1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "precompiled.hpp"
  26 #include "aot/aotLoader.hpp"
  27 #include "classfile/classLoader.hpp"
  28 #include "classfile/classLoaderDataGraph.hpp"
  29 #include "classfile/javaClasses.hpp"
  30 #include "classfile/stringTable.hpp"
  31 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
  32 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
  33 #include "code/codeCache.hpp"
  34 #include "code/dependencies.hpp"
  35 #include "gc/shared/collectedHeap.inline.hpp"
  36 #include "gc/shared/fill.hpp"
  37 #include "gc/shared/gcArguments.hpp"
  38 #include "gc/shared/gcConfig.hpp"
  39 #include "gc/shared/gcTraceTime.inline.hpp"
  40 #include "interpreter/interpreter.hpp"
  41 #include "logging/log.hpp"
  42 #include "logging/logStream.hpp"
  43 #include "memory/heapShared.hpp"
  44 #include "memory/filemap.hpp"
  45 #include "memory/metadataFactory.hpp"
  46 #include "memory/metaspaceClosure.hpp"
  47 #include "memory/metaspaceCounters.hpp"
  48 #include "memory/metaspaceShared.hpp"
  49 #include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"
  50 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
  51 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
  52 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
  53 #include "oops/constantPool.hpp"
  54 #include "oops/instanceClassLoaderKlass.hpp"
  55 #include "oops/instanceKlass.hpp"
  56 #include "oops/instanceMirrorKlass.hpp"
  57 #include "oops/instanceRefKlass.hpp"
  58 #include "oops/objArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  59 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  60 #include "oops/typeArrayKlass.hpp"
  61 #include "prims/resolvedMethodTable.hpp"
  62 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
  63 #include "runtime/atomic.hpp"
  64 #include "runtime/flags/flagSetting.hpp"
  65 #include "runtime/flags/jvmFlagConstraintList.hpp"
  66 #include "runtime/deoptimization.hpp"
  67 #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
  68 #include "runtime/init.hpp"
  69 #include "runtime/java.hpp"
  70 #include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"
  71 #include "runtime/sharedRuntime.hpp"
  72 #include "runtime/synchronizer.hpp"
  73 #include "runtime/thread.inline.hpp"
  74 #include "runtime/timerTrace.hpp"
  75 #include "runtime/vm_operations.hpp"
  76 #include "services/memoryService.hpp"
  77 #include "utilities/align.hpp"
  78 #include "utilities/copy.hpp"
  79 #include "utilities/debug.hpp"
  80 #include "utilities/events.hpp"
  81 #include "utilities/formatBuffer.hpp"
  82 #include "utilities/hashtable.inline.hpp"
  83 #include "utilities/macros.hpp"
  84 #include "utilities/ostream.hpp"
  85 #include "utilities/preserveException.hpp"
  86 
  87 // Known objects
  88 Klass* Universe::_typeArrayKlassObjs[T_LONG+1]        = { NULL /*, NULL...*/ };
  89 Klass* Universe::_objectArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;
  90 oop Universe::_int_mirror                             = NULL;
  91 oop Universe::_float_mirror                           = NULL;
  92 oop Universe::_double_mirror                          = NULL;
  93 oop Universe::_byte_mirror                            = NULL;
  94 oop Universe::_bool_mirror                            = NULL;
  95 oop Universe::_char_mirror                            = NULL;
  96 oop Universe::_long_mirror                            = NULL;
  97 oop Universe::_short_mirror                           = NULL;
  98 oop Universe::_void_mirror                            = NULL;
  99 oop Universe::_mirrors[T_VOID+1]                      = { NULL /*, NULL...*/ };
 100 oop Universe::_main_thread_group                      = NULL;
 101 oop Universe::_system_thread_group                    = NULL;
 102 objArrayOop Universe::_the_empty_class_klass_array    = NULL;
 103 Array<Klass*>* Universe::_the_array_interfaces_array = NULL;
 104 oop Universe::_the_null_sentinel                      = NULL;
 105 oop Universe::_the_null_string                        = NULL;
 106 oop Universe::_the_min_jint_string                   = NULL;
 107 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_finalizer_register_cache = NULL;
 108 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_loader_addClass_cache    = NULL;
 109 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_pd_implies_cache         = NULL;
 110 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_throw_illegal_access_error_cache = NULL;
 111 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_do_stack_walk_cache     = NULL;
 112 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap          = NULL;
 113 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace          = NULL;
 114 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace    = NULL;
 115 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size         = NULL;
 116 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit  = NULL;
 117 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects    = NULL;
 118 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_retry              = NULL;
 119 oop Universe::_delayed_stack_overflow_error_message   = NULL;
 120 objArrayOop Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array = NULL;
 121 volatile jint Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count = 0;
 122 bool Universe::_verify_in_progress                    = false;
 123 long Universe::verify_flags                           = Universe::Verify_All;
 124 oop Universe::_null_ptr_exception_instance            = NULL;
 125 oop Universe::_arithmetic_exception_instance          = NULL;
 126 oop Universe::_virtual_machine_error_instance         = NULL;
 127 oop Universe::_vm_exception                           = NULL;
 128 oop Universe::_reference_pending_list                 = NULL;
 129 
 130 Array<int>* Universe::_the_empty_int_array            = NULL;
 131 Array<u2>* Universe::_the_empty_short_array           = NULL;
 132 Array<Klass*>* Universe::_the_empty_klass_array     = NULL;
 133 Array<InstanceKlass*>* Universe::_the_empty_instance_klass_array  = NULL;
 134 Array<Method*>* Universe::_the_empty_method_array   = NULL;
 135 
 136 // These variables are guarded by FullGCALot_lock.
 137 debug_only(objArrayOop Universe::_fullgc_alot_dummy_array = NULL;)
 138 debug_only(int Universe::_fullgc_alot_dummy_next      = 0;)
 139 
 140 // Heap
 141 int             Universe::_verify_count = 0;
 142 
 143 // Oop verification (see MacroAssembler::verify_oop)
 144 uintptr_t       Universe::_verify_oop_mask = 0;
 145 uintptr_t       Universe::_verify_oop_bits = (uintptr_t) -1;
 146 
 147 int             Universe::_base_vtable_size = 0;
 148 bool            Universe::_bootstrapping = false;
 149 bool            Universe::_module_initialized = false;
 150 bool            Universe::_fully_initialized = false;
 151 
 152 size_t          Universe::_heap_capacity_at_last_gc;
 153 size_t          Universe::_heap_used_at_last_gc = 0;
 154 
 155 CollectedHeap*  Universe::_collectedHeap = NULL;
 156 
 157 NarrowPtrStruct Universe::_narrow_oop = { NULL, 0, true };
 158 NarrowPtrStruct Universe::_narrow_klass = { NULL, 0, true };
 159 address Universe::_narrow_ptrs_base;
 160 uint64_t Universe::_narrow_klass_range = (uint64_t(max_juint)+1);
 161 
 162 void Universe::basic_type_classes_do(void f(Klass*)) {
 163   for (int i = T_BOOLEAN; i < T_LONG+1; i++) {
 164     f(_typeArrayKlassObjs[i]);
 165   }
 166 }
 167 
 168 void Universe::basic_type_classes_do(KlassClosure *closure) {
 169   for (int i = T_BOOLEAN; i < T_LONG+1; i++) {
 170     closure->do_klass(_typeArrayKlassObjs[i]);
 171   }
 172 }
 173 
 174 void Universe::oops_do(OopClosure* f) {
 175 
 176   f->do_oop((oop*) &_int_mirror);
 177   f->do_oop((oop*) &_float_mirror);
 178   f->do_oop((oop*) &_double_mirror);
 179   f->do_oop((oop*) &_byte_mirror);
 180   f->do_oop((oop*) &_bool_mirror);
 181   f->do_oop((oop*) &_char_mirror);
 182   f->do_oop((oop*) &_long_mirror);
 183   f->do_oop((oop*) &_short_mirror);
 184   f->do_oop((oop*) &_void_mirror);
 185 
 186   for (int i = T_BOOLEAN; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
 187     f->do_oop((oop*) &_mirrors[i]);
 188   }
 189   assert(_mirrors[0] == NULL && _mirrors[T_BOOLEAN - 1] == NULL, "checking");
 190 
 191   f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_empty_class_klass_array);
 192   f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_null_sentinel);
 193   f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_null_string);
 194   f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_min_jint_string);
 195   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_java_heap);
 196   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_metaspace);
 197   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace);
 198   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_array_size);
 199   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit);
 200   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects);
 201   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_retry);
 202   f->do_oop((oop*)&_delayed_stack_overflow_error_message);
 203   f->do_oop((oop*)&_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array);
 204   f->do_oop((oop*)&_null_ptr_exception_instance);
 205   f->do_oop((oop*)&_arithmetic_exception_instance);
 206   f->do_oop((oop*)&_virtual_machine_error_instance);
 207   f->do_oop((oop*)&_main_thread_group);
 208   f->do_oop((oop*)&_system_thread_group);
 209   f->do_oop((oop*)&_vm_exception);
 210   f->do_oop((oop*)&_reference_pending_list);
 211   debug_only(f->do_oop((oop*)&_fullgc_alot_dummy_array);)
 212 }
 213 
 214 void LatestMethodCache::metaspace_pointers_do(MetaspaceClosure* it) {
 215   it->push(&_klass);
 216 }
 217 
 218 void Universe::metaspace_pointers_do(MetaspaceClosure* it) {
 219   for (int i = 0; i < T_LONG+1; i++) {
 220     it->push(&_typeArrayKlassObjs[i]);
 221   }
 222   it->push(&_objectArrayKlassObj);
 223 
 224   it->push(&_the_empty_int_array);
 225   it->push(&_the_empty_short_array);
 226   it->push(&_the_empty_klass_array);
 227   it->push(&_the_empty_instance_klass_array);
 228   it->push(&_the_empty_method_array);
 229   it->push(&_the_array_interfaces_array);
 230 
 231   _finalizer_register_cache->metaspace_pointers_do(it);
 232   _loader_addClass_cache->metaspace_pointers_do(it);
 233   _pd_implies_cache->metaspace_pointers_do(it);
 234   _throw_illegal_access_error_cache->metaspace_pointers_do(it);
 235   _do_stack_walk_cache->metaspace_pointers_do(it);
 236 }
 237 
 238 // Serialize metadata and pointers to primitive type mirrors in and out of CDS archive
 239 void Universe::serialize(SerializeClosure* f) {
 240 
 241   for (int i = 0; i < T_LONG+1; i++) {
 242     f->do_ptr((void**)&_typeArrayKlassObjs[i]);
 243   }
 244 
 245   f->do_ptr((void**)&_objectArrayKlassObj);
 246 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
 247 #ifdef ASSERT
 248   if (DumpSharedSpaces && !HeapShared::is_heap_object_archiving_allowed()) {
 249     assert(_int_mirror == NULL    && _float_mirror == NULL &&
 250            _double_mirror == NULL && _byte_mirror == NULL  &&
 251            _bool_mirror == NULL   && _char_mirror == NULL  &&
 252            _long_mirror == NULL   && _short_mirror == NULL &&
 253            _void_mirror == NULL, "mirrors should be NULL");
 254   }
 255 #endif
 256   f->do_oop(&_int_mirror);
 257   f->do_oop(&_float_mirror);
 258   f->do_oop(&_double_mirror);
 259   f->do_oop(&_byte_mirror);
 260   f->do_oop(&_bool_mirror);
 261   f->do_oop(&_char_mirror);
 262   f->do_oop(&_long_mirror);
 263   f->do_oop(&_short_mirror);
 264   f->do_oop(&_void_mirror);
 265 #endif
 266 
 267   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_array_interfaces_array);
 268   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_int_array);
 269   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_short_array);
 270   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_method_array);
 271   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_klass_array);
 272   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_instance_klass_array);
 273   _finalizer_register_cache->serialize(f);
 274   _loader_addClass_cache->serialize(f);
 275   _pd_implies_cache->serialize(f);
 276   _throw_illegal_access_error_cache->serialize(f);
 277   _do_stack_walk_cache->serialize(f);
 278 }
 279 
 280 void Universe::check_alignment(uintx size, uintx alignment, const char* name) {
 281   if (size < alignment || size % alignment != 0) {
 282     vm_exit_during_initialization(
 283       err_msg("Size of %s (" UINTX_FORMAT " bytes) must be aligned to " UINTX_FORMAT " bytes", name, size, alignment));
 284   }
 285 }
 286 
 287 void initialize_basic_type_klass(Klass* k, TRAPS) {
 288   Klass* ok = SystemDictionary::Object_klass();
 289 #if INCLUDE_CDS
 290   if (UseSharedSpaces) {
 291     ClassLoaderData* loader_data = ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data();
 292     assert(k->super() == ok, "u3");
 293     k->restore_unshareable_info(loader_data, Handle(), CHECK);
 294   } else
 295 #endif
 296   {
 297     k->initialize_supers(ok, NULL, CHECK);
 298   }
 299   k->append_to_sibling_list();
 300 }
 301 
 302 void Universe::genesis(TRAPS) {
 303   ResourceMark rm;
 304 
 305   { FlagSetting fs(_bootstrapping, true);
 306 
 307     { MutexLocker mc(Compile_lock);
 308 
 309       java_lang_Class::allocate_fixup_lists();
 310 
 311       // determine base vtable size; without that we cannot create the array klasses
 312       compute_base_vtable_size();
 313 
 314       if (!UseSharedSpaces) {
 315         for (int i = T_BOOLEAN; i < T_LONG+1; i++) {
 316           _typeArrayKlassObjs[i] = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass((BasicType)i, CHECK);
 317         }
 318 
 319         ClassLoaderData* null_cld = ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data();
 320 
 321         _the_array_interfaces_array     = MetadataFactory::new_array<Klass*>(null_cld, 2, NULL, CHECK);
 322         _the_empty_int_array            = MetadataFactory::new_array<int>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 323         _the_empty_short_array          = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 324         _the_empty_method_array         = MetadataFactory::new_array<Method*>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 325         _the_empty_klass_array          = MetadataFactory::new_array<Klass*>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 326         _the_empty_instance_klass_array = MetadataFactory::new_array<InstanceKlass*>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 327       }
 328     }
 329 
 330     vmSymbols::initialize(CHECK);
 331 
 332     SystemDictionary::initialize(CHECK);
 333 
 334     Klass* ok = SystemDictionary::Object_klass();
 335 
 336     _the_null_string            = StringTable::intern("null", CHECK);
 337     _the_min_jint_string       = StringTable::intern("-2147483648", CHECK);
 338 
 339 #if INCLUDE_CDS
 340     if (UseSharedSpaces) {
 341       // Verify shared interfaces array.
 342       assert(_the_array_interfaces_array->at(0) ==
 343              SystemDictionary::Cloneable_klass(), "u3");
 344       assert(_the_array_interfaces_array->at(1) ==
 345              SystemDictionary::Serializable_klass(), "u3");
 346     } else
 347 #endif
 348     {
 349       // Set up shared interfaces array.  (Do this before supers are set up.)
 350       _the_array_interfaces_array->at_put(0, SystemDictionary::Cloneable_klass());
 351       _the_array_interfaces_array->at_put(1, SystemDictionary::Serializable_klass());
 352     }
 353 
 354     initialize_basic_type_klass(boolArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 355     initialize_basic_type_klass(charArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 356     initialize_basic_type_klass(floatArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 357     initialize_basic_type_klass(doubleArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 358     initialize_basic_type_klass(byteArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 359     initialize_basic_type_klass(shortArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 360     initialize_basic_type_klass(intArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 361     initialize_basic_type_klass(longArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 362   } // end of core bootstrapping
 363 
 364   {
 365     Handle tns = java_lang_String::create_from_str("<null_sentinel>", CHECK);
 366     _the_null_sentinel = tns();
 367   }
 368 
 369   // Maybe this could be lifted up now that object array can be initialized
 370   // during the bootstrapping.
 371 
 372   // OLD
 373   // Initialize _objectArrayKlass after core bootstraping to make
 374   // sure the super class is set up properly for _objectArrayKlass.
 375   // ---
 376   // NEW
 377   // Since some of the old system object arrays have been converted to
 378   // ordinary object arrays, _objectArrayKlass will be loaded when
 379   // SystemDictionary::initialize(CHECK); is run. See the extra check
 380   // for Object_klass_loaded in objArrayKlassKlass::allocate_objArray_klass_impl.
 381   _objectArrayKlassObj = InstanceKlass::
 382     cast(SystemDictionary::Object_klass())->array_klass(1, CHECK);
 383   // OLD
 384   // Add the class to the class hierarchy manually to make sure that
 385   // its vtable is initialized after core bootstrapping is completed.
 386   // ---
 387   // New
 388   // Have already been initialized.
 389   _objectArrayKlassObj->append_to_sibling_list();
 390 
 391   #ifdef ASSERT
 392   if (FullGCALot) {
 393     // Allocate an array of dummy objects.
 394     // We'd like these to be at the bottom of the old generation,
 395     // so that when we free one and then collect,
 396     // (almost) the whole heap moves
 397     // and we find out if we actually update all the oops correctly.
 398     // But we can't allocate directly in the old generation,
 399     // so we allocate wherever, and hope that the first collection
 400     // moves these objects to the bottom of the old generation.
 401     // We can allocate directly in the permanent generation, so we do.
 402     int size;
 403     if (UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
 404       log_warning(gc)("Using +FullGCALot with concurrent mark sweep gc will not force all objects to relocate");
 405       size = FullGCALotDummies;
 406     } else {
 407       size = FullGCALotDummies * 2;
 408     }
 409     objArrayOop    naked_array = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Object_klass(), size, CHECK);
 410     objArrayHandle dummy_array(THREAD, naked_array);
 411     int i = 0;
 412     while (i < size) {
 413         // Allocate dummy in old generation
 414       oop dummy = SystemDictionary::Object_klass()->allocate_instance(CHECK);
 415       dummy_array->obj_at_put(i++, dummy);
 416     }
 417     {
 418       // Only modify the global variable inside the mutex.
 419       // If we had a race to here, the other dummy_array instances
 420       // and their elements just get dropped on the floor, which is fine.
 421       MutexLocker ml(FullGCALot_lock);
 422       if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_array == NULL) {
 423         _fullgc_alot_dummy_array = dummy_array();
 424       }
 425     }
 426     assert(i == _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->length(), "just checking");
 427   }
 428   #endif
 429 }
 430 
 431 void Universe::initialize_basic_type_mirrors(TRAPS) {
 432 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
 433     if (UseSharedSpaces &&
 434         HeapShared::open_archive_heap_region_mapped() &&
 435         _int_mirror != NULL) {
 436       assert(HeapShared::is_heap_object_archiving_allowed(), "Sanity");
 437       assert(_float_mirror != NULL && _double_mirror != NULL &&
 438              _byte_mirror  != NULL && _byte_mirror   != NULL &&
 439              _bool_mirror  != NULL && _char_mirror   != NULL &&
 440              _long_mirror  != NULL && _short_mirror  != NULL &&
 441              _void_mirror  != NULL, "Sanity");
 442     } else
 443 #endif
 444     {
 445       _int_mirror     =
 446         java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("int",    T_INT, CHECK);
 447       _float_mirror   =
 448         java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("float",  T_FLOAT,   CHECK);
 449       _double_mirror  =
 450         java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("double", T_DOUBLE,  CHECK);
 451       _byte_mirror    =
 452         java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("byte",   T_BYTE, CHECK);
 453       _bool_mirror    =
 454         java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("boolean",T_BOOLEAN, CHECK);
 455       _char_mirror    =
 456         java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("char",   T_CHAR, CHECK);
 457       _long_mirror    =
 458         java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("long",   T_LONG, CHECK);
 459       _short_mirror   =
 460         java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("short",  T_SHORT,   CHECK);
 461       _void_mirror    =
 462         java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("void",   T_VOID, CHECK);
 463     }
 464 
 465     _mirrors[T_INT]     = _int_mirror;
 466     _mirrors[T_FLOAT]   = _float_mirror;
 467     _mirrors[T_DOUBLE]  = _double_mirror;
 468     _mirrors[T_BYTE]    = _byte_mirror;
 469     _mirrors[T_BOOLEAN] = _bool_mirror;
 470     _mirrors[T_CHAR]    = _char_mirror;
 471     _mirrors[T_LONG]    = _long_mirror;
 472     _mirrors[T_SHORT]   = _short_mirror;
 473     _mirrors[T_VOID]    = _void_mirror;
 474   //_mirrors[T_OBJECT]  = _object_klass->java_mirror();
 475   //_mirrors[T_ARRAY]   = _object_klass->java_mirror();
 476 }
 477 
 478 void Universe::fixup_mirrors(TRAPS) {
 479   // Bootstrap problem: all classes gets a mirror (java.lang.Class instance) assigned eagerly,
 480   // but we cannot do that for classes created before java.lang.Class is loaded. Here we simply
 481   // walk over permanent objects created so far (mostly classes) and fixup their mirrors. Note
 482   // that the number of objects allocated at this point is very small.
 483   assert(SystemDictionary::Class_klass_loaded(), "java.lang.Class should be loaded");
 484   HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 485 
 486   if (!UseSharedSpaces) {
 487     // Cache the start of the static fields
 488     InstanceMirrorKlass::init_offset_of_static_fields();
 489   }
 490 
 491   GrowableArray <Klass*>* list = java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror_list();
 492   int list_length = list->length();
 493   for (int i = 0; i < list_length; i++) {
 494     Klass* k = list->at(i);
 495     assert(k->is_klass(), "List should only hold classes");
 496     EXCEPTION_MARK;
 497     java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror(k, CATCH);
 498   }
 499   delete java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror_list();
 500   java_lang_Class::set_fixup_mirror_list(NULL);
 501 }
 502 
 503 #define assert_pll_locked(test) \
 504   assert(Heap_lock->test(), "Reference pending list access requires lock")
 505 
 506 #define assert_pll_ownership() assert_pll_locked(owned_by_self)
 507 
 508 oop Universe::reference_pending_list() {
 509   if (Thread::current()->is_VM_thread()) {
 510     assert_pll_locked(is_locked);
 511   } else {
 512     assert_pll_ownership();
 513   }
 514   return _reference_pending_list;
 515 }
 516 
 517 void Universe::set_reference_pending_list(oop list) {
 518   assert_pll_ownership();
 519   _reference_pending_list = list;
 520 }
 521 
 522 bool Universe::has_reference_pending_list() {
 523   assert_pll_ownership();
 524   return _reference_pending_list != NULL;
 525 }
 526 
 527 oop Universe::swap_reference_pending_list(oop list) {
 528   assert_pll_locked(is_locked);
 529   return Atomic::xchg(list, &_reference_pending_list);
 530 }
 531 
 532 #undef assert_pll_locked
 533 #undef assert_pll_ownership
 534 
 535 // initialize_vtable could cause gc if
 536 // 1) we specified true to initialize_vtable and
 537 // 2) this ran after gc was enabled
 538 // In case those ever change we use handles for oops
 539 void Universe::reinitialize_vtable_of(Klass* ko, TRAPS) {
 540   // init vtable of k and all subclasses
 541   ko->vtable().initialize_vtable(false, CHECK);
 542   if (ko->is_instance_klass()) {
 543     for (Klass* sk = ko->subklass();
 544          sk != NULL;
 545          sk = sk->next_sibling()) {
 546       reinitialize_vtable_of(sk, CHECK);
 547     }
 548   }
 549 }
 550 
 551 
 552 void initialize_itable_for_klass(InstanceKlass* k, TRAPS) {
 553   k->itable().initialize_itable(false, CHECK);
 554 }
 555 
 556 
 557 void Universe::reinitialize_itables(TRAPS) {
 558   MutexLocker mcld(ClassLoaderDataGraph_lock);
 559   ClassLoaderDataGraph::dictionary_classes_do(initialize_itable_for_klass, CHECK);
 560 }
 561 
 562 
 563 bool Universe::on_page_boundary(void* addr) {
 564   return is_aligned(addr, os::vm_page_size());
 565 }
 566 
 567 
 568 bool Universe::should_fill_in_stack_trace(Handle throwable) {
 569   // never attempt to fill in the stack trace of preallocated errors that do not have
 570   // backtrace. These errors are kept alive forever and may be "re-used" when all
 571   // preallocated errors with backtrace have been consumed. Also need to avoid
 572   // a potential loop which could happen if an out of memory occurs when attempting
 573   // to allocate the backtrace.
 574   return ((!oopDesc::equals(throwable(), Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap)) &&
 575           (!oopDesc::equals(throwable(), Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace))  &&
 576           (!oopDesc::equals(throwable(), Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace))  &&
 577           (!oopDesc::equals(throwable(), Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size)) &&
 578           (!oopDesc::equals(throwable(), Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit)) &&
 579           (!oopDesc::equals(throwable(), Universe::_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects)) &&
 580           (!oopDesc::equals(throwable(), Universe::_out_of_memory_error_retry)));
 581 }
 582 
 583 
 584 oop Universe::gen_out_of_memory_error(oop default_err) {
 585   // generate an out of memory error:
 586   // - if there is a preallocated error and stack traces are available
 587   //   (j.l.Throwable is initialized), then return the preallocated
 588   //   error with a filled in stack trace, and with the message
 589   //   provided by the default error.
 590   // - otherwise, return the default error, without a stack trace.
 591   int next;
 592   if ((_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count > 0) &&
 593       SystemDictionary::Throwable_klass()->is_initialized()) {
 594     next = (int)Atomic::add(-1, &_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count);
 595     assert(next < (int)PreallocatedOutOfMemoryErrorCount, "avail count is corrupt");
 596   } else {
 597     next = -1;
 598   }
 599   if (next < 0) {
 600     // all preallocated errors have been used.
 601     // return default
 602     return default_err;
 603   } else {
 604     Thread* THREAD = Thread::current();
 605     Handle default_err_h(THREAD, default_err);
 606     // get the error object at the slot and set set it to NULL so that the
 607     // array isn't keeping it alive anymore.
 608     Handle exc(THREAD, preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at(next));
 609     assert(exc() != NULL, "slot has been used already");
 610     preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at_put(next, NULL);
 611 
 612     // use the message from the default error
 613     oop msg = java_lang_Throwable::message(default_err_h());
 614     assert(msg != NULL, "no message");
 615     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(exc(), msg);
 616 
 617     // populate the stack trace and return it.
 618     java_lang_Throwable::fill_in_stack_trace_of_preallocated_backtrace(exc);
 619     return exc();
 620   }
 621 }
 622 
 623 intptr_t Universe::_non_oop_bits = 0;
 624 
 625 void* Universe::non_oop_word() {
 626   // Neither the high bits nor the low bits of this value is allowed
 627   // to look like (respectively) the high or low bits of a real oop.
 628   //
 629   // High and low are CPU-specific notions, but low always includes
 630   // the low-order bit.  Since oops are always aligned at least mod 4,
 631   // setting the low-order bit will ensure that the low half of the
 632   // word will never look like that of a real oop.
 633   //
 634   // Using the OS-supplied non-memory-address word (usually 0 or -1)
 635   // will take care of the high bits, however many there are.
 636 
 637   if (_non_oop_bits == 0) {
 638     _non_oop_bits = (intptr_t)os::non_memory_address_word() | 1;
 639   }
 640 
 641   return (void*)_non_oop_bits;
 642 }
 643 
 644 jint universe_init() {
 645   assert(!Universe::_fully_initialized, "called after initialize_vtables");
 646   guarantee(1 << LogHeapWordSize == sizeof(HeapWord),
 647          "LogHeapWordSize is incorrect.");
 648   guarantee(sizeof(oop) >= sizeof(HeapWord), "HeapWord larger than oop?");
 649   guarantee(sizeof(oop) % sizeof(HeapWord) == 0,
 650             "oop size is not not a multiple of HeapWord size");
 651 
 652   TraceTime timer("Genesis", TRACETIME_LOG(Info, startuptime));
 653 
 654   JavaClasses::compute_hard_coded_offsets();
 655 
 656   jint status = Universe::initialize_heap();
 657   if (status != JNI_OK) {
 658     return status;
 659   }
 660 
 661   SystemDictionary::initialize_oop_storage();
 662 
 663   Metaspace::global_initialize();
 664 
 665   // Initialize performance counters for metaspaces
 666   MetaspaceCounters::initialize_performance_counters();
 667   CompressedClassSpaceCounters::initialize_performance_counters();
 668 
 669   AOTLoader::universe_init();
 670 
 671   // Checks 'AfterMemoryInit' constraints.
 672   if (!JVMFlagConstraintList::check_constraints(JVMFlagConstraint::AfterMemoryInit)) {
 673     return JNI_EINVAL;
 674   }
 675 
 676   // Create memory for metadata.  Must be after initializing heap for
 677   // DumpSharedSpaces.
 678   ClassLoaderData::init_null_class_loader_data();
 679 
 680   // We have a heap so create the Method* caches before
 681   // Metaspace::initialize_shared_spaces() tries to populate them.
 682   Universe::_finalizer_register_cache = new LatestMethodCache();
 683   Universe::_loader_addClass_cache    = new LatestMethodCache();
 684   Universe::_pd_implies_cache         = new LatestMethodCache();
 685   Universe::_throw_illegal_access_error_cache = new LatestMethodCache();
 686   Universe::_do_stack_walk_cache = new LatestMethodCache();
 687 
 688 #if INCLUDE_CDS
 689   if (UseSharedSpaces) {
 690     // Read the data structures supporting the shared spaces (shared
 691     // system dictionary, symbol table, etc.).  After that, access to
 692     // the file (other than the mapped regions) is no longer needed, and
 693     // the file is closed. Closing the file does not affect the
 694     // currently mapped regions.
 695     MetaspaceShared::initialize_shared_spaces();
 696     StringTable::create_table();
 697   } else
 698 #endif
 699   {
 700     SymbolTable::create_table();
 701     StringTable::create_table();
 702 
 703 #if INCLUDE_CDS
 704     if (DumpSharedSpaces) {
 705       MetaspaceShared::prepare_for_dumping();
 706     }
 707 #endif
 708   }
 709   if (strlen(VerifySubSet) > 0) {
 710     Universe::initialize_verify_flags();
 711   }
 712 
 713   ResolvedMethodTable::create_table();
 714 
 715   return JNI_OK;
 716 }
 717 
 718 CollectedHeap* Universe::create_heap() {
 719   assert(_collectedHeap == NULL, "Heap already created");
 720   return GCConfig::arguments()->create_heap();
 721 }
 722 
 723 // Choose the heap base address and oop encoding mode
 724 // when compressed oops are used:
 725 // Unscaled  - Use 32-bits oops without encoding when
 726 //     NarrowOopHeapBaseMin + heap_size < 4Gb
 727 // ZeroBased - Use zero based compressed oops with encoding when
 728 //     NarrowOopHeapBaseMin + heap_size < 32Gb
 729 // HeapBased - Use compressed oops with heap base + encoding.
 730 
 731 jint Universe::initialize_heap() {
 732   _collectedHeap = create_heap();
 733   jint status = _collectedHeap->initialize();
 734   if (status != JNI_OK) {
 735     return status;
 736   }
 737   log_info(gc)("Using %s", _collectedHeap->name());
 738 
 739   ThreadLocalAllocBuffer::set_max_size(Universe::heap()->max_tlab_size());
 740 
 741 #ifdef _LP64
 742   if (UseCompressedOops) {
 743     // Subtract a page because something can get allocated at heap base.
 744     // This also makes implicit null checking work, because the
 745     // memory+1 page below heap_base needs to cause a signal.
 746     // See needs_explicit_null_check.
 747     // Only set the heap base for compressed oops because it indicates
 748     // compressed oops for pstack code.
 749     if ((uint64_t)Universe::heap()->reserved_region().end() > UnscaledOopHeapMax) {
 750       // Didn't reserve heap below 4Gb.  Must shift.
 751       Universe::set_narrow_oop_shift(LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes);
 752     }
 753     if ((uint64_t)Universe::heap()->reserved_region().end() <= OopEncodingHeapMax) {
 754       // Did reserve heap below 32Gb. Can use base == 0;
 755       Universe::set_narrow_oop_base(0);
 756     }
 757     AOTLoader::set_narrow_oop_shift();
 758 
 759     Universe::set_narrow_ptrs_base(Universe::narrow_oop_base());
 760 
 761     LogTarget(Info, gc, heap, coops) lt;
 762     if (lt.is_enabled()) {
 763       ResourceMark rm;
 764       LogStream ls(lt);
 765       Universe::print_compressed_oops_mode(&ls);
 766     }
 767 
 768     // Tell tests in which mode we run.
 769     Arguments::PropertyList_add(new SystemProperty("java.vm.compressedOopsMode",
 770                                                    narrow_oop_mode_to_string(narrow_oop_mode()),
 771                                                    false));
 772   }
 773   // Universe::narrow_oop_base() is one page below the heap.
 774   assert((intptr_t)Universe::narrow_oop_base() <= (intptr_t)(Universe::heap()->base() -
 775          os::vm_page_size()) ||
 776          Universe::narrow_oop_base() == NULL, "invalid value");
 777   assert(Universe::narrow_oop_shift() == LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes ||
 778          Universe::narrow_oop_shift() == 0, "invalid value");
 779 #endif
 780 
 781   // We will never reach the CATCH below since Exceptions::_throw will cause
 782   // the VM to exit if an exception is thrown during initialization
 783 
 784   if (UseTLAB) {
 785     assert(Universe::heap()->supports_tlab_allocation(),
 786            "Should support thread-local allocation buffers");
 787     ThreadLocalAllocBuffer::startup_initialization();
 788   }
 789   return JNI_OK;
 790 }
 791 
 792 void Universe::print_compressed_oops_mode(outputStream* st) {
 793   st->print("Heap address: " PTR_FORMAT ", size: " SIZE_FORMAT " MB",
 794             p2i(Universe::heap()->base()), Universe::heap()->reserved_region().byte_size()/M);
 795 
 796   st->print(", Compressed Oops mode: %s", narrow_oop_mode_to_string(narrow_oop_mode()));
 797 
 798   if (Universe::narrow_oop_base() != 0) {
 799     st->print(": " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(Universe::narrow_oop_base()));
 800   }
 801 
 802   if (Universe::narrow_oop_shift() != 0) {
 803     st->print(", Oop shift amount: %d", Universe::narrow_oop_shift());
 804   }
 805 
 806   if (!Universe::narrow_oop_use_implicit_null_checks()) {
 807     st->print(", no protected page in front of the heap");
 808   }
 809   st->cr();
 810 }
 811 
 812 ReservedSpace Universe::reserve_heap(size_t heap_size, size_t alignment) {
 813 
 814   assert(alignment <= Arguments::conservative_max_heap_alignment(),
 815          "actual alignment " SIZE_FORMAT " must be within maximum heap alignment " SIZE_FORMAT,
 816          alignment, Arguments::conservative_max_heap_alignment());
 817 
 818   size_t total_reserved = align_up(heap_size, alignment);
 819   assert(!UseCompressedOops || (total_reserved <= (OopEncodingHeapMax - os::vm_page_size())),
 820       "heap size is too big for compressed oops");
 821 
 822   bool use_large_pages = UseLargePages && is_aligned(alignment, os::large_page_size());
 823   assert(!UseLargePages
 824       || UseParallelGC
 825       || use_large_pages, "Wrong alignment to use large pages");
 826 
 827   // Now create the space.
 828   ReservedHeapSpace total_rs(total_reserved, alignment, use_large_pages, AllocateHeapAt);
 829 
 830   if (total_rs.is_reserved()) {
 831     assert((total_reserved == total_rs.size()) && ((uintptr_t)total_rs.base() % alignment == 0),
 832            "must be exactly of required size and alignment");
 833     // We are good.
 834 
 835     if (UseCompressedOops) {
 836       // Universe::initialize_heap() will reset this to NULL if unscaled
 837       // or zero-based narrow oops are actually used.
 838       // Else heap start and base MUST differ, so that NULL can be encoded nonambigous.
 839       Universe::set_narrow_oop_base((address)total_rs.compressed_oop_base());
 840     }
 841 
 842     if (AllocateHeapAt != NULL) {
 843       log_info(gc,heap)("Successfully allocated Java heap at location %s", AllocateHeapAt);
 844     }
 845     return total_rs;
 846   }
 847 
 848   vm_exit_during_initialization(
 849     err_msg("Could not reserve enough space for " SIZE_FORMAT "KB object heap",
 850             total_reserved/K));
 851 
 852   // satisfy compiler
 853   ShouldNotReachHere();
 854   return ReservedHeapSpace(0, 0, false);
 855 }
 856 
 857 
 858 // It's the caller's responsibility to ensure glitch-freedom
 859 // (if required).
 860 void Universe::update_heap_info_at_gc() {
 861   _heap_capacity_at_last_gc = heap()->capacity();
 862   _heap_used_at_last_gc     = heap()->used();
 863 }
 864 
 865 
 866 const char* Universe::narrow_oop_mode_to_string(Universe::NARROW_OOP_MODE mode) {
 867   switch (mode) {
 868     case UnscaledNarrowOop:
 869       return "32-bit";
 870     case ZeroBasedNarrowOop:
 871       return "Zero based";
 872     case DisjointBaseNarrowOop:
 873       return "Non-zero disjoint base";
 874     case HeapBasedNarrowOop:
 875       return "Non-zero based";
 876     default:
 877       ShouldNotReachHere();
 878       return "";
 879   }
 880 }
 881 
 882 
 883 Universe::NARROW_OOP_MODE Universe::narrow_oop_mode() {
 884   if (narrow_oop_base_disjoint()) {
 885     return DisjointBaseNarrowOop;
 886   }
 887 
 888   if (narrow_oop_base() != 0) {
 889     return HeapBasedNarrowOop;
 890   }
 891 
 892   if (narrow_oop_shift() != 0) {
 893     return ZeroBasedNarrowOop;
 894   }
 895 
 896   return UnscaledNarrowOop;
 897 }
 898 
 899 void initialize_known_method(LatestMethodCache* method_cache,
 900                              InstanceKlass* ik,
 901                              const char* method,
 902                              Symbol* signature,
 903                              bool is_static, TRAPS)
 904 {
 905   TempNewSymbol name = SymbolTable::new_symbol(method, CHECK);
 906   Method* m = NULL;
 907   // The klass must be linked before looking up the method.
 908   if (!ik->link_class_or_fail(THREAD) ||
 909       ((m = ik->find_method(name, signature)) == NULL) ||
 910       is_static != m->is_static()) {
 911     ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
 912     // NoSuchMethodException doesn't actually work because it tries to run the
 913     // <init> function before java_lang_Class is linked. Print error and exit.
 914     vm_exit_during_initialization(err_msg("Unable to link/verify %s.%s method",
 915                                  ik->name()->as_C_string(), method));
 916   }
 917   method_cache->init(ik, m);
 918 }
 919 
 920 void Universe::initialize_known_methods(TRAPS) {
 921   // Set up static method for registering finalizers
 922   initialize_known_method(_finalizer_register_cache,
 923                           SystemDictionary::Finalizer_klass(),
 924                           "register",
 925                           vmSymbols::object_void_signature(), true, CHECK);
 926 
 927   initialize_known_method(_throw_illegal_access_error_cache,
 928                           SystemDictionary::internal_Unsafe_klass(),
 929                           "throwIllegalAccessError",
 930                           vmSymbols::void_method_signature(), true, CHECK);
 931 
 932   // Set up method for registering loaded classes in class loader vector
 933   initialize_known_method(_loader_addClass_cache,
 934                           SystemDictionary::ClassLoader_klass(),
 935                           "addClass",
 936                           vmSymbols::class_void_signature(), false, CHECK);
 937 
 938   // Set up method for checking protection domain
 939   initialize_known_method(_pd_implies_cache,
 940                           SystemDictionary::ProtectionDomain_klass(),
 941                           "impliesCreateAccessControlContext",
 942                           vmSymbols::void_boolean_signature(), false, CHECK);
 943 
 944   // Set up method for stack walking
 945   initialize_known_method(_do_stack_walk_cache,
 946                           SystemDictionary::AbstractStackWalker_klass(),
 947                           "doStackWalk",
 948                           vmSymbols::doStackWalk_signature(), false, CHECK);
 949 }
 950 
 951 void universe2_init() {
 952   EXCEPTION_MARK;
 953   Universe::genesis(CATCH);
 954 }
 955 
 956 // Set after initialization of the module runtime, call_initModuleRuntime
 957 void universe_post_module_init() {
 958   Universe::_module_initialized = true;
 959 }
 960 
 961 bool universe_post_init() {
 962   assert(!is_init_completed(), "Error: initialization not yet completed!");
 963   Universe::_fully_initialized = true;
 964   EXCEPTION_MARK;
 965   { ResourceMark rm;
 966     Interpreter::initialize();      // needed for interpreter entry points
 967     if (!UseSharedSpaces) {
 968       HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 969       Klass* ok = SystemDictionary::Object_klass();
 970       Universe::reinitialize_vtable_of(ok, CHECK_false);
 971       Universe::reinitialize_itables(CHECK_false);
 972     }
 973   }
 974 
 975   HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 976   // Setup preallocated empty java.lang.Class array
 977   Universe::_the_empty_class_klass_array = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Class_klass(), 0, CHECK_false);
 978 
 979   // Setup preallocated OutOfMemoryError errors
 980   Klass* k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError(), true, CHECK_false);
 981   InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(k);
 982   Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap = ik->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 983   Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace = ik->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 984   Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace = ik->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 985   Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size = ik->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 986   Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit =
 987     ik->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 988   Universe::_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects = ik->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 989   Universe::_out_of_memory_error_retry = ik->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 990 
 991   // Setup preallocated cause message for delayed StackOverflowError
 992   if (StackReservedPages > 0) {
 993     Universe::_delayed_stack_overflow_error_message =
 994       java_lang_String::create_oop_from_str("Delayed StackOverflowError due to ReservedStackAccess annotated method", CHECK_false);
 995   }
 996 
 997   // Setup preallocated NullPointerException
 998   // (this is currently used for a cheap & dirty solution in compiler exception handling)
 999   k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException(), true, CHECK_false);
1000   Universe::_null_ptr_exception_instance = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1001   // Setup preallocated ArithmeticException
1002   // (this is currently used for a cheap & dirty solution in compiler exception handling)
1003   k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_ArithmeticException(), true, CHECK_false);
1004   Universe::_arithmetic_exception_instance = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1005   // Virtual Machine Error for when we get into a situation we can't resolve
1006   k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(
1007     vmSymbols::java_lang_VirtualMachineError(), true, CHECK_false);
1008   bool linked = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->link_class_or_fail(CHECK_false);
1009   if (!linked) {
1010      tty->print_cr("Unable to link/verify VirtualMachineError class");
1011      return false; // initialization failed
1012   }
1013   Universe::_virtual_machine_error_instance =
1014     InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1015 
1016   Universe::_vm_exception = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1017 
1018   Handle msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Java heap space", CHECK_false);
1019   java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap, msg());
1020 
1021   msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Metaspace", CHECK_false);
1022   java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace, msg());
1023   msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Compressed class space", CHECK_false);
1024   java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace, msg());
1025 
1026   msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Requested array size exceeds VM limit", CHECK_false);
1027   java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size, msg());
1028 
1029   msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("GC overhead limit exceeded", CHECK_false);
1030   java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit, msg());
1031 
1032   msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Java heap space: failed reallocation of scalar replaced objects", CHECK_false);
1033   java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects, msg());
1034 
1035   msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Java heap space: failed retryable allocation", CHECK_false);
1036   java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_retry, msg());
1037 
1038   msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("/ by zero", CHECK_false);
1039   java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_arithmetic_exception_instance, msg());
1040 
1041   // Setup the array of errors that have preallocated backtrace
1042   k = Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap->klass();
1043   assert(k->name() == vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError(), "should be out of memory error");
1044   ik = InstanceKlass::cast(k);
1045 
1046   int len = (StackTraceInThrowable) ? (int)PreallocatedOutOfMemoryErrorCount : 0;
1047   Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array = oopFactory::new_objArray(ik, len, CHECK_false);
1048   for (int i=0; i<len; i++) {
1049     oop err = ik->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1050     Handle err_h = Handle(THREAD, err);
1051     java_lang_Throwable::allocate_backtrace(err_h, CHECK_false);
1052     Universe::preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at_put(i, err_h());
1053   }
1054   Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count = (jint)len;
1055 
1056   Universe::initialize_known_methods(CHECK_false);
1057 
1058   // This needs to be done before the first scavenge/gc, since
1059   // it's an input to soft ref clearing policy.
1060   {
1061     MutexLocker x(Heap_lock);
1062     Universe::update_heap_info_at_gc();
1063   }
1064 
1065   // ("weak") refs processing infrastructure initialization
1066   Universe::heap()->post_initialize();
1067 
1068   MemoryService::add_metaspace_memory_pools();
1069 
1070   MemoryService::set_universe_heap(Universe::heap());
1071 #if INCLUDE_CDS
1072   MetaspaceShared::post_initialize(CHECK_false);
1073 #endif
1074   return true;
1075 }
1076 
1077 
1078 void Universe::compute_base_vtable_size() {
1079   _base_vtable_size = ClassLoader::compute_Object_vtable();
1080 }
1081 
1082 void Universe::print_on(outputStream* st) {
1083   GCMutexLocker hl(Heap_lock); // Heap_lock might be locked by caller thread.
1084   st->print_cr("Heap");
1085   heap()->print_on(st);
1086 }
1087 
1088 void Universe::print_heap_at_SIGBREAK() {
1089   if (PrintHeapAtSIGBREAK) {
1090     print_on(tty);
1091     tty->cr();
1092     tty->flush();
1093   }
1094 }
1095 
1096 void Universe::print_heap_before_gc() {
1097   LogTarget(Debug, gc, heap) lt;
1098   if (lt.is_enabled()) {
1099     LogStream ls(lt);
1100     ls.print("Heap before GC invocations=%u (full %u):", heap()->total_collections(), heap()->total_full_collections());
1101     ResourceMark rm;
1102     heap()->print_on(&ls);
1103   }
1104 }
1105 
1106 void Universe::print_heap_after_gc() {
1107   LogTarget(Debug, gc, heap) lt;
1108   if (lt.is_enabled()) {
1109     LogStream ls(lt);
1110     ls.print("Heap after GC invocations=%u (full %u):", heap()->total_collections(), heap()->total_full_collections());
1111     ResourceMark rm;
1112     heap()->print_on(&ls);
1113   }
1114 }
1115 
1116 void Universe::initialize_verify_flags() {
1117   verify_flags = 0;
1118   const char delimiter[] = " ,";
1119 
1120   size_t length = strlen(VerifySubSet);
1121   char* subset_list = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, length + 1, mtInternal);
1122   strncpy(subset_list, VerifySubSet, length + 1);
1123 
1124   char* token = strtok(subset_list, delimiter);
1125   while (token != NULL) {
1126     if (strcmp(token, "threads") == 0) {
1127       verify_flags |= Verify_Threads;
1128     } else if (strcmp(token, "heap") == 0) {
1129       verify_flags |= Verify_Heap;
1130     } else if (strcmp(token, "symbol_table") == 0) {
1131       verify_flags |= Verify_SymbolTable;
1132     } else if (strcmp(token, "string_table") == 0) {
1133       verify_flags |= Verify_StringTable;
1134     } else if (strcmp(token, "codecache") == 0) {
1135       verify_flags |= Verify_CodeCache;
1136     } else if (strcmp(token, "dictionary") == 0) {
1137       verify_flags |= Verify_SystemDictionary;
1138     } else if (strcmp(token, "classloader_data_graph") == 0) {
1139       verify_flags |= Verify_ClassLoaderDataGraph;
1140     } else if (strcmp(token, "metaspace") == 0) {
1141       verify_flags |= Verify_MetaspaceUtils;
1142     } else if (strcmp(token, "jni_handles") == 0) {
1143       verify_flags |= Verify_JNIHandles;
1144     } else if (strcmp(token, "codecache_oops") == 0) {
1145       verify_flags |= Verify_CodeCacheOops;
1146     } else {
1147       vm_exit_during_initialization(err_msg("VerifySubSet: \'%s\' memory sub-system is unknown, please correct it", token));
1148     }
1149     token = strtok(NULL, delimiter);
1150   }
1151   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, subset_list);
1152 }
1153 
1154 bool Universe::should_verify_subset(uint subset) {
1155   if (verify_flags & subset) {
1156     return true;
1157   }
1158   return false;
1159 }
1160 
1161 void Universe::verify(VerifyOption option, const char* prefix) {
1162   // The use of _verify_in_progress is a temporary work around for
1163   // 6320749.  Don't bother with a creating a class to set and clear
1164   // it since it is only used in this method and the control flow is
1165   // straight forward.
1166   _verify_in_progress = true;
1167 
1168   COMPILER2_PRESENT(
1169     assert(!DerivedPointerTable::is_active(),
1170          "DPT should not be active during verification "
1171          "(of thread stacks below)");
1172   )
1173 
1174   ResourceMark rm;
1175   HandleMark hm;  // Handles created during verification can be zapped
1176   _verify_count++;
1177 
1178   FormatBuffer<> title("Verifying %s", prefix);
1179   GCTraceTime(Info, gc, verify) tm(title.buffer());
1180   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_Threads)) {
1181     log_debug(gc, verify)("Threads");
1182     Threads::verify();
1183   }
1184   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_Heap)) {
1185     log_debug(gc, verify)("Heap");
1186     heap()->verify(option);
1187   }
1188   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_SymbolTable)) {
1189     log_debug(gc, verify)("SymbolTable");
1190     SymbolTable::verify();
1191   }
1192   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_StringTable)) {
1193     log_debug(gc, verify)("StringTable");
1194     StringTable::verify();
1195   }
1196   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_CodeCache)) {
1197   {
1198     MutexLockerEx mu(CodeCache_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
1199     log_debug(gc, verify)("CodeCache");
1200     CodeCache::verify();
1201   }
1202   }
1203   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_SystemDictionary)) {
1204     log_debug(gc, verify)("SystemDictionary");
1205     SystemDictionary::verify();
1206   }
1207 #ifndef PRODUCT
1208   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_ClassLoaderDataGraph)) {
1209     log_debug(gc, verify)("ClassLoaderDataGraph");
1210     ClassLoaderDataGraph::verify();
1211   }
1212 #endif
1213   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_MetaspaceUtils)) {
1214     log_debug(gc, verify)("MetaspaceUtils");
1215     MetaspaceUtils::verify_free_chunks();
1216   }
1217   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_JNIHandles)) {
1218     log_debug(gc, verify)("JNIHandles");
1219     JNIHandles::verify();
1220   }
1221   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_CodeCacheOops)) {
1222     log_debug(gc, verify)("CodeCache Oops");
1223     CodeCache::verify_oops();
1224   }
1225 
1226   _verify_in_progress = false;
1227 }
1228 
1229 
1230 #ifndef PRODUCT
1231 void Universe::calculate_verify_data(HeapWord* low_boundary, HeapWord* high_boundary) {
1232   assert(low_boundary < high_boundary, "bad interval");
1233 
1234   // decide which low-order bits we require to be clear:
1235   size_t alignSize = MinObjAlignmentInBytes;
1236   size_t min_object_size = Fill::min_size();
1237 
1238   // make an inclusive limit:
1239   uintptr_t max = (uintptr_t)high_boundary - min_object_size*wordSize;
1240   uintptr_t min = (uintptr_t)low_boundary;
1241   assert(min < max, "bad interval");
1242   uintptr_t diff = max ^ min;
1243 
1244   // throw away enough low-order bits to make the diff vanish
1245   uintptr_t mask = (uintptr_t)(-1);
1246   while ((mask & diff) != 0)
1247     mask <<= 1;
1248   uintptr_t bits = (min & mask);
1249   assert(bits == (max & mask), "correct mask");
1250   // check an intermediate value between min and max, just to make sure:
1251   assert(bits == ((min + (max-min)/2) & mask), "correct mask");
1252 
1253   // require address alignment, too:
1254   mask |= (alignSize - 1);
1255 
1256   if (!(_verify_oop_mask == 0 && _verify_oop_bits == (uintptr_t)-1)) {
1257     assert(_verify_oop_mask == mask && _verify_oop_bits == bits, "mask stability");
1258   }
1259   _verify_oop_mask = mask;
1260   _verify_oop_bits = bits;
1261 }
1262 
1263 // Oop verification (see MacroAssembler::verify_oop)
1264 
1265 uintptr_t Universe::verify_oop_mask() {
1266   MemRegion m = heap()->reserved_region();
1267   calculate_verify_data(m.start(), m.end());
1268   return _verify_oop_mask;
1269 }
1270 
1271 uintptr_t Universe::verify_oop_bits() {
1272   MemRegion m = heap()->reserved_region();
1273   calculate_verify_data(m.start(), m.end());
1274   return _verify_oop_bits;
1275 }
1276 
1277 uintptr_t Universe::verify_mark_mask() {
1278   return markOopDesc::lock_mask_in_place;
1279 }
1280 
1281 uintptr_t Universe::verify_mark_bits() {
1282   intptr_t mask = verify_mark_mask();
1283   intptr_t bits = (intptr_t)markOopDesc::prototype();
1284   assert((bits & ~mask) == 0, "no stray header bits");
1285   return bits;
1286 }
1287 #endif // PRODUCT
1288 
1289 
1290 void Universe::compute_verify_oop_data() {
1291   verify_oop_mask();
1292   verify_oop_bits();
1293   verify_mark_mask();
1294   verify_mark_bits();
1295 }
1296 
1297 
1298 void LatestMethodCache::init(Klass* k, Method* m) {
1299   if (!UseSharedSpaces) {
1300     _klass = k;
1301   }
1302 #ifndef PRODUCT
1303   else {
1304     // sharing initilization should have already set up _klass
1305     assert(_klass != NULL, "just checking");
1306   }
1307 #endif
1308 
1309   _method_idnum = m->method_idnum();
1310   assert(_method_idnum >= 0, "sanity check");
1311 }
1312 
1313 
1314 Method* LatestMethodCache::get_method() {
1315   if (klass() == NULL) return NULL;
1316   InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(klass());
1317   Method* m = ik->method_with_idnum(method_idnum());
1318   assert(m != NULL, "sanity check");
1319   return m;
1320 }
1321 
1322 
1323 #ifdef ASSERT
1324 // Release dummy object(s) at bottom of heap
1325 bool Universe::release_fullgc_alot_dummy() {
1326   MutexLocker ml(FullGCALot_lock);
1327   if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_array != NULL) {
1328     if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_next >= _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->length()) {
1329       // No more dummies to release, release entire array instead
1330       _fullgc_alot_dummy_array = NULL;
1331       return false;
1332     }
1333     if (!UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
1334       // Release dummy at bottom of old generation
1335       _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->obj_at_put(_fullgc_alot_dummy_next++, NULL);
1336     }
1337     // Release dummy at bottom of permanent generation
1338     _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->obj_at_put(_fullgc_alot_dummy_next++, NULL);
1339   }
1340   return true;
1341 }
1342 
1343 #endif // ASSERT