1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2015, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  */
  23 
  24 #include "precompiled.hpp"
  25 #include "classfile/classLoaderDataGraph.hpp"
  26 #include "gc/z/zBarrier.inline.hpp"
  27 #include "gc/z/zMark.inline.hpp"
  28 #include "gc/z/zMarkCache.inline.hpp"
  29 #include "gc/z/zMarkStack.inline.hpp"
  30 #include "gc/z/zMarkTerminate.inline.hpp"
  31 #include "gc/z/zOopClosures.inline.hpp"
  32 #include "gc/z/zPage.hpp"
  33 #include "gc/z/zPageTable.inline.hpp"
  34 #include "gc/z/zRootsIterator.hpp"
  35 #include "gc/z/zStat.hpp"
  36 #include "gc/z/zTask.hpp"
  37 #include "gc/z/zThread.hpp"
  38 #include "gc/z/zThreadLocalAllocBuffer.hpp"
  39 #include "gc/z/zUtils.inline.hpp"
  40 #include "gc/z/zWorkers.inline.hpp"
  41 #include "logging/log.hpp"
  42 #include "memory/iterator.inline.hpp"
  43 #include "oops/objArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  44 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  45 #include "runtime/atomic.hpp"
  46 #include "runtime/handshake.hpp"
  47 #include "runtime/orderAccess.hpp"
  48 #include "runtime/prefetch.inline.hpp"
  49 #include "runtime/thread.hpp"
  50 #include "utilities/align.hpp"
  51 #include "utilities/globalDefinitions.hpp"
  52 #include "utilities/ticks.hpp"
  53 
  54 static const ZStatSubPhase ZSubPhaseConcurrentMark("Concurrent Mark");
  55 static const ZStatSubPhase ZSubPhaseConcurrentMarkTryFlush("Concurrent Mark Try Flush");
  56 static const ZStatSubPhase ZSubPhaseConcurrentMarkIdle("Concurrent Mark Idle");
  57 static const ZStatSubPhase ZSubPhaseConcurrentMarkTryTerminate("Concurrent Mark Try Terminate");
  58 static const ZStatSubPhase ZSubPhaseMarkTryComplete("Pause Mark Try Complete");
  59 
  60 ZMark::ZMark(ZWorkers* workers, ZPageTable* page_table) :
  61     _workers(workers),
  62     _page_table(page_table),
  63     _allocator(),
  64     _stripes(),
  65     _terminate(),
  66     _work_terminateflush(true),
  67     _work_nproactiveflush(0),
  68     _work_nterminateflush(0),
  69     _nproactiveflush(0),
  70     _nterminateflush(0),
  71     _ntrycomplete(0),
  72     _ncontinue(0),
  73     _nworkers(0) {}
  74 
  75 bool ZMark::is_initialized() const {
  76   return _allocator.is_initialized();
  77 }
  78 
  79 size_t ZMark::calculate_nstripes(uint nworkers) const {
  80   // Calculate the number of stripes from the number of workers we use,
  81   // where the number of stripes must be a power of two and we want to
  82   // have at least one worker per stripe.
  83   const size_t nstripes = ZUtils::round_down_power_of_2(nworkers);
  84   return MIN2(nstripes, ZMarkStripesMax);
  85 }
  86 
  87 void ZMark::prepare_mark() {
  88   // Increment global sequence number to invalidate
  89   // marking information for all pages.
  90   ZGlobalSeqNum++;
  91 
  92   // Reset flush/continue counters
  93   _nproactiveflush = 0;
  94   _nterminateflush = 0;
  95   _ntrycomplete = 0;
  96   _ncontinue = 0;
  97 
  98   // Set number of workers to use
  99   _nworkers = _workers->nconcurrent();
 100 
 101   // Set number of mark stripes to use, based on number
 102   // of workers we will use in the concurrent mark phase.
 103   const size_t nstripes = calculate_nstripes(_nworkers);
 104   _stripes.set_nstripes(nstripes);
 105 
 106   // Update statistics
 107   ZStatMark::set_at_mark_start(nstripes);
 108 
 109   // Print worker/stripe distribution
 110   LogTarget(Debug, gc, marking) log;
 111   if (log.is_enabled()) {
 112     log.print("Mark Worker/Stripe Distribution");
 113     for (uint worker_id = 0; worker_id < _nworkers; worker_id++) {
 114       const ZMarkStripe* const stripe = _stripes.stripe_for_worker(_nworkers, worker_id);
 115       const size_t stripe_id = _stripes.stripe_id(stripe);
 116       log.print("  Worker %u(%u) -> Stripe " SIZE_FORMAT "(" SIZE_FORMAT ")",
 117                 worker_id, _nworkers, stripe_id, nstripes);
 118     }
 119   }
 120 }
 121 
 122 class ZMarkRootsIteratorClosure : public ZRootsIteratorClosure {
 123 public:
 124   ZMarkRootsIteratorClosure() {
 125     ZThreadLocalAllocBuffer::reset_statistics();
 126   }
 127 
 128   ~ZMarkRootsIteratorClosure() {
 129     ZThreadLocalAllocBuffer::publish_statistics();
 130   }
 131 
 132   virtual void do_thread(Thread* thread) {
 133     // Update thread local address bad mask
 134     ZThreadLocalData::set_address_bad_mask(thread, ZAddressBadMask);
 135 
 136     // Retire TLAB
 137     ZThreadLocalAllocBuffer::retire(thread);
 138   }
 139 
 140   virtual void do_oop(oop* p) {
 141     ZBarrier::mark_barrier_on_root_oop_field(p);
 142   }
 143 
 144   virtual void do_oop(narrowOop* p) {
 145     ShouldNotReachHere();
 146   }
 147 };
 148 
 149 class ZMarkRootsTask : public ZTask {
 150 private:
 151   ZMark* const              _mark;
 152   ZRootsIterator            _roots;
 153   ZMarkRootsIteratorClosure _cl;
 154 
 155 public:
 156   ZMarkRootsTask(ZMark* mark) :
 157       ZTask("ZMarkRootsTask"),
 158       _mark(mark),
 159       _roots() {}
 160 
 161   virtual void work() {
 162     _roots.oops_do(&_cl);
 163 
 164     // Flush and free worker stacks. Needed here since
 165     // the set of workers executing during root scanning
 166     // can be different from the set of workers executing
 167     // during mark.
 168     _mark->flush_and_free();
 169   }
 170 };
 171 
 172 void ZMark::start() {
 173   // Verification
 174   if (ZVerifyMarking) {
 175     verify_all_stacks_empty();
 176   }
 177 
 178   // Prepare for concurrent mark
 179   prepare_mark();
 180 
 181   // Mark roots
 182   ZMarkRootsTask task(this);
 183   _workers->run_parallel(&task);
 184 }
 185 
 186 void ZMark::prepare_work() {
 187   assert(_nworkers == _workers->nconcurrent(), "Invalid number of workers");
 188 
 189   // Set number of active workers
 190   _terminate.reset(_nworkers);
 191 
 192   // Reset flush counters
 193   _work_nproactiveflush = _work_nterminateflush = 0;
 194   _work_terminateflush = true;
 195 }
 196 
 197 void ZMark::finish_work() {
 198   // Accumulate proactive/terminate flush counters
 199   _nproactiveflush += _work_nproactiveflush;
 200   _nterminateflush += _work_nterminateflush;
 201 }
 202 
 203 bool ZMark::is_array(uintptr_t addr) const {
 204   return ZOop::from_address(addr)->is_objArray();
 205 }
 206 
 207 void ZMark::push_partial_array(uintptr_t addr, size_t size, bool finalizable) {
 208   assert(is_aligned(addr, ZMarkPartialArrayMinSize), "Address misaligned");
 209   ZMarkThreadLocalStacks* const stacks = ZThreadLocalData::stacks(Thread::current());
 210   ZMarkStripe* const stripe = _stripes.stripe_for_addr(addr);
 211   const uintptr_t offset = ZAddress::offset(addr) >> ZMarkPartialArrayMinSizeShift;
 212   const uintptr_t length = size / oopSize;
 213   const ZMarkStackEntry entry(offset, length, finalizable);
 214 
 215   log_develop_trace(gc, marking)("Array push partial: " PTR_FORMAT " (" SIZE_FORMAT "), stripe: " SIZE_FORMAT,
 216                                  addr, size, _stripes.stripe_id(stripe));
 217 
 218   stacks->push(&_allocator, &_stripes, stripe, entry, false /* publish */);
 219 }
 220 
 221 void ZMark::follow_small_array(uintptr_t addr, size_t size, bool finalizable) {
 222   assert(size <= ZMarkPartialArrayMinSize, "Too large, should be split");
 223   const size_t length = size / oopSize;
 224 
 225   log_develop_trace(gc, marking)("Array follow small: " PTR_FORMAT " (" SIZE_FORMAT ")", addr, size);
 226 
 227   ZBarrier::mark_barrier_on_oop_array((oop*)addr, length, finalizable);
 228 }
 229 
 230 void ZMark::follow_large_array(uintptr_t addr, size_t size, bool finalizable) {
 231   assert(size <= (size_t)arrayOopDesc::max_array_length(T_OBJECT) * oopSize, "Too large");
 232   assert(size > ZMarkPartialArrayMinSize, "Too small, should not be split");
 233   const uintptr_t start = addr;
 234   const uintptr_t end = start + size;
 235 
 236   // Calculate the aligned middle start/end/size, where the middle start
 237   // should always be greater than the start (hence the +1 below) to make
 238   // sure we always do some follow work, not just split the array into pieces.
 239   const uintptr_t middle_start = align_up(start + 1, ZMarkPartialArrayMinSize);
 240   const size_t    middle_size = align_down(end - middle_start, ZMarkPartialArrayMinSize);
 241   const uintptr_t middle_end = middle_start + middle_size;
 242 
 243   log_develop_trace(gc, marking)("Array follow large: " PTR_FORMAT "-" PTR_FORMAT" (" SIZE_FORMAT "), "
 244                                  "middle: " PTR_FORMAT "-" PTR_FORMAT " (" SIZE_FORMAT ")",
 245                                  start, end, size, middle_start, middle_end, middle_size);
 246 
 247   // Push unaligned trailing part
 248   if (end > middle_end) {
 249     const uintptr_t trailing_addr = middle_end;
 250     const size_t trailing_size = end - middle_end;
 251     push_partial_array(trailing_addr, trailing_size, finalizable);
 252   }
 253 
 254   // Push aligned middle part(s)
 255   uintptr_t partial_addr = middle_end;
 256   while (partial_addr > middle_start) {
 257     const size_t parts = 2;
 258     const size_t partial_size = align_up((partial_addr - middle_start) / parts, ZMarkPartialArrayMinSize);
 259     partial_addr -= partial_size;
 260     push_partial_array(partial_addr, partial_size, finalizable);
 261   }
 262 
 263   // Follow leading part
 264   assert(start < middle_start, "Miscalculated middle start");
 265   const uintptr_t leading_addr = start;
 266   const size_t leading_size = middle_start - start;
 267   follow_small_array(leading_addr, leading_size, finalizable);
 268 }
 269 
 270 void ZMark::follow_array(uintptr_t addr, size_t size, bool finalizable) {
 271   if (size <= ZMarkPartialArrayMinSize) {
 272     follow_small_array(addr, size, finalizable);
 273   } else {
 274     follow_large_array(addr, size, finalizable);
 275   }
 276 }
 277 
 278 void ZMark::follow_partial_array(ZMarkStackEntry entry, bool finalizable) {
 279   const uintptr_t addr = ZAddress::good(entry.partial_array_offset() << ZMarkPartialArrayMinSizeShift);
 280   const size_t size = entry.partial_array_length() * oopSize;
 281 
 282   follow_array(addr, size, finalizable);
 283 }
 284 
 285 void ZMark::follow_array_object(objArrayOop obj, bool finalizable) {
 286   if (finalizable) {
 287     ZMarkBarrierOopClosure<true /* finalizable */> cl;
 288     cl.do_klass(obj->klass());
 289   } else {
 290     ZMarkBarrierOopClosure<false /* finalizable */> cl;
 291     cl.do_klass(obj->klass());
 292   }
 293 
 294   const uintptr_t addr = (uintptr_t)obj->base();
 295   const size_t size = (size_t)obj->length() * oopSize;
 296 
 297   follow_array(addr, size, finalizable);
 298 }
 299 
 300 void ZMark::follow_object(oop obj, bool finalizable) {
 301   if (finalizable) {
 302     ZMarkBarrierOopClosure<true /* finalizable */> cl;
 303     obj->oop_iterate(&cl);
 304   } else {
 305     ZMarkBarrierOopClosure<false /* finalizable */> cl;
 306     obj->oop_iterate(&cl);
 307   }
 308 }
 309 
 310 bool ZMark::try_mark_object(ZMarkCache* cache, uintptr_t addr, bool finalizable) {
 311   ZPage* const page = _page_table->get(addr);
 312   if (page->is_allocating()) {
 313     // Newly allocated objects are implicitly marked
 314     return false;
 315   }
 316 
 317   // Try mark object
 318   bool inc_live = false;
 319   const bool success = page->mark_object(addr, finalizable, inc_live);
 320   if (inc_live) {
 321     // Update live objects/bytes for page. We use the aligned object
 322     // size since that is the actual number of bytes used on the page
 323     // and alignment paddings can never be reclaimed.
 324     const size_t size = ZUtils::object_size(addr);
 325     const size_t aligned_size = align_up(size, page->object_alignment());
 326     cache->inc_live(page, aligned_size);
 327   }
 328 
 329   return success;
 330 }
 331 
 332 void ZMark::mark_and_follow(ZMarkCache* cache, ZMarkStackEntry entry) {
 333   // Decode flags
 334   const bool finalizable = entry.finalizable();
 335   const bool partial_array = entry.partial_array();
 336 
 337   if (partial_array) {
 338     follow_partial_array(entry, finalizable);
 339     return;
 340   }
 341 
 342   // Decode object address
 343   const uintptr_t addr = entry.object_address();
 344 
 345   if (!try_mark_object(cache, addr, finalizable)) {
 346     // Already marked
 347     return;
 348   }
 349 
 350   if (is_array(addr)) {
 351     follow_array_object(objArrayOop(ZOop::from_address(addr)), finalizable);
 352   } else {
 353     follow_object(ZOop::from_address(addr), finalizable);
 354   }
 355 }
 356 
 357 template <typename T>
 358 bool ZMark::drain(ZMarkStripe* stripe, ZMarkThreadLocalStacks* stacks, ZMarkCache* cache, T* timeout) {
 359   ZMarkStackEntry entry;
 360 
 361   // Drain stripe stacks
 362   while (stacks->pop(&_allocator, &_stripes, stripe, entry)) {
 363     mark_and_follow(cache, entry);
 364 
 365     // Check timeout
 366     if (timeout->has_expired()) {
 367       // Timeout
 368       return false;
 369     }
 370   }
 371 
 372   // Success
 373   return true;
 374 }
 375 
 376 template <typename T>
 377 bool ZMark::drain_and_flush(ZMarkStripe* stripe, ZMarkThreadLocalStacks* stacks, ZMarkCache* cache, T* timeout) {
 378   const bool success = drain(stripe, stacks, cache, timeout);
 379 
 380   // Flush and publish worker stacks
 381   stacks->flush(&_allocator, &_stripes);
 382 
 383   return success;
 384 }
 385 
 386 bool ZMark::try_steal(ZMarkStripe* stripe, ZMarkThreadLocalStacks* stacks) {
 387   // Try to steal a stack from another stripe
 388   for (ZMarkStripe* victim_stripe = _stripes.stripe_next(stripe);
 389        victim_stripe != stripe;
 390        victim_stripe = _stripes.stripe_next(victim_stripe)) {
 391     ZMarkStack* const stack = victim_stripe->steal_stack();
 392     if (stack != NULL) {
 393       // Success, install the stolen stack
 394       stacks->install(&_stripes, stripe, stack);
 395       return true;
 396     }
 397   }
 398 
 399   // Nothing to steal
 400   return false;
 401 }
 402 
 403 void ZMark::idle() const {
 404   ZStatTimer timer(ZSubPhaseConcurrentMarkIdle);
 405   os::naked_short_sleep(1);
 406 }
 407 
 408 class ZMarkFlushAndFreeStacksClosure : public ThreadClosure {
 409 private:
 410   ZMark* const _mark;
 411   bool         _flushed;
 412 
 413 public:
 414   ZMarkFlushAndFreeStacksClosure(ZMark* mark) :
 415       _mark(mark),
 416       _flushed(false) {}
 417 
 418   void do_thread(Thread* thread) {
 419     if (_mark->flush_and_free(thread)) {
 420       _flushed = true;
 421     }
 422   }
 423 
 424   bool flushed() const {
 425     return _flushed;
 426   }
 427 };
 428 
 429 bool ZMark::flush(bool at_safepoint) {
 430   ZMarkFlushAndFreeStacksClosure cl(this);
 431   if (at_safepoint) {
 432     Threads::threads_do(&cl);
 433   } else {
 434     Handshake::execute(&cl);
 435   }
 436 
 437   // Returns true if more work is available
 438   return cl.flushed() || !_stripes.is_empty();
 439 }
 440 
 441 bool ZMark::try_flush(volatile size_t* nflush) {
 442   // Only flush if handshakes are enabled
 443   if (!ThreadLocalHandshakes) {
 444     return false;
 445   }
 446 
 447   Atomic::inc(nflush);
 448 
 449   ZStatTimer timer(ZSubPhaseConcurrentMarkTryFlush);
 450   return flush(false /* at_safepoint */);
 451 }
 452 
 453 bool ZMark::try_proactive_flush() {
 454   // Only do proactive flushes from worker 0
 455   if (ZThread::worker_id() != 0) {
 456     return false;
 457   }
 458 
 459   if (Atomic::load(&_work_nproactiveflush) == ZMarkProactiveFlushMax ||
 460       Atomic::load(&_work_nterminateflush) != 0) {
 461     // Limit reached or we're trying to terminate
 462     return false;
 463   }
 464 
 465   return try_flush(&_work_nproactiveflush);
 466 }
 467 
 468 bool ZMark::try_terminate() {
 469   ZStatTimer timer(ZSubPhaseConcurrentMarkTryTerminate);
 470 
 471   if (_terminate.enter_stage0()) {
 472     // Last thread entered stage 0, flush
 473     if (Atomic::load(&_work_terminateflush) &&
 474         Atomic::load(&_work_nterminateflush) != ZMarkTerminateFlushMax) {
 475       // Exit stage 0 to allow other threads to continue marking
 476       _terminate.exit_stage0();
 477 
 478       // Flush before termination
 479       if (!try_flush(&_work_nterminateflush)) {
 480         // No more work available, skip further flush attempts
 481         Atomic::store(false, &_work_terminateflush);
 482       }
 483 
 484       // Don't terminate, regardless of whether we successfully
 485       // flushed out more work or not. We've already exited
 486       // termination stage 0, to allow other threads to continue
 487       // marking, so this thread has to return false and also
 488       // make another round of attempted marking.
 489       return false;
 490     }
 491   }
 492 
 493   for (;;) {
 494     if (_terminate.enter_stage1()) {
 495       // Last thread entered stage 1, terminate
 496       return true;
 497     }
 498 
 499     // Idle to give the other threads
 500     // a chance to enter termination.
 501     idle();
 502 
 503     if (!_terminate.try_exit_stage1()) {
 504       // All workers in stage 1, terminate
 505       return true;
 506     }
 507 
 508     if (_terminate.try_exit_stage0()) {
 509       // More work available, don't terminate
 510       return false;
 511     }
 512   }
 513 }
 514 
 515 class ZMarkNoTimeout : public StackObj {
 516 public:
 517   bool has_expired() {
 518     return false;
 519   }
 520 };
 521 
 522 void ZMark::work_without_timeout(ZMarkCache* cache, ZMarkStripe* stripe, ZMarkThreadLocalStacks* stacks) {
 523   ZStatTimer timer(ZSubPhaseConcurrentMark);
 524   ZMarkNoTimeout no_timeout;
 525 
 526   for (;;) {
 527     drain_and_flush(stripe, stacks, cache, &no_timeout);
 528 
 529     if (try_steal(stripe, stacks)) {
 530       // Stole work
 531       continue;
 532     }
 533 
 534     if (try_proactive_flush()) {
 535       // Work available
 536       continue;
 537     }
 538 
 539     if (try_terminate()) {
 540       // Terminate
 541       break;
 542     }
 543   }
 544 }
 545 
 546 class ZMarkTimeout : public StackObj {
 547 private:
 548   const Ticks    _start;
 549   const uint64_t _timeout;
 550   const uint64_t _check_interval;
 551   uint64_t       _check_at;
 552   uint64_t       _check_count;
 553   bool           _expired;
 554 
 555 public:
 556   ZMarkTimeout(uint64_t timeout_in_millis) :
 557       _start(Ticks::now()),
 558       _timeout(_start.value() + TimeHelper::millis_to_counter(timeout_in_millis)),
 559       _check_interval(200),
 560       _check_at(_check_interval),
 561       _check_count(0),
 562       _expired(false) {}
 563 
 564   ~ZMarkTimeout() {
 565     const Tickspan duration = Ticks::now() - _start;
 566     log_debug(gc, marking)("Mark With Timeout (%s): %s, " UINT64_FORMAT " oops, %.3fms",
 567                            ZThread::name(), _expired ? "Expired" : "Completed",
 568                            _check_count, TimeHelper::counter_to_millis(duration.value()));
 569   }
 570 
 571   bool has_expired() {
 572     if (++_check_count == _check_at) {
 573       _check_at += _check_interval;
 574       if ((uint64_t)Ticks::now().value() >= _timeout) {
 575         // Timeout
 576         _expired = true;
 577       }
 578     }
 579 
 580     return _expired;
 581   }
 582 };
 583 
 584 void ZMark::work_with_timeout(ZMarkCache* cache, ZMarkStripe* stripe, ZMarkThreadLocalStacks* stacks, uint64_t timeout_in_millis) {
 585   ZStatTimer timer(ZSubPhaseMarkTryComplete);
 586   ZMarkTimeout timeout(timeout_in_millis);
 587 
 588   for (;;) {
 589     if (!drain_and_flush(stripe, stacks, cache, &timeout)) {
 590       // Timed out
 591       break;
 592     }
 593 
 594     if (try_steal(stripe, stacks)) {
 595       // Stole work
 596       continue;
 597     }
 598 
 599     // Terminate
 600     break;
 601   }
 602 }
 603 
 604 void ZMark::work(uint64_t timeout_in_millis) {
 605   ZMarkCache cache(_stripes.nstripes());
 606   ZMarkStripe* const stripe = _stripes.stripe_for_worker(_nworkers, ZThread::worker_id());
 607   ZMarkThreadLocalStacks* const stacks = ZThreadLocalData::stacks(Thread::current());
 608 
 609   if (timeout_in_millis == 0) {
 610     work_without_timeout(&cache, stripe, stacks);
 611   } else {
 612     work_with_timeout(&cache, stripe, stacks, timeout_in_millis);
 613   }
 614 
 615   // Make sure stacks have been flushed
 616   assert(stacks->is_empty(&_stripes), "Should be empty");
 617 
 618   // Free remaining stacks
 619   stacks->free(&_allocator);
 620 }
 621 
 622 class ZMarkConcurrentRootsIteratorClosure : public ZRootsIteratorClosure {
 623 public:
 624   virtual void do_oop(oop* p) {
 625     ZBarrier::mark_barrier_on_oop_field(p, false /* finalizable */);
 626   }
 627 
 628   virtual void do_oop(narrowOop* p) {
 629     ShouldNotReachHere();
 630   }
 631 };
 632 
 633 
 634 class ZMarkConcurrentRootsTask : public ZTask {
 635 private:
 636   SuspendibleThreadSetJoiner          _sts_joiner;
 637   ZConcurrentRootsIterator            _roots;
 638   ZMarkConcurrentRootsIteratorClosure _cl;
 639 
 640 public:
 641   ZMarkConcurrentRootsTask(ZMark* mark) :
 642       ZTask("ZMarkConcurrentRootsTask"),
 643       _sts_joiner(true /* active */),
 644       _roots(ClassLoaderData::_claim_strong),
 645       _cl() {
 646     ClassLoaderDataGraph_lock->lock();
 647     ClassLoaderDataGraph::clear_claimed_marks();
 648   }
 649 
 650   ~ZMarkConcurrentRootsTask() {
 651     ClassLoaderDataGraph_lock->unlock();
 652   }
 653 
 654   virtual void work() {
 655     _roots.oops_do(&_cl);
 656   }
 657 };
 658 
 659 class ZMarkTask : public ZTask {
 660 private:
 661   ZMark* const   _mark;
 662   const uint64_t _timeout_in_millis;
 663 
 664 public:
 665   ZMarkTask(ZMark* mark, uint64_t timeout_in_millis = 0) :
 666       ZTask("ZMarkTask"),
 667       _mark(mark),
 668       _timeout_in_millis(timeout_in_millis) {
 669     _mark->prepare_work();
 670   }
 671 
 672   ~ZMarkTask() {
 673     _mark->finish_work();
 674   }
 675 
 676   virtual void work() {
 677     _mark->work(_timeout_in_millis);
 678   }
 679 };
 680 
 681 void ZMark::mark(bool initial) {
 682   if (initial) {
 683     ZMarkConcurrentRootsTask task(this);
 684     _workers->run_concurrent(&task);
 685   }
 686 
 687   ZMarkTask task(this);
 688   _workers->run_concurrent(&task);
 689 }
 690 
 691 bool ZMark::try_complete() {
 692   _ntrycomplete++;
 693 
 694   // Use nconcurrent number of worker threads to maintain the
 695   // worker/stripe distribution used during concurrent mark.
 696   ZMarkTask task(this, ZMarkCompleteTimeout);
 697   _workers->run_concurrent(&task);
 698 
 699   // Successful if all stripes are empty
 700   return _stripes.is_empty();
 701 }
 702 
 703 bool ZMark::try_end() {
 704   // Flush all mark stacks
 705   if (!flush(true /* at_safepoint */)) {
 706     // Mark completed
 707     return true;
 708   }
 709 
 710   // Try complete marking by doing a limited
 711   // amount of mark work in this phase.
 712   return try_complete();
 713 }
 714 
 715 bool ZMark::end() {
 716   // Try end marking
 717   if (!try_end()) {
 718     // Mark not completed
 719     _ncontinue++;
 720     return false;
 721   }
 722 
 723   // Verification
 724   if (ZVerifyMarking) {
 725     verify_all_stacks_empty();
 726   }
 727 
 728   // Update statistics
 729   ZStatMark::set_at_mark_end(_nproactiveflush, _nterminateflush, _ntrycomplete, _ncontinue);
 730 
 731   // Mark completed
 732   return true;
 733 }
 734 
 735 void ZMark::flush_and_free() {
 736   Thread* const thread = Thread::current();
 737   flush_and_free(thread);
 738 }
 739 
 740 bool ZMark::flush_and_free(Thread* thread) {
 741   ZMarkThreadLocalStacks* const stacks = ZThreadLocalData::stacks(thread);
 742   const bool flushed = stacks->flush(&_allocator, &_stripes);
 743   stacks->free(&_allocator);
 744   return flushed;
 745 }
 746 
 747 class ZVerifyMarkStacksEmptyClosure : public ThreadClosure {
 748 private:
 749   const ZMarkStripeSet* const _stripes;
 750 
 751 public:
 752   ZVerifyMarkStacksEmptyClosure(const ZMarkStripeSet* stripes) :
 753       _stripes(stripes) {}
 754 
 755   void do_thread(Thread* thread) {
 756     ZMarkThreadLocalStacks* const stacks = ZThreadLocalData::stacks(thread);
 757     guarantee(stacks->is_empty(_stripes), "Should be empty");
 758   }
 759 };
 760 
 761 void ZMark::verify_all_stacks_empty() const {
 762   // Verify thread stacks
 763   ZVerifyMarkStacksEmptyClosure cl(&_stripes);
 764   Threads::threads_do(&cl);
 765 
 766   // Verify stripe stacks
 767   guarantee(_stripes.is_empty(), "Should be empty");
 768 }