1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 2007, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 3 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 4 * 5 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 6 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 7 * published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this 8 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 9 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 10 * 11 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 12 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 13 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 14 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 15 * accompanied this code). 16 * 17 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 18 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 19 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 20 * 21 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 22 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 23 * questions. 24 */ 25 26 package java.nio.file; 27 28 import java.nio.file.spi.FileSystemProvider; 29 import java.net.URI; 30 import java.io.IOException; 31 import java.security.AccessController; 32 import java.security.PrivilegedAction; 33 import java.util.*; 34 import java.lang.reflect.Constructor; 35 36 /** 37 * Factory methods for file systems. This class defines the {@link #getDefault 38 * getDefault} method to get the default file system and factory methods to 39 * construct other types of file systems. 40 * 41 * <p> The first invocation of any of the methods defined by this class causes 42 * the default {@link FileSystemProvider provider} to be loaded. The default 43 * provider, identified by the URI scheme "file", creates the {@link FileSystem} 44 * that provides access to the file systems accessible to the Java virtual 45 * machine. If the process of loading or initializing the default provider fails 46 * then an unspecified error is thrown. 47 * 48 * <p> The first invocation of the {@link FileSystemProvider#installedProviders 49 * installedProviders} method, by way of invoking any of the {@code 50 * newFileSystem} methods defined by this class, locates and loads all 51 * installed file system providers. Installed providers are loaded using the 52 * service-provider loading facility defined by the {@link ServiceLoader} class. 53 * Installed providers are loaded using the system class loader. If the 54 * system class loader cannot be found then the extension class loader is used; 55 * if there is no extension class loader then the bootstrap class loader is used. 56 * Providers are typically installed by placing them in a JAR file on the 57 * application class path or in the extension directory, the JAR file contains a 58 * provider-configuration file named {@code java.nio.file.spi.FileSystemProvider} 59 * in the resource directory {@code META-INF/services}, and the file lists one or 60 * more fully-qualified names of concrete subclass of {@link FileSystemProvider} 61 * that have a zero argument constructor. 62 * The ordering that installed providers are located is implementation specific. 63 * If a provider is instantiated and its {@link FileSystemProvider#getScheme() 64 * getScheme} returns the same URI scheme of a provider that was previously 65 * instantiated then the most recently instantiated duplicate is discarded. URI 66 * schemes are compared without regard to case. During construction a provider 67 * may safely access files associated with the default provider but care needs 68 * to be taken to avoid circular loading of other installed providers. If 69 * circular loading of installed providers is detected then an unspecified error 70 * is thrown. 71 * 72 * <p> This class also defines factory methods that allow a {@link ClassLoader} 73 * to be specified when locating a provider. As with installed providers, the 74 * provider classes are identified by placing the provider configuration file 75 * in the resource directory {@code META-INF/services}. 76 * 77 * <p> If a thread initiates the loading of the installed file system providers 78 * and another thread invokes a method that also attempts to load the providers 79 * then the method will block until the loading completes. 80 * 81 * @since 1.7 82 */ 83 84 public final class FileSystems { 85 private FileSystems() { 86 } 87 88 // lazy initialization of default file system 89 private static class DefaultFileSystemHolder { 90 static final FileSystem defaultFileSystem = defaultFileSystem(); 91 92 // returns default file system 93 private static FileSystem defaultFileSystem() { 94 // load default provider 95 FileSystemProvider provider = AccessController 96 .doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<FileSystemProvider>() { 97 public FileSystemProvider run() { 98 return getDefaultProvider(); 99 } 100 }); 101 102 // return file system 103 return provider.getFileSystem(URI.create("file:///")); 104 } 105 106 // returns default provider 107 private static FileSystemProvider getDefaultProvider() { 108 FileSystemProvider provider = sun.nio.fs.DefaultFileSystemProvider.create(); 109 110 // if the property java.nio.file.spi.DefaultFileSystemProvider is 111 // set then its value is the name of the default provider (or a list) 112 String propValue = System 113 .getProperty("java.nio.file.spi.DefaultFileSystemProvider"); 114 if (propValue != null) { 115 for (String cn: propValue.split(",")) { 116 try { 117 Class<?> c = Class 118 .forName(cn, true, ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader()); 119 Constructor<?> ctor = c 120 .getDeclaredConstructor(FileSystemProvider.class); 121 provider = (FileSystemProvider)ctor.newInstance(provider); 122 123 // must be "file" 124 if (!provider.getScheme().equals("file")) 125 throw new Error("Default provider must use scheme 'file'"); 126 127 } catch (Exception x) { 128 throw new Error(x); 129 } 130 } 131 } 132 return provider; 133 } 134 } 135 136 /** 137 * Returns the default {@code FileSystem}. The default file system creates 138 * objects that provide access to the file systems accessible to the Java 139 * virtual machine. The <em>working directory</em> of the file system is 140 * the current user directory, named by the system property {@code user.dir}. 141 * This allows for interoperability with the {@link java.io.File java.io.File} 142 * class. 143 * 144 * <p> The first invocation of any of the methods defined by this class 145 * locates the default {@link FileSystemProvider provider} object. Where the 146 * system property {@code java.nio.file.spi.DefaultFileSystemProvider} is 147 * not defined then the default provider is a system-default provider that 148 * is invoked to create the default file system. 149 * 150 * <p> If the system property {@code java.nio.file.spi.DefaultFileSystemProvider} 151 * is defined then it is taken to be a list of one or more fully-qualified 152 * names of concrete provider classes identified by the URI scheme 153 * {@code "file"}. Where the property is a list of more than one name then 154 * the names are separated by a comma. Each class is loaded, using the system 155 * class loader, and instantiated by invoking a one argument constructor 156 * whose formal parameter type is {@code FileSystemProvider}. The providers 157 * are loaded and instantiated in the order they are listed in the property. 158 * If this process fails or a provider's scheme is not equal to {@code "file"} 159 * then an unspecified error is thrown. URI schemes are normally compared 160 * without regard to case but for the default provider, the scheme is 161 * required to be {@code "file"}. The first provider class is instantiated 162 * by invoking it with a reference to the system-default provider. 163 * The second provider class is instantiated by invoking it with a reference 164 * to the first provider instance. The third provider class is instantiated 165 * by invoking it with a reference to the second instance, and so on. The 166 * last provider to be instantiated becomes the default provider; its {@code 167 * getFileSystem} method is invoked with the URI {@code "file:///"} to 168 * get a reference to the default file system. 169 * 170 * <p> Subsequent invocations of this method return the file system that was 171 * returned by the first invocation. 172 * 173 * @return the default file system 174 */ 175 public static FileSystem getDefault() { 176 return DefaultFileSystemHolder.defaultFileSystem; 177 } 178 179 /** 180 * Returns a reference to an existing {@code FileSystem}. 181 * 182 * <p> This method iterates over the {@link FileSystemProvider#installedProviders() 183 * installed} providers to locate the provider that is identified by the URI 184 * {@link URI#getScheme scheme} of the given URI. URI schemes are compared 185 * without regard to case. The exact form of the URI is highly provider 186 * dependent. If found, the provider's {@link FileSystemProvider#getFileSystem 187 * getFileSystem} method is invoked to obtain a reference to the {@code 188 * FileSystem}. 189 * 190 * <p> Once a file system created by this provider is {@link FileSystem#close 191 * closed} it is provider-dependent if this method returns a reference to 192 * the closed file system or throws {@link FileSystemNotFoundException}. 193 * If the provider allows a new file system to be created with the same URI 194 * as a file system it previously created then this method throws the 195 * exception if invoked after the file system is closed (and before a new 196 * instance is created by the {@link #newFileSystem newFileSystem} method). 197 * 198 * <p> If a security manager is installed then a provider implementation 199 * may require to check a permission before returning a reference to an 200 * existing file system. In the case of the {@link FileSystems#getDefault 201 * default} file system, no permission check is required. 202 * 203 * @throws IllegalArgumentException 204 * if the pre-conditions for the {@code uri} parameter are not met 205 * @throws FileSystemNotFoundException 206 * if the file system, identified by the URI, does not exist 207 * @throws ProviderNotFoundException 208 * if a provider supporting the URI scheme is not installed 209 * @throws SecurityException 210 * if a security manager is installed and it denies an unspecified 211 * permission 212 */ 213 public static FileSystem getFileSystem(URI uri) { 214 String scheme = uri.getScheme(); 215 for (FileSystemProvider provider: FileSystemProvider.installedProviders()) { 216 if (scheme.equalsIgnoreCase(provider.getScheme())) { 217 return provider.getFileSystem(uri); 218 } 219 } 220 throw new ProviderNotFoundException("Provider \"" + scheme + "\" not found"); 221 } 222 223 /** 224 * Constructs a new file system that is identified by a {@link URI} 225 * 226 * <p> This method iterates over the {@link FileSystemProvider#installedProviders() 227 * installed} providers to locate the provider that is identified by the URI 228 * {@link URI#getScheme scheme} of the given URI. URI schemes are compared 229 * without regard to case. The exact form of the URI is highly provider 230 * dependent. If found, the provider's {@link FileSystemProvider#newFileSystem(URI,Map) 231 * newFileSystem(URI,Map)} method is invoked to construct the new file system. 232 * 233 * <p> Once a file system is {@link FileSystem#close closed} it is 234 * provider-dependent if the provider allows a new file system to be created 235 * with the same URI as a file system it previously created. 236 * 237 * <p> <b>Usage Example:</b> 238 * Suppose there is a provider identified by the scheme {@code "memory"} 239 * installed: 240 * <pre> 241 * Map<String,String> env = new HashMap<>(); 242 * env.put("capacity", "16G"); 243 * env.put("blockSize", "4k"); 244 * FileSystem fs = FileSystems.newFileSystem(URI.create("memory:///?name=logfs"), env); 245 * </pre> 246 * 247 * @param uri 248 * the URI identifying the file system 249 * @param env 250 * a map of provider specific properties to configure the file system; 251 * may be empty 252 * 253 * @return a new file system 254 * 255 * @throws IllegalArgumentException 256 * if the pre-conditions for the {@code uri} parameter are not met, 257 * or the {@code env} parameter does not contain properties required 258 * by the provider, or a property value is invalid 259 * @throws FileSystemAlreadyExistsException 260 * if the file system has already been created 261 * @throws ProviderNotFoundException 262 * if a provider supporting the URI scheme is not installed 263 * @throws IOException 264 * if an I/O error occurs creating the file system 265 * @throws SecurityException 266 * if a security manager is installed and it denies an unspecified 267 * permission required by the file system provider implementation 268 */ 269 public static FileSystem newFileSystem(URI uri, Map<String,?> env) 270 throws IOException 271 { 272 return newFileSystem(uri, env, null); 273 } 274 275 /** 276 * Constructs a new file system that is identified by a {@link URI} 277 * 278 * <p> This method first attempts to locate an installed provider in exactly 279 * the same manner as the {@link #newFileSystem(URI,Map) newFileSystem(URI,Map)} 280 * method. If none of the installed providers support the URI scheme then an 281 * attempt is made to locate the provider using the given class loader. If a 282 * provider supporting the URI scheme is located then its {@link 283 * FileSystemProvider#newFileSystem(URI,Map) newFileSystem(URI,Map)} is 284 * invoked to construct the new file system. 285 * 286 * @param uri 287 * the URI identifying the file system 288 * @param env 289 * a map of provider specific properties to configure the file system; 290 * may be empty 291 * @param loader 292 * the class loader to locate the provider or {@code null} to only 293 * attempt to locate an installed provider 294 * 295 * @return a new file system 296 * 297 * @throws IllegalArgumentException 298 * if the pre-conditions for the {@code uri} parameter are not met, 299 * or the {@code env} parameter does not contain properties required 300 * by the provider, or a property value is invalid 301 * @throws FileSystemAlreadyExistsException 302 * if the URI scheme identifies an installed provider and the file 303 * system has already been created 304 * @throws ProviderNotFoundException 305 * if a provider supporting the URI scheme is not found 306 * @throws ServiceConfigurationError 307 * when an error occurs while loading a service provider 308 * @throws IOException 309 * an I/O error occurs creating the file system 310 * @throws SecurityException 311 * if a security manager is installed and it denies an unspecified 312 * permission required by the file system provider implementation 313 */ 314 public static FileSystem newFileSystem(URI uri, Map<String,?> env, ClassLoader loader) 315 throws IOException 316 { 317 String scheme = uri.getScheme(); 318 319 // check installed providers 320 for (FileSystemProvider provider: FileSystemProvider.installedProviders()) { 321 if (scheme.equalsIgnoreCase(provider.getScheme())) { 322 return provider.newFileSystem(uri, env); 323 } 324 } 325 326 // if not found, use service-provider loading facility 327 if (loader != null) { 328 ServiceLoader<FileSystemProvider> sl = ServiceLoader 329 .load(FileSystemProvider.class, loader); 330 for (FileSystemProvider provider: sl) { 331 if (scheme.equalsIgnoreCase(provider.getScheme())) { 332 return provider.newFileSystem(uri, env); 333 } 334 } 335 } 336 337 throw new ProviderNotFoundException("Provider \"" + scheme + "\" not found"); 338 } 339 340 /** 341 * Constructs a new {@code FileSystem} to access the contents of a file as a 342 * file system. 343 * 344 * <p> This method makes use of specialized providers that create pseudo file 345 * systems where the contents of one or more files is treated as a file 346 * system. 347 * 348 * <p> This method iterates over the {@link FileSystemProvider#installedProviders() 349 * installed} providers. It invokes, in turn, each provider's {@link 350 * FileSystemProvider#newFileSystem(Path,Map) newFileSystem(Path,Map)} method 351 * with an empty map. If a provider returns a file system then the iteration 352 * terminates and the file system is returned. If none of the installed 353 * providers return a {@code FileSystem} then an attempt is made to locate 354 * the provider using the given class loader. If a provider returns a file 355 * system then the lookup terminates and the file system is returned. 356 * 357 * @param path 358 * the path to the file 359 * @param loader 360 * the class loader to locate the provider or {@code null} to only 361 * attempt to locate an installed provider 362 * 363 * @return a new file system 364 * 365 * @throws ProviderNotFoundException 366 * if a provider supporting this file type cannot be located 367 * @throws ServiceConfigurationError 368 * when an error occurs while loading a service provider 369 * @throws IOException 370 * if an I/O error occurs 371 * @throws SecurityException 372 * if a security manager is installed and it denies an unspecified 373 * permission 374 */ 375 public static FileSystem newFileSystem(Path path, 376 ClassLoader loader) 377 throws IOException 378 { 379 if (path == null) 380 throw new NullPointerException(); 381 Map<String,?> env = Collections.emptyMap(); 382 383 // check installed providers 384 for (FileSystemProvider provider: FileSystemProvider.installedProviders()) { 385 try { 386 return provider.newFileSystem(path, env); 387 } catch (UnsupportedOperationException uoe) { 388 } 389 } 390 391 // if not found, use service-provider loading facility 392 if (loader != null) { 393 ServiceLoader<FileSystemProvider> sl = ServiceLoader 394 .load(FileSystemProvider.class, loader); 395 for (FileSystemProvider provider: sl) { 396 try { 397 return provider.newFileSystem(path, env); 398 } catch (UnsupportedOperationException uoe) { 399 } 400 } 401 } 402 403 throw new ProviderNotFoundException("Provider not found"); 404 } 405 }