1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1994, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
  10  *
  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  20  *
  21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  23  * questions.
  24  */
  25 package java.lang;
  26 
  27 import java.io.*;
  28 import java.util.Properties;
  29 import java.util.PropertyPermission;
  30 import java.util.StringTokenizer;
  31 import java.security.AccessController;
  32 import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
  33 import java.security.AllPermission;
  34 import java.nio.channels.Channel;
  35 import java.nio.channels.spi.SelectorProvider;
  36 import sun.nio.ch.Interruptible;
  37 import sun.reflect.Reflection;
  38 import sun.security.util.SecurityConstants;
  39 import sun.reflect.annotation.AnnotationType;
  40 
  41 /**
  42  * The <code>System</code> class contains several useful class fields
  43  * and methods. It cannot be instantiated.
  44  *
  45  * <p>Among the facilities provided by the <code>System</code> class
  46  * are standard input, standard output, and error output streams;
  47  * access to externally defined properties and environment
  48  * variables; a means of loading files and libraries; and a utility
  49  * method for quickly copying a portion of an array.
  50  *
  51  * @author  unascribed
  52  * @since   JDK1.0
  53  */
  54 public final class System {
  55 
  56     /* register the natives via the static initializer.
  57      *
  58      * VM will invoke the initializeSystemClass method to complete
  59      * the initialization for this class separated from clinit.
  60      * Note that to use properties set by the VM, see the constraints
  61      * described in the initializeSystemClass method.
  62      */
  63     private static native void registerNatives();
  64     static {
  65         registerNatives();
  66     }
  67 
  68     /** Don't let anyone instantiate this class */
  69     private System() {
  70     }
  71 
  72     /**
  73      * The "standard" input stream. This stream is already
  74      * open and ready to supply input data. Typically this stream
  75      * corresponds to keyboard input or another input source specified by
  76      * the host environment or user.
  77      */
  78     public final static InputStream in = null;
  79 
  80     /**
  81      * The "standard" output stream. This stream is already
  82      * open and ready to accept output data. Typically this stream
  83      * corresponds to display output or another output destination
  84      * specified by the host environment or user.
  85      * <p>
  86      * For simple stand-alone Java applications, a typical way to write
  87      * a line of output data is:
  88      * <blockquote><pre>
  89      *     System.out.println(data)
  90      * </pre></blockquote>
  91      * <p>
  92      * See the <code>println</code> methods in class <code>PrintStream</code>.
  93      *
  94      * @see     java.io.PrintStream#println()
  95      * @see     java.io.PrintStream#println(boolean)
  96      * @see     java.io.PrintStream#println(char)
  97      * @see     java.io.PrintStream#println(char[])
  98      * @see     java.io.PrintStream#println(double)
  99      * @see     java.io.PrintStream#println(float)
 100      * @see     java.io.PrintStream#println(int)
 101      * @see     java.io.PrintStream#println(long)
 102      * @see     java.io.PrintStream#println(java.lang.Object)
 103      * @see     java.io.PrintStream#println(java.lang.String)
 104      */
 105     public final static PrintStream out = null;
 106 
 107     /**
 108      * The "standard" error output stream. This stream is already
 109      * open and ready to accept output data.
 110      * <p>
 111      * Typically this stream corresponds to display output or another
 112      * output destination specified by the host environment or user. By
 113      * convention, this output stream is used to display error messages
 114      * or other information that should come to the immediate attention
 115      * of a user even if the principal output stream, the value of the
 116      * variable <code>out</code>, has been redirected to a file or other
 117      * destination that is typically not continuously monitored.
 118      */
 119     public final static PrintStream err = null;
 120 
 121     /* The security manager for the system.
 122      */
 123     private static volatile SecurityManager security = null;
 124 
 125     /**
 126      * Reassigns the "standard" input stream.
 127      *
 128      * <p>First, if there is a security manager, its <code>checkPermission</code>
 129      * method is called with a <code>RuntimePermission("setIO")</code> permission
 130      *  to see if it's ok to reassign the "standard" input stream.
 131      * <p>
 132      *
 133      * @param in the new standard input stream.
 134      *
 135      * @throws SecurityException
 136      *        if a security manager exists and its
 137      *        <code>checkPermission</code> method doesn't allow
 138      *        reassigning of the standard input stream.
 139      *
 140      * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
 141      * @see java.lang.RuntimePermission
 142      *
 143      * @since   JDK1.1
 144      */
 145     public static void setIn(InputStream in) {
 146         checkIO();
 147         setIn0(in);
 148     }
 149 
 150     /**
 151      * Reassigns the "standard" output stream.
 152      *
 153      * <p>First, if there is a security manager, its <code>checkPermission</code>
 154      * method is called with a <code>RuntimePermission("setIO")</code> permission
 155      *  to see if it's ok to reassign the "standard" output stream.
 156      *
 157      * @param out the new standard output stream
 158      *
 159      * @throws SecurityException
 160      *        if a security manager exists and its
 161      *        <code>checkPermission</code> method doesn't allow
 162      *        reassigning of the standard output stream.
 163      *
 164      * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
 165      * @see java.lang.RuntimePermission
 166      *
 167      * @since   JDK1.1
 168      */
 169     public static void setOut(PrintStream out) {
 170         checkIO();
 171         setOut0(out);
 172     }
 173 
 174     /**
 175      * Reassigns the "standard" error output stream.
 176      *
 177      * <p>First, if there is a security manager, its <code>checkPermission</code>
 178      * method is called with a <code>RuntimePermission("setIO")</code> permission
 179      *  to see if it's ok to reassign the "standard" error output stream.
 180      *
 181      * @param err the new standard error output stream.
 182      *
 183      * @throws SecurityException
 184      *        if a security manager exists and its
 185      *        <code>checkPermission</code> method doesn't allow
 186      *        reassigning of the standard error output stream.
 187      *
 188      * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
 189      * @see java.lang.RuntimePermission
 190      *
 191      * @since   JDK1.1
 192      */
 193     public static void setErr(PrintStream err) {
 194         checkIO();
 195         setErr0(err);
 196     }
 197 
 198     private static volatile Console cons = null;
 199     /**
 200      * Returns the unique {@link java.io.Console Console} object associated
 201      * with the current Java virtual machine, if any.
 202      *
 203      * @return  The system console, if any, otherwise <tt>null</tt>.
 204      *
 205      * @since   1.6
 206      */
 207      public static Console console() {
 208          if (cons == null) {
 209              synchronized (System.class) {
 210                  cons = sun.misc.SharedSecrets.getJavaIOAccess().console();
 211              }
 212          }
 213          return cons;
 214      }
 215 
 216     /**
 217      * Returns the channel inherited from the entity that created this
 218      * Java virtual machine.
 219      *
 220      * <p> This method returns the channel obtained by invoking the
 221      * {@link java.nio.channels.spi.SelectorProvider#inheritedChannel
 222      * inheritedChannel} method of the system-wide default
 223      * {@link java.nio.channels.spi.SelectorProvider} object. </p>
 224      *
 225      * <p> In addition to the network-oriented channels described in
 226      * {@link java.nio.channels.spi.SelectorProvider#inheritedChannel
 227      * inheritedChannel}, this method may return other kinds of
 228      * channels in the future.
 229      *
 230      * @return  The inherited channel, if any, otherwise <tt>null</tt>.
 231      *
 232      * @throws  IOException
 233      *          If an I/O error occurs
 234      *
 235      * @throws  SecurityException
 236      *          If a security manager is present and it does not
 237      *          permit access to the channel.
 238      *
 239      * @since 1.5
 240      */
 241     public static Channel inheritedChannel() throws IOException {
 242         return SelectorProvider.provider().inheritedChannel();
 243     }
 244 
 245     private static void checkIO() {
 246         SecurityManager sm = getSecurityManager();
 247         if (sm != null) {
 248             sm.checkPermission(new RuntimePermission("setIO"));
 249         }
 250     }
 251 
 252     private static native void setIn0(InputStream in);
 253     private static native void setOut0(PrintStream out);
 254     private static native void setErr0(PrintStream err);
 255 
 256     /**
 257      * Sets the System security.
 258      *
 259      * <p> If there is a security manager already installed, this method first
 260      * calls the security manager's <code>checkPermission</code> method
 261      * with a <code>RuntimePermission("setSecurityManager")</code>
 262      * permission to ensure it's ok to replace the existing
 263      * security manager.
 264      * This may result in throwing a <code>SecurityException</code>.
 265      *
 266      * <p> Otherwise, the argument is established as the current
 267      * security manager. If the argument is <code>null</code> and no
 268      * security manager has been established, then no action is taken and
 269      * the method simply returns.
 270      *
 271      * @param      s   the security manager.
 272      * @exception  SecurityException  if the security manager has already
 273      *             been set and its <code>checkPermission</code> method
 274      *             doesn't allow it to be replaced.
 275      * @see #getSecurityManager
 276      * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
 277      * @see java.lang.RuntimePermission
 278      */
 279     public static
 280     void setSecurityManager(final SecurityManager s) {
 281         try {
 282             s.checkPackageAccess("java.lang");
 283         } catch (Exception e) {
 284             // no-op
 285         }
 286         setSecurityManager0(s);
 287     }
 288 
 289     private static synchronized
 290     void setSecurityManager0(final SecurityManager s) {
 291         SecurityManager sm = getSecurityManager();
 292         if (sm != null) {
 293             // ask the currently installed security manager if we
 294             // can replace it.
 295             sm.checkPermission(new RuntimePermission
 296                                      ("setSecurityManager"));
 297         }
 298 
 299         if ((s != null) && (s.getClass().getClassLoader() != null)) {
 300             // New security manager class is not on bootstrap classpath.
 301             // Cause policy to get initialized before we install the new
 302             // security manager, in order to prevent infinite loops when
 303             // trying to initialize the policy (which usually involves
 304             // accessing some security and/or system properties, which in turn
 305             // calls the installed security manager's checkPermission method
 306             // which will loop infinitely if there is a non-system class
 307             // (in this case: the new security manager class) on the stack).
 308             AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Object>() {
 309                 public Object run() {
 310                     s.getClass().getProtectionDomain().implies
 311                         (SecurityConstants.ALL_PERMISSION);
 312                     return null;
 313                 }
 314             });
 315         }
 316 
 317         security = s;
 318     }
 319 
 320     /**
 321      * Gets the system security interface.
 322      *
 323      * @return  if a security manager has already been established for the
 324      *          current application, then that security manager is returned;
 325      *          otherwise, <code>null</code> is returned.
 326      * @see     #setSecurityManager
 327      */
 328     public static SecurityManager getSecurityManager() {
 329         return security;
 330     }
 331 
 332     /**
 333      * Returns the current time in milliseconds.  Note that
 334      * while the unit of time of the return value is a millisecond,
 335      * the granularity of the value depends on the underlying
 336      * operating system and may be larger.  For example, many
 337      * operating systems measure time in units of tens of
 338      * milliseconds.
 339      *
 340      * <p> See the description of the class <code>Date</code> for
 341      * a discussion of slight discrepancies that may arise between
 342      * "computer time" and coordinated universal time (UTC).
 343      *
 344      * @return  the difference, measured in milliseconds, between
 345      *          the current time and midnight, January 1, 1970 UTC.
 346      * @see     java.util.Date
 347      */
 348     public static native long currentTimeMillis();
 349 
 350     /**
 351      * Returns the current value of the running Java Virtual Machine's
 352      * high-resolution time source, in nanoseconds.
 353      *
 354      * <p>This method can only be used to measure elapsed time and is
 355      * not related to any other notion of system or wall-clock time.
 356      * The value returned represents nanoseconds since some fixed but
 357      * arbitrary <i>origin</i> time (perhaps in the future, so values
 358      * may be negative).  The same origin is used by all invocations of
 359      * this method in an instance of a Java virtual machine; other
 360      * virtual machine instances are likely to use a different origin.
 361      *
 362      * <p>This method provides nanosecond precision, but not necessarily
 363      * nanosecond resolution (that is, how frequently the value changes)
 364      * - no guarantees are made except that the resolution is at least as
 365      * good as that of {@link #currentTimeMillis()}.
 366      *
 367      * <p>Differences in successive calls that span greater than
 368      * approximately 292 years (2<sup>63</sup> nanoseconds) will not
 369      * correctly compute elapsed time due to numerical overflow.
 370      *
 371      * <p>The values returned by this method become meaningful only when
 372      * the difference between two such values, obtained within the same
 373      * instance of a Java virtual machine, is computed.
 374      *
 375      * <p> For example, to measure how long some code takes to execute:
 376      *  <pre> {@code
 377      * long startTime = System.nanoTime();
 378      * // ... the code being measured ...
 379      * long estimatedTime = System.nanoTime() - startTime;}</pre>
 380      *
 381      * <p>To compare two nanoTime values
 382      *  <pre> {@code
 383      * long t0 = System.nanoTime();
 384      * ...
 385      * long t1 = System.nanoTime();}</pre>
 386      *
 387      * one should use {@code t1 - t0 < 0}, not {@code t1 < t0},
 388      * because of the possibility of numerical overflow.
 389      *
 390      * @return the current value of the running Java Virtual Machine's
 391      *         high-resolution time source, in nanoseconds
 392      * @since 1.5
 393      */
 394     public static native long nanoTime();
 395 
 396     /**
 397      * Copies an array from the specified source array, beginning at the
 398      * specified position, to the specified position of the destination array.
 399      * A subsequence of array components are copied from the source
 400      * array referenced by <code>src</code> to the destination array
 401      * referenced by <code>dest</code>. The number of components copied is
 402      * equal to the <code>length</code> argument. The components at
 403      * positions <code>srcPos</code> through
 404      * <code>srcPos+length-1</code> in the source array are copied into
 405      * positions <code>destPos</code> through
 406      * <code>destPos+length-1</code>, respectively, of the destination
 407      * array.
 408      * <p>
 409      * If the <code>src</code> and <code>dest</code> arguments refer to the
 410      * same array object, then the copying is performed as if the
 411      * components at positions <code>srcPos</code> through
 412      * <code>srcPos+length-1</code> were first copied to a temporary
 413      * array with <code>length</code> components and then the contents of
 414      * the temporary array were copied into positions
 415      * <code>destPos</code> through <code>destPos+length-1</code> of the
 416      * destination array.
 417      * <p>
 418      * If <code>dest</code> is <code>null</code>, then a
 419      * <code>NullPointerException</code> is thrown.
 420      * <p>
 421      * If <code>src</code> is <code>null</code>, then a
 422      * <code>NullPointerException</code> is thrown and the destination
 423      * array is not modified.
 424      * <p>
 425      * Otherwise, if any of the following is true, an
 426      * <code>ArrayStoreException</code> is thrown and the destination is
 427      * not modified:
 428      * <ul>
 429      * <li>The <code>src</code> argument refers to an object that is not an
 430      *     array.
 431      * <li>The <code>dest</code> argument refers to an object that is not an
 432      *     array.
 433      * <li>The <code>src</code> argument and <code>dest</code> argument refer
 434      *     to arrays whose component types are different primitive types.
 435      * <li>The <code>src</code> argument refers to an array with a primitive
 436      *    component type and the <code>dest</code> argument refers to an array
 437      *     with a reference component type.
 438      * <li>The <code>src</code> argument refers to an array with a reference
 439      *    component type and the <code>dest</code> argument refers to an array
 440      *     with a primitive component type.
 441      * </ul>
 442      * <p>
 443      * Otherwise, if any of the following is true, an
 444      * <code>IndexOutOfBoundsException</code> is
 445      * thrown and the destination is not modified:
 446      * <ul>
 447      * <li>The <code>srcPos</code> argument is negative.
 448      * <li>The <code>destPos</code> argument is negative.
 449      * <li>The <code>length</code> argument is negative.
 450      * <li><code>srcPos+length</code> is greater than
 451      *     <code>src.length</code>, the length of the source array.
 452      * <li><code>destPos+length</code> is greater than
 453      *     <code>dest.length</code>, the length of the destination array.
 454      * </ul>
 455      * <p>
 456      * Otherwise, if any actual component of the source array from
 457      * position <code>srcPos</code> through
 458      * <code>srcPos+length-1</code> cannot be converted to the component
 459      * type of the destination array by assignment conversion, an
 460      * <code>ArrayStoreException</code> is thrown. In this case, let
 461      * <b><i>k</i></b> be the smallest nonnegative integer less than
 462      * length such that <code>src[srcPos+</code><i>k</i><code>]</code>
 463      * cannot be converted to the component type of the destination
 464      * array; when the exception is thrown, source array components from
 465      * positions <code>srcPos</code> through
 466      * <code>srcPos+</code><i>k</i><code>-1</code>
 467      * will already have been copied to destination array positions
 468      * <code>destPos</code> through
 469      * <code>destPos+</code><i>k</I><code>-1</code> and no other
 470      * positions of the destination array will have been modified.
 471      * (Because of the restrictions already itemized, this
 472      * paragraph effectively applies only to the situation where both
 473      * arrays have component types that are reference types.)
 474      *
 475      * @param      src      the source array.
 476      * @param      srcPos   starting position in the source array.
 477      * @param      dest     the destination array.
 478      * @param      destPos  starting position in the destination data.
 479      * @param      length   the number of array elements to be copied.
 480      * @exception  IndexOutOfBoundsException  if copying would cause
 481      *               access of data outside array bounds.
 482      * @exception  ArrayStoreException  if an element in the <code>src</code>
 483      *               array could not be stored into the <code>dest</code> array
 484      *               because of a type mismatch.
 485      * @exception  NullPointerException if either <code>src</code> or
 486      *               <code>dest</code> is <code>null</code>.
 487      */
 488     public static native void arraycopy(Object src,  int  srcPos,
 489                                         Object dest, int destPos,
 490                                         int length);
 491 
 492     /**
 493      * Returns the same hash code for the given object as
 494      * would be returned by the default method hashCode(),
 495      * whether or not the given object's class overrides
 496      * hashCode().
 497      * The hash code for the null reference is zero.
 498      *
 499      * @param x object for which the hashCode is to be calculated
 500      * @return  the hashCode
 501      * @since   JDK1.1
 502      */
 503     public static native int identityHashCode(Object x);
 504 
 505     /**
 506      * System properties. The following properties are guaranteed to be defined:
 507      * <dl>
 508      * <dt>java.version         <dd>Java version number
 509      * <dt>java.vendor          <dd>Java vendor specific string
 510      * <dt>java.vendor.url      <dd>Java vendor URL
 511      * <dt>java.home            <dd>Java installation directory
 512      * <dt>java.class.version   <dd>Java class version number
 513      * <dt>java.class.path      <dd>Java classpath
 514      * <dt>os.name              <dd>Operating System Name
 515      * <dt>os.arch              <dd>Operating System Architecture
 516      * <dt>os.version           <dd>Operating System Version
 517      * <dt>file.separator       <dd>File separator ("/" on Unix)
 518      * <dt>path.separator       <dd>Path separator (":" on Unix)
 519      * <dt>line.separator       <dd>Line separator ("\n" on Unix)
 520      * <dt>user.name            <dd>User account name
 521      * <dt>user.home            <dd>User home directory
 522      * <dt>user.dir             <dd>User's current working directory
 523      * </dl>
 524      */
 525 
 526     private static Properties props;
 527     private static native Properties initProperties(Properties props);
 528 
 529     /**
 530      * Determines the current system properties.
 531      * <p>
 532      * First, if there is a security manager, its
 533      * <code>checkPropertiesAccess</code> method is called with no
 534      * arguments. This may result in a security exception.
 535      * <p>
 536      * The current set of system properties for use by the
 537      * {@link #getProperty(String)} method is returned as a
 538      * <code>Properties</code> object. If there is no current set of
 539      * system properties, a set of system properties is first created and
 540      * initialized. This set of system properties always includes values
 541      * for the following keys:
 542      * <table summary="Shows property keys and associated values">
 543      * <tr><th>Key</th>
 544      *     <th>Description of Associated Value</th></tr>
 545      * <tr><td><code>java.version</code></td>
 546      *     <td>Java Runtime Environment version</td></tr>
 547      * <tr><td><code>java.vendor</code></td>
 548      *     <td>Java Runtime Environment vendor</td></tr
 549      * <tr><td><code>java.vendor.url</code></td>
 550      *     <td>Java vendor URL</td></tr>
 551      * <tr><td><code>java.home</code></td>
 552      *     <td>Java installation directory</td></tr>
 553      * <tr><td><code>java.vm.specification.version</code></td>
 554      *     <td>Java Virtual Machine specification version</td></tr>
 555      * <tr><td><code>java.vm.specification.vendor</code></td>
 556      *     <td>Java Virtual Machine specification vendor</td></tr>
 557      * <tr><td><code>java.vm.specification.name</code></td>
 558      *     <td>Java Virtual Machine specification name</td></tr>
 559      * <tr><td><code>java.vm.version</code></td>
 560      *     <td>Java Virtual Machine implementation version</td></tr>
 561      * <tr><td><code>java.vm.vendor</code></td>
 562      *     <td>Java Virtual Machine implementation vendor</td></tr>
 563      * <tr><td><code>java.vm.name</code></td>
 564      *     <td>Java Virtual Machine implementation name</td></tr>
 565      * <tr><td><code>java.specification.version</code></td>
 566      *     <td>Java Runtime Environment specification  version</td></tr>
 567      * <tr><td><code>java.specification.vendor</code></td>
 568      *     <td>Java Runtime Environment specification  vendor</td></tr>
 569      * <tr><td><code>java.specification.name</code></td>
 570      *     <td>Java Runtime Environment specification  name</td></tr>
 571      * <tr><td><code>java.class.version</code></td>
 572      *     <td>Java class format version number</td></tr>
 573      * <tr><td><code>java.class.path</code></td>
 574      *     <td>Java class path</td></tr>
 575      * <tr><td><code>java.library.path</code></td>
 576      *     <td>List of paths to search when loading libraries</td></tr>
 577      * <tr><td><code>java.io.tmpdir</code></td>
 578      *     <td>Default temp file path</td></tr>
 579      * <tr><td><code>java.compiler</code></td>
 580      *     <td>Name of JIT compiler to use</td></tr>
 581      * <tr><td><code>java.ext.dirs</code></td>
 582      *     <td>Path of extension directory or directories</td></tr>
 583      * <tr><td><code>os.name</code></td>
 584      *     <td>Operating system name</td></tr>
 585      * <tr><td><code>os.arch</code></td>
 586      *     <td>Operating system architecture</td></tr>
 587      * <tr><td><code>os.version</code></td>
 588      *     <td>Operating system version</td></tr>
 589      * <tr><td><code>file.separator</code></td>
 590      *     <td>File separator ("/" on UNIX)</td></tr>
 591      * <tr><td><code>path.separator</code></td>
 592      *     <td>Path separator (":" on UNIX)</td></tr>
 593      * <tr><td><code>line.separator</code></td>
 594      *     <td>Line separator ("\n" on UNIX)</td></tr>
 595      * <tr><td><code>user.name</code></td>
 596      *     <td>User's account name</td></tr>
 597      * <tr><td><code>user.home</code></td>
 598      *     <td>User's home directory</td></tr>
 599      * <tr><td><code>user.dir</code></td>
 600      *     <td>User's current working directory</td></tr>
 601      * </table>
 602      * <p>
 603      * Multiple paths in a system property value are separated by the path
 604      * separator character of the platform.
 605      * <p>
 606      * Note that even if the security manager does not permit the
 607      * <code>getProperties</code> operation, it may choose to permit the
 608      * {@link #getProperty(String)} operation.
 609      *
 610      * @return     the system properties
 611      * @exception  SecurityException  if a security manager exists and its
 612      *             <code>checkPropertiesAccess</code> method doesn't allow access
 613      *              to the system properties.
 614      * @see        #setProperties
 615      * @see        java.lang.SecurityException
 616      * @see        java.lang.SecurityManager#checkPropertiesAccess()
 617      * @see        java.util.Properties
 618      */
 619     public static Properties getProperties() {
 620         SecurityManager sm = getSecurityManager();
 621         if (sm != null) {
 622             sm.checkPropertiesAccess();
 623         }
 624 
 625         return props;
 626     }
 627 
 628     /**
 629      * Returns the system-dependent line separator string.  It always
 630      * returns the same value - the initial value of the {@linkplain
 631      * #getProperty(String) system property} {@code line.separator}.
 632      *
 633      * <p>On UNIX systems, it returns {@code "\n"}; on Microsoft
 634      * Windows systems it returns {@code "\r\n"}.
 635      */
 636     public static String lineSeparator() {
 637         return lineSeparator;
 638     }
 639 
 640     private static String lineSeparator;
 641 
 642     /**
 643      * Sets the system properties to the <code>Properties</code>
 644      * argument.
 645      * <p>
 646      * First, if there is a security manager, its
 647      * <code>checkPropertiesAccess</code> method is called with no
 648      * arguments. This may result in a security exception.
 649      * <p>
 650      * The argument becomes the current set of system properties for use
 651      * by the {@link #getProperty(String)} method. If the argument is
 652      * <code>null</code>, then the current set of system properties is
 653      * forgotten.
 654      *
 655      * @param      props   the new system properties.
 656      * @exception  SecurityException  if a security manager exists and its
 657      *             <code>checkPropertiesAccess</code> method doesn't allow access
 658      *              to the system properties.
 659      * @see        #getProperties
 660      * @see        java.util.Properties
 661      * @see        java.lang.SecurityException
 662      * @see        java.lang.SecurityManager#checkPropertiesAccess()
 663      */
 664     public static void setProperties(Properties props) {
 665         SecurityManager sm = getSecurityManager();
 666         if (sm != null) {
 667             sm.checkPropertiesAccess();
 668         }
 669         if (props == null) {
 670             props = new Properties();
 671             initProperties(props);
 672         }
 673         System.props = props;
 674     }
 675 
 676     /**
 677      * Gets the system property indicated by the specified key.
 678      * <p>
 679      * First, if there is a security manager, its
 680      * <code>checkPropertyAccess</code> method is called with the key as
 681      * its argument. This may result in a SecurityException.
 682      * <p>
 683      * If there is no current set of system properties, a set of system
 684      * properties is first created and initialized in the same manner as
 685      * for the <code>getProperties</code> method.
 686      *
 687      * @param      key   the name of the system property.
 688      * @return     the string value of the system property,
 689      *             or <code>null</code> if there is no property with that key.
 690      *
 691      * @exception  SecurityException  if a security manager exists and its
 692      *             <code>checkPropertyAccess</code> method doesn't allow
 693      *              access to the specified system property.
 694      * @exception  NullPointerException if <code>key</code> is
 695      *             <code>null</code>.
 696      * @exception  IllegalArgumentException if <code>key</code> is empty.
 697      * @see        #setProperty
 698      * @see        java.lang.SecurityException
 699      * @see        java.lang.SecurityManager#checkPropertyAccess(java.lang.String)
 700      * @see        java.lang.System#getProperties()
 701      */
 702     public static String getProperty(String key) {
 703         checkKey(key);
 704         SecurityManager sm = getSecurityManager();
 705         if (sm != null) {
 706             sm.checkPropertyAccess(key);
 707         }
 708 
 709         return props.getProperty(key);
 710     }
 711 
 712     /**
 713      * Gets the system property indicated by the specified key.
 714      * <p>
 715      * First, if there is a security manager, its
 716      * <code>checkPropertyAccess</code> method is called with the
 717      * <code>key</code> as its argument.
 718      * <p>
 719      * If there is no current set of system properties, a set of system
 720      * properties is first created and initialized in the same manner as
 721      * for the <code>getProperties</code> method.
 722      *
 723      * @param      key   the name of the system property.
 724      * @param      def   a default value.
 725      * @return     the string value of the system property,
 726      *             or the default value if there is no property with that key.
 727      *
 728      * @exception  SecurityException  if a security manager exists and its
 729      *             <code>checkPropertyAccess</code> method doesn't allow
 730      *             access to the specified system property.
 731      * @exception  NullPointerException if <code>key</code> is
 732      *             <code>null</code>.
 733      * @exception  IllegalArgumentException if <code>key</code> is empty.
 734      * @see        #setProperty
 735      * @see        java.lang.SecurityManager#checkPropertyAccess(java.lang.String)
 736      * @see        java.lang.System#getProperties()
 737      */
 738     public static String getProperty(String key, String def) {
 739         checkKey(key);
 740         SecurityManager sm = getSecurityManager();
 741         if (sm != null) {
 742             sm.checkPropertyAccess(key);
 743         }
 744 
 745         return props.getProperty(key, def);
 746     }
 747 
 748     /**
 749      * Sets the system property indicated by the specified key.
 750      * <p>
 751      * First, if a security manager exists, its
 752      * <code>SecurityManager.checkPermission</code> method
 753      * is called with a <code>PropertyPermission(key, "write")</code>
 754      * permission. This may result in a SecurityException being thrown.
 755      * If no exception is thrown, the specified property is set to the given
 756      * value.
 757      * <p>
 758      *
 759      * @param      key   the name of the system property.
 760      * @param      value the value of the system property.
 761      * @return     the previous value of the system property,
 762      *             or <code>null</code> if it did not have one.
 763      *
 764      * @exception  SecurityException  if a security manager exists and its
 765      *             <code>checkPermission</code> method doesn't allow
 766      *             setting of the specified property.
 767      * @exception  NullPointerException if <code>key</code> or
 768      *             <code>value</code> is <code>null</code>.
 769      * @exception  IllegalArgumentException if <code>key</code> is empty.
 770      * @see        #getProperty
 771      * @see        java.lang.System#getProperty(java.lang.String)
 772      * @see        java.lang.System#getProperty(java.lang.String, java.lang.String)
 773      * @see        java.util.PropertyPermission
 774      * @see        SecurityManager#checkPermission
 775      * @since      1.2
 776      */
 777     public static String setProperty(String key, String value) {
 778         checkKey(key);
 779         SecurityManager sm = getSecurityManager();
 780         if (sm != null) {
 781             sm.checkPermission(new PropertyPermission(key,
 782                 SecurityConstants.PROPERTY_WRITE_ACTION));
 783         }
 784 
 785         return (String) props.setProperty(key, value);
 786     }
 787 
 788     /**
 789      * Removes the system property indicated by the specified key.
 790      * <p>
 791      * First, if a security manager exists, its
 792      * <code>SecurityManager.checkPermission</code> method
 793      * is called with a <code>PropertyPermission(key, "write")</code>
 794      * permission. This may result in a SecurityException being thrown.
 795      * If no exception is thrown, the specified property is removed.
 796      * <p>
 797      *
 798      * @param      key   the name of the system property to be removed.
 799      * @return     the previous string value of the system property,
 800      *             or <code>null</code> if there was no property with that key.
 801      *
 802      * @exception  SecurityException  if a security manager exists and its
 803      *             <code>checkPropertyAccess</code> method doesn't allow
 804      *              access to the specified system property.
 805      * @exception  NullPointerException if <code>key</code> is
 806      *             <code>null</code>.
 807      * @exception  IllegalArgumentException if <code>key</code> is empty.
 808      * @see        #getProperty
 809      * @see        #setProperty
 810      * @see        java.util.Properties
 811      * @see        java.lang.SecurityException
 812      * @see        java.lang.SecurityManager#checkPropertiesAccess()
 813      * @since 1.5
 814      */
 815     public static String clearProperty(String key) {
 816         checkKey(key);
 817         SecurityManager sm = getSecurityManager();
 818         if (sm != null) {
 819             sm.checkPermission(new PropertyPermission(key, "write"));
 820         }
 821 
 822         return (String) props.remove(key);
 823     }
 824 
 825     private static void checkKey(String key) {
 826         if (key == null) {
 827             throw new NullPointerException("key can't be null");
 828         }
 829         if (key.equals("")) {
 830             throw new IllegalArgumentException("key can't be empty");
 831         }
 832     }
 833 
 834     /**
 835      * Gets the value of the specified environment variable. An
 836      * environment variable is a system-dependent external named
 837      * value.
 838      *
 839      * <p>If a security manager exists, its
 840      * {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission checkPermission}
 841      * method is called with a
 842      * <code>{@link RuntimePermission}("getenv."+name)</code>
 843      * permission.  This may result in a {@link SecurityException}
 844      * being thrown.  If no exception is thrown the value of the
 845      * variable <code>name</code> is returned.
 846      *
 847      * <p><a name="EnvironmentVSSystemProperties"><i>System
 848      * properties</i> and <i>environment variables</i></a> are both
 849      * conceptually mappings between names and values.  Both
 850      * mechanisms can be used to pass user-defined information to a
 851      * Java process.  Environment variables have a more global effect,
 852      * because they are visible to all descendants of the process
 853      * which defines them, not just the immediate Java subprocess.
 854      * They can have subtly different semantics, such as case
 855      * insensitivity, on different operating systems.  For these
 856      * reasons, environment variables are more likely to have
 857      * unintended side effects.  It is best to use system properties
 858      * where possible.  Environment variables should be used when a
 859      * global effect is desired, or when an external system interface
 860      * requires an environment variable (such as <code>PATH</code>).
 861      *
 862      * <p>On UNIX systems the alphabetic case of <code>name</code> is
 863      * typically significant, while on Microsoft Windows systems it is
 864      * typically not.  For example, the expression
 865      * <code>System.getenv("FOO").equals(System.getenv("foo"))</code>
 866      * is likely to be true on Microsoft Windows.
 867      *
 868      * @param  name the name of the environment variable
 869      * @return the string value of the variable, or <code>null</code>
 870      *         if the variable is not defined in the system environment
 871      * @throws NullPointerException if <code>name</code> is <code>null</code>
 872      * @throws SecurityException
 873      *         if a security manager exists and its
 874      *         {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission checkPermission}
 875      *         method doesn't allow access to the environment variable
 876      *         <code>name</code>
 877      * @see    #getenv()
 878      * @see    ProcessBuilder#environment()
 879      */
 880     public static String getenv(String name) {
 881         SecurityManager sm = getSecurityManager();
 882         if (sm != null) {
 883             sm.checkPermission(new RuntimePermission("getenv."+name));
 884         }
 885 
 886         return ProcessEnvironment.getenv(name);
 887     }
 888 
 889 
 890     /**
 891      * Returns an unmodifiable string map view of the current system environment.
 892      * The environment is a system-dependent mapping from names to
 893      * values which is passed from parent to child processes.
 894      *
 895      * <p>If the system does not support environment variables, an
 896      * empty map is returned.
 897      *
 898      * <p>The returned map will never contain null keys or values.
 899      * Attempting to query the presence of a null key or value will
 900      * throw a {@link NullPointerException}.  Attempting to query
 901      * the presence of a key or value which is not of type
 902      * {@link String} will throw a {@link ClassCastException}.
 903      *
 904      * <p>The returned map and its collection views may not obey the
 905      * general contract of the {@link Object#equals} and
 906      * {@link Object#hashCode} methods.
 907      *
 908      * <p>The returned map is typically case-sensitive on all platforms.
 909      *
 910      * <p>If a security manager exists, its
 911      * {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission checkPermission}
 912      * method is called with a
 913      * <code>{@link RuntimePermission}("getenv.*")</code>
 914      * permission.  This may result in a {@link SecurityException} being
 915      * thrown.
 916      *
 917      * <p>When passing information to a Java subprocess,
 918      * <a href=#EnvironmentVSSystemProperties>system properties</a>
 919      * are generally preferred over environment variables.
 920      *
 921      * @return the environment as a map of variable names to values
 922      * @throws SecurityException
 923      *         if a security manager exists and its
 924      *         {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission checkPermission}
 925      *         method doesn't allow access to the process environment
 926      * @see    #getenv(String)
 927      * @see    ProcessBuilder#environment()
 928      * @since  1.5
 929      */
 930     public static java.util.Map<String,String> getenv() {
 931         SecurityManager sm = getSecurityManager();
 932         if (sm != null) {
 933             sm.checkPermission(new RuntimePermission("getenv.*"));
 934         }
 935 
 936         return ProcessEnvironment.getenv();
 937     }
 938 
 939     /**
 940      * Terminates the currently running Java Virtual Machine. The
 941      * argument serves as a status code; by convention, a nonzero status
 942      * code indicates abnormal termination.
 943      * <p>
 944      * This method calls the <code>exit</code> method in class
 945      * <code>Runtime</code>. This method never returns normally.
 946      * <p>
 947      * The call <code>System.exit(n)</code> is effectively equivalent to
 948      * the call:
 949      * <blockquote><pre>
 950      * Runtime.getRuntime().exit(n)
 951      * </pre></blockquote>
 952      *
 953      * @param      status   exit status.
 954      * @throws  SecurityException
 955      *        if a security manager exists and its <code>checkExit</code>
 956      *        method doesn't allow exit with the specified status.
 957      * @see        java.lang.Runtime#exit(int)
 958      */
 959     public static void exit(int status) {
 960         Runtime.getRuntime().exit(status);
 961     }
 962 
 963     /**
 964      * Runs the garbage collector.
 965      * <p>
 966      * Calling the <code>gc</code> method suggests that the Java Virtual
 967      * Machine expend effort toward recycling unused objects in order to
 968      * make the memory they currently occupy available for quick reuse.
 969      * When control returns from the method call, the Java Virtual
 970      * Machine has made a best effort to reclaim space from all discarded
 971      * objects.
 972      * <p>
 973      * The call <code>System.gc()</code> is effectively equivalent to the
 974      * call:
 975      * <blockquote><pre>
 976      * Runtime.getRuntime().gc()
 977      * </pre></blockquote>
 978      *
 979      * @see     java.lang.Runtime#gc()
 980      */
 981     public static void gc() {
 982         Runtime.getRuntime().gc();
 983     }
 984 
 985     /**
 986      * Runs the finalization methods of any objects pending finalization.
 987      * <p>
 988      * Calling this method suggests that the Java Virtual Machine expend
 989      * effort toward running the <code>finalize</code> methods of objects
 990      * that have been found to be discarded but whose <code>finalize</code>
 991      * methods have not yet been run. When control returns from the
 992      * method call, the Java Virtual Machine has made a best effort to
 993      * complete all outstanding finalizations.
 994      * <p>
 995      * The call <code>System.runFinalization()</code> is effectively
 996      * equivalent to the call:
 997      * <blockquote><pre>
 998      * Runtime.getRuntime().runFinalization()
 999      * </pre></blockquote>
1000      *
1001      * @see     java.lang.Runtime#runFinalization()
1002      */
1003     public static void runFinalization() {
1004         Runtime.getRuntime().runFinalization();
1005     }
1006 
1007     /**
1008      * Enable or disable finalization on exit; doing so specifies that the
1009      * finalizers of all objects that have finalizers that have not yet been
1010      * automatically invoked are to be run before the Java runtime exits.
1011      * By default, finalization on exit is disabled.
1012      *
1013      * <p>If there is a security manager,
1014      * its <code>checkExit</code> method is first called
1015      * with 0 as its argument to ensure the exit is allowed.
1016      * This could result in a SecurityException.
1017      *
1018      * @deprecated  This method is inherently unsafe.  It may result in
1019      *      finalizers being called on live objects while other threads are
1020      *      concurrently manipulating those objects, resulting in erratic
1021      *      behavior or deadlock.
1022      * @param value indicating enabling or disabling of finalization
1023      * @throws  SecurityException
1024      *        if a security manager exists and its <code>checkExit</code>
1025      *        method doesn't allow the exit.
1026      *
1027      * @see     java.lang.Runtime#exit(int)
1028      * @see     java.lang.Runtime#gc()
1029      * @see     java.lang.SecurityManager#checkExit(int)
1030      * @since   JDK1.1
1031      */
1032     @Deprecated
1033     public static void runFinalizersOnExit(boolean value) {
1034         Runtime.getRuntime().runFinalizersOnExit(value);
1035     }
1036 
1037     /**
1038      * Loads a code file with the specified filename from the local file
1039      * system as a dynamic library. The filename
1040      * argument must be a complete path name.
1041      * <p>
1042      * The call <code>System.load(name)</code> is effectively equivalent
1043      * to the call:
1044      * <blockquote><pre>
1045      * Runtime.getRuntime().load(name)
1046      * </pre></blockquote>
1047      *
1048      * @param      filename   the file to load.
1049      * @exception  SecurityException  if a security manager exists and its
1050      *             <code>checkLink</code> method doesn't allow
1051      *             loading of the specified dynamic library
1052      * @exception  UnsatisfiedLinkError  if the file does not exist.
1053      * @exception  NullPointerException if <code>filename</code> is
1054      *             <code>null</code>
1055      * @see        java.lang.Runtime#load(java.lang.String)
1056      * @see        java.lang.SecurityManager#checkLink(java.lang.String)
1057      */
1058     public static void load(String filename) {
1059         Runtime.getRuntime().load0(getCallerClass(), filename);
1060     }
1061 
1062     /**
1063      * Loads the system library specified by the <code>libname</code>
1064      * argument. The manner in which a library name is mapped to the
1065      * actual system library is system dependent.
1066      * <p>
1067      * The call <code>System.loadLibrary(name)</code> is effectively
1068      * equivalent to the call
1069      * <blockquote><pre>
1070      * Runtime.getRuntime().loadLibrary(name)
1071      * </pre></blockquote>
1072      *
1073      * @param      libname   the name of the library.
1074      * @exception  SecurityException  if a security manager exists and its
1075      *             <code>checkLink</code> method doesn't allow
1076      *             loading of the specified dynamic library
1077      * @exception  UnsatisfiedLinkError  if the library does not exist.
1078      * @exception  NullPointerException if <code>libname</code> is
1079      *             <code>null</code>
1080      * @see        java.lang.Runtime#loadLibrary(java.lang.String)
1081      * @see        java.lang.SecurityManager#checkLink(java.lang.String)
1082      */
1083     public static void loadLibrary(String libname) {
1084         Runtime.getRuntime().loadLibrary0(getCallerClass(), libname);
1085     }
1086 
1087     /**
1088      * Maps a library name into a platform-specific string representing
1089      * a native library.
1090      *
1091      * @param      libname the name of the library.
1092      * @return     a platform-dependent native library name.
1093      * @exception  NullPointerException if <code>libname</code> is
1094      *             <code>null</code>
1095      * @see        java.lang.System#loadLibrary(java.lang.String)
1096      * @see        java.lang.ClassLoader#findLibrary(java.lang.String)
1097      * @since      1.2
1098      */
1099     public static native String mapLibraryName(String libname);
1100 
1101     /**
1102      * Initialize the system class.  Called after thread initialization.
1103      */
1104     private static void initializeSystemClass() {
1105 
1106         // VM might invoke JNU_NewStringPlatform() to set those encoding
1107         // sensitive properties (user.home, user.name, boot.class.path, etc.)
1108         // during "props" initialization, in which it may need access, via
1109         // System.getProperty(), to the related system encoding property that
1110         // have been initialized (put into "props") at early stage of the
1111         // initialization. So make sure the "props" is available at the
1112         // very beginning of the initialization and all system properties to
1113         // be put into it directly.
1114         props = new Properties();
1115         initProperties(props);  // initialized by the VM
1116 
1117         // There are certain system configurations that may be controlled by
1118         // VM options such as the maximum amount of direct memory and
1119         // Integer cache size used to support the object identity semantics
1120         // of autoboxing.  Typically, the library will obtain these values
1121         // from the properties set by the VM.  If the properties are for
1122         // internal implementation use only, these properties should be
1123         // removed from the system properties.
1124         //
1125         // See java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache and the
1126         // sun.misc.VM.saveAndRemoveProperties method for example.
1127         //
1128         // Save a private copy of the system properties object that
1129         // can only be accessed by the internal implementation.  Remove
1130         // certain system properties that are not intended for public access.
1131         sun.misc.VM.saveAndRemoveProperties(props);
1132 
1133 
1134         lineSeparator = props.getProperty("line.separator");
1135         sun.misc.Version.init();
1136 
1137         FileInputStream fdIn = new FileInputStream(FileDescriptor.in);
1138         FileOutputStream fdOut = new FileOutputStream(FileDescriptor.out);
1139         FileOutputStream fdErr = new FileOutputStream(FileDescriptor.err);
1140         setIn0(new BufferedInputStream(fdIn));
1141         setOut0(new PrintStream(new BufferedOutputStream(fdOut, 128), true));
1142         setErr0(new PrintStream(new BufferedOutputStream(fdErr, 128), true));
1143         // Load the zip library now in order to keep java.util.zip.ZipFile
1144         // from trying to use itself to load this library later.
1145         loadLibrary("zip");
1146 
1147         // Setup Java signal handlers for HUP, TERM, and INT (where available).
1148         Terminator.setup();
1149 
1150         // Initialize any miscellenous operating system settings that need to be
1151         // set for the class libraries. Currently this is no-op everywhere except
1152         // for Windows where the process-wide error mode is set before the java.io
1153         // classes are used.
1154         sun.misc.VM.initializeOSEnvironment();
1155 
1156         // Subsystems that are invoked during initialization can invoke
1157         // sun.misc.VM.isBooted() in order to avoid doing things that should
1158         // wait until the application class loader has been set up.
1159         sun.misc.VM.booted();
1160 
1161         // The main thread is not added to its thread group in the same
1162         // way as other threads; we must do it ourselves here.
1163         Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
1164         current.getThreadGroup().add(current);
1165 
1166         // register shared secrets
1167         setJavaLangAccess();
1168     }
1169 
1170     private static void setJavaLangAccess() {
1171         // Allow privileged classes outside of java.lang
1172         sun.misc.SharedSecrets.setJavaLangAccess(new sun.misc.JavaLangAccess(){
1173             public sun.reflect.ConstantPool getConstantPool(Class klass) {
1174                 return klass.getConstantPool();
1175             }
1176             public void setAnnotationType(Class klass, AnnotationType type) {
1177                 klass.setAnnotationType(type);
1178             }
1179             public AnnotationType getAnnotationType(Class klass) {
1180                 return klass.getAnnotationType();
1181             }
1182             public <E extends Enum<E>>
1183                     E[] getEnumConstantsShared(Class<E> klass) {
1184                 return klass.getEnumConstantsShared();
1185             }
1186             public void blockedOn(Thread t, Interruptible b) {
1187                 t.blockedOn(b);
1188             }
1189             public void registerShutdownHook(int slot, boolean registerShutdownInProgress, Runnable hook) {
1190                 Shutdown.add(slot, registerShutdownInProgress, hook);
1191             }
1192             public int getStackTraceDepth(Throwable t) {
1193                 return t.getStackTraceDepth();
1194             }
1195             public StackTraceElement getStackTraceElement(Throwable t, int i) {
1196                 return t.getStackTraceElement(i);
1197             }
1198         });
1199     }
1200 
1201     /* returns the class of the caller. */
1202     static Class<?> getCallerClass() {
1203         // NOTE use of more generic Reflection.getCallerClass()
1204         return Reflection.getCallerClass(3);
1205     }
1206 }