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 * Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
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 */

package java.lang.ref;

import sun.misc.Unsafe;
import java.util.function.Consumer;

/**
 * Reference queues, to which registered reference objects are appended by the
 * garbage collector after the appropriate reachability changes are detected.
 *
 * @author   Mark Reinhold
 * @since    1.2
 */

public class ReferenceQueue<T> {

    /**
     * Constructs a new reference-object queue.
     */
    public ReferenceQueue() { }

    private static class Null<S> extends ReferenceQueue<S> {
        boolean enqueue(Reference<? extends S> r) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    static ReferenceQueue<Object> NULL = new Null<>();
    static ReferenceQueue<Object> ENQUEUED = new Null<>();

    static private class Lock { };
    private Lock lock = new Lock();
    private volatile Reference<? extends T> head = null;
    private long queueLength = 0;

    boolean enqueue(Reference<? extends T> r) { /* Called only by Reference class */
        synchronized (lock) {
            // Check that since getting the lock this reference hasn't already been
            // enqueued (and even then removed)
            ReferenceQueue<?> queue = r.queue;
            if ((queue == NULL) || (queue == ENQUEUED)) {
                return false;
            }
            assert queue == this;
            r.queue = ENQUEUED;
            r.next = (head == null) ? r : head;
            head = r;
            queueLength++;
            if (r instanceof FinalReference) {
                sun.misc.VM.addFinalRefCount(1);
            }
            lock.notifyAll();
            return true;
        }
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    private Reference<? extends T> reallyPoll() {       /* Must hold lock */
        Reference<? extends T> r = head;
        if (r != null) {
            head = (r.next == r) ?
                null :
                r.next; // Unchecked due to the next field having a raw type in Reference
            r.queue = NULL;
            // make sure the store to r.next below doesn't float up
            // before the store to r.queue above because we need this
            // for correct lock-less iteration in forEach()
            U.storeFence();
            r.next = r;
            queueLength--;
            if (r instanceof FinalReference) {
                sun.misc.VM.addFinalRefCount(-1);
            }
            return r;
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Polls this queue to see if a reference object is available.  If one is
     * available without further delay then it is removed from the queue and
     * returned.  Otherwise this method immediately returns <tt>null</tt>.
     *
     * @return  A reference object, if one was immediately available,
     *          otherwise <code>null</code>
     */
    public Reference<? extends T> poll() {
        if (head == null)
            return null;
        synchronized (lock) {
            return reallyPoll();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Removes the next reference object in this queue, blocking until either
     * one becomes available or the given timeout period expires.
     *
     * <p> This method does not offer real-time guarantees: It schedules the
     * timeout as if by invoking the {@link Object#wait(long)} method.
     *
     * @param  timeout  If positive, block for up to <code>timeout</code>
     *                  milliseconds while waiting for a reference to be
     *                  added to this queue.  If zero, block indefinitely.
     *
     * @return  A reference object, if one was available within the specified
     *          timeout period, otherwise <code>null</code>
     *
     * @throws  IllegalArgumentException
     *          If the value of the timeout argument is negative
     *
     * @throws  InterruptedException
     *          If the timeout wait is interrupted
     */
    public Reference<? extends T> remove(long timeout)
        throws IllegalArgumentException, InterruptedException
    {
        if (timeout < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Negative timeout value");
        }
        synchronized (lock) {
            Reference<? extends T> r = reallyPoll();
            if (r != null) return r;
            long start = (timeout == 0) ? 0 : System.nanoTime();
            for (;;) {
                lock.wait(timeout);
                r = reallyPoll();
                if (r != null) return r;
                if (timeout != 0) {
                    long end = System.nanoTime();
                    timeout -= (end - start) / 1000_000;
                    if (timeout <= 0) return null;
                    start = end;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Removes the next reference object in this queue, blocking until one
     * becomes available.
     *
     * @return A reference object, blocking until one becomes available
     * @throws  InterruptedException  If the wait is interrupted
     */
    public Reference<? extends T> remove() throws InterruptedException {
        return remove(0);
    }

    /**
     * Iterate queue and invoke given action with each Reference.
     * Suitable for diagnostic purposes.
     * WARNING: any use of this method should make sure to not
     * retain the referents of iterated references (in case of
     * FinalReference(s)) so that their life is not prolonged more
     * than necessary.
     */
    void forEach(Consumer<? super Reference<? extends T>> action) {
        for (Reference<? extends T> r = head; r != null;) {
            action.accept(r);
            Reference rn = r.next;
            // make sure load of r.queue below doesn't float up before
            // the load of r.next above. The corresponding stores are
            // performed in reallyPoll() in reverse order.
            U.loadFence();
            if (rn == r) {
                if (r.queue == ENQUEUED) {
                    // still enqueued -> we reached end of chain
                    r = null;
                } else {
                    // already dequeued: r.queue == NULL; ->
                    // restart from head when overtaken by queue poller(s)
                    r = head;
                }
            } else {
                // next in chain
                r = rn;
            }
        }
    }

    /* we need a fence */
    private static final Unsafe U = Unsafe.getUnsafe();
}