1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "precompiled.hpp"
  26 #include "jvm.h"
  27 #include "classfile/javaClasses.inline.hpp"
  28 #include "classfile/moduleEntry.hpp"
  29 #include "classfile/packageEntry.hpp"
  30 #include "classfile/stringTable.hpp"
  31 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
  32 #include "classfile/verifier.hpp"
  33 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
  34 #include "interpreter/linkResolver.hpp"
  35 #include "logging/log.hpp"
  36 #include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"
  37 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
  38 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
  39 #include "oops/instanceKlass.hpp"
  40 #include "oops/objArrayKlass.hpp"
  41 #include "oops/objArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  42 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  43 #include "oops/typeArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  44 #include "prims/jvmtiExport.hpp"
  45 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
  46 #include "runtime/fieldDescriptor.inline.hpp"
  47 #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
  48 #include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"
  49 #include "runtime/mutexLocker.inline.hpp"
  50 #include "runtime/reflection.hpp"
  51 #include "runtime/reflectionUtils.hpp"
  52 #include "runtime/signature.hpp"
  53 #include "runtime/thread.inline.hpp"
  54 #include "runtime/vframe.inline.hpp"
  55 
  56 static void trace_class_resolution(const Klass* to_class) {
  57   ResourceMark rm;
  58   int line_number = -1;
  59   const char * source_file = NULL;
  60   Klass* caller = NULL;
  61   JavaThread* jthread = JavaThread::current();
  62   if (jthread->has_last_Java_frame()) {
  63     vframeStream vfst(jthread);
  64     // skip over any frames belonging to java.lang.Class
  65     while (!vfst.at_end() &&
  66            vfst.method()->method_holder()->name() == vmSymbols::java_lang_Class()) {
  67       vfst.next();
  68     }
  69     if (!vfst.at_end()) {
  70       // this frame is a likely suspect
  71       caller = vfst.method()->method_holder();
  72       line_number = vfst.method()->line_number_from_bci(vfst.bci());
  73       Symbol* s = vfst.method()->method_holder()->source_file_name();
  74       if (s != NULL) {
  75         source_file = s->as_C_string();
  76       }
  77     }
  78   }
  79   if (caller != NULL) {
  80     const char * from = caller->external_name();
  81     const char * to = to_class->external_name();
  82     // print in a single call to reduce interleaving between threads
  83     if (source_file != NULL) {
  84       log_debug(class, resolve)("%s %s %s:%d (reflection)", from, to, source_file, line_number);
  85     } else {
  86       log_debug(class, resolve)("%s %s (reflection)", from, to);
  87     }
  88   }
  89 }
  90 
  91 
  92 oop Reflection::box(jvalue* value, BasicType type, TRAPS) {
  93   if (type == T_VOID) {
  94     return NULL;
  95   }
  96   if (is_reference_type(type)) {
  97     // regular objects are not boxed
  98     return (oop) value->l;
  99   }
 100   oop result = java_lang_boxing_object::create(type, value, CHECK_NULL);
 101   if (result == NULL) {
 102     THROW_(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), result);
 103   }
 104   return result;
 105 }
 106 
 107 
 108 BasicType Reflection::unbox_for_primitive(oop box, jvalue* value, TRAPS) {
 109   if (box == NULL) {
 110     THROW_(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), T_ILLEGAL);
 111   }
 112   return java_lang_boxing_object::get_value(box, value);
 113 }
 114 
 115 BasicType Reflection::unbox_for_regular_object(oop box, jvalue* value) {
 116   // Note:  box is really the unboxed oop.  It might even be a Short, etc.!
 117   value->l = (jobject) box;
 118   return T_OBJECT;
 119 }
 120 
 121 
 122 void Reflection::widen(jvalue* value, BasicType current_type, BasicType wide_type, TRAPS) {
 123   assert(wide_type != current_type, "widen should not be called with identical types");
 124   switch (wide_type) {
 125     case T_BOOLEAN:
 126     case T_BYTE:
 127     case T_CHAR:
 128       break;  // fail
 129     case T_SHORT:
 130       switch (current_type) {
 131         case T_BYTE:
 132           value->s = (jshort) value->b;
 133           return;
 134         default:
 135           break;
 136       }
 137       break;  // fail
 138     case T_INT:
 139       switch (current_type) {
 140         case T_BYTE:
 141           value->i = (jint) value->b;
 142           return;
 143         case T_CHAR:
 144           value->i = (jint) value->c;
 145           return;
 146         case T_SHORT:
 147           value->i = (jint) value->s;
 148           return;
 149         default:
 150           break;
 151       }
 152       break;  // fail
 153     case T_LONG:
 154       switch (current_type) {
 155         case T_BYTE:
 156           value->j = (jlong) value->b;
 157           return;
 158         case T_CHAR:
 159           value->j = (jlong) value->c;
 160           return;
 161         case T_SHORT:
 162           value->j = (jlong) value->s;
 163           return;
 164         case T_INT:
 165           value->j = (jlong) value->i;
 166           return;
 167         default:
 168           break;
 169       }
 170       break;  // fail
 171     case T_FLOAT:
 172       switch (current_type) {
 173         case T_BYTE:
 174           value->f = (jfloat) value->b;
 175           return;
 176         case T_CHAR:
 177           value->f = (jfloat) value->c;
 178           return;
 179         case T_SHORT:
 180           value->f = (jfloat) value->s;
 181           return;
 182         case T_INT:
 183           value->f = (jfloat) value->i;
 184           return;
 185         case T_LONG:
 186           value->f = (jfloat) value->j;
 187           return;
 188         default:
 189           break;
 190       }
 191       break;  // fail
 192     case T_DOUBLE:
 193       switch (current_type) {
 194         case T_BYTE:
 195           value->d = (jdouble) value->b;
 196           return;
 197         case T_CHAR:
 198           value->d = (jdouble) value->c;
 199           return;
 200         case T_SHORT:
 201           value->d = (jdouble) value->s;
 202           return;
 203         case T_INT:
 204           value->d = (jdouble) value->i;
 205           return;
 206         case T_FLOAT:
 207           value->d = (jdouble) value->f;
 208           return;
 209         case T_LONG:
 210           value->d = (jdouble) value->j;
 211           return;
 212         default:
 213           break;
 214       }
 215       break;  // fail
 216     default:
 217       break;  // fail
 218   }
 219   THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), "argument type mismatch");
 220 }
 221 
 222 
 223 BasicType Reflection::array_get(jvalue* value, arrayOop a, int index, TRAPS) {
 224   if (!a->is_within_bounds(index)) {
 225     THROW_(vmSymbols::java_lang_ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(), T_ILLEGAL);
 226   }
 227   if (a->is_objArray()) {
 228     value->l = (jobject) objArrayOop(a)->obj_at(index);
 229     return T_OBJECT;
 230   } else {
 231     assert(a->is_typeArray(), "just checking");
 232     BasicType type = TypeArrayKlass::cast(a->klass())->element_type();
 233     switch (type) {
 234       case T_BOOLEAN:
 235         value->z = typeArrayOop(a)->bool_at(index);
 236         break;
 237       case T_CHAR:
 238         value->c = typeArrayOop(a)->char_at(index);
 239         break;
 240       case T_FLOAT:
 241         value->f = typeArrayOop(a)->float_at(index);
 242         break;
 243       case T_DOUBLE:
 244         value->d = typeArrayOop(a)->double_at(index);
 245         break;
 246       case T_BYTE:
 247         value->b = typeArrayOop(a)->byte_at(index);
 248         break;
 249       case T_SHORT:
 250         value->s = typeArrayOop(a)->short_at(index);
 251         break;
 252       case T_INT:
 253         value->i = typeArrayOop(a)->int_at(index);
 254         break;
 255       case T_LONG:
 256         value->j = typeArrayOop(a)->long_at(index);
 257         break;
 258       default:
 259         return T_ILLEGAL;
 260     }
 261     return type;
 262   }
 263 }
 264 
 265 
 266 void Reflection::array_set(jvalue* value, arrayOop a, int index, BasicType value_type, TRAPS) {
 267   if (!a->is_within_bounds(index)) {
 268     THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException());
 269   }
 270   if (a->is_objArray()) {
 271     if (value_type == T_OBJECT) {
 272       oop obj = (oop) value->l;
 273       if (obj != NULL) {
 274         Klass* element_klass = ObjArrayKlass::cast(a->klass())->element_klass();
 275         if (!obj->is_a(element_klass)) {
 276           THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), "array element type mismatch");
 277         }
 278       }
 279       objArrayOop(a)->obj_at_put(index, obj);
 280     }
 281   } else {
 282     assert(a->is_typeArray(), "just checking");
 283     BasicType array_type = TypeArrayKlass::cast(a->klass())->element_type();
 284     if (array_type != value_type) {
 285       // The widen operation can potentially throw an exception, but cannot block,
 286       // so typeArrayOop a is safe if the call succeeds.
 287       widen(value, value_type, array_type, CHECK);
 288     }
 289     switch (array_type) {
 290       case T_BOOLEAN:
 291         typeArrayOop(a)->bool_at_put(index, value->z);
 292         break;
 293       case T_CHAR:
 294         typeArrayOop(a)->char_at_put(index, value->c);
 295         break;
 296       case T_FLOAT:
 297         typeArrayOop(a)->float_at_put(index, value->f);
 298         break;
 299       case T_DOUBLE:
 300         typeArrayOop(a)->double_at_put(index, value->d);
 301         break;
 302       case T_BYTE:
 303         typeArrayOop(a)->byte_at_put(index, value->b);
 304         break;
 305       case T_SHORT:
 306         typeArrayOop(a)->short_at_put(index, value->s);
 307         break;
 308       case T_INT:
 309         typeArrayOop(a)->int_at_put(index, value->i);
 310         break;
 311       case T_LONG:
 312         typeArrayOop(a)->long_at_put(index, value->j);
 313         break;
 314       default:
 315         THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException());
 316     }
 317   }
 318 }
 319 
 320 static Klass* basic_type_mirror_to_arrayklass(oop basic_type_mirror, TRAPS) {
 321   assert(java_lang_Class::is_primitive(basic_type_mirror), "just checking");
 322   BasicType type = java_lang_Class::primitive_type(basic_type_mirror);
 323   if (type == T_VOID) {
 324     THROW_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException());
 325   }
 326   else {
 327     return Universe::typeArrayKlassObj(type);
 328   }
 329 }
 330 
 331 arrayOop Reflection::reflect_new_array(oop element_mirror, jint length, TRAPS) {
 332   if (element_mirror == NULL) {
 333     THROW_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException());
 334   }
 335   if (length < 0) {
 336     THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_NegativeArraySizeException(), err_msg("%d", length));
 337   }
 338   if (java_lang_Class::is_primitive(element_mirror)) {
 339     Klass* tak = basic_type_mirror_to_arrayklass(element_mirror, CHECK_NULL);
 340     return TypeArrayKlass::cast(tak)->allocate(length, THREAD);
 341   } else {
 342     Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(element_mirror);
 343     if (k->is_array_klass() && ArrayKlass::cast(k)->dimension() >= MAX_DIM) {
 344       THROW_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException());
 345     }
 346     return oopFactory::new_objArray(k, length, THREAD);
 347   }
 348 }
 349 
 350 
 351 arrayOop Reflection::reflect_new_multi_array(oop element_mirror, typeArrayOop dim_array, TRAPS) {
 352   assert(dim_array->is_typeArray(), "just checking");
 353   assert(TypeArrayKlass::cast(dim_array->klass())->element_type() == T_INT, "just checking");
 354 
 355   if (element_mirror == NULL) {
 356     THROW_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException());
 357   }
 358 
 359   int len = dim_array->length();
 360   if (len <= 0 || len > MAX_DIM) {
 361     THROW_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException());
 362   }
 363 
 364   jint dimensions[MAX_DIM];   // C array copy of intArrayOop
 365   for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
 366     int d = dim_array->int_at(i);
 367     if (d < 0) {
 368       THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_NegativeArraySizeException(), err_msg("%d", d));
 369     }
 370     dimensions[i] = d;
 371   }
 372 
 373   Klass* klass;
 374   int dim = len;
 375   if (java_lang_Class::is_primitive(element_mirror)) {
 376     klass = basic_type_mirror_to_arrayklass(element_mirror, CHECK_NULL);
 377   } else {
 378     klass = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(element_mirror);
 379     if (klass->is_array_klass()) {
 380       int k_dim = ArrayKlass::cast(klass)->dimension();
 381       if (k_dim + len > MAX_DIM) {
 382         THROW_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException());
 383       }
 384       dim += k_dim;
 385     }
 386   }
 387   klass = klass->array_klass(dim, CHECK_NULL);
 388   oop obj = ArrayKlass::cast(klass)->multi_allocate(len, dimensions, CHECK_NULL);
 389   assert(obj->is_array(), "just checking");
 390   return arrayOop(obj);
 391 }
 392 
 393 
 394 static bool under_unsafe_anonymous_host(const InstanceKlass* ik, const InstanceKlass* unsafe_anonymous_host) {
 395   DEBUG_ONLY(int inf_loop_check = 1000 * 1000 * 1000);
 396   for (;;) {
 397     const InstanceKlass* hc = ik->unsafe_anonymous_host();
 398     if (hc == NULL)        return false;
 399     if (hc == unsafe_anonymous_host)  return true;
 400     ik = hc;
 401 
 402     // There's no way to make a host class loop short of patching memory.
 403     // Therefore there cannot be a loop here unless there's another bug.
 404     // Still, let's check for it.
 405     assert(--inf_loop_check > 0, "no unsafe_anonymous_host loop");
 406   }
 407 }
 408 
 409 static bool can_relax_access_check_for(const Klass* accessor,
 410                                        const Klass* accessee,
 411                                        bool classloader_only) {
 412 
 413   const InstanceKlass* accessor_ik = InstanceKlass::cast(accessor);
 414   const InstanceKlass* accessee_ik = InstanceKlass::cast(accessee);
 415 
 416   // If either is on the other's unsafe_anonymous_host chain, access is OK,
 417   // because one is inside the other.
 418   if (under_unsafe_anonymous_host(accessor_ik, accessee_ik) ||
 419     under_unsafe_anonymous_host(accessee_ik, accessor_ik))
 420     return true;
 421 
 422   if (RelaxAccessControlCheck &&
 423     accessor_ik->major_version() < Verifier::NO_RELAX_ACCESS_CTRL_CHECK_VERSION &&
 424     accessee_ik->major_version() < Verifier::NO_RELAX_ACCESS_CTRL_CHECK_VERSION) {
 425     return classloader_only &&
 426       Verifier::relax_access_for(accessor_ik->class_loader()) &&
 427       accessor_ik->protection_domain() == accessee_ik->protection_domain() &&
 428       accessor_ik->class_loader() == accessee_ik->class_loader();
 429   }
 430 
 431   return false;
 432 }
 433 
 434 /*
 435     Type Accessibility check for public types: Callee Type T is accessible to Caller Type S if:
 436 
 437                         Callee T in             Callee T in package PT,
 438                         unnamed module          runtime module MT
 439  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 440 
 441  Caller S in package     If MS is loose: YES      If same classloader/package (PS == PT): YES
 442  PS, runtime module MS   If MS can read T's       If same runtime module: (MS == MT): YES
 443                          unnamed module: YES
 444                                                   Else if (MS can read MT (establish readability) &&
 445                                                     ((MT exports PT to MS or to all modules) ||
 446                                                      (MT is open))): YES
 447 
 448  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 449  Caller S in unnamed         YES                  Readability exists because unnamed module
 450  module UM                                            "reads" all modules
 451                                                   if (MT exports PT to UM or to all modules): YES
 452 
 453  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 454 
 455  Note: a loose module is a module that can read all current and future unnamed modules.
 456 */
 457 Reflection::VerifyClassAccessResults Reflection::verify_class_access(
 458   const Klass* current_class, const InstanceKlass* new_class, bool classloader_only) {
 459 
 460   // Verify that current_class can access new_class.  If the classloader_only
 461   // flag is set, we automatically allow any accesses in which current_class
 462   // doesn't have a classloader.
 463   if ((current_class == NULL) ||
 464       (current_class == new_class) ||
 465       is_same_class_package(current_class, new_class)) {
 466     return ACCESS_OK;
 467   }
 468   // Allow all accesses from jdk/internal/reflect/MagicAccessorImpl subclasses to
 469   // succeed trivially.
 470   if (SystemDictionary::reflect_MagicAccessorImpl_klass_is_loaded() &&
 471       current_class->is_subclass_of(SystemDictionary::reflect_MagicAccessorImpl_klass())) {
 472     return ACCESS_OK;
 473   }
 474 
 475   // module boundaries
 476   if (new_class->is_public()) {
 477     // Ignore modules for DumpSharedSpaces because we do not have any package
 478     // or module information for modules other than java.base.
 479     if (DumpSharedSpaces) {
 480       return ACCESS_OK;
 481     }
 482 
 483     // Find the module entry for current_class, the accessor
 484     ModuleEntry* module_from = current_class->module();
 485     // Find the module entry for new_class, the accessee
 486     ModuleEntry* module_to = new_class->module();
 487 
 488     // both in same (possibly unnamed) module
 489     if (module_from == module_to) {
 490       return ACCESS_OK;
 491     }
 492 
 493     // Acceptable access to a type in an unnamed module. Note that since
 494     // unnamed modules can read all unnamed modules, this also handles the
 495     // case where module_from is also unnamed but in a different class loader.
 496     if (!module_to->is_named() &&
 497         (module_from->can_read_all_unnamed() || module_from->can_read(module_to))) {
 498       return ACCESS_OK;
 499     }
 500 
 501     // Establish readability, check if module_from is allowed to read module_to.
 502     if (!module_from->can_read(module_to)) {
 503       return MODULE_NOT_READABLE;
 504     }
 505 
 506     // Access is allowed if module_to is open, i.e. all its packages are unqualifiedly exported
 507     if (module_to->is_open()) {
 508       return ACCESS_OK;
 509     }
 510 
 511     PackageEntry* package_to = new_class->package();
 512     assert(package_to != NULL, "can not obtain new_class' package");
 513 
 514     {
 515       MutexLocker m1(Module_lock);
 516 
 517       // Once readability is established, if module_to exports T unqualifiedly,
 518       // (to all modules), than whether module_from is in the unnamed module
 519       // or not does not matter, access is allowed.
 520       if (package_to->is_unqual_exported()) {
 521         return ACCESS_OK;
 522       }
 523 
 524       // Access is allowed if both 1 & 2 hold:
 525       //   1. Readability, module_from can read module_to (established above).
 526       //   2. Either module_to exports T to module_from qualifiedly.
 527       //      or
 528       //      module_to exports T to all unnamed modules and module_from is unnamed.
 529       //      or
 530       //      module_to exports T unqualifiedly to all modules (checked above).
 531       if (!package_to->is_qexported_to(module_from)) {
 532         return TYPE_NOT_EXPORTED;
 533       }
 534     }
 535     return ACCESS_OK;
 536   }
 537 
 538   if (can_relax_access_check_for(current_class, new_class, classloader_only)) {
 539     return ACCESS_OK;
 540   }
 541   return OTHER_PROBLEM;
 542 }
 543 
 544 // Return an error message specific to the specified Klass*'s and result.
 545 // This function must be called from within a block containing a ResourceMark.
 546 char* Reflection::verify_class_access_msg(const Klass* current_class,
 547                                           const InstanceKlass* new_class,
 548                                           const VerifyClassAccessResults result) {
 549   assert(result != ACCESS_OK, "must be failure result");
 550   char * msg = NULL;
 551   if (result != OTHER_PROBLEM && new_class != NULL && current_class != NULL) {
 552     // Find the module entry for current_class, the accessor
 553     ModuleEntry* module_from = current_class->module();
 554     const char * module_from_name = module_from->is_named() ? module_from->name()->as_C_string() : UNNAMED_MODULE;
 555     const char * current_class_name = current_class->external_name();
 556 
 557     // Find the module entry for new_class, the accessee
 558     ModuleEntry* module_to = NULL;
 559     module_to = new_class->module();
 560     const char * module_to_name = module_to->is_named() ? module_to->name()->as_C_string() : UNNAMED_MODULE;
 561     const char * new_class_name = new_class->external_name();
 562 
 563     if (result == MODULE_NOT_READABLE) {
 564       assert(module_from->is_named(), "Unnamed modules can read all modules");
 565       if (module_to->is_named()) {
 566         size_t len = 100 + strlen(current_class_name) + 2*strlen(module_from_name) +
 567           strlen(new_class_name) + 2*strlen(module_to_name);
 568         msg = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(char, len);
 569         jio_snprintf(msg, len - 1,
 570           "class %s (in module %s) cannot access class %s (in module %s) because module %s does not read module %s",
 571           current_class_name, module_from_name, new_class_name,
 572           module_to_name, module_from_name, module_to_name);
 573       } else {
 574         oop jlm = module_to->module();
 575         assert(jlm != NULL, "Null jlm in module_to ModuleEntry");
 576         intptr_t identity_hash = jlm->identity_hash();
 577         size_t len = 160 + strlen(current_class_name) + 2*strlen(module_from_name) +
 578           strlen(new_class_name) + 2*sizeof(uintx);
 579         msg = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(char, len);
 580         jio_snprintf(msg, len - 1,
 581           "class %s (in module %s) cannot access class %s (in unnamed module @" SIZE_FORMAT_HEX ") because module %s does not read unnamed module @" SIZE_FORMAT_HEX,
 582           current_class_name, module_from_name, new_class_name, uintx(identity_hash),
 583           module_from_name, uintx(identity_hash));
 584       }
 585 
 586     } else if (result == TYPE_NOT_EXPORTED) {
 587       assert(new_class->package() != NULL,
 588              "Unnamed packages are always exported");
 589       const char * package_name =
 590         new_class->package()->name()->as_klass_external_name();
 591       assert(module_to->is_named(), "Unnamed modules export all packages");
 592       if (module_from->is_named()) {
 593         size_t len = 118 + strlen(current_class_name) + 2*strlen(module_from_name) +
 594           strlen(new_class_name) + 2*strlen(module_to_name) + strlen(package_name);
 595         msg = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(char, len);
 596         jio_snprintf(msg, len - 1,
 597           "class %s (in module %s) cannot access class %s (in module %s) because module %s does not export %s to module %s",
 598           current_class_name, module_from_name, new_class_name,
 599           module_to_name, module_to_name, package_name, module_from_name);
 600       } else {
 601         oop jlm = module_from->module();
 602         assert(jlm != NULL, "Null jlm in module_from ModuleEntry");
 603         intptr_t identity_hash = jlm->identity_hash();
 604         size_t len = 170 + strlen(current_class_name) + strlen(new_class_name) +
 605           2*strlen(module_to_name) + strlen(package_name) + 2*sizeof(uintx);
 606         msg = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(char, len);
 607         jio_snprintf(msg, len - 1,
 608           "class %s (in unnamed module @" SIZE_FORMAT_HEX ") cannot access class %s (in module %s) because module %s does not export %s to unnamed module @" SIZE_FORMAT_HEX,
 609           current_class_name, uintx(identity_hash), new_class_name, module_to_name,
 610           module_to_name, package_name, uintx(identity_hash));
 611       }
 612     } else {
 613         ShouldNotReachHere();
 614     }
 615   }  // result != OTHER_PROBLEM...
 616   return msg;
 617 }
 618 
 619 bool Reflection::verify_member_access(const Klass* current_class,
 620                                       const Klass* resolved_class,
 621                                       const Klass* member_class,
 622                                       AccessFlags access,
 623                                       bool classloader_only,
 624                                       bool protected_restriction,
 625                                       TRAPS) {
 626   // Verify that current_class can access a member of member_class, where that
 627   // field's access bits are "access".  We assume that we've already verified
 628   // that current_class can access member_class.
 629   //
 630   // If the classloader_only flag is set, we automatically allow any accesses
 631   // in which current_class doesn't have a classloader.
 632   //
 633   // "resolved_class" is the runtime type of "member_class". Sometimes we don't
 634   // need this distinction (e.g. if all we have is the runtime type, or during
 635   // class file parsing when we only care about the static type); in that case
 636   // callers should ensure that resolved_class == member_class.
 637   //
 638   if ((current_class == NULL) ||
 639       (current_class == member_class) ||
 640       access.is_public()) {
 641     return true;
 642   }
 643 
 644   const Klass* host_class = current_class;
 645   if (current_class->is_instance_klass() &&
 646       InstanceKlass::cast(current_class)->is_unsafe_anonymous()) {
 647     host_class = InstanceKlass::cast(current_class)->unsafe_anonymous_host();
 648     assert(host_class != NULL, "Unsafe anonymous class has null host class");
 649     assert(!(host_class->is_instance_klass() &&
 650            InstanceKlass::cast(host_class)->is_unsafe_anonymous()),
 651            "unsafe_anonymous_host should not be unsafe anonymous itself");
 652   }
 653   if (host_class == member_class) {
 654     return true;
 655   }
 656 
 657   if (access.is_protected()) {
 658     if (!protected_restriction) {
 659       // See if current_class (or outermost host class) is a subclass of member_class
 660       // An interface may not access protected members of j.l.Object
 661       if (!host_class->is_interface() && host_class->is_subclass_of(member_class)) {
 662         if (access.is_static() || // static fields are ok, see 6622385
 663             current_class == resolved_class ||
 664             member_class == resolved_class ||
 665             host_class->is_subclass_of(resolved_class) ||
 666             resolved_class->is_subclass_of(host_class)) {
 667           return true;
 668         }
 669       }
 670     }
 671   }
 672 
 673   // package access
 674   if (!access.is_private() && is_same_class_package(current_class, member_class)) {
 675     return true;
 676   }
 677 
 678   // private access between different classes needs a nestmate check, but
 679   // not for unsafe anonymous classes - so check host_class
 680   if (access.is_private() && host_class == current_class) {
 681     if (current_class->is_instance_klass() && member_class->is_instance_klass() ) {
 682       InstanceKlass* cur_ik = const_cast<InstanceKlass*>(InstanceKlass::cast(current_class));
 683       InstanceKlass* field_ik = const_cast<InstanceKlass*>(InstanceKlass::cast(member_class));
 684       // Nestmate access checks may require resolution and validation of the nest-host.
 685       // It is up to the caller to check for pending exceptions and handle appropriately.
 686       bool access = cur_ik->has_nestmate_access_to(field_ik, CHECK_false);
 687       if (access) {
 688         guarantee(resolved_class->is_subclass_of(member_class), "must be!");
 689         return true;
 690       }
 691     }
 692   }
 693 
 694   // Allow all accesses from jdk/internal/reflect/MagicAccessorImpl subclasses to
 695   // succeed trivially.
 696   if (current_class->is_subclass_of(SystemDictionary::reflect_MagicAccessorImpl_klass())) {
 697     return true;
 698   }
 699 
 700   // Check for special relaxations
 701   return can_relax_access_check_for(current_class, member_class, classloader_only);
 702 }
 703 
 704 bool Reflection::is_same_class_package(const Klass* class1, const Klass* class2) {
 705   return InstanceKlass::cast(class1)->is_same_class_package(class2);
 706 }
 707 
 708 // Checks that the 'outer' klass has declared 'inner' as being an inner klass. If not,
 709 // throw an incompatible class change exception
 710 // If inner_is_member, require the inner to be a member of the outer.
 711 // If !inner_is_member, require the inner to be unsafe anonymous (a non-member).
 712 // Caller is responsible for figuring out in advance which case must be true.
 713 void Reflection::check_for_inner_class(const InstanceKlass* outer, const InstanceKlass* inner,
 714                                        bool inner_is_member, TRAPS) {
 715   InnerClassesIterator iter(outer);
 716   constantPoolHandle cp   (THREAD, outer->constants());
 717   for (; !iter.done(); iter.next()) {
 718     int ioff = iter.inner_class_info_index();
 719     int ooff = iter.outer_class_info_index();
 720 
 721     if (inner_is_member && ioff != 0 && ooff != 0) {
 722       if (cp->klass_name_at_matches(outer, ooff) &&
 723           cp->klass_name_at_matches(inner, ioff)) {
 724         Klass* o = cp->klass_at(ooff, CHECK);
 725         if (o == outer) {
 726           Klass* i = cp->klass_at(ioff, CHECK);
 727           if (i == inner) {
 728             return;
 729           }
 730         }
 731       }
 732     }
 733 
 734     if (!inner_is_member && ioff != 0 && ooff == 0 &&
 735         cp->klass_name_at_matches(inner, ioff)) {
 736       Klass* i = cp->klass_at(ioff, CHECK);
 737       if (i == inner) {
 738         return;
 739       }
 740     }
 741   }
 742 
 743   // 'inner' not declared as an inner klass in outer
 744   ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
 745   Exceptions::fthrow(
 746     THREAD_AND_LOCATION,
 747     vmSymbols::java_lang_IncompatibleClassChangeError(),
 748     "%s and %s disagree on InnerClasses attribute",
 749     outer->external_name(),
 750     inner->external_name()
 751   );
 752 }
 753 
 754 // Utility method converting a single SignatureStream element into java.lang.Class instance
 755 static oop get_mirror_from_signature(const methodHandle& method,
 756                                      SignatureStream* ss,
 757                                      TRAPS) {
 758 
 759 
 760   if (is_reference_type(ss->type())) {
 761     Symbol* name = ss->as_symbol();
 762     oop loader = method->method_holder()->class_loader();
 763     oop protection_domain = method->method_holder()->protection_domain();
 764     const Klass* k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(name,
 765                                                        Handle(THREAD, loader),
 766                                                        Handle(THREAD, protection_domain),
 767                                                        true,
 768                                                        CHECK_NULL);
 769     if (log_is_enabled(Debug, class, resolve)) {
 770       trace_class_resolution(k);
 771     }
 772     return k->java_mirror();
 773   }
 774 
 775   assert(ss->type() != T_VOID || ss->at_return_type(),
 776     "T_VOID should only appear as return type");
 777 
 778   return java_lang_Class::primitive_mirror(ss->type());
 779 }
 780 
 781 static objArrayHandle get_parameter_types(const methodHandle& method,
 782                                           int parameter_count,
 783                                           oop* return_type,
 784                                           TRAPS) {
 785   // Allocate array holding parameter types (java.lang.Class instances)
 786   objArrayOop m = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Class_klass(), parameter_count, CHECK_(objArrayHandle()));
 787   objArrayHandle mirrors(THREAD, m);
 788   int index = 0;
 789   // Collect parameter types
 790   ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
 791   Symbol*  signature = method->signature();
 792   SignatureStream ss(signature);
 793   while (!ss.at_return_type()) {
 794     oop mirror = get_mirror_from_signature(method, &ss, CHECK_(objArrayHandle()));
 795     mirrors->obj_at_put(index++, mirror);
 796     ss.next();
 797   }
 798   assert(index == parameter_count, "invalid parameter count");
 799   if (return_type != NULL) {
 800     // Collect return type as well
 801     assert(ss.at_return_type(), "return type should be present");
 802     *return_type = get_mirror_from_signature(method, &ss, CHECK_(objArrayHandle()));
 803   }
 804   return mirrors;
 805 }
 806 
 807 static objArrayHandle get_exception_types(const methodHandle& method, TRAPS) {
 808   return method->resolved_checked_exceptions(THREAD);
 809 }
 810 
 811 static Handle new_type(Symbol* signature, Klass* k, TRAPS) {
 812   // Basic types
 813   BasicType type = vmSymbols::signature_type(signature);
 814   if (type != T_OBJECT) {
 815     return Handle(THREAD, Universe::java_mirror(type));
 816   }
 817 
 818   Klass* result =
 819     SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(signature,
 820                                       Handle(THREAD, k->class_loader()),
 821                                       Handle(THREAD, k->protection_domain()),
 822                                       true, CHECK_(Handle()));
 823 
 824   if (log_is_enabled(Debug, class, resolve)) {
 825     trace_class_resolution(result);
 826   }
 827 
 828   oop nt = result->java_mirror();
 829   return Handle(THREAD, nt);
 830 }
 831 
 832 
 833 oop Reflection::new_method(const methodHandle& method, bool for_constant_pool_access, TRAPS) {
 834   // Allow sun.reflect.ConstantPool to refer to <clinit> methods as java.lang.reflect.Methods.
 835   assert(!method()->is_initializer() ||
 836          (for_constant_pool_access && method()->is_static()),
 837          "should call new_constructor instead");
 838   InstanceKlass* holder = method->method_holder();
 839   int slot = method->method_idnum();
 840 
 841   Symbol*  signature  = method->signature();
 842   int parameter_count = ArgumentCount(signature).size();
 843   oop return_type_oop = NULL;
 844   objArrayHandle parameter_types = get_parameter_types(method, parameter_count, &return_type_oop, CHECK_NULL);
 845   if (parameter_types.is_null() || return_type_oop == NULL) return NULL;
 846 
 847   Handle return_type(THREAD, return_type_oop);
 848 
 849   objArrayHandle exception_types = get_exception_types(method, CHECK_NULL);
 850 
 851   if (exception_types.is_null()) return NULL;
 852 
 853   Symbol*  method_name = method->name();
 854   oop name_oop = StringTable::intern(method_name, CHECK_NULL);
 855   Handle name = Handle(THREAD, name_oop);
 856   if (name == NULL) return NULL;
 857 
 858   const int modifiers = method->access_flags().as_int() & JVM_RECOGNIZED_METHOD_MODIFIERS;
 859 
 860   Handle mh = java_lang_reflect_Method::create(CHECK_NULL);
 861 
 862   java_lang_reflect_Method::set_clazz(mh(), holder->java_mirror());
 863   java_lang_reflect_Method::set_slot(mh(), slot);
 864   java_lang_reflect_Method::set_name(mh(), name());
 865   java_lang_reflect_Method::set_return_type(mh(), return_type());
 866   java_lang_reflect_Method::set_parameter_types(mh(), parameter_types());
 867   java_lang_reflect_Method::set_exception_types(mh(), exception_types());
 868   java_lang_reflect_Method::set_modifiers(mh(), modifiers);
 869   java_lang_reflect_Method::set_override(mh(), false);
 870   if (method->generic_signature() != NULL) {
 871     Symbol*  gs = method->generic_signature();
 872     Handle sig = java_lang_String::create_from_symbol(gs, CHECK_NULL);
 873     java_lang_reflect_Method::set_signature(mh(), sig());
 874   }
 875   typeArrayOop an_oop = Annotations::make_java_array(method->annotations(), CHECK_NULL);
 876   java_lang_reflect_Method::set_annotations(mh(), an_oop);
 877   an_oop = Annotations::make_java_array(method->parameter_annotations(), CHECK_NULL);
 878   java_lang_reflect_Method::set_parameter_annotations(mh(), an_oop);
 879   an_oop = Annotations::make_java_array(method->annotation_default(), CHECK_NULL);
 880   java_lang_reflect_Method::set_annotation_default(mh(), an_oop);
 881   return mh();
 882 }
 883 
 884 
 885 oop Reflection::new_constructor(const methodHandle& method, TRAPS) {
 886   assert(method()->is_initializer(), "should call new_method instead");
 887 
 888   InstanceKlass* holder = method->method_holder();
 889   int slot = method->method_idnum();
 890 
 891   Symbol*  signature  = method->signature();
 892   int parameter_count = ArgumentCount(signature).size();
 893   objArrayHandle parameter_types = get_parameter_types(method, parameter_count, NULL, CHECK_NULL);
 894   if (parameter_types.is_null()) return NULL;
 895 
 896   objArrayHandle exception_types = get_exception_types(method, CHECK_NULL);
 897   if (exception_types.is_null()) return NULL;
 898 
 899   const int modifiers = method->access_flags().as_int() & JVM_RECOGNIZED_METHOD_MODIFIERS;
 900 
 901   Handle ch = java_lang_reflect_Constructor::create(CHECK_NULL);
 902 
 903   java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_clazz(ch(), holder->java_mirror());
 904   java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_slot(ch(), slot);
 905   java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_parameter_types(ch(), parameter_types());
 906   java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_exception_types(ch(), exception_types());
 907   java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_modifiers(ch(), modifiers);
 908   java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_override(ch(), false);
 909   if (method->generic_signature() != NULL) {
 910     Symbol*  gs = method->generic_signature();
 911     Handle sig = java_lang_String::create_from_symbol(gs, CHECK_NULL);
 912     java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_signature(ch(), sig());
 913   }
 914   typeArrayOop an_oop = Annotations::make_java_array(method->annotations(), CHECK_NULL);
 915   java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_annotations(ch(), an_oop);
 916   an_oop = Annotations::make_java_array(method->parameter_annotations(), CHECK_NULL);
 917   java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_parameter_annotations(ch(), an_oop);
 918   return ch();
 919 }
 920 
 921 
 922 oop Reflection::new_field(fieldDescriptor* fd, TRAPS) {
 923   Symbol*  field_name = fd->name();
 924   oop name_oop = StringTable::intern(field_name, CHECK_NULL);
 925   Handle name = Handle(THREAD, name_oop);
 926   Symbol*  signature  = fd->signature();
 927   InstanceKlass* holder = fd->field_holder();
 928   Handle type = new_type(signature, holder, CHECK_NULL);
 929   Handle rh  = java_lang_reflect_Field::create(CHECK_NULL);
 930 
 931   java_lang_reflect_Field::set_clazz(rh(), fd->field_holder()->java_mirror());
 932   java_lang_reflect_Field::set_slot(rh(), fd->index());
 933   java_lang_reflect_Field::set_name(rh(), name());
 934   java_lang_reflect_Field::set_type(rh(), type());
 935   // Note the ACC_ANNOTATION bit, which is a per-class access flag, is never set here.
 936   java_lang_reflect_Field::set_modifiers(rh(), fd->access_flags().as_int() & JVM_RECOGNIZED_FIELD_MODIFIERS);
 937   java_lang_reflect_Field::set_override(rh(), false);
 938   if (fd->has_generic_signature()) {
 939     Symbol*  gs = fd->generic_signature();
 940     Handle sig = java_lang_String::create_from_symbol(gs, CHECK_NULL);
 941     java_lang_reflect_Field::set_signature(rh(), sig());
 942   }
 943   typeArrayOop an_oop = Annotations::make_java_array(fd->annotations(), CHECK_NULL);
 944   java_lang_reflect_Field::set_annotations(rh(), an_oop);
 945   return rh();
 946 }
 947 
 948 oop Reflection::new_parameter(Handle method, int index, Symbol* sym,
 949                               int flags, TRAPS) {
 950 
 951   Handle rh = java_lang_reflect_Parameter::create(CHECK_NULL);
 952 
 953   if(NULL != sym) {
 954     Handle name = java_lang_String::create_from_symbol(sym, CHECK_NULL);
 955     java_lang_reflect_Parameter::set_name(rh(), name());
 956   } else {
 957     java_lang_reflect_Parameter::set_name(rh(), NULL);
 958   }
 959 
 960   java_lang_reflect_Parameter::set_modifiers(rh(), flags);
 961   java_lang_reflect_Parameter::set_executable(rh(), method());
 962   java_lang_reflect_Parameter::set_index(rh(), index);
 963   return rh();
 964 }
 965 
 966 
 967 static methodHandle resolve_interface_call(InstanceKlass* klass,
 968                                            const methodHandle& method,
 969                                            Klass* recv_klass,
 970                                            Handle receiver,
 971                                            TRAPS) {
 972 
 973   assert(!method.is_null() , "method should not be null");
 974 
 975   CallInfo info;
 976   Symbol*  signature  = method->signature();
 977   Symbol*  name       = method->name();
 978   LinkResolver::resolve_interface_call(info, receiver, recv_klass,
 979                                        LinkInfo(klass, name, signature),
 980                                        true,
 981                                        CHECK_(methodHandle()));
 982   return info.selected_method();
 983 }
 984 
 985 // Conversion
 986 static BasicType basic_type_mirror_to_basic_type(oop basic_type_mirror, TRAPS) {
 987   assert(java_lang_Class::is_primitive(basic_type_mirror),
 988     "just checking");
 989   return java_lang_Class::primitive_type(basic_type_mirror);
 990 }
 991 
 992 // Narrowing of basic types. Used to create correct jvalues for
 993 // boolean, byte, char and short return return values from interpreter
 994 // which are returned as ints. Throws IllegalArgumentException.
 995 static void narrow(jvalue* value, BasicType narrow_type, TRAPS) {
 996   switch (narrow_type) {
 997   case T_BOOLEAN:
 998     value->z = (jboolean) (value->i & 1);
 999     return;
1000   case T_BYTE:
1001     value->b = (jbyte)value->i;
1002     return;
1003   case T_CHAR:
1004     value->c = (jchar)value->i;
1005     return;
1006   case T_SHORT:
1007     value->s = (jshort)value->i;
1008     return;
1009   default:
1010     break; // fail
1011   }
1012   THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), "argument type mismatch");
1013 }
1014 
1015 
1016 // Method call (shared by invoke_method and invoke_constructor)
1017 static oop invoke(InstanceKlass* klass,
1018                   const methodHandle& reflected_method,
1019                   Handle receiver,
1020                   bool override,
1021                   objArrayHandle ptypes,
1022                   BasicType rtype,
1023                   objArrayHandle args,
1024                   bool is_method_invoke,
1025                   TRAPS) {
1026 
1027   ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1028 
1029   methodHandle method;      // actual method to invoke
1030   Klass* target_klass;      // target klass, receiver's klass for non-static
1031 
1032   // Ensure klass is initialized
1033   klass->initialize(CHECK_NULL);
1034 
1035   bool is_static = reflected_method->is_static();
1036   if (is_static) {
1037     // ignore receiver argument
1038     method = reflected_method;
1039     target_klass = klass;
1040   } else {
1041     // check for null receiver
1042     if (receiver.is_null()) {
1043       THROW_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException());
1044     }
1045     // Check class of receiver against class declaring method
1046     if (!receiver->is_a(klass)) {
1047       THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), "object is not an instance of declaring class");
1048     }
1049     // target klass is receiver's klass
1050     target_klass = receiver->klass();
1051     // no need to resolve if method is private or <init>
1052     if (reflected_method->is_private() || reflected_method->name() == vmSymbols::object_initializer_name()) {
1053       method = reflected_method;
1054     } else {
1055       // resolve based on the receiver
1056       if (reflected_method->method_holder()->is_interface()) {
1057         // resolve interface call
1058         //
1059         // Match resolution errors with those thrown due to reflection inlining
1060         // Linktime resolution & IllegalAccessCheck already done by Class.getMethod()
1061         method = resolve_interface_call(klass, reflected_method, target_klass, receiver, THREAD);
1062         if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1063           // Method resolution threw an exception; wrap it in an InvocationTargetException
1064           oop resolution_exception = PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1065           CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1066           // JVMTI has already reported the pending exception
1067           // JVMTI internal flag reset is needed in order to report InvocationTargetException
1068           if (THREAD->is_Java_thread()) {
1069             JvmtiExport::clear_detected_exception((JavaThread*)THREAD);
1070           }
1071           JavaCallArguments args(Handle(THREAD, resolution_exception));
1072           THROW_ARG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_reflect_InvocationTargetException(),
1073                       vmSymbols::throwable_void_signature(),
1074                       &args);
1075         }
1076       }  else {
1077         // if the method can be overridden, we resolve using the vtable index.
1078         assert(!reflected_method->has_itable_index(), "");
1079         int index = reflected_method->vtable_index();
1080         method = reflected_method;
1081         if (index != Method::nonvirtual_vtable_index) {
1082           method = methodHandle(THREAD, target_klass->method_at_vtable(index));
1083         }
1084         if (!method.is_null()) {
1085           // Check for abstract methods as well
1086           if (method->is_abstract()) {
1087             // new default: 6531596
1088             ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1089             stringStream ss;
1090             ss.print("'");
1091             Method::print_external_name(&ss, target_klass, method->name(), method->signature());
1092             ss.print("'");
1093             Handle h_origexception = Exceptions::new_exception(THREAD,
1094               vmSymbols::java_lang_AbstractMethodError(), ss.as_string());
1095             JavaCallArguments args(h_origexception);
1096             THROW_ARG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_reflect_InvocationTargetException(),
1097               vmSymbols::throwable_void_signature(),
1098               &args);
1099           }
1100         }
1101       }
1102     }
1103   }
1104 
1105   // I believe this is a ShouldNotGetHere case which requires
1106   // an internal vtable bug. If you ever get this please let Karen know.
1107   if (method.is_null()) {
1108     ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1109     stringStream ss;
1110     ss.print("'");
1111     Method::print_external_name(&ss, klass,
1112                                      reflected_method->name(),
1113                                      reflected_method->signature());
1114     ss.print("'");
1115     THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_NoSuchMethodError(), ss.as_string());
1116   }
1117 
1118   assert(ptypes->is_objArray(), "just checking");
1119   int args_len = args.is_null() ? 0 : args->length();
1120   // Check number of arguments
1121   if (ptypes->length() != args_len) {
1122     THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(),
1123                 "wrong number of arguments");
1124   }
1125 
1126   // Create object to contain parameters for the JavaCall
1127   JavaCallArguments java_args(method->size_of_parameters());
1128 
1129   if (!is_static) {
1130     java_args.push_oop(receiver);
1131   }
1132 
1133   for (int i = 0; i < args_len; i++) {
1134     oop type_mirror = ptypes->obj_at(i);
1135     oop arg = args->obj_at(i);
1136     if (java_lang_Class::is_primitive(type_mirror)) {
1137       jvalue value;
1138       BasicType ptype = basic_type_mirror_to_basic_type(type_mirror, CHECK_NULL);
1139       BasicType atype = Reflection::unbox_for_primitive(arg, &value, CHECK_NULL);
1140       if (ptype != atype) {
1141         Reflection::widen(&value, atype, ptype, CHECK_NULL);
1142       }
1143       switch (ptype) {
1144         case T_BOOLEAN:     java_args.push_int(value.z);    break;
1145         case T_CHAR:        java_args.push_int(value.c);    break;
1146         case T_BYTE:        java_args.push_int(value.b);    break;
1147         case T_SHORT:       java_args.push_int(value.s);    break;
1148         case T_INT:         java_args.push_int(value.i);    break;
1149         case T_LONG:        java_args.push_long(value.j);   break;
1150         case T_FLOAT:       java_args.push_float(value.f);  break;
1151         case T_DOUBLE:      java_args.push_double(value.d); break;
1152         default:
1153           THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), "argument type mismatch");
1154       }
1155     } else {
1156       if (arg != NULL) {
1157         Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(type_mirror);
1158         if (!arg->is_a(k)) {
1159           THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(),
1160                       "argument type mismatch");
1161         }
1162       }
1163       Handle arg_handle(THREAD, arg);         // Create handle for argument
1164       java_args.push_oop(arg_handle); // Push handle
1165     }
1166   }
1167 
1168   assert(java_args.size_of_parameters() == method->size_of_parameters(),
1169     "just checking");
1170 
1171   // All oops (including receiver) is passed in as Handles. An potential oop is returned as an
1172   // oop (i.e., NOT as an handle)
1173   JavaValue result(rtype);
1174   JavaCalls::call(&result, method, &java_args, THREAD);
1175 
1176   if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1177     // Method threw an exception; wrap it in an InvocationTargetException
1178     oop target_exception = PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1179     CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1180     // JVMTI has already reported the pending exception
1181     // JVMTI internal flag reset is needed in order to report InvocationTargetException
1182     if (THREAD->is_Java_thread()) {
1183       JvmtiExport::clear_detected_exception((JavaThread*)THREAD);
1184     }
1185 
1186     JavaCallArguments args(Handle(THREAD, target_exception));
1187     THROW_ARG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_reflect_InvocationTargetException(),
1188                 vmSymbols::throwable_void_signature(),
1189                 &args);
1190   } else {
1191     if (rtype == T_BOOLEAN || rtype == T_BYTE || rtype == T_CHAR || rtype == T_SHORT) {
1192       narrow((jvalue*)result.get_value_addr(), rtype, CHECK_NULL);
1193     }
1194     return Reflection::box((jvalue*)result.get_value_addr(), rtype, THREAD);
1195   }
1196 }
1197 
1198 // This would be nicer if, say, java.lang.reflect.Method was a subclass
1199 // of java.lang.reflect.Constructor
1200 
1201 oop Reflection::invoke_method(oop method_mirror, Handle receiver, objArrayHandle args, TRAPS) {
1202   oop mirror             = java_lang_reflect_Method::clazz(method_mirror);
1203   int slot               = java_lang_reflect_Method::slot(method_mirror);
1204   bool override          = java_lang_reflect_Method::override(method_mirror) != 0;
1205   objArrayHandle ptypes(THREAD, objArrayOop(java_lang_reflect_Method::parameter_types(method_mirror)));
1206 
1207   oop return_type_mirror = java_lang_reflect_Method::return_type(method_mirror);
1208   BasicType rtype;
1209   if (java_lang_Class::is_primitive(return_type_mirror)) {
1210     rtype = basic_type_mirror_to_basic_type(return_type_mirror, CHECK_NULL);
1211   } else {
1212     rtype = T_OBJECT;
1213   }
1214 
1215   InstanceKlass* klass = InstanceKlass::cast(java_lang_Class::as_Klass(mirror));
1216   Method* m = klass->method_with_idnum(slot);
1217   if (m == NULL) {
1218     THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_InternalError(), "invoke");
1219   }
1220   methodHandle method(THREAD, m);
1221 
1222   return invoke(klass, method, receiver, override, ptypes, rtype, args, true, THREAD);
1223 }
1224 
1225 
1226 oop Reflection::invoke_constructor(oop constructor_mirror, objArrayHandle args, TRAPS) {
1227   oop mirror             = java_lang_reflect_Constructor::clazz(constructor_mirror);
1228   int slot               = java_lang_reflect_Constructor::slot(constructor_mirror);
1229   bool override          = java_lang_reflect_Constructor::override(constructor_mirror) != 0;
1230   objArrayHandle ptypes(THREAD, objArrayOop(java_lang_reflect_Constructor::parameter_types(constructor_mirror)));
1231 
1232   InstanceKlass* klass = InstanceKlass::cast(java_lang_Class::as_Klass(mirror));
1233   Method* m = klass->method_with_idnum(slot);
1234   if (m == NULL) {
1235     THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_InternalError(), "invoke");
1236   }
1237   methodHandle method(THREAD, m);
1238   assert(method->name() == vmSymbols::object_initializer_name(), "invalid constructor");
1239 
1240   // Make sure klass gets initialize
1241   klass->initialize(CHECK_NULL);
1242 
1243   // Create new instance (the receiver)
1244   klass->check_valid_for_instantiation(false, CHECK_NULL);
1245   Handle receiver = klass->allocate_instance_handle(CHECK_NULL);
1246 
1247   // Ignore result from call and return receiver
1248   invoke(klass, method, receiver, override, ptypes, T_VOID, args, false, CHECK_NULL);
1249   return receiver();
1250 }