1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "precompiled.hpp"
  26 #include "classfile/classLoader.hpp"
  27 #include "classfile/javaAssertions.hpp"
  28 #include "classfile/moduleEntry.hpp"
  29 #include "classfile/stringTable.hpp"
  30 #include "classfile/symbolTable.hpp"
  31 #include "gc/shared/cardTableRS.hpp"
  32 #include "gc/shared/genCollectedHeap.hpp"
  33 #include "gc/shared/referenceProcessor.hpp"
  34 #include "gc/shared/taskqueue.hpp"
  35 #include "logging/log.hpp"
  36 #include "logging/logConfiguration.hpp"
  37 #include "logging/logStream.hpp"
  38 #include "logging/logTag.hpp"
  39 #include "memory/allocation.inline.hpp"
  40 #include "memory/universe.inline.hpp"
  41 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  42 #include "prims/jvm.h"
  43 #include "prims/jvmtiExport.hpp"
  44 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
  45 #include "runtime/arguments_ext.hpp"
  46 #include "runtime/commandLineFlagConstraintList.hpp"
  47 #include "runtime/commandLineFlagWriteableList.hpp"
  48 #include "runtime/commandLineFlagRangeList.hpp"
  49 #include "runtime/globals.hpp"
  50 #include "runtime/globals_extension.hpp"
  51 #include "runtime/java.hpp"
  52 #include "runtime/os.hpp"
  53 #include "runtime/vm_version.hpp"
  54 #include "services/management.hpp"
  55 #include "services/memTracker.hpp"
  56 #include "utilities/defaultStream.hpp"
  57 #include "utilities/macros.hpp"
  58 #include "utilities/stringUtils.hpp"
  59 #if INCLUDE_JVMCI
  60 #include "jvmci/jvmciRuntime.hpp"
  61 #endif
  62 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
  63 #include "gc/cms/compactibleFreeListSpace.hpp"
  64 #include "gc/g1/g1CollectedHeap.inline.hpp"
  65 #include "gc/parallel/parallelScavengeHeap.hpp"
  66 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
  67 
  68 // Note: This is a special bug reporting site for the JVM
  69 #define DEFAULT_VENDOR_URL_BUG "http://bugreport.java.com/bugreport/crash.jsp"
  70 #define DEFAULT_JAVA_LAUNCHER  "generic"
  71 
  72 char*  Arguments::_jvm_flags_file               = NULL;
  73 char** Arguments::_jvm_flags_array              = NULL;
  74 int    Arguments::_num_jvm_flags                = 0;
  75 char** Arguments::_jvm_args_array               = NULL;
  76 int    Arguments::_num_jvm_args                 = 0;
  77 char*  Arguments::_java_command                 = NULL;
  78 SystemProperty* Arguments::_system_properties   = NULL;
  79 const char*  Arguments::_gc_log_filename        = NULL;
  80 bool   Arguments::_has_profile                  = false;
  81 size_t Arguments::_conservative_max_heap_alignment = 0;
  82 size_t Arguments::_min_heap_size                = 0;
  83 Arguments::Mode Arguments::_mode                = _mixed;
  84 bool   Arguments::_java_compiler                = false;
  85 bool   Arguments::_xdebug_mode                  = false;
  86 const char*  Arguments::_java_vendor_url_bug    = DEFAULT_VENDOR_URL_BUG;
  87 const char*  Arguments::_sun_java_launcher      = DEFAULT_JAVA_LAUNCHER;
  88 int    Arguments::_sun_java_launcher_pid        = -1;
  89 bool   Arguments::_sun_java_launcher_is_altjvm  = false;
  90 
  91 // These parameters are reset in method parse_vm_init_args()
  92 bool   Arguments::_AlwaysCompileLoopMethods     = AlwaysCompileLoopMethods;
  93 bool   Arguments::_UseOnStackReplacement        = UseOnStackReplacement;
  94 bool   Arguments::_BackgroundCompilation        = BackgroundCompilation;
  95 bool   Arguments::_ClipInlining                 = ClipInlining;
  96 intx   Arguments::_Tier3InvokeNotifyFreqLog     = Tier3InvokeNotifyFreqLog;
  97 intx   Arguments::_Tier4InvocationThreshold     = Tier4InvocationThreshold;
  98 
  99 char*  Arguments::SharedArchivePath             = NULL;
 100 
 101 AgentLibraryList Arguments::_libraryList;
 102 AgentLibraryList Arguments::_agentList;
 103 
 104 abort_hook_t     Arguments::_abort_hook         = NULL;
 105 exit_hook_t      Arguments::_exit_hook          = NULL;
 106 vfprintf_hook_t  Arguments::_vfprintf_hook      = NULL;
 107 
 108 
 109 SystemProperty *Arguments::_sun_boot_library_path = NULL;
 110 SystemProperty *Arguments::_java_library_path = NULL;
 111 SystemProperty *Arguments::_java_home = NULL;
 112 SystemProperty *Arguments::_java_class_path = NULL;
 113 SystemProperty *Arguments::_jdk_boot_class_path_append = NULL;
 114 
 115 GrowableArray<ModulePatchPath*> *Arguments::_patch_mod_prefix = NULL;
 116 PathString *Arguments::_system_boot_class_path = NULL;
 117 bool Arguments::_has_jimage = false;
 118 
 119 char* Arguments::_ext_dirs = NULL;
 120 
 121 // Check if head of 'option' matches 'name', and sets 'tail' to the remaining
 122 // part of the option string.
 123 static bool match_option(const JavaVMOption *option, const char* name,
 124                          const char** tail) {
 125   size_t len = strlen(name);
 126   if (strncmp(option->optionString, name, len) == 0) {
 127     *tail = option->optionString + len;
 128     return true;
 129   } else {
 130     return false;
 131   }
 132 }
 133 
 134 // Check if 'option' matches 'name'. No "tail" is allowed.
 135 static bool match_option(const JavaVMOption *option, const char* name) {
 136   const char* tail = NULL;
 137   bool result = match_option(option, name, &tail);
 138   if (tail != NULL && *tail == '\0') {
 139     return result;
 140   } else {
 141     return false;
 142   }
 143 }
 144 
 145 // Return true if any of the strings in null-terminated array 'names' matches.
 146 // If tail_allowed is true, then the tail must begin with a colon; otherwise,
 147 // the option must match exactly.
 148 static bool match_option(const JavaVMOption* option, const char** names, const char** tail,
 149   bool tail_allowed) {
 150   for (/* empty */; *names != NULL; ++names) {
 151     if (match_option(option, *names, tail)) {
 152       if (**tail == '\0' || tail_allowed && **tail == ':') {
 153         return true;
 154       }
 155     }
 156   }
 157   return false;
 158 }
 159 
 160 static void logOption(const char* opt) {
 161   if (PrintVMOptions) {
 162     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(), "VM option '%s'\n", opt);
 163   }
 164 }
 165 
 166 bool needs_module_property_warning = false;
 167 
 168 #define MODULE_PROPERTY_PREFIX "jdk.module."
 169 #define MODULE_PROPERTY_PREFIX_LEN 11
 170 #define ADDEXPORTS "addexports"
 171 #define ADDEXPORTS_LEN 10
 172 #define ADDREADS "addreads"
 173 #define ADDREADS_LEN 8
 174 #define ADDOPENS "addopens"
 175 #define ADDOPENS_LEN 8
 176 #define PATCH "patch"
 177 #define PATCH_LEN 5
 178 #define ADDMODS "addmods"
 179 #define ADDMODS_LEN 7
 180 #define LIMITMODS "limitmods"
 181 #define LIMITMODS_LEN 9
 182 #define PATH "path"
 183 #define PATH_LEN 4
 184 #define UPGRADE_PATH "upgrade.path"
 185 #define UPGRADE_PATH_LEN 12
 186 
 187 // Return TRUE if option matches 'property', or 'property=', or 'property.'.
 188 static bool matches_property_suffix(const char* option, const char* property, size_t len) {
 189   return ((strncmp(option, property, len) == 0) &&
 190           (option[len] == '=' || option[len] == '.' || option[len] == '\0'));
 191 }
 192 
 193 // Return true if property starts with "jdk.module." and its ensuing chars match
 194 // any of the reserved module properties.
 195 // property should be passed without the leading "-D".
 196 bool Arguments::is_internal_module_property(const char* property) {
 197   assert((strncmp(property, "-D", 2) != 0), "Unexpected leading -D");
 198   if  (strncmp(property, MODULE_PROPERTY_PREFIX, MODULE_PROPERTY_PREFIX_LEN) == 0) {
 199     const char* property_suffix = property + MODULE_PROPERTY_PREFIX_LEN;
 200     if (matches_property_suffix(property_suffix, ADDEXPORTS, ADDEXPORTS_LEN) ||
 201         matches_property_suffix(property_suffix, ADDREADS, ADDREADS_LEN) ||
 202         matches_property_suffix(property_suffix, ADDOPENS, ADDOPENS_LEN) ||
 203         matches_property_suffix(property_suffix, PATCH, PATCH_LEN) ||
 204         matches_property_suffix(property_suffix, ADDMODS, ADDMODS_LEN) ||
 205         matches_property_suffix(property_suffix, LIMITMODS, LIMITMODS_LEN) ||
 206         matches_property_suffix(property_suffix, PATH, PATH_LEN) ||
 207         matches_property_suffix(property_suffix, UPGRADE_PATH, UPGRADE_PATH_LEN)) {
 208       return true;
 209     }
 210   }
 211   return false;
 212 }
 213 
 214 // Process java launcher properties.
 215 void Arguments::process_sun_java_launcher_properties(JavaVMInitArgs* args) {
 216   // See if sun.java.launcher, sun.java.launcher.is_altjvm or
 217   // sun.java.launcher.pid is defined.
 218   // Must do this before setting up other system properties,
 219   // as some of them may depend on launcher type.
 220   for (int index = 0; index < args->nOptions; index++) {
 221     const JavaVMOption* option = args->options + index;
 222     const char* tail;
 223 
 224     if (match_option(option, "-Dsun.java.launcher=", &tail)) {
 225       process_java_launcher_argument(tail, option->extraInfo);
 226       continue;
 227     }
 228     if (match_option(option, "-Dsun.java.launcher.is_altjvm=", &tail)) {
 229       if (strcmp(tail, "true") == 0) {
 230         _sun_java_launcher_is_altjvm = true;
 231       }
 232       continue;
 233     }
 234     if (match_option(option, "-Dsun.java.launcher.pid=", &tail)) {
 235       _sun_java_launcher_pid = atoi(tail);
 236       continue;
 237     }
 238   }
 239 }
 240 
 241 // Initialize system properties key and value.
 242 void Arguments::init_system_properties() {
 243 
 244   // Set up _system_boot_class_path which is not a property but
 245   // relies heavily on argument processing and the jdk.boot.class.path.append
 246   // property. It is used to store the underlying system boot class path.
 247   _system_boot_class_path = new PathString(NULL);
 248 
 249   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, new SystemProperty("java.vm.specification.name",
 250                                                            "Java Virtual Machine Specification",  false));
 251   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, new SystemProperty("java.vm.version", VM_Version::vm_release(),  false));
 252   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, new SystemProperty("java.vm.name", VM_Version::vm_name(),  false));
 253   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, new SystemProperty("java.vm.info", VM_Version::vm_info_string(),  true));
 254   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, new SystemProperty("jdk.debug", VM_Version::jdk_debug_level(),  false));
 255 
 256   // Following are JVMTI agent writable properties.
 257   // Properties values are set to NULL and they are
 258   // os specific they are initialized in os::init_system_properties_values().
 259   _sun_boot_library_path = new SystemProperty("sun.boot.library.path", NULL,  true);
 260   _java_library_path = new SystemProperty("java.library.path", NULL,  true);
 261   _java_home =  new SystemProperty("java.home", NULL,  true);
 262   _java_class_path = new SystemProperty("java.class.path", "",  true);
 263   // jdk.boot.class.path.append is a non-writeable, internal property.
 264   // It can only be set by either:
 265   //    - -Xbootclasspath/a:
 266   //    - AddToBootstrapClassLoaderSearch during JVMTI OnLoad phase
 267   _jdk_boot_class_path_append = new SystemProperty("jdk.boot.class.path.append", "", false, true);
 268 
 269   // Add to System Property list.
 270   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _sun_boot_library_path);
 271   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _java_library_path);
 272   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _java_home);
 273   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _java_class_path);
 274   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _jdk_boot_class_path_append);
 275 
 276   // Set OS specific system properties values
 277   os::init_system_properties_values();
 278 }
 279 
 280 // Update/Initialize System properties after JDK version number is known
 281 void Arguments::init_version_specific_system_properties() {
 282   enum { bufsz = 16 };
 283   char buffer[bufsz];
 284   const char* spec_vendor = "Oracle Corporation";
 285   uint32_t spec_version = JDK_Version::current().major_version();
 286 
 287   jio_snprintf(buffer, bufsz, UINT32_FORMAT, spec_version);
 288 
 289   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties,
 290       new SystemProperty("java.vm.specification.vendor",  spec_vendor, false));
 291   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties,
 292       new SystemProperty("java.vm.specification.version", buffer, false));
 293   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties,
 294       new SystemProperty("java.vm.vendor", VM_Version::vm_vendor(),  false));
 295 }
 296 
 297 /*
 298  *  -XX argument processing:
 299  *
 300  *  -XX arguments are defined in several places, such as:
 301  *      globals.hpp, globals_<cpu>.hpp, globals_<os>.hpp, <compiler>_globals.hpp, or <gc>_globals.hpp.
 302  *  -XX arguments are parsed in parse_argument().
 303  *  -XX argument bounds checking is done in check_vm_args_consistency().
 304  *
 305  * Over time -XX arguments may change. There are mechanisms to handle common cases:
 306  *
 307  *      ALIASED: An option that is simply another name for another option. This is often
 308  *               part of the process of deprecating a flag, but not all aliases need
 309  *               to be deprecated.
 310  *
 311  *               Create an alias for an option by adding the old and new option names to the
 312  *               "aliased_jvm_flags" table. Delete the old variable from globals.hpp (etc).
 313  *
 314  *   DEPRECATED: An option that is supported, but a warning is printed to let the user know that
 315  *               support may be removed in the future. Both regular and aliased options may be
 316  *               deprecated.
 317  *
 318  *               Add a deprecation warning for an option (or alias) by adding an entry in the
 319  *               "special_jvm_flags" table and setting the "deprecated_in" field.
 320  *               Often an option "deprecated" in one major release will
 321  *               be made "obsolete" in the next. In this case the entry should also have it's
 322  *               "obsolete_in" field set.
 323  *
 324  *     OBSOLETE: An option that has been removed (and deleted from globals.hpp), but is still accepted
 325  *               on the command line. A warning is printed to let the user know that option might not
 326  *               be accepted in the future.
 327  *
 328  *               Add an obsolete warning for an option by adding an entry in the "special_jvm_flags"
 329  *               table and setting the "obsolete_in" field.
 330  *
 331  *      EXPIRED: A deprecated or obsolete option that has an "accept_until" version less than or equal
 332  *               to the current JDK version. The system will flatly refuse to admit the existence of
 333  *               the flag. This allows a flag to die automatically over JDK releases.
 334  *
 335  *               Note that manual cleanup of expired options should be done at major JDK version upgrades:
 336  *                  - Newly expired options should be removed from the special_jvm_flags and aliased_jvm_flags tables.
 337  *                  - Newly obsolete or expired deprecated options should have their global variable
 338  *                    definitions removed (from globals.hpp, etc) and related implementations removed.
 339  *
 340  * Recommended approach for removing options:
 341  *
 342  * To remove options commonly used by customers (e.g. product, commercial -XX options), use
 343  * the 3-step model adding major release numbers to the deprecate, obsolete and expire columns.
 344  *
 345  * To remove internal options (e.g. diagnostic, experimental, develop options), use
 346  * a 2-step model adding major release numbers to the obsolete and expire columns.
 347  *
 348  * To change the name of an option, use the alias table as well as a 2-step
 349  * model adding major release numbers to the deprecate and expire columns.
 350  * Think twice about aliasing commonly used customer options.
 351  *
 352  * There are times when it is appropriate to leave a future release number as undefined.
 353  *
 354  * Tests:  Aliases should be tested in VMAliasOptions.java.
 355  *         Deprecated options should be tested in VMDeprecatedOptions.java.
 356  */
 357 
 358 // The special_jvm_flags table declares options that are being deprecated and/or obsoleted. The
 359 // "deprecated_in" or "obsolete_in" fields may be set to "undefined", but not both.
 360 // When the JDK version reaches 'deprecated_in' limit, the JVM will process this flag on
 361 // the command-line as usual, but will issue a warning.
 362 // When the JDK version reaches 'obsolete_in' limit, the JVM will continue accepting this flag on
 363 // the command-line, while issuing a warning and ignoring the flag value.
 364 // Once the JDK version reaches 'expired_in' limit, the JVM will flatly refuse to admit the
 365 // existence of the flag.
 366 //
 367 // MANUAL CLEANUP ON JDK VERSION UPDATES:
 368 // This table ensures that the handling of options will update automatically when the JDK
 369 // version is incremented, but the source code needs to be cleanup up manually:
 370 // - As "deprecated" options age into "obsolete" or "expired" options, the associated "globals"
 371 //   variable should be removed, as well as users of the variable.
 372 // - As "deprecated" options age into "obsolete" options, move the entry into the
 373 //   "Obsolete Flags" section of the table.
 374 // - All expired options should be removed from the table.
 375 static SpecialFlag const special_jvm_flags[] = {
 376   // -------------- Deprecated Flags --------------
 377   // --- Non-alias flags - sorted by obsolete_in then expired_in:
 378   { "MaxGCMinorPauseMillis",        JDK_Version::jdk(8), JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 379   { "UseConcMarkSweepGC",           JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 380 
 381   // --- Deprecated alias flags (see also aliased_jvm_flags) - sorted by obsolete_in then expired_in:
 382   { "DefaultMaxRAMFraction",        JDK_Version::jdk(8), JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 383   { "CreateMinidumpOnCrash",        JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 384 
 385   // -------------- Obsolete Flags - sorted by expired_in --------------
 386   { "ConvertSleepToYield",           JDK_Version::jdk(9),      JDK_Version::jdk(10), JDK_Version::jdk(11) },
 387   { "ConvertYieldToSleep",           JDK_Version::jdk(9),      JDK_Version::jdk(10), JDK_Version::jdk(11) },
 388   { "MinSleepInterval",              JDK_Version::jdk(9),      JDK_Version::jdk(10), JDK_Version::jdk(11) },
 389   { "PermSize",                      JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::undefined() },
 390   { "MaxPermSize",                   JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::undefined() },
 391 
 392 #ifdef TEST_VERIFY_SPECIAL_JVM_FLAGS
 393   { "dep > obs",                    JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::jdk(8), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 394   { "dep > exp ",                   JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 395   { "obs > exp ",                   JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 396   { "not deprecated or obsolete",   JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 397   { "dup option",                   JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 398   { "dup option",                   JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 399   { "BytecodeVerificationRemote",   JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 400 #endif
 401 
 402   { NULL, JDK_Version(0), JDK_Version(0) }
 403 };
 404 
 405 // Flags that are aliases for other flags.
 406 typedef struct {
 407   const char* alias_name;
 408   const char* real_name;
 409 } AliasedFlag;
 410 
 411 static AliasedFlag const aliased_jvm_flags[] = {
 412   { "DefaultMaxRAMFraction",    "MaxRAMFraction"    },
 413   { "CreateMinidumpOnCrash",    "CreateCoredumpOnCrash" },
 414   { NULL, NULL}
 415 };
 416 
 417 // NOTE: A compatibility request will be necessary for each alias to be removed.
 418 static AliasedLoggingFlag const aliased_logging_flags[] = {
 419   { "PrintCompressedOopsMode",   LogLevel::Info,  true,  LOG_TAGS(gc, heap, coops) },
 420   { "PrintSharedSpaces",         LogLevel::Info,  true,  LOG_TAGS(cds) },
 421   { "TraceBiasedLocking",        LogLevel::Info,  true,  LOG_TAGS(biasedlocking) },
 422   { "TraceClassLoading",         LogLevel::Info,  true,  LOG_TAGS(class, load) },
 423   { "TraceClassLoadingPreorder", LogLevel::Debug, true,  LOG_TAGS(class, preorder) },
 424   { "TraceClassPaths",           LogLevel::Info,  true,  LOG_TAGS(class, path) },
 425   { "TraceClassResolution",      LogLevel::Debug, true,  LOG_TAGS(class, resolve) },
 426   { "TraceClassUnloading",       LogLevel::Info,  true,  LOG_TAGS(class, unload) },
 427   { "TraceExceptions",           LogLevel::Info,  true,  LOG_TAGS(exceptions) },
 428   { "TraceLoaderConstraints",    LogLevel::Info,  true,  LOG_TAGS(class, loader, constraints) },
 429   { "TraceMonitorInflation",     LogLevel::Debug, true,  LOG_TAGS(monitorinflation) },
 430   { "TraceSafepointCleanupTime", LogLevel::Info,  true,  LOG_TAGS(safepoint, cleanup) },
 431   { "TraceJVMTIObjectTagging",   LogLevel::Debug, true,  LOG_TAGS(jvmti, objecttagging) },
 432   { "TraceRedefineClasses",      LogLevel::Info,  false, LOG_TAGS(redefine, class) },
 433   { NULL,                        LogLevel::Off,   false, LOG_TAGS(_NO_TAG) }
 434 };
 435 
 436 #ifndef PRODUCT
 437 // These options are removed in jdk9. Remove this code for jdk10.
 438 static AliasedFlag const removed_develop_logging_flags[] = {
 439   { "TraceClassInitialization",   "-Xlog:class+init" },
 440   { "TraceClassLoaderData",       "-Xlog:class+loader+data" },
 441   { "TraceDefaultMethods",        "-Xlog:defaultmethods=debug" },
 442   { "TraceItables",               "-Xlog:itables=debug" },
 443   { "TraceMonitorMismatch",       "-Xlog:monitormismatch=info" },
 444   { "TraceSafepoint",             "-Xlog:safepoint=debug" },
 445   { "TraceStartupTime",           "-Xlog:startuptime" },
 446   { "TraceVMOperation",           "-Xlog:vmoperation=debug" },
 447   { "PrintVtables",               "-Xlog:vtables=debug" },
 448   { "VerboseVerification",        "-Xlog:verification" },
 449   { NULL, NULL }
 450 };
 451 #endif //PRODUCT
 452 
 453 // Return true if "v" is less than "other", where "other" may be "undefined".
 454 static bool version_less_than(JDK_Version v, JDK_Version other) {
 455   assert(!v.is_undefined(), "must be defined");
 456   if (!other.is_undefined() && v.compare(other) >= 0) {
 457     return false;
 458   } else {
 459     return true;
 460   }
 461 }
 462 
 463 extern bool lookup_special_flag_ext(const char *flag_name, SpecialFlag& flag);
 464 
 465 static bool lookup_special_flag(const char *flag_name, SpecialFlag& flag) {
 466   // Allow extensions to have priority
 467   if (lookup_special_flag_ext(flag_name, flag)) {
 468     return true;
 469   }
 470 
 471   for (size_t i = 0; special_jvm_flags[i].name != NULL; i++) {
 472     if ((strcmp(special_jvm_flags[i].name, flag_name) == 0)) {
 473       flag = special_jvm_flags[i];
 474       return true;
 475     }
 476   }
 477   return false;
 478 }
 479 
 480 bool Arguments::is_obsolete_flag(const char *flag_name, JDK_Version* version) {
 481   assert(version != NULL, "Must provide a version buffer");
 482   SpecialFlag flag;
 483   if (lookup_special_flag(flag_name, flag)) {
 484     if (!flag.obsolete_in.is_undefined()) {
 485       if (version_less_than(JDK_Version::current(), flag.expired_in)) {
 486         *version = flag.obsolete_in;
 487         return true;
 488       }
 489     }
 490   }
 491   return false;
 492 }
 493 
 494 int Arguments::is_deprecated_flag(const char *flag_name, JDK_Version* version) {
 495   assert(version != NULL, "Must provide a version buffer");
 496   SpecialFlag flag;
 497   if (lookup_special_flag(flag_name, flag)) {
 498     if (!flag.deprecated_in.is_undefined()) {
 499       if (version_less_than(JDK_Version::current(), flag.obsolete_in) &&
 500           version_less_than(JDK_Version::current(), flag.expired_in)) {
 501         *version = flag.deprecated_in;
 502         return 1;
 503       } else {
 504         return -1;
 505       }
 506     }
 507   }
 508   return 0;
 509 }
 510 
 511 #ifndef PRODUCT
 512 const char* Arguments::removed_develop_logging_flag_name(const char* name){
 513   for (size_t i = 0; removed_develop_logging_flags[i].alias_name != NULL; i++) {
 514     const AliasedFlag& flag = removed_develop_logging_flags[i];
 515     if (strcmp(flag.alias_name, name) == 0) {
 516       return flag.real_name;
 517     }
 518   }
 519   return NULL;
 520 }
 521 #endif // PRODUCT
 522 
 523 const char* Arguments::real_flag_name(const char *flag_name) {
 524   for (size_t i = 0; aliased_jvm_flags[i].alias_name != NULL; i++) {
 525     const AliasedFlag& flag_status = aliased_jvm_flags[i];
 526     if (strcmp(flag_status.alias_name, flag_name) == 0) {
 527         return flag_status.real_name;
 528     }
 529   }
 530   return flag_name;
 531 }
 532 
 533 #ifdef ASSERT
 534 static bool lookup_special_flag(const char *flag_name, size_t skip_index) {
 535   for (size_t i = 0; special_jvm_flags[i].name != NULL; i++) {
 536     if ((i != skip_index) && (strcmp(special_jvm_flags[i].name, flag_name) == 0)) {
 537       return true;
 538     }
 539   }
 540   return false;
 541 }
 542 
 543 static bool verify_special_jvm_flags() {
 544   bool success = true;
 545   for (size_t i = 0; special_jvm_flags[i].name != NULL; i++) {
 546     const SpecialFlag& flag = special_jvm_flags[i];
 547     if (lookup_special_flag(flag.name, i)) {
 548       warning("Duplicate special flag declaration \"%s\"", flag.name);
 549       success = false;
 550     }
 551     if (flag.deprecated_in.is_undefined() &&
 552         flag.obsolete_in.is_undefined()) {
 553       warning("Special flag entry \"%s\" must declare version deprecated and/or obsoleted in.", flag.name);
 554       success = false;
 555     }
 556 
 557     if (!flag.deprecated_in.is_undefined()) {
 558       if (!version_less_than(flag.deprecated_in, flag.obsolete_in)) {
 559         warning("Special flag entry \"%s\" must be deprecated before obsoleted.", flag.name);
 560         success = false;
 561       }
 562 
 563       if (!version_less_than(flag.deprecated_in, flag.expired_in)) {
 564         warning("Special flag entry \"%s\" must be deprecated before expired.", flag.name);
 565         success = false;
 566       }
 567     }
 568 
 569     if (!flag.obsolete_in.is_undefined()) {
 570       if (!version_less_than(flag.obsolete_in, flag.expired_in)) {
 571         warning("Special flag entry \"%s\" must be obsoleted before expired.", flag.name);
 572         success = false;
 573       }
 574 
 575       // if flag has become obsolete it should not have a "globals" flag defined anymore.
 576       if (!version_less_than(JDK_Version::current(), flag.obsolete_in)) {
 577         if (Flag::find_flag(flag.name) != NULL) {
 578           warning("Global variable for obsolete special flag entry \"%s\" should be removed", flag.name);
 579           success = false;
 580         }
 581       }
 582     }
 583 
 584     if (!flag.expired_in.is_undefined()) {
 585       // if flag has become expired it should not have a "globals" flag defined anymore.
 586       if (!version_less_than(JDK_Version::current(), flag.expired_in)) {
 587         if (Flag::find_flag(flag.name) != NULL) {
 588           warning("Global variable for expired flag entry \"%s\" should be removed", flag.name);
 589           success = false;
 590         }
 591       }
 592     }
 593 
 594   }
 595   return success;
 596 }
 597 #endif
 598 
 599 // Parses a size specification string.
 600 bool Arguments::atojulong(const char *s, julong* result) {
 601   julong n = 0;
 602 
 603   // First char must be a digit. Don't allow negative numbers or leading spaces.
 604   if (!isdigit(*s)) {
 605     return false;
 606   }
 607 
 608   bool is_hex = (s[0] == '0' && (s[1] == 'x' || s[1] == 'X'));
 609   char* remainder;
 610   errno = 0;
 611   n = strtoull(s, &remainder, (is_hex ? 16 : 10));
 612   if (errno != 0) {
 613     return false;
 614   }
 615 
 616   // Fail if no number was read at all or if the remainder contains more than a single non-digit character.
 617   if (remainder == s || strlen(remainder) > 1) {
 618     return false;
 619   }
 620 
 621   switch (*remainder) {
 622     case 'T': case 't':
 623       *result = n * G * K;
 624       // Check for overflow.
 625       if (*result/((julong)G * K) != n) return false;
 626       return true;
 627     case 'G': case 'g':
 628       *result = n * G;
 629       if (*result/G != n) return false;
 630       return true;
 631     case 'M': case 'm':
 632       *result = n * M;
 633       if (*result/M != n) return false;
 634       return true;
 635     case 'K': case 'k':
 636       *result = n * K;
 637       if (*result/K != n) return false;
 638       return true;
 639     case '\0':
 640       *result = n;
 641       return true;
 642     default:
 643       return false;
 644   }
 645 }
 646 
 647 Arguments::ArgsRange Arguments::check_memory_size(julong size, julong min_size) {
 648   if (size < min_size) return arg_too_small;
 649   // Check that size will fit in a size_t (only relevant on 32-bit)
 650   if (size > max_uintx) return arg_too_big;
 651   return arg_in_range;
 652 }
 653 
 654 // Describe an argument out of range error
 655 void Arguments::describe_range_error(ArgsRange errcode) {
 656   switch(errcode) {
 657   case arg_too_big:
 658     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
 659                 "The specified size exceeds the maximum "
 660                 "representable size.\n");
 661     break;
 662   case arg_too_small:
 663   case arg_unreadable:
 664   case arg_in_range:
 665     // do nothing for now
 666     break;
 667   default:
 668     ShouldNotReachHere();
 669   }
 670 }
 671 
 672 static bool set_bool_flag(const char* name, bool value, Flag::Flags origin) {
 673   if (CommandLineFlags::boolAtPut(name, &value, origin) == Flag::SUCCESS) {
 674     return true;
 675   } else {
 676     return false;
 677   }
 678 }
 679 
 680 static bool set_fp_numeric_flag(const char* name, char* value, Flag::Flags origin) {
 681   char* end;
 682   errno = 0;
 683   double v = strtod(value, &end);
 684   if ((errno != 0) || (*end != 0)) {
 685     return false;
 686   }
 687 
 688   if (CommandLineFlags::doubleAtPut(name, &v, origin) == Flag::SUCCESS) {
 689     return true;
 690   }
 691   return false;
 692 }
 693 
 694 static bool set_numeric_flag(const char* name, char* value, Flag::Flags origin) {
 695   julong v;
 696   int int_v;
 697   intx intx_v;
 698   bool is_neg = false;
 699   Flag* result = Flag::find_flag(name, strlen(name));
 700 
 701   if (result == NULL) {
 702     return false;
 703   }
 704 
 705   // Check the sign first since atojulong() parses only unsigned values.
 706   if (*value == '-') {
 707     if (!result->is_intx() && !result->is_int()) {
 708       return false;
 709     }
 710     value++;
 711     is_neg = true;
 712   }
 713   if (!Arguments::atojulong(value, &v)) {
 714     return false;
 715   }
 716   if (result->is_int()) {
 717     int_v = (int) v;
 718     if (is_neg) {
 719       int_v = -int_v;
 720     }
 721     return CommandLineFlags::intAtPut(result, &int_v, origin) == Flag::SUCCESS;
 722   } else if (result->is_uint()) {
 723     uint uint_v = (uint) v;
 724     return CommandLineFlags::uintAtPut(result, &uint_v, origin) == Flag::SUCCESS;
 725   } else if (result->is_intx()) {
 726     intx_v = (intx) v;
 727     if (is_neg) {
 728       intx_v = -intx_v;
 729     }
 730     return CommandLineFlags::intxAtPut(result, &intx_v, origin) == Flag::SUCCESS;
 731   } else if (result->is_uintx()) {
 732     uintx uintx_v = (uintx) v;
 733     return CommandLineFlags::uintxAtPut(result, &uintx_v, origin) == Flag::SUCCESS;
 734   } else if (result->is_uint64_t()) {
 735     uint64_t uint64_t_v = (uint64_t) v;
 736     return CommandLineFlags::uint64_tAtPut(result, &uint64_t_v, origin) == Flag::SUCCESS;
 737   } else if (result->is_size_t()) {
 738     size_t size_t_v = (size_t) v;
 739     return CommandLineFlags::size_tAtPut(result, &size_t_v, origin) == Flag::SUCCESS;
 740   } else if (result->is_double()) {
 741     double double_v = (double) v;
 742     return CommandLineFlags::doubleAtPut(result, &double_v, origin) == Flag::SUCCESS;
 743   } else {
 744     return false;
 745   }
 746 }
 747 
 748 static bool set_string_flag(const char* name, const char* value, Flag::Flags origin) {
 749   if (CommandLineFlags::ccstrAtPut(name, &value, origin) != Flag::SUCCESS) return false;
 750   // Contract:  CommandLineFlags always returns a pointer that needs freeing.
 751   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, value);
 752   return true;
 753 }
 754 
 755 static bool append_to_string_flag(const char* name, const char* new_value, Flag::Flags origin) {
 756   const char* old_value = "";
 757   if (CommandLineFlags::ccstrAt(name, &old_value) != Flag::SUCCESS) return false;
 758   size_t old_len = old_value != NULL ? strlen(old_value) : 0;
 759   size_t new_len = strlen(new_value);
 760   const char* value;
 761   char* free_this_too = NULL;
 762   if (old_len == 0) {
 763     value = new_value;
 764   } else if (new_len == 0) {
 765     value = old_value;
 766   } else {
 767      size_t length = old_len + 1 + new_len + 1;
 768      char* buf = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, length, mtArguments);
 769     // each new setting adds another LINE to the switch:
 770     jio_snprintf(buf, length, "%s\n%s", old_value, new_value);
 771     value = buf;
 772     free_this_too = buf;
 773   }
 774   (void) CommandLineFlags::ccstrAtPut(name, &value, origin);
 775   // CommandLineFlags always returns a pointer that needs freeing.
 776   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, value);
 777   if (free_this_too != NULL) {
 778     // CommandLineFlags made its own copy, so I must delete my own temp. buffer.
 779     FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, free_this_too);
 780   }
 781   return true;
 782 }
 783 
 784 const char* Arguments::handle_aliases_and_deprecation(const char* arg, bool warn) {
 785   const char* real_name = real_flag_name(arg);
 786   JDK_Version since = JDK_Version();
 787   switch (is_deprecated_flag(arg, &since)) {
 788     case -1:
 789       return NULL; // obsolete or expired, don't process normally
 790     case 0:
 791       return real_name;
 792     case 1: {
 793       if (warn) {
 794         char version[256];
 795         since.to_string(version, sizeof(version));
 796         if (real_name != arg) {
 797           warning("Option %s was deprecated in version %s and will likely be removed in a future release. Use option %s instead.",
 798                   arg, version, real_name);
 799         } else {
 800           warning("Option %s was deprecated in version %s and will likely be removed in a future release.",
 801                   arg, version);
 802         }
 803       }
 804       return real_name;
 805     }
 806   }
 807   ShouldNotReachHere();
 808   return NULL;
 809 }
 810 
 811 void log_deprecated_flag(const char* name, bool on, AliasedLoggingFlag alf) {
 812   LogTagType tagSet[] = {alf.tag0, alf.tag1, alf.tag2, alf.tag3, alf.tag4, alf.tag5};
 813   // Set tagset string buffer at max size of 256, large enough for any alias tagset
 814   const int max_tagset_size = 256;
 815   int max_tagset_len = max_tagset_size - 1;
 816   char tagset_buffer[max_tagset_size];
 817   tagset_buffer[0] = '\0';
 818 
 819   // Write tag-set for aliased logging option, in string list form
 820   int max_tags = sizeof(tagSet)/sizeof(tagSet[0]);
 821   for (int i = 0; i < max_tags && tagSet[i] != LogTag::__NO_TAG; i++) {
 822     if (i > 0) {
 823       strncat(tagset_buffer, "+", max_tagset_len - strlen(tagset_buffer));
 824     }
 825     strncat(tagset_buffer, LogTag::name(tagSet[i]), max_tagset_len - strlen(tagset_buffer));
 826   }
 827   if (!alf.exactMatch) {
 828       strncat(tagset_buffer, "*", max_tagset_len - strlen(tagset_buffer));
 829   }
 830   log_warning(arguments)("-XX:%s%s is deprecated. Will use -Xlog:%s=%s instead.",
 831                          (on) ? "+" : "-",
 832                          name,
 833                          tagset_buffer,
 834                          (on) ? LogLevel::name(alf.level) : "off");
 835 }
 836 
 837 AliasedLoggingFlag Arguments::catch_logging_aliases(const char* name, bool on){
 838   for (size_t i = 0; aliased_logging_flags[i].alias_name != NULL; i++) {
 839     const AliasedLoggingFlag& alf = aliased_logging_flags[i];
 840     if (strcmp(alf.alias_name, name) == 0) {
 841       log_deprecated_flag(name, on, alf);
 842       return alf;
 843     }
 844   }
 845   AliasedLoggingFlag a = {NULL, LogLevel::Off, false, LOG_TAGS(_NO_TAG)};
 846   return a;
 847 }
 848 
 849 bool Arguments::parse_argument(const char* arg, Flag::Flags origin) {
 850 
 851   // range of acceptable characters spelled out for portability reasons
 852 #define NAME_RANGE  "[abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789_]"
 853 #define BUFLEN 255
 854   char name[BUFLEN+1];
 855   char dummy;
 856   const char* real_name;
 857   bool warn_if_deprecated = true;
 858 
 859   if (sscanf(arg, "-%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "%c", name, &dummy) == 1) {
 860     AliasedLoggingFlag alf = catch_logging_aliases(name, false);
 861     if (alf.alias_name != NULL){
 862       LogConfiguration::configure_stdout(LogLevel::Off, alf.exactMatch, alf.tag0, alf.tag1, alf.tag2, alf.tag3, alf.tag4, alf.tag5);
 863       return true;
 864     }
 865     real_name = handle_aliases_and_deprecation(name, warn_if_deprecated);
 866     if (real_name == NULL) {
 867       return false;
 868     }
 869     return set_bool_flag(real_name, false, origin);
 870   }
 871   if (sscanf(arg, "+%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "%c", name, &dummy) == 1) {
 872     AliasedLoggingFlag alf = catch_logging_aliases(name, true);
 873     if (alf.alias_name != NULL){
 874       LogConfiguration::configure_stdout(alf.level, alf.exactMatch, alf.tag0, alf.tag1, alf.tag2, alf.tag3, alf.tag4, alf.tag5);
 875       return true;
 876     }
 877     real_name = handle_aliases_and_deprecation(name, warn_if_deprecated);
 878     if (real_name == NULL) {
 879       return false;
 880     }
 881     return set_bool_flag(real_name, true, origin);
 882   }
 883 
 884   char punct;
 885   if (sscanf(arg, "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "%c", name, &punct) == 2 && punct == '=') {
 886     const char* value = strchr(arg, '=') + 1;
 887     Flag* flag;
 888 
 889     // this scanf pattern matches both strings (handled here) and numbers (handled later))
 890     AliasedLoggingFlag alf = catch_logging_aliases(name, true);
 891     if (alf.alias_name != NULL) {
 892       LogConfiguration::configure_stdout(alf.level, alf.exactMatch, alf.tag0, alf.tag1, alf.tag2, alf.tag3, alf.tag4, alf.tag5);
 893       return true;
 894     }
 895     real_name = handle_aliases_and_deprecation(name, warn_if_deprecated);
 896     if (real_name == NULL) {
 897       return false;
 898     }
 899     flag = Flag::find_flag(real_name);
 900     if (flag != NULL && flag->is_ccstr()) {
 901       if (flag->ccstr_accumulates()) {
 902         return append_to_string_flag(real_name, value, origin);
 903       } else {
 904         if (value[0] == '\0') {
 905           value = NULL;
 906         }
 907         return set_string_flag(real_name, value, origin);
 908       }
 909     } else {
 910       warn_if_deprecated = false; // if arg is deprecated, we've already done warning...
 911     }
 912   }
 913 
 914   if (sscanf(arg, "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE ":%c", name, &punct) == 2 && punct == '=') {
 915     const char* value = strchr(arg, '=') + 1;
 916     // -XX:Foo:=xxx will reset the string flag to the given value.
 917     if (value[0] == '\0') {
 918       value = NULL;
 919     }
 920     real_name = handle_aliases_and_deprecation(name, warn_if_deprecated);
 921     if (real_name == NULL) {
 922       return false;
 923     }
 924     return set_string_flag(real_name, value, origin);
 925   }
 926 
 927 #define SIGNED_FP_NUMBER_RANGE "[-0123456789.eE+]"
 928 #define SIGNED_NUMBER_RANGE    "[-0123456789]"
 929 #define        NUMBER_RANGE    "[0123456789eE+-]"
 930   char value[BUFLEN + 1];
 931   char value2[BUFLEN + 1];
 932   if (sscanf(arg, "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "=" "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) SIGNED_NUMBER_RANGE "." "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NUMBER_RANGE "%c", name, value, value2, &dummy) == 3) {
 933     // Looks like a floating-point number -- try again with more lenient format string
 934     if (sscanf(arg, "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "=" "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) SIGNED_FP_NUMBER_RANGE "%c", name, value, &dummy) == 2) {
 935       real_name = handle_aliases_and_deprecation(name, warn_if_deprecated);
 936       if (real_name == NULL) {
 937         return false;
 938       }
 939       return set_fp_numeric_flag(real_name, value, origin);
 940     }
 941   }
 942 
 943 #define VALUE_RANGE "[-kmgtxKMGTX0123456789abcdefABCDEF]"
 944   if (sscanf(arg, "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "=" "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) VALUE_RANGE "%c", name, value, &dummy) == 2) {
 945     real_name = handle_aliases_and_deprecation(name, warn_if_deprecated);
 946     if (real_name == NULL) {
 947       return false;
 948     }
 949     return set_numeric_flag(real_name, value, origin);
 950   }
 951 
 952   return false;
 953 }
 954 
 955 void Arguments::add_string(char*** bldarray, int* count, const char* arg) {
 956   assert(bldarray != NULL, "illegal argument");
 957 
 958   if (arg == NULL) {
 959     return;
 960   }
 961 
 962   int new_count = *count + 1;
 963 
 964   // expand the array and add arg to the last element
 965   if (*bldarray == NULL) {
 966     *bldarray = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char*, new_count, mtArguments);
 967   } else {
 968     *bldarray = REALLOC_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char*, *bldarray, new_count, mtArguments);
 969   }
 970   (*bldarray)[*count] = os::strdup_check_oom(arg);
 971   *count = new_count;
 972 }
 973 
 974 void Arguments::build_jvm_args(const char* arg) {
 975   add_string(&_jvm_args_array, &_num_jvm_args, arg);
 976 }
 977 
 978 void Arguments::build_jvm_flags(const char* arg) {
 979   add_string(&_jvm_flags_array, &_num_jvm_flags, arg);
 980 }
 981 
 982 // utility function to return a string that concatenates all
 983 // strings in a given char** array
 984 const char* Arguments::build_resource_string(char** args, int count) {
 985   if (args == NULL || count == 0) {
 986     return NULL;
 987   }
 988   size_t length = 0;
 989   for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
 990     length += strlen(args[i]) + 1; // add 1 for a space or NULL terminating character
 991   }
 992   char* s = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(char, length);
 993   char* dst = s;
 994   for (int j = 0; j < count; j++) {
 995     size_t offset = strlen(args[j]) + 1; // add 1 for a space or NULL terminating character
 996     jio_snprintf(dst, length, "%s ", args[j]); // jio_snprintf will replace the last space character with NULL character
 997     dst += offset;
 998     length -= offset;
 999   }
1000   return (const char*) s;
1001 }
1002 
1003 void Arguments::print_on(outputStream* st) {
1004   st->print_cr("VM Arguments:");
1005   if (num_jvm_flags() > 0) {
1006     st->print("jvm_flags: "); print_jvm_flags_on(st);
1007     st->cr();
1008   }
1009   if (num_jvm_args() > 0) {
1010     st->print("jvm_args: "); print_jvm_args_on(st);
1011     st->cr();
1012   }
1013   st->print_cr("java_command: %s", java_command() ? java_command() : "<unknown>");
1014   if (_java_class_path != NULL) {
1015     char* path = _java_class_path->value();
1016     st->print_cr("java_class_path (initial): %s", strlen(path) == 0 ? "<not set>" : path );
1017   }
1018   st->print_cr("Launcher Type: %s", _sun_java_launcher);
1019 }
1020 
1021 void Arguments::print_summary_on(outputStream* st) {
1022   // Print the command line.  Environment variables that are helpful for
1023   // reproducing the problem are written later in the hs_err file.
1024   // flags are from setting file
1025   if (num_jvm_flags() > 0) {
1026     st->print_raw("Settings File: ");
1027     print_jvm_flags_on(st);
1028     st->cr();
1029   }
1030   // args are the command line and environment variable arguments.
1031   st->print_raw("Command Line: ");
1032   if (num_jvm_args() > 0) {
1033     print_jvm_args_on(st);
1034   }
1035   // this is the classfile and any arguments to the java program
1036   if (java_command() != NULL) {
1037     st->print("%s", java_command());
1038   }
1039   st->cr();
1040 }
1041 
1042 void Arguments::print_jvm_flags_on(outputStream* st) {
1043   if (_num_jvm_flags > 0) {
1044     for (int i=0; i < _num_jvm_flags; i++) {
1045       st->print("%s ", _jvm_flags_array[i]);
1046     }
1047   }
1048 }
1049 
1050 void Arguments::print_jvm_args_on(outputStream* st) {
1051   if (_num_jvm_args > 0) {
1052     for (int i=0; i < _num_jvm_args; i++) {
1053       st->print("%s ", _jvm_args_array[i]);
1054     }
1055   }
1056 }
1057 
1058 bool Arguments::process_argument(const char* arg,
1059                                  jboolean ignore_unrecognized,
1060                                  Flag::Flags origin) {
1061   JDK_Version since = JDK_Version();
1062 
1063   if (parse_argument(arg, origin)) {
1064     return true;
1065   }
1066 
1067   // Determine if the flag has '+', '-', or '=' characters.
1068   bool has_plus_minus = (*arg == '+' || *arg == '-');
1069   const char* const argname = has_plus_minus ? arg + 1 : arg;
1070 
1071   size_t arg_len;
1072   const char* equal_sign = strchr(argname, '=');
1073   if (equal_sign == NULL) {
1074     arg_len = strlen(argname);
1075   } else {
1076     arg_len = equal_sign - argname;
1077   }
1078 
1079   // Only make the obsolete check for valid arguments.
1080   if (arg_len <= BUFLEN) {
1081     // Construct a string which consists only of the argument name without '+', '-', or '='.
1082     char stripped_argname[BUFLEN+1]; // +1 for '\0'
1083     jio_snprintf(stripped_argname, arg_len+1, "%s", argname); // +1 for '\0'
1084     if (is_obsolete_flag(stripped_argname, &since)) {
1085       char version[256];
1086       since.to_string(version, sizeof(version));
1087       warning("Ignoring option %s; support was removed in %s", stripped_argname, version);
1088       return true;
1089     }
1090 #ifndef PRODUCT
1091     else {
1092       const char* replacement;
1093       if ((replacement = removed_develop_logging_flag_name(stripped_argname)) != NULL){
1094         log_warning(arguments)("%s has been removed. Please use %s instead.",
1095                                stripped_argname,
1096                                replacement);
1097         return false;
1098       }
1099     }
1100 #endif //PRODUCT
1101   }
1102 
1103   // For locked flags, report a custom error message if available.
1104   // Otherwise, report the standard unrecognized VM option.
1105   Flag* found_flag = Flag::find_flag((const char*)argname, arg_len, true, true);
1106   if (found_flag != NULL) {
1107     char locked_message_buf[BUFLEN];
1108     Flag::MsgType msg_type = found_flag->get_locked_message(locked_message_buf, BUFLEN);
1109     if (strlen(locked_message_buf) == 0) {
1110       if (found_flag->is_bool() && !has_plus_minus) {
1111         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1112           "Missing +/- setting for VM option '%s'\n", argname);
1113       } else if (!found_flag->is_bool() && has_plus_minus) {
1114         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1115           "Unexpected +/- setting in VM option '%s'\n", argname);
1116       } else {
1117         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1118           "Improperly specified VM option '%s'\n", argname);
1119       }
1120     } else {
1121 #ifdef PRODUCT
1122       bool mismatched = ((msg_type == Flag::NOTPRODUCT_FLAG_BUT_PRODUCT_BUILD) ||
1123                          (msg_type == Flag::DEVELOPER_FLAG_BUT_PRODUCT_BUILD));
1124       if (ignore_unrecognized && mismatched) {
1125         return true;
1126       }
1127 #endif
1128       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(), "%s", locked_message_buf);
1129     }
1130   } else {
1131     if (ignore_unrecognized) {
1132       return true;
1133     }
1134     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1135                 "Unrecognized VM option '%s'\n", argname);
1136     Flag* fuzzy_matched = Flag::fuzzy_match((const char*)argname, arg_len, true);
1137     if (fuzzy_matched != NULL) {
1138       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1139                   "Did you mean '%s%s%s'? ",
1140                   (fuzzy_matched->is_bool()) ? "(+/-)" : "",
1141                   fuzzy_matched->_name,
1142                   (fuzzy_matched->is_bool()) ? "" : "=<value>");
1143     }
1144   }
1145 
1146   // allow for commandline "commenting out" options like -XX:#+Verbose
1147   return arg[0] == '#';
1148 }
1149 
1150 bool Arguments::process_settings_file(const char* file_name, bool should_exist, jboolean ignore_unrecognized) {
1151   FILE* stream = fopen(file_name, "rb");
1152   if (stream == NULL) {
1153     if (should_exist) {
1154       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1155                   "Could not open settings file %s\n", file_name);
1156       return false;
1157     } else {
1158       return true;
1159     }
1160   }
1161 
1162   char token[1024];
1163   int  pos = 0;
1164 
1165   bool in_white_space = true;
1166   bool in_comment     = false;
1167   bool in_quote       = false;
1168   char quote_c        = 0;
1169   bool result         = true;
1170 
1171   int c = getc(stream);
1172   while(c != EOF && pos < (int)(sizeof(token)-1)) {
1173     if (in_white_space) {
1174       if (in_comment) {
1175         if (c == '\n') in_comment = false;
1176       } else {
1177         if (c == '#') in_comment = true;
1178         else if (!isspace(c)) {
1179           in_white_space = false;
1180           token[pos++] = c;
1181         }
1182       }
1183     } else {
1184       if (c == '\n' || (!in_quote && isspace(c))) {
1185         // token ends at newline, or at unquoted whitespace
1186         // this allows a way to include spaces in string-valued options
1187         token[pos] = '\0';
1188         logOption(token);
1189         result &= process_argument(token, ignore_unrecognized, Flag::CONFIG_FILE);
1190         build_jvm_flags(token);
1191         pos = 0;
1192         in_white_space = true;
1193         in_quote = false;
1194       } else if (!in_quote && (c == '\'' || c == '"')) {
1195         in_quote = true;
1196         quote_c = c;
1197       } else if (in_quote && (c == quote_c)) {
1198         in_quote = false;
1199       } else {
1200         token[pos++] = c;
1201       }
1202     }
1203     c = getc(stream);
1204   }
1205   if (pos > 0) {
1206     token[pos] = '\0';
1207     result &= process_argument(token, ignore_unrecognized, Flag::CONFIG_FILE);
1208     build_jvm_flags(token);
1209   }
1210   fclose(stream);
1211   return result;
1212 }
1213 
1214 //=============================================================================================================
1215 // Parsing of properties (-D)
1216 
1217 const char* Arguments::get_property(const char* key) {
1218   return PropertyList_get_value(system_properties(), key);
1219 }
1220 
1221 bool Arguments::add_property(const char* prop, PropertyWriteable writeable, PropertyInternal internal) {
1222   const char* eq = strchr(prop, '=');
1223   const char* key;
1224   const char* value = "";
1225 
1226   if (eq == NULL) {
1227     // property doesn't have a value, thus use passed string
1228     key = prop;
1229   } else {
1230     // property have a value, thus extract it and save to the
1231     // allocated string
1232     size_t key_len = eq - prop;
1233     char* tmp_key = AllocateHeap(key_len + 1, mtArguments);
1234 
1235     jio_snprintf(tmp_key, key_len + 1, "%s", prop);
1236     key = tmp_key;
1237 
1238     value = &prop[key_len + 1];
1239   }
1240 
1241   if (strcmp(key, "java.compiler") == 0) {
1242     process_java_compiler_argument(value);
1243     // Record value in Arguments, but let it get passed to Java.
1244   } else if (strcmp(key, "sun.java.launcher.is_altjvm") == 0 ||
1245              strcmp(key, "sun.java.launcher.pid") == 0) {
1246     // sun.java.launcher.is_altjvm and sun.java.launcher.pid property are
1247     // private and are processed in process_sun_java_launcher_properties();
1248     // the sun.java.launcher property is passed on to the java application
1249   } else if (strcmp(key, "sun.boot.library.path") == 0) {
1250     // append is true, writable is true, internal is false
1251     PropertyList_unique_add(&_system_properties, key, value, AppendProperty,
1252                             WriteableProperty, ExternalProperty);
1253   } else {
1254     if (strcmp(key, "sun.java.command") == 0) {
1255       char *old_java_command = _java_command;
1256       _java_command = os::strdup_check_oom(value, mtArguments);
1257       if (old_java_command != NULL) {
1258         os::free(old_java_command);
1259       }
1260     } else if (strcmp(key, "java.vendor.url.bug") == 0) {
1261       const char* old_java_vendor_url_bug = _java_vendor_url_bug;
1262       // save it in _java_vendor_url_bug, so JVM fatal error handler can access
1263       // its value without going through the property list or making a Java call.
1264       _java_vendor_url_bug = os::strdup_check_oom(value, mtArguments);
1265       if (old_java_vendor_url_bug != DEFAULT_VENDOR_URL_BUG) {
1266         assert(old_java_vendor_url_bug != NULL, "_java_vendor_url_bug is NULL");
1267         os::free((void *)old_java_vendor_url_bug);
1268       }
1269     }
1270 
1271     // Create new property and add at the end of the list
1272     PropertyList_unique_add(&_system_properties, key, value, AddProperty, writeable, internal);
1273   }
1274 
1275   if (key != prop) {
1276     // SystemProperty copy passed value, thus free previously allocated
1277     // memory
1278     FreeHeap((void *)key);
1279   }
1280 
1281   return true;
1282 }
1283 
1284 #if INCLUDE_CDS
1285 void Arguments::check_unsupported_dumping_properties() {
1286   assert(DumpSharedSpaces, "this function is only used with -Xshare:dump");
1287   const char* unsupported_properties[] = { "jdk.module.main",
1288                                            "jdk.module.limitmods",
1289                                            "jdk.module.path",
1290                                            "jdk.module.upgrade.path",
1291                                            "jdk.module.addmods.0",
1292                                            "jdk.module.patch.0" };
1293   const char* unsupported_options[] = { "-m", // cannot use at dump time
1294                                         "--limit-modules", // ignored at dump time
1295                                         "--module-path", // ignored at dump time
1296                                         "--upgrade-module-path", // ignored at dump time
1297                                         "--add-modules", // ignored at dump time
1298                                         "--patch-module" // ignored at dump time
1299                                       };
1300   assert(ARRAY_SIZE(unsupported_properties) == ARRAY_SIZE(unsupported_options), "must be");
1301   // If a vm option is found in the unsupported_options array with index less than the info_idx,
1302   // vm will exit with an error message. Otherwise, it will print an informational message if
1303   // -Xlog:cds is enabled.
1304   uint info_idx = 1;
1305   SystemProperty* sp = system_properties();
1306   while (sp != NULL) {
1307     for (uint i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(unsupported_properties); i++) {
1308       if (strcmp(sp->key(), unsupported_properties[i]) == 0) {
1309         if (i < info_idx) {
1310           vm_exit_during_initialization(
1311             "Cannot use the following option when dumping the shared archive", unsupported_options[i]);
1312         } else {
1313           log_info(cds)("Info: the %s option is ignored when dumping the shared archive",
1314                         unsupported_options[i]);
1315         }
1316       }
1317     }
1318     sp = sp->next();
1319   }
1320 
1321   // Check for an exploded module build in use with -Xshare:dump.
1322   if (!has_jimage()) {
1323     vm_exit_during_initialization("Dumping the shared archive is not supported with an exploded module build");
1324   }
1325 }
1326 #endif
1327 
1328 //===========================================================================================================
1329 // Setting int/mixed/comp mode flags
1330 
1331 void Arguments::set_mode_flags(Mode mode) {
1332   // Set up default values for all flags.
1333   // If you add a flag to any of the branches below,
1334   // add a default value for it here.
1335   set_java_compiler(false);
1336   _mode                      = mode;
1337 
1338   // Ensure Agent_OnLoad has the correct initial values.
1339   // This may not be the final mode; mode may change later in onload phase.
1340   PropertyList_unique_add(&_system_properties, "java.vm.info",
1341                           VM_Version::vm_info_string(), AddProperty, UnwriteableProperty, ExternalProperty);
1342 
1343   UseInterpreter             = true;
1344   UseCompiler                = true;
1345   UseLoopCounter             = true;
1346 
1347   // Default values may be platform/compiler dependent -
1348   // use the saved values
1349   ClipInlining               = Arguments::_ClipInlining;
1350   AlwaysCompileLoopMethods   = Arguments::_AlwaysCompileLoopMethods;
1351   UseOnStackReplacement      = Arguments::_UseOnStackReplacement;
1352   BackgroundCompilation      = Arguments::_BackgroundCompilation;
1353   if (TieredCompilation) {
1354     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(Tier3InvokeNotifyFreqLog)) {
1355       Tier3InvokeNotifyFreqLog = Arguments::_Tier3InvokeNotifyFreqLog;
1356     }
1357     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(Tier4InvocationThreshold)) {
1358       Tier4InvocationThreshold = Arguments::_Tier4InvocationThreshold;
1359     }
1360   }
1361 
1362   // Change from defaults based on mode
1363   switch (mode) {
1364   default:
1365     ShouldNotReachHere();
1366     break;
1367   case _int:
1368     UseCompiler              = false;
1369     UseLoopCounter           = false;
1370     AlwaysCompileLoopMethods = false;
1371     UseOnStackReplacement    = false;
1372     break;
1373   case _mixed:
1374     // same as default
1375     break;
1376   case _comp:
1377     UseInterpreter           = false;
1378     BackgroundCompilation    = false;
1379     ClipInlining             = false;
1380     // Be much more aggressive in tiered mode with -Xcomp and exercise C2 more.
1381     // We will first compile a level 3 version (C1 with full profiling), then do one invocation of it and
1382     // compile a level 4 (C2) and then continue executing it.
1383     if (TieredCompilation) {
1384       Tier3InvokeNotifyFreqLog = 0;
1385       Tier4InvocationThreshold = 0;
1386     }
1387     break;
1388   }
1389 }
1390 
1391 // Conflict: required to use shared spaces (-Xshare:on), but
1392 // incompatible command line options were chosen.
1393 static void no_shared_spaces(const char* message) {
1394   if (RequireSharedSpaces) {
1395     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1396       "Class data sharing is inconsistent with other specified options.\n");
1397     vm_exit_during_initialization("Unable to use shared archive.", message);
1398   } else {
1399     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseSharedSpaces, false);
1400   }
1401 }
1402 
1403 // Returns threshold scaled with the value of scale.
1404 // If scale < 0.0, threshold is returned without scaling.
1405 intx Arguments::scaled_compile_threshold(intx threshold, double scale) {
1406   if (scale == 1.0 || scale < 0.0) {
1407     return threshold;
1408   } else {
1409     return (intx)(threshold * scale);
1410   }
1411 }
1412 
1413 // Returns freq_log scaled with the value of scale.
1414 // Returned values are in the range of [0, InvocationCounter::number_of_count_bits + 1].
1415 // If scale < 0.0, freq_log is returned without scaling.
1416 intx Arguments::scaled_freq_log(intx freq_log, double scale) {
1417   // Check if scaling is necessary or if negative value was specified.
1418   if (scale == 1.0 || scale < 0.0) {
1419     return freq_log;
1420   }
1421   // Check values to avoid calculating log2 of 0.
1422   if (scale == 0.0 || freq_log == 0) {
1423     return 0;
1424   }
1425   // Determine the maximum notification frequency value currently supported.
1426   // The largest mask value that the interpreter/C1 can handle is
1427   // of length InvocationCounter::number_of_count_bits. Mask values are always
1428   // one bit shorter then the value of the notification frequency. Set
1429   // max_freq_bits accordingly.
1430   intx max_freq_bits = InvocationCounter::number_of_count_bits + 1;
1431   intx scaled_freq = scaled_compile_threshold((intx)1 << freq_log, scale);
1432   if (scaled_freq == 0) {
1433     // Return 0 right away to avoid calculating log2 of 0.
1434     return 0;
1435   } else if (scaled_freq > nth_bit(max_freq_bits)) {
1436     return max_freq_bits;
1437   } else {
1438     return log2_intptr(scaled_freq);
1439   }
1440 }
1441 
1442 void Arguments::set_tiered_flags() {
1443   // With tiered, set default policy to AdvancedThresholdPolicy, which is 3.
1444   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(CompilationPolicyChoice)) {
1445     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(CompilationPolicyChoice, 3);
1446   }
1447   if (CompilationPolicyChoice < 2) {
1448     vm_exit_during_initialization(
1449       "Incompatible compilation policy selected", NULL);
1450   }
1451   // Increase the code cache size - tiered compiles a lot more.
1452   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ReservedCodeCacheSize)) {
1453     FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, ReservedCodeCacheSize,
1454                   MIN2(CODE_CACHE_DEFAULT_LIMIT, ReservedCodeCacheSize * 5));
1455   }
1456   // Enable SegmentedCodeCache if TieredCompilation is enabled and ReservedCodeCacheSize >= 240M
1457   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(SegmentedCodeCache) && ReservedCodeCacheSize >= 240*M) {
1458     FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, SegmentedCodeCache, true);
1459   }
1460   if (!UseInterpreter) { // -Xcomp
1461     Tier3InvokeNotifyFreqLog = 0;
1462     Tier4InvocationThreshold = 0;
1463   }
1464 
1465   if (CompileThresholdScaling < 0) {
1466     vm_exit_during_initialization("Negative value specified for CompileThresholdScaling", NULL);
1467   }
1468 
1469   // Scale tiered compilation thresholds.
1470   // CompileThresholdScaling == 0.0 is equivalent to -Xint and leaves compilation thresholds unchanged.
1471   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(CompileThresholdScaling) && CompileThresholdScaling > 0.0) {
1472     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier0InvokeNotifyFreqLog, scaled_freq_log(Tier0InvokeNotifyFreqLog));
1473     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier0BackedgeNotifyFreqLog, scaled_freq_log(Tier0BackedgeNotifyFreqLog));
1474 
1475     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier3InvocationThreshold, scaled_compile_threshold(Tier3InvocationThreshold));
1476     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier3MinInvocationThreshold, scaled_compile_threshold(Tier3MinInvocationThreshold));
1477     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier3CompileThreshold, scaled_compile_threshold(Tier3CompileThreshold));
1478     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier3BackEdgeThreshold, scaled_compile_threshold(Tier3BackEdgeThreshold));
1479 
1480     // Tier2{Invocation,MinInvocation,Compile,Backedge}Threshold should be scaled here
1481     // once these thresholds become supported.
1482 
1483     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier2InvokeNotifyFreqLog, scaled_freq_log(Tier2InvokeNotifyFreqLog));
1484     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier2BackedgeNotifyFreqLog, scaled_freq_log(Tier2BackedgeNotifyFreqLog));
1485 
1486     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier3InvokeNotifyFreqLog, scaled_freq_log(Tier3InvokeNotifyFreqLog));
1487     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier3BackedgeNotifyFreqLog, scaled_freq_log(Tier3BackedgeNotifyFreqLog));
1488 
1489     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier23InlineeNotifyFreqLog, scaled_freq_log(Tier23InlineeNotifyFreqLog));
1490 
1491     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier4InvocationThreshold, scaled_compile_threshold(Tier4InvocationThreshold));
1492     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier4MinInvocationThreshold, scaled_compile_threshold(Tier4MinInvocationThreshold));
1493     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier4CompileThreshold, scaled_compile_threshold(Tier4CompileThreshold));
1494     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier4BackEdgeThreshold, scaled_compile_threshold(Tier4BackEdgeThreshold));
1495   }
1496 }
1497 
1498 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1499 static void disable_adaptive_size_policy(const char* collector_name) {
1500   if (UseAdaptiveSizePolicy) {
1501     if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(UseAdaptiveSizePolicy)) {
1502       warning("Disabling UseAdaptiveSizePolicy; it is incompatible with %s.",
1503               collector_name);
1504     }
1505     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseAdaptiveSizePolicy, false);
1506   }
1507 }
1508 
1509 void Arguments::set_parnew_gc_flags() {
1510   assert(!UseSerialGC && !UseParallelOldGC && !UseParallelGC && !UseG1GC,
1511          "control point invariant");
1512   assert(UseConcMarkSweepGC, "CMS is expected to be on here");
1513 
1514   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads)) {
1515     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads, Abstract_VM_Version::parallel_worker_threads());
1516     assert(ParallelGCThreads > 0, "We should always have at least one thread by default");
1517   } else if (ParallelGCThreads == 0) {
1518     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1519         "The ParNew GC can not be combined with -XX:ParallelGCThreads=0\n");
1520     vm_exit(1);
1521   }
1522 
1523   // By default YoungPLABSize and OldPLABSize are set to 4096 and 1024 respectively,
1524   // these settings are default for Parallel Scavenger. For ParNew+Tenured configuration
1525   // we set them to 1024 and 1024.
1526   // See CR 6362902.
1527   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(YoungPLABSize)) {
1528     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(YoungPLABSize, (intx)1024);
1529   }
1530   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(OldPLABSize)) {
1531     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(OldPLABSize, (intx)1024);
1532   }
1533 
1534   // When using compressed oops, we use local overflow stacks,
1535   // rather than using a global overflow list chained through
1536   // the klass word of the object's pre-image.
1537   if (UseCompressedOops && !ParGCUseLocalOverflow) {
1538     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ParGCUseLocalOverflow)) {
1539       warning("Forcing +ParGCUseLocalOverflow: needed if using compressed references");
1540     }
1541     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ParGCUseLocalOverflow, true);
1542   }
1543   assert(ParGCUseLocalOverflow || !UseCompressedOops, "Error");
1544 }
1545 
1546 // Adjust some sizes to suit CMS and/or ParNew needs; these work well on
1547 // sparc/solaris for certain applications, but would gain from
1548 // further optimization and tuning efforts, and would almost
1549 // certainly gain from analysis of platform and environment.
1550 void Arguments::set_cms_and_parnew_gc_flags() {
1551   assert(!UseSerialGC && !UseParallelOldGC && !UseParallelGC, "Error");
1552   assert(UseConcMarkSweepGC, "CMS is expected to be on here");
1553 
1554   // Turn off AdaptiveSizePolicy by default for cms until it is complete.
1555   disable_adaptive_size_policy("UseConcMarkSweepGC");
1556 
1557   set_parnew_gc_flags();
1558 
1559   size_t max_heap = align_size_down(MaxHeapSize,
1560                                     CardTableRS::ct_max_alignment_constraint());
1561 
1562   // Now make adjustments for CMS
1563   intx   tenuring_default = (intx)6;
1564   size_t young_gen_per_worker = CMSYoungGenPerWorker;
1565 
1566   // Preferred young gen size for "short" pauses:
1567   // upper bound depends on # of threads and NewRatio.
1568   const size_t preferred_max_new_size_unaligned =
1569     MIN2(max_heap/(NewRatio+1), ScaleForWordSize(young_gen_per_worker * ParallelGCThreads));
1570   size_t preferred_max_new_size =
1571     align_size_up(preferred_max_new_size_unaligned, os::vm_page_size());
1572 
1573   // Unless explicitly requested otherwise, size young gen
1574   // for "short" pauses ~ CMSYoungGenPerWorker*ParallelGCThreads
1575 
1576   // If either MaxNewSize or NewRatio is set on the command line,
1577   // assume the user is trying to set the size of the young gen.
1578   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxNewSize) && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NewRatio)) {
1579 
1580     // Set MaxNewSize to our calculated preferred_max_new_size unless
1581     // NewSize was set on the command line and it is larger than
1582     // preferred_max_new_size.
1583     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NewSize)) {   // NewSize explicitly set at command-line
1584       FLAG_SET_ERGO(size_t, MaxNewSize, MAX2(NewSize, preferred_max_new_size));
1585     } else {
1586       FLAG_SET_ERGO(size_t, MaxNewSize, preferred_max_new_size);
1587     }
1588     log_trace(gc, heap)("CMS ergo set MaxNewSize: " SIZE_FORMAT, MaxNewSize);
1589 
1590     // Code along this path potentially sets NewSize and OldSize
1591     log_trace(gc, heap)("CMS set min_heap_size: " SIZE_FORMAT " initial_heap_size:  " SIZE_FORMAT " max_heap: " SIZE_FORMAT,
1592                         min_heap_size(), InitialHeapSize, max_heap);
1593     size_t min_new = preferred_max_new_size;
1594     if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(NewSize)) {
1595       min_new = NewSize;
1596     }
1597     if (max_heap > min_new && min_heap_size() > min_new) {
1598       // Unless explicitly requested otherwise, make young gen
1599       // at least min_new, and at most preferred_max_new_size.
1600       if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NewSize)) {
1601         FLAG_SET_ERGO(size_t, NewSize, MAX2(NewSize, min_new));
1602         FLAG_SET_ERGO(size_t, NewSize, MIN2(preferred_max_new_size, NewSize));
1603         log_trace(gc, heap)("CMS ergo set NewSize: " SIZE_FORMAT, NewSize);
1604       }
1605       // Unless explicitly requested otherwise, size old gen
1606       // so it's NewRatio x of NewSize.
1607       if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(OldSize)) {
1608         if (max_heap > NewSize) {
1609           FLAG_SET_ERGO(size_t, OldSize, MIN2(NewRatio*NewSize, max_heap - NewSize));
1610           log_trace(gc, heap)("CMS ergo set OldSize: " SIZE_FORMAT, OldSize);
1611         }
1612       }
1613     }
1614   }
1615   // Unless explicitly requested otherwise, definitely
1616   // promote all objects surviving "tenuring_default" scavenges.
1617   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxTenuringThreshold) &&
1618       FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(SurvivorRatio)) {
1619     FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, MaxTenuringThreshold, tenuring_default);
1620   }
1621   // If we decided above (or user explicitly requested)
1622   // `promote all' (via MaxTenuringThreshold := 0),
1623   // prefer minuscule survivor spaces so as not to waste
1624   // space for (non-existent) survivors
1625   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(SurvivorRatio) && MaxTenuringThreshold == 0) {
1626     FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, SurvivorRatio, MAX2((uintx)1024, SurvivorRatio));
1627   }
1628 
1629   // OldPLABSize is interpreted in CMS as not the size of the PLAB in words,
1630   // but rather the number of free blocks of a given size that are used when
1631   // replenishing the local per-worker free list caches.
1632   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(OldPLABSize)) {
1633     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ResizeOldPLAB) && !ResizeOldPLAB) {
1634       // OldPLAB sizing manually turned off: Use a larger default setting,
1635       // unless it was manually specified. This is because a too-low value
1636       // will slow down scavenges.
1637       FLAG_SET_ERGO(size_t, OldPLABSize, CompactibleFreeListSpaceLAB::_default_static_old_plab_size); // default value before 6631166
1638     } else {
1639       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(OldPLABSize, CompactibleFreeListSpaceLAB::_default_dynamic_old_plab_size); // old CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim default
1640     }
1641   }
1642 
1643   // If either of the static initialization defaults have changed, note this
1644   // modification.
1645   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(OldPLABSize) || !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(OldPLABWeight)) {
1646     CompactibleFreeListSpaceLAB::modify_initialization(OldPLABSize, OldPLABWeight);
1647   }
1648 
1649   log_trace(gc)("MarkStackSize: %uk  MarkStackSizeMax: %uk", (unsigned int) (MarkStackSize / K), (uint) (MarkStackSizeMax / K));
1650 }
1651 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1652 
1653 void set_object_alignment() {
1654   // Object alignment.
1655   assert(is_power_of_2(ObjectAlignmentInBytes), "ObjectAlignmentInBytes must be power of 2");
1656   MinObjAlignmentInBytes     = ObjectAlignmentInBytes;
1657   assert(MinObjAlignmentInBytes >= HeapWordsPerLong * HeapWordSize, "ObjectAlignmentInBytes value is too small");
1658   MinObjAlignment            = MinObjAlignmentInBytes / HeapWordSize;
1659   assert(MinObjAlignmentInBytes == MinObjAlignment * HeapWordSize, "ObjectAlignmentInBytes value is incorrect");
1660   MinObjAlignmentInBytesMask = MinObjAlignmentInBytes - 1;
1661 
1662   LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes  = exact_log2(ObjectAlignmentInBytes);
1663   LogMinObjAlignment         = LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes - LogHeapWordSize;
1664 
1665   // Oop encoding heap max
1666   OopEncodingHeapMax = (uint64_t(max_juint) + 1) << LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes;
1667 
1668   if (SurvivorAlignmentInBytes == 0) {
1669     SurvivorAlignmentInBytes = ObjectAlignmentInBytes;
1670   }
1671 
1672 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1673   // Set CMS global values
1674   CompactibleFreeListSpace::set_cms_values();
1675 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1676 }
1677 
1678 size_t Arguments::max_heap_for_compressed_oops() {
1679   // Avoid sign flip.
1680   assert(OopEncodingHeapMax > (uint64_t)os::vm_page_size(), "Unusual page size");
1681   // We need to fit both the NULL page and the heap into the memory budget, while
1682   // keeping alignment constraints of the heap. To guarantee the latter, as the
1683   // NULL page is located before the heap, we pad the NULL page to the conservative
1684   // maximum alignment that the GC may ever impose upon the heap.
1685   size_t displacement_due_to_null_page = align_size_up_(os::vm_page_size(),
1686                                                         _conservative_max_heap_alignment);
1687 
1688   LP64_ONLY(return OopEncodingHeapMax - displacement_due_to_null_page);
1689   NOT_LP64(ShouldNotReachHere(); return 0);
1690 }
1691 
1692 void Arguments::set_use_compressed_oops() {
1693 #ifndef ZERO
1694 #ifdef _LP64
1695   // MaxHeapSize is not set up properly at this point, but
1696   // the only value that can override MaxHeapSize if we are
1697   // to use UseCompressedOops is InitialHeapSize.
1698   size_t max_heap_size = MAX2(MaxHeapSize, InitialHeapSize);
1699 
1700   if (max_heap_size <= max_heap_for_compressed_oops()) {
1701 #if !defined(COMPILER1) || defined(TIERED)
1702     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseCompressedOops)) {
1703       FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, UseCompressedOops, true);
1704     }
1705 #endif
1706   } else {
1707     if (UseCompressedOops && !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseCompressedOops)) {
1708       warning("Max heap size too large for Compressed Oops");
1709       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedOops, false);
1710       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedClassPointers, false);
1711     }
1712   }
1713 #endif // _LP64
1714 #endif // ZERO
1715 }
1716 
1717 
1718 // NOTE: set_use_compressed_klass_ptrs() must be called after calling
1719 // set_use_compressed_oops().
1720 void Arguments::set_use_compressed_klass_ptrs() {
1721 #ifndef ZERO
1722 #ifdef _LP64
1723   // UseCompressedOops must be on for UseCompressedClassPointers to be on.
1724   if (!UseCompressedOops) {
1725     if (UseCompressedClassPointers) {
1726       warning("UseCompressedClassPointers requires UseCompressedOops");
1727     }
1728     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedClassPointers, false);
1729   } else {
1730     // Turn on UseCompressedClassPointers too
1731     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseCompressedClassPointers)) {
1732       FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, UseCompressedClassPointers, true);
1733     }
1734     // Check the CompressedClassSpaceSize to make sure we use compressed klass ptrs.
1735     if (UseCompressedClassPointers) {
1736       if (CompressedClassSpaceSize > KlassEncodingMetaspaceMax) {
1737         warning("CompressedClassSpaceSize is too large for UseCompressedClassPointers");
1738         FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedClassPointers, false);
1739       }
1740     }
1741   }
1742 #endif // _LP64
1743 #endif // !ZERO
1744 }
1745 
1746 void Arguments::set_conservative_max_heap_alignment() {
1747   // The conservative maximum required alignment for the heap is the maximum of
1748   // the alignments imposed by several sources: any requirements from the heap
1749   // itself, the collector policy and the maximum page size we may run the VM
1750   // with.
1751   size_t heap_alignment = GenCollectedHeap::conservative_max_heap_alignment();
1752 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1753   if (UseParallelGC) {
1754     heap_alignment = ParallelScavengeHeap::conservative_max_heap_alignment();
1755   } else if (UseG1GC) {
1756     heap_alignment = G1CollectedHeap::conservative_max_heap_alignment();
1757   }
1758 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1759   _conservative_max_heap_alignment = MAX4(heap_alignment,
1760                                           (size_t)os::vm_allocation_granularity(),
1761                                           os::max_page_size(),
1762                                           CollectorPolicy::compute_heap_alignment());
1763 }
1764 
1765 bool Arguments::gc_selected() {
1766 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1767   return UseSerialGC || UseParallelGC || UseParallelOldGC || UseConcMarkSweepGC || UseG1GC;
1768 #else
1769   return UseSerialGC;
1770 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1771 }
1772 
1773 #ifdef TIERED
1774 bool Arguments::compilation_mode_selected() {
1775  return !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(TieredCompilation) || !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(TieredStopAtLevel) ||
1776         !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseAOT) JVMCI_ONLY(|| !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(EnableJVMCI) || !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseJVMCICompiler));
1777 
1778 }
1779 
1780 void Arguments::select_compilation_mode_ergonomically() {
1781 #if defined(_WINDOWS) && !defined(_LP64)
1782   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NeverActAsServerClassMachine)) {
1783     FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, NeverActAsServerClassMachine, true);
1784   }
1785 #endif
1786   if (NeverActAsServerClassMachine) {
1787     set_client_compilation_mode();
1788   }
1789 }
1790 #endif //TIERED
1791 
1792 void Arguments::select_gc_ergonomically() {
1793 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1794   if (os::is_server_class_machine()) {
1795     FLAG_SET_ERGO_IF_DEFAULT(bool, UseG1GC, true);
1796   } else {
1797     FLAG_SET_ERGO_IF_DEFAULT(bool, UseSerialGC, true);
1798   }
1799 #else
1800   UNSUPPORTED_OPTION(UseG1GC);
1801   UNSUPPORTED_OPTION(UseParallelGC);
1802   UNSUPPORTED_OPTION(UseParallelOldGC);
1803   UNSUPPORTED_OPTION(UseConcMarkSweepGC);
1804   FLAG_SET_ERGO_IF_DEFAULT(bool, UseSerialGC, true);
1805 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1806 }
1807 
1808 void Arguments::select_gc() {
1809   if (!gc_selected()) {
1810     select_gc_ergonomically();
1811     if (!gc_selected()) {
1812       vm_exit_during_initialization("Garbage collector not selected (default collector explicitly disabled)", NULL);
1813     }
1814   }
1815 }
1816 
1817 #if INCLUDE_JVMCI
1818 void Arguments::set_jvmci_specific_flags() {
1819   if (UseJVMCICompiler) {
1820     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(TypeProfileWidth)) {
1821       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(TypeProfileWidth, 8);
1822     }
1823     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(OnStackReplacePercentage)) {
1824       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(OnStackReplacePercentage, 933);
1825     }
1826     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ReservedCodeCacheSize)) {
1827       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ReservedCodeCacheSize, 64*M);
1828     }
1829     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(InitialCodeCacheSize)) {
1830       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(InitialCodeCacheSize, 16*M);
1831     }
1832     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MetaspaceSize)) {
1833       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MetaspaceSize, 12*M);
1834     }
1835     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NewSizeThreadIncrease)) {
1836       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(NewSizeThreadIncrease, 4*K);
1837     }
1838     if (TieredStopAtLevel != CompLevel_full_optimization) {
1839       // Currently JVMCI compiler can only work at the full optimization level
1840       warning("forcing TieredStopAtLevel to full optimization because JVMCI is enabled");
1841       TieredStopAtLevel = CompLevel_full_optimization;
1842     }
1843     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(TypeProfileLevel)) {
1844       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(TypeProfileLevel, 0);
1845     }
1846   }
1847 }
1848 #endif
1849 
1850 void Arguments::set_ergonomics_flags() {
1851 #ifdef TIERED
1852   if (!compilation_mode_selected()) {
1853     select_compilation_mode_ergonomically();
1854   }
1855 #endif
1856   select_gc();
1857 
1858 #if defined(COMPILER2) || INCLUDE_JVMCI
1859   // Shared spaces work fine with other GCs but causes bytecode rewriting
1860   // to be disabled, which hurts interpreter performance and decreases
1861   // server performance.  When -server is specified, keep the default off
1862   // unless it is asked for.  Future work: either add bytecode rewriting
1863   // at link time, or rewrite bytecodes in non-shared methods.
1864   if (is_server_compilation_mode_vm() && !DumpSharedSpaces && !RequireSharedSpaces &&
1865       (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseSharedSpaces) || !UseSharedSpaces)) {
1866     no_shared_spaces("COMPILER2 default: -Xshare:auto | off, have to manually setup to on.");
1867   }
1868 #endif
1869 
1870   set_conservative_max_heap_alignment();
1871 
1872 #ifndef ZERO
1873 #ifdef _LP64
1874   set_use_compressed_oops();
1875 
1876   // set_use_compressed_klass_ptrs() must be called after calling
1877   // set_use_compressed_oops().
1878   set_use_compressed_klass_ptrs();
1879 
1880   // Also checks that certain machines are slower with compressed oops
1881   // in vm_version initialization code.
1882 #endif // _LP64
1883 #endif // !ZERO
1884 
1885 }
1886 
1887 void Arguments::set_parallel_gc_flags() {
1888   assert(UseParallelGC || UseParallelOldGC, "Error");
1889   // Enable ParallelOld unless it was explicitly disabled (cmd line or rc file).
1890   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseParallelOldGC)) {
1891     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseParallelOldGC, true);
1892   }
1893   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseParallelGC, true);
1894 
1895   // If no heap maximum was requested explicitly, use some reasonable fraction
1896   // of the physical memory, up to a maximum of 1GB.
1897   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads,
1898                    Abstract_VM_Version::parallel_worker_threads());
1899   if (ParallelGCThreads == 0) {
1900     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1901         "The Parallel GC can not be combined with -XX:ParallelGCThreads=0\n");
1902     vm_exit(1);
1903   }
1904 
1905   if (UseAdaptiveSizePolicy) {
1906     // We don't want to limit adaptive heap sizing's freedom to adjust the heap
1907     // unless the user actually sets these flags.
1908     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MinHeapFreeRatio)) {
1909       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MinHeapFreeRatio, 0);
1910     }
1911     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxHeapFreeRatio)) {
1912       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MaxHeapFreeRatio, 100);
1913     }
1914   }
1915 
1916   // If InitialSurvivorRatio or MinSurvivorRatio were not specified, but the
1917   // SurvivorRatio has been set, reset their default values to SurvivorRatio +
1918   // 2.  By doing this we make SurvivorRatio also work for Parallel Scavenger.
1919   // See CR 6362902 for details.
1920   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(SurvivorRatio)) {
1921     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(InitialSurvivorRatio)) {
1922        FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(InitialSurvivorRatio, SurvivorRatio + 2);
1923     }
1924     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MinSurvivorRatio)) {
1925       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MinSurvivorRatio, SurvivorRatio + 2);
1926     }
1927   }
1928 
1929   if (UseParallelOldGC) {
1930     // Par compact uses lower default values since they are treated as
1931     // minimums.  These are different defaults because of the different
1932     // interpretation and are not ergonomically set.
1933     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MarkSweepDeadRatio)) {
1934       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MarkSweepDeadRatio, 1);
1935     }
1936   }
1937 }
1938 
1939 void Arguments::set_g1_gc_flags() {
1940   assert(UseG1GC, "Error");
1941 #if defined(COMPILER1) || INCLUDE_JVMCI
1942   FastTLABRefill = false;
1943 #endif
1944   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads, Abstract_VM_Version::parallel_worker_threads());
1945   if (ParallelGCThreads == 0) {
1946     assert(!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads), "The default value for ParallelGCThreads should not be 0.");
1947     vm_exit_during_initialization("The flag -XX:+UseG1GC can not be combined with -XX:ParallelGCThreads=0", NULL);
1948   }
1949 
1950 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1951   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(G1ConcRefinementThreads)) {
1952     FLAG_SET_ERGO(uint, G1ConcRefinementThreads, ParallelGCThreads);
1953   }
1954 #endif
1955 
1956   // MarkStackSize will be set (if it hasn't been set by the user)
1957   // when concurrent marking is initialized.
1958   // Its value will be based upon the number of parallel marking threads.
1959   // But we do set the maximum mark stack size here.
1960   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MarkStackSizeMax)) {
1961     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MarkStackSizeMax, 128 * TASKQUEUE_SIZE);
1962   }
1963 
1964   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(GCTimeRatio) || GCTimeRatio == 0) {
1965     // In G1, we want the default GC overhead goal to be higher than
1966     // it is for PS, or the heap might be expanded too aggressively.
1967     // We set it here to ~8%.
1968     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(GCTimeRatio, 12);
1969   }
1970 
1971   // Below, we might need to calculate the pause time interval based on
1972   // the pause target. When we do so we are going to give G1 maximum
1973   // flexibility and allow it to do pauses when it needs to. So, we'll
1974   // arrange that the pause interval to be pause time target + 1 to
1975   // ensure that a) the pause time target is maximized with respect to
1976   // the pause interval and b) we maintain the invariant that pause
1977   // time target < pause interval. If the user does not want this
1978   // maximum flexibility, they will have to set the pause interval
1979   // explicitly.
1980 
1981   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxGCPauseMillis)) {
1982     // The default pause time target in G1 is 200ms
1983     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MaxGCPauseMillis, 200);
1984   }
1985 
1986   // Then, if the interval parameter was not set, set it according to
1987   // the pause time target (this will also deal with the case when the
1988   // pause time target is the default value).
1989   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(GCPauseIntervalMillis)) {
1990     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(GCPauseIntervalMillis, MaxGCPauseMillis + 1);
1991   }
1992 
1993   log_trace(gc)("MarkStackSize: %uk  MarkStackSizeMax: %uk", (unsigned int) (MarkStackSize / K), (uint) (MarkStackSizeMax / K));
1994 }
1995 
1996 void Arguments::set_gc_specific_flags() {
1997 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1998   // Set per-collector flags
1999   if (UseParallelGC || UseParallelOldGC) {
2000     set_parallel_gc_flags();
2001   } else if (UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
2002     set_cms_and_parnew_gc_flags();
2003   } else if (UseG1GC) {
2004     set_g1_gc_flags();
2005   }
2006   if (AssumeMP && !UseSerialGC) {
2007     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads) && ParallelGCThreads == 1) {
2008       warning("If the number of processors is expected to increase from one, then"
2009               " you should configure the number of parallel GC threads appropriately"
2010               " using -XX:ParallelGCThreads=N");
2011     }
2012   }
2013   if (MinHeapFreeRatio == 100) {
2014     // Keeping the heap 100% free is hard ;-) so limit it to 99%.
2015     FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, MinHeapFreeRatio, 99);
2016   }
2017 
2018   // If class unloading is disabled, also disable concurrent class unloading.
2019   if (!ClassUnloading) {
2020     FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, CMSClassUnloadingEnabled, false);
2021     FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ClassUnloadingWithConcurrentMark, false);
2022   }
2023 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
2024 }
2025 
2026 julong Arguments::limit_by_allocatable_memory(julong limit) {
2027   julong max_allocatable;
2028   julong result = limit;
2029   if (os::has_allocatable_memory_limit(&max_allocatable)) {
2030     result = MIN2(result, max_allocatable / MaxVirtMemFraction);
2031   }
2032   return result;
2033 }
2034 
2035 // Use static initialization to get the default before parsing
2036 static const size_t DefaultHeapBaseMinAddress = HeapBaseMinAddress;
2037 
2038 void Arguments::set_heap_size() {
2039   julong phys_mem =
2040     FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxRAM) ? MIN2(os::physical_memory(), (julong)MaxRAM)
2041                             : (julong)MaxRAM;
2042 
2043   // Experimental support for CGroup memory limits
2044   if (UseCGroupMemoryLimitForHeap) {
2045     // This is a rough indicator that a CGroup limit may be in force
2046     // for this process
2047     const char* lim_file = "/sys/fs/cgroup/memory/memory.limit_in_bytes";
2048     FILE *fp = fopen(lim_file, "r");
2049     if (fp != NULL) {
2050       julong cgroup_max = 0;
2051       int ret = fscanf(fp, JULONG_FORMAT, &cgroup_max);
2052       if (ret == 1 && cgroup_max > 0) {
2053         // If unlimited, cgroup_max will be a very large, but unspecified
2054         // value, so use initial phys_mem as a limit
2055         log_info(gc, heap)("Setting phys_mem to the min of cgroup limit ("
2056                            JULONG_FORMAT "MB) and initial phys_mem ("
2057                            JULONG_FORMAT "MB)", cgroup_max/M, phys_mem/M);
2058         phys_mem = MIN2(cgroup_max, phys_mem);
2059       } else {
2060         warning("Unable to read/parse cgroup memory limit from %s: %s",
2061                 lim_file, errno != 0 ? strerror(errno) : "unknown error");
2062       }
2063       fclose(fp);
2064     } else {
2065       warning("Unable to open cgroup memory limit file %s (%s)", lim_file, strerror(errno));
2066     }
2067   }
2068 
2069   // If the maximum heap size has not been set with -Xmx,
2070   // then set it as fraction of the size of physical memory,
2071   // respecting the maximum and minimum sizes of the heap.
2072   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxHeapSize)) {
2073     julong reasonable_max = phys_mem / MaxRAMFraction;
2074 
2075     if (phys_mem <= MaxHeapSize * MinRAMFraction) {
2076       // Small physical memory, so use a minimum fraction of it for the heap
2077       reasonable_max = phys_mem / MinRAMFraction;
2078     } else {
2079       // Not-small physical memory, so require a heap at least
2080       // as large as MaxHeapSize
2081       reasonable_max = MAX2(reasonable_max, (julong)MaxHeapSize);
2082     }
2083     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ErgoHeapSizeLimit) && ErgoHeapSizeLimit != 0) {
2084       // Limit the heap size to ErgoHeapSizeLimit
2085       reasonable_max = MIN2(reasonable_max, (julong)ErgoHeapSizeLimit);
2086     }
2087     if (UseCompressedOops) {
2088       // Limit the heap size to the maximum possible when using compressed oops
2089       julong max_coop_heap = (julong)max_heap_for_compressed_oops();
2090 
2091       // HeapBaseMinAddress can be greater than default but not less than.
2092       if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(HeapBaseMinAddress)) {
2093         if (HeapBaseMinAddress < DefaultHeapBaseMinAddress) {
2094           // matches compressed oops printing flags
2095           log_debug(gc, heap, coops)("HeapBaseMinAddress must be at least " SIZE_FORMAT
2096                                      " (" SIZE_FORMAT "G) which is greater than value given " SIZE_FORMAT,
2097                                      DefaultHeapBaseMinAddress,
2098                                      DefaultHeapBaseMinAddress/G,
2099                                      HeapBaseMinAddress);
2100           FLAG_SET_ERGO(size_t, HeapBaseMinAddress, DefaultHeapBaseMinAddress);
2101         }
2102       }
2103 
2104       if (HeapBaseMinAddress + MaxHeapSize < max_coop_heap) {
2105         // Heap should be above HeapBaseMinAddress to get zero based compressed oops
2106         // but it should be not less than default MaxHeapSize.
2107         max_coop_heap -= HeapBaseMinAddress;
2108       }
2109       reasonable_max = MIN2(reasonable_max, max_coop_heap);
2110     }
2111     reasonable_max = limit_by_allocatable_memory(reasonable_max);
2112 
2113     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(InitialHeapSize)) {
2114       // An initial heap size was specified on the command line,
2115       // so be sure that the maximum size is consistent.  Done
2116       // after call to limit_by_allocatable_memory because that
2117       // method might reduce the allocation size.
2118       reasonable_max = MAX2(reasonable_max, (julong)InitialHeapSize);
2119     }
2120 
2121     log_trace(gc, heap)("  Maximum heap size " SIZE_FORMAT, (size_t) reasonable_max);
2122     FLAG_SET_ERGO(size_t, MaxHeapSize, (size_t)reasonable_max);
2123   }
2124 
2125   // If the minimum or initial heap_size have not been set or requested to be set
2126   // ergonomically, set them accordingly.
2127   if (InitialHeapSize == 0 || min_heap_size() == 0) {
2128     julong reasonable_minimum = (julong)(OldSize + NewSize);
2129 
2130     reasonable_minimum = MIN2(reasonable_minimum, (julong)MaxHeapSize);
2131 
2132     reasonable_minimum = limit_by_allocatable_memory(reasonable_minimum);
2133 
2134     if (InitialHeapSize == 0) {
2135       julong reasonable_initial = phys_mem / InitialRAMFraction;
2136 
2137       reasonable_initial = MAX3(reasonable_initial, reasonable_minimum, (julong)min_heap_size());
2138       reasonable_initial = MIN2(reasonable_initial, (julong)MaxHeapSize);
2139 
2140       reasonable_initial = limit_by_allocatable_memory(reasonable_initial);
2141 
2142       log_trace(gc, heap)("  Initial heap size " SIZE_FORMAT, (size_t)reasonable_initial);
2143       FLAG_SET_ERGO(size_t, InitialHeapSize, (size_t)reasonable_initial);
2144     }
2145     // If the minimum heap size has not been set (via -Xms),
2146     // synchronize with InitialHeapSize to avoid errors with the default value.
2147     if (min_heap_size() == 0) {
2148       set_min_heap_size(MIN2((size_t)reasonable_minimum, InitialHeapSize));
2149       log_trace(gc, heap)("  Minimum heap size " SIZE_FORMAT, min_heap_size());
2150     }
2151   }
2152 }
2153 
2154 // This option inspects the machine and attempts to set various
2155 // parameters to be optimal for long-running, memory allocation
2156 // intensive jobs.  It is intended for machines with large
2157 // amounts of cpu and memory.
2158 jint Arguments::set_aggressive_heap_flags() {
2159   // initHeapSize is needed since _initial_heap_size is 4 bytes on a 32 bit
2160   // VM, but we may not be able to represent the total physical memory
2161   // available (like having 8gb of memory on a box but using a 32bit VM).
2162   // Thus, we need to make sure we're using a julong for intermediate
2163   // calculations.
2164   julong initHeapSize;
2165   julong total_memory = os::physical_memory();
2166 
2167   if (total_memory < (julong) 256 * M) {
2168     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2169             "You need at least 256mb of memory to use -XX:+AggressiveHeap\n");
2170     vm_exit(1);
2171   }
2172 
2173   // The heap size is half of available memory, or (at most)
2174   // all of possible memory less 160mb (leaving room for the OS
2175   // when using ISM).  This is the maximum; because adaptive sizing
2176   // is turned on below, the actual space used may be smaller.
2177 
2178   initHeapSize = MIN2(total_memory / (julong) 2,
2179           total_memory - (julong) 160 * M);
2180 
2181   initHeapSize = limit_by_allocatable_memory(initHeapSize);
2182 
2183   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxHeapSize)) {
2184     if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(size_t, MaxHeapSize, initHeapSize) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2185       return JNI_EINVAL;
2186     }
2187     if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(size_t, InitialHeapSize, initHeapSize) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2188       return JNI_EINVAL;
2189     }
2190     // Currently the minimum size and the initial heap sizes are the same.
2191     set_min_heap_size(initHeapSize);
2192   }
2193   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NewSize)) {
2194     // Make the young generation 3/8ths of the total heap.
2195     if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(size_t, NewSize,
2196             ((julong) MaxHeapSize / (julong) 8) * (julong) 3) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2197       return JNI_EINVAL;
2198     }
2199     if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(size_t, MaxNewSize, NewSize) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2200       return JNI_EINVAL;
2201     }
2202   }
2203 
2204 #if !defined(_ALLBSD_SOURCE) && !defined(AIX)  // UseLargePages is not yet supported on BSD and AIX.
2205   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseLargePages, true);
2206 #endif
2207 
2208   // Increase some data structure sizes for efficiency
2209   if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(size_t, BaseFootPrintEstimate, MaxHeapSize) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2210     return JNI_EINVAL;
2211   }
2212   if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ResizeTLAB, false) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2213     return JNI_EINVAL;
2214   }
2215   if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(size_t, TLABSize, 256 * K) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2216     return JNI_EINVAL;
2217   }
2218 
2219   // See the OldPLABSize comment below, but replace 'after promotion'
2220   // with 'after copying'.  YoungPLABSize is the size of the survivor
2221   // space per-gc-thread buffers.  The default is 4kw.
2222   if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(size_t, YoungPLABSize, 256 * K) != Flag::SUCCESS) { // Note: this is in words
2223     return JNI_EINVAL;
2224   }
2225 
2226   // OldPLABSize is the size of the buffers in the old gen that
2227   // UseParallelGC uses to promote live data that doesn't fit in the
2228   // survivor spaces.  At any given time, there's one for each gc thread.
2229   // The default size is 1kw. These buffers are rarely used, since the
2230   // survivor spaces are usually big enough.  For specjbb, however, there
2231   // are occasions when there's lots of live data in the young gen
2232   // and we end up promoting some of it.  We don't have a definite
2233   // explanation for why bumping OldPLABSize helps, but the theory
2234   // is that a bigger PLAB results in retaining something like the
2235   // original allocation order after promotion, which improves mutator
2236   // locality.  A minor effect may be that larger PLABs reduce the
2237   // number of PLAB allocation events during gc.  The value of 8kw
2238   // was arrived at by experimenting with specjbb.
2239   if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(size_t, OldPLABSize, 8 * K) != Flag::SUCCESS) { // Note: this is in words
2240     return JNI_EINVAL;
2241   }
2242 
2243   // Enable parallel GC and adaptive generation sizing
2244   if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseParallelGC, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2245     return JNI_EINVAL;
2246   }
2247 
2248   // Encourage steady state memory management
2249   if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, ThresholdTolerance, 100) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2250     return JNI_EINVAL;
2251   }
2252 
2253   // This appears to improve mutator locality
2254   if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ScavengeBeforeFullGC, false) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2255     return JNI_EINVAL;
2256   }
2257 
2258   // Get around early Solaris scheduling bug
2259   // (affinity vs other jobs on system)
2260   // but disallow DR and offlining (5008695).
2261   if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BindGCTaskThreadsToCPUs, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2262     return JNI_EINVAL;
2263   }
2264 
2265   return JNI_OK;
2266 }
2267 
2268 // This must be called after ergonomics.
2269 void Arguments::set_bytecode_flags() {
2270   if (!RewriteBytecodes) {
2271     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(RewriteFrequentPairs, false);
2272   }
2273 }
2274 
2275 // Aggressive optimization flags  -XX:+AggressiveOpts
2276 jint Arguments::set_aggressive_opts_flags() {
2277 #ifdef COMPILER2
2278   if (AggressiveUnboxing) {
2279     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(EliminateAutoBox)) {
2280       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(EliminateAutoBox, true);
2281     } else if (!EliminateAutoBox) {
2282       // warning("AggressiveUnboxing is disabled because EliminateAutoBox is disabled");
2283       AggressiveUnboxing = false;
2284     }
2285     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(DoEscapeAnalysis)) {
2286       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(DoEscapeAnalysis, true);
2287     } else if (!DoEscapeAnalysis) {
2288       // warning("AggressiveUnboxing is disabled because DoEscapeAnalysis is disabled");
2289       AggressiveUnboxing = false;
2290     }
2291   }
2292   if (AggressiveOpts || !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(AutoBoxCacheMax)) {
2293     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(EliminateAutoBox)) {
2294       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(EliminateAutoBox, true);
2295     }
2296     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(AutoBoxCacheMax)) {
2297       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(AutoBoxCacheMax, 20000);
2298     }
2299 
2300     // Feed the cache size setting into the JDK
2301     char buffer[1024];
2302     jio_snprintf(buffer, 1024, "java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high=" INTX_FORMAT, AutoBoxCacheMax);
2303     if (!add_property(buffer)) {
2304       return JNI_ENOMEM;
2305     }
2306   }
2307   if (AggressiveOpts && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(BiasedLockingStartupDelay)) {
2308     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(BiasedLockingStartupDelay, 500);
2309   }
2310 #endif
2311 
2312   if (AggressiveOpts) {
2313 // Sample flag setting code
2314 //    if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(EliminateZeroing)) {
2315 //      FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(EliminateZeroing, true);
2316 //    }
2317   }
2318 
2319   return JNI_OK;
2320 }
2321 
2322 //===========================================================================================================
2323 // Parsing of java.compiler property
2324 
2325 void Arguments::process_java_compiler_argument(const char* arg) {
2326   // For backwards compatibility, Djava.compiler=NONE or ""
2327   // causes us to switch to -Xint mode UNLESS -Xdebug
2328   // is also specified.
2329   if (strlen(arg) == 0 || strcasecmp(arg, "NONE") == 0) {
2330     set_java_compiler(true);    // "-Djava.compiler[=...]" most recently seen.
2331   }
2332 }
2333 
2334 void Arguments::process_java_launcher_argument(const char* launcher, void* extra_info) {
2335   _sun_java_launcher = os::strdup_check_oom(launcher);
2336 }
2337 
2338 bool Arguments::created_by_java_launcher() {
2339   assert(_sun_java_launcher != NULL, "property must have value");
2340   return strcmp(DEFAULT_JAVA_LAUNCHER, _sun_java_launcher) != 0;
2341 }
2342 
2343 bool Arguments::sun_java_launcher_is_altjvm() {
2344   return _sun_java_launcher_is_altjvm;
2345 }
2346 
2347 //===========================================================================================================
2348 // Parsing of main arguments
2349 
2350 #if INCLUDE_JVMCI
2351 // Check consistency of jvmci vm argument settings.
2352 bool Arguments::check_jvmci_args_consistency() {
2353    return JVMCIGlobals::check_jvmci_flags_are_consistent();
2354 }
2355 #endif //INCLUDE_JVMCI
2356 
2357 // Check consistency of GC selection
2358 bool Arguments::check_gc_consistency() {
2359   // Ensure that the user has not selected conflicting sets
2360   // of collectors.
2361   uint i = 0;
2362   if (UseSerialGC)                       i++;
2363   if (UseConcMarkSweepGC)                i++;
2364   if (UseParallelGC || UseParallelOldGC) i++;
2365   if (UseG1GC)                           i++;
2366   if (i > 1) {
2367     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2368                 "Conflicting collector combinations in option list; "
2369                 "please refer to the release notes for the combinations "
2370                 "allowed\n");
2371     return false;
2372   }
2373 
2374   return true;
2375 }
2376 
2377 // Check the consistency of vm_init_args
2378 bool Arguments::check_vm_args_consistency() {
2379   // Method for adding checks for flag consistency.
2380   // The intent is to warn the user of all possible conflicts,
2381   // before returning an error.
2382   // Note: Needs platform-dependent factoring.
2383   bool status = true;
2384 
2385   if (TLABRefillWasteFraction == 0) {
2386     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2387                 "TLABRefillWasteFraction should be a denominator, "
2388                 "not " SIZE_FORMAT "\n",
2389                 TLABRefillWasteFraction);
2390     status = false;
2391   }
2392 
2393   if (FullGCALot && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MarkSweepAlwaysCompactCount)) {
2394     MarkSweepAlwaysCompactCount = 1;  // Move objects every gc.
2395   }
2396 
2397   if (!(UseParallelGC || UseParallelOldGC) && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ScavengeBeforeFullGC)) {
2398     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ScavengeBeforeFullGC, false);
2399   }
2400 
2401   if (GCTimeLimit == 100) {
2402     // Turn off gc-overhead-limit-exceeded checks
2403     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseGCOverheadLimit, false);
2404   }
2405 
2406   status = status && check_gc_consistency();
2407 
2408   // CMS space iteration, which FLSVerifyAllHeapreferences entails,
2409   // insists that we hold the requisite locks so that the iteration is
2410   // MT-safe. For the verification at start-up and shut-down, we don't
2411   // yet have a good way of acquiring and releasing these locks,
2412   // which are not visible at the CollectedHeap level. We want to
2413   // be able to acquire these locks and then do the iteration rather
2414   // than just disable the lock verification. This will be fixed under
2415   // bug 4788986.
2416   if (UseConcMarkSweepGC && FLSVerifyAllHeapReferences) {
2417     if (VerifyDuringStartup) {
2418       warning("Heap verification at start-up disabled "
2419               "(due to current incompatibility with FLSVerifyAllHeapReferences)");
2420       VerifyDuringStartup = false; // Disable verification at start-up
2421     }
2422 
2423     if (VerifyBeforeExit) {
2424       warning("Heap verification at shutdown disabled "
2425               "(due to current incompatibility with FLSVerifyAllHeapReferences)");
2426       VerifyBeforeExit = false; // Disable verification at shutdown
2427     }
2428   }
2429 
2430   if (PrintNMTStatistics) {
2431 #if INCLUDE_NMT
2432     if (MemTracker::tracking_level() == NMT_off) {
2433 #endif // INCLUDE_NMT
2434       warning("PrintNMTStatistics is disabled, because native memory tracking is not enabled");
2435       PrintNMTStatistics = false;
2436 #if INCLUDE_NMT
2437     }
2438 #endif
2439   }
2440 
2441 #if INCLUDE_JVMCI
2442   status = status && check_jvmci_args_consistency();
2443 
2444   if (EnableJVMCI) {
2445     PropertyList_unique_add(&_system_properties, "jdk.internal.vm.ci.enabled", "true",
2446         AddProperty, UnwriteableProperty, InternalProperty);
2447 
2448     if (!ScavengeRootsInCode) {
2449       warning("forcing ScavengeRootsInCode non-zero because JVMCI is enabled");
2450       ScavengeRootsInCode = 1;
2451     }
2452   }
2453 #endif
2454 
2455   // Check lower bounds of the code cache
2456   // Template Interpreter code is approximately 3X larger in debug builds.
2457   uint min_code_cache_size = CodeCacheMinimumUseSpace DEBUG_ONLY(* 3);
2458   if (InitialCodeCacheSize < (uintx)os::vm_page_size()) {
2459     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2460                 "Invalid InitialCodeCacheSize=%dK. Must be at least %dK.\n", InitialCodeCacheSize/K,
2461                 os::vm_page_size()/K);
2462     status = false;
2463   } else if (ReservedCodeCacheSize < InitialCodeCacheSize) {
2464     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2465                 "Invalid ReservedCodeCacheSize: %dK. Must be at least InitialCodeCacheSize=%dK.\n",
2466                 ReservedCodeCacheSize/K, InitialCodeCacheSize/K);
2467     status = false;
2468   } else if (ReservedCodeCacheSize < min_code_cache_size) {
2469     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2470                 "Invalid ReservedCodeCacheSize=%dK. Must be at least %uK.\n", ReservedCodeCacheSize/K,
2471                 min_code_cache_size/K);
2472     status = false;
2473   } else if (ReservedCodeCacheSize > CODE_CACHE_SIZE_LIMIT) {
2474     // Code cache size larger than CODE_CACHE_SIZE_LIMIT is not supported.
2475     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2476                 "Invalid ReservedCodeCacheSize=%dM. Must be at most %uM.\n", ReservedCodeCacheSize/M,
2477                 CODE_CACHE_SIZE_LIMIT/M);
2478     status = false;
2479   } else if (NonNMethodCodeHeapSize < min_code_cache_size) {
2480     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2481                 "Invalid NonNMethodCodeHeapSize=%dK. Must be at least %uK.\n", NonNMethodCodeHeapSize/K,
2482                 min_code_cache_size/K);
2483     status = false;
2484   }
2485 
2486 #ifdef _LP64
2487   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(CICompilerCount) && !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(CICompilerCountPerCPU) && CICompilerCountPerCPU) {
2488     warning("The VM option CICompilerCountPerCPU overrides CICompilerCount.");
2489   }
2490 #endif
2491 
2492 #ifndef SUPPORT_RESERVED_STACK_AREA
2493   if (StackReservedPages != 0) {
2494     FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(intx, StackReservedPages, 0);
2495     warning("Reserved Stack Area not supported on this platform");
2496   }
2497 #endif
2498 
2499   if (BackgroundCompilation && (CompileTheWorld || ReplayCompiles)) {
2500     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(BackgroundCompilation)) {
2501       warning("BackgroundCompilation disabled due to CompileTheWorld or ReplayCompiles options.");
2502     }
2503     FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BackgroundCompilation, false);
2504   }
2505   if (UseCompiler && is_interpreter_only()) {
2506     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseCompiler)) {
2507       warning("UseCompiler disabled due to -Xint.");
2508     }
2509     FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseCompiler, false);
2510   }
2511 #ifdef COMPILER2
2512   if (PostLoopMultiversioning && !RangeCheckElimination) {
2513     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(PostLoopMultiversioning)) {
2514       warning("PostLoopMultiversioning disabled because RangeCheckElimination is disabled.");
2515     }
2516     FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, PostLoopMultiversioning, false);
2517   }
2518 #endif
2519   return status;
2520 }
2521 
2522 bool Arguments::is_bad_option(const JavaVMOption* option, jboolean ignore,
2523   const char* option_type) {
2524   if (ignore) return false;
2525 
2526   const char* spacer = " ";
2527   if (option_type == NULL) {
2528     option_type = ++spacer; // Set both to the empty string.
2529   }
2530 
2531   if (os::obsolete_option(option)) {
2532     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2533                 "Obsolete %s%soption: %s\n", option_type, spacer,
2534       option->optionString);
2535     return false;
2536   } else {
2537     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2538                 "Unrecognized %s%soption: %s\n", option_type, spacer,
2539       option->optionString);
2540     return true;
2541   }
2542 }
2543 
2544 static const char* user_assertion_options[] = {
2545   "-da", "-ea", "-disableassertions", "-enableassertions", 0
2546 };
2547 
2548 static const char* system_assertion_options[] = {
2549   "-dsa", "-esa", "-disablesystemassertions", "-enablesystemassertions", 0
2550 };
2551 
2552 bool Arguments::parse_uintx(const char* value,
2553                             uintx* uintx_arg,
2554                             uintx min_size) {
2555 
2556   // Check the sign first since atojulong() parses only unsigned values.
2557   bool value_is_positive = !(*value == '-');
2558 
2559   if (value_is_positive) {
2560     julong n;
2561     bool good_return = atojulong(value, &n);
2562     if (good_return) {
2563       bool above_minimum = n >= min_size;
2564       bool value_is_too_large = n > max_uintx;
2565 
2566       if (above_minimum && !value_is_too_large) {
2567         *uintx_arg = n;
2568         return true;
2569       }
2570     }
2571   }
2572   return false;
2573 }
2574 
2575 unsigned int addreads_count = 0;
2576 unsigned int addexports_count = 0;
2577 unsigned int addopens_count = 0;
2578 unsigned int addmods_count = 0;
2579 unsigned int patch_mod_count = 0;
2580 
2581 bool Arguments::create_property(const char* prop_name, const char* prop_value, PropertyInternal internal) {
2582   size_t prop_len = strlen(prop_name) + strlen(prop_value) + 2;
2583   char* property = AllocateHeap(prop_len, mtArguments);
2584   int ret = jio_snprintf(property, prop_len, "%s=%s", prop_name, prop_value);
2585   if (ret < 0 || ret >= (int)prop_len) {
2586     FreeHeap(property);
2587     return false;
2588   }
2589   bool added = add_property(property, UnwriteableProperty, internal);
2590   FreeHeap(property);
2591   return added;
2592 }
2593 
2594 bool Arguments::create_numbered_property(const char* prop_base_name, const char* prop_value, unsigned int count) {
2595   const unsigned int props_count_limit = 1000;
2596   const int max_digits = 3;
2597   const int extra_symbols_count = 3; // includes '.', '=', '\0'
2598 
2599   // Make sure count is < props_count_limit. Otherwise, memory allocation will be too small.
2600   if (count < props_count_limit) {
2601     size_t prop_len = strlen(prop_base_name) + strlen(prop_value) + max_digits + extra_symbols_count;
2602     char* property = AllocateHeap(prop_len, mtArguments);
2603     int ret = jio_snprintf(property, prop_len, "%s.%d=%s", prop_base_name, count, prop_value);
2604     if (ret < 0 || ret >= (int)prop_len) {
2605       FreeHeap(property);
2606       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(), "Failed to create property %s.%d=%s\n", prop_base_name, count, prop_value);
2607       return false;
2608     }
2609     bool added = add_property(property, UnwriteableProperty, InternalProperty);
2610     FreeHeap(property);
2611     return added;
2612   }
2613 
2614   jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(), "Property count limit exceeded: %s, limit=%d\n", prop_base_name, props_count_limit);
2615   return false;
2616 }
2617 
2618 Arguments::ArgsRange Arguments::parse_memory_size(const char* s,
2619                                                   julong* long_arg,
2620                                                   julong min_size) {
2621   if (!atojulong(s, long_arg)) return arg_unreadable;
2622   return check_memory_size(*long_arg, min_size);
2623 }
2624 
2625 // Parse JavaVMInitArgs structure
2626 
2627 jint Arguments::parse_vm_init_args(const JavaVMInitArgs *java_tool_options_args,
2628                                    const JavaVMInitArgs *java_options_args,
2629                                    const JavaVMInitArgs *cmd_line_args) {
2630   bool patch_mod_javabase = false;
2631 
2632   // Save default settings for some mode flags
2633   Arguments::_AlwaysCompileLoopMethods = AlwaysCompileLoopMethods;
2634   Arguments::_UseOnStackReplacement    = UseOnStackReplacement;
2635   Arguments::_ClipInlining             = ClipInlining;
2636   Arguments::_BackgroundCompilation    = BackgroundCompilation;
2637   if (TieredCompilation) {
2638     Arguments::_Tier3InvokeNotifyFreqLog = Tier3InvokeNotifyFreqLog;
2639     Arguments::_Tier4InvocationThreshold = Tier4InvocationThreshold;
2640   }
2641 
2642   // Setup flags for mixed which is the default
2643   set_mode_flags(_mixed);
2644 
2645   // Parse args structure generated from JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS environment
2646   // variable (if present).
2647   jint result = parse_each_vm_init_arg(java_tool_options_args, &patch_mod_javabase, Flag::ENVIRON_VAR);
2648   if (result != JNI_OK) {
2649     return result;
2650   }
2651 
2652   // Parse args structure generated from the command line flags.
2653   result = parse_each_vm_init_arg(cmd_line_args, &patch_mod_javabase, Flag::COMMAND_LINE);
2654   if (result != JNI_OK) {
2655     return result;
2656   }
2657 
2658   // Parse args structure generated from the _JAVA_OPTIONS environment
2659   // variable (if present) (mimics classic VM)
2660   result = parse_each_vm_init_arg(java_options_args, &patch_mod_javabase, Flag::ENVIRON_VAR);
2661   if (result != JNI_OK) {
2662     return result;
2663   }
2664 
2665   // Do final processing now that all arguments have been parsed
2666   result = finalize_vm_init_args();
2667   if (result != JNI_OK) {
2668     return result;
2669   }
2670 
2671 #if INCLUDE_CDS
2672   if (UseSharedSpaces && patch_mod_javabase) {
2673     no_shared_spaces("CDS is disabled when " JAVA_BASE_NAME " module is patched.");
2674   }
2675 #endif
2676 
2677   return JNI_OK;
2678 }
2679 
2680 // Checks if name in command-line argument -agent{lib,path}:name[=options]
2681 // represents a valid JDWP agent.  is_path==true denotes that we
2682 // are dealing with -agentpath (case where name is a path), otherwise with
2683 // -agentlib
2684 bool valid_jdwp_agent(char *name, bool is_path) {
2685   char *_name;
2686   const char *_jdwp = "jdwp";
2687   size_t _len_jdwp, _len_prefix;
2688 
2689   if (is_path) {
2690     if ((_name = strrchr(name, (int) *os::file_separator())) == NULL) {
2691       return false;
2692     }
2693 
2694     _name++;  // skip past last path separator
2695     _len_prefix = strlen(JNI_LIB_PREFIX);
2696 
2697     if (strncmp(_name, JNI_LIB_PREFIX, _len_prefix) != 0) {
2698       return false;
2699     }
2700 
2701     _name += _len_prefix;
2702     _len_jdwp = strlen(_jdwp);
2703 
2704     if (strncmp(_name, _jdwp, _len_jdwp) == 0) {
2705       _name += _len_jdwp;
2706     }
2707     else {
2708       return false;
2709     }
2710 
2711     if (strcmp(_name, JNI_LIB_SUFFIX) != 0) {
2712       return false;
2713     }
2714 
2715     return true;
2716   }
2717 
2718   if (strcmp(name, _jdwp) == 0) {
2719     return true;
2720   }
2721 
2722   return false;
2723 }
2724 
2725 int Arguments::process_patch_mod_option(const char* patch_mod_tail, bool* patch_mod_javabase) {
2726   // --patch-module=<module>=<file>(<pathsep><file>)*
2727   assert(patch_mod_tail != NULL, "Unexpected NULL patch-module value");
2728   // Find the equal sign between the module name and the path specification
2729   const char* module_equal = strchr(patch_mod_tail, '=');
2730   if (module_equal == NULL) {
2731     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(), "Missing '=' in --patch-module specification\n");
2732     return JNI_ERR;
2733   } else {
2734     // Pick out the module name
2735     size_t module_len = module_equal - patch_mod_tail;
2736     char* module_name = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY_RETURN_NULL(char, module_len+1, mtArguments);
2737     if (module_name != NULL) {
2738       memcpy(module_name, patch_mod_tail, module_len);
2739       *(module_name + module_len) = '\0';
2740       // The path piece begins one past the module_equal sign
2741       add_patch_mod_prefix(module_name, module_equal + 1, patch_mod_javabase);
2742       FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, module_name);
2743       if (!create_numbered_property("jdk.module.patch", patch_mod_tail, patch_mod_count++)) {
2744         return JNI_ENOMEM;
2745       }
2746     } else {
2747       return JNI_ENOMEM;
2748     }
2749   }
2750   return JNI_OK;
2751 }
2752 
2753 jint Arguments::parse_each_vm_init_arg(const JavaVMInitArgs* args, bool* patch_mod_javabase, Flag::Flags origin) {
2754   // For match_option to return remaining or value part of option string
2755   const char* tail;
2756 
2757   // iterate over arguments
2758   for (int index = 0; index < args->nOptions; index++) {
2759     bool is_absolute_path = false;  // for -agentpath vs -agentlib
2760 
2761     const JavaVMOption* option = args->options + index;
2762 
2763     if (!match_option(option, "-Djava.class.path", &tail) &&
2764         !match_option(option, "-Dsun.java.command", &tail) &&
2765         !match_option(option, "-Dsun.java.launcher", &tail)) {
2766 
2767         // add all jvm options to the jvm_args string. This string
2768         // is used later to set the java.vm.args PerfData string constant.
2769         // the -Djava.class.path and the -Dsun.java.command options are
2770         // omitted from jvm_args string as each have their own PerfData
2771         // string constant object.
2772         build_jvm_args(option->optionString);
2773     }
2774 
2775     // -verbose:[class/module/gc/jni]
2776     if (match_option(option, "-verbose", &tail)) {
2777       if (!strcmp(tail, ":class") || !strcmp(tail, "")) {
2778         LogConfiguration::configure_stdout(LogLevel::Info, true, LOG_TAGS(class, load));
2779         LogConfiguration::configure_stdout(LogLevel::Info, true, LOG_TAGS(class, unload));
2780       } else if (!strcmp(tail, ":module")) {
2781         LogConfiguration::configure_stdout(LogLevel::Info, true, LOG_TAGS(module, load));
2782         LogConfiguration::configure_stdout(LogLevel::Info, true, LOG_TAGS(module, unload));
2783       } else if (!strcmp(tail, ":gc")) {
2784         LogConfiguration::configure_stdout(LogLevel::Info, true, LOG_TAGS(gc));
2785       } else if (!strcmp(tail, ":jni")) {
2786         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, PrintJNIResolving, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2787           return JNI_EINVAL;
2788         }
2789       }
2790     // -da / -ea / -disableassertions / -enableassertions
2791     // These accept an optional class/package name separated by a colon, e.g.,
2792     // -da:java.lang.Thread.
2793     } else if (match_option(option, user_assertion_options, &tail, true)) {
2794       bool enable = option->optionString[1] == 'e';     // char after '-' is 'e'
2795       if (*tail == '\0') {
2796         JavaAssertions::setUserClassDefault(enable);
2797       } else {
2798         assert(*tail == ':', "bogus match by match_option()");
2799         JavaAssertions::addOption(tail + 1, enable);
2800       }
2801     // -dsa / -esa / -disablesystemassertions / -enablesystemassertions
2802     } else if (match_option(option, system_assertion_options, &tail, false)) {
2803       bool enable = option->optionString[1] == 'e';     // char after '-' is 'e'
2804       JavaAssertions::setSystemClassDefault(enable);
2805     // -bootclasspath:
2806     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xbootclasspath:", &tail)) {
2807         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
2808           "-Xbootclasspath is no longer a supported option.\n");
2809         return JNI_EINVAL;
2810     // -bootclasspath/a:
2811     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xbootclasspath/a:", &tail)) {
2812       Arguments::append_sysclasspath(tail);
2813     // -bootclasspath/p:
2814     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xbootclasspath/p:", &tail)) {
2815         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
2816           "-Xbootclasspath/p is no longer a supported option.\n");
2817         return JNI_EINVAL;
2818     // -Xrun
2819     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xrun", &tail)) {
2820       if (tail != NULL) {
2821         const char* pos = strchr(tail, ':');
2822         size_t len = (pos == NULL) ? strlen(tail) : pos - tail;
2823         char* name = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len + 1, mtArguments);
2824         jio_snprintf(name, len + 1, "%s", tail);
2825 
2826         char *options = NULL;
2827         if(pos != NULL) {
2828           size_t len2 = strlen(pos+1) + 1; // options start after ':'.  Final zero must be copied.
2829           options = (char*)memcpy(NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len2, mtArguments), pos+1, len2);
2830         }
2831 #if !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2832         if (strcmp(name, "jdwp") == 0) {
2833           jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2834             "Debugging agents are not supported in this VM\n");
2835           return JNI_ERR;
2836         }
2837 #endif // !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2838         add_init_library(name, options);
2839       }
2840     } else if (match_option(option, "--add-reads=", &tail)) {
2841       if (!create_numbered_property("jdk.module.addreads", tail, addreads_count++)) {
2842         return JNI_ENOMEM;
2843       }
2844     } else if (match_option(option, "--add-exports=", &tail)) {
2845       if (!create_numbered_property("jdk.module.addexports", tail, addexports_count++)) {
2846         return JNI_ENOMEM;
2847       }
2848     } else if (match_option(option, "--add-opens=", &tail)) {
2849       if (!create_numbered_property("jdk.module.addopens", tail, addopens_count++)) {
2850         return JNI_ENOMEM;
2851       }
2852     } else if (match_option(option, "--add-modules=", &tail)) {
2853       if (!create_numbered_property("jdk.module.addmods", tail, addmods_count++)) {
2854         return JNI_ENOMEM;
2855       }
2856     } else if (match_option(option, "--limit-modules=", &tail)) {
2857       if (!create_property("jdk.module.limitmods", tail, InternalProperty)) {
2858         return JNI_ENOMEM;
2859       }
2860     } else if (match_option(option, "--module-path=", &tail)) {
2861       if (!create_property("jdk.module.path", tail, ExternalProperty)) {
2862         return JNI_ENOMEM;
2863       }
2864     } else if (match_option(option, "--upgrade-module-path=", &tail)) {
2865       if (!create_property("jdk.module.upgrade.path", tail, ExternalProperty)) {
2866         return JNI_ENOMEM;
2867       }
2868     } else if (match_option(option, "--patch-module=", &tail)) {
2869       // --patch-module=<module>=<file>(<pathsep><file>)*
2870       int res = process_patch_mod_option(tail, patch_mod_javabase);
2871       if (res != JNI_OK) {
2872         return res;
2873       }
2874     } else if (match_option(option, "--permit-illegal-access")) {
2875       if (!create_property("jdk.module.permitIllegalAccess", "true", ExternalProperty)) {
2876         return JNI_ENOMEM;
2877       }
2878     // -agentlib and -agentpath
2879     } else if (match_option(option, "-agentlib:", &tail) ||
2880           (is_absolute_path = match_option(option, "-agentpath:", &tail))) {
2881       if(tail != NULL) {
2882         const char* pos = strchr(tail, '=');
2883         size_t len = (pos == NULL) ? strlen(tail) : pos - tail;
2884         char* name = strncpy(NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len + 1, mtArguments), tail, len);
2885         name[len] = '\0';
2886 
2887         char *options = NULL;
2888         if(pos != NULL) {
2889           options = os::strdup_check_oom(pos + 1, mtArguments);
2890         }
2891 #if !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2892         if (valid_jdwp_agent(name, is_absolute_path)) {
2893           jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2894             "Debugging agents are not supported in this VM\n");
2895           return JNI_ERR;
2896         }
2897 #endif // !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2898         add_init_agent(name, options, is_absolute_path);
2899       }
2900     // -javaagent
2901     } else if (match_option(option, "-javaagent:", &tail)) {
2902 #if !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2903       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2904         "Instrumentation agents are not supported in this VM\n");
2905       return JNI_ERR;
2906 #else
2907       if (tail != NULL) {
2908         size_t length = strlen(tail) + 1;
2909         char *options = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, length, mtArguments);
2910         jio_snprintf(options, length, "%s", tail);
2911         add_init_agent("instrument", options, false);
2912         // java agents need module java.instrument
2913         if (!create_numbered_property("jdk.module.addmods", "java.instrument", addmods_count++)) {
2914           return JNI_ENOMEM;
2915         }
2916       }
2917 #endif // !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2918     // -Xnoclassgc
2919     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xnoclassgc")) {
2920       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ClassUnloading, false) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2921         return JNI_EINVAL;
2922       }
2923     // -Xconcgc
2924     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xconcgc")) {
2925       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseConcMarkSweepGC, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2926         return JNI_EINVAL;
2927       }
2928       handle_extra_cms_flags("-Xconcgc uses UseConcMarkSweepGC");
2929     // -Xnoconcgc
2930     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xnoconcgc")) {
2931       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseConcMarkSweepGC, false) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2932         return JNI_EINVAL;
2933       }
2934       handle_extra_cms_flags("-Xnoconcgc uses UseConcMarkSweepGC");
2935     // -Xbatch
2936     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xbatch")) {
2937       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BackgroundCompilation, false) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2938         return JNI_EINVAL;
2939       }
2940     // -Xmn for compatibility with other JVM vendors
2941     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmn", &tail)) {
2942       julong long_initial_young_size = 0;
2943       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_initial_young_size, 1);
2944       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2945         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2946                     "Invalid initial young generation size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2947         describe_range_error(errcode);
2948         return JNI_EINVAL;
2949       }
2950       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(size_t, MaxNewSize, (size_t)long_initial_young_size) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2951         return JNI_EINVAL;
2952       }
2953       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(size_t, NewSize, (size_t)long_initial_young_size) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2954         return JNI_EINVAL;
2955       }
2956     // -Xms
2957     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xms", &tail)) {
2958       julong long_initial_heap_size = 0;
2959       // an initial heap size of 0 means automatically determine
2960       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_initial_heap_size, 0);
2961       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2962         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2963                     "Invalid initial heap size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2964         describe_range_error(errcode);
2965         return JNI_EINVAL;
2966       }
2967       set_min_heap_size((size_t)long_initial_heap_size);
2968       // Currently the minimum size and the initial heap sizes are the same.
2969       // Can be overridden with -XX:InitialHeapSize.
2970       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(size_t, InitialHeapSize, (size_t)long_initial_heap_size) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2971         return JNI_EINVAL;
2972       }
2973     // -Xmx
2974     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmx", &tail) || match_option(option, "-XX:MaxHeapSize=", &tail)) {
2975       julong long_max_heap_size = 0;
2976       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_max_heap_size, 1);
2977       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2978         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2979                     "Invalid maximum heap size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2980         describe_range_error(errcode);
2981         return JNI_EINVAL;
2982       }
2983       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(size_t, MaxHeapSize, (size_t)long_max_heap_size) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2984         return JNI_EINVAL;
2985       }
2986     // Xmaxf
2987     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmaxf", &tail)) {
2988       char* err;
2989       int maxf = (int)(strtod(tail, &err) * 100);
2990       if (*err != '\0' || *tail == '\0') {
2991         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2992                     "Bad max heap free percentage size: %s\n",
2993                     option->optionString);
2994         return JNI_EINVAL;
2995       } else {
2996         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxHeapFreeRatio, maxf) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2997             return JNI_EINVAL;
2998         }
2999       }
3000     // Xminf
3001     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xminf", &tail)) {
3002       char* err;
3003       int minf = (int)(strtod(tail, &err) * 100);
3004       if (*err != '\0' || *tail == '\0') {
3005         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3006                     "Bad min heap free percentage size: %s\n",
3007                     option->optionString);
3008         return JNI_EINVAL;
3009       } else {
3010         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MinHeapFreeRatio, minf) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3011           return JNI_EINVAL;
3012         }
3013       }
3014     // -Xss
3015     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xss", &tail)) {
3016       julong long_ThreadStackSize = 0;
3017       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_ThreadStackSize, 1000);
3018       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
3019         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3020                     "Invalid thread stack size: %s\n", option->optionString);
3021         describe_range_error(errcode);
3022         return JNI_EINVAL;
3023       }
3024       // Internally track ThreadStackSize in units of 1024 bytes.
3025       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(intx, ThreadStackSize,
3026                        round_to((int)long_ThreadStackSize, K) / K) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3027         return JNI_EINVAL;
3028       }
3029     // -Xoss, -Xsqnopause, -Xoptimize, -Xboundthreads, -Xusealtsigs
3030     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xoss", &tail) ||
3031                match_option(option, "-Xsqnopause") ||
3032                match_option(option, "-Xoptimize") ||
3033                match_option(option, "-Xboundthreads") ||
3034                match_option(option, "-Xusealtsigs")) {
3035       // All these options are deprecated in JDK 9 and will be removed in a future release
3036       char version[256];
3037       JDK_Version::jdk(9).to_string(version, sizeof(version));
3038       warning("Ignoring option %s; support was removed in %s", option->optionString, version);
3039     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:CodeCacheExpansionSize=", &tail)) {
3040       julong long_CodeCacheExpansionSize = 0;
3041       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_CodeCacheExpansionSize, os::vm_page_size());
3042       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
3043         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3044                    "Invalid argument: %s. Must be at least %luK.\n", option->optionString,
3045                    os::vm_page_size()/K);
3046         return JNI_EINVAL;
3047       }
3048       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, CodeCacheExpansionSize, (uintx)long_CodeCacheExpansionSize) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3049         return JNI_EINVAL;
3050       }
3051     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmaxjitcodesize", &tail) ||
3052                match_option(option, "-XX:ReservedCodeCacheSize=", &tail)) {
3053       julong long_ReservedCodeCacheSize = 0;
3054 
3055       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_ReservedCodeCacheSize, 1);
3056       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
3057         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3058                     "Invalid maximum code cache size: %s.\n", option->optionString);
3059         return JNI_EINVAL;
3060       }
3061       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, ReservedCodeCacheSize, (uintx)long_ReservedCodeCacheSize) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3062         return JNI_EINVAL;
3063       }
3064       // -XX:NonNMethodCodeHeapSize=
3065     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:NonNMethodCodeHeapSize=", &tail)) {
3066       julong long_NonNMethodCodeHeapSize = 0;
3067 
3068       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_NonNMethodCodeHeapSize, 1);
3069       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
3070         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3071                     "Invalid maximum non-nmethod code heap size: %s.\n", option->optionString);
3072         return JNI_EINVAL;
3073       }
3074       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, NonNMethodCodeHeapSize, (uintx)long_NonNMethodCodeHeapSize) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3075         return JNI_EINVAL;
3076       }
3077       // -XX:ProfiledCodeHeapSize=
3078     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:ProfiledCodeHeapSize=", &tail)) {
3079       julong long_ProfiledCodeHeapSize = 0;
3080 
3081       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_ProfiledCodeHeapSize, 1);
3082       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
3083         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3084                     "Invalid maximum profiled code heap size: %s.\n", option->optionString);
3085         return JNI_EINVAL;
3086       }
3087       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, ProfiledCodeHeapSize, (uintx)long_ProfiledCodeHeapSize) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3088         return JNI_EINVAL;
3089       }
3090       // -XX:NonProfiledCodeHeapSizee=
3091     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:NonProfiledCodeHeapSize=", &tail)) {
3092       julong long_NonProfiledCodeHeapSize = 0;
3093 
3094       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_NonProfiledCodeHeapSize, 1);
3095       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
3096         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3097                     "Invalid maximum non-profiled code heap size: %s.\n", option->optionString);
3098         return JNI_EINVAL;
3099       }
3100       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, NonProfiledCodeHeapSize, (uintx)long_NonProfiledCodeHeapSize) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3101         return JNI_EINVAL;
3102       }
3103     // -green
3104     } else if (match_option(option, "-green")) {
3105       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3106                   "Green threads support not available\n");
3107           return JNI_EINVAL;
3108     // -native
3109     } else if (match_option(option, "-native")) {
3110           // HotSpot always uses native threads, ignore silently for compatibility
3111     // -Xrs
3112     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xrs")) {
3113           // Classic/EVM option, new functionality
3114       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ReduceSignalUsage, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3115         return JNI_EINVAL;
3116       }
3117     // -Xprof
3118     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xprof")) {
3119 #if INCLUDE_FPROF
3120       log_warning(arguments)("Option -Xprof was deprecated in version 9 and will likely be removed in a future release.");
3121       _has_profile = true;
3122 #else // INCLUDE_FPROF
3123       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3124         "Flat profiling is not supported in this VM.\n");
3125       return JNI_ERR;
3126 #endif // INCLUDE_FPROF
3127     // -Xconcurrentio
3128     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xconcurrentio")) {
3129       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseLWPSynchronization, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3130         return JNI_EINVAL;
3131       }
3132       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BackgroundCompilation, false) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3133         return JNI_EINVAL;
3134       }
3135       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(intx, DeferThrSuspendLoopCount, 1) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3136         return JNI_EINVAL;
3137       }
3138       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseTLAB, false) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3139         return JNI_EINVAL;
3140       }
3141       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(size_t, NewSizeThreadIncrease, 16 * K) != Flag::SUCCESS) {  // 20Kb per thread added to new generation
3142         return JNI_EINVAL;
3143       }
3144 
3145       // -Xinternalversion
3146     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xinternalversion")) {
3147       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(), "%s\n",
3148                   VM_Version::internal_vm_info_string());
3149       vm_exit(0);
3150 #ifndef PRODUCT
3151     // -Xprintflags
3152     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xprintflags")) {
3153       CommandLineFlags::printFlags(tty, false);
3154       vm_exit(0);
3155 #endif
3156     // -D
3157     } else if (match_option(option, "-D", &tail)) {
3158       const char* value;
3159       if (match_option(option, "-Djava.endorsed.dirs=", &value) &&
3160             *value!= '\0' && strcmp(value, "\"\"") != 0) {
3161         // abort if -Djava.endorsed.dirs is set
3162         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
3163           "-Djava.endorsed.dirs=%s is not supported. Endorsed standards and standalone APIs\n"
3164           "in modular form will be supported via the concept of upgradeable modules.\n", value);
3165         return JNI_EINVAL;
3166       }
3167       if (match_option(option, "-Djava.ext.dirs=", &value) &&
3168             *value != '\0' && strcmp(value, "\"\"") != 0) {
3169         // abort if -Djava.ext.dirs is set
3170         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
3171           "-Djava.ext.dirs=%s is not supported.  Use -classpath instead.\n", value);
3172         return JNI_EINVAL;
3173       }
3174       // Check for module related properties.  They must be set using the modules
3175       // options. For example: use "--add-modules=java.sql", not
3176       // "-Djdk.module.addmods=java.sql"
3177       if (is_internal_module_property(option->optionString + 2)) {
3178         needs_module_property_warning = true;
3179         continue;
3180       }
3181 
3182       if (!add_property(tail)) {
3183         return JNI_ENOMEM;
3184       }
3185       // Out of the box management support
3186       if (match_option(option, "-Dcom.sun.management", &tail)) {
3187 #if INCLUDE_MANAGEMENT
3188         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ManagementServer, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3189           return JNI_EINVAL;
3190         }
3191         // management agent in module jdk.management.agent
3192         if (!create_numbered_property("jdk.module.addmods", "jdk.management.agent", addmods_count++)) {
3193           return JNI_ENOMEM;
3194         }
3195 #else
3196         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
3197           "-Dcom.sun.management is not supported in this VM.\n");
3198         return JNI_ERR;
3199 #endif
3200       }
3201     // -Xint
3202     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xint")) {
3203           set_mode_flags(_int);
3204     // -Xmixed
3205     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmixed")) {
3206           set_mode_flags(_mixed);
3207     // -Xcomp
3208     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xcomp")) {
3209       // for testing the compiler; turn off all flags that inhibit compilation
3210           set_mode_flags(_comp);
3211     // -Xshare:dump
3212     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xshare:dump")) {
3213       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DumpSharedSpaces, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3214         return JNI_EINVAL;
3215       }
3216       set_mode_flags(_int);     // Prevent compilation, which creates objects
3217     // -Xshare:on
3218     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xshare:on")) {
3219       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseSharedSpaces, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3220         return JNI_EINVAL;
3221       }
3222       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, RequireSharedSpaces, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3223         return JNI_EINVAL;
3224       }
3225     // -Xshare:auto
3226     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xshare:auto")) {
3227       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseSharedSpaces, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3228         return JNI_EINVAL;
3229       }
3230       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, RequireSharedSpaces, false) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3231         return JNI_EINVAL;
3232       }
3233     // -Xshare:off
3234     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xshare:off")) {
3235       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseSharedSpaces, false) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3236         return JNI_EINVAL;
3237       }
3238       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, RequireSharedSpaces, false) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3239         return JNI_EINVAL;
3240       }
3241     // -Xverify
3242     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xverify", &tail)) {
3243       if (strcmp(tail, ":all") == 0 || strcmp(tail, "") == 0) {
3244         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationLocal, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3245           return JNI_EINVAL;
3246         }
3247         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationRemote, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3248           return JNI_EINVAL;
3249         }
3250       } else if (strcmp(tail, ":remote") == 0) {
3251         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationLocal, false) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3252           return JNI_EINVAL;
3253         }
3254         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationRemote, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3255           return JNI_EINVAL;
3256         }
3257       } else if (strcmp(tail, ":none") == 0) {
3258         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationLocal, false) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3259           return JNI_EINVAL;
3260         }
3261         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationRemote, false) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3262           return JNI_EINVAL;
3263         }
3264       } else if (is_bad_option(option, args->ignoreUnrecognized, "verification")) {
3265         return JNI_EINVAL;
3266       }
3267     // -Xdebug
3268     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xdebug")) {
3269       // note this flag has been used, then ignore
3270       set_xdebug_mode(true);
3271     // -Xnoagent
3272     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xnoagent")) {
3273       // For compatibility with classic. HotSpot refuses to load the old style agent.dll.
3274     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xloggc:", &tail)) {
3275       // Deprecated flag to redirect GC output to a file. -Xloggc:<filename>
3276       log_warning(gc)("-Xloggc is deprecated. Will use -Xlog:gc:%s instead.", tail);
3277       _gc_log_filename = os::strdup_check_oom(tail);
3278     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xlog", &tail)) {
3279       bool ret = false;
3280       if (strcmp(tail, ":help") == 0) {
3281         LogConfiguration::print_command_line_help(defaultStream::output_stream());
3282         vm_exit(0);
3283       } else if (strcmp(tail, ":disable") == 0) {
3284         LogConfiguration::disable_logging();
3285         ret = true;
3286       } else if (*tail == '\0') {
3287         ret = LogConfiguration::parse_command_line_arguments();
3288         assert(ret, "-Xlog without arguments should never fail to parse");
3289       } else if (*tail == ':') {
3290         ret = LogConfiguration::parse_command_line_arguments(tail + 1);
3291       }
3292       if (ret == false) {
3293         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3294                     "Invalid -Xlog option '-Xlog%s'\n",
3295                     tail);
3296         return JNI_EINVAL;
3297       }
3298     // JNI hooks
3299     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xcheck", &tail)) {
3300       if (!strcmp(tail, ":jni")) {
3301 #if !INCLUDE_JNI_CHECK
3302         warning("JNI CHECKING is not supported in this VM");
3303 #else
3304         CheckJNICalls = true;
3305 #endif // INCLUDE_JNI_CHECK
3306       } else if (is_bad_option(option, args->ignoreUnrecognized,
3307                                      "check")) {
3308         return JNI_EINVAL;
3309       }
3310     } else if (match_option(option, "vfprintf")) {
3311       _vfprintf_hook = CAST_TO_FN_PTR(vfprintf_hook_t, option->extraInfo);
3312     } else if (match_option(option, "exit")) {
3313       _exit_hook = CAST_TO_FN_PTR(exit_hook_t, option->extraInfo);
3314     } else if (match_option(option, "abort")) {
3315       _abort_hook = CAST_TO_FN_PTR(abort_hook_t, option->extraInfo);
3316     // -XX:+AggressiveHeap
3317     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+AggressiveHeap")) {
3318       jint result = set_aggressive_heap_flags();
3319       if (result != JNI_OK) {
3320           return result;
3321       }
3322     // Need to keep consistency of MaxTenuringThreshold and AlwaysTenure/NeverTenure;
3323     // and the last option wins.
3324     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+NeverTenure")) {
3325       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, NeverTenure, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3326         return JNI_EINVAL;
3327       }
3328       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, AlwaysTenure, false) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3329         return JNI_EINVAL;
3330       }
3331       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxTenuringThreshold, markOopDesc::max_age + 1) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3332         return JNI_EINVAL;
3333       }
3334     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+AlwaysTenure")) {
3335       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, NeverTenure, false) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3336         return JNI_EINVAL;
3337       }
3338       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, AlwaysTenure, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3339         return JNI_EINVAL;
3340       }
3341       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxTenuringThreshold, 0) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3342         return JNI_EINVAL;
3343       }
3344     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:MaxTenuringThreshold=", &tail)) {
3345       uintx max_tenuring_thresh = 0;
3346       if (!parse_uintx(tail, &max_tenuring_thresh, 0)) {
3347         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3348                     "Improperly specified VM option \'MaxTenuringThreshold=%s\'\n", tail);
3349         return JNI_EINVAL;
3350       }
3351 
3352       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxTenuringThreshold, max_tenuring_thresh) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3353         return JNI_EINVAL;
3354       }
3355 
3356       if (MaxTenuringThreshold == 0) {
3357         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, NeverTenure, false) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3358           return JNI_EINVAL;
3359         }
3360         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, AlwaysTenure, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3361           return JNI_EINVAL;
3362         }
3363       } else {
3364         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, NeverTenure, false) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3365           return JNI_EINVAL;
3366         }
3367         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, AlwaysTenure, false) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3368           return JNI_EINVAL;
3369         }
3370       }
3371     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+DisplayVMOutputToStderr")) {
3372       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DisplayVMOutputToStdout, false) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3373         return JNI_EINVAL;
3374       }
3375       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DisplayVMOutputToStderr, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3376         return JNI_EINVAL;
3377       }
3378     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+DisplayVMOutputToStdout")) {
3379       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DisplayVMOutputToStderr, false) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3380         return JNI_EINVAL;
3381       }
3382       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DisplayVMOutputToStdout, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3383         return JNI_EINVAL;
3384       }
3385     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+ExtendedDTraceProbes")) {
3386 #if defined(DTRACE_ENABLED)
3387       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ExtendedDTraceProbes, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3388         return JNI_EINVAL;
3389       }
3390       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DTraceMethodProbes, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3391         return JNI_EINVAL;
3392       }
3393       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DTraceAllocProbes, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3394         return JNI_EINVAL;
3395       }
3396       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DTraceMonitorProbes, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3397         return JNI_EINVAL;
3398       }
3399 #else // defined(DTRACE_ENABLED)
3400       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3401                   "ExtendedDTraceProbes flag is not applicable for this configuration\n");
3402       return JNI_EINVAL;
3403 #endif // defined(DTRACE_ENABLED)
3404 #ifdef ASSERT
3405     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+FullGCALot")) {
3406       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, FullGCALot, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3407         return JNI_EINVAL;
3408       }
3409       // disable scavenge before parallel mark-compact
3410       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ScavengeBeforeFullGC, false) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3411         return JNI_EINVAL;
3412       }
3413 #endif
3414 #if !INCLUDE_MANAGEMENT
3415     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+ManagementServer")) {
3416         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3417           "ManagementServer is not supported in this VM.\n");
3418         return JNI_ERR;
3419 #endif // INCLUDE_MANAGEMENT
3420     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:", &tail)) { // -XX:xxxx
3421       // Skip -XX:Flags= and -XX:VMOptionsFile= since those cases have
3422       // already been handled
3423       if ((strncmp(tail, "Flags=", strlen("Flags=")) != 0) &&
3424           (strncmp(tail, "VMOptionsFile=", strlen("VMOptionsFile=")) != 0)) {
3425         if (!process_argument(tail, args->ignoreUnrecognized, origin)) {
3426           return JNI_EINVAL;
3427         }
3428       }
3429     // Unknown option
3430     } else if (is_bad_option(option, args->ignoreUnrecognized)) {
3431       return JNI_ERR;
3432     }
3433   }
3434 
3435   // PrintSharedArchiveAndExit will turn on
3436   //   -Xshare:on
3437   //   -Xlog:class+path=info
3438   if (PrintSharedArchiveAndExit) {
3439     if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseSharedSpaces, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3440       return JNI_EINVAL;
3441     }
3442     if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, RequireSharedSpaces, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3443       return JNI_EINVAL;
3444     }
3445     LogConfiguration::configure_stdout(LogLevel::Info, true, LOG_TAGS(class, path));
3446   }
3447 
3448   // Change the default value for flags  which have different default values
3449   // when working with older JDKs.
3450 #ifdef LINUX
3451  if (JDK_Version::current().compare_major(6) <= 0 &&
3452       FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseLinuxPosixThreadCPUClocks)) {
3453     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseLinuxPosixThreadCPUClocks, false);
3454   }
3455 #endif // LINUX
3456   fix_appclasspath();
3457   return JNI_OK;
3458 }
3459 
3460 void Arguments::add_patch_mod_prefix(const char* module_name, const char* path, bool* patch_mod_javabase) {
3461   // For java.base check for duplicate --patch-module options being specified on the command line.
3462   // This check is only required for java.base, all other duplicate module specifications
3463   // will be checked during module system initialization.  The module system initialization
3464   // will throw an ExceptionInInitializerError if this situation occurs.
3465   if (strcmp(module_name, JAVA_BASE_NAME) == 0) {
3466     if (*patch_mod_javabase) {
3467       vm_exit_during_initialization("Cannot specify " JAVA_BASE_NAME " more than once to --patch-module");
3468     } else {
3469       *patch_mod_javabase = true;
3470     }
3471   }
3472 
3473   // Create GrowableArray lazily, only if --patch-module has been specified
3474   if (_patch_mod_prefix == NULL) {
3475     _patch_mod_prefix = new (ResourceObj::C_HEAP, mtArguments) GrowableArray<ModulePatchPath*>(10, true);
3476   }
3477 
3478   _patch_mod_prefix->push(new ModulePatchPath(module_name, path));
3479 }
3480 
3481 // Remove all empty paths from the app classpath (if IgnoreEmptyClassPaths is enabled)
3482 //
3483 // This is necessary because some apps like to specify classpath like -cp foo.jar:${XYZ}:bar.jar
3484 // in their start-up scripts. If XYZ is empty, the classpath will look like "-cp foo.jar::bar.jar".
3485 // Java treats such empty paths as if the user specified "-cp foo.jar:.:bar.jar". I.e., an empty
3486 // path is treated as the current directory.
3487 //
3488 // This causes problems with CDS, which requires that all directories specified in the classpath
3489 // must be empty. In most cases, applications do NOT want to load classes from the current
3490 // directory anyway. Adding -XX:+IgnoreEmptyClassPaths will make these applications' start-up
3491 // scripts compatible with CDS.
3492 void Arguments::fix_appclasspath() {
3493   if (IgnoreEmptyClassPaths) {
3494     const char separator = *os::path_separator();
3495     const char* src = _java_class_path->value();
3496 
3497     // skip over all the leading empty paths
3498     while (*src == separator) {
3499       src ++;
3500     }
3501 
3502     char* copy = os::strdup_check_oom(src, mtArguments);
3503 
3504     // trim all trailing empty paths
3505     for (char* tail = copy + strlen(copy) - 1; tail >= copy && *tail == separator; tail--) {
3506       *tail = '\0';
3507     }
3508 
3509     char from[3] = {separator, separator, '\0'};
3510     char to  [2] = {separator, '\0'};
3511     while (StringUtils::replace_no_expand(copy, from, to) > 0) {
3512       // Keep replacing "::" -> ":" until we have no more "::" (non-windows)
3513       // Keep replacing ";;" -> ";" until we have no more ";;" (windows)
3514     }
3515 
3516     _java_class_path->set_writeable_value(copy);
3517     FreeHeap(copy); // a copy was made by set_value, so don't need this anymore
3518   }
3519 }
3520 
3521 static bool has_jar_files(const char* directory) {
3522   DIR* dir = os::opendir(directory);
3523   if (dir == NULL) return false;
3524 
3525   struct dirent *entry;
3526   char *dbuf = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, os::readdir_buf_size(directory), mtArguments);
3527   bool hasJarFile = false;
3528   while (!hasJarFile && (entry = os::readdir(dir, (dirent *) dbuf)) != NULL) {
3529     const char* name = entry->d_name;
3530     const char* ext = name + strlen(name) - 4;
3531     hasJarFile = ext > name && (os::file_name_strcmp(ext, ".jar") == 0);
3532   }
3533   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, dbuf);
3534   os::closedir(dir);
3535   return hasJarFile ;
3536 }
3537 
3538 static int check_non_empty_dirs(const char* path) {
3539   const char separator = *os::path_separator();
3540   const char* const end = path + strlen(path);
3541   int nonEmptyDirs = 0;
3542   while (path < end) {
3543     const char* tmp_end = strchr(path, separator);
3544     if (tmp_end == NULL) {
3545       if (has_jar_files(path)) {
3546         nonEmptyDirs++;
3547         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
3548           "Non-empty directory: %s\n", path);
3549       }
3550       path = end;
3551     } else {
3552       char* dirpath = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, tmp_end - path + 1, mtArguments);
3553       memcpy(dirpath, path, tmp_end - path);
3554       dirpath[tmp_end - path] = '\0';
3555       if (has_jar_files(dirpath)) {
3556         nonEmptyDirs++;
3557         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
3558           "Non-empty directory: %s\n", dirpath);
3559       }
3560       FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, dirpath);
3561       path = tmp_end + 1;
3562     }
3563   }
3564   return nonEmptyDirs;
3565 }
3566 
3567 jint Arguments::finalize_vm_init_args() {
3568   // check if the default lib/endorsed directory exists; if so, error
3569   char path[JVM_MAXPATHLEN];
3570   const char* fileSep = os::file_separator();
3571   jio_snprintf(path, JVM_MAXPATHLEN, "%s%slib%sendorsed", Arguments::get_java_home(), fileSep, fileSep);
3572 
3573   if (CheckEndorsedAndExtDirs) {
3574     int nonEmptyDirs = 0;
3575     // check endorsed directory
3576     nonEmptyDirs += check_non_empty_dirs(path);
3577     // check the extension directories
3578     nonEmptyDirs += check_non_empty_dirs(Arguments::get_ext_dirs());
3579     if (nonEmptyDirs > 0) {
3580       return JNI_ERR;
3581     }
3582   }
3583 
3584   DIR* dir = os::opendir(path);
3585   if (dir != NULL) {
3586     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
3587       "<JAVA_HOME>/lib/endorsed is not supported. Endorsed standards and standalone APIs\n"
3588       "in modular form will be supported via the concept of upgradeable modules.\n");
3589     os::closedir(dir);
3590     return JNI_ERR;
3591   }
3592 
3593   jio_snprintf(path, JVM_MAXPATHLEN, "%s%slib%sext", Arguments::get_java_home(), fileSep, fileSep);
3594   dir = os::opendir(path);
3595   if (dir != NULL) {
3596     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
3597       "<JAVA_HOME>/lib/ext exists, extensions mechanism no longer supported; "
3598       "Use -classpath instead.\n.");
3599     os::closedir(dir);
3600     return JNI_ERR;
3601   }
3602 
3603   // This must be done after all arguments have been processed.
3604   // java_compiler() true means set to "NONE" or empty.
3605   if (java_compiler() && !xdebug_mode()) {
3606     // For backwards compatibility, we switch to interpreted mode if
3607     // -Djava.compiler="NONE" or "" is specified AND "-Xdebug" was
3608     // not specified.
3609     set_mode_flags(_int);
3610   }
3611 
3612   // CompileThresholdScaling == 0.0 is same as -Xint: Disable compilation (enable interpreter-only mode),
3613   // but like -Xint, leave compilation thresholds unaffected.
3614   // With tiered compilation disabled, setting CompileThreshold to 0 disables compilation as well.
3615   if ((CompileThresholdScaling == 0.0) || (!TieredCompilation && CompileThreshold == 0)) {
3616     set_mode_flags(_int);
3617   }
3618 
3619   // eventually fix up InitialTenuringThreshold if only MaxTenuringThreshold is set
3620   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(InitialTenuringThreshold) && (InitialTenuringThreshold > MaxTenuringThreshold)) {
3621     FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, InitialTenuringThreshold, MaxTenuringThreshold);
3622   }
3623 
3624 #if !defined(COMPILER2) && !INCLUDE_JVMCI
3625   // Don't degrade server performance for footprint
3626   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseLargePages) &&
3627       MaxHeapSize < LargePageHeapSizeThreshold) {
3628     // No need for large granularity pages w/small heaps.
3629     // Note that large pages are enabled/disabled for both the
3630     // Java heap and the code cache.
3631     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseLargePages, false);
3632   }
3633 
3634 #elif defined(COMPILER2)
3635   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(OptoLoopAlignment) && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxLoopPad)) {
3636     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MaxLoopPad, OptoLoopAlignment-1);
3637   }
3638 #endif
3639 
3640 #if !defined(COMPILER2) && !INCLUDE_JVMCI
3641   UNSUPPORTED_OPTION(ProfileInterpreter);
3642   NOT_PRODUCT(UNSUPPORTED_OPTION(TraceProfileInterpreter));
3643 #endif
3644 
3645 #ifndef TIERED
3646   // Tiered compilation is undefined.
3647   UNSUPPORTED_OPTION(TieredCompilation);
3648 #endif
3649 
3650 #if INCLUDE_JVMCI
3651   if (EnableJVMCI &&
3652       !create_numbered_property("jdk.module.addmods", "jdk.internal.vm.ci", addmods_count++)) {
3653     return JNI_ENOMEM;
3654   }
3655 #endif
3656 
3657   // If we are running in a headless jre, force java.awt.headless property
3658   // to be true unless the property has already been set.
3659   // Also allow the OS environment variable JAVA_AWT_HEADLESS to set headless state.
3660   if (os::is_headless_jre()) {
3661     const char* headless = Arguments::get_property("java.awt.headless");
3662     if (headless == NULL) {
3663       const char *headless_env = ::getenv("JAVA_AWT_HEADLESS");
3664       if (headless_env == NULL) {
3665         if (!add_property("java.awt.headless=true")) {
3666           return JNI_ENOMEM;
3667         }
3668       } else {
3669         char buffer[256];
3670         jio_snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "java.awt.headless=%s", headless_env);
3671         if (!add_property(buffer)) {
3672           return JNI_ENOMEM;
3673         }
3674       }
3675     }
3676   }
3677 
3678   if (!check_vm_args_consistency()) {
3679     return JNI_ERR;
3680   }
3681 
3682 #if INCLUDE_JVMCI
3683   if (UseJVMCICompiler) {
3684     Compilation_mode = CompMode_server;
3685   }
3686 #endif
3687 
3688   return JNI_OK;
3689 }
3690 
3691 // Helper class for controlling the lifetime of JavaVMInitArgs
3692 // objects.  The contents of the JavaVMInitArgs are guaranteed to be
3693 // deleted on the destruction of the ScopedVMInitArgs object.
3694 class ScopedVMInitArgs : public StackObj {
3695  private:
3696   JavaVMInitArgs _args;
3697   char*          _container_name;
3698   bool           _is_set;
3699   char*          _vm_options_file_arg;
3700 
3701  public:
3702   ScopedVMInitArgs(const char *container_name) {
3703     _args.version = JNI_VERSION_1_2;
3704     _args.nOptions = 0;
3705     _args.options = NULL;
3706     _args.ignoreUnrecognized = false;
3707     _container_name = (char *)container_name;
3708     _is_set = false;
3709     _vm_options_file_arg = NULL;
3710   }
3711 
3712   // Populates the JavaVMInitArgs object represented by this
3713   // ScopedVMInitArgs object with the arguments in options.  The
3714   // allocated memory is deleted by the destructor.  If this method
3715   // returns anything other than JNI_OK, then this object is in a
3716   // partially constructed state, and should be abandoned.
3717   jint set_args(GrowableArray<JavaVMOption>* options) {
3718     _is_set = true;
3719     JavaVMOption* options_arr = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY_RETURN_NULL(
3720         JavaVMOption, options->length(), mtArguments);
3721     if (options_arr == NULL) {
3722       return JNI_ENOMEM;
3723     }
3724     _args.options = options_arr;
3725 
3726     for (int i = 0; i < options->length(); i++) {
3727       options_arr[i] = options->at(i);
3728       options_arr[i].optionString = os::strdup(options_arr[i].optionString);
3729       if (options_arr[i].optionString == NULL) {
3730         // Rely on the destructor to do cleanup.
3731         _args.nOptions = i;
3732         return JNI_ENOMEM;
3733       }
3734     }
3735 
3736     _args.nOptions = options->length();
3737     _args.ignoreUnrecognized = IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions;
3738     return JNI_OK;
3739   }
3740 
3741   JavaVMInitArgs* get()             { return &_args; }
3742   char* container_name()            { return _container_name; }
3743   bool  is_set()                    { return _is_set; }
3744   bool  found_vm_options_file_arg() { return _vm_options_file_arg != NULL; }
3745   char* vm_options_file_arg()       { return _vm_options_file_arg; }
3746 
3747   void set_vm_options_file_arg(const char *vm_options_file_arg) {
3748     if (_vm_options_file_arg != NULL) {
3749       os::free(_vm_options_file_arg);
3750     }
3751     _vm_options_file_arg = os::strdup_check_oom(vm_options_file_arg);
3752   }
3753 
3754   ~ScopedVMInitArgs() {
3755     if (_vm_options_file_arg != NULL) {
3756       os::free(_vm_options_file_arg);
3757     }
3758     if (_args.options == NULL) return;
3759     for (int i = 0; i < _args.nOptions; i++) {
3760       os::free(_args.options[i].optionString);
3761     }
3762     FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(JavaVMOption, _args.options);
3763   }
3764 
3765   // Insert options into this option list, to replace option at
3766   // vm_options_file_pos (-XX:VMOptionsFile)
3767   jint insert(const JavaVMInitArgs* args,
3768               const JavaVMInitArgs* args_to_insert,
3769               const int vm_options_file_pos) {
3770     assert(_args.options == NULL, "shouldn't be set yet");
3771     assert(args_to_insert->nOptions != 0, "there should be args to insert");
3772     assert(vm_options_file_pos != -1, "vm_options_file_pos should be set");
3773 
3774     int length = args->nOptions + args_to_insert->nOptions - 1;
3775     GrowableArray<JavaVMOption> *options = new (ResourceObj::C_HEAP, mtArguments)
3776               GrowableArray<JavaVMOption>(length, true);    // Construct new option array
3777     for (int i = 0; i < args->nOptions; i++) {
3778       if (i == vm_options_file_pos) {
3779         // insert the new options starting at the same place as the
3780         // -XX:VMOptionsFile option
3781         for (int j = 0; j < args_to_insert->nOptions; j++) {
3782           options->push(args_to_insert->options[j]);
3783         }
3784       } else {
3785         options->push(args->options[i]);
3786       }
3787     }
3788     // make into options array
3789     jint result = set_args(options);
3790     delete options;
3791     return result;
3792   }
3793 };
3794 
3795 jint Arguments::parse_java_options_environment_variable(ScopedVMInitArgs* args) {
3796   return parse_options_environment_variable("_JAVA_OPTIONS", args);
3797 }
3798 
3799 jint Arguments::parse_java_tool_options_environment_variable(ScopedVMInitArgs* args) {
3800   return parse_options_environment_variable("JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS", args);
3801 }
3802 
3803 jint Arguments::parse_options_environment_variable(const char* name,
3804                                                    ScopedVMInitArgs* vm_args) {
3805   char *buffer = ::getenv(name);
3806 
3807   // Don't check this environment variable if user has special privileges
3808   // (e.g. unix su command).
3809   if (buffer == NULL || os::have_special_privileges()) {
3810     return JNI_OK;
3811   }
3812 
3813   if ((buffer = os::strdup(buffer)) == NULL) {
3814     return JNI_ENOMEM;
3815   }
3816 
3817   jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3818               "Picked up %s: %s\n", name, buffer);
3819 
3820   int retcode = parse_options_buffer(name, buffer, strlen(buffer), vm_args);
3821 
3822   os::free(buffer);
3823   return retcode;
3824 }
3825 
3826 jint Arguments::parse_vm_options_file(const char* file_name, ScopedVMInitArgs* vm_args) {
3827   // read file into buffer
3828   int fd = ::open(file_name, O_RDONLY);
3829   if (fd < 0) {
3830     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3831                 "Could not open options file '%s'\n",
3832                 file_name);
3833     return JNI_ERR;
3834   }
3835 
3836   struct stat stbuf;
3837   int retcode = os::stat(file_name, &stbuf);
3838   if (retcode != 0) {
3839     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3840                 "Could not stat options file '%s'\n",
3841                 file_name);
3842     os::close(fd);
3843     return JNI_ERR;
3844   }
3845 
3846   if (stbuf.st_size == 0) {
3847     // tell caller there is no option data and that is ok
3848     os::close(fd);
3849     return JNI_OK;
3850   }
3851 
3852   // '+ 1' for NULL termination even with max bytes
3853   size_t bytes_alloc = stbuf.st_size + 1;
3854 
3855   char *buf = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY_RETURN_NULL(char, bytes_alloc, mtArguments);
3856   if (NULL == buf) {
3857     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3858                 "Could not allocate read buffer for options file parse\n");
3859     os::close(fd);
3860     return JNI_ENOMEM;
3861   }
3862 
3863   memset(buf, 0, bytes_alloc);
3864 
3865   // Fill buffer
3866   // Use ::read() instead of os::read because os::read()
3867   // might do a thread state transition
3868   // and it is too early for that here
3869 
3870   ssize_t bytes_read = ::read(fd, (void *)buf, (unsigned)bytes_alloc);
3871   os::close(fd);
3872   if (bytes_read < 0) {
3873     FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, buf);
3874     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3875                 "Could not read options file '%s'\n", file_name);
3876     return JNI_ERR;
3877   }
3878 
3879   if (bytes_read == 0) {
3880     // tell caller there is no option data and that is ok
3881     FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, buf);
3882     return JNI_OK;
3883   }
3884 
3885   retcode = parse_options_buffer(file_name, buf, bytes_read, vm_args);
3886 
3887   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, buf);
3888   return retcode;
3889 }
3890 
3891 jint Arguments::parse_options_buffer(const char* name, char* buffer, const size_t buf_len, ScopedVMInitArgs* vm_args) {
3892   GrowableArray<JavaVMOption> *options = new (ResourceObj::C_HEAP, mtArguments) GrowableArray<JavaVMOption>(2, true);    // Construct option array
3893 
3894   // some pointers to help with parsing
3895   char *buffer_end = buffer + buf_len;
3896   char *opt_hd = buffer;
3897   char *wrt = buffer;
3898   char *rd = buffer;
3899 
3900   // parse all options
3901   while (rd < buffer_end) {
3902     // skip leading white space from the input string
3903     while (rd < buffer_end && isspace(*rd)) {
3904       rd++;
3905     }
3906 
3907     if (rd >= buffer_end) {
3908       break;
3909     }
3910 
3911     // Remember this is where we found the head of the token.
3912     opt_hd = wrt;
3913 
3914     // Tokens are strings of non white space characters separated
3915     // by one or more white spaces.
3916     while (rd < buffer_end && !isspace(*rd)) {
3917       if (*rd == '\'' || *rd == '"') {      // handle a quoted string
3918         int quote = *rd;                    // matching quote to look for
3919         rd++;                               // don't copy open quote
3920         while (rd < buffer_end && *rd != quote) {
3921                                             // include everything (even spaces)
3922                                             // up until the close quote
3923           *wrt++ = *rd++;                   // copy to option string
3924         }
3925 
3926         if (rd < buffer_end) {
3927           rd++;                             // don't copy close quote
3928         } else {
3929                                             // did not see closing quote
3930           jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3931                       "Unmatched quote in %s\n", name);
3932           delete options;
3933           return JNI_ERR;
3934         }
3935       } else {
3936         *wrt++ = *rd++;                     // copy to option string
3937       }
3938     }
3939 
3940     // steal a white space character and set it to NULL
3941     *wrt++ = '\0';
3942     // We now have a complete token
3943 
3944     JavaVMOption option;
3945     option.optionString = opt_hd;
3946     option.extraInfo = NULL;
3947 
3948     options->append(option);                // Fill in option
3949 
3950     rd++;  // Advance to next character
3951   }
3952 
3953   // Fill out JavaVMInitArgs structure.
3954   jint status = vm_args->set_args(options);
3955 
3956   delete options;
3957   return status;
3958 }
3959 
3960 void Arguments::set_shared_spaces_flags() {
3961   if (DumpSharedSpaces) {
3962     if (FailOverToOldVerifier) {
3963       // Don't fall back to the old verifier on verification failure. If a
3964       // class fails verification with the split verifier, it might fail the
3965       // CDS runtime verifier constraint check. In that case, we don't want
3966       // to share the class. We only archive classes that pass the split verifier.
3967       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(FailOverToOldVerifier, false);
3968     }
3969 
3970     if (RequireSharedSpaces) {
3971       warning("Cannot dump shared archive while using shared archive");
3972     }
3973     UseSharedSpaces = false;
3974 #ifdef _LP64
3975     if (!UseCompressedOops || !UseCompressedClassPointers) {
3976       vm_exit_during_initialization(
3977         "Cannot dump shared archive when UseCompressedOops or UseCompressedClassPointers is off.", NULL);
3978     }
3979   } else {
3980     if (!UseCompressedOops || !UseCompressedClassPointers) {
3981       no_shared_spaces("UseCompressedOops and UseCompressedClassPointers must be on for UseSharedSpaces.");
3982     }
3983 #endif
3984   }
3985 }
3986 
3987 // Sharing support
3988 // Construct the path to the archive
3989 static char* get_shared_archive_path() {
3990   char *shared_archive_path;
3991   if (SharedArchiveFile == NULL) {
3992     char jvm_path[JVM_MAXPATHLEN];
3993     os::jvm_path(jvm_path, sizeof(jvm_path));
3994     char *end = strrchr(jvm_path, *os::file_separator());
3995     if (end != NULL) *end = '\0';
3996     size_t jvm_path_len = strlen(jvm_path);
3997     size_t file_sep_len = strlen(os::file_separator());
3998     const size_t len = jvm_path_len + file_sep_len + 20;
3999     shared_archive_path = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len, mtArguments);
4000     if (shared_archive_path != NULL) {
4001       jio_snprintf(shared_archive_path, len, "%s%sclasses.jsa",
4002         jvm_path, os::file_separator());
4003     }
4004   } else {
4005     shared_archive_path = os::strdup_check_oom(SharedArchiveFile, mtArguments);
4006   }
4007   return shared_archive_path;
4008 }
4009 
4010 #ifndef PRODUCT
4011 // Determine whether LogVMOutput should be implicitly turned on.
4012 static bool use_vm_log() {
4013   if (LogCompilation || !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(LogFile) ||
4014       PrintCompilation || PrintInlining || PrintDependencies || PrintNativeNMethods ||
4015       PrintDebugInfo || PrintRelocations || PrintNMethods || PrintExceptionHandlers ||
4016       PrintAssembly || TraceDeoptimization || TraceDependencies ||
4017       (VerifyDependencies && FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(VerifyDependencies))) {
4018     return true;
4019   }
4020 
4021 #ifdef COMPILER1
4022   if (PrintC1Statistics) {
4023     return true;
4024   }
4025 #endif // COMPILER1
4026 
4027 #ifdef COMPILER2
4028   if (PrintOptoAssembly || PrintOptoStatistics) {
4029     return true;
4030   }
4031 #endif // COMPILER2
4032 
4033   return false;
4034 }
4035 
4036 #endif // PRODUCT
4037 
4038 bool Arguments::args_contains_vm_options_file_arg(const JavaVMInitArgs* args) {
4039   for (int index = 0; index < args->nOptions; index++) {
4040     const JavaVMOption* option = args->options + index;
4041     const char* tail;
4042     if (match_option(option, "-XX:VMOptionsFile=", &tail)) {
4043       return true;
4044     }
4045   }
4046   return false;
4047 }
4048 
4049 jint Arguments::insert_vm_options_file(const JavaVMInitArgs* args,
4050                                        const char* vm_options_file,
4051                                        const int vm_options_file_pos,
4052                                        ScopedVMInitArgs* vm_options_file_args,
4053                                        ScopedVMInitArgs* args_out) {
4054   jint code = parse_vm_options_file(vm_options_file, vm_options_file_args);
4055   if (code != JNI_OK) {
4056     return code;
4057   }
4058 
4059   if (vm_options_file_args->get()->nOptions < 1) {
4060     return JNI_OK;
4061   }
4062 
4063   if (args_contains_vm_options_file_arg(vm_options_file_args->get())) {
4064     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
4065                 "A VM options file may not refer to a VM options file. "
4066                 "Specification of '-XX:VMOptionsFile=<file-name>' in the "
4067                 "options file '%s' in options container '%s' is an error.\n",
4068                 vm_options_file_args->vm_options_file_arg(),
4069                 vm_options_file_args->container_name());
4070     return JNI_EINVAL;
4071   }
4072 
4073   return args_out->insert(args, vm_options_file_args->get(),
4074                           vm_options_file_pos);
4075 }
4076 
4077 // Expand -XX:VMOptionsFile found in args_in as needed.
4078 // mod_args and args_out parameters may return values as needed.
4079 jint Arguments::expand_vm_options_as_needed(const JavaVMInitArgs* args_in,
4080                                             ScopedVMInitArgs* mod_args,
4081                                             JavaVMInitArgs** args_out) {
4082   jint code = match_special_option_and_act(args_in, mod_args);
4083   if (code != JNI_OK) {
4084     return code;
4085   }
4086 
4087   if (mod_args->is_set()) {
4088     // args_in contains -XX:VMOptionsFile and mod_args contains the
4089     // original options from args_in along with the options expanded
4090     // from the VMOptionsFile. Return a short-hand to the caller.
4091     *args_out = mod_args->get();
4092   } else {
4093     *args_out = (JavaVMInitArgs *)args_in;  // no changes so use args_in
4094   }
4095   return JNI_OK;
4096 }
4097 
4098 jint Arguments::match_special_option_and_act(const JavaVMInitArgs* args,
4099                                              ScopedVMInitArgs* args_out) {
4100   // Remaining part of option string
4101   const char* tail;
4102   ScopedVMInitArgs vm_options_file_args(args_out->container_name());
4103 
4104   for (int index = 0; index < args->nOptions; index++) {
4105     const JavaVMOption* option = args->options + index;
4106     if (ArgumentsExt::process_options(option)) {
4107       continue;
4108     }
4109     if (match_option(option, "-XX:Flags=", &tail)) {
4110       Arguments::set_jvm_flags_file(tail);
4111       continue;
4112     }
4113     if (match_option(option, "-XX:VMOptionsFile=", &tail)) {
4114       if (vm_options_file_args.found_vm_options_file_arg()) {
4115         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
4116                     "The option '%s' is already specified in the options "
4117                     "container '%s' so the specification of '%s' in the "
4118                     "same options container is an error.\n",
4119                     vm_options_file_args.vm_options_file_arg(),
4120                     vm_options_file_args.container_name(),
4121                     option->optionString);
4122         return JNI_EINVAL;
4123       }
4124       vm_options_file_args.set_vm_options_file_arg(option->optionString);
4125       // If there's a VMOptionsFile, parse that
4126       jint code = insert_vm_options_file(args, tail, index,
4127                                          &vm_options_file_args, args_out);
4128       if (code != JNI_OK) {
4129         return code;
4130       }
4131       args_out->set_vm_options_file_arg(vm_options_file_args.vm_options_file_arg());
4132       if (args_out->is_set()) {
4133         // The VMOptions file inserted some options so switch 'args'
4134         // to the new set of options, and continue processing which
4135         // preserves "last option wins" semantics.
4136         args = args_out->get();
4137         // The first option from the VMOptionsFile replaces the
4138         // current option.  So we back track to process the
4139         // replacement option.
4140         index--;
4141       }
4142       continue;
4143     }
4144     if (match_option(option, "-XX:+PrintVMOptions")) {
4145       PrintVMOptions = true;
4146       continue;
4147     }
4148     if (match_option(option, "-XX:-PrintVMOptions")) {
4149       PrintVMOptions = false;
4150       continue;
4151     }
4152     if (match_option(option, "-XX:+IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions")) {
4153       IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions = true;
4154       continue;
4155     }
4156     if (match_option(option, "-XX:-IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions")) {
4157       IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions = false;
4158       continue;
4159     }
4160     if (match_option(option, "-XX:+PrintFlagsInitial")) {
4161       CommandLineFlags::printFlags(tty, false);
4162       vm_exit(0);
4163     }
4164     if (match_option(option, "-XX:NativeMemoryTracking", &tail)) {
4165 #if INCLUDE_NMT
4166       // The launcher did not setup nmt environment variable properly.
4167       if (!MemTracker::check_launcher_nmt_support(tail)) {
4168         warning("Native Memory Tracking did not setup properly, using wrong launcher?");
4169       }
4170 
4171       // Verify if nmt option is valid.
4172       if (MemTracker::verify_nmt_option()) {
4173         // Late initialization, still in single-threaded mode.
4174         if (MemTracker::tracking_level() >= NMT_summary) {
4175           MemTracker::init();
4176         }
4177       } else {
4178         vm_exit_during_initialization("Syntax error, expecting -XX:NativeMemoryTracking=[off|summary|detail]", NULL);
4179       }
4180       continue;
4181 #else
4182       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
4183         "Native Memory Tracking is not supported in this VM\n");
4184       return JNI_ERR;
4185 #endif
4186     }
4187 
4188 #ifndef PRODUCT
4189     if (match_option(option, "-XX:+PrintFlagsWithComments")) {
4190       CommandLineFlags::printFlags(tty, true);
4191       vm_exit(0);
4192     }
4193 #endif
4194   }
4195   return JNI_OK;
4196 }
4197 
4198 static void print_options(const JavaVMInitArgs *args) {
4199   const char* tail;
4200   for (int index = 0; index < args->nOptions; index++) {
4201     const JavaVMOption *option = args->options + index;
4202     if (match_option(option, "-XX:", &tail)) {
4203       logOption(tail);
4204     }
4205   }
4206 }
4207 
4208 bool Arguments::handle_deprecated_print_gc_flags() {
4209   if (PrintGC) {
4210     log_warning(gc)("-XX:+PrintGC is deprecated. Will use -Xlog:gc instead.");
4211   }
4212   if (PrintGCDetails) {
4213     log_warning(gc)("-XX:+PrintGCDetails is deprecated. Will use -Xlog:gc* instead.");
4214   }
4215 
4216   if (_gc_log_filename != NULL) {
4217     // -Xloggc was used to specify a filename
4218     const char* gc_conf = PrintGCDetails ? "gc*" : "gc";
4219 
4220     LogTarget(Error, logging) target;
4221     LogStreamCHeap errstream(target);
4222     return LogConfiguration::parse_log_arguments(_gc_log_filename, gc_conf, NULL, NULL, &errstream);
4223   } else if (PrintGC || PrintGCDetails) {
4224     LogConfiguration::configure_stdout(LogLevel::Info, !PrintGCDetails, LOG_TAGS(gc));
4225   }
4226   return true;
4227 }
4228 
4229 void Arguments::handle_extra_cms_flags(const char* msg) {
4230   SpecialFlag flag;
4231   const char *flag_name = "UseConcMarkSweepGC";
4232   if (lookup_special_flag(flag_name, flag)) {
4233     handle_aliases_and_deprecation(flag_name, /* print warning */ true);
4234     warning("%s", msg);
4235   }
4236 }
4237 
4238 // Parse entry point called from JNI_CreateJavaVM
4239 
4240 jint Arguments::parse(const JavaVMInitArgs* initial_cmd_args) {
4241   assert(verify_special_jvm_flags(), "deprecated and obsolete flag table inconsistent");
4242 
4243   // Initialize ranges, constraints and writeables
4244   CommandLineFlagRangeList::init();
4245   CommandLineFlagConstraintList::init();
4246   CommandLineFlagWriteableList::init();
4247 
4248   // If flag "-XX:Flags=flags-file" is used it will be the first option to be processed.
4249   const char* hotspotrc = ".hotspotrc";
4250   bool settings_file_specified = false;
4251   bool needs_hotspotrc_warning = false;
4252   ScopedVMInitArgs initial_java_tool_options_args("env_var='JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS'");
4253   ScopedVMInitArgs initial_java_options_args("env_var='_JAVA_OPTIONS'");
4254 
4255   // Pointers to current working set of containers
4256   JavaVMInitArgs* cur_cmd_args;
4257   JavaVMInitArgs* cur_java_options_args;
4258   JavaVMInitArgs* cur_java_tool_options_args;
4259 
4260   // Containers for modified/expanded options
4261   ScopedVMInitArgs mod_cmd_args("cmd_line_args");
4262   ScopedVMInitArgs mod_java_tool_options_args("env_var='JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS'");
4263   ScopedVMInitArgs mod_java_options_args("env_var='_JAVA_OPTIONS'");
4264 
4265 
4266   jint code =
4267       parse_java_tool_options_environment_variable(&initial_java_tool_options_args);
4268   if (code != JNI_OK) {
4269     return code;
4270   }
4271 
4272   code = parse_java_options_environment_variable(&initial_java_options_args);
4273   if (code != JNI_OK) {
4274     return code;
4275   }
4276 
4277   code = expand_vm_options_as_needed(initial_java_tool_options_args.get(),
4278                                      &mod_java_tool_options_args,
4279                                      &cur_java_tool_options_args);
4280   if (code != JNI_OK) {
4281     return code;
4282   }
4283 
4284   code = expand_vm_options_as_needed(initial_cmd_args,
4285                                      &mod_cmd_args,
4286                                      &cur_cmd_args);
4287   if (code != JNI_OK) {
4288     return code;
4289   }
4290 
4291   code = expand_vm_options_as_needed(initial_java_options_args.get(),
4292                                      &mod_java_options_args,
4293                                      &cur_java_options_args);
4294   if (code != JNI_OK) {
4295     return code;
4296   }
4297 
4298   const char* flags_file = Arguments::get_jvm_flags_file();
4299   settings_file_specified = (flags_file != NULL);
4300 
4301   if (IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions) {
4302     cur_cmd_args->ignoreUnrecognized = true;
4303     cur_java_tool_options_args->ignoreUnrecognized = true;
4304     cur_java_options_args->ignoreUnrecognized = true;
4305   }
4306 
4307   // Parse specified settings file
4308   if (settings_file_specified) {
4309     if (!process_settings_file(flags_file, true,
4310                                cur_cmd_args->ignoreUnrecognized)) {
4311       return JNI_EINVAL;
4312     }
4313   } else {
4314 #ifdef ASSERT
4315     // Parse default .hotspotrc settings file
4316     if (!process_settings_file(".hotspotrc", false,
4317                                cur_cmd_args->ignoreUnrecognized)) {
4318       return JNI_EINVAL;
4319     }
4320 #else
4321     struct stat buf;
4322     if (os::stat(hotspotrc, &buf) == 0) {
4323       needs_hotspotrc_warning = true;
4324     }
4325 #endif
4326   }
4327 
4328   if (PrintVMOptions) {
4329     print_options(cur_java_tool_options_args);
4330     print_options(cur_cmd_args);
4331     print_options(cur_java_options_args);
4332   }
4333 
4334   // Parse JavaVMInitArgs structure passed in, as well as JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS and _JAVA_OPTIONS
4335   jint result = parse_vm_init_args(cur_java_tool_options_args,
4336                                    cur_java_options_args,
4337                                    cur_cmd_args);
4338 
4339   if (result != JNI_OK) {
4340     return result;
4341   }
4342 
4343   // Call get_shared_archive_path() here, after possible SharedArchiveFile option got parsed.
4344   SharedArchivePath = get_shared_archive_path();
4345   if (SharedArchivePath == NULL) {
4346     return JNI_ENOMEM;
4347   }
4348 
4349   // Set up VerifySharedSpaces
4350   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(VerifySharedSpaces) && SharedArchiveFile != NULL) {
4351     VerifySharedSpaces = true;
4352   }
4353 
4354   // Delay warning until here so that we've had a chance to process
4355   // the -XX:-PrintWarnings flag
4356   if (needs_hotspotrc_warning) {
4357     warning("%s file is present but has been ignored.  "
4358             "Run with -XX:Flags=%s to load the file.",
4359             hotspotrc, hotspotrc);
4360   }
4361 
4362   if (needs_module_property_warning) {
4363     warning("Ignoring system property options whose names match the '-Djdk.module.*'."
4364             " names that are reserved for internal use.");
4365   }
4366 
4367 #if defined(_ALLBSD_SOURCE) || defined(AIX)  // UseLargePages is not yet supported on BSD and AIX.
4368   UNSUPPORTED_OPTION(UseLargePages);
4369 #endif
4370 
4371   ArgumentsExt::report_unsupported_options();
4372 
4373 #ifndef PRODUCT
4374   if (TraceBytecodesAt != 0) {
4375     TraceBytecodes = true;
4376   }
4377   if (CountCompiledCalls) {
4378     if (UseCounterDecay) {
4379       warning("UseCounterDecay disabled because CountCalls is set");
4380       UseCounterDecay = false;
4381     }
4382   }
4383 #endif // PRODUCT
4384 
4385   if (ScavengeRootsInCode == 0) {
4386     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ScavengeRootsInCode)) {
4387       warning("Forcing ScavengeRootsInCode non-zero");
4388     }
4389     ScavengeRootsInCode = 1;
4390   }
4391 
4392   if (!handle_deprecated_print_gc_flags()) {
4393     return JNI_EINVAL;
4394   }
4395 
4396   // Set object alignment values.
4397   set_object_alignment();
4398 
4399 #if !INCLUDE_CDS
4400   if (DumpSharedSpaces || RequireSharedSpaces) {
4401     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
4402       "Shared spaces are not supported in this VM\n");
4403     return JNI_ERR;
4404   }
4405   if ((UseSharedSpaces && FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(UseSharedSpaces)) ||
4406       log_is_enabled(Info, cds)) {
4407     warning("Shared spaces are not supported in this VM");
4408     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseSharedSpaces, false);
4409     LogConfiguration::configure_stdout(LogLevel::Off, true, LOG_TAGS(cds));
4410   }
4411   no_shared_spaces("CDS Disabled");
4412 #endif // INCLUDE_CDS
4413 
4414   return JNI_OK;
4415 }
4416 
4417 jint Arguments::apply_ergo() {
4418   // Set flags based on ergonomics.
4419   set_ergonomics_flags();
4420 
4421 #if INCLUDE_JVMCI
4422   set_jvmci_specific_flags();
4423 #endif
4424 
4425   set_shared_spaces_flags();
4426 
4427   // Check the GC selections again.
4428   if (!check_gc_consistency()) {
4429     return JNI_EINVAL;
4430   }
4431 
4432   if (TieredCompilation) {
4433     set_tiered_flags();
4434   } else {
4435     int max_compilation_policy_choice = 1;
4436 #ifdef COMPILER2
4437     if (is_server_compilation_mode_vm()) {
4438       max_compilation_policy_choice = 2;
4439     }
4440 #endif
4441     // Check if the policy is valid.
4442     if (CompilationPolicyChoice >= max_compilation_policy_choice) {
4443       vm_exit_during_initialization(
4444         "Incompatible compilation policy selected", NULL);
4445     }
4446     // Scale CompileThreshold
4447     // CompileThresholdScaling == 0.0 is equivalent to -Xint and leaves CompileThreshold unchanged.
4448     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(CompileThresholdScaling) && CompileThresholdScaling > 0.0) {
4449       FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, CompileThreshold, scaled_compile_threshold(CompileThreshold));
4450     }
4451   }
4452 
4453 #ifdef COMPILER2
4454 #ifndef PRODUCT
4455   if (PrintIdealGraphLevel > 0) {
4456     FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, PrintIdealGraph, true);
4457   }
4458 #endif
4459 #endif
4460 
4461   // Set heap size based on available physical memory
4462   set_heap_size();
4463 
4464   ArgumentsExt::set_gc_specific_flags();
4465 
4466   // Initialize Metaspace flags and alignments
4467   Metaspace::ergo_initialize();
4468 
4469   // Set bytecode rewriting flags
4470   set_bytecode_flags();
4471 
4472   // Set flags if Aggressive optimization flags (-XX:+AggressiveOpts) enabled
4473   jint code = set_aggressive_opts_flags();
4474   if (code != JNI_OK) {
4475     return code;
4476   }
4477 
4478   // Turn off biased locking for locking debug mode flags,
4479   // which are subtly different from each other but neither works with
4480   // biased locking
4481   if (UseHeavyMonitors
4482 #ifdef COMPILER1
4483       || !UseFastLocking
4484 #endif // COMPILER1
4485 #if INCLUDE_JVMCI
4486       || !JVMCIUseFastLocking
4487 #endif
4488     ) {
4489     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseBiasedLocking) && UseBiasedLocking) {
4490       // flag set to true on command line; warn the user that they
4491       // can't enable biased locking here
4492       warning("Biased Locking is not supported with locking debug flags"
4493               "; ignoring UseBiasedLocking flag." );
4494     }
4495     UseBiasedLocking = false;
4496   }
4497 
4498 #ifdef CC_INTERP
4499   // Clear flags not supported on zero.
4500   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ProfileInterpreter, false);
4501   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseBiasedLocking, false);
4502   LP64_ONLY(FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedOops, false));
4503   LP64_ONLY(FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedClassPointers, false));
4504 #endif // CC_INTERP
4505 
4506 #ifdef COMPILER2
4507   if (!EliminateLocks) {
4508     EliminateNestedLocks = false;
4509   }
4510   if (!Inline) {
4511     IncrementalInline = false;
4512   }
4513 #ifndef PRODUCT
4514   if (!IncrementalInline) {
4515     AlwaysIncrementalInline = false;
4516   }
4517 #endif
4518   if (!UseTypeSpeculation && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(TypeProfileLevel)) {
4519     // nothing to use the profiling, turn if off
4520     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(TypeProfileLevel, 0);
4521   }
4522 #endif
4523 
4524   if (PrintAssembly && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(DebugNonSafepoints)) {
4525     warning("PrintAssembly is enabled; turning on DebugNonSafepoints to gain additional output");
4526     DebugNonSafepoints = true;
4527   }
4528 
4529   if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(CompressedClassSpaceSize) && !UseCompressedClassPointers) {
4530     warning("Setting CompressedClassSpaceSize has no effect when compressed class pointers are not used");
4531   }
4532 
4533   if (UseOnStackReplacement && !UseLoopCounter) {
4534     warning("On-stack-replacement requires loop counters; enabling loop counters");
4535     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseLoopCounter, true);
4536   }
4537 
4538 #ifndef PRODUCT
4539   if (!LogVMOutput && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(LogVMOutput)) {
4540     if (use_vm_log()) {
4541       LogVMOutput = true;
4542     }
4543   }
4544 #endif // PRODUCT
4545 
4546   if (PrintCommandLineFlags) {
4547     CommandLineFlags::printSetFlags(tty);
4548   }
4549 
4550   // Apply CPU specific policy for the BiasedLocking
4551   if (UseBiasedLocking) {
4552     if (!VM_Version::use_biased_locking() &&
4553         !(FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(UseBiasedLocking))) {
4554       UseBiasedLocking = false;
4555     }
4556   }
4557 #ifdef COMPILER2
4558   if (!UseBiasedLocking || EmitSync != 0) {
4559     UseOptoBiasInlining = false;
4560   }
4561 #endif
4562 
4563   return JNI_OK;
4564 }
4565 
4566 jint Arguments::adjust_after_os() {
4567   if (UseNUMA) {
4568     if (UseParallelGC || UseParallelOldGC) {
4569       if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MinHeapDeltaBytes)) {
4570          FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MinHeapDeltaBytes, 64*M);
4571       }
4572     }
4573     // UseNUMAInterleaving is set to ON for all collectors and
4574     // platforms when UseNUMA is set to ON. NUMA-aware collectors
4575     // such as the parallel collector for Linux and Solaris will
4576     // interleave old gen and survivor spaces on top of NUMA
4577     // allocation policy for the eden space.
4578     // Non NUMA-aware collectors such as CMS, G1 and Serial-GC on
4579     // all platforms and ParallelGC on Windows will interleave all
4580     // of the heap spaces across NUMA nodes.
4581     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseNUMAInterleaving)) {
4582       FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, UseNUMAInterleaving, true);
4583     }
4584   }
4585   return JNI_OK;
4586 }
4587 
4588 int Arguments::PropertyList_count(SystemProperty* pl) {
4589   int count = 0;
4590   while(pl != NULL) {
4591     count++;
4592     pl = pl->next();
4593   }
4594   return count;
4595 }
4596 
4597 // Return the number of readable properties.
4598 int Arguments::PropertyList_readable_count(SystemProperty* pl) {
4599   int count = 0;
4600   while(pl != NULL) {
4601     if (pl->is_readable()) {
4602       count++;
4603     }
4604     pl = pl->next();
4605   }
4606   return count;
4607 }
4608 
4609 const char* Arguments::PropertyList_get_value(SystemProperty *pl, const char* key) {
4610   assert(key != NULL, "just checking");
4611   SystemProperty* prop;
4612   for (prop = pl; prop != NULL; prop = prop->next()) {
4613     if (strcmp(key, prop->key()) == 0) return prop->value();
4614   }
4615   return NULL;
4616 }
4617 
4618 // Return the value of the requested property provided that it is a readable property.
4619 const char* Arguments::PropertyList_get_readable_value(SystemProperty *pl, const char* key) {
4620   assert(key != NULL, "just checking");
4621   SystemProperty* prop;
4622   // Return the property value if the keys match and the property is not internal or
4623   // it's the special internal property "jdk.boot.class.path.append".
4624   for (prop = pl; prop != NULL; prop = prop->next()) {
4625     if (strcmp(key, prop->key()) == 0) {
4626       if (!prop->internal()) {
4627         return prop->value();
4628       } else if (strcmp(key, "jdk.boot.class.path.append") == 0) {
4629         return prop->value();
4630       } else {
4631         // Property is internal and not jdk.boot.class.path.append so return NULL.
4632         return NULL;
4633       }
4634     }
4635   }
4636   return NULL;
4637 }
4638 
4639 const char* Arguments::PropertyList_get_key_at(SystemProperty *pl, int index) {
4640   int count = 0;
4641   const char* ret_val = NULL;
4642 
4643   while(pl != NULL) {
4644     if(count >= index) {
4645       ret_val = pl->key();
4646       break;
4647     }
4648     count++;
4649     pl = pl->next();
4650   }
4651 
4652   return ret_val;
4653 }
4654 
4655 char* Arguments::PropertyList_get_value_at(SystemProperty* pl, int index) {
4656   int count = 0;
4657   char* ret_val = NULL;
4658 
4659   while(pl != NULL) {
4660     if(count >= index) {
4661       ret_val = pl->value();
4662       break;
4663     }
4664     count++;
4665     pl = pl->next();
4666   }
4667 
4668   return ret_val;
4669 }
4670 
4671 void Arguments::PropertyList_add(SystemProperty** plist, SystemProperty *new_p) {
4672   SystemProperty* p = *plist;
4673   if (p == NULL) {
4674     *plist = new_p;
4675   } else {
4676     while (p->next() != NULL) {
4677       p = p->next();
4678     }
4679     p->set_next(new_p);
4680   }
4681 }
4682 
4683 void Arguments::PropertyList_add(SystemProperty** plist, const char* k, const char* v,
4684                                  bool writeable, bool internal) {
4685   if (plist == NULL)
4686     return;
4687 
4688   SystemProperty* new_p = new SystemProperty(k, v, writeable, internal);
4689   PropertyList_add(plist, new_p);
4690 }
4691 
4692 void Arguments::PropertyList_add(SystemProperty *element) {
4693   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, element);
4694 }
4695 
4696 // This add maintains unique property key in the list.
4697 void Arguments::PropertyList_unique_add(SystemProperty** plist, const char* k, const char* v,
4698                                         PropertyAppendable append, PropertyWriteable writeable,
4699                                         PropertyInternal internal) {
4700   if (plist == NULL)
4701     return;
4702 
4703   // If property key exist then update with new value.
4704   SystemProperty* prop;
4705   for (prop = *plist; prop != NULL; prop = prop->next()) {
4706     if (strcmp(k, prop->key()) == 0) {
4707       if (append == AppendProperty) {
4708         prop->append_value(v);
4709       } else {
4710         prop->set_value(v);
4711       }
4712       return;
4713     }
4714   }
4715 
4716   PropertyList_add(plist, k, v, writeable == WriteableProperty, internal == InternalProperty);
4717 }
4718 
4719 // Copies src into buf, replacing "%%" with "%" and "%p" with pid
4720 // Returns true if all of the source pointed by src has been copied over to
4721 // the destination buffer pointed by buf. Otherwise, returns false.
4722 // Notes:
4723 // 1. If the length (buflen) of the destination buffer excluding the
4724 // NULL terminator character is not long enough for holding the expanded
4725 // pid characters, it also returns false instead of returning the partially
4726 // expanded one.
4727 // 2. The passed in "buflen" should be large enough to hold the null terminator.
4728 bool Arguments::copy_expand_pid(const char* src, size_t srclen,
4729                                 char* buf, size_t buflen) {
4730   const char* p = src;
4731   char* b = buf;
4732   const char* src_end = &src[srclen];
4733   char* buf_end = &buf[buflen - 1];
4734 
4735   while (p < src_end && b < buf_end) {
4736     if (*p == '%') {
4737       switch (*(++p)) {
4738       case '%':         // "%%" ==> "%"
4739         *b++ = *p++;
4740         break;
4741       case 'p':  {       //  "%p" ==> current process id
4742         // buf_end points to the character before the last character so
4743         // that we could write '\0' to the end of the buffer.
4744         size_t buf_sz = buf_end - b + 1;
4745         int ret = jio_snprintf(b, buf_sz, "%d", os::current_process_id());
4746 
4747         // if jio_snprintf fails or the buffer is not long enough to hold
4748         // the expanded pid, returns false.
4749         if (ret < 0 || ret >= (int)buf_sz) {
4750           return false;
4751         } else {
4752           b += ret;
4753           assert(*b == '\0', "fail in copy_expand_pid");
4754           if (p == src_end && b == buf_end + 1) {
4755             // reach the end of the buffer.
4756             return true;
4757           }
4758         }
4759         p++;
4760         break;
4761       }
4762       default :
4763         *b++ = '%';
4764       }
4765     } else {
4766       *b++ = *p++;
4767     }
4768   }
4769   *b = '\0';
4770   return (p == src_end); // return false if not all of the source was copied
4771 }