during formatting.
 403      * <p>
 404      * This method supports a special technique of parsing known as 'adjacent value parsing'.
 405      * This technique solves the problem where a value, variable or fixed width, is followed by one or more
 406      * fixed length values. The standard parser is greedy, and thus it would normally
 407      * steal the digits that are needed by the fixed width value parsers that follow the
 408      * variable width one.
 409      * <p>
 410      * No action is required to initiate 'adjacent value parsing'.
 411      * When a call to {@code appendValue} is made, the builder
 412      * enters adjacent value parsing setup mode. If the immediately subsequent method
 413      * call or calls on the same builder are for a fixed width value, then the parser will reserve
 414      * space so that the fixed width values can be parsed.
 415      * <p>
 416      * For example, consider {@code builder.appendValue(YEAR).appendValue(MONTH_OF_YEAR, 2);}
 417      * The year is a variable width parse of between 1 and 19 digits.
 418      * The month is a fixed width parse of 2 digits.
 419      * Because these were appended to the same builder immediately after one another,
 420      * the year parser will reserve two digits for the month to parse.
 421      * Thus, the text '201106' will correctly parse to a year of 2011 and a month of 6.
 422      * Without adjacent value parsing, the year would greedily parse all six digits and leave
 423      * nothing for the month.
 424      * <p>
 425      * Adjacent value parsing applies to each set of fixed width not-negative values in the parser
 426      * that immediately follow any kind of value, variable or fixed width.
 427      * Calling any other append method will end the setup of adjacent value parsing.
 428      * Thus, in the unlikely event that you need to avoid adjacent value parsing behavior,
 429      * simply add the {@code appendValue} to another {@code DateTimeFormatterBuilder}
 430      * and add that to this builder.
 431      * <p>
 432      * If adjacent parsing is active, then parsing must match exactly the specified
 433      * number of digits in both strict and lenient modes.
 434      * In addition, no positive or negative sign is permitted.
 435      *
 436      * @param field  the field to append, not null
 437      * @param width  the width of the printed field, from 1 to 19
 438      * @return this, for chaining, not null
 439      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the width is invalid
 440      */
 441     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendValue(TemporalField field, int width) {
 442         Objects.requireNonNull(field, "field");
 443         if (width < 1 || width > 19) {
 444             throw new IllegalArgumentException("The width must be from 1 to 19 inclusive but was " + width);
 445         }
 446         NumberPrinterParser pp = new NumberPrinterParser(field, width, width, SignStyle.NOT_NEGATIVE);
 447         appendValue(pp);
 448         return this;
 449     }
 450 
 451     /**
 452      * Appends the value of a date-time field to the formatter providing full
 453      * control over formatting.
 454      * <p>
 455      * The value of the field will be output during a format.
 456      * If the value cannot be obtained then an exception will be thrown.
 457      * <p>
 458      * This method provides full control of the numeric formatting, including
 459      * zero-padding and the positive/negative sign.
 460      * <p>
 461      * The parser for a variable width value such as this normally behaves greedily,
 462      * accepting as many digits as possible.
 463      * This behavior can be affected by 'adjacent value parsing'.
 464      * See {@link #appendValue(java.time.temporal.TemporalField, int)} for full details.
 465      * <p>
 466      * In strict parsing mode, the minimum number of parsed digits is {@code minWidth}
 467      * and the maximum is {@code maxWidth}.
 468      * In lenient parsing mode, the minimum number of parsed digits is one
 469      * and the maximum is 19 (except as limited by adjacent value parsing).
 470      * <p>
 471      * If this method is invoked with equal minimum and maximum widths and a sign style of
 472      * {@code NOT_NEGATIVE} then it delegates to {@code appendValue(TemporalField,int)}.
 473      * In this scenario, the formatting and parsing behavior described there occur.
 474      *
 475      * @param field  the field to append, not null
 476      * @param minWidth  the minimum field width of the printed field, from 1 to 19
 477      * @param maxWidth  the maximum field width of the printed field, from 1 to 19
 478      * @param signStyle  the positive/negative output style, not null
 479      * @return this, for chaining, not null
 480      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the widths are invalid
 481      */
 482     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendValue(
 483             TemporalField field, int minWidth, int maxWidth, SignStyle signStyle) {
 484         if (minWidth == maxWidth && signStyle == SignStyle.NOT_NEGATIVE) {
 485             return appendValue(field, maxWidth);
 486         }
 487         Objects.requireNonNull(field, "field");
 488         Objects.requireNonNull(signStyle, "signStyle");
 489         if (minWidth < 1 || minWidth > 19) {
 490             throw new IllegalArgumentException("The minimum width must be from 1 to 19 inclusive but was " + minWidth);
 491         }
 492         if (maxWidth < 1 || maxWidth > 19) {
 493             throw new IllegalArgumentException("The maximum width must be from 1 to 19 inclusive but was " + maxWidth);
 494         }
 495         if (maxWidth < minWidth) {
 496             throw new IllegalArgumentException("The maximum width must exceed or equal the minimum width but " +
 497                     maxWidth + " < " + minWidth);
 498         }
 499         NumberPrinterParser pp = new NumberPrinterParser(field, minWidth, maxWidth, signStyle);
 500         appendValue(pp);
 501         return this;
 502     }
 503 
 504     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 505     /**
 506      * Appends the reduced value of a date-time field to the formatter.
 507      * <p>
 508      * Since fields such as year vary by chronology, it is recommended to use the
 509      * {@link #appendValueReduced(TemporalField, int, int, ChronoLocalDate)} date}
 510      * variant of this method in most cases. This variant is suitable for
 511      * simple fields or working with only the ISO chronology.
 512      * <p>
 513      * For formatting, the {@code width} and {@code maxWidth} are used to
 514      * determine the number of characters to format.
 515      * If they are equal then the format is fixed width.
 516      * If the value of the field is within the range of the {@code baseValue} using
 517      * {@code width} characters then the reduced value is formatted otherwise the value is
 518      * truncated to fit {@code maxWidth}.
 519      * The rightmost characters are output to match the width, left padding with zero.
 520      * <p>
 521      * For strict parsing, the number of characters allowed by {@code width} to {@code maxWidth} are parsed.
 522      * For lenient parsing, the number of characters must be at least 1 and less than 10.
 523      * If the number of digits parsed is equal to {@code width} and the value is positive,
 524      * the value of the field is computed to be the first number greater than
 525      * or equal to the {@code baseValue} with the same least significant characters,
 526      * otherwise the value parsed is the field value.
 527      * This allows a reduced value to be entered for values in range of the baseValue
 528      * and width and absolute values can be entered for values outside the range.
 529      * <p>
 530      * For example, a base value of {@code 1980} and a width of {@code 2} will have
 531      * valid values from {@code 1980} to {@code 2079}.
 532      * During parsing, the text {@code "12"} will result in the value {@code 2012} as that
 533      * is the value within the range where the last two characters are "12".
 534      * By contrast, parsing the text {@code "1915"} will result in the value {@code 1915}.
 535      *
 536      * @param field  the field to append, not null
 537      * @param width  the field width of the printed and parsed field, from 1 to 10
 538      * @param maxWidth  the maximum field width of the printed field, from 1 to 10
 539      * @param baseValue  the base value of the range of valid values
 540      * @return this, for chaining, not null
 541      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the width or base value is invalid
 542      */
 543     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendValueReduced(TemporalField field,
 544             int width, int maxWidth, int baseValue) {
 545         Objects.requireNonNull(field, "field");
 546         ReducedPrinterParser pp = new ReducedPrinterParser(field, width, maxWidth, baseValue, null);
 547         appendValue(pp);
 548         return this;
 549     }
 550 
 551     /**
 552      * Appends the reduced value of a date-time field to the formatter.
 553      * <p>
 554      * This is typically used for formatting and parsing a two digit year.
 555      * <p>
 556      * The base date is used to calculate the full value during parsing.
 557      * For example, if the base date is 1950-01-01 then parsed values for
 558      * a two digit year parse will be in the range 1950-01-01 to 2049-12-31.
 559      * Only the year would be extracted from the date, thus a base date of
 560      * 1950-08-25 would also parse to the range 1950-01-01 to 2049-12-31.
 561      * This behavior is necessary to support fields such as week-based-year
 562      * or other calendar systems where the parsed value does not align with
 563      * standard ISO years.
 564      * <p>
 565      * The exact behavior is as follows. Parse the full set of fields and
 566      * determine the effective chronology using the last chronology if
 567      * it appears more than once. Then convert the base date to the
 568      * effective chronology. Then extract the specified field from the
 569      * chronology-specific base date and use it to determine the
 570      * {@code baseValue} used below.
 571      * <p>
 572      * For formatting, the {@code width} and {@code maxWidth} are used to
 573      * determine the number of characters to format.
 574      * If they are equal then the format is fixed width.
 575      * If the value of the field is within the range of the {@code baseValue} using
 576      * {@code width} characters then the reduced value is formatted otherwise the value is
 577      * truncated to fit {@code maxWidth}.
 578      * The rightmost characters are output to match the width, left padding with zero.
 579      * <p>
 580      * For strict parsing, the number of characters allowed by {@code width} to {@code maxWidth} are parsed.
 581      * For lenient parsing, the number of characters must be at least 1 and less than 10.
 582      * If the number of digits parsed is equal to {@code width} and the value is positive,
 583      * the value of the field is computed to be the first number greater than
 584      * or equal to the {@code baseValue} with the same least significant characters,
 585      * otherwise the value parsed is the field value.
 586      * This allows a reduced value to be entered for values in range of the baseValue
 587      * and width and absolute values can be entered for values outside the range.
 588      * <p>
 589      * For example, a base value of {@code 1980} and a width of {@code 2} will have
 590      * valid values from {@code 1980} to {@code 2079}.
 591      * During parsing, the text {@code "12"} will result in the value {@code 2012} as that
 592      * is the value within the range where the last two characters are "12".
 593      * By contrast, parsing the text {@code "1915"} will result in the value {@code 1915}.
 594      *
 595      * @param field  the field to append, not null
 596      * @param width  the field width of the printed and parsed field, from 1 to 10
 597      * @param maxWidth  the maximum field width of the printed field, from 1 to 10
 598      * @param baseDate  the base date used to calculate the base value for the range
 599      *  of valid values in the parsed chronology, not null
 600      * @return this, for chaining, not null
 601      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the width or base value is invalid
 602      */
 603     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendValueReduced(
 604             TemporalField field, int width, int maxWidth, ChronoLocalDate baseDate) {
 605         Objects.requireNonNull(field, "field");
 606         Objects.requireNonNull(baseDate, "baseDate");
 607         ReducedPrinterParser pp = new ReducedPrinterParser(field, width, maxWidth, 0, baseDate);
 608         appendValue(pp);
 609         return this;
 610     }
 611 
 612     /**
 613      * Appends a fixed or variable width printer-parser handling adjacent value mode.
 614      * If a PrinterParser is not active then the new PrinterParser becomes
 615      * the active PrinterParser.
 616      * Otherwise, the active PrinterParser is modified depending on the new PrinterParser.
 617      * If the new PrinterParser is fixed width and has sign style {@code NOT_NEGATIVE}
 618      * then its width is added to the active PP and
 619      * the new PrinterParser is forced to be fixed width.
 620      * If the new PrinterParser is variable width, the active PrinterParser is changed
 621      * to be fixed width and the new PrinterParser becomes the active PP.
 622      *
 623      * @param pp  the printer-parser, not null
 624      * @return this, for chaining, not null
 625      */
 626     private DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendValue(NumberPrinterParser pp) {
 627         if (active.valueParserIndex >= 0) {
 628             final int activeValueParser = active.valueParserIndex;
 629 
 630             // adjacent parsing mode, update setting in previous parsers
 631             NumberPrinterParser basePP = (NumberPrinterParser) active.printerParsers.get(activeValueParser);
 632             if (pp.minWidth == pp.maxWidth && pp.signStyle == SignStyle.NOT_NEGATIVE) {
 633                 // Append the width to the subsequentWidth of the active parser
 634                 basePP = basePP.withSubsequentWidth(pp.maxWidth);
 635                 // Append the new parser as a fixed width
 636                 appendInternal(pp.withFixedWidth());
 637                 // Retain the previous active parser
 638                 active.valueParserIndex = activeValueParser;
 639             } else {
 640                 // Modify the active parser to be fixed width
 641                 basePP = basePP.withFixedWidth();
 642                 // The new parser becomes the mew active parser
 643                 active.valueParserIndex = appendInternal(pp);
 644             }
 645             // Replace the modified parser with the updated one
 646             active.printerParsers.set(activeValueParser, basePP);
 647         } else {
 648             // The new Parser becomes the active parser
 649             active.valueParserIndex = appendInternal(pp);
 650         }
 651         return this;
 652     }
 653 
 654     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 655     /**
 656      * Appends the fractional value of a date-time field to the formatter.
 657      * <p>
 658      * The fractional value of the field will be output including the
 659      * preceding decimal point. The preceding value is not output.
 660      * For example, the second-of-minute value of 15 would be output as {@code .25}.
 661      * <p>
 662      * The width of the printed fraction can be controlled. Setting the
 663      * minimum width to zero will cause no output to be generated.
 664      * The printed fraction will have the minimum width necessary between
 665      * the minimum and maximum widths - trailing zeroes are omitted.
 666      * No rounding occurs due to the maximum width - digits are simply dropped.
 667      * <p>
 668      * When parsing in strict mode, the number of parsed digits must be between
 669      * the minimum and maximum width. When parsing in lenient mode, the minimum
 670      * width is considered to be zero and the maximum is nine.
 671      * <p>
 672      * If the value cannot be obtained then an exception will be thrown.
 673      * If the value is negative an exception will be thrown.
 674      * If the field does not have a fixed set of valid values then an
 675      * exception will be thrown.
 676      * If the field value in the date-time to be printed is invalid it
 677      * cannot be printed and an exception will be thrown.
 678      *
 679      * @param field  the field to append, not null
 680      * @param minWidth  the minimum width of the field excluding the decimal point, from 0 to 9
 681      * @param maxWidth  the maximum width of the field excluding the decimal point, from 1 to 9
 682      * @param decimalPoint  whether to output the localized decimal point symbol
 683      * @return this, for chaining, not null
 684      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the field has a variable set of valid values or
 685      *  either width is invalid
 686      */
 687     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendFraction(
 688             TemporalField field, int minWidth, int maxWidth, boolean decimalPoint) {
 689         appendInternal(new FractionPrinterParser(field, minWidth, maxWidth, decimalPoint));
 690         return this;
 691     }
 692 
 693     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 694     /**
 695      * Appends the text of a date-time field to the formatter using the full
 696      * text style.
 697      * <p>
 698      * The text of the field will be output during a format.
 699      * The value must be within the valid range of the field.
 700      * If the value cannot be obtained then an exception will be thrown.
 701      * If the field has no textual representation, then the numeric value will be used.
 702      * <p>
 703      * The value will be printed as per the normal format of an integer value.
 704      * Only negative numbers will be signed. No padding will be added.
 705      *
 706      * @param field  the field to append, not null
 707      * @return this, for chaining, not null
 708      */
 709     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendText(TemporalField field) {
 710         return appendText(field, TextStyle.FULL);
 711     }
 712 
 713     /**
 714      * Appends the text of a date-time field to the formatter.
 715      * <p>
 716      * The text of the field will be output during a format.
 717      * The value must be within the valid range of the field.
 718      * If the value cannot be obtained then an exception will be thrown.
 719      * If the field has no textual representation, then the numeric value will be used.
 720      * <p>
 721      * The value will be printed as per the normal format of an integer value.
 722      * Only negative numbers will be signed. No padding will be added.
 723      *
 724      * @param field  the field to append, not null
 725      * @param textStyle  the text style to use, not null
 726      * @return this, for chaining, not null
 727      */
 728     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendText(TemporalField field, TextStyle textStyle) {
 729         Objects.requireNonNull(field, "field");
 730         Objects.requireNonNull(textStyle, "textStyle");
 731         appendInternal(new TextPrinterParser(field, textStyle, DateTimeTextProvider.getInstance()));
 732         return this;
 733     }
 734 
 735     /**
 736      * Appends the text of a date-time field to the formatter using the specified
 737      * map to supply the text.
 738      * <p>
 739      * The standard text outputting methods use the localized text in the JDK.
 740      * This method allows that text to be specified directly.
 741      * The supplied map is not validated by the builder to ensure that formatting or
 742      * parsing is possible, thus an invalid map may throw an error during later use.
 743      * <p>
 744      * Supplying the map of text provides considerable flexibility in formatting and parsing.
 745      * For example, a legacy application might require or supply the months of the
 746      * year as "JNY", "FBY", "MCH" etc. These do not match the standard set of text
 747      * for localized month names. Using this method, a map can be created which
 748      * defines the connection between each value and the text:
 749      * <pre>
 750      * Map&lt;Long, String&gt; map = new HashMap&lt;&gt;();
 751      * map.put(1L, "JNY");
 752      * map.put(2L, "FBY");
 753      * map.put(3L, "MCH");
 754      * ...
 755      * builder.appendText(MONTH_OF_YEAR, map);
 756      * </pre>
 757      * <p>
 758      * Other uses might be to output the value with a suffix, such as "1st", "2nd", "3rd",
 759      * or as Roman numerals "I", "II", "III", "IV".
 760      * <p>
 761      * During formatting, the value is obtained and checked that it is in the valid range.
 762      * If text is not available for the value then it is output as a number.
 763      * During parsing, the parser will match against the map of text and numeric values.
 764      *
 765      * @param field  the field to append, not null
 766      * @param textLookup  the map from the value to the text
 767      * @return this, for chaining, not null
 768      */
 769     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendText(TemporalField field, Map<Long, String> textLookup) {
 770         Objects.requireNonNull(field, "field");
 771         Objects.requireNonNull(textLookup, "textLookup");
 772         Map<Long, String> copy = new LinkedHashMap<>(textLookup);
 773         Map<TextStyle, Map<Long, String>> map = Collections.singletonMap(TextStyle.FULL, copy);
 774         final LocaleStore store = new LocaleStore(map);
 775         DateTimeTextProvider provider = new DateTimeTextProvider() {
 776             @Override
 777             public String getText(TemporalField field, long value, TextStyle style, Locale locale) {
 778                 return store.getText(value, style);
 779             }
 780             @Override
 781             public Iterator<Entry<String, Long>> getTextIterator(TemporalField field, TextStyle style, Locale locale) {
 782                 return store.getTextIterator(style);
 783             }
 784         };
 785         appendInternal(new TextPrinterParser(field, TextStyle.FULL, provider));
 786         return this;
 787     }
 788 
 789     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 790     /**
 791      * Appends an instant using ISO-8601 to the formatter, formatting fractional
 792      * digits in groups of three.
 793      * <p>
 794      * Instants have a fixed output format.
 795      * They are converted to a date-time with a zone-offset of UTC and formatted
 796      * using the standard ISO-8601 format.
 797      * With this method, formatting nano-of-second outputs zero, three, six
 798      * or nine digits as necessary.
 799      * The localized decimal style is not used.
 800      * <p>
 801      * The instant is obtained using {@link ChronoField#INSTANT_SECONDS INSTANT_SECONDS}
 802      * and optionally (@code NANO_OF_SECOND). The value of {@code INSTANT_SECONDS}
 803      * may be outside the maximum range of {@code LocalDateTime}.
 804      * <p>
 805      * The {@linkplain ResolverStyle resolver style} has no effect on instant parsing.
 806      * The end-of-day time of '24:00' is handled as midnight at the start of the following day.
 807      * The leap-second time of '23:59:59' is handled to some degree, see
 808      * {@link DateTimeFormatter#parsedLeapSecond()} for full details.
 809      * <p>
 810      * An alternative to this method is to format/parse the instant as a single
 811      * epoch-seconds value. That is achieved using {@code appendValue(INSTANT_SECONDS)}.
 812      *
 813      * @return this, for chaining, not null
 814      */
 815     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendInstant() {
 816         appendInternal(new InstantPrinterParser(-2));
 817         return this;
 818     }
 819 
 820     /**
 821      * Appends an instant using ISO-8601 to the formatter with control over
 822      * the number of fractional digits.
 823      * <p>
 824      * Instants have a fixed output format, although this method provides some
 825      * control over the fractional digits. They are converted to a date-time
 826      * with a zone-offset of UTC and printed using the standard ISO-8601 format.
 827      * The localized decimal style is not used.
 828      * <p>
 829      * The {@code fractionalDigits} parameter allows the output of the fractional
 830      * second to be controlled. Specifying zero will cause no fractional digits
 831      * to be output. From 1 to 9 will output an increasing number of digits, using
 832      * zero right-padding if necessary. The special value -1 is used to output as
 833      * many digits as necessary to avoid any trailing zeroes.
 834      * <p>
 835      * When parsing in strict mode, the number of parsed digits must match the
 836      * fractional digits. When parsing in lenient mode, any number of fractional
 837      * digits from zero to nine are accepted.
 838      * <p>
 839      * The instant is obtained using {@link ChronoField#INSTANT_SECONDS INSTANT_SECONDS}
 840      * and optionally (@code NANO_OF_SECOND). The value of {@code INSTANT_SECONDS}
 841      * may be outside the maximum range of {@code LocalDateTime}.
 842      * <p>
 843      * The {@linkplain ResolverStyle resolver style} has no effect on instant parsing.
 844      * The end-of-day time of '24:00' is handled as midnight at the start of the following day.
 845      * The leap-second time of '23:59:60' is handled to some degree, see
 846      * {@link DateTimeFormatter#parsedLeapSecond()} for full details.
 847      * <p>
 848      * An alternative to this method is to format/parse the instant as a single
 849      * epoch-seconds value. That is achieved using {@code appendValue(INSTANT_SECONDS)}.
 850      *
 851      * @param fractionalDigits  the number of fractional second digits to format with,
 852      *  from 0 to 9, or -1 to use as many digits as necessary
 853      * @return this, for chaining, not null
 854      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the number of fractional digits is invalid
 855      */
 856     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendInstant(int fractionalDigits) {
 857         if (fractionalDigits < -1 || fractionalDigits > 9) {
 858             throw new IllegalArgumentException("The fractional digits must be from -1 to 9 inclusive but was " + fractionalDigits);
 859         }
 860         appendInternal(new InstantPrinterParser(fractionalDigits));
 861         return this;
 862     }
 863 
 864     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 865     /**
 866      * Appends the zone offset, such as '+01:00', to the formatter.
 867      * <p>
 868      * This appends an instruction to format/parse the offset ID to the builder.
 869      * This is equivalent to calling {@code appendOffset("+HH:MM:ss", "Z")}.
 870      *
 871      * @return this, for chaining, not null
 872      */
 873     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendOffsetId() {
 874         appendInternal(OffsetIdPrinterParser.INSTANCE_ID_Z);
 875         return this;
 876     }
 877 
 878     /**
 879      * Appends the zone offset, such as '+01:00', to the formatter.
 880      * <p>
 881      * This appends an instruction to format/parse the offset ID to the builder.
 882      * <p>
 883      * During formatting, the offset is obtained using a mechanism equivalent
 884      * to querying the temporal with {@link TemporalQueries#offset()}.
 885      * It will be printed using the format defined below.
 886      * If the offset cannot be obtained then an exception is thrown unless the
 887      * section of the formatter is optional.
 888      * <p>
 889      * During parsing, the offset is parsed using the format defined below.
 890      * If the offset cannot be parsed then an exception is thrown unless the
 891      * section of the formatter is optional.
 892      * <p>
 893      * The format of the offset is controlled by a pattern which must be one
 894      * of the following:
 895      * <ul>
 896      * <li>{@code +HH} - hour only, ignoring minute and second
 897      * <li>{@code +HHmm} - hour, with minute if non-zero, ignoring second, no colon
 898      * <li>{@code +HH:mm} - hour, with minute if non-zero, ignoring second, with colon
 899      * <li>{@code +HHMM} - hour and minute, ignoring second, no colon
 900      * <li>{@code +HH:MM} - hour and minute, ignoring second, with colon
 901      * <li>{@code +HHMMss} - hour and minute, with second if non-zero, no colon
 902      * <li>{@code +HH:MM:ss} - hour and minute, with second if non-zero, with colon
 903      * <li>{@code +HHMMSS} - hour, minute and second, no colon
 904      * <li>{@code +HH:MM:SS} - hour, minute and second, with colon
 905      * </ul>
 906      * The "no offset" text controls what text is printed when the total amount of
 907      * the offset fields to be output is zero.
 908      * Example values would be 'Z', '+00:00', 'UTC' or 'GMT'.
 909      * Three formats are accepted for parsing UTC - the "no offset" text, and the
 910      * plus and minus versions of zero defined by the pattern.
 911      *
 912      * @param pattern  the pattern to use, not null
 913      * @param noOffsetText  the text to use when the offset is zero, not null
 914      * @return this, for chaining, not null
 915      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the pattern is invalid
 916      */
 917     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendOffset(String pattern, String noOffsetText) {
 918         appendInternal(new OffsetIdPrinterParser(pattern, noOffsetText));
 919         return this;
 920     }
 921 
 922     /**
 923      * Appends the localized zone offset, such as 'GMT+01:00', to the formatter.
 924      * <p>
 925      * This appends a localized zone offset to the builder, the format of the
 926      * localized offset is controlled by the specified {@link FormatStyle style}
 927      * to this method:
 928      * <ul>
 929      * <li>{@link TextStyle#FULL full} - formats with localized offset text, such
 930      * as 'GMT, 2-digit hour and minute field, optional second field if non-zero,
 931      * and colon.
 932      * <li>{@link TextStyle#SHORT short} - formats with localized offset text,
 933      * such as 'GMT, hour without leading zero, optional 2-digit minute and
 934      * second if non-zero, and colon.
 935      * </ul>
 936      * <p>
 937      * During formatting, the offset is obtained using a mechanism equivalent
 938      * to querying the temporal with {@link TemporalQueries#offset()}.
 939      * If the offset cannot be obtained then an exception is thrown unless the
 940      * section of the formatter is optional.
 941      * <p>
 942      * During parsing, the offset is parsed using the format defined above.
 943      * If the offset cannot be parsed then an exception is thrown unless the
 944      * section of the formatter is optional.
 945      *
 946      * @param style  the format style to use, not null
 947      * @return this, for chaining, not null
 948      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if style is neither {@link TextStyle#FULL
 949      * full} nor {@link TextStyle#SHORT short}
 950      */
 951     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendLocalizedOffset(TextStyle style) {
 952         Objects.requireNonNull(style, "style");
 953         if (style != TextStyle.FULL && style != TextStyle.SHORT) {
 954             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Style must be either full or short");
 955         }
 956         appendInternal(new LocalizedOffsetIdPrinterParser(style));
 957         return this;
 958     }
 959 
 960     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 961     /**
 962      * Appends the time-zone ID, such as 'Europe/Paris' or '+02:00', to the formatter.
 963      * <p>
 964      * This appends an instruction to format/parse the zone ID to the builder.
 965      * The zone ID is obtained in a strict manner suitable for {@code ZonedDateTime}.
 966      * By contrast, {@code OffsetDateTime} does not have a zone ID suitable
 967      * for use with this method, see {@link #appendZoneOrOffsetId()}.
 968      * <p>
 969      * During formatting, the zone is obtained using a mechanism equivalent
 970      * to querying the temporal with {@link TemporalQueries#zoneId()}.
 971      * It will be printed using the result of {@link ZoneId#getId()}.
 972      * If the zone cannot be obtained then an exception is thrown unless the
 973      * section of the formatter is optional.
 974      * <p>
 975      * During parsing, the text must match a known zone or offset.
 976      * There are two types of zone ID, offset-based, such as '+01:30' and
 977      * region-based, such as 'Europe/London'. These are parsed differently.
 978      * If the parse starts with '+', '-', 'UT', 'UTC' or 'GMT', then the parser
 979      * expects an offset-based zone and will not match region-based zones.
 980      * The offset ID, such as '+02:30', may be at the start of the parse,
 981      * or prefixed by  'UT', 'UTC' or 'GMT'. The offset ID parsing is
 982      * equivalent to using {@link #appendOffset(String, String)} using the
 983      * arguments 'HH:MM:ss' and the no offset string '0'.
 984      * If the parse starts with 'UT', 'UTC' or 'GMT', and the parser cannot
 985      * match a following offset ID, then {@link ZoneOffset#UTC} is selected.
 986      * In all other cases, the list of known region-based zones is used to
 987      * find the longest available match. If no match is found, and the parse
 988      * starts with 'Z', then {@code ZoneOffset.UTC} is selected.
 989      * The parser uses the {@linkplain #parseCaseInsensitive() case sensitive} setting.
 990      * <p>
 991      * For example, the following will parse:
 992      * <pre>
 993      *   "Europe/London"           -- ZoneId.of("Europe/London")
 994      *   "Z"                       -- ZoneOffset.UTC
 995      *   "UT"                      -- ZoneId.of("UT")
 996      *   "UTC"                     -- ZoneId.of("UTC")
 997      *   "GMT"                     -- ZoneId.of("GMT")
 998      *   "+01:30"                  -- ZoneOffset.of("+01:30")
 999      *   "UT+01:30"                -- ZoneOffset.of("+01:30")
1000      *   "UTC+01:30"               -- ZoneOffset.of("+01:30")
1001      *   "GMT+01:30"               -- ZoneOffset.of("+01:30")
1002      * </pre>
1003      *
1004      * @return this, for chaining, not null
1005      * @see #appendZoneRegionId()
1006      */
1007     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendZoneId() {
1008         appendInternal(new ZoneIdPrinterParser(TemporalQueries.zoneId(), "ZoneId()"));
1009         return this;
1010     }
1011 
1012     /**
1013      * Appends the time-zone region ID, such as 'Europe/Paris', to the formatter,
1014      * rejecting the zone ID if it is a {@code ZoneOffset}.
1015      * <p>
1016      * This appends an instruction to format/parse the zone ID to the builder
1017      * only if it is a region-based ID.
1018      * <p>
1019      * During formatting, the zone is obtained using a mechanism equivalent
1020      * to querying the temporal with {@link TemporalQueries#zoneId()}.
1021      * If the zone is a {@code ZoneOffset} or it cannot be obtained then
1022      * an exception is thrown unless the section of the formatter is optional.
1023      * If the zone is not an offset, then the zone will be printed using
1024      * the zone ID from {@link ZoneId#getId()}.
1025      * <p>
1026      * During parsing, the text must match a known zone or offset.
1027      * There are two types of zone ID, offset-based, such as '+01:30' and
1028      * region-based, such as 'Europe/London'. These are parsed differently.
1029      * If the parse starts with '+', '-', 'UT', 'UTC' or 'GMT', then the parser
1030      * expects an offset-based zone and will not match region-based zones.
1031      * The offset ID, such as '+02:30', may be at the start of the parse,
1032      * or prefixed by  'UT', 'UTC' or 'GMT'. The offset ID parsing is
1033      * equivalent to using {@link #appendOffset(String, String)} using the
1034      * arguments 'HH:MM:ss' and the no offset string '0'.
1035      * If the parse starts with 'UT', 'UTC' or 'GMT', and the parser cannot
1036      * match a following offset ID, then {@link ZoneOffset#UTC} is selected.
1037      * In all other cases, the list of known region-based zones is used to
1038      * find the longest available match. If no match is found, and the parse
1039      * starts with 'Z', then {@code ZoneOffset.UTC} is selected.
1040      * The parser uses the {@linkplain #parseCaseInsensitive() case sensitive} setting.
1041      * <p>
1042      * For example, the following will parse:
1043      * <pre>
1044      *   "Europe/London"           -- ZoneId.of("Europe/London")
1045      *   "Z"                       -- ZoneOffset.UTC
1046      *   "UT"                      -- ZoneId.of("UT")
1047      *   "UTC"                     -- ZoneId.of("UTC")
1048      *   "GMT"                     -- ZoneId.of("GMT")
1049      *   "+01:30"                  -- ZoneOffset.of("+01:30")
1050      *   "UT+01:30"                -- ZoneOffset.of("+01:30")
1051      *   "UTC+01:30"               -- ZoneOffset.of("+01:30")
1052      *   "GMT+01:30"               -- ZoneOffset.of("+01:30")
1053      * </pre>
1054      * <p>
1055      * Note that this method is identical to {@code appendZoneId()} except
1056      * in the mechanism used to obtain the zone.
1057      * Note also that parsing accepts offsets, whereas formatting will never
1058      * produce one.
1059      *
1060      * @return this, for chaining, not null
1061      * @see #appendZoneId()
1062      */
1063     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendZoneRegionId() {
1064         appendInternal(new ZoneIdPrinterParser(QUERY_REGION_ONLY, "ZoneRegionId()"));
1065         return this;
1066     }
1067 
1068     /**
1069      * Appends the time-zone ID, such as 'Europe/Paris' or '+02:00', to
1070      * the formatter, using the best available zone ID.
1071      * <p>
1072      * This appends an instruction to format/parse the best available
1073      * zone or offset ID to the builder.
1074      * The zone ID is obtained in a lenient manner that first attempts to
1075      * find a true zone ID, such as that on {@code ZonedDateTime}, and
1076      * then attempts to find an offset, such as that on {@code OffsetDateTime}.
1077      * <p>
1078      * During formatting, the zone is obtained using a mechanism equivalent
1079      * to querying the temporal with {@link TemporalQueries#zone()}.
1080      * It will be printed using the result of {@link ZoneId#getId()}.
1081      * If the zone cannot be obtained then an exception is thrown unless the
1082      * section of the formatter is optional.
1083      * <p>
1084      * During parsing, the text must match a known zone or offset.
1085      * There are two types of zone ID, offset-based, such as '+01:30' and
1086      * region-based, such as 'Europe/London'. These are parsed differently.
1087      * If the parse starts with '+', '-', 'UT', 'UTC' or 'GMT', then the parser
1088      * expects an offset-based zone and will not match region-based zones.
1089      * The offset ID, such as '+02:30', may be at the start of the parse,
1090      * or prefixed by  'UT', 'UTC' or 'GMT'. The offset ID parsing is
1091      * equivalent to using {@link #appendOffset(String, String)} using the
1092      * arguments 'HH:MM:ss' and the no offset string '0'.
1093      * If the parse starts with 'UT', 'UTC' or 'GMT', and the parser cannot
1094      * match a following offset ID, then {@link ZoneOffset#UTC} is selected.
1095      * In all other cases, the list of known region-based zones is used to
1096      * find the longest available match. If no match is found, and the parse
1097      * starts with 'Z', then {@code ZoneOffset.UTC} is selected.
1098      * The parser uses the {@linkplain #parseCaseInsensitive() case sensitive} setting.
1099      * <p>
1100      * For example, the following will parse:
1101      * <pre>
1102      *   "Europe/London"           -- ZoneId.of("Europe/London")
1103      *   "Z"                       -- ZoneOffset.UTC
1104      *   "UT"                      -- ZoneId.of("UT")
1105      *   "UTC"                     -- ZoneId.of("UTC")
1106      *   "GMT"                     -- ZoneId.of("GMT")
1107      *   "+01:30"                  -- ZoneOffset.of("+01:30")
1108      *   "UT+01:30"                -- ZoneOffset.of("UT+01:30")
1109      *   "UTC+01:30"               -- ZoneOffset.of("UTC+01:30")
1110      *   "GMT+01:30"               -- ZoneOffset.of("GMT+01:30")
1111      * </pre>
1112      * <p>
1113      * Note that this method is identical to {@code appendZoneId()} except
1114      * in the mechanism used to obtain the zone.
1115      *
1116      * @return this, for chaining, not null
1117      * @see #appendZoneId()
1118      */
1119     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendZoneOrOffsetId() {
1120         appendInternal(new ZoneIdPrinterParser(TemporalQueries.zone(), "ZoneOrOffsetId()"));
1121         return this;
1122     }
1123 
1124     /**
1125      * Appends the time-zone name, such as 'British Summer Time', to the formatter.
1126      * <p>
1127      * This appends an instruction to format/parse the textual name of the zone to
1128      * the builder.
1129      * <p>
1130      * During formatting, the zone is obtained using a mechanism equivalent
1131      * to querying the temporal with {@link TemporalQueries#zoneId()}.
1132      * If the zone is a {@code ZoneOffset} it will be printed using the
1133      * result of {@link ZoneOffset#getId()}.
1134      * If the zone is not an offset, the textual name will be looked up
1135      * for the locale set in the {@link DateTimeFormatter}.
1136      * If the temporal object being printed represents an instant, then the text
1137      * will be the summer or winter time text as appropriate.
1138      * If the lookup for text does not find any suitable result, then the
1139      * {@link ZoneId#getId() ID} will be printed instead.
1140      * If the zone cannot be obtained then an exception is thrown unless the
1141      * section of the formatter is optional.
1142      * <p>
1143      * During parsing, either the textual zone name, the zone ID or the offset
1144      * is accepted. Many textual zone names are not unique, such as CST can be
1145      * for both "Central Standard Time" and "China Standard Time". In this
1146      * situation, the zone id will be determined by the region information from
1147      * formatter's  {@link DateTimeFormatter#getLocale() locale} and the standard
1148      * zone id for that area, for example, America/New_York for the America Eastern
1149      * zone. The {@link #appendZoneText(TextStyle, Set)} may be used
1150      * to specify a set of preferred {@link ZoneId} in this situation.
1151      *
1152      * @param textStyle  the text style to use, not null
1153      * @return this, for chaining, not null
1154      */
1155     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendZoneText(TextStyle textStyle) {
1156         appendInternal(new ZoneTextPrinterParser(textStyle, null));
1157         return this;
1158     }
1159 
1160     /**
1161      * Appends the time-zone name, such as 'British Summer Time', to the formatter.
1162      * <p>
1163      * This appends an instruction to format/parse the textual name of the zone to
1164      * the builder.
1165      * <p>
1166      * During formatting, the zone is obtained using a mechanism equivalent
1167      * to querying the temporal with {@link TemporalQueries#zoneId()}.
1168      * If the zone is a {@code ZoneOffset} it will be printed using the
1169      * result of {@link ZoneOffset#getId()}.
1170      * If the zone is not an offset, the textual name will be looked up
1171      * for the locale set in the {@link DateTimeFormatter}.
1172      * If the temporal object being printed represents an instant, then the text
1173      * will be the summer or winter time text as appropriate.
1174      * If the lookup for text does not find any suitable result, then the
1175      * {@link ZoneId#getId() ID} will be printed instead.
1176      * If the zone cannot be obtained then an exception is thrown unless the
1177      * section of the formatter is optional.
1178      * <p>
1179      * During parsing, either the textual zone name, the zone ID or the offset
1180      * is accepted. Many textual zone names are not unique, such as CST can be
1181      * for both "Central Standard Time" and "China Standard Time". In this
1182      * situation, the zone id will be determined by the region information from
1183      * formatter's  {@link DateTimeFormatter#getLocale() locale} and the standard
1184      * zone id for that area, for example, America/New_York for the America Eastern
1185      * zone. This method also allows a set of preferred {@link ZoneId} to be
1186      * specified for parsing. The matched preferred zone id will be used if the
1187      * textural zone name being parsed is not unique.
1188      * <p>
1189      * If the zone cannot be parsed then an exception is thrown unless the
1190      * section of the formatter is optional.
1191      *
1192      * @param textStyle  the text style to use, not null
1193      * @param preferredZones  the set of preferred zone ids, not null
1194      * @return this, for chaining, not null
1195      */
1196     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendZoneText(TextStyle textStyle,
1197                                                    Set<ZoneId> preferredZones) {
1198         Objects.requireNonNull(preferredZones, "preferredZones");
1199         appendInternal(new ZoneTextPrinterParser(textStyle, preferredZones));
1200         return this;
1201     }
1202 
1203     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1204     /**
1205      * Appends the chronology ID, such as 'ISO' or 'ThaiBuddhist', to the formatter.
1206      * <p>
1207      * This appends an instruction to format/parse the chronology ID to the builder.
1208      * <p>
1209      * During formatting, the chronology is obtained using a mechanism equivalent
1210      * to querying the temporal with {@link TemporalQueries#chronology()}.
1211      * It will be printed using the result of {@link Chronology#getId()}.
1212      * If the chronology cannot be obtained then an exception is thrown unless the
1213      * section of the formatter is optional.
1214      * <p>
1215      * During parsing, the chronology is parsed and must match one of the chronologies
1216      * in {@link Chronology#getAvailableChronologies()}.
1217      * If the chronology cannot be parsed then an exception is thrown unless the
1218      * section of the formatter is optional.
1219      * The parser uses the {@linkplain #parseCaseInsensitive() case sensitive} setting.
1220      *
1221      * @return this, for chaining, not null
1222      */
1223     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendChronologyId() {
1224         appendInternal(new ChronoPrinterParser(null));
1225         return this;
1226     }
1227 
1228     /**
1229      * Appends the chronology name to the formatter.
1230      * <p>
1231      * The calendar system name will be output during a format.
1232      * If the chronology cannot be obtained then an exception will be thrown.
1233      *
1234      * @param textStyle  the text style to use, not null
1235      * @return this, for chaining, not null
1236      */
1237     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendChronologyText(TextStyle textStyle) {
1238         Objects.requireNonNull(textStyle, "textStyle");
1239         appendInternal(new ChronoPrinterParser(textStyle));
1240         return this;
1241     }
1242 
1243     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1244     /**
1245      * Appends a localized date-time pattern to the formatter.
1246      * <p>
1247      * This appends a localized section to the builder, suitable for outputting
1248      * a date, time or date-time combination. The format of the localized
1249      * section is lazily looked up based on four items:
1250      * <ul>
1251      * <li>the {@code dateStyle} specified to this method
1252      * <li>the {@code timeStyle} specified to this method
1253      * <li>the {@code Locale} of the {@code DateTimeFormatter}
1254      * <li>the {@code Chronology}, selecting the best available
1255      * </ul>
1256      * During formatting, the chronology is obtained from the temporal object
1257      * being formatted, which may have been overridden by
1258      * {@link DateTimeFormatter#withChronology(Chronology)}.
1259      * <p>
1260      * During parsing, if a chronology has already been parsed, then it is used.
1261      * Otherwise the default from {@code DateTimeFormatter.withChronology(Chronology)}
1262      * is used, with {@code IsoChronology} as the fallback.
1263      * <p>
1264      * Note that this method provides similar functionality to methods on
1265      * {@code DateFormat} such as {@link java.text.DateFormat#getDateTimeInstance(int, int)}.
1266      *
1267      * @param dateStyle  the date style to use, null means no date required
1268      * @param timeStyle  the time style to use, null means no time required
1269      * @return this, for chaining, not null
1270      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if both the date and time styles are null
1271      */
1272     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendLocalized(FormatStyle dateStyle, FormatStyle timeStyle) {
1273         if (dateStyle == null && timeStyle == null) {
1274             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Either the date or time style must be non-null");
1275         }
1276         appendInternal(new LocalizedPrinterParser(dateStyle, timeStyle));
1277         return this;
1278     }
1279 
1280     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1281     /**
1282      * Appends a character literal to the formatter.
1283      * <p>
1284      * This character will be output during a format.
1285      *
1286      * @param literal  the literal to append, not null
1287      * @return this, for chaining, not null
1288      */
1289     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendLiteral(char literal) {
1290         appendInternal(new CharLiteralPrinterParser(literal));
1291         return this;
1292     }
1293 
1294     /**
1295      * Appends a string literal to the formatter.
1296      * <p>
1297      * This string will be output during a format.
1298      * <p>
1299      * If the literal is empty, nothing is added to the formatter.
1300      *
1301      * @param literal  the literal to append, not null
1302      * @return this, for chaining, not null
1303      */
1304     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendLiteral(String literal) {
1305         Objects.requireNonNull(literal, "literal");
1306         if (literal.length() > 0) {
1307             if (literal.length() == 1) {
1308                 appendInternal(new CharLiteralPrinterParser(literal.charAt(0)));
1309             } else {
1310                 appendInternal(new StringLiteralPrinterParser(literal));
1311             }
1312         }
1313         return this;
1314     }
1315 
1316     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1317     /**
1318      * Appends all the elements of a formatter to the builder.
1319      * <p>
1320      * This method has the same effect as appending each of the constituent
1321      * parts of the formatter directly to this builder.
1322      *
1323      * @param formatter  the formatter to add, not null
1324      * @return this, for chaining, not null
1325      */
1326     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder append(DateTimeFormatter formatter) {
1327         Objects.requireNonNull(formatter, "formatter");
1328         appendInternal(formatter.toPrinterParser(false));
1329         return this;
1330     }
1331 
1332     /**
1333      * Appends a formatter to the builder which will optionally format/parse.
1334      * <p>
1335      * This method has the same effect as appending each of the constituent
1336      * parts directly to this builder surrounded by an {@link #optionalStart()} and
1337      * {@link #optionalEnd()}.
1338      * <p>
1339      * The formatter will format if data is available for all the fields contained within it.
1340      * The formatter will parse if the string matches, otherwise no error is returned.
1341      *
1342      * @param formatter  the formatter to add, not null
1343      * @return this, for chaining, not null
1344      */
1345     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendOptional(DateTimeFormatter formatter) {
1346         Objects.requireNonNull(formatter, "formatter");
1347         appendInternal(formatter.toPrinterParser(true));
1348         return this;
1349     }
1350 
1351     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1352     /**
1353      * Appends the elements defined by the specified pattern to the builder.
1354      * <p>
1355      * All letters 'A' to 'Z' and 'a' to 'z' are reserved as pattern letters.
1356      * The characters '#', '{' and '}' are reserved for future use.
1357      * The characters '[' and ']' indicate optional patterns.
1358      * The following pattern letters are defined:
1359      * <pre>
1360      *  Symbol  Meaning                     Presentation      Examples
1361      *  ------  -------                     ------------      -------
1362      *   G       era                         text              AD; Anno Domini; A
1363      *   u       year                        year              2004; 04
1364      *   y       year-of-era                 year              2004; 04
1365      *   D       day-of-year                 number            189
1366      *   M/L     month-of-year               number/text       7; 07; Jul; July; J
1367      *   d       day-of-month                number            10
1368      *
1369      *   Q/q     quarter-of-year             number/text       3; 03; Q3; 3rd quarter
1370      *   Y       week-based-year             year              1996; 96
1371      *   w       week-of-week-based-year     number            27
1372      *   W       week-of-month               number            4
1373      *   E       day-of-week                 text              Tue; Tuesday; T
1374      *   e/c     localized day-of-week       number/text       2; 02; Tue; Tuesday; T
1375      *   F       week-of-month               number            3
1376      *
1377      *   a       am-pm-of-day                text              PM
1378      *   h       clock-hour-of-am-pm (1-12)  number            12
1379      *   K       hour-of-am-pm (0-11)        number            0
1380      *   k       clock-hour-of-am-pm (1-24)  number            0
1381      *
1382      *   H       hour-of-day (0-23)          number            0
1383      *   m       minute-of-hour              number            30
1384      *   s       second-of-minute            number            55
1385      *   S       fraction-of-second          fraction          978
1386      *   A       milli-of-day                number            1234
1387      *   n       nano-of-second              number            987654321
1388      *   N       nano-of-day                 number            1234000000
1389      *
1390      *   V       time-zone ID                zone-id           America/Los_Angeles; Z; -08:30
1391      *   z       time-zone name              zone-name         Pacific Standard Time; PST
1392      *   O       localized zone-offset       offset-O          GMT+8; GMT+08:00; UTC-08:00;
1393      *   X       zone-offset 'Z' for zero    offset-X          Z; -08; -0830; -08:30; -083015; -08:30:15;
1394      *   x       zone-offset                 offset-x          +0000; -08; -0830; -08:30; -083015; -08:30:15;
1395      *   Z       zone-offset                 offset-Z          +0000; -0800; -08:00;
1396      *
1397      *   p       pad next                    pad modifier      1
1398      *
1399      *   '       escape for text             delimiter
1400      *   ''      single quote                literal           '
1401      *   [       optional section start
1402      *   ]       optional section end
1403      *   #       reserved for future use
1404      *   {       reserved for future use
1405      *   }       reserved for future use
1406      * </pre>
1407      * <p>
1408      * The count of pattern letters determine the format.
1409      * See <a href="DateTimeFormatter.html#patterns">DateTimeFormatter</a> for a user-focused description of the patterns.
1410      * The following tables define how the pattern letters map to the builder.
1411      * <p>
1412      * <b>Date fields</b>: Pattern letters to output a date.
1413      * <pre>
1414      *  Pattern  Count  Equivalent builder methods
1415      *  -------  -----  --------------------------
1416      *    G       1      appendText(ChronoField.ERA, TextStyle.SHORT)
1417      *    GG      2      appendText(ChronoField.ERA, TextStyle.SHORT)
1418      *    GGG     3      appendText(ChronoField.ERA, TextStyle.SHORT)
1419      *    GGGG    4      appendText(ChronoField.ERA, TextStyle.FULL)
1420      *    GGGGG   5      appendText(ChronoField.ERA, TextStyle.NARROW)
1421      *
1422      *    u       1      appendValue(ChronoField.YEAR, 1, 19, SignStyle.NORMAL);
1423      *    uu      2      appendValueReduced(ChronoField.YEAR, 2, 2000);
1424      *    uuu     3      appendValue(ChronoField.YEAR, 3, 19, SignStyle.NORMAL);
1425      *    u..u    4..n   appendValue(ChronoField.YEAR, n, 19, SignStyle.EXCEEDS_PAD);
1426      *    y       1      appendValue(ChronoField.YEAR_OF_ERA, 1, 19, SignStyle.NORMAL);
1427      *    yy      2      appendValueReduced(ChronoField.YEAR_OF_ERA, 2, 2000);
1428      *    yyy     3      appendValue(ChronoField.YEAR_OF_ERA, 3, 19, SignStyle.NORMAL);
1429      *    y..y    4..n   appendValue(ChronoField.YEAR_OF_ERA, n, 19, SignStyle.EXCEEDS_PAD);
1430      *    Y       1      append special localized WeekFields element for numeric week-based-year
1431      *    YY      2      append special localized WeekFields element for reduced numeric week-based-year 2 digits;
1432      *    YYY     3      append special localized WeekFields element for numeric week-based-year (3, 19, SignStyle.NORMAL);
1433      *    Y..Y    4..n   append special localized WeekFields element for numeric week-based-year (n, 19, SignStyle.EXCEEDS_PAD);
1434      *
1435      *    Q       1      appendValue(IsoFields.QUARTER_OF_YEAR);
1436      *    QQ      2      appendValue(IsoFields.QUARTER_OF_YEAR, 2);
1437      *    QQQ     3      appendText(IsoFields.QUARTER_OF_YEAR, TextStyle.SHORT)
1438      *    QQQQ    4      appendText(IsoFields.QUARTER_OF_YEAR, TextStyle.FULL)
1439      *    QQQQQ   5      appendText(IsoFields.QUARTER_OF_YEAR, TextStyle.NARROW)
1440      *    q       1      appendValue(IsoFields.QUARTER_OF_YEAR);
1441      *    qq      2      appendValue(IsoFields.QUARTER_OF_YEAR, 2);
1442      *    qqq     3      appendText(IsoFields.QUARTER_OF_YEAR, TextStyle.SHORT_STANDALONE)
1443      *    qqqq    4      appendText(IsoFields.QUARTER_OF_YEAR, TextStyle.FULL_STANDALONE)
1444      *    qqqqq   5      appendText(IsoFields.QUARTER_OF_YEAR, TextStyle.NARROW_STANDALONE)
1445      *
1446      *    M       1      appendValue(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR);
1447      *    MM      2      appendValue(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR, 2);
1448      *    MMM     3      appendText(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR, TextStyle.SHORT)
1449      *    MMMM    4      appendText(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR, TextStyle.FULL)
1450      *    MMMMM   5      appendText(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR, TextStyle.NARROW)
1451      *    L       1      appendValue(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR);
1452      *    LL      2      appendValue(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR, 2);
1453      *    LLL     3      appendText(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR, TextStyle.SHORT_STANDALONE)
1454      *    LLLL    4      appendText(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR, TextStyle.FULL_STANDALONE)
1455      *    LLLLL   5      appendText(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR, TextStyle.NARROW_STANDALONE)
1456      *
1457      *    w       1      append special localized WeekFields element for numeric week-of-year
1458      *    ww      2      append special localized WeekFields element for numeric week-of-year, zero-padded
1459      *    W       1      append special localized WeekFields element for numeric week-of-month
1460      *    d       1      appendValue(ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH)
1461      *    dd      2      appendValue(ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH, 2)
1462      *    D       1      appendValue(ChronoField.DAY_OF_YEAR)
1463      *    DD      2      appendValue(ChronoField.DAY_OF_YEAR, 2)
1464      *    DDD     3      appendValue(ChronoField.DAY_OF_YEAR, 3)
1465      *    F       1      appendValue(ChronoField.ALIGNED_DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH)
1466      *    E       1      appendText(ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK, TextStyle.SHORT)
1467      *    EE      2      appendText(ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK, TextStyle.SHORT)
1468      *    EEE     3      appendText(ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK, TextStyle.SHORT)
1469      *    EEEE    4      appendText(ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK, TextStyle.FULL)
1470      *    EEEEE   5      appendText(ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK, TextStyle.NARROW)
1471      *    e       1      append special localized WeekFields element for numeric day-of-week
1472      *    ee      2      append special localized WeekFields element for numeric day-of-week, zero-padded
1473      *    eee     3      appendText(ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK, TextStyle.SHORT)
1474      *    eeee    4      appendText(ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK, TextStyle.FULL)
1475      *    eeeee   5      appendText(ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK, TextStyle.NARROW)
1476      *    c       1      append special localized WeekFields element for numeric day-of-week
1477      *    ccc     3      appendText(ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK, TextStyle.SHORT_STANDALONE)
1478      *    cccc    4      appendText(ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK, TextStyle.FULL_STANDALONE)
1479      *    ccccc   5      appendText(ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK, TextStyle.NARROW_STANDALONE)
1480      * </pre>
1481      * <p>
1482      * <b>Time fields</b>: Pattern letters to output a time.
1483      * <pre>
1484      *  Pattern  Count  Equivalent builder methods
1485      *  -------  -----  --------------------------
1486      *    a       1      appendText(ChronoField.AMPM_OF_DAY, TextStyle.SHORT)
1487      *    h       1      appendValue(ChronoField.CLOCK_HOUR_OF_AMPM)
1488      *    hh      2      appendValue(ChronoField.CLOCK_HOUR_OF_AMPM, 2)
1489      *    H       1      appendValue(ChronoField.HOUR_OF_DAY)
1490      *    HH      2      appendValue(ChronoField.HOUR_OF_DAY, 2)
1491      *    k       1      appendValue(ChronoField.CLOCK_HOUR_OF_DAY)
1492      *    kk      2      appendValue(ChronoField.CLOCK_HOUR_OF_DAY, 2)
1493      *    K       1      appendValue(ChronoField.HOUR_OF_AMPM)
1494      *    KK      2      appendValue(ChronoField.HOUR_OF_AMPM, 2)
1495      *    m       1      appendValue(ChronoField.MINUTE_OF_HOUR)
1496      *    mm      2      appendValue(ChronoField.MINUTE_OF_HOUR, 2)
1497      *    s       1      appendValue(ChronoField.SECOND_OF_MINUTE)
1498      *    ss      2      appendValue(ChronoField.SECOND_OF_MINUTE, 2)
1499      *
1500      *    S..S    1..n   appendFraction(ChronoField.NANO_OF_SECOND, n, n, false)
1501      *    A       1      appendValue(ChronoField.MILLI_OF_DAY)
1502      *    A..A    2..n   appendValue(ChronoField.MILLI_OF_DAY, n)
1503      *    n       1      appendValue(ChronoField.NANO_OF_SECOND)
1504      *    n..n    2..n   appendValue(ChronoField.NANO_OF_SECOND, n)
1505      *    N       1      appendValue(ChronoField.NANO_OF_DAY)
1506      *    N..N    2..n   appendValue(ChronoField.NANO_OF_DAY, n)
1507      * </pre>
1508      * <p>
1509      * <b>Zone ID</b>: Pattern letters to output {@code ZoneId}.
1510      * <pre>
1511      *  Pattern  Count  Equivalent builder methods
1512      *  -------  -----  --------------------------
1513      *    VV      2      appendZoneId()
1514      *    z       1      appendZoneText(TextStyle.SHORT)
1515      *    zz      2      appendZoneText(TextStyle.SHORT)
1516      *    zzz     3      appendZoneText(TextStyle.SHORT)
1517      *    zzzz    4      appendZoneText(TextStyle.FULL)
1518      * </pre>
1519      * <p>
1520      * <b>Zone offset</b>: Pattern letters to output {@code ZoneOffset}.
1521      * <pre>
1522      *  Pattern  Count  Equivalent builder methods
1523      *  -------  -----  --------------------------
1524      *    O       1      appendLocalizedOffsetPrefixed(TextStyle.SHORT);
1525      *    OOOO    4      appendLocalizedOffsetPrefixed(TextStyle.FULL);
1526      *    X       1      appendOffset("+HHmm","Z")
1527      *    XX      2      appendOffset("+HHMM","Z")
1528      *    XXX     3      appendOffset("+HH:MM","Z")
1529      *    XXXX    4      appendOffset("+HHMMss","Z")
1530      *    XXXXX   5      appendOffset("+HH:MM:ss","Z")
1531      *    x       1      appendOffset("+HHmm","+00")
1532      *    xx      2      appendOffset("+HHMM","+0000")
1533      *    xxx     3      appendOffset("+HH:MM","+00:00")
1534      *    xxxx    4      appendOffset("+HHMMss","+0000")
1535      *    xxxxx   5      appendOffset("+HH:MM:ss","+00:00")
1536      *    Z       1      appendOffset("+HHMM","+0000")
1537      *    ZZ      2      appendOffset("+HHMM","+0000")
1538      *    ZZZ     3      appendOffset("+HHMM","+0000")
1539      *    ZZZZ    4      appendLocalizedOffset(TextStyle.FULL);
1540      *    ZZZZZ   5      appendOffset("+HH:MM:ss","Z")
1541      * </pre>
1542      * <p>
1543      * <b>Modifiers</b>: Pattern letters that modify the rest of the pattern:
1544      * <pre>
1545      *  Pattern  Count  Equivalent builder methods
1546      *  -------  -----  --------------------------
1547      *    [       1      optionalStart()
1548      *    ]       1      optionalEnd()
1549      *    p..p    1..n   padNext(n)
1550      * </pre>
1551      * <p>
1552      * Any sequence of letters not specified above, unrecognized letter or
1553      * reserved character will throw an exception.
1554      * Future versions may add to the set of patterns.
1555      * It is recommended to use single quotes around all characters that you want
1556      * to output directly to ensure that future changes do not break your application.
1557      * <p>
1558      * Note that the pattern string is similar, but not identical, to
1559      * {@link java.text.SimpleDateFormat SimpleDateFormat}.
1560      * The pattern string is also similar, but not identical, to that defined by the
1561      * Unicode Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR/LDML).
1562      * Pattern letters 'X' and 'u' are aligned with Unicode CLDR/LDML.
1563      * By contrast, {@code SimpleDateFormat} uses 'u' for the numeric day of week.
1564      * Pattern letters 'y' and 'Y' parse years of two digits and more than 4 digits differently.
1565      * Pattern letters 'n', 'A', 'N', and 'p' are added.
1566      * Number types will reject large numbers.
1567      *
1568      * @param pattern  the pattern to add, not null
1569      * @return this, for chaining, not null
1570      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the pattern is invalid
1571      */
1572     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendPattern(String pattern) {
1573         Objects.requireNonNull(pattern, "pattern");
1574         parsePattern(pattern);
1575         return this;
1576     }
1577 
1578     private void parsePattern(String pattern) {
1579         for (int pos = 0; pos < pattern.length(); pos++) {
1580             char cur = pattern.charAt(pos);
1581             if ((cur >= 'A' && cur <= 'Z') || (cur >= 'a' && cur <= 'z')) {
1582                 int start = pos++;
1583                 for ( ; pos < pattern.length() && pattern.charAt(pos) == cur; pos++);  // short loop
1584                 int count = pos - start;
1585                 // padding
1586                 if (cur == 'p') {
1587                     int pad = 0;
1588                     if (pos < pattern.length()) {
1589                         cur = pattern.charAt(pos);
1590                         if ((cur >= 'A' && cur <= 'Z') || (cur >= 'a' && cur <= 'z')) {
1591                             pad = count;
1592                             start = pos++;
1593                             for ( ; pos < pattern.length() && pattern.charAt(pos) == cur; pos++);  // short loop
1594                             count = pos - start;
1595                         }
1596                     }
1597                     if (pad == 0) {
1598                         throw new IllegalArgumentException(
1599                                 "Pad letter 'p' must be followed by valid pad pattern: " + pattern);
1600                     }
1601                     padNext(pad); // pad and continue parsing
1602                 }
1603                 // main rules
1604                 TemporalField field = FIELD_MAP.get(cur);
1605                 if (field != null) {
1606                     parseField(cur, count, field);
1607                 } else if (cur == 'z') {
1608                     if (count > 4) {
1609                         throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too many pattern letters: " + cur);
1610                     } else if (count == 4) {
1611                         appendZoneText(TextStyle.FULL);
1612                     } else {
1613                         appendZoneText(TextStyle.SHORT);
1614                     }
1615                 } else if (cur == 'V') {
1616                     if (count != 2) {
1617                         throw new IllegalArgumentException("Pattern letter count must be 2: " + cur);
1618                     }
1619                     appendZoneId();
1620                 } else if (cur == 'Z') {
1621                     if (count < 4) {
1622                         appendOffset("+HHMM", "+0000");
1623                     } else if (count == 4) {
1624                         appendLocalizedOffset(TextStyle.FULL);
1625                     } else if (count == 5) {
1626                         appendOffset("+HH:MM:ss","Z");
1627                     } else {
1628                         throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too many pattern letters: " + cur);
1629                     }
1630                 } else if (cur == 'O') {
1631                     if (count == 1) {
1632                         appendLocalizedOffset(TextStyle.SHORT);
1633                     } else if (count == 4) {
1634                         appendLocalizedOffset(TextStyle.FULL);
1635                     } else {
1636                         throw new IllegalArgumentException("Pattern letter count must be 1 or 4: " + cur);
1637                     }
1638                 } else if (cur == 'X') {
1639                     if (count > 5) {
1640                         throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too many pattern letters: " + cur);
1641                     }
1642                     appendOffset(OffsetIdPrinterParser.PATTERNS[count + (count == 1 ? 0 : 1)], "Z");
1643                 } else if (cur == 'x') {
1644                     if (count > 5) {
1645                         throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too many pattern letters: " + cur);
1646                     }
1647                     String zero = (count == 1 ? "+00" : (count % 2 == 0 ? "+0000" : "+00:00"));
1648                     appendOffset(OffsetIdPrinterParser.PATTERNS[count + (count == 1 ? 0 : 1)], zero);
1649                 } else if (cur == 'W') {
1650                     // Fields defined by Locale
1651                     if (count > 1) {
1652                         throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too many pattern letters: " + cur);
1653                     }
1654                     appendInternal(new WeekBasedFieldPrinterParser(cur, count));
1655                 } else if (cur == 'w') {
1656                     // Fields defined by Locale
1657                     if (count > 2) {
1658                         throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too many pattern letters: " + cur);
1659                     }
1660                     appendInternal(new WeekBasedFieldPrinterParser(cur, count));
1661                 } else if (cur == 'Y') {
1662                     // Fields defined by Locale
1663                     appendInternal(new WeekBasedFieldPrinterParser(cur, count));
1664                 } else {
1665                     throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown pattern letter: " + cur);
1666                 }
1667                 pos--;
1668 
1669             } else if (cur == '\'') {
1670                 // parse literals
1671                 int start = pos++;
1672                 for ( ; pos < pattern.length(); pos++) {
1673                     if (pattern.charAt(pos) == '\'') {
1674                         if (pos + 1 < pattern.length() && pattern.charAt(pos + 1) == '\'') {
1675                             pos++;
1676                         } else {
1677                             break;  // end of literal
1678                         }
1679                     }
1680                 }
1681                 if (pos >= pattern.length()) {
1682                     throw new IllegalArgumentException("Pattern ends with an incomplete string literal: " + pattern);
1683                 }
1684                 String str = pattern.substring(start + 1, pos);
1685                 if (str.length() == 0) {
1686                     appendLiteral('\'');
1687                 } else {
1688                     appendLiteral(str.replace("''", "'"));
1689                 }
1690 
1691             } else if (cur == '[') {
1692                 optionalStart();
1693 
1694             } else if (cur == ']') {
1695                 if (active.parent == null) {
1696                     throw new IllegalArgumentException("Pattern invalid as it contains ] without previous [");
1697                 }
1698                 optionalEnd();
1699 
1700             } else if (cur == '{' || cur == '}' || cur == '#') {
1701                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Pattern includes reserved character: '" + cur + "'");
1702             } else {
1703                 appendLiteral(cur);
1704             }
1705         }
1706     }
1707 
1708     @SuppressWarnings("fallthrough")
1709     private void parseField(char cur, int count, TemporalField field) {
1710         boolean standalone = false;
1711         switch (cur) {
1712             case 'u':
1713             case 'y':
1714                 if (count == 2) {
1715                     appendValueReduced(field, 2, 2, ReducedPrinterParser.BASE_DATE);
1716                 } else if (count < 4) {
1717                     appendValue(field, count, 19, SignStyle.NORMAL);
1718                 } else {
1719                     appendValue(field, count, 19, SignStyle.EXCEEDS_PAD);
1720                 }
1721                 break;
1722             case 'c':
1723                 if (count == 2) {
1724                     throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid pattern \"cc\"");
1725                 }
1726                 /*fallthrough*/
1727             case 'L':
1728             case 'q':
1729                 standalone = true;
1730                 /*fallthrough*/
1731             case 'M':
1732             case 'Q':
1733             case 'E':
1734             case 'e':
1735                 switch (count) {
1736                     case 1:
1737                     case 2:
1738                         if (cur == 'c' || cur == 'e') {
1739                             appendInternal(new WeekBasedFieldPrinterParser(cur, count));
1740                         } else if (cur == 'E') {
1741                             appendText(field, TextStyle.SHORT);
1742                         } else {
1743                             if (count == 1) {
1744                                 appendValue(field);
1745                             } else {
1746                                 appendValue(field, 2);
1747                             }
1748                         }
1749                         break;
1750                     case 3:
1751                         appendText(field, standalone ? TextStyle.SHORT_STANDALONE : TextStyle.SHORT);
1752                         break;
1753                     case 4:
1754                         appendText(field, standalone ? TextStyle.FULL_STANDALONE : TextStyle.FULL);
1755                         break;
1756                     case 5:
1757                         appendText(field, standalone ? TextStyle.NARROW_STANDALONE : TextStyle.NARROW);
1758                         break;
1759                     default:
1760                         throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too many pattern letters: " + cur);
1761                 }
1762                 break;
1763             case 'a':
1764                 if (count == 1) {
1765                     appendText(field, TextStyle.SHORT);
1766                 } else {
1767                     throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too many pattern letters: " + cur);
1768                 }
1769                 break;
1770             case 'G':
1771                 switch (count) {
1772                     case 1:
1773                     case 2:
1774                     case 3:
1775                         appendText(field, TextStyle.SHORT);
1776                         break;
1777                     case 4:
1778                         appendText(field, TextStyle.FULL);
1779                         break;
1780                     case 5:
1781                         appendText(field, TextStyle.NARROW);
1782                         break;
1783                     default:
1784                         throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too many pattern letters: " + cur);
1785                 }
1786                 break;
1787             case 'S':
1788                 appendFraction(NANO_OF_SECOND, count, count, false);
1789                 break;
1790             case 'F':
1791                 if (count == 1) {
1792                     appendValue(field);
1793                 } else {
1794                     throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too many pattern letters: " + cur);
1795                 }
1796                 break;
1797             case 'd':
1798             case 'h':
1799             case 'H':
1800             case 'k':
1801             case 'K':
1802             case 'm':
1803             case 's':
1804                 if (count == 1) {
1805                     appendValue(field);
1806                 } else if (count == 2) {
1807                     appendValue(field, count);
1808                 } else {
1809                     throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too many pattern letters: " + cur);
1810                 }
1811                 break;
1812             case 'D':
1813                 if (count == 1) {
1814                     appendValue(field);
1815                 } else if (count <= 3) {
1816                     appendValue(field, count);
1817                 } else {
1818                     throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too many pattern letters: " + cur);
1819                 }
1820                 break;
1821             default:
1822                 if (count == 1) {
1823                     appendValue(field);
1824                 } else {
1825                     appendValue(field, count);
1826                 }
1827                 break;
1828         }
1829     }
1830 
1831     /** Map of letters to fields. */
1832     private static final Map<Character, TemporalField> FIELD_MAP = new HashMap<>();
1833     static {
1834         // SDF = SimpleDateFormat
1835         FIELD_MAP.put('G', ChronoField.ERA);                       // SDF, LDML (different to both for 1/2 chars)
1836         FIELD_MAP.put('y', ChronoField.YEAR_OF_ERA);               // SDF, LDML
1837         FIELD_MAP.put('u', ChronoField.YEAR);                      // LDML (different in SDF)
1838         FIELD_MAP.put('Q', IsoFields.QUARTER_OF_YEAR);             // LDML (removed quarter from 310)
1839         FIELD_MAP.put('q', IsoFields.QUARTER_OF_YEAR);             // LDML (stand-alone)
1840         FIELD_MAP.put('M', ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR);             // SDF, LDML
1841         FIELD_MAP.put('L', ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR);             // SDF, LDML (stand-alone)
1842         FIELD_MAP.put('D', ChronoField.DAY_OF_YEAR);               // SDF, LDML
1843         FIELD_MAP.put('d', ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH);              // SDF, LDML
1844         FIELD_MAP.put('F', ChronoField.ALIGNED_DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH);  // SDF, LDML
1845         FIELD_MAP.put('E', ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK);               // SDF, LDML (different to both for 1/2 chars)
1846         FIELD_MAP.put('c', ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK);               // LDML (stand-alone)
1847         FIELD_MAP.put('e', ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK);               // LDML (needs localized week number)
1848         FIELD_MAP.put('a', ChronoField.AMPM_OF_DAY);               // SDF, LDML
1849         FIELD_MAP.put('H', ChronoField.HOUR_OF_DAY);               // SDF, LDML
1850         FIELD_MAP.put('k', ChronoField.CLOCK_HOUR_OF_DAY);         // SDF, LDML
1851         FIELD_MAP.put('K', ChronoField.HOUR_OF_AMPM);              // SDF, LDML
1852         FIELD_MAP.put('h', ChronoField.CLOCK_HOUR_OF_AMPM);        // SDF, LDML
1853         FIELD_MAP.put('m', ChronoField.MINUTE_OF_HOUR);            // SDF, LDML
1854         FIELD_MAP.put('s', ChronoField.SECOND_OF_MINUTE);          // SDF, LDML
1855         FIELD_MAP.put('S', ChronoField.NANO_OF_SECOND);            // LDML (SDF uses milli-of-second number)
1856         FIELD_MAP.put('A', ChronoField.MILLI_OF_DAY);              // LDML
1857         FIELD_MAP.put('n', ChronoField.NANO_OF_SECOND);            // 310 (proposed for LDML)
1858         FIELD_MAP.put('N', ChronoField.NANO_OF_DAY);               // 310 (proposed for LDML)
1859         // 310 - z - time-zone names, matches LDML and SimpleDateFormat 1 to 4
1860         // 310 - Z - matches SimpleDateFormat and LDML
1861         // 310 - V - time-zone id, matches LDML
1862         // 310 - p - prefix for padding
1863         // 310 - X - matches LDML, almost matches SDF for 1, exact match 2&3, extended 4&5
1864         // 310 - x - matches LDML
1865         // 310 - w, W, and Y are localized forms matching LDML
1866         // LDML - U - cycle year name, not supported by 310 yet
1867         // LDML - l - deprecated
1868         // LDML - j - not relevant
1869         // LDML - g - modified-julian-day
1870         // LDML - v,V - extended time-zone names
1871     }
1872 
1873     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1874     /**
1875      * Causes the next added printer/parser to pad to a fixed width using a space.
1876      * <p>
1877      * This padding will pad to a fixed width using spaces.
1878      * <p>
1879      * During formatting, the decorated element will be output and then padded
1880      * to the specified width. An exception will be thrown during formatting if
1881      * the pad width is exceeded.
1882      * <p>
1883      * During parsing, the padding and decorated element are parsed.
1884      * If parsing is lenient, then the pad width is treated as a maximum.
1885      * The padding is parsed greedily. Thus, if the decorated element starts with
1886      * the pad character, it will not be parsed.
1887      *
1888      * @param padWidth  the pad width, 1 or greater
1889      * @return this, for chaining, not null
1890      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if pad width is too small
1891      */
1892     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder padNext(int padWidth) {
1893         return padNext(padWidth, ' ');
1894     }
1895 
1896     /**
1897      * Causes the next added printer/parser to pad to a fixed width.
1898      * <p>
1899      * This padding is intended for padding other than zero-padding.
1900      * Zero-padding should be achieved using the appendValue methods.
1901      * <p>
1902      * During formatting, the decorated element will be output and then padded
1903      * to the specified width. An exception will be thrown during formatting if
1904      * the pad width is exceeded.
1905      * <p>
1906      * During parsing, the padding and decorated element are parsed.
1907      * If parsing is lenient, then the pad width is treated as a maximum.
1908      * If parsing is case insensitive, then the pad character is matched ignoring case.
1909      * The padding is parsed greedily. Thus, if the decorated element starts with
1910      * the pad character, it will not be parsed.
1911      *
1912      * @param padWidth  the pad width, 1 or greater
1913      * @param padChar  the pad character
1914      * @return this, for chaining, not null
1915      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if pad width is too small
1916      */
1917     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder padNext(int padWidth, char padChar) {
1918         if (padWidth < 1) {
1919             throw new IllegalArgumentException("The pad width must be at least one but was " + padWidth);
1920         }
1921         active.padNextWidth = padWidth;
1922         active.padNextChar = padChar;
1923         active.valueParserIndex = -1;
1924         return this;
1925     }
1926 
1927     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1928     /**
1929      * Mark the start of an optional section.
1930      * <p>
1931      * The output of formatting can include optional sections, which may be nested.
1932      * An optional section is started by calling this method and ended by calling
1933      * {@link #optionalEnd()} or by ending the build process.
1934      * <p>
1935      * All elements in the optional section are treated as optional.
1936      * During formatting, the section is only output if data is available in the
1937      * {@code TemporalAccessor} for all the elements in the section.
1938      * During parsing, the whole section may be missing from the parsed string.
1939      * <p>
1940      * For example, consider a builder setup as
1941      * {@code builder.appendValue(HOUR_OF_DAY,2).optionalStart().appendValue(MINUTE_OF_HOUR,2)}.
1942      * The optional section ends automatically at the end of the builder.
1943      * During formatting, the minute will only be output if its value can be obtained from the date-time.
1944      * During parsing, the input will be successfully parsed whether the minute is present or not.
1945      *
1946      * @return this, for chaining, not null
1947      */
1948     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder optionalStart() {
1949         active.valueParserIndex = -1;
1950         active = new DateTimeFormatterBuilder(active, true);
1951         return this;
1952     }
1953 
1954     /**
1955      * Ends an optional section.
1956      * <p>
1957      * The output of formatting can include optional sections, which may be nested.
1958      * An optional section is started by calling {@link #optionalStart()} and ended
1959      * using this method (or at the end of the builder).
1960      * <p>
1961      * Calling this method without having previously called {@code optionalStart}
1962      * will throw an exception.
1963      * Calling this method immediately after calling {@code optionalStart} has no effect
1964      * on the formatter other than ending the (empty) optional section.
1965      * <p>
1966      * All elements in the optional section are treated as optional.
1967      * During formatting, the section is only output if data is available in the
1968      * {@code TemporalAccessor} for all the elements in the section.
1969      * During parsing, the whole section may be missing from the parsed string.
1970      * <p>
1971      * For example, consider a builder setup as
1972      * {@code builder.appendValue(HOUR_OF_DAY,2).optionalStart().appendValue(MINUTE_OF_HOUR,2).optionalEnd()}.
1973      * During formatting, the minute will only be output if its value can be obtained from the date-time.
1974      * During parsing, the input will be successfully parsed whether the minute is present or not.
1975      *
1976      * @return this, for chaining, not null
1977      * @throws IllegalStateException if there was no previous call to {@code optionalStart}
1978      */
1979     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder optionalEnd() {
1980         if (active.parent == null) {
1981             throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot call optionalEnd() as there was no previous call to optionalStart()");
1982         }
1983         if (active.printerParsers.size() > 0) {
1984             CompositePrinterParser cpp = new CompositePrinterParser(active.printerParsers, active.optional);
1985             active = active.parent;
1986             appendInternal(cpp);
1987         } else {
1988             active = active.parent;
1989         }
1990         return this;
1991     }
1992 
1993     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1994     /**
1995      * Appends a printer and/or parser to the internal list handling padding.
1996      *
1997      * @param pp  the printer-parser to add, not null
1998      * @return the index into the active parsers list
1999      */
2000     private int appendInternal(DateTimePrinterParser pp) {
2001         Objects.requireNonNull(pp, "pp");
2002         if (active.padNextWidth > 0) {
2003             if (pp != null) {
2004                 pp = new PadPrinterParserDecorator(pp, active.padNextWidth, active.padNextChar);
2005             }
2006             active.padNextWidth = 0;
2007             active.padNextChar = 0;
2008         }
2009         active.printerParsers.add(pp);
2010         active.valueParserIndex = -1;
2011         return active.printerParsers.size() - 1;
2012     }
2013 
2014     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2015     /**
2016      * Completes this builder by creating the {@code DateTimeFormatter}
2017      * using the default locale.
2018      * <p>
2019      * This will create a formatter with the {@linkplain Locale#getDefault(Locale.Category) default FORMAT locale}.
2020      * Numbers will be printed and parsed using the standard DecimalStyle.
2021      * The resolver style will be {@link ResolverStyle#SMART SMART}.
2022      * <p>
2023      * Calling this method will end any open optional sections by repeatedly
2024      * calling {@link #optionalEnd()} before creating the formatter.
2025      * <p>
2026      * This builder can still be used after creating the formatter if desired,
2027      * although the state may have been changed by calls to {@code optionalEnd}.
2028      *
2029      * @return the created formatter, not null
2030      */
2031     public DateTimeFormatter toFormatter() {
2032         return toFormatter(Locale.getDefault(Locale.Category.FORMAT));
2033     }
2034 
2035     /**
2036      * Completes this builder by creating the {@code DateTimeFormatter}
2037      * using the specified locale.
2038      * <p>
2039      * This will create a formatter with the specified locale.
2040      * Numbers will be printed and parsed using the standard DecimalStyle.
2041      * The resolver style will be {@link ResolverStyle#SMART SMART}.
2042      * <p>
2043      * Calling this method will end any open optional sections by repeatedly
2044      * calling {@link #optionalEnd()} before creating the formatter.
2045      * <p>
2046      * This builder can still be used after creating the formatter if desired,
2047      * although the state may have been changed by calls to {@code optionalEnd}.
2048      *
2049      * @param locale  the locale to use for formatting, not null
2050      * @return the created formatter, not null
2051      */
2052     public DateTimeFormatter toFormatter(Locale locale) {
2053         return toFormatter(locale, ResolverStyle.SMART, null);
2054     }
2055 
2056     /**
2057      * Completes this builder by creating the formatter.
2058      * This uses the default locale.
2059      *
2060      * @param resolverStyle  the resolver style to use, not null
2061      * @return the created formatter, not null
2062      */
2063     DateTimeFormatter toFormatter(ResolverStyle resolverStyle, Chronology chrono) {
2064         return toFormatter(Locale.getDefault(Locale.Category.FORMAT), resolverStyle, chrono);
2065     }
2066 
2067     /**
2068      * Completes this builder by creating the formatter.
2069      *
2070      * @param locale  the locale to use for formatting, not null
2071      * @param chrono  the chronology to use, may be null
2072      * @return the created formatter, not null
2073      */
2074     private DateTimeFormatter toFormatter(Locale locale, ResolverStyle resolverStyle, Chronology chrono) {
2075         Objects.requireNonNull(locale, "locale");
2076         while (active.parent != null) {
2077             optionalEnd();
2078         }
2079         CompositePrinterParser pp = new CompositePrinterParser(printerParsers, false);
2080         return new DateTimeFormatter(pp, locale, DecimalStyle.STANDARD,
2081                 resolverStyle, null, chrono, null);
2082     }
2083 
2084     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2085     /**
2086      * Strategy for formatting/parsing date-time information.
2087      * <p>
2088      * The printer may format any part, or the whole, of the input date-time object.
2089      * Typically, a complete format is constructed from a number of smaller
2090      * units, each outputting a single field.
2091      * <p>
2092      * The parser may parse any piece of text from the input, storing the result
2093      * in the context. Typically, each individual parser will just parse one
2094      * field, such as the day-of-month, storing the value in the context.
2095      * Once the parse is complete, the caller will then resolve the parsed values
2096      * to create the desired object, such as a {@code LocalDate}.
2097      * <p>
2098      * The parse position will be updated during the parse. Parsing will start at
2099      * the specified index and the return value specifies the new parse position
2100      * for the next parser. If an error occurs, the returned index will be negative
2101      * and will have the error position encoded using the complement operator.
2102      *
2103      * @implSpec
2104      * This interface must be implemented with care to ensure other classes operate correctly.
2105      * All implementations that can be instantiated must be final, immutable and thread-safe.
2106      * <p>
2107      * The context is not a thread-safe object and a new instance will be created
2108      * for each format that occurs. The context must not be stored in an instance
2109      * variable or shared with any other threads.
2110      */
2111     interface DateTimePrinterParser {
2112 
2113         /**
2114          * Prints the date-time object to the buffer.
2115          * <p>
2116          * The context holds information to use during the format.
2117          * It also contains the date-time information to be printed.
2118          * <p>
2119          * The buffer must not be mutated beyond the content controlled by the implementation.
2120          *
2121          * @param context  the context to format using, not null
2122          * @param buf  the buffer to append to, not null
2123          * @return false if unable to query the value from the date-time, true otherwise
2124          * @throws DateTimeException if the date-time cannot be printed successfully
2125          */
2126         boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf);
2127 
2128         /**
2129          * Parses text into date-time information.
2130          * <p>
2131          * The context holds information to use during the parse.
2132          * It is also used to store the parsed date-time information.
2133          *
2134          * @param context  the context to use and parse into, not null
2135          * @param text  the input text to parse, not null
2136          * @param position  the position to start parsing at, from 0 to the text length
2137          * @return the new parse position, where negative means an error with the
2138          *  error position encoded using the complement ~ operator
2139          * @throws NullPointerException if the context or text is null
2140          * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the position is invalid
2141          */
2142         int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position);
2143     }
2144 
2145     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2146     /**
2147      * Composite printer and parser.
2148      */
2149     static final class CompositePrinterParser implements DateTimePrinterParser {
2150         private final DateTimePrinterParser[] printerParsers;
2151         private final boolean optional;
2152 
2153         CompositePrinterParser(List<DateTimePrinterParser> printerParsers, boolean optional) {
2154             this(printerParsers.toArray(new DateTimePrinterParser[printerParsers.size()]), optional);
2155         }
2156 
2157         CompositePrinterParser(DateTimePrinterParser[] printerParsers, boolean optional) {
2158             this.printerParsers = printerParsers;
2159             this.optional = optional;
2160         }
2161 
2162         /**
2163          * Returns a copy of this printer-parser with the optional flag changed.
2164          *
2165          * @param optional  the optional flag to set in the copy
2166          * @return the new printer-parser, not null
2167          */
2168         public CompositePrinterParser withOptional(boolean optional) {
2169             if (optional == this.optional) {
2170                 return this;
2171             }
2172             return new CompositePrinterParser(printerParsers, optional);
2173         }
2174 
2175         @Override
2176         public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
2177             int length = buf.length();
2178             if (optional) {
2179                 context.startOptional();
2180             }
2181             try {
2182                 for (DateTimePrinterParser pp : printerParsers) {
2183                     if (pp.format(context, buf) == false) {
2184                         buf.setLength(length);  // reset buffer
2185                         return true;
2186                     }
2187                 }
2188             } finally {
2189                 if (optional) {
2190                     context.endOptional();
2191                 }
2192             }
2193             return true;
2194         }
2195 
2196         @Override
2197         public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
2198             if (optional) {
2199                 context.startOptional();
2200                 int pos = position;
2201                 for (DateTimePrinterParser pp : printerParsers) {
2202                     pos = pp.parse(context, text, pos);
2203                     if (pos < 0) {
2204                         context.endOptional(false);
2205                         return position;  // return original position
2206                     }
2207                 }
2208                 context.endOptional(true);
2209                 return pos;
2210             } else {
2211                 for (DateTimePrinterParser pp : printerParsers) {
2212                     position = pp.parse(context, text, position);
2213                     if (position < 0) {
2214                         break;
2215                     }
2216                 }
2217                 return position;
2218             }
2219         }
2220 
2221         @Override
2222         public String toString() {
2223             StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
2224             if (printerParsers != null) {
2225                 buf.append(optional ? "[" : "(");
2226                 for (DateTimePrinterParser pp : printerParsers) {
2227                     buf.append(pp);
2228                 }
2229                 buf.append(optional ? "]" : ")");
2230             }
2231             return buf.toString();
2232         }
2233     }
2234 
2235     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2236     /**
2237      * Pads the output to a fixed width.
2238      */
2239     static final class PadPrinterParserDecorator implements DateTimePrinterParser {
2240         private final DateTimePrinterParser printerParser;
2241         private final int padWidth;
2242         private final char padChar;
2243 
2244         /**
2245          * Constructor.
2246          *
2247          * @param printerParser  the printer, not null
2248          * @param padWidth  the width to pad to, 1 or greater
2249          * @param padChar  the pad character
2250          */
2251         PadPrinterParserDecorator(DateTimePrinterParser printerParser, int padWidth, char padChar) {
2252             // input checked by DateTimeFormatterBuilder
2253             this.printerParser = printerParser;
2254             this.padWidth = padWidth;
2255             this.padChar = padChar;
2256         }
2257 
2258         @Override
2259         public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
2260             int preLen = buf.length();
2261             if (printerParser.format(context, buf) == false) {
2262                 return false;
2263             }
2264             int len = buf.length() - preLen;
2265             if (len > padWidth) {
2266                 throw new DateTimeException(
2267                     "Cannot print as output of " + len + " characters exceeds pad width of " + padWidth);
2268             }
2269             for (int i = 0; i < padWidth - len; i++) {
2270                 buf.insert(preLen, padChar);
2271             }
2272             return true;
2273         }
2274 
2275         @Override
2276         public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
2277             // cache context before changed by decorated parser
2278             final boolean strict = context.isStrict();
2279             // parse
2280             if (position > text.length()) {
2281                 throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
2282             }
2283             if (position == text.length()) {
2284                 return ~position;  // no more characters in the string
2285             }
2286             int endPos = position + padWidth;
2287             if (endPos > text.length()) {
2288                 if (strict) {
2289                     return ~position;  // not enough characters in the string to meet the parse width
2290                 }
2291                 endPos = text.length();
2292             }
2293             int pos = position;
2294             while (pos < endPos && context.charEquals(text.charAt(pos), padChar)) {
2295                 pos++;
2296             }
2297             text = text.subSequence(0, endPos);
2298             int resultPos = printerParser.parse(context, text, pos);
2299             if (resultPos != endPos && strict) {
2300                 return ~(position + pos);  // parse of decorated field didn't parse to the end
2301             }
2302             return resultPos;
2303         }
2304 
2305         @Override
2306         public String toString() {
2307             return "Pad(" + printerParser + "," + padWidth + (padChar == ' ' ? ")" : ",'" + padChar + "')");
2308         }
2309     }
2310 
2311     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2312     /**
2313      * Enumeration to apply simple parse settings.
2314      */
2315     static enum SettingsParser implements DateTimePrinterParser {
2316         SENSITIVE,
2317         INSENSITIVE,
2318         STRICT,
2319         LENIENT;
2320 
2321         @Override
2322         public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
2323             return true;  // nothing to do here
2324         }
2325 
2326         @Override
2327         public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
2328             // using ordinals to avoid javac synthetic inner class
2329             switch (ordinal()) {
2330                 case 0: context.setCaseSensitive(true); break;
2331                 case 1: context.setCaseSensitive(false); break;
2332                 case 2: context.setStrict(true); break;
2333                 case 3: context.setStrict(false); break;
2334             }
2335             return position;
2336         }
2337 
2338         @Override
2339         public String toString() {
2340             // using ordinals to avoid javac synthetic inner class
2341             switch (ordinal()) {
2342                 case 0: return "ParseCaseSensitive(true)";
2343                 case 1: return "ParseCaseSensitive(false)";
2344                 case 2: return "ParseStrict(true)";
2345                 case 3: return "ParseStrict(false)";
2346             }
2347             throw new IllegalStateException("Unreachable");
2348         }
2349     }
2350 
2351     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2352     /**
2353      * Defaults a value into the parse if not currently present.
2354      */
2355     static class DefaultValueParser implements DateTimePrinterParser {
2356         private final TemporalField field;
2357         private final long value;
2358 
2359         DefaultValueParser(TemporalField field, long value) {
2360             this.field = field;
2361             this.value = value;
2362         }
2363 
2364         public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
2365             return true;
2366         }
2367 
2368         public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
2369             if (context.getParsed(field) == null) {
2370                 context.setParsedField(field, value, position, position);
2371             }
2372             return position;
2373         }
2374     }
2375 
2376     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2377     /**
2378      * Prints or parses a character literal.
2379      */
2380     static final class CharLiteralPrinterParser implements DateTimePrinterParser {
2381         private final char literal;
2382 
2383         CharLiteralPrinterParser(char literal) {
2384             this.literal = literal;
2385         }
2386 
2387         @Override
2388         public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
2389             buf.append(literal);
2390             return true;
2391         }
2392 
2393         @Override
2394         public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
2395             int length = text.length();
2396             if (position == length) {
2397                 return ~position;
2398             }
2399             char ch = text.charAt(position);
2400             if (ch != literal) {
2401                 if (context.isCaseSensitive() ||
2402                         (Character.toUpperCase(ch) != Character.toUpperCase(literal) &&
2403                          Character.toLowerCase(ch) != Character.toLowerCase(literal))) {
2404                     return ~position;
2405                 }
2406             }
2407             return position + 1;
2408         }
2409 
2410         @Override
2411         public String toString() {
2412             if (literal == '\'') {
2413                 return "''";
2414             }
2415             return "'" + literal + "'";
2416         }
2417     }
2418 
2419     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2420     /**
2421      * Prints or parses a string literal.
2422      */
2423     static final class StringLiteralPrinterParser implements DateTimePrinterParser {
2424         private final String literal;
2425 
2426         StringLiteralPrinterParser(String literal) {
2427             this.literal = literal;  // validated by caller
2428         }
2429 
2430         @Override
2431         public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
2432             buf.append(literal);
2433             return true;
2434         }
2435 
2436         @Override
2437         public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
2438             int length = text.length();
2439             if (position > length || position < 0) {
2440                 throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
2441             }
2442             if (context.subSequenceEquals(text, position, literal, 0, literal.length()) == false) {
2443                 return ~position;
2444             }
2445             return position + literal.length();
2446         }
2447 
2448         @Override
2449         public String toString() {
2450             String converted = literal.replace("'", "''");
2451             return "'" + converted + "'";
2452         }
2453     }
2454 
2455     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2456     /**
2457      * Prints and parses a numeric date-time field with optional padding.
2458      */
2459     static class NumberPrinterParser implements DateTimePrinterParser {
2460 
2461         /**
2462          * Array of 10 to the power of n.
2463          */
2464         static final long[] EXCEED_POINTS = new long[] {
2465             0L,
2466             10L,
2467             100L,
2468             1000L,
2469             10000L,
2470             100000L,
2471             1000000L,
2472             10000000L,
2473             100000000L,
2474             1000000000L,
2475             10000000000L,
2476         };
2477 
2478         final TemporalField field;
2479         final int minWidth;
2480         final int maxWidth;
2481         private final SignStyle signStyle;
2482         final int subsequentWidth;
2483 
2484         /**
2485          * Constructor.
2486          *
2487          * @param field  the field to format, not null
2488          * @param minWidth  the minimum field width, from 1 to 19
2489          * @param maxWidth  the maximum field width, from minWidth to 19
2490          * @param signStyle  the positive/negative sign style, not null
2491          */
2492         NumberPrinterParser(TemporalField field, int minWidth, int maxWidth, SignStyle signStyle) {
2493             // validated by caller
2494             this.field = field;
2495             this.minWidth = minWidth;
2496             this.maxWidth = maxWidth;
2497             this.signStyle = signStyle;
2498             this.subsequentWidth = 0;
2499         }
2500 
2501         /**
2502          * Constructor.
2503          *
2504          * @param field  the field to format, not null
2505          * @param minWidth  the minimum field width, from 1 to 19
2506          * @param maxWidth  the maximum field width, from minWidth to 19
2507          * @param signStyle  the positive/negative sign style, not null
2508          * @param subsequentWidth  the width of subsequent non-negative numbers, 0 or greater,
2509          *  -1 if fixed width due to active adjacent parsing
2510          */
2511         protected NumberPrinterParser(TemporalField field, int minWidth, int maxWidth, SignStyle signStyle, int subsequentWidth) {
2512             // validated by caller
2513             this.field = field;
2514             this.minWidth = minWidth;
2515             this.maxWidth = maxWidth;
2516             this.signStyle = signStyle;
2517             this.subsequentWidth = subsequentWidth;
2518         }
2519 
2520         /**
2521          * Returns a new instance with fixed width flag set.
2522          *
2523          * @return a new updated printer-parser, not null
2524          */
2525         NumberPrinterParser withFixedWidth() {
2526             if (subsequentWidth == -1) {
2527                 return this;
2528             }
2529             return new NumberPrinterParser(field, minWidth, maxWidth, signStyle, -1);
2530         }
2531 
2532         /**
2533          * Returns a new instance with an updated subsequent width.
2534          *
2535          * @param subsequentWidth  the width of subsequent non-negative numbers, 0 or greater
2536          * @return a new updated printer-parser, not null
2537          */
2538         NumberPrinterParser withSubsequentWidth(int subsequentWidth) {
2539             return new NumberPrinterParser(field, minWidth, maxWidth, signStyle, this.subsequentWidth + subsequentWidth);
2540         }
2541 
2542         @Override
2543         public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
2544             Long valueLong = context.getValue(field);
2545             if (valueLong == null) {
2546                 return false;
2547             }
2548             long value = getValue(context, valueLong);
2549             DecimalStyle decimalStyle = context.getDecimalStyle();
2550             String str = (value == Long.MIN_VALUE ? "9223372036854775808" : Long.toString(Math.abs(value)));
2551             if (str.length() > maxWidth) {
2552                 throw new DateTimeException("Field " + field +
2553                     " cannot be printed as the value " + value +
2554                     " exceeds the maximum print width of " + maxWidth);
2555             }
2556             str = decimalStyle.convertNumberToI18N(str);
2557 
2558             if (value >= 0) {
2559                 switch (signStyle) {
2560                     case EXCEEDS_PAD:
2561                         if (minWidth < 19 && value >= EXCEED_POINTS[minWidth]) {
2562                             buf.append(decimalStyle.getPositiveSign());
2563                         }
2564                         break;
2565                     case ALWAYS:
2566                         buf.append(decimalStyle.getPositiveSign());
2567                         break;
2568                 }
2569             } else {
2570                 switch (signStyle) {
2571                     case NORMAL:
2572                     case EXCEEDS_PAD:
2573                     case ALWAYS:
2574                         buf.append(decimalStyle.getNegativeSign());
2575                         break;
2576                     case NOT_NEGATIVE:
2577                         throw new DateTimeException("Field " + field +
2578                             " cannot be printed as the value " + value +
2579                             " cannot be negative according to the SignStyle");
2580                 }
2581             }
2582             for (int i = 0; i < minWidth - str.length(); i++) {
2583                 buf.append(decimalStyle.getZeroDigit());
2584             }
2585             buf.append(str);
2586             return true;
2587         }
2588 
2589         /**
2590          * Gets the value to output.
2591          *
2592          * @param context  the context
2593          * @param value  the value of the field, not null
2594          * @return the value
2595          */
2596         long getValue(DateTimePrintContext context, long value) {
2597             return value;
2598         }
2599 
2600         /**
2601          * For NumberPrinterParser, the width is fixed depending on the
2602          * minWidth, maxWidth, signStyle and whether subsequent fields are fixed.
2603          * @param context the context
2604          * @return true if the field is fixed width
2605          * @see DateTimeFormatterBuilder#appendValue(java.time.temporal.TemporalField, int)
2606          */
2607         boolean isFixedWidth(DateTimeParseContext context) {
2608             return subsequentWidth == -1 ||
2609                 (subsequentWidth > 0 && minWidth == maxWidth && signStyle == SignStyle.NOT_NEGATIVE);
2610         }
2611 
2612         @Override
2613         public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
2614             int length = text.length();
2615             if (position == length) {
2616                 return ~position;
2617             }
2618             char sign = text.charAt(position);  // IOOBE if invalid position
2619             boolean negative = false;
2620             boolean positive = false;
2621             if (sign == context.getDecimalStyle().getPositiveSign()) {
2622                 if (signStyle.parse(true, context.isStrict(), minWidth == maxWidth) == false) {
2623                     return ~position;
2624                 }
2625                 positive = true;
2626                 position++;
2627             } else if (sign == context.getDecimalStyle().getNegativeSign()) {
2628                 if (signStyle.parse(false, context.isStrict(), minWidth == maxWidth) == false) {
2629                     return ~position;
2630                 }
2631                 negative = true;
2632                 position++;
2633             } else {
2634                 if (signStyle == SignStyle.ALWAYS && context.isStrict()) {
2635                     return ~position;
2636                 }
2637             }
2638             int effMinWidth = (context.isStrict() || isFixedWidth(context) ? minWidth : 1);
2639             int minEndPos = position + effMinWidth;
2640             if (minEndPos > length) {
2641                 return ~position;
2642             }
2643             int effMaxWidth = (context.isStrict() || isFixedWidth(context) ? maxWidth : 9) + Math.max(subsequentWidth, 0);
2644             long total = 0;
2645             BigInteger totalBig = null;
2646             int pos = position;
2647             for (int pass = 0; pass < 2; pass++) {
2648                 int maxEndPos = Math.min(pos + effMaxWidth, length);
2649                 while (pos < maxEndPos) {
2650                     char ch = text.charAt(pos++);
2651                     int digit = context.getDecimalStyle().convertToDigit(ch);
2652                     if (digit < 0) {
2653                         pos--;
2654                         if (pos < minEndPos) {
2655                             return ~position;  // need at least min width digits
2656                         }
2657                         break;
2658                     }
2659                     if ((pos - position) > 18) {
2660                         if (totalBig == null) {
2661                             totalBig = BigInteger.valueOf(total);
2662                         }
2663                         totalBig = totalBig.multiply(BigInteger.TEN).add(BigInteger.valueOf(digit));
2664                     } else {
2665                         total = total * 10 + digit;
2666                     }
2667                 }
2668                 if (subsequentWidth > 0 && pass == 0) {
2669                     // re-parse now we know the correct width
2670                     int parseLen = pos - position;
2671                     effMaxWidth = Math.max(effMinWidth, parseLen - subsequentWidth);
2672                     pos = position;
2673                     total = 0;
2674                     totalBig = null;
2675                 } else {
2676                     break;
2677                 }
2678             }
2679             if (negative) {
2680                 if (totalBig != null) {
2681                     if (totalBig.equals(BigInteger.ZERO) && context.isStrict()) {
2682                         return ~(position - 1);  // minus zero not allowed
2683                     }
2684                     totalBig = totalBig.negate();
2685                 } else {
2686                     if (total == 0 && context.isStrict()) {
2687                         return ~(position - 1);  // minus zero not allowed
2688                     }
2689                     total = -total;
2690                 }
2691             } else if (signStyle == SignStyle.EXCEEDS_PAD && context.isStrict()) {
2692                 int parseLen = pos - position;
2693                 if (positive) {
2694                     if (parseLen <= minWidth) {
2695                         return ~(position - 1);  // '+' only parsed if minWidth exceeded
2696                     }
2697                 } else {
2698                     if (parseLen > minWidth) {
2699                         return ~position;  // '+' must be parsed if minWidth exceeded
2700                     }
2701                 }
2702             }
2703             if (totalBig != null) {
2704                 if (totalBig.bitLength() > 63) {
2705                     // overflow, parse 1 less digit
2706                     totalBig = totalBig.divide(BigInteger.TEN);
2707                     pos--;
2708                 }
2709                 return setValue(context, totalBig.longValue(), position, pos);
2710             }
2711             return setValue(context, total, position, pos);
2712         }
2713 
2714         /**
2715          * Stores the value.
2716          *
2717          * @param context  the context to store into, not null
2718          * @param value  the value
2719          * @param errorPos  the position of the field being parsed
2720          * @param successPos  the position after the field being parsed
2721          * @return the new position
2722          */
2723         int setValue(DateTimeParseContext context, long value, int errorPos, int successPos) {
2724             return context.setParsedField(field, value, errorPos, successPos);
2725         }
2726 
2727         @Override
2728         public String toString() {
2729             if (minWidth == 1 && maxWidth == 19 && signStyle == SignStyle.NORMAL) {
2730                 return "Value(" + field + ")";
2731             }
2732             if (minWidth == maxWidth && signStyle == SignStyle.NOT_NEGATIVE) {
2733                 return "Value(" + field + "," + minWidth + ")";
2734             }
2735             return "Value(" + field + "," + minWidth + "," + maxWidth + "," + signStyle + ")";
2736         }
2737     }
2738 
2739     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2740     /**
2741      * Prints and parses a reduced numeric date-time field.
2742      */
2743     static final class ReducedPrinterParser extends NumberPrinterParser {
2744         /**
2745          * The base date for reduced value parsing.
2746          */
2747         static final LocalDate BASE_DATE = LocalDate.of(2000, 1, 1);
2748 
2749         private final int baseValue;
2750         private final ChronoLocalDate baseDate;
2751 
2752         /**
2753          * Constructor.
2754          *
2755          * @param field  the field to format, validated not null
2756          * @param minWidth  the minimum field width, from 1 to 10
2757          * @param maxWidth  the maximum field width, from 1 to 10
2758          * @param baseValue  the base value
2759          * @param baseDate  the base date
2760          */
2761         ReducedPrinterParser(TemporalField field, int minWidth, int maxWidth,
2762                 int baseValue, ChronoLocalDate baseDate) {
2763             this(field, minWidth, maxWidth, baseValue, baseDate, 0);
2764             if (minWidth < 1 || minWidth > 10) {
2765                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("The minWidth must be from 1 to 10 inclusive but was " + minWidth);
2766             }
2767             if (maxWidth < 1 || maxWidth > 10) {
2768                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("The maxWidth must be from 1 to 10 inclusive but was " + minWidth);
2769             }
2770             if (maxWidth < minWidth) {
2771                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Maximum width must exceed or equal the minimum width but " +
2772                         maxWidth + " < " + minWidth);
2773             }
2774             if (baseDate == null) {
2775                 if (field.range().isValidValue(baseValue) == false) {
2776                     throw new IllegalArgumentException("The base value must be within the range of the field");
2777                 }
2778                 if ((((long) baseValue) + EXCEED_POINTS[maxWidth]) > Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
2779                     throw new DateTimeException("Unable to add printer-parser as the range exceeds the capacity of an int");
2780                 }
2781             }
2782         }
2783 
2784         /**
2785          * Constructor.
2786          * The arguments have already been checked.
2787          *
2788          * @param field  the field to format, validated not null
2789          * @param minWidth  the minimum field width, from 1 to 10
2790          * @param maxWidth  the maximum field width, from 1 to 10
2791          * @param baseValue  the base value
2792          * @param baseDate  the base date
2793          * @param subsequentWidth the subsequentWidth for this instance
2794          */
2795         private ReducedPrinterParser(TemporalField field, int minWidth, int maxWidth,
2796                 int baseValue, ChronoLocalDate baseDate, int subsequentWidth) {
2797             super(field, minWidth, maxWidth, SignStyle.NOT_NEGATIVE, subsequentWidth);
2798             this.baseValue = baseValue;
2799             this.baseDate = baseDate;
2800         }
2801 
2802         @Override
2803         long getValue(DateTimePrintContext context, long value) {
2804             long absValue = Math.abs(value);
2805             int baseValue = this.baseValue;
2806             if (baseDate != null) {
2807                 Chronology chrono = Chronology.from(context.getTemporal());
2808                 baseValue = chrono.date(baseDate).get(field);
2809             }
2810             if (value >= baseValue && value < baseValue + EXCEED_POINTS[minWidth]) {
2811                 // Use the reduced value if it fits in minWidth
2812                 return absValue % EXCEED_POINTS[minWidth];
2813             }
2814             // Otherwise truncate to fit in maxWidth
2815             return absValue % EXCEED_POINTS[maxWidth];
2816         }
2817 
2818         @Override
2819         int setValue(DateTimeParseContext context, long value, int errorPos, int successPos) {
2820             int baseValue = this.baseValue;
2821             if (baseDate != null) {
2822                 Chronology chrono = context.getEffectiveChronology();
2823                 baseValue = chrono.date(baseDate).get(field);
2824 
2825                 // In case the Chronology is changed later, add a callback when/if it changes
2826                 final long initialValue = value;
2827                 context.addChronoChangedListener(
2828                         (_unused) ->  {
2829                             /* Repeat the set of the field using the current Chronology
2830                              * The success/error position is ignored because the value is
2831                              * intentionally being overwritten.
2832                              */
2833                             setValue(context, initialValue, errorPos, successPos);
2834                         });
2835             }
2836             int parseLen = successPos - errorPos;
2837             if (parseLen == minWidth && value >= 0) {
2838                 long range = EXCEED_POINTS[minWidth];
2839                 long lastPart = baseValue % range;
2840                 long basePart = baseValue - lastPart;
2841                 if (baseValue > 0) {
2842                     value = basePart + value;
2843                 } else {
2844                     value = basePart - value;
2845                 }
2846                 if (value < baseValue) {
2847                     value += range;
2848                 }
2849             }
2850             return context.setParsedField(field, value, errorPos, successPos);
2851         }
2852 
2853         /**
2854          * Returns a new instance with fixed width flag set.
2855          *
2856          * @return a new updated printer-parser, not null
2857          */
2858         @Override
2859         ReducedPrinterParser withFixedWidth() {
2860             if (subsequentWidth == -1) {
2861                 return this;
2862             }
2863             return new ReducedPrinterParser(field, minWidth, maxWidth, baseValue, baseDate, -1);
2864         }
2865 
2866         /**
2867          * Returns a new instance with an updated subsequent width.
2868          *
2869          * @param subsequentWidth  the width of subsequent non-negative numbers, 0 or greater
2870          * @return a new updated printer-parser, not null
2871          */
2872         @Override
2873         ReducedPrinterParser withSubsequentWidth(int subsequentWidth) {
2874             return new ReducedPrinterParser(field, minWidth, maxWidth, baseValue, baseDate,
2875                     this.subsequentWidth + subsequentWidth);
2876         }
2877 
2878         /**
2879          * For a ReducedPrinterParser, fixed width is false if the mode is strict,
2880          * otherwise it is set as for NumberPrinterParser.
2881          * @param context the context
2882          * @return if the field is fixed width
2883          * @see DateTimeFormatterBuilder#appendValueReduced(java.time.temporal.TemporalField, int, int, int)
2884          */
2885         @Override
2886         boolean isFixedWidth(DateTimeParseContext context) {
2887            if (context.isStrict() == false) {
2888                return false;
2889            }
2890            return super.isFixedWidth(context);
2891         }
2892 
2893         @Override
2894         public String toString() {
2895             return "ReducedValue(" + field + "," + minWidth + "," + maxWidth + "," + (baseDate != null ? baseDate : baseValue) + ")";
2896         }
2897     }
2898 
2899     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2900     /**
2901      * Prints and parses a numeric date-time field with optional padding.
2902      */
2903     static final class FractionPrinterParser implements DateTimePrinterParser {
2904         private final TemporalField field;
2905         private final int minWidth;
2906         private final int maxWidth;
2907         private final boolean decimalPoint;
2908 
2909         /**
2910          * Constructor.
2911          *
2912          * @param field  the field to output, not null
2913          * @param minWidth  the minimum width to output, from 0 to 9
2914          * @param maxWidth  the maximum width to output, from 0 to 9
2915          * @param decimalPoint  whether to output the localized decimal point symbol
2916          */
2917         FractionPrinterParser(TemporalField field, int minWidth, int maxWidth, boolean decimalPoint) {
2918             Objects.requireNonNull(field, "field");
2919             if (field.range().isFixed() == false) {
2920                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Field must have a fixed set of values: " + field);
2921             }
2922             if (minWidth < 0 || minWidth > 9) {
2923                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Minimum width must be from 0 to 9 inclusive but was " + minWidth);
2924             }
2925             if (maxWidth < 1 || maxWidth > 9) {
2926                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Maximum width must be from 1 to 9 inclusive but was " + maxWidth);
2927             }
2928             if (maxWidth < minWidth) {
2929                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Maximum width must exceed or equal the minimum width but " +
2930                         maxWidth + " < " + minWidth);
2931             }
2932             this.field = field;
2933             this.minWidth = minWidth;
2934             this.maxWidth = maxWidth;
2935             this.decimalPoint = decimalPoint;
2936         }
2937 
2938         @Override
2939         public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
2940             Long value = context.getValue(field);
2941             if (value == null) {
2942                 return false;
2943             }
2944             DecimalStyle decimalStyle = context.getDecimalStyle();
2945             BigDecimal fraction = convertToFraction(value);
2946             if (fraction.scale() == 0) {  // scale is zero if value is zero
2947                 if (minWidth > 0) {
2948                     if (decimalPoint) {
2949                         buf.append(decimalStyle.getDecimalSeparator());
2950                     }
2951                     for (int i = 0; i < minWidth; i++) {
2952                         buf.append(decimalStyle.getZeroDigit());
2953                     }
2954                 }
2955             } else {
2956                 int outputScale = Math.min(Math.max(fraction.scale(), minWidth), maxWidth);
2957                 fraction = fraction.setScale(outputScale, RoundingMode.FLOOR);
2958                 String str = fraction.toPlainString().substring(2);
2959                 str = decimalStyle.convertNumberToI18N(str);
2960                 if (decimalPoint) {
2961                     buf.append(decimalStyle.getDecimalSeparator());
2962                 }
2963                 buf.append(str);
2964             }
2965             return true;
2966         }
2967 
2968         @Override
2969         public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
2970             int effectiveMin = (context.isStrict() ? minWidth : 0);
2971             int effectiveMax = (context.isStrict() ? maxWidth : 9);
2972             int length = text.length();
2973             if (position == length) {
2974                 // valid if whole field is optional, invalid if minimum width
2975                 return (effectiveMin > 0 ? ~position : position);
2976             }
2977             if (decimalPoint) {
2978                 if (text.charAt(position) != context.getDecimalStyle().getDecimalSeparator()) {
2979                     // valid if whole field is optional, invalid if minimum width
2980                     return (effectiveMin > 0 ? ~position : position);
2981                 }
2982                 position++;
2983             }
2984             int minEndPos = position + effectiveMin;
2985             if (minEndPos > length) {
2986                 return ~position;  // need at least min width digits
2987             }
2988             int maxEndPos = Math.min(position + effectiveMax, length);
2989             int total = 0;  // can use int because we are only parsing up to 9 digits
2990             int pos = position;
2991             while (pos < maxEndPos) {
2992                 char ch = text.charAt(pos++);
2993                 int digit = context.getDecimalStyle().convertToDigit(ch);
2994                 if (digit < 0) {
2995                     if (pos < minEndPos) {
2996                         return ~position;  // need at least min width digits
2997                     }
2998                     pos--;
2999                     break;
3000                 }
3001                 total = total * 10 + digit;
3002             }
3003             BigDecimal fraction = new BigDecimal(total).movePointLeft(pos - position);
3004             long value = convertFromFraction(fraction);
3005             return context.setParsedField(field, value, position, pos);
3006         }
3007 
3008         /**
3009          * Converts a value for this field to a fraction between 0 and 1.
3010          * <p>
3011          * The fractional value is between 0 (inclusive) and 1 (exclusive).
3012          * It can only be returned if the {@link java.time.temporal.TemporalField#range() value range} is fixed.
3013          * The fraction is obtained by calculation from the field range using 9 decimal
3014          * places and a rounding mode of {@link RoundingMode#FLOOR FLOOR}.
3015          * The calculation is inaccurate if the values do not run continuously from smallest to largest.
3016          * <p>
3017          * For example, the second-of-minute value of 15 would be returned as 0.25,
3018          * assuming the standard definition of 60 seconds in a minute.
3019          *
3020          * @param value  the value to convert, must be valid for this rule
3021          * @return the value as a fraction within the range, from 0 to 1, not null
3022          * @throws DateTimeException if the value cannot be converted to a fraction
3023          */
3024         private BigDecimal convertToFraction(long value) {
3025             ValueRange range = field.range();
3026             range.checkValidValue(value, field);
3027             BigDecimal minBD = BigDecimal.valueOf(range.getMinimum());
3028             BigDecimal rangeBD = BigDecimal.valueOf(range.getMaximum()).subtract(minBD).add(BigDecimal.ONE);
3029             BigDecimal valueBD = BigDecimal.valueOf(value).subtract(minBD);
3030             BigDecimal fraction = valueBD.divide(rangeBD, 9, RoundingMode.FLOOR);
3031             // stripTrailingZeros bug
3032             return fraction.compareTo(BigDecimal.ZERO) == 0 ? BigDecimal.ZERO : fraction.stripTrailingZeros();
3033         }
3034 
3035         /**
3036          * Converts a fraction from 0 to 1 for this field to a value.
3037          * <p>
3038          * The fractional value must be between 0 (inclusive) and 1 (exclusive).
3039          * It can only be returned if the {@link java.time.temporal.TemporalField#range() value range} is fixed.
3040          * The value is obtained by calculation from the field range and a rounding
3041          * mode of {@link RoundingMode#FLOOR FLOOR}.
3042          * The calculation is inaccurate if the values do not run continuously from smallest to largest.
3043          * <p>
3044          * For example, the fractional second-of-minute of 0.25 would be converted to 15,
3045          * assuming the standard definition of 60 seconds in a minute.
3046          *
3047          * @param fraction  the fraction to convert, not null
3048          * @return the value of the field, valid for this rule
3049          * @throws DateTimeException if the value cannot be converted
3050          */
3051         private long convertFromFraction(BigDecimal fraction) {
3052             ValueRange range = field.range();
3053             BigDecimal minBD = BigDecimal.valueOf(range.getMinimum());
3054             BigDecimal rangeBD = BigDecimal.valueOf(range.getMaximum()).subtract(minBD).add(BigDecimal.ONE);
3055             BigDecimal valueBD = fraction.multiply(rangeBD).setScale(0, RoundingMode.FLOOR).add(minBD);
3056             return valueBD.longValueExact();
3057         }
3058 
3059         @Override
3060         public String toString() {
3061             String decimal = (decimalPoint ? ",DecimalPoint" : "");
3062             return "Fraction(" + field + "," + minWidth + "," + maxWidth + decimal + ")";
3063         }
3064     }
3065 
3066     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
3067     /**
3068      * Prints or parses field text.
3069      */
3070     static final class TextPrinterParser implements DateTimePrinterParser {
3071         private final TemporalField field;
3072         private final TextStyle textStyle;
3073         private final DateTimeTextProvider provider;
3074         /**
3075          * The cached number printer parser.
3076          * Immutable and volatile, so no synchronization needed.
3077          */
3078         private volatile NumberPrinterParser numberPrinterParser;
3079 
3080         /**
3081          * Constructor.
3082          *
3083          * @param field  the field to output, not null
3084          * @param textStyle  the text style, not null
3085          * @param provider  the text provider, not null
3086          */
3087         TextPrinterParser(TemporalField field, TextStyle textStyle, DateTimeTextProvider provider) {
3088             // validated by caller
3089             this.field = field;
3090             this.textStyle = textStyle;
3091             this.provider = provider;
3092         }
3093 
3094         @Override
3095         public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
3096             Long value = context.getValue(field);
3097             if (value == null) {
3098                 return false;
3099             }
3100             String text;
3101             Chronology chrono = context.getTemporal().query(TemporalQueries.chronology());
3102             if (chrono == null || chrono == IsoChronology.INSTANCE) {
3103                 text = provider.getText(field, value, textStyle, context.getLocale());
3104             } else {
3105                 text = provider.getText(chrono, field, value, textStyle, context.getLocale());
3106             }
3107             if (text == null) {
3108                 return numberPrinterParser().format(context, buf);
3109             }
3110             buf.append(text);
3111             return true;
3112         }
3113 
3114         @Override
3115         public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence parseText, int position) {
3116             int length = parseText.length();
3117             if (position < 0 || position > length) {
3118                 throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
3119             }
3120             TextStyle style = (context.isStrict() ? textStyle : null);
3121             Chronology chrono = context.getEffectiveChronology();
3122             Iterator<Entry<String, Long>> it;
3123             if (chrono == null || chrono == IsoChronology.INSTANCE) {
3124                 it = provider.getTextIterator(field, style, context.getLocale());
3125             } else {
3126                 it = provider.getTextIterator(chrono, field, style, context.getLocale());
3127             }
3128             if (it != null) {
3129                 while (it.hasNext()) {
3130                     Entry<String, Long> entry = it.next();
3131                     String itText = entry.getKey();
3132                     if (context.subSequenceEquals(itText, 0, parseText, position, itText.length())) {
3133                         return context.setParsedField(field, entry.getValue(), position, position + itText.length());
3134                     }
3135                 }
3136                 if (field == ERA && !context.isStrict()) {
3137                     // parse the possible era name from era.toString()
3138                     List<Era> eras = chrono.eras();
3139                     for (Era era : eras) {
3140                         String name = era.toString();
3141                         if (context.subSequenceEquals(name, 0, parseText, position, name.length())) {
3142                             return context.setParsedField(field, era.getValue(), position, position + name.length());
3143                         }
3144                     }
3145                 }
3146                 if (context.isStrict()) {
3147                     return ~position;
3148                 }
3149             }
3150             return numberPrinterParser().parse(context, parseText, position);
3151         }
3152 
3153         /**
3154          * Create and cache a number printer parser.
3155          * @return the number printer parser for this field, not null
3156          */
3157         private NumberPrinterParser numberPrinterParser() {
3158             if (numberPrinterParser == null) {
3159                 numberPrinterParser = new NumberPrinterParser(field, 1, 19, SignStyle.NORMAL);
3160             }
3161             return numberPrinterParser;
3162         }
3163 
3164         @Override
3165         public String toString() {
3166             if (textStyle == TextStyle.FULL) {
3167                 return "Text(" + field + ")";
3168             }
3169             return "Text(" + field + "," + textStyle + ")";
3170         }
3171     }
3172 
3173     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
3174     /**
3175      * Prints or parses an ISO-8601 instant.
3176      */
3177     static final class InstantPrinterParser implements DateTimePrinterParser {
3178         // days in a 400 year cycle = 146097
3179         // days in a 10,000 year cycle = 146097 * 25
3180         // seconds per day = 86400
3181         private static final long SECONDS_PER_10000_YEARS = 146097L * 25L * 86400L;
3182         private static final long SECONDS_0000_TO_1970 = ((146097L * 5L) - (30L * 365L + 7L)) * 86400L;
3183         private final int fractionalDigits;
3184 
3185         InstantPrinterParser(int fractionalDigits) {
3186             this.fractionalDigits = fractionalDigits;
3187         }
3188 
3189         @Override
3190         public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
3191             // use INSTANT_SECONDS, thus this code is not bound by Instant.MAX
3192             Long inSecs = context.getValue(INSTANT_SECONDS);
3193             Long inNanos = null;
3194             if (context.getTemporal().isSupported(NANO_OF_SECOND)) {
3195                 inNanos = context.getTemporal().getLong(NANO_OF_SECOND);
3196             }
3197             if (inSecs == null) {
3198                 return false;
3199             }
3200             long inSec = inSecs;
3201             int inNano = NANO_OF_SECOND.checkValidIntValue(inNanos != null ? inNanos : 0);
3202             // format mostly using LocalDateTime.toString
3203             if (inSec >= -SECONDS_0000_TO_1970) {
3204                 // current era
3205                 long zeroSecs = inSec - SECONDS_PER_10000_YEARS + SECONDS_0000_TO_1970;
3206                 long hi = Math.floorDiv(zeroSecs, SECONDS_PER_10000_YEARS) + 1;
3207                 long lo = Math.floorMod(zeroSecs, SECONDS_PER_10000_YEARS);
3208                 LocalDateTime ldt = LocalDateTime.ofEpochSecond(lo - SECONDS_0000_TO_1970, 0, ZoneOffset.UTC);
3209                 if (hi > 0) {
3210                     buf.append('+').append(hi);
3211                 }
3212                 buf.append(ldt);
3213                 if (ldt.getSecond() == 0) {
3214                     buf.append(":00");
3215                 }
3216             } else {
3217                 // before current era
3218                 long zeroSecs = inSec + SECONDS_0000_TO_1970;
3219                 long hi = zeroSecs / SECONDS_PER_10000_YEARS;
3220                 long lo = zeroSecs % SECONDS_PER_10000_YEARS;
3221                 LocalDateTime ldt = LocalDateTime.ofEpochSecond(lo - SECONDS_0000_TO_1970, 0, ZoneOffset.UTC);
3222                 int pos = buf.length();
3223                 buf.append(ldt);
3224                 if (ldt.getSecond() == 0) {
3225                     buf.append(":00");
3226                 }
3227                 if (hi < 0) {
3228                     if (ldt.getYear() == -10_000) {
3229                         buf.replace(pos, pos + 2, Long.toString(hi - 1));
3230                     } else if (lo == 0) {
3231                         buf.insert(pos, hi);
3232                     } else {
3233                         buf.insert(pos + 1, Math.abs(hi));
3234                     }
3235                 }
3236             }
3237             // add fraction
3238             if ((fractionalDigits < 0 && inNano > 0) || fractionalDigits > 0) {
3239                 buf.append('.');
3240                 int div = 100_000_000;
3241                 for (int i = 0; ((fractionalDigits == -1 && inNano > 0) ||
3242                                     (fractionalDigits == -2 && (inNano > 0 || (i % 3) != 0)) ||
3243                                     i < fractionalDigits); i++) {
3244                     int digit = inNano / div;
3245                     buf.append((char) (digit + '0'));
3246                     inNano = inNano - (digit * div);
3247                     div = div / 10;
3248                 }
3249             }
3250             buf.append('Z');
3251             return true;
3252         }
3253 
3254         @Override
3255         public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
3256             // new context to avoid overwriting fields like year/month/day
3257             int minDigits = (fractionalDigits < 0 ? 0 : fractionalDigits);
3258             int maxDigits = (fractionalDigits < 0 ? 9 : fractionalDigits);
3259             CompositePrinterParser parser = new DateTimeFormatterBuilder()
3260                     .append(DateTimeFormatter.ISO_LOCAL_DATE).appendLiteral('T')
3261                     .appendValue(HOUR_OF_DAY, 2).appendLiteral(':')
3262                     .appendValue(MINUTE_OF_HOUR, 2).appendLiteral(':')
3263                     .appendValue(SECOND_OF_MINUTE, 2)
3264                     .appendFraction(NANO_OF_SECOND, minDigits, maxDigits, true)
3265                     .appendLiteral('Z')
3266                     .toFormatter().toPrinterParser(false);
3267             DateTimeParseContext newContext = context.copy();
3268             int pos = parser.parse(newContext, text, position);
3269             if (pos < 0) {
3270                 return pos;
3271             }
3272             // parser restricts most fields to 2 digits, so definitely int
3273             // correctly parsed nano is also guaranteed to be valid
3274             long yearParsed = newContext.getParsed(YEAR);
3275             int month = newContext.getParsed(MONTH_OF_YEAR).intValue();
3276             int day = newContext.getParsed(DAY_OF_MONTH).intValue();
3277             int hour = newContext.getParsed(HOUR_OF_DAY).intValue();
3278             int min = newContext.getParsed(MINUTE_OF_HOUR).intValue();
3279             Long secVal = newContext.getParsed(SECOND_OF_MINUTE);
3280             Long nanoVal = newContext.getParsed(NANO_OF_SECOND);
3281             int sec = (secVal != null ? secVal.intValue() : 0);
3282             int nano = (nanoVal != null ? nanoVal.intValue() : 0);
3283             int days = 0;
3284             if (hour == 24 && min == 0 && sec == 0 && nano == 0) {
3285                 hour = 0;
3286                 days = 1;
3287             } else if (hour == 23 && min == 59 && sec == 60) {
3288                 context.setParsedLeapSecond();
3289                 sec = 59;
3290             }
3291             int year = (int) yearParsed % 10_000;
3292             long instantSecs;
3293             try {
3294                 LocalDateTime ldt = LocalDateTime.of(year, month, day, hour, min, sec, 0).plusDays(days);
3295                 instantSecs = ldt.toEpochSecond(ZoneOffset.UTC);
3296                 instantSecs += Math.multiplyExact(yearParsed / 10_000L, SECONDS_PER_10000_YEARS);
3297             } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
3298                 return ~position;
3299             }
3300             int successPos = pos;
3301             successPos = context.setParsedField(INSTANT_SECONDS, instantSecs, position, successPos);
3302             return context.setParsedField(NANO_OF_SECOND, nano, position, successPos);
3303         }
3304 
3305         @Override
3306         public String toString() {
3307             return "Instant()";
3308         }
3309     }
3310 
3311     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
3312     /**
3313      * Prints or parses an offset ID.
3314      */
3315     static final class OffsetIdPrinterParser implements DateTimePrinterParser {
3316         static final String[] PATTERNS = new String[] {
3317             "+HH", "+HHmm", "+HH:mm", "+HHMM", "+HH:MM", "+HHMMss", "+HH:MM:ss", "+HHMMSS", "+HH:MM:SS",
3318         };  // order used in pattern builder
3319         static final OffsetIdPrinterParser INSTANCE_ID_Z = new OffsetIdPrinterParser("+HH:MM:ss", "Z");
3320         static final OffsetIdPrinterParser INSTANCE_ID_ZERO = new OffsetIdPrinterParser("+HH:MM:ss", "0");
3321 
3322         private final String noOffsetText;
3323         private final int type;
3324 
3325         /**
3326          * Constructor.
3327          *
3328          * @param pattern  the pattern
3329          * @param noOffsetText  the text to use for UTC, not null
3330          */
3331         OffsetIdPrinterParser(String pattern, String noOffsetText) {
3332             Objects.requireNonNull(pattern, "pattern");
3333             Objects.requireNonNull(noOffsetText, "noOffsetText");
3334             this.type = checkPattern(pattern);
3335             this.noOffsetText = noOffsetText;
3336         }
3337 
3338         private int checkPattern(String pattern) {
3339             for (int i = 0; i < PATTERNS.length; i++) {
3340                 if (PATTERNS[i].equals(pattern)) {
3341                     return i;
3342                 }
3343             }
3344             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid zone offset pattern: " + pattern);
3345         }
3346 
3347         @Override
3348         public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
3349             Long offsetSecs = context.getValue(OFFSET_SECONDS);
3350             if (offsetSecs == null) {
3351                 return false;
3352             }
3353             int totalSecs = Math.toIntExact(offsetSecs);
3354             if (totalSecs == 0) {
3355                 buf.append(noOffsetText);
3356             } else {
3357                 int absHours = Math.abs((totalSecs / 3600) % 100);  // anything larger than 99 silently dropped
3358                 int absMinutes = Math.abs((totalSecs / 60) % 60);
3359                 int absSeconds = Math.abs(totalSecs % 60);
3360                 int bufPos = buf.length();
3361                 int output = absHours;
3362                 buf.append(totalSecs < 0 ? "-" : "+")
3363                     .append((char) (absHours / 10 + '0')).append((char) (absHours % 10 + '0'));
3364                 if (type >= 3 || (type >= 1 && absMinutes > 0)) {
3365                     buf.append((type % 2) == 0 ? ":" : "")
3366                         .append((char) (absMinutes / 10 + '0')).append((char) (absMinutes % 10 + '0'));
3367                     output += absMinutes;
3368                     if (type >= 7 || (type >= 5 && absSeconds > 0)) {
3369                         buf.append((type % 2) == 0 ? ":" : "")
3370                             .append((char) (absSeconds / 10 + '0')).append((char) (absSeconds % 10 + '0'));
3371                         output += absSeconds;
3372                     }
3373                 }
3374                 if (output == 0) {
3375                     buf.setLength(bufPos);
3376                     buf.append(noOffsetText);
3377                 }
3378             }
3379             return true;
3380         }
3381 
3382         @Override
3383         public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
3384             int length = text.length();
3385             int noOffsetLen = noOffsetText.length();
3386             if (noOffsetLen == 0) {
3387                 if (position == length) {
3388                     return context.setParsedField(OFFSET_SECONDS, 0, position, position);
3389                 }
3390             } else {
3391                 if (position == length) {
3392                     return ~position;
3393                 }
3394                 if (context.subSequenceEquals(text, position, noOffsetText, 0, noOffsetLen)) {
3395                     return context.setParsedField(OFFSET_SECONDS, 0, position, position + noOffsetLen);
3396                 }
3397             }
3398 
3399             // parse normal plus/minus offset
3400             char sign = text.charAt(position);  // IOOBE if invalid position
3401             if (sign == '+' || sign == '-') {
3402                 // starts
3403                 int negative = (sign == '-' ? -1 : 1);
3404                 int[] array = new int[4];
3405                 array[0] = position + 1;
3406                 if ((parseNumber(array, 1, text, true) ||
3407                         parseNumber(array, 2, text, type >=3) ||
3408                         parseNumber(array, 3, text, false)) == false) {
3409                     // success
3410                     long offsetSecs = negative * (array[1] * 3600L + array[2] * 60L + array[3]);
3411                     return context.setParsedField(OFFSET_SECONDS, offsetSecs, position, array[0]);
3412                 }
3413             }
3414             // handle special case of empty no offset text
3415             if (noOffsetLen == 0) {
3416                 return context.setParsedField(OFFSET_SECONDS, 0, position, position + noOffsetLen);
3417             }
3418             return ~position;
3419         }
3420 
3421         /**
3422          * Parse a two digit zero-prefixed number.
3423          *
3424          * @param array  the array of parsed data, 0=pos,1=hours,2=mins,3=secs, not null
3425          * @param arrayIndex  the index to parse the value into
3426          * @param parseText  the offset ID, not null
3427          * @param required  whether this number is required
3428          * @return true if an error occurred
3429          */
3430         private boolean parseNumber(int[] array, int arrayIndex, CharSequence parseText, boolean required) {
3431             if ((type + 3) / 2 < arrayIndex) {
3432                 return false;  // ignore seconds/minutes
3433             }
3434             int pos = array[0];
3435             if ((type % 2) == 0 && arrayIndex > 1) {
3436                 if (pos + 1 > parseText.length() || parseText.charAt(pos) != ':') {
3437                     return required;
3438                 }
3439                 pos++;
3440             }
3441             if (pos + 2 > parseText.length()) {
3442                 return required;
3443             }
3444             char ch1 = parseText.charAt(pos++);
3445             char ch2 = parseText.charAt(pos++);
3446             if (ch1 < '0' || ch1 > '9' || ch2 < '0' || ch2 > '9') {
3447                 return required;
3448             }
3449             int value = (ch1 - 48) * 10 + (ch2 - 48);
3450             if (value < 0 || value > 59) {
3451                 return required;
3452             }
3453             array[arrayIndex] = value;
3454             array[0] = pos;
3455             return false;
3456         }
3457 
3458         @Override
3459         public String toString() {
3460             String converted = noOffsetText.replace("'", "''");
3461             return "Offset(" + PATTERNS[type] + ",'" + converted + "')";
3462         }
3463     }
3464 
3465     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
3466     /**
3467      * Prints or parses an offset ID.
3468      */
3469     static final class LocalizedOffsetIdPrinterParser implements DateTimePrinterParser {
3470         private final TextStyle style;
3471 
3472         /**
3473          * Constructor.
3474          *
3475          * @param style  the style, not null
3476          */
3477         LocalizedOffsetIdPrinterParser(TextStyle style) {
3478             this.style = style;
3479         }
3480 
3481         private static StringBuilder appendHMS(StringBuilder buf, int t) {
3482             return buf.append((char)(t / 10 + '0'))
3483                       .append((char)(t % 10 + '0'));
3484         }
3485 
3486         @Override
3487         public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
3488             Long offsetSecs = context.getValue(OFFSET_SECONDS);
3489             if (offsetSecs == null) {
3490                 return false;
3491             }
3492             String gmtText = "GMT";  // TODO: get localized version of 'GMT'
3493             if (gmtText != null) {
3494                 buf.append(gmtText);
3495             }
3496             int totalSecs = Math.toIntExact(offsetSecs);
3497             if (totalSecs != 0) {
3498                 int absHours = Math.abs((totalSecs / 3600) % 100);  // anything larger than 99 silently dropped
3499                 int absMinutes = Math.abs((totalSecs / 60) % 60);
3500                 int absSeconds = Math.abs(totalSecs % 60);
3501                 buf.append(totalSecs < 0 ? "-" : "+");
3502                 if (style == TextStyle.FULL) {
3503                     appendHMS(buf, absHours);
3504                     buf.append(':');
3505                     appendHMS(buf, absMinutes);
3506                     if (absSeconds != 0) {
3507                        buf.append(':');
3508                        appendHMS(buf, absSeconds);
3509                     }
3510                 } else {
3511                     if (absHours >= 10) {
3512                         buf.append((char)(absHours / 10 + '0'));
3513                     }
3514                     buf.append((char)(absHours % 10 + '0'));
3515                     if (absMinutes != 0 || absSeconds != 0) {
3516                         buf.append(':');
3517                         appendHMS(buf, absMinutes);
3518                         if (absSeconds != 0) {
3519                             buf.append(':');
3520                             appendHMS(buf, absSeconds);
3521                         }
3522                     }
3523                 }
3524             }
3525             return true;
3526         }
3527 
3528         int getDigit(CharSequence text, int position) {
3529             char c = text.charAt(position);
3530             if (c < '0' || c > '9') {
3531                 return -1;
3532             }
3533             return c - '0';
3534         }
3535 
3536         @Override
3537         public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
3538             int pos = position;
3539             int end = pos + text.length();
3540             String gmtText = "GMT";  // TODO: get localized version of 'GMT'
3541             if (gmtText != null) {
3542                 if (!context.subSequenceEquals(text, pos, gmtText, 0, gmtText.length())) {
3543                     return ~position;
3544                 }
3545                 pos += gmtText.length();
3546             }
3547             // parse normal plus/minus offset
3548             int negative = 0;
3549             if (pos == end) {
3550                 return context.setParsedField(OFFSET_SECONDS, 0, position, pos);
3551             }
3552             char sign = text.charAt(pos);  // IOOBE if invalid position
3553             if (sign == '+') {
3554                 negative = 1;
3555             } else if (sign == '-') {
3556                 negative = -1;
3557             } else {
3558                 return context.setParsedField(OFFSET_SECONDS, 0, position, pos);
3559             }
3560             pos++;
3561             int h = 0;
3562             int m = 0;
3563             int s = 0;
3564             if (style == TextStyle.FULL) {
3565                 int h1 = getDigit(text, pos++);
3566                 int h2 = getDigit(text, pos++);
3567                 if (h1 < 0 || h2 < 0 || text.charAt(pos++) != ':') {
3568                     return ~position;
3569                 }
3570                 h = h1 * 10 + h2;
3571                 int m1 = getDigit(text, pos++);
3572                 int m2 = getDigit(text, pos++);
3573                 if (m1 < 0 || m2 < 0) {
3574                     return ~position;
3575                 }
3576                 m = m1 * 10 + m2;
3577                 if (pos + 2 < end && text.charAt(pos) == ':') {
3578                     int s1 = getDigit(text, pos + 1);
3579                     int s2 = getDigit(text, pos + 2);
3580                     if (s1 >= 0 && s2 >= 0) {
3581                         s = s1 * 10 + s2;
3582                         pos += 3;
3583                     }
3584                 }
3585             } else {
3586                 h = getDigit(text, pos++);
3587                 if (h < 0) {
3588                     return ~position;
3589                 }
3590                 if (pos < end) {
3591                     int h2 = getDigit(text, pos);
3592                     if (h2 >=0) {
3593                         h = h * 10 + h2;
3594                         pos++;
3595                     }
3596                     if (pos + 2 < end && text.charAt(pos) == ':') {
3597                         if (pos + 2 < end && text.charAt(pos) == ':') {
3598                             int m1 = getDigit(text, pos + 1);
3599                             int m2 = getDigit(text, pos + 2);
3600                             if (m1 >= 0 && m2 >= 0) {
3601                                 m = m1 * 10 + m2;
3602                                 pos += 3;
3603                                 if (pos + 2 < end && text.charAt(pos) == ':') {
3604                                     int s1 = getDigit(text, pos + 1);
3605                                     int s2 = getDigit(text, pos + 2);
3606                                     if (s1 >= 0 && s2 >= 0) {
3607                                         s = s1 * 10 + s2;
3608                                         pos += 3;
3609                                    }
3610                                 }
3611                             }
3612                         }
3613                     }
3614                 }
3615             }
3616             long offsetSecs = negative * (h * 3600L + m * 60L + s);
3617             return context.setParsedField(OFFSET_SECONDS, offsetSecs, position, pos);
3618         }
3619 
3620         @Override
3621         public String toString() {
3622             return "LocalizedOffset(" + style + ")";
3623         }
3624     }
3625 
3626     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
3627     /**
3628      * Prints or parses a zone ID.
3629      */
3630     static final class ZoneTextPrinterParser extends ZoneIdPrinterParser {
3631 
3632         /** The text style to output. */
3633         private final TextStyle textStyle;
3634 
3635         /** The preferred zoneid map */
3636         private Set<String> preferredZones;
3637 
3638         ZoneTextPrinterParser(TextStyle textStyle, Set<ZoneId> preferredZones) {
3639             super(TemporalQueries.zone(), "ZoneText(" + textStyle + ")");
3640             this.textStyle = Objects.requireNonNull(textStyle, "textStyle");
3641             if (preferredZones != null && preferredZones.size() != 0) {
3642                 this.preferredZones = new HashSet<>();
3643                 for (ZoneId id : preferredZones) {
3644                     this.preferredZones.add(id.getId());
3645                 }
3646             }
3647         }
3648 
3649         private static final int STD = 0;
3650         private static final int DST = 1;
3651         private static final int GENERIC = 2;
3652         private static final Map<String, SoftReference<Map<Locale, String[]>>> cache =
3653             new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
3654 
3655         private String getDisplayName(String id, int type, Locale locale) {
3656             if (textStyle == TextStyle.NARROW) {
3657                 return null;
3658             }
3659             String[] names;
3660             SoftReference<Map<Locale, String[]>> ref = cache.get(id);
3661             Map<Locale, String[]> perLocale = null;
3662             if (ref == null || (perLocale = ref.get()) == null ||
3663                 (names = perLocale.get(locale)) == null) {
3664                 names = TimeZoneNameUtility.retrieveDisplayNames(id, locale);
3665                 if (names == null) {
3666                     return null;
3667                 }
3668                 names = Arrays.copyOfRange(names, 0, 7);
3669                 names[5] =
3670                     TimeZoneNameUtility.retrieveGenericDisplayName(id, TimeZone.LONG, locale);
3671                 if (names[5] == null) {
3672                     names[5] = names[0]; // use the id
3673                 }
3674                 names[6] =
3675                     TimeZoneNameUtility.retrieveGenericDisplayName(id, TimeZone.SHORT, locale);
3676                 if (names[6] == null) {
3677                     names[6] = names[0];
3678                 }
3679                 if (perLocale == null) {
3680                     perLocale = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
3681                 }
3682                 perLocale.put(locale, names);
3683                 cache.put(id, new SoftReference<>(perLocale));
3684             }
3685             switch (type) {
3686             case STD:
3687                 return names[textStyle.zoneNameStyleIndex() + 1];
3688             case DST:
3689                 return names[textStyle.zoneNameStyleIndex() + 3];
3690             }
3691             return names[textStyle.zoneNameStyleIndex() + 5];
3692         }
3693 
3694         @Override
3695         public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
3696             ZoneId zone = context.getValue(TemporalQueries.zoneId());
3697             if (zone == null) {
3698                 return false;
3699             }
3700             String zname = zone.getId();
3701             if (!(zone instanceof ZoneOffset)) {
3702                 TemporalAccessor dt = context.getTemporal();
3703                 String name = getDisplayName(zname,
3704                                              dt.isSupported(ChronoField.INSTANT_SECONDS)
3705                                              ? (zone.getRules().isDaylightSavings(Instant.from(dt)) ? DST : STD)
3706                                              : GENERIC,
3707                                              context.getLocale());
3708                 if (name != null) {
3709                     zname = name;
3710                 }
3711             }
3712             buf.append(zname);
3713             return true;
3714         }
3715 
3716         // cache per instance for now
3717         private final Map<Locale, Entry<Integer, SoftReference<PrefixTree>>>
3718             cachedTree = new HashMap<>();
3719         private final Map<Locale, Entry<Integer, SoftReference<PrefixTree>>>
3720             cachedTreeCI = new HashMap<>();
3721 
3722         @Override
3723         protected PrefixTree getTree(DateTimeParseContext context) {
3724             if (textStyle == TextStyle.NARROW) {
3725                 return super.getTree(context);
3726             }
3727             Locale locale = context.getLocale();
3728             boolean isCaseSensitive = context.isCaseSensitive();
3729             Set<String> regionIds = ZoneRulesProvider.getAvailableZoneIds();
3730             int regionIdsSize = regionIds.size();
3731 
3732             Map<Locale, Entry<Integer, SoftReference<PrefixTree>>> cached =
3733                 isCaseSensitive ? cachedTree : cachedTreeCI;
3734 
3735             Entry<Integer, SoftReference<PrefixTree>> entry = null;
3736             PrefixTree tree = null;
3737             String[][] zoneStrings = null;
3738             if ((entry = cached.get(locale)) == null ||
3739                 (entry.getKey() != regionIdsSize ||
3740                 (tree = entry.getValue().get()) == null)) {
3741                 tree = PrefixTree.newTree(context);
3742                 zoneStrings = TimeZoneNameUtility.getZoneStrings(locale);
3743                 for (String[] names : zoneStrings) {
3744                     String zid = names[0];
3745                     if (!regionIds.contains(zid)) {
3746                         continue;
3747                     }
3748                     tree.add(zid, zid);    // don't convert zid -> metazone
3749                     zid = ZoneName.toZid(zid, locale);
3750                     int i = textStyle == TextStyle.FULL ? 1 : 2;
3751                     for (; i < names.length; i += 2) {
3752                         tree.add(names[i], zid);
3753                     }
3754                 }
3755                 // if we have a set of preferred zones, need a copy and
3756                 // add the preferred zones again to overwrite
3757                 if (preferredZones != null) {
3758                     for (String[] names : zoneStrings) {
3759                         String zid = names[0];
3760                         if (!preferredZones.contains(zid) || !regionIds.contains(zid)) {
3761                             continue;
3762                         }
3763                         int i = textStyle == TextStyle.FULL ? 1 : 2;
3764                         for (; i < names.length; i += 2) {
3765                             tree.add(names[i], zid);
3766                        }
3767                     }
3768                 }
3769                 cached.put(locale, new SimpleImmutableEntry<>(regionIdsSize, new SoftReference<>(tree)));
3770             }
3771             return tree;
3772         }
3773     }
3774 
3775     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
3776     /**
3777      * Prints or parses a zone ID.
3778      */
3779     static class ZoneIdPrinterParser implements DateTimePrinterParser {
3780         private final TemporalQuery<ZoneId> query;
3781         private final String description;
3782 
3783         ZoneIdPrinterParser(TemporalQuery<ZoneId> query, String description) {
3784             this.query = query;
3785             this.description = description;
3786         }
3787 
3788         @Override
3789         public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
3790             ZoneId zone = context.getValue(query);
3791             if (zone == null) {
3792                 return false;
3793             }
3794             buf.append(zone.getId());
3795             return true;
3796         }
3797 
3798         /**
3799          * The cached tree to speed up parsing.
3800          */
3801         private static volatile Entry<Integer, PrefixTree> cachedPrefixTree;
3802         private static volatile Entry<Integer, PrefixTree> cachedPrefixTreeCI;
3803 
3804         protected PrefixTree getTree(DateTimeParseContext context) {
3805             // prepare parse tree
3806             Set<String> regionIds = ZoneRulesProvider.getAvailableZoneIds();
3807             final int regionIdsSize = regionIds.size();
3808             Entry<Integer, PrefixTree> cached = context.isCaseSensitive()
3809                                                 ? cachedPrefixTree : cachedPrefixTreeCI;
3810             if (cached == null || cached.getKey() != regionIdsSize) {
3811                 synchronized (this) {
3812                     cached = context.isCaseSensitive() ? cachedPrefixTree : cachedPrefixTreeCI;
3813                     if (cached == null || cached.getKey() != regionIdsSize) {
3814                         cached = new SimpleImmutableEntry<>(regionIdsSize, PrefixTree.newTree(regionIds, context));
3815                         if (context.isCaseSensitive()) {
3816                             cachedPrefixTree = cached;
3817                         } else {
3818                             cachedPrefixTreeCI = cached;
3819                         }
3820                     }
3821                 }
3822             }
3823             return cached.getValue();
3824         }
3825 
3826         /**
3827          * This implementation looks for the longest matching string.
3828          * For example, parsing Etc/GMT-2 will return Etc/GMC-2 rather than just
3829          * Etc/GMC although both are valid.
3830          */
3831         @Override
3832         public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
3833             int length = text.length();
3834             if (position > length) {
3835                 throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
3836             }
3837             if (position == length) {
3838                 return ~position;
3839             }
3840 
3841             // handle fixed time-zone IDs
3842             char nextChar = text.charAt(position);
3843             if (nextChar == '+' || nextChar == '-') {
3844                 return parseOffsetBased(context, text, position, position, OffsetIdPrinterParser.INSTANCE_ID_Z);
3845             } else if (length >= position + 2) {
3846                 char nextNextChar = text.charAt(position + 1);
3847                 if (context.charEquals(nextChar, 'U') && context.charEquals(nextNextChar, 'T')) {
3848                     if (length >= position + 3 && context.charEquals(text.charAt(position + 2), 'C')) {
3849                         return parseOffsetBased(context, text, position, position + 3, OffsetIdPrinterParser.INSTANCE_ID_ZERO);
3850                     }
3851                     return parseOffsetBased(context, text, position, position + 2, OffsetIdPrinterParser.INSTANCE_ID_ZERO);
3852                 } else if (context.charEquals(nextChar, 'G') && length >= position + 3 &&
3853                         context.charEquals(nextNextChar, 'M') && context.charEquals(text.charAt(position + 2), 'T')) {
3854                     if (length >= position + 4 && context.charEquals(text.charAt(position + 3), '0')) {
3855                         context.setParsed(ZoneId.of("GMT0"));
3856                         return position + 4;
3857                     }   
3858                     return parseOffsetBased(context, text, position, position + 3, OffsetIdPrinterParser.INSTANCE_ID_ZERO);
3859                 }
3860             }
3861 
3862             // parse
3863             PrefixTree tree = getTree(context);
3864             ParsePosition ppos = new ParsePosition(position);
3865             String parsedZoneId = tree.match(text, ppos);
3866             if (parsedZoneId == null) {
3867                 if (context.charEquals(nextChar, 'Z')) {
3868                     context.setParsed(ZoneOffset.UTC);
3869                     return position + 1;
3870                 }
3871                 return ~position;
3872             }
3873             context.setParsed(ZoneId.of(parsedZoneId));
3874             return ppos.getIndex();
3875         }
3876 
3877         /**
3878          * Parse an offset following a prefix and set the ZoneId if it is valid.
3879          * To matching the parsing of ZoneId.of the values are not normalized
3880          * to ZoneOffsets.
3881          *
3882          * @param context the parse context
3883          * @param text the input text
3884          * @param prefixPos start of the prefix
3885          * @param position start of text after the prefix
3886          * @param parser parser for the value after the prefix
3887          * @return the position after the parse
3888          */
3889         private int parseOffsetBased(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int prefixPos, int position, OffsetIdPrinterParser parser) {
3890             String prefix = text.toString().substring(prefixPos, position).toUpperCase();
3891             if (position >= text.length()) {
3892                 context.setParsed(ZoneId.of(prefix));
3893                 return position;
3894             }
3895 
3896             // '0' or 'Z' after prefix is not part of a valid ZoneId; use bare prefix
3897             if (text.charAt(position) == '0' ||
3898                 context.charEquals(text.charAt(position), 'Z')) {
3899                 context.setParsed(ZoneId.of(prefix));
3900                 return position;
3901             }
3902 
3903             DateTimeParseContext newContext = context.copy();
3904             int endPos = parser.parse(newContext, text, position);
3905             try {
3906                 if (endPos < 0) {
3907                     if (parser == OffsetIdPrinterParser.INSTANCE_ID_Z) {
3908                         return ~prefixPos;
3909                     }
3910                     context.setParsed(ZoneId.of(prefix));
3911                     return position;
3912                 }
3913                 int offset = (int) newContext.getParsed(OFFSET_SECONDS).longValue();
3914                 ZoneOffset zoneOffset = ZoneOffset.ofTotalSeconds(offset);
3915                 context.setParsed(ZoneId.ofOffset(prefix, zoneOffset));
3916                 return endPos;
3917             } catch (DateTimeException dte) {
3918                 return ~prefixPos;
3919             }
3920         }
3921 
3922         @Override
3923         public String toString() {
3924             return description;
3925         }
3926     }
3927 
3928     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
3929     /**
3930      * A String based prefix tree for parsing time-zone names.
3931      */
3932     static class PrefixTree {
3933         protected String key;
3934         protected String value;
3935         protected char c0;    // performance optimization to avoid the
3936                               // boundary check cost of key.charat(0)
3937         protected PrefixTree child;
3938         protected PrefixTree sibling;
3939 
3940         private PrefixTree(String k, String v, PrefixTree child) {
3941             this.key = k;
3942             this.value = v;
3943             this.child = child;
3944             if (k.length() == 0){
3945                 c0 = 0xffff;
3946             } else {
3947                 c0 = key.charAt(0);
3948             }
3949         }
3950 
3951         /**
3952          * Creates a new prefix parsing tree based on parse context.
3953          *
3954          * @param context  the parse context
3955          * @return the tree, not null
3956          */
3957         public static PrefixTree newTree(DateTimeParseContext context) {
3958             //if (!context.isStrict()) {
3959             //    return new LENIENT("", null, null);
3960             //}
3961             if (context.isCaseSensitive()) {
3962                 return new PrefixTree("", null, null);
3963             }
3964             return new CI("", null, null);
3965         }
3966 
3967         /**
3968          * Creates a new prefix parsing tree.
3969          *
3970          * @param keys  a set of strings to build the prefix parsing tree, not null
3971          * @param context  the parse context
3972          * @return the tree, not null
3973          */
3974         public static  PrefixTree newTree(Set<String> keys, DateTimeParseContext context) {
3975             PrefixTree tree = newTree(context);
3976             for (String k : keys) {
3977                 tree.add0(k, k);
3978             }
3979             return tree;
3980         }
3981 
3982         /**
3983          * Clone a copy of this tree
3984          */
3985         public PrefixTree copyTree() {
3986             PrefixTree copy = new PrefixTree(key, value, null);
3987             if (child != null) {
3988                 copy.child = child.copyTree();
3989             }
3990             if (sibling != null) {
3991                 copy.sibling = sibling.copyTree();
3992             }
3993             return copy;
3994         }
3995 
3996 
3997         /**
3998          * Adds a pair of {key, value} into the prefix tree.
3999          *
4000          * @param k  the key, not null
4001          * @param v  the value, not null
4002          * @return  true if the pair is added successfully
4003          */
4004         public boolean add(String k, String v) {
4005             return add0(k, v);
4006         }
4007 
4008         private boolean add0(String k, String v) {
4009             k = toKey(k);
4010             int prefixLen = prefixLength(k);
4011             if (prefixLen == key.length()) {
4012                 if (prefixLen < k.length()) {  // down the tree
4013                     String subKey = k.substring(prefixLen);
4014                     PrefixTree c = child;
4015                     while (c != null) {
4016                         if (isEqual(c.c0, subKey.charAt(0))) {
4017                             return c.add0(subKey, v);
4018                         }
4019                         c = c.sibling;
4020                     }
4021                     // add the node as the child of the current node
4022                     c = newNode(subKey, v, null);
4023                     c.sibling = child;
4024                     child = c;
4025                     return true;
4026                 }
4027                 // have an existing <key, value> already, overwrite it
4028                 // if (value != null) {
4029                 //    return false;
4030                 //}
4031                 value = v;
4032                 return true;
4033             }
4034             // split the existing node
4035             PrefixTree n1 = newNode(key.substring(prefixLen), value, child);
4036             key = k.substring(0, prefixLen);
4037             child = n1;
4038             if (prefixLen < k.length()) {
4039                 PrefixTree n2 = newNode(k.substring(prefixLen), v, null);
4040                 child.sibling = n2;
4041                 value = null;
4042             } else {
4043                 value = v;
4044             }
4045             return true;
4046         }
4047 
4048         /**
4049          * Match text with the prefix tree.
4050          *
4051          * @param text  the input text to parse, not null
4052          * @param off  the offset position to start parsing at
4053          * @param end  the end position to stop parsing
4054          * @return the resulting string, or null if no match found.
4055          */
4056         public String match(CharSequence text, int off, int end) {
4057             if (!prefixOf(text, off, end)){
4058                 return null;
4059             }
4060             if (child != null && (off += key.length()) != end) {
4061                 PrefixTree c = child;
4062                 do {
4063                     if (isEqual(c.c0, text.charAt(off))) {
4064                         String found = c.match(text, off, end);
4065                         if (found != null) {
4066                             return found;
4067                         }
4068                         return value;
4069                     }
4070                     c = c.sibling;
4071                 } while (c != null);
4072             }
4073             return value;
4074         }
4075 
4076         /**
4077          * Match text with the prefix tree.
4078          *
4079          * @param text  the input text to parse, not null
4080          * @param pos  the position to start parsing at, from 0 to the text
4081          *  length. Upon return, position will be updated to the new parse
4082          *  position, or unchanged, if no match found.
4083          * @return the resulting string, or null if no match found.
4084          */
4085         public String match(CharSequence text, ParsePosition pos) {
4086             int off = pos.getIndex();
4087             int end = text.length();
4088             if (!prefixOf(text, off, end)){
4089                 return null;
4090             }
4091             off += key.length();
4092             if (child != null && off != end) {
4093                 PrefixTree c = child;
4094                 do {
4095                     if (isEqual(c.c0, text.charAt(off))) {
4096                         pos.setIndex(off);
4097                         String found = c.match(text, pos);
4098                         if (found != null) {
4099                             return found;
4100                         }
4101                         break;
4102                     }
4103                     c = c.sibling;
4104                 } while (c != null);
4105             }
4106             pos.setIndex(off);
4107             return value;
4108         }
4109 
4110         protected String toKey(String k) {
4111             return k;
4112         }
4113 
4114         protected PrefixTree newNode(String k, String v, PrefixTree child) {
4115             return new PrefixTree(k, v, child);
4116         }
4117 
4118         protected boolean isEqual(char c1, char c2) {
4119             return c1 == c2;
4120         }
4121 
4122         protected boolean prefixOf(CharSequence text, int off, int end) {
4123             if (text instanceof String) {
4124                 return ((String)text).startsWith(key, off);
4125             }
4126             int len = key.length();
4127             if (len > end - off) {
4128                 return false;
4129             }
4130             int off0 = 0;
4131             while (len-- > 0) {
4132                 if (!isEqual(key.charAt(off0++), text.charAt(off++))) {
4133                     return false;
4134                 }
4135             }
4136             return true;
4137         }
4138 
4139         private int prefixLength(String k) {
4140             int off = 0;
4141             while (off < k.length() && off < key.length()) {
4142                 if (!isEqual(k.charAt(off), key.charAt(off))) {
4143                     return off;
4144                 }
4145                 off++;
4146             }
4147             return off;
4148         }
4149 
4150         /**
4151          * Case Insensitive prefix tree.
4152          */
4153         private static class CI extends PrefixTree {
4154 
4155             private CI(String k, String v, PrefixTree child) {
4156                 super(k, v, child);
4157             }
4158 
4159             @Override
4160             protected CI newNode(String k, String v, PrefixTree child) {
4161                 return new CI(k, v, child);
4162             }
4163 
4164             @Override
4165             protected boolean isEqual(char c1, char c2) {
4166                 return DateTimeParseContext.charEqualsIgnoreCase(c1, c2);
4167             }
4168 
4169             @Override
4170             protected boolean prefixOf(CharSequence text, int off, int end) {
4171                 int len = key.length();
4172                 if (len > end - off) {
4173                     return false;
4174                 }
4175                 int off0 = 0;
4176                 while (len-- > 0) {
4177                     if (!isEqual(key.charAt(off0++), text.charAt(off++))) {
4178                         return false;
4179                     }
4180                 }
4181                 return true;
4182             }
4183         }
4184 
4185         /**
4186          * Lenient prefix tree. Case insensitive and ignores characters
4187          * like space, underscore and slash.
4188          */
4189         private static class LENIENT extends CI {
4190 
4191             private LENIENT(String k, String v, PrefixTree child) {
4192                 super(k, v, child);
4193             }
4194 
4195             @Override
4196             protected CI newNode(String k, String v, PrefixTree child) {
4197                 return new LENIENT(k, v, child);
4198             }
4199 
4200             private boolean isLenientChar(char c) {
4201                 return c == ' ' || c == '_' || c == '/';
4202             }
4203 
4204             protected String toKey(String k) {
4205                 for (int i = 0; i < k.length(); i++) {
4206                     if (isLenientChar(k.charAt(i))) {
4207                         StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(k.length());
4208                         sb.append(k, 0, i);
4209                         i++;
4210                         while (i < k.length()) {
4211                             if (!isLenientChar(k.charAt(i))) {
4212                                 sb.append(k.charAt(i));
4213                             }
4214                             i++;
4215                         }
4216                         return sb.toString();
4217                     }
4218                 }
4219                 return k;
4220             }
4221 
4222             @Override
4223             public String match(CharSequence text, ParsePosition pos) {
4224                 int off = pos.getIndex();
4225                 int end = text.length();
4226                 int len = key.length();
4227                 int koff = 0;
4228                 while (koff < len && off < end) {
4229                     if (isLenientChar(text.charAt(off))) {
4230                         off++;
4231                         continue;
4232                     }
4233                     if (!isEqual(key.charAt(koff++), text.charAt(off++))) {
4234                         return null;
4235                     }
4236                 }
4237                 if (koff != len) {
4238                     return null;
4239                 }
4240                 if (child != null && off != end) {
4241                     int off0 = off;
4242                     while (off0 < end && isLenientChar(text.charAt(off0))) {
4243                         off0++;
4244                     }
4245                     if (off0 < end) {
4246                         PrefixTree c = child;
4247                         do {
4248                             if (isEqual(c.c0, text.charAt(off0))) {
4249                                 pos.setIndex(off0);
4250                                 String found = c.match(text, pos);
4251                                 if (found != null) {
4252                                     return found;
4253                                 }
4254                                 break;
4255                             }
4256                             c = c.sibling;
4257                         } while (c != null);
4258                     }
4259                 }
4260                 pos.setIndex(off);
4261                 return value;
4262             }
4263         }
4264     }
4265 
4266     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
4267     /**
4268      * Prints or parses a chronology.
4269      */
4270     static final class ChronoPrinterParser implements DateTimePrinterParser {
4271         /** The text style to output, null means the ID. */
4272         private final TextStyle textStyle;
4273 
4274         ChronoPrinterParser(TextStyle textStyle) {
4275             // validated by caller
4276             this.textStyle = textStyle;
4277         }
4278 
4279         @Override
4280         public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
4281             Chronology chrono = context.getValue(TemporalQueries.chronology());
4282             if (chrono == null) {
4283                 return false;
4284             }
4285             if (textStyle == null) {
4286                 buf.append(chrono.getId());
4287             } else {
4288                 buf.append(getChronologyName(chrono, context.getLocale()));
4289             }
4290             return true;
4291         }
4292 
4293         @Override
4294         public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
4295             // simple looping parser to find the chronology
4296             if (position < 0 || position > text.length()) {
4297                 throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
4298             }
4299             Set<Chronology> chronos = Chronology.getAvailableChronologies();
4300             Chronology bestMatch = null;
4301             int matchLen = -1;
4302             for (Chronology chrono : chronos) {
4303                 String name;
4304                 if (textStyle == null) {
4305                     name = chrono.getId();
4306                 } else {
4307                     name = getChronologyName(chrono, context.getLocale());
4308                 }
4309                 int nameLen = name.length();
4310                 if (nameLen > matchLen && context.subSequenceEquals(text, position, name, 0, nameLen)) {
4311                     bestMatch = chrono;
4312                     matchLen = nameLen;
4313                 }
4314             }
4315             if (bestMatch == null) {
4316                 return ~position;
4317             }
4318             context.setParsed(bestMatch);
4319             return position + matchLen;
4320         }
4321 
4322         /**
4323          * Returns the chronology name of the given chrono in the given locale
4324          * if available, or the chronology Id otherwise. The regular ResourceBundle
4325          * search path is used for looking up the chronology name.
4326          *
4327          * @param chrono  the chronology, not null
4328          * @param locale  the locale, not null
4329          * @return the chronology name of chrono in locale, or the id if no name is available
4330          * @throws NullPointerException if chrono or locale is null
4331          */
4332         private String getChronologyName(Chronology chrono, Locale locale) {
4333             String key = "calendarname." + chrono.getCalendarType();
4334             String name = DateTimeTextProvider.getLocalizedResource(key, locale);
4335             return name != null ? name : chrono.getId();
4336         }
4337     }
4338 
4339     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
4340     /**
4341      * Prints or parses a localized pattern.
4342      */
4343     static final class LocalizedPrinterParser implements DateTimePrinterParser {
4344         /** Cache of formatters. */
4345         private static final ConcurrentMap<String, DateTimeFormatter> FORMATTER_CACHE = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(16, 0.75f, 2);
4346 
4347         private final FormatStyle dateStyle;
4348         private final FormatStyle timeStyle;
4349 
4350         /**
4351          * Constructor.
4352          *
4353          * @param dateStyle  the date style to use, may be null
4354          * @param timeStyle  the time style to use, may be null
4355          */
4356         LocalizedPrinterParser(FormatStyle dateStyle, FormatStyle timeStyle) {
4357             // validated by caller
4358             this.dateStyle = dateStyle;
4359             this.timeStyle = timeStyle;
4360         }
4361 
4362         @Override
4363         public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
4364             Chronology chrono = Chronology.from(context.getTemporal());
4365             return formatter(context.getLocale(), chrono).toPrinterParser(false).format(context, buf);
4366         }
4367 
4368         @Override
4369         public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
4370             Chronology chrono = context.getEffectiveChronology();
4371             return formatter(context.getLocale(), chrono).toPrinterParser(false).parse(context, text, position);
4372         }
4373 
4374         /**
4375          * Gets the formatter to use.
4376          * <p>
4377          * The formatter will be the most appropriate to use for the date and time style in the locale.
4378          * For example, some locales will use the month name while others will use the number.
4379          *
4380          * @param locale  the locale to use, not null
4381          * @param chrono  the chronology to use, not null
4382          * @return the formatter, not null
4383          * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the formatter cannot be found
4384          */
4385         private DateTimeFormatter formatter(Locale locale, Chronology chrono) {
4386             String key = chrono.getId() + '|' + locale.toString() + '|' + dateStyle + timeStyle;
4387             DateTimeFormatter formatter = FORMATTER_CACHE.get(key);
4388             if (formatter == null) {
4389                 String pattern = getLocalizedDateTimePattern(dateStyle, timeStyle, chrono, locale);
4390                 formatter = new DateTimeFormatterBuilder().appendPattern(pattern).toFormatter(locale);
4391                 DateTimeFormatter old = FORMATTER_CACHE.putIfAbsent(key, formatter);
4392                 if (old != null) {
4393                     formatter = old;
4394                 }
4395             }
4396             return formatter;
4397         }
4398 
4399         @Override
4400         public String toString() {
4401             return "Localized(" + (dateStyle != null ? dateStyle : "") + "," +
4402                 (timeStyle != null ? timeStyle : "") + ")";
4403         }
4404     }
4405 
4406     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
4407     /**
4408      * Prints or parses a localized pattern from a localized field.
4409      * The specific formatter and parameters is not selected until the
4410      * the field is to be printed or parsed.
4411      * The locale is needed to select the proper WeekFields from which
4412      * the field for day-of-week, week-of-month, or week-of-year is selected.
4413      */
4414     static final class WeekBasedFieldPrinterParser implements DateTimePrinterParser {
4415         private char chr;
4416         private int count;
4417 
4418         /**
4419          * Constructor.
4420          *
4421          * @param chr the pattern format letter that added this PrinterParser.
4422          * @param count the repeat count of the format letter
4423          */
4424         WeekBasedFieldPrinterParser(char chr, int count) {
4425             this.chr = chr;
4426             this.count = count;
4427         }
4428 
4429         @Override
4430         public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
4431             return printerParser(context.getLocale()).format(context, buf);
4432         }
4433 
4434         @Override
4435         public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
4436             return printerParser(context.getLocale()).parse(context, text, position);
4437         }
4438 
4439         /**
4440          * Gets the printerParser to use based on the field and the locale.
4441          *
4442          * @param locale  the locale to use, not null
4443          * @return the formatter, not null
4444          * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the formatter cannot be found
4445          */
4446         private DateTimePrinterParser printerParser(Locale locale) {
4447             WeekFields weekDef = WeekFields.of(locale);
4448             TemporalField field = null;
4449             switch (chr) {
4450                 case 'Y':
4451                     field = weekDef.weekBasedYear();
4452                     if (count == 2) {
4453                         return new ReducedPrinterParser(field, 2, 2, 0, ReducedPrinterParser.BASE_DATE, 0);
4454                     } else {
4455                         return new NumberPrinterParser(field, count, 19,
4456                                 (count < 4) ? SignStyle.NORMAL : SignStyle.EXCEEDS_PAD, -1);
4457                     }
4458                 case 'e':
4459                 case 'c':
4460                     field = weekDef.dayOfWeek();
4461                     break;
4462                 case 'w':
4463                     field = weekDef.weekOfWeekBasedYear();
4464                     break;
4465                 case 'W':
4466                     field = weekDef.weekOfMonth();
4467                     break;
4468                 default:
4469                     throw new IllegalStateException("unreachable");
4470             }
4471             return new NumberPrinterParser(field, (count == 2 ? 2 : 1), 2, SignStyle.NOT_NEGATIVE);
4472         }
4473 
4474         @Override
4475         public String toString() {
4476             StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(30);
4477             sb.append("Localized(");
4478             if (chr == 'Y') {
4479                 if (count == 1) {
4480                     sb.append("WeekBasedYear");
4481                 } else if (count == 2) {
4482                     sb.append("ReducedValue(WeekBasedYear,2,2,2000-01-01)");
4483                 } else {
4484                     sb.append("WeekBasedYear,").append(count).append(",")
4485                             .append(19).append(",")
4486                             .append((count < 4) ? SignStyle.NORMAL : SignStyle.EXCEEDS_PAD);
4487                 }
4488             } else {
4489                 switch (chr) {
4490                     case 'c':
4491                     case 'e':
4492                         sb.append("DayOfWeek");
4493                         break;
4494                     case 'w':
4495                         sb.append("WeekOfWeekBasedYear");
4496                         break;
4497                     case 'W':
4498                         sb.append("WeekOfMonth");
4499                         break;
4500                     default:
4501                         break;
4502                 }
4503                 sb.append(",");
4504                 sb.append(count);
4505             }
4506             sb.append(")");
4507             return sb.toString();
4508         }
4509     }
4510 
4511     //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
4512     /**
4513      * Length comparator.
4514      */
4515     static final Comparator<String> LENGTH_SORT = new Comparator<String>() {
4516         @Override
4517         public int compare(String str1, String str2) {
4518             return str1.length() == str2.length() ? str1.compareTo(str2) : str1.length() - str2.length();
4519         }
4520     };
4521 }