1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1996, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
  10  *
  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  20  *
  21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  23  * questions.
  24  */
  25 
  26 package java.util.zip;
  27 
  28 import java.io.OutputStream;
  29 import java.io.IOException;
  30 import java.nio.charset.Charset;
  31 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
  32 import java.util.Vector;
  33 import java.util.HashSet;
  34 import static java.util.zip.ZipConstants64.*;
  35 import static java.util.zip.ZipUtils.*;
  36 
  37 /**
  38  * This class implements an output stream filter for writing files in the
  39  * ZIP file format. Includes support for both compressed and uncompressed
  40  * entries.
  41  *
  42  * @author      David Connelly
  43  */
  44 public
  45 class ZipOutputStream extends DeflaterOutputStream implements ZipConstants {
  46 
  47     /**
  48      * Whether to use ZIP64 for zip files with more than 64k entries.
  49      * Until ZIP64 support in zip implementations is ubiquitous, this
  50      * system property allows the creation of zip files which can be
  51      * read by legacy zip implementations which tolerate "incorrect"
  52      * total entry count fields, such as the ones in jdk6, and even
  53      * some in jdk7.
  54      */
  55     private static final boolean inhibitZip64 =
  56         Boolean.parseBoolean(
  57             java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
  58                 new sun.security.action.GetPropertyAction(
  59                     "jdk.util.zip.inhibitZip64", "false")));
  60 
  61     private static class XEntry {
  62         final ZipEntry entry;
  63         final long offset;
  64         long dostime;    // last modification time in msdos format
  65         public XEntry(ZipEntry entry, long offset) {
  66             this.entry = entry;
  67             this.offset = offset;
  68         }
  69     }
  70 
  71     private XEntry current;
  72     private Vector<XEntry> xentries = new Vector<>();
  73     private HashSet<String> names = new HashSet<>();
  74     private CRC32 crc = new CRC32();
  75     private long written = 0;
  76     private long locoff = 0;
  77     private byte[] comment;
  78     private int method = DEFLATED;
  79     private boolean finished;
  80 
  81     private boolean closed = false;
  82 
  83     private final ZipCoder zc;
  84 
  85     private static int version(ZipEntry e) throws ZipException {
  86         switch (e.method) {
  87         case DEFLATED: return 20;
  88         case STORED:   return 10;
  89         default: throw new ZipException("unsupported compression method");
  90         }
  91     }
  92 
  93     /**
  94      * Checks to make sure that this stream has not been closed.
  95      */
  96     private void ensureOpen() throws IOException {
  97         if (closed) {
  98             throw new IOException("Stream closed");
  99         }
 100     }
 101     /**
 102      * Compression method for uncompressed (STORED) entries.
 103      */
 104     public static final int STORED = ZipEntry.STORED;
 105 
 106     /**
 107      * Compression method for compressed (DEFLATED) entries.
 108      */
 109     public static final int DEFLATED = ZipEntry.DEFLATED;
 110 
 111     /**
 112      * Creates a new ZIP output stream.
 113      *
 114      * <p>The UTF-8 {@link java.nio.charset.Charset charset} is used
 115      * to encode the entry names and comments.
 116      *
 117      * @param out the actual output stream
 118      */
 119     public ZipOutputStream(OutputStream out) {
 120         this(out, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
 121     }
 122 
 123     /**
 124      * Creates a new ZIP output stream.
 125      *
 126      * @param out the actual output stream
 127      *
 128      * @param charset the {@linkplain java.nio.charset.Charset charset}
 129      *                to be used to encode the entry names and comments
 130      *
 131      * @since 1.7
 132      */
 133     public ZipOutputStream(OutputStream out, Charset charset) {
 134         super(out, new Deflater(Deflater.DEFAULT_COMPRESSION, true));
 135         if (charset == null)
 136             throw new NullPointerException("charset is null");
 137         this.zc = ZipCoder.get(charset);
 138         usesDefaultDeflater = true;
 139     }
 140 
 141     /**
 142      * Sets the ZIP file comment.
 143      * @param comment the comment string
 144      * @exception IllegalArgumentException if the length of the specified
 145      *            ZIP file comment is greater than 0xFFFF bytes
 146      */
 147     public void setComment(String comment) {
 148         if (comment != null) {
 149             this.comment = zc.getBytes(comment);
 150             if (this.comment.length > 0xffff)
 151                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("ZIP file comment too long.");
 152         }
 153     }
 154 
 155     /**
 156      * Sets the default compression method for subsequent entries. This
 157      * default will be used whenever the compression method is not specified
 158      * for an individual ZIP file entry, and is initially set to DEFLATED.
 159      * @param method the default compression method
 160      * @exception IllegalArgumentException if the specified compression method
 161      *            is invalid
 162      */
 163     public void setMethod(int method) {
 164         if (method != DEFLATED && method != STORED) {
 165             throw new IllegalArgumentException("invalid compression method");
 166         }
 167         this.method = method;
 168     }
 169 
 170     /**
 171      * Sets the compression level for subsequent entries which are DEFLATED.
 172      * The default setting is DEFAULT_COMPRESSION.
 173      * @param level the compression level (0-9)
 174      * @exception IllegalArgumentException if the compression level is invalid
 175      */
 176     public void setLevel(int level) {
 177         def.setLevel(level);
 178     }
 179 
 180     /**
 181      * Begins writing a new ZIP file entry and positions the stream to the
 182      * start of the entry data. Closes the current entry if still active.
 183      * The default compression method will be used if no compression method
 184      * was specified for the entry, and the current time will be used if
 185      * the entry has no set modification time.
 186      * @param e the ZIP entry to be written
 187      * @exception ZipException if a ZIP format error has occurred
 188      * @exception IOException if an I/O error has occurred
 189      */
 190     public void putNextEntry(ZipEntry e) throws IOException {
 191         ensureOpen();
 192         if (current != null) {
 193             closeEntry();       // close previous entry
 194         }
 195         if (e.time == -1) {
 196             // by default, do NOT use extended timestamps in extra
 197             // data, for now.
 198             e.setTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
 199         }
 200         if (e.method == -1) {
 201             e.method = method;  // use default method
 202         }
 203         // store size, compressed size, and crc-32 in LOC header
 204         e.flag = 0;
 205         switch (e.method) {
 206         case DEFLATED:
 207             // store size, compressed size, and crc-32 in data descriptor
 208             // immediately following the compressed entry data
 209             if (e.size  == -1 || e.csize == -1 || e.crc   == -1)
 210                 e.flag = 8;
 211 
 212             break;
 213         case STORED:
 214             // compressed size, uncompressed size, and crc-32 must all be
 215             // set for entries using STORED compression method
 216             if (e.size == -1) {
 217                 e.size = e.csize;
 218             } else if (e.csize == -1) {
 219                 e.csize = e.size;
 220             } else if (e.size != e.csize) {
 221                 throw new ZipException(
 222                     "STORED entry where compressed != uncompressed size");
 223             }
 224             if (e.size == -1 || e.crc == -1) {
 225                 throw new ZipException(
 226                     "STORED entry missing size, compressed size, or crc-32");
 227             }
 228             break;
 229         default:
 230             throw new ZipException("unsupported compression method");
 231         }
 232         if (! names.add(e.name)) {
 233             throw new ZipException("duplicate entry: " + e.name);
 234         }
 235         if (zc.isUTF8())
 236             e.flag |= EFS;
 237         current = new XEntry(e, written);
 238         xentries.add(current);
 239         writeLOC(current);
 240     }
 241 
 242     /**
 243      * Closes the current ZIP entry and positions the stream for writing
 244      * the next entry.
 245      * @exception ZipException if a ZIP format error has occurred
 246      * @exception IOException if an I/O error has occurred
 247      */
 248     public void closeEntry() throws IOException {
 249         ensureOpen();
 250         if (current != null) {
 251             ZipEntry e = current.entry;
 252             switch (e.method) {
 253             case DEFLATED:
 254                 def.finish();
 255                 while (!def.finished()) {
 256                     deflate();
 257                 }
 258                 if ((e.flag & 8) == 0) {
 259                     // verify size, compressed size, and crc-32 settings
 260                     if (e.size != def.getBytesRead()) {
 261                         throw new ZipException(
 262                             "invalid entry size (expected " + e.size +
 263                             " but got " + def.getBytesRead() + " bytes)");
 264                     }
 265                     if (e.csize != def.getBytesWritten()) {
 266                         throw new ZipException(
 267                             "invalid entry compressed size (expected " +
 268                             e.csize + " but got " + def.getBytesWritten() + " bytes)");
 269                     }
 270                     if (e.crc != crc.getValue()) {
 271                         throw new ZipException(
 272                             "invalid entry CRC-32 (expected 0x" +
 273                             Long.toHexString(e.crc) + " but got 0x" +
 274                             Long.toHexString(crc.getValue()) + ")");
 275                     }
 276                 } else {
 277                     e.size  = def.getBytesRead();
 278                     e.csize = def.getBytesWritten();
 279                     e.crc = crc.getValue();
 280                     writeEXT(e);
 281                 }
 282                 def.reset();
 283                 written += e.csize;
 284                 break;
 285             case STORED:
 286                 // we already know that both e.size and e.csize are the same
 287                 if (e.size != written - locoff) {
 288                     throw new ZipException(
 289                         "invalid entry size (expected " + e.size +
 290                         " but got " + (written - locoff) + " bytes)");
 291                 }
 292                 if (e.crc != crc.getValue()) {
 293                     throw new ZipException(
 294                          "invalid entry crc-32 (expected 0x" +
 295                          Long.toHexString(e.crc) + " but got 0x" +
 296                          Long.toHexString(crc.getValue()) + ")");
 297                 }
 298                 break;
 299             default:
 300                 throw new ZipException("invalid compression method");
 301             }
 302             crc.reset();
 303             current = null;
 304         }
 305     }
 306 
 307     /**
 308      * Writes an array of bytes to the current ZIP entry data. This method
 309      * will block until all the bytes are written.
 310      * @param b the data to be written
 311      * @param off the start offset in the data
 312      * @param len the number of bytes that are written
 313      * @exception ZipException if a ZIP file error has occurred
 314      * @exception IOException if an I/O error has occurred
 315      */
 316     public synchronized void write(byte[] b, int off, int len)
 317         throws IOException
 318     {
 319         ensureOpen();
 320         if (off < 0 || len < 0 || off > b.length - len) {
 321             throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
 322         } else if (len == 0) {
 323             return;
 324         }
 325 
 326         if (current == null) {
 327             throw new ZipException("no current ZIP entry");
 328         }
 329         ZipEntry entry = current.entry;
 330         switch (entry.method) {
 331         case DEFLATED:
 332             super.write(b, off, len);
 333             break;
 334         case STORED:
 335             written += len;
 336             if (written - locoff > entry.size) {
 337                 throw new ZipException(
 338                     "attempt to write past end of STORED entry");
 339             }
 340             out.write(b, off, len);
 341             break;
 342         default:
 343             throw new ZipException("invalid compression method");
 344         }
 345         crc.update(b, off, len);
 346     }
 347 
 348     /**
 349      * Finishes writing the contents of the ZIP output stream without closing
 350      * the underlying stream. Use this method when applying multiple filters
 351      * in succession to the same output stream.
 352      * @exception ZipException if a ZIP file error has occurred
 353      * @exception IOException if an I/O exception has occurred
 354      */
 355     public void finish() throws IOException {
 356         ensureOpen();
 357         if (finished) {
 358             return;
 359         }
 360         if (current != null) {
 361             closeEntry();
 362         }
 363         // write central directory
 364         long off = written;
 365         for (XEntry xentry : xentries)
 366             writeCEN(xentry);
 367         writeEND(off, written - off);
 368         finished = true;
 369     }
 370 
 371     /**
 372      * Closes the ZIP output stream as well as the stream being filtered.
 373      * @exception ZipException if a ZIP file error has occurred
 374      * @exception IOException if an I/O error has occurred
 375      */
 376     public void close() throws IOException {
 377         if (!closed) {
 378             super.close();
 379             closed = true;
 380         }
 381     }
 382 
 383     /*
 384      * Writes local file (LOC) header for specified entry.
 385      */
 386     private void writeLOC(XEntry xentry) throws IOException {
 387         ZipEntry e = xentry.entry;
 388         int flag = e.flag;
 389         boolean hasZip64 = false;
 390         int elen = getExtraLen(e.extra);
 391 
 392         // keep a copy of dostime for writeCEN(), otherwise the tz
 393         // sensitive local time entries in loc and cen might be
 394         // different if the default tz get changed during writeLOC()
 395         // and writeCEN()
 396         xentry.dostime = javaToDosTime(e.time);
 397 
 398         writeInt(LOCSIG);               // LOC header signature
 399         if ((flag & 8) == 8) {
 400             writeShort(version(e));     // version needed to extract
 401             writeShort(flag);           // general purpose bit flag
 402             writeShort(e.method);       // compression method
 403             writeInt(xentry.dostime);   // last modification time
 404             // store size, uncompressed size, and crc-32 in data descriptor
 405             // immediately following compressed entry data
 406             writeInt(0);
 407             writeInt(0);
 408             writeInt(0);
 409         } else {
 410             if (e.csize >= ZIP64_MAGICVAL || e.size >= ZIP64_MAGICVAL) {
 411                 hasZip64 = true;
 412                 writeShort(45);         // ver 4.5 for zip64
 413             } else {
 414                 writeShort(version(e)); // version needed to extract
 415             }
 416             writeShort(flag);           // general purpose bit flag
 417             writeShort(e.method);       // compression method
 418             writeInt(xentry.dostime);   // last modification time
 419             writeInt(e.crc);            // crc-32
 420             if (hasZip64) {
 421                 writeInt(ZIP64_MAGICVAL);
 422                 writeInt(ZIP64_MAGICVAL);
 423                 elen += 20;        //headid(2) + size(2) + size(8) + csize(8)
 424             } else {
 425                 writeInt(e.csize);  // compressed size
 426                 writeInt(e.size);   // uncompressed size
 427             }
 428         }
 429         byte[] nameBytes = zc.getBytes(e.name);
 430         writeShort(nameBytes.length);
 431 
 432         int elenEXTT = 0;               // info-zip extended timestamp
 433         int flagEXTT = 0;
 434         if (e.mtime != null) {
 435             elenEXTT += 4;
 436             flagEXTT |= EXTT_FLAG_LMT;
 437         }
 438         if (e.atime != null) {
 439             elenEXTT += 4;
 440             flagEXTT |= EXTT_FLAG_LAT;
 441         }
 442         if (e.ctime != null) {
 443             elenEXTT += 4;
 444             flagEXTT |= EXTT_FLAT_CT;
 445         }
 446         if (flagEXTT != 0)
 447             elen += (elenEXTT + 5);    // headid(2) + size(2) + flag(1) + data
 448         writeShort(elen);
 449         writeBytes(nameBytes, 0, nameBytes.length);
 450         if (hasZip64) {
 451             writeShort(ZIP64_EXTID);
 452             writeShort(16);
 453             writeLong(e.size);
 454             writeLong(e.csize);
 455         }
 456         if (flagEXTT != 0) {
 457             writeShort(EXTID_EXTT);
 458             writeShort(elenEXTT + 1);      // flag + data
 459             writeByte(flagEXTT);
 460             if (e.mtime != null)
 461                 writeInt(fileTimeToUnixTime(e.mtime));
 462             if (e.atime != null)
 463                 writeInt(fileTimeToUnixTime(e.atime));
 464             if (e.ctime != null)
 465                 writeInt(fileTimeToUnixTime(e.ctime));
 466         }
 467         writeExtra(e.extra);
 468         locoff = written;
 469     }
 470 
 471     /*
 472      * Writes extra data descriptor (EXT) for specified entry.
 473      */
 474     private void writeEXT(ZipEntry e) throws IOException {
 475         writeInt(EXTSIG);           // EXT header signature
 476         writeInt(e.crc);            // crc-32
 477         if (e.csize >= ZIP64_MAGICVAL || e.size >= ZIP64_MAGICVAL) {
 478             writeLong(e.csize);
 479             writeLong(e.size);
 480         } else {
 481             writeInt(e.csize);          // compressed size
 482             writeInt(e.size);           // uncompressed size
 483         }
 484     }
 485 
 486     /*
 487      * Write central directory (CEN) header for specified entry.
 488      * REMIND: add support for file attributes
 489      */
 490     private void writeCEN(XEntry xentry) throws IOException {
 491         ZipEntry e  = xentry.entry;
 492         int flag = e.flag;
 493         int version = version(e);
 494         long csize = e.csize;
 495         long size = e.size;
 496         long offset = xentry.offset;
 497         int elenZIP64 = 0;
 498         boolean hasZip64 = false;
 499 
 500         if (e.csize >= ZIP64_MAGICVAL) {
 501             csize = ZIP64_MAGICVAL;
 502             elenZIP64 += 8;              // csize(8)
 503             hasZip64 = true;
 504         }
 505         if (e.size >= ZIP64_MAGICVAL) {
 506             size = ZIP64_MAGICVAL;    // size(8)
 507             elenZIP64 += 8;
 508             hasZip64 = true;
 509         }
 510         if (xentry.offset >= ZIP64_MAGICVAL) {
 511             offset = ZIP64_MAGICVAL;
 512             elenZIP64 += 8;              // offset(8)
 513             hasZip64 = true;
 514         }
 515         writeInt(CENSIG);           // CEN header signature
 516         if (hasZip64) {
 517             writeShort(45);         // ver 4.5 for zip64
 518             writeShort(45);
 519         } else {
 520             writeShort(version);    // version made by
 521             writeShort(version);    // version needed to extract
 522         }
 523         writeShort(flag);           // general purpose bit flag
 524         writeShort(e.method);       // compression method
 525         // use the copy in xentry, which has been converted
 526         // from e.time in writeLOC()
 527         writeInt(xentry.dostime);   // last modification time
 528         writeInt(e.crc);            // crc-32
 529         writeInt(csize);            // compressed size
 530         writeInt(size);             // uncompressed size
 531         byte[] nameBytes = zc.getBytes(e.name);
 532         writeShort(nameBytes.length);
 533 
 534         int elen = getExtraLen(e.extra);
 535         if (hasZip64) {
 536             elen += (elenZIP64 + 4);// + headid(2) + datasize(2)
 537         }
 538         // cen info-zip extended timestamp only outputs mtime
 539         // but set the flag for a/ctime, if present in loc
 540         int flagEXTT = 0;
 541         if (e.mtime != null) {
 542             elen += 4;              // + mtime(4)
 543             flagEXTT |= EXTT_FLAG_LMT;
 544         }
 545         if (e.atime != null) {
 546             flagEXTT |= EXTT_FLAG_LAT;
 547         }
 548         if (e.ctime != null) {
 549             flagEXTT |= EXTT_FLAT_CT;
 550         }
 551         if (flagEXTT != 0) {
 552             elen += 5;             // headid + sz + flag
 553         }
 554         writeShort(elen);
 555         byte[] commentBytes;
 556         if (e.comment != null) {
 557             commentBytes = zc.getBytes(e.comment);
 558             writeShort(Math.min(commentBytes.length, 0xffff));
 559         } else {
 560             commentBytes = null;
 561             writeShort(0);
 562         }
 563         writeShort(0);              // starting disk number
 564         writeShort(0);              // internal file attributes (unused)
 565         writeInt(0);                // external file attributes (unused)
 566         writeInt(offset);           // relative offset of local header
 567         writeBytes(nameBytes, 0, nameBytes.length);
 568 
 569         // take care of EXTID_ZIP64 and EXTID_EXTT
 570         if (hasZip64) {
 571             writeShort(ZIP64_EXTID);// Zip64 extra
 572             writeShort(elenZIP64);
 573             if (size == ZIP64_MAGICVAL)
 574                 writeLong(e.size);
 575             if (csize == ZIP64_MAGICVAL)
 576                 writeLong(e.csize);
 577             if (offset == ZIP64_MAGICVAL)
 578                 writeLong(xentry.offset);
 579         }
 580         if (flagEXTT != 0) {
 581             writeShort(EXTID_EXTT);
 582             if (e.mtime != null) {
 583                 writeShort(5);      // flag + mtime
 584                 writeByte(flagEXTT);
 585                 writeInt(fileTimeToUnixTime(e.mtime));
 586             } else {
 587                 writeShort(1);      // flag only
 588                 writeByte(flagEXTT);
 589             }
 590         }
 591         writeExtra(e.extra);
 592         if (commentBytes != null) {
 593             writeBytes(commentBytes, 0, Math.min(commentBytes.length, 0xffff));
 594         }
 595     }
 596 
 597     /*
 598      * Writes end of central directory (END) header.
 599      */
 600     private void writeEND(long off, long len) throws IOException {
 601         boolean hasZip64 = false;
 602         long xlen = len;
 603         long xoff = off;
 604         if (xlen >= ZIP64_MAGICVAL) {
 605             xlen = ZIP64_MAGICVAL;
 606             hasZip64 = true;
 607         }
 608         if (xoff >= ZIP64_MAGICVAL) {
 609             xoff = ZIP64_MAGICVAL;
 610             hasZip64 = true;
 611         }
 612         int count = xentries.size();
 613         if (count >= ZIP64_MAGICCOUNT) {
 614             hasZip64 |= !inhibitZip64;
 615             if (hasZip64) {
 616                 count = ZIP64_MAGICCOUNT;
 617             }
 618         }
 619         if (hasZip64) {
 620             long off64 = written;
 621             //zip64 end of central directory record
 622             writeInt(ZIP64_ENDSIG);        // zip64 END record signature
 623             writeLong(ZIP64_ENDHDR - 12);  // size of zip64 end
 624             writeShort(45);                // version made by
 625             writeShort(45);                // version needed to extract
 626             writeInt(0);                   // number of this disk
 627             writeInt(0);                   // central directory start disk
 628             writeLong(xentries.size());    // number of directory entires on disk
 629             writeLong(xentries.size());    // number of directory entires
 630             writeLong(len);                // length of central directory
 631             writeLong(off);                // offset of central directory
 632 
 633             //zip64 end of central directory locator
 634             writeInt(ZIP64_LOCSIG);        // zip64 END locator signature
 635             writeInt(0);                   // zip64 END start disk
 636             writeLong(off64);              // offset of zip64 END
 637             writeInt(1);                   // total number of disks (?)
 638         }
 639         writeInt(ENDSIG);                 // END record signature
 640         writeShort(0);                    // number of this disk
 641         writeShort(0);                    // central directory start disk
 642         writeShort(count);                // number of directory entries on disk
 643         writeShort(count);                // total number of directory entries
 644         writeInt(xlen);                   // length of central directory
 645         writeInt(xoff);                   // offset of central directory
 646         if (comment != null) {            // zip file comment
 647             writeShort(comment.length);
 648             writeBytes(comment, 0, comment.length);
 649         } else {
 650             writeShort(0);
 651         }
 652     }
 653 
 654     /*
 655      * Returns the length of extra data without EXTT and ZIP64.
 656      */
 657     private int getExtraLen(byte[] extra) {
 658         if (extra == null)
 659             return 0;
 660         int skipped = 0;
 661         int len = extra.length;
 662         int off = 0;
 663         while (off + 4 <= len) {
 664             int tag = get16(extra, off);
 665             int sz = get16(extra, off + 2);
 666             if (sz < 0 || (off + 4 + sz) > len) {
 667                 break;
 668             }
 669             if (tag == EXTID_EXTT || tag == EXTID_ZIP64) {
 670                 skipped += (sz + 4);
 671             }
 672             off += (sz + 4);
 673         }
 674         return len - skipped;
 675     }
 676 
 677     /*
 678      * Writes extra data without EXTT and ZIP64.
 679      *
 680      * Extra timestamp and ZIP64 data is handled/output separately
 681      * in writeLOC and writeCEN.
 682      */
 683     private void writeExtra(byte[] extra) throws IOException {
 684         if (extra != null) {
 685             int len = extra.length;
 686             int off = 0;
 687             while (off + 4 <= len) {
 688                 int tag = get16(extra, off);
 689                 int sz = get16(extra, off + 2);
 690                 if (sz < 0 || (off + 4 + sz) > len) {
 691                     writeBytes(extra, off, len - off);
 692                     return;
 693                 }
 694                 if (tag != EXTID_EXTT && tag != EXTID_ZIP64) {
 695                     writeBytes(extra, off, sz + 4);
 696                 }
 697                 off += (sz + 4);
 698             }
 699             if (off < len) {
 700                 writeBytes(extra, off, len - off);
 701             }
 702         }
 703     }
 704 
 705     /*
 706      * Writes a 8-bit byte to the output stream.
 707      */
 708     private void writeByte(int v) throws IOException {
 709         OutputStream out = this.out;
 710         out.write(v & 0xff);
 711         written += 1;
 712     }
 713 
 714     /*
 715      * Writes a 16-bit short to the output stream in little-endian byte order.
 716      */
 717     private void writeShort(int v) throws IOException {
 718         OutputStream out = this.out;
 719         out.write((v >>> 0) & 0xff);
 720         out.write((v >>> 8) & 0xff);
 721         written += 2;
 722     }
 723 
 724     /*
 725      * Writes a 32-bit int to the output stream in little-endian byte order.
 726      */
 727     private void writeInt(long v) throws IOException {
 728         OutputStream out = this.out;
 729         out.write((int)((v >>>  0) & 0xff));
 730         out.write((int)((v >>>  8) & 0xff));
 731         out.write((int)((v >>> 16) & 0xff));
 732         out.write((int)((v >>> 24) & 0xff));
 733         written += 4;
 734     }
 735 
 736     /*
 737      * Writes a 64-bit int to the output stream in little-endian byte order.
 738      */
 739     private void writeLong(long v) throws IOException {
 740         OutputStream out = this.out;
 741         out.write((int)((v >>>  0) & 0xff));
 742         out.write((int)((v >>>  8) & 0xff));
 743         out.write((int)((v >>> 16) & 0xff));
 744         out.write((int)((v >>> 24) & 0xff));
 745         out.write((int)((v >>> 32) & 0xff));
 746         out.write((int)((v >>> 40) & 0xff));
 747         out.write((int)((v >>> 48) & 0xff));
 748         out.write((int)((v >>> 56) & 0xff));
 749         written += 8;
 750     }
 751 
 752     /*
 753      * Writes an array of bytes to the output stream.
 754      */
 755     private void writeBytes(byte[] b, int off, int len) throws IOException {
 756         super.out.write(b, off, len);
 757         written += len;
 758     }
 759 }