1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "precompiled.hpp"
  26 #include "aot/aotLoader.hpp"
  27 #include "classfile/classLoader.hpp"
  28 #include "classfile/classLoaderData.hpp"
  29 #include "classfile/javaClasses.hpp"
  30 #include "classfile/stringTable.hpp"
  31 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
  32 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
  33 #include "code/codeCache.hpp"
  34 #include "code/dependencies.hpp"
  35 #include "gc/shared/cardTableModRefBS.hpp"
  36 #include "gc/shared/collectedHeap.inline.hpp"
  37 #include "gc/shared/gcLocker.inline.hpp"
  38 #include "gc/shared/genCollectedHeap.hpp"
  39 #include "gc/shared/generation.hpp"
  40 #include "gc/shared/gcTraceTime.inline.hpp"
  41 #include "gc/shared/space.hpp"
  42 #include "interpreter/interpreter.hpp"
  43 #include "logging/log.hpp"
  44 #include "memory/filemap.hpp"
  45 #include "memory/metadataFactory.hpp"
  46 #include "memory/metaspaceShared.hpp"
  47 #include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"
  48 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
  49 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
  50 #include "memory/universe.inline.hpp"
  51 #include "oops/constantPool.hpp"
  52 #include "oops/instanceClassLoaderKlass.hpp"
  53 #include "oops/instanceKlass.hpp"
  54 #include "oops/instanceMirrorKlass.hpp"
  55 #include "oops/instanceRefKlass.hpp"
  56 #include "oops/objArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  57 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  58 #include "oops/typeArrayKlass.hpp"
  59 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
  60 #include "runtime/atomic.hpp"
  61 #include "runtime/commandLineFlagConstraintList.hpp"
  62 #include "runtime/deoptimization.hpp"
  63 #include "runtime/fprofiler.hpp"
  64 #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
  65 #include "runtime/init.hpp"
  66 #include "runtime/java.hpp"
  67 #include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"
  68 #include "runtime/sharedRuntime.hpp"
  69 #include "runtime/synchronizer.hpp"
  70 #include "runtime/thread.inline.hpp"
  71 #include "runtime/timerTrace.hpp"
  72 #include "runtime/vm_operations.hpp"
  73 #include "services/memoryService.hpp"
  74 #include "utilities/copy.hpp"
  75 #include "utilities/events.hpp"
  76 #include "utilities/hashtable.inline.hpp"
  77 #include "utilities/macros.hpp"
  78 #include "utilities/ostream.hpp"
  79 #include "utilities/preserveException.hpp"
  80 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
  81 #include "gc/cms/cmsCollectorPolicy.hpp"
  82 #include "gc/g1/g1CollectedHeap.inline.hpp"
  83 #include "gc/g1/g1CollectorPolicy.hpp"
  84 #include "gc/parallel/parallelScavengeHeap.hpp"
  85 #include "gc/shared/adaptiveSizePolicy.hpp"
  86 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
  87 #if INCLUDE_CDS
  88 #include "classfile/sharedClassUtil.hpp"
  89 #endif
  90 
  91 // Known objects
  92 Klass* Universe::_boolArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;
  93 Klass* Universe::_byteArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;
  94 Klass* Universe::_charArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;
  95 Klass* Universe::_intArrayKlassObj                  = NULL;
  96 Klass* Universe::_shortArrayKlassObj                = NULL;
  97 Klass* Universe::_longArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;
  98 Klass* Universe::_singleArrayKlassObj               = NULL;
  99 Klass* Universe::_doubleArrayKlassObj               = NULL;
 100 Klass* Universe::_typeArrayKlassObjs[T_VOID+1]      = { NULL /*, NULL...*/ };
 101 Klass* Universe::_objectArrayKlassObj               = NULL;
 102 oop Universe::_int_mirror                             = NULL;
 103 oop Universe::_float_mirror                           = NULL;
 104 oop Universe::_double_mirror                          = NULL;
 105 oop Universe::_byte_mirror                            = NULL;
 106 oop Universe::_bool_mirror                            = NULL;
 107 oop Universe::_char_mirror                            = NULL;
 108 oop Universe::_long_mirror                            = NULL;
 109 oop Universe::_short_mirror                           = NULL;
 110 oop Universe::_void_mirror                            = NULL;
 111 oop Universe::_mirrors[T_VOID+1]                      = { NULL /*, NULL...*/ };
 112 oop Universe::_main_thread_group                      = NULL;
 113 oop Universe::_system_thread_group                    = NULL;
 114 objArrayOop Universe::_the_empty_class_klass_array    = NULL;
 115 Array<Klass*>* Universe::_the_array_interfaces_array = NULL;
 116 oop Universe::_the_null_string                        = NULL;
 117 oop Universe::_the_min_jint_string                   = NULL;
 118 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_finalizer_register_cache = NULL;
 119 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_loader_addClass_cache    = NULL;
 120 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_pd_implies_cache         = NULL;
 121 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_throw_illegal_access_error_cache = NULL;
 122 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_do_stack_walk_cache     = NULL;
 123 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap          = NULL;
 124 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace          = NULL;
 125 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace    = NULL;
 126 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size         = NULL;
 127 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit  = NULL;
 128 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects    = NULL;
 129 oop Universe::_delayed_stack_overflow_error_message   = NULL;
 130 objArrayOop Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array = NULL;
 131 volatile jint Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count = 0;
 132 bool Universe::_verify_in_progress                    = false;
 133 long Universe::verify_flags                           = Universe::Verify_All;
 134 oop Universe::_null_ptr_exception_instance            = NULL;
 135 oop Universe::_arithmetic_exception_instance          = NULL;
 136 oop Universe::_virtual_machine_error_instance         = NULL;
 137 oop Universe::_vm_exception                           = NULL;
 138 oop Universe::_allocation_context_notification_obj    = NULL;
 139 oop Universe::_reference_pending_list                 = NULL;
 140 
 141 Array<int>* Universe::_the_empty_int_array            = NULL;
 142 Array<u2>* Universe::_the_empty_short_array           = NULL;
 143 Array<Klass*>* Universe::_the_empty_klass_array     = NULL;
 144 Array<Method*>* Universe::_the_empty_method_array   = NULL;
 145 
 146 // These variables are guarded by FullGCALot_lock.
 147 debug_only(objArrayOop Universe::_fullgc_alot_dummy_array = NULL;)
 148 debug_only(int Universe::_fullgc_alot_dummy_next      = 0;)
 149 
 150 // Heap
 151 int             Universe::_verify_count = 0;
 152 
 153 // Oop verification (see MacroAssembler::verify_oop)
 154 uintptr_t       Universe::_verify_oop_mask = 0;
 155 uintptr_t       Universe::_verify_oop_bits = (uintptr_t) -1;
 156 
 157 int             Universe::_base_vtable_size = 0;
 158 bool            Universe::_bootstrapping = false;
 159 bool            Universe::_module_initialized = false;
 160 bool            Universe::_fully_initialized = false;
 161 
 162 size_t          Universe::_heap_capacity_at_last_gc;
 163 size_t          Universe::_heap_used_at_last_gc = 0;
 164 
 165 CollectedHeap*  Universe::_collectedHeap = NULL;
 166 
 167 NarrowPtrStruct Universe::_narrow_oop = { NULL, 0, true };
 168 NarrowPtrStruct Universe::_narrow_klass = { NULL, 0, true };
 169 address Universe::_narrow_ptrs_base;
 170 
 171 void Universe::basic_type_classes_do(void f(Klass*)) {
 172   f(boolArrayKlassObj());
 173   f(byteArrayKlassObj());
 174   f(charArrayKlassObj());
 175   f(intArrayKlassObj());
 176   f(shortArrayKlassObj());
 177   f(longArrayKlassObj());
 178   f(singleArrayKlassObj());
 179   f(doubleArrayKlassObj());
 180 }
 181 
 182 void Universe::oops_do(OopClosure* f, bool do_all) {
 183 
 184   f->do_oop((oop*) &_int_mirror);
 185   f->do_oop((oop*) &_float_mirror);
 186   f->do_oop((oop*) &_double_mirror);
 187   f->do_oop((oop*) &_byte_mirror);
 188   f->do_oop((oop*) &_bool_mirror);
 189   f->do_oop((oop*) &_char_mirror);
 190   f->do_oop((oop*) &_long_mirror);
 191   f->do_oop((oop*) &_short_mirror);
 192   f->do_oop((oop*) &_void_mirror);
 193 
 194   for (int i = T_BOOLEAN; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
 195     f->do_oop((oop*) &_mirrors[i]);
 196   }
 197   assert(_mirrors[0] == NULL && _mirrors[T_BOOLEAN - 1] == NULL, "checking");
 198 
 199   f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_empty_class_klass_array);
 200   f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_null_string);
 201   f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_min_jint_string);
 202   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_java_heap);
 203   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_metaspace);
 204   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace);
 205   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_array_size);
 206   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit);
 207   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects);
 208   f->do_oop((oop*)&_delayed_stack_overflow_error_message);
 209   f->do_oop((oop*)&_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array);
 210   f->do_oop((oop*)&_null_ptr_exception_instance);
 211   f->do_oop((oop*)&_arithmetic_exception_instance);
 212   f->do_oop((oop*)&_virtual_machine_error_instance);
 213   f->do_oop((oop*)&_main_thread_group);
 214   f->do_oop((oop*)&_system_thread_group);
 215   f->do_oop((oop*)&_vm_exception);
 216   f->do_oop((oop*)&_allocation_context_notification_obj);
 217   f->do_oop((oop*)&_reference_pending_list);
 218   debug_only(f->do_oop((oop*)&_fullgc_alot_dummy_array);)
 219 }
 220 
 221 // Serialize metadata in and out of CDS archive, not oops.
 222 void Universe::serialize(SerializeClosure* f, bool do_all) {
 223 
 224   f->do_ptr((void**)&_boolArrayKlassObj);
 225   f->do_ptr((void**)&_byteArrayKlassObj);
 226   f->do_ptr((void**)&_charArrayKlassObj);
 227   f->do_ptr((void**)&_intArrayKlassObj);
 228   f->do_ptr((void**)&_shortArrayKlassObj);
 229   f->do_ptr((void**)&_longArrayKlassObj);
 230   f->do_ptr((void**)&_singleArrayKlassObj);
 231   f->do_ptr((void**)&_doubleArrayKlassObj);
 232   f->do_ptr((void**)&_objectArrayKlassObj);
 233 
 234   {
 235     for (int i = 0; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
 236       if (_typeArrayKlassObjs[i] != NULL) {
 237         assert(i >= T_BOOLEAN, "checking");
 238         f->do_ptr((void**)&_typeArrayKlassObjs[i]);
 239       } else if (do_all) {
 240         f->do_ptr((void**)&_typeArrayKlassObjs[i]);
 241       }
 242     }
 243   }
 244 
 245   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_array_interfaces_array);
 246   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_int_array);
 247   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_short_array);
 248   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_method_array);
 249   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_klass_array);
 250   _finalizer_register_cache->serialize(f);
 251   _loader_addClass_cache->serialize(f);
 252   _pd_implies_cache->serialize(f);
 253   _throw_illegal_access_error_cache->serialize(f);
 254   _do_stack_walk_cache->serialize(f);
 255 }
 256 
 257 void Universe::check_alignment(uintx size, uintx alignment, const char* name) {
 258   if (size < alignment || size % alignment != 0) {
 259     vm_exit_during_initialization(
 260       err_msg("Size of %s (" UINTX_FORMAT " bytes) must be aligned to " UINTX_FORMAT " bytes", name, size, alignment));
 261   }
 262 }
 263 
 264 void initialize_basic_type_klass(Klass* k, TRAPS) {
 265   Klass* ok = SystemDictionary::Object_klass();
 266   if (UseSharedSpaces) {
 267     ClassLoaderData* loader_data = ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data();
 268     assert(k->super() == ok, "u3");
 269     k->restore_unshareable_info(loader_data, Handle(), CHECK);
 270   } else {
 271     k->initialize_supers(ok, CHECK);
 272   }
 273   k->append_to_sibling_list();
 274 }
 275 
 276 void Universe::genesis(TRAPS) {
 277   ResourceMark rm;
 278 
 279   { FlagSetting fs(_bootstrapping, true);
 280 
 281     { MutexLocker mc(Compile_lock);
 282 
 283       // determine base vtable size; without that we cannot create the array klasses
 284       compute_base_vtable_size();
 285 
 286       if (!UseSharedSpaces) {
 287         _boolArrayKlassObj      = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_BOOLEAN, sizeof(jboolean), CHECK);
 288         _charArrayKlassObj      = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_CHAR,    sizeof(jchar),    CHECK);
 289         _singleArrayKlassObj    = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_FLOAT,   sizeof(jfloat),   CHECK);
 290         _doubleArrayKlassObj    = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_DOUBLE,  sizeof(jdouble),  CHECK);
 291         _byteArrayKlassObj      = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_BYTE,    sizeof(jbyte),    CHECK);
 292         _shortArrayKlassObj     = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_SHORT,   sizeof(jshort),   CHECK);
 293         _intArrayKlassObj       = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_INT,     sizeof(jint),     CHECK);
 294         _longArrayKlassObj      = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_LONG,    sizeof(jlong),    CHECK);
 295 
 296         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_BOOLEAN] = _boolArrayKlassObj;
 297         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_CHAR]    = _charArrayKlassObj;
 298         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_FLOAT]   = _singleArrayKlassObj;
 299         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_DOUBLE]  = _doubleArrayKlassObj;
 300         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_BYTE]    = _byteArrayKlassObj;
 301         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_SHORT]   = _shortArrayKlassObj;
 302         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_INT]     = _intArrayKlassObj;
 303         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_LONG]    = _longArrayKlassObj;
 304 
 305         ClassLoaderData* null_cld = ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data();
 306 
 307         _the_array_interfaces_array = MetadataFactory::new_array<Klass*>(null_cld, 2, NULL, CHECK);
 308         _the_empty_int_array        = MetadataFactory::new_array<int>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 309         _the_empty_short_array      = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 310         _the_empty_method_array     = MetadataFactory::new_array<Method*>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 311         _the_empty_klass_array      = MetadataFactory::new_array<Klass*>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 312       }
 313     }
 314 
 315     vmSymbols::initialize(CHECK);
 316 
 317     SystemDictionary::initialize(CHECK);
 318 
 319     Klass* ok = SystemDictionary::Object_klass();
 320 
 321     _the_null_string            = StringTable::intern("null", CHECK);
 322     _the_min_jint_string       = StringTable::intern("-2147483648", CHECK);
 323 
 324     if (UseSharedSpaces) {
 325       // Verify shared interfaces array.
 326       assert(_the_array_interfaces_array->at(0) ==
 327              SystemDictionary::Cloneable_klass(), "u3");
 328       assert(_the_array_interfaces_array->at(1) ==
 329              SystemDictionary::Serializable_klass(), "u3");
 330       MetaspaceShared::fixup_shared_string_regions();
 331     } else {
 332       // Set up shared interfaces array.  (Do this before supers are set up.)
 333       _the_array_interfaces_array->at_put(0, SystemDictionary::Cloneable_klass());
 334       _the_array_interfaces_array->at_put(1, SystemDictionary::Serializable_klass());
 335     }
 336 
 337     initialize_basic_type_klass(boolArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 338     initialize_basic_type_klass(charArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 339     initialize_basic_type_klass(singleArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 340     initialize_basic_type_klass(doubleArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 341     initialize_basic_type_klass(byteArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 342     initialize_basic_type_klass(shortArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 343     initialize_basic_type_klass(intArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 344     initialize_basic_type_klass(longArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 345   } // end of core bootstrapping
 346 
 347   // Maybe this could be lifted up now that object array can be initialized
 348   // during the bootstrapping.
 349 
 350   // OLD
 351   // Initialize _objectArrayKlass after core bootstraping to make
 352   // sure the super class is set up properly for _objectArrayKlass.
 353   // ---
 354   // NEW
 355   // Since some of the old system object arrays have been converted to
 356   // ordinary object arrays, _objectArrayKlass will be loaded when
 357   // SystemDictionary::initialize(CHECK); is run. See the extra check
 358   // for Object_klass_loaded in objArrayKlassKlass::allocate_objArray_klass_impl.
 359   _objectArrayKlassObj = InstanceKlass::
 360     cast(SystemDictionary::Object_klass())->array_klass(1, CHECK);
 361   // OLD
 362   // Add the class to the class hierarchy manually to make sure that
 363   // its vtable is initialized after core bootstrapping is completed.
 364   // ---
 365   // New
 366   // Have already been initialized.
 367   _objectArrayKlassObj->append_to_sibling_list();
 368 
 369   #ifdef ASSERT
 370   if (FullGCALot) {
 371     // Allocate an array of dummy objects.
 372     // We'd like these to be at the bottom of the old generation,
 373     // so that when we free one and then collect,
 374     // (almost) the whole heap moves
 375     // and we find out if we actually update all the oops correctly.
 376     // But we can't allocate directly in the old generation,
 377     // so we allocate wherever, and hope that the first collection
 378     // moves these objects to the bottom of the old generation.
 379     // We can allocate directly in the permanent generation, so we do.
 380     int size;
 381     if (UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
 382       log_warning(gc)("Using +FullGCALot with concurrent mark sweep gc will not force all objects to relocate");
 383       size = FullGCALotDummies;
 384     } else {
 385       size = FullGCALotDummies * 2;
 386     }
 387     objArrayOop    naked_array = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Object_klass(), size, CHECK);
 388     objArrayHandle dummy_array(THREAD, naked_array);
 389     int i = 0;
 390     while (i < size) {
 391         // Allocate dummy in old generation
 392       oop dummy = SystemDictionary::Object_klass()->allocate_instance(CHECK);
 393       dummy_array->obj_at_put(i++, dummy);
 394     }
 395     {
 396       // Only modify the global variable inside the mutex.
 397       // If we had a race to here, the other dummy_array instances
 398       // and their elements just get dropped on the floor, which is fine.
 399       MutexLocker ml(FullGCALot_lock);
 400       if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_array == NULL) {
 401         _fullgc_alot_dummy_array = dummy_array();
 402       }
 403     }
 404     assert(i == _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->length(), "just checking");
 405   }
 406   #endif
 407 
 408   // Initialize dependency array for null class loader
 409   ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data()->init_dependencies(CHECK);
 410 
 411 }
 412 
 413 void Universe::initialize_basic_type_mirrors(TRAPS) {
 414     assert(_int_mirror==NULL, "basic type mirrors already initialized");
 415     _int_mirror     =
 416       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("int",    T_INT, CHECK);
 417     _float_mirror   =
 418       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("float",  T_FLOAT,   CHECK);
 419     _double_mirror  =
 420       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("double", T_DOUBLE,  CHECK);
 421     _byte_mirror    =
 422       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("byte",   T_BYTE, CHECK);
 423     _bool_mirror    =
 424       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("boolean",T_BOOLEAN, CHECK);
 425     _char_mirror    =
 426       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("char",   T_CHAR, CHECK);
 427     _long_mirror    =
 428       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("long",   T_LONG, CHECK);
 429     _short_mirror   =
 430       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("short",  T_SHORT,   CHECK);
 431     _void_mirror    =
 432       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("void",   T_VOID, CHECK);
 433 
 434     _mirrors[T_INT]     = _int_mirror;
 435     _mirrors[T_FLOAT]   = _float_mirror;
 436     _mirrors[T_DOUBLE]  = _double_mirror;
 437     _mirrors[T_BYTE]    = _byte_mirror;
 438     _mirrors[T_BOOLEAN] = _bool_mirror;
 439     _mirrors[T_CHAR]    = _char_mirror;
 440     _mirrors[T_LONG]    = _long_mirror;
 441     _mirrors[T_SHORT]   = _short_mirror;
 442     _mirrors[T_VOID]    = _void_mirror;
 443   //_mirrors[T_OBJECT]  = _object_klass->java_mirror();
 444   //_mirrors[T_ARRAY]   = _object_klass->java_mirror();
 445 }
 446 
 447 void Universe::fixup_mirrors(TRAPS) {
 448   // Bootstrap problem: all classes gets a mirror (java.lang.Class instance) assigned eagerly,
 449   // but we cannot do that for classes created before java.lang.Class is loaded. Here we simply
 450   // walk over permanent objects created so far (mostly classes) and fixup their mirrors. Note
 451   // that the number of objects allocated at this point is very small.
 452   assert(SystemDictionary::Class_klass_loaded(), "java.lang.Class should be loaded");
 453   HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 454   // Cache the start of the static fields
 455   InstanceMirrorKlass::init_offset_of_static_fields();
 456 
 457   GrowableArray <Klass*>* list = java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror_list();
 458   int list_length = list->length();
 459   for (int i = 0; i < list_length; i++) {
 460     Klass* k = list->at(i);
 461     assert(k->is_klass(), "List should only hold classes");
 462     EXCEPTION_MARK;
 463     java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror(k, CATCH);
 464   }
 465   delete java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror_list();
 466   java_lang_Class::set_fixup_mirror_list(NULL);
 467 }
 468 
 469 #define assert_pll_locked(test) \
 470   assert(Heap_lock->test(), "Reference pending list access requires lock")
 471 
 472 #define assert_pll_ownership() assert_pll_locked(owned_by_self)
 473 
 474 oop Universe::reference_pending_list() {
 475   assert_pll_ownership();
 476   return _reference_pending_list;
 477 }
 478 
 479 void Universe::set_reference_pending_list(oop list) {
 480   assert_pll_ownership();
 481   _reference_pending_list = list;
 482 }
 483 
 484 bool Universe::has_reference_pending_list() {
 485   assert_pll_ownership();
 486   return _reference_pending_list != NULL;
 487 }
 488 
 489 oop Universe::swap_reference_pending_list(oop list) {
 490   assert_pll_locked(is_locked);
 491   return (oop)Atomic::xchg_ptr(list, &_reference_pending_list);
 492 }
 493 
 494 #undef assert_pll_locked
 495 #undef assert_pll_ownership
 496 
 497 
 498 static bool has_run_finalizers_on_exit = false;
 499 
 500 void Universe::run_finalizers_on_exit() {
 501   if (has_run_finalizers_on_exit) return;
 502   has_run_finalizers_on_exit = true;
 503 
 504   // Called on VM exit. This ought to be run in a separate thread.
 505   log_trace(ref)("Callback to run finalizers on exit");
 506   {
 507     PRESERVE_EXCEPTION_MARK;
 508     Klass* finalizer_klass = SystemDictionary::Finalizer_klass();
 509     JavaValue result(T_VOID);
 510     JavaCalls::call_static(
 511       &result,
 512       finalizer_klass,
 513       vmSymbols::run_finalizers_on_exit_name(),
 514       vmSymbols::void_method_signature(),
 515       THREAD
 516     );
 517     // Ignore any pending exceptions
 518     CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
 519   }
 520 }
 521 
 522 
 523 // initialize_vtable could cause gc if
 524 // 1) we specified true to initialize_vtable and
 525 // 2) this ran after gc was enabled
 526 // In case those ever change we use handles for oops
 527 void Universe::reinitialize_vtable_of(Klass* ko, TRAPS) {
 528   // init vtable of k and all subclasses
 529   klassVtable* vt = ko->vtable();
 530   if (vt) vt->initialize_vtable(false, CHECK);
 531   if (ko->is_instance_klass()) {
 532     for (Klass* sk = ko->subklass();
 533          sk != NULL;
 534          sk = sk->next_sibling()) {
 535       reinitialize_vtable_of(sk, CHECK);
 536     }
 537   }
 538 }
 539 
 540 
 541 void initialize_itable_for_klass(Klass* k, TRAPS) {
 542   InstanceKlass::cast(k)->itable()->initialize_itable(false, CHECK);
 543 }
 544 
 545 
 546 void Universe::reinitialize_itables(TRAPS) {
 547   SystemDictionary::classes_do(initialize_itable_for_klass, CHECK);
 548 
 549 }
 550 
 551 
 552 bool Universe::on_page_boundary(void* addr) {
 553   return ((uintptr_t) addr) % os::vm_page_size() == 0;
 554 }
 555 
 556 
 557 bool Universe::should_fill_in_stack_trace(Handle throwable) {
 558   // never attempt to fill in the stack trace of preallocated errors that do not have
 559   // backtrace. These errors are kept alive forever and may be "re-used" when all
 560   // preallocated errors with backtrace have been consumed. Also need to avoid
 561   // a potential loop which could happen if an out of memory occurs when attempting
 562   // to allocate the backtrace.
 563   return ((throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap) &&
 564           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace)  &&
 565           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace)  &&
 566           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size) &&
 567           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit) &&
 568           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects));
 569 }
 570 
 571 
 572 oop Universe::gen_out_of_memory_error(oop default_err) {
 573   // generate an out of memory error:
 574   // - if there is a preallocated error and stack traces are available
 575   //   (j.l.Throwable is initialized), then return the preallocated
 576   //   error with a filled in stack trace, and with the message
 577   //   provided by the default error.
 578   // - otherwise, return the default error, without a stack trace.
 579   int next;
 580   if ((_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count > 0) &&
 581       SystemDictionary::Throwable_klass()->is_initialized()) {
 582     next = (int)Atomic::add(-1, &_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count);
 583     assert(next < (int)PreallocatedOutOfMemoryErrorCount, "avail count is corrupt");
 584   } else {
 585     next = -1;
 586   }
 587   if (next < 0) {
 588     // all preallocated errors have been used.
 589     // return default
 590     return default_err;
 591   } else {
 592     Thread* THREAD = Thread::current();
 593     Handle default_err_h(THREAD, default_err);
 594     // get the error object at the slot and set set it to NULL so that the
 595     // array isn't keeping it alive anymore.
 596     Handle exc(THREAD, preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at(next));
 597     assert(exc() != NULL, "slot has been used already");
 598     preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at_put(next, NULL);
 599 
 600     // use the message from the default error
 601     oop msg = java_lang_Throwable::message(default_err_h());
 602     assert(msg != NULL, "no message");
 603     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(exc(), msg);
 604 
 605     // populate the stack trace and return it.
 606     java_lang_Throwable::fill_in_stack_trace_of_preallocated_backtrace(exc);
 607     return exc();
 608   }
 609 }
 610 
 611 intptr_t Universe::_non_oop_bits = 0;
 612 
 613 void* Universe::non_oop_word() {
 614   // Neither the high bits nor the low bits of this value is allowed
 615   // to look like (respectively) the high or low bits of a real oop.
 616   //
 617   // High and low are CPU-specific notions, but low always includes
 618   // the low-order bit.  Since oops are always aligned at least mod 4,
 619   // setting the low-order bit will ensure that the low half of the
 620   // word will never look like that of a real oop.
 621   //
 622   // Using the OS-supplied non-memory-address word (usually 0 or -1)
 623   // will take care of the high bits, however many there are.
 624 
 625   if (_non_oop_bits == 0) {
 626     _non_oop_bits = (intptr_t)os::non_memory_address_word() | 1;
 627   }
 628 
 629   return (void*)_non_oop_bits;
 630 }
 631 
 632 jint universe_init() {
 633   assert(!Universe::_fully_initialized, "called after initialize_vtables");
 634   guarantee(1 << LogHeapWordSize == sizeof(HeapWord),
 635          "LogHeapWordSize is incorrect.");
 636   guarantee(sizeof(oop) >= sizeof(HeapWord), "HeapWord larger than oop?");
 637   guarantee(sizeof(oop) % sizeof(HeapWord) == 0,
 638             "oop size is not not a multiple of HeapWord size");
 639 
 640   TraceTime timer("Genesis", TRACETIME_LOG(Info, startuptime));
 641 
 642   JavaClasses::compute_hard_coded_offsets();
 643 
 644   jint status = Universe::initialize_heap();
 645   if (status != JNI_OK) {
 646     return status;
 647   }
 648 
 649   Metaspace::global_initialize();
 650 
 651   AOTLoader::universe_init();
 652 
 653   // Checks 'AfterMemoryInit' constraints.
 654   if (!CommandLineFlagConstraintList::check_constraints(CommandLineFlagConstraint::AfterMemoryInit)) {
 655     return JNI_EINVAL;
 656   }
 657 
 658   // Create memory for metadata.  Must be after initializing heap for
 659   // DumpSharedSpaces.
 660   ClassLoaderData::init_null_class_loader_data();
 661 
 662   // We have a heap so create the Method* caches before
 663   // Metaspace::initialize_shared_spaces() tries to populate them.
 664   Universe::_finalizer_register_cache = new LatestMethodCache();
 665   Universe::_loader_addClass_cache    = new LatestMethodCache();
 666   Universe::_pd_implies_cache         = new LatestMethodCache();
 667   Universe::_throw_illegal_access_error_cache = new LatestMethodCache();
 668   Universe::_do_stack_walk_cache = new LatestMethodCache();
 669 
 670   if (UseSharedSpaces) {
 671     // Read the data structures supporting the shared spaces (shared
 672     // system dictionary, symbol table, etc.).  After that, access to
 673     // the file (other than the mapped regions) is no longer needed, and
 674     // the file is closed. Closing the file does not affect the
 675     // currently mapped regions.
 676     MetaspaceShared::initialize_shared_spaces();
 677     StringTable::create_table();
 678   } else {
 679     SymbolTable::create_table();
 680     StringTable::create_table();
 681 
 682     if (DumpSharedSpaces) {
 683       MetaspaceShared::prepare_for_dumping();
 684     }
 685   }
 686   if (strlen(VerifySubSet) > 0) {
 687     Universe::initialize_verify_flags();
 688   }
 689 
 690   return JNI_OK;
 691 }
 692 
 693 CollectedHeap* Universe::create_heap() {
 694   assert(_collectedHeap == NULL, "Heap already created");
 695 #if !INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
 696   if (UseParallelGC) {
 697     fatal("UseParallelGC not supported in this VM.");
 698   } else if (UseG1GC) {
 699     fatal("UseG1GC not supported in this VM.");
 700   } else if (UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
 701     fatal("UseConcMarkSweepGC not supported in this VM.");
 702 #else
 703   if (UseParallelGC) {
 704     return Universe::create_heap_with_policy<ParallelScavengeHeap, GenerationSizer>();
 705   } else if (UseG1GC) {
 706     return Universe::create_heap_with_policy<G1CollectedHeap, G1CollectorPolicy>();
 707   } else if (UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
 708     return Universe::create_heap_with_policy<GenCollectedHeap, ConcurrentMarkSweepPolicy>();
 709 #endif
 710   } else if (UseSerialGC) {
 711     return Universe::create_heap_with_policy<GenCollectedHeap, MarkSweepPolicy>();
 712   }
 713 
 714   ShouldNotReachHere();
 715   return NULL;
 716 }
 717 
 718 // Choose the heap base address and oop encoding mode
 719 // when compressed oops are used:
 720 // Unscaled  - Use 32-bits oops without encoding when
 721 //     NarrowOopHeapBaseMin + heap_size < 4Gb
 722 // ZeroBased - Use zero based compressed oops with encoding when
 723 //     NarrowOopHeapBaseMin + heap_size < 32Gb
 724 // HeapBased - Use compressed oops with heap base + encoding.
 725 
 726 jint Universe::initialize_heap() {
 727   jint status = JNI_ERR;
 728 
 729   _collectedHeap = create_heap_ext();
 730   if (_collectedHeap == NULL) {
 731     _collectedHeap = create_heap();
 732   }
 733 
 734   status = _collectedHeap->initialize();
 735   if (status != JNI_OK) {
 736     return status;
 737   }
 738   log_info(gc)("Using %s", _collectedHeap->name());
 739 
 740   ThreadLocalAllocBuffer::set_max_size(Universe::heap()->max_tlab_size());
 741 
 742 #ifdef _LP64
 743   if (UseCompressedOops) {
 744     // Subtract a page because something can get allocated at heap base.
 745     // This also makes implicit null checking work, because the
 746     // memory+1 page below heap_base needs to cause a signal.
 747     // See needs_explicit_null_check.
 748     // Only set the heap base for compressed oops because it indicates
 749     // compressed oops for pstack code.
 750     if ((uint64_t)Universe::heap()->reserved_region().end() > UnscaledOopHeapMax) {
 751       // Didn't reserve heap below 4Gb.  Must shift.
 752       Universe::set_narrow_oop_shift(LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes);
 753     }
 754     if ((uint64_t)Universe::heap()->reserved_region().end() <= OopEncodingHeapMax) {
 755       // Did reserve heap below 32Gb. Can use base == 0;
 756       Universe::set_narrow_oop_base(0);
 757     }
 758 
 759     Universe::set_narrow_ptrs_base(Universe::narrow_oop_base());
 760 
 761     if (log_is_enabled(Info, gc, heap, coops)) {
 762       ResourceMark rm;
 763       outputStream* logst = Log(gc, heap, coops)::info_stream();
 764       Universe::print_compressed_oops_mode(logst);
 765     }
 766 
 767     // Tell tests in which mode we run.
 768     Arguments::PropertyList_add(new SystemProperty("java.vm.compressedOopsMode",
 769                                                    narrow_oop_mode_to_string(narrow_oop_mode()),
 770                                                    false));
 771   }
 772   // Universe::narrow_oop_base() is one page below the heap.
 773   assert((intptr_t)Universe::narrow_oop_base() <= (intptr_t)(Universe::heap()->base() -
 774          os::vm_page_size()) ||
 775          Universe::narrow_oop_base() == NULL, "invalid value");
 776   assert(Universe::narrow_oop_shift() == LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes ||
 777          Universe::narrow_oop_shift() == 0, "invalid value");
 778 #endif
 779 
 780   // We will never reach the CATCH below since Exceptions::_throw will cause
 781   // the VM to exit if an exception is thrown during initialization
 782 
 783   if (UseTLAB) {
 784     assert(Universe::heap()->supports_tlab_allocation(),
 785            "Should support thread-local allocation buffers");
 786     ThreadLocalAllocBuffer::startup_initialization();
 787   }
 788   return JNI_OK;
 789 }
 790 
 791 void Universe::print_compressed_oops_mode(outputStream* st) {
 792   st->print("Heap address: " PTR_FORMAT ", size: " SIZE_FORMAT " MB",
 793             p2i(Universe::heap()->base()), Universe::heap()->reserved_region().byte_size()/M);
 794 
 795   st->print(", Compressed Oops mode: %s", narrow_oop_mode_to_string(narrow_oop_mode()));
 796 
 797   if (Universe::narrow_oop_base() != 0) {
 798     st->print(": " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(Universe::narrow_oop_base()));
 799   }
 800 
 801   if (Universe::narrow_oop_shift() != 0) {
 802     st->print(", Oop shift amount: %d", Universe::narrow_oop_shift());
 803   }
 804 
 805   if (!Universe::narrow_oop_use_implicit_null_checks()) {
 806     st->print(", no protected page in front of the heap");
 807   }
 808   st->cr();
 809 }
 810 
 811 ReservedSpace Universe::reserve_heap(size_t heap_size, size_t alignment) {
 812 
 813   assert(alignment <= Arguments::conservative_max_heap_alignment(),
 814          "actual alignment " SIZE_FORMAT " must be within maximum heap alignment " SIZE_FORMAT,
 815          alignment, Arguments::conservative_max_heap_alignment());
 816 
 817   size_t total_reserved = align_size_up(heap_size, alignment);
 818   assert(!UseCompressedOops || (total_reserved <= (OopEncodingHeapMax - os::vm_page_size())),
 819       "heap size is too big for compressed oops");
 820 
 821   bool use_large_pages = UseLargePages && is_size_aligned(alignment, os::large_page_size());
 822   assert(!UseLargePages
 823       || UseParallelGC
 824       || use_large_pages, "Wrong alignment to use large pages");
 825 
 826   // Now create the space.
 827   ReservedHeapSpace total_rs(total_reserved, alignment, use_large_pages);
 828 
 829   if (total_rs.is_reserved()) {
 830     assert((total_reserved == total_rs.size()) && ((uintptr_t)total_rs.base() % alignment == 0),
 831            "must be exactly of required size and alignment");
 832     // We are good.
 833 
 834     if (UseCompressedOops) {
 835       // Universe::initialize_heap() will reset this to NULL if unscaled
 836       // or zero-based narrow oops are actually used.
 837       // Else heap start and base MUST differ, so that NULL can be encoded nonambigous.
 838       Universe::set_narrow_oop_base((address)total_rs.compressed_oop_base());
 839     }
 840 
 841     return total_rs;
 842   }
 843 
 844   vm_exit_during_initialization(
 845     err_msg("Could not reserve enough space for " SIZE_FORMAT "KB object heap",
 846             total_reserved/K));
 847 
 848   // satisfy compiler
 849   ShouldNotReachHere();
 850   return ReservedHeapSpace(0, 0, false);
 851 }
 852 
 853 
 854 // It's the caller's responsibility to ensure glitch-freedom
 855 // (if required).
 856 void Universe::update_heap_info_at_gc() {
 857   _heap_capacity_at_last_gc = heap()->capacity();
 858   _heap_used_at_last_gc     = heap()->used();
 859 }
 860 
 861 
 862 const char* Universe::narrow_oop_mode_to_string(Universe::NARROW_OOP_MODE mode) {
 863   switch (mode) {
 864     case UnscaledNarrowOop:
 865       return "32-bit";
 866     case ZeroBasedNarrowOop:
 867       return "Zero based";
 868     case DisjointBaseNarrowOop:
 869       return "Non-zero disjoint base";
 870     case HeapBasedNarrowOop:
 871       return "Non-zero based";
 872   }
 873 
 874   ShouldNotReachHere();
 875   return "";
 876 }
 877 
 878 
 879 Universe::NARROW_OOP_MODE Universe::narrow_oop_mode() {
 880   if (narrow_oop_base_disjoint()) {
 881     return DisjointBaseNarrowOop;
 882   }
 883 
 884   if (narrow_oop_base() != 0) {
 885     return HeapBasedNarrowOop;
 886   }
 887 
 888   if (narrow_oop_shift() != 0) {
 889     return ZeroBasedNarrowOop;
 890   }
 891 
 892   return UnscaledNarrowOop;
 893 }
 894 
 895 void initialize_known_method(LatestMethodCache* method_cache,
 896                              InstanceKlass* ik,
 897                              const char* method,
 898                              Symbol* signature,
 899                              bool is_static, TRAPS)
 900 {
 901   TempNewSymbol name = SymbolTable::new_symbol(method, CHECK);
 902   Method* m = NULL;
 903   // The klass must be linked before looking up the method.
 904   if (!ik->link_class_or_fail(THREAD) ||
 905       ((m = ik->find_method(name, signature)) == NULL) ||
 906       is_static != m->is_static()) {
 907     ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
 908     // NoSuchMethodException doesn't actually work because it tries to run the
 909     // <init> function before java_lang_Class is linked. Print error and exit.
 910     vm_exit_during_initialization(err_msg("Unable to link/verify %s.%s method",
 911                                  ik->name()->as_C_string(), method));
 912   }
 913   method_cache->init(ik, m);
 914 }
 915 
 916 void Universe::initialize_known_methods(TRAPS) {
 917   // Set up static method for registering finalizers
 918   initialize_known_method(_finalizer_register_cache,
 919                           SystemDictionary::Finalizer_klass(),
 920                           "register",
 921                           vmSymbols::object_void_signature(), true, CHECK);
 922 
 923   initialize_known_method(_throw_illegal_access_error_cache,
 924                           SystemDictionary::internal_Unsafe_klass(),
 925                           "throwIllegalAccessError",
 926                           vmSymbols::void_method_signature(), true, CHECK);
 927 
 928   // Set up method for registering loaded classes in class loader vector
 929   initialize_known_method(_loader_addClass_cache,
 930                           SystemDictionary::ClassLoader_klass(),
 931                           "addClass",
 932                           vmSymbols::class_void_signature(), false, CHECK);
 933 
 934   // Set up method for checking protection domain
 935   initialize_known_method(_pd_implies_cache,
 936                           SystemDictionary::ProtectionDomain_klass(),
 937                           "impliesCreateAccessControlContext",
 938                           vmSymbols::void_boolean_signature(), false, CHECK);
 939 
 940   // Set up method for stack walking
 941   initialize_known_method(_do_stack_walk_cache,
 942                           SystemDictionary::AbstractStackWalker_klass(),
 943                           "doStackWalk",
 944                           vmSymbols::doStackWalk_signature(), false, CHECK);
 945 }
 946 
 947 void universe2_init() {
 948   EXCEPTION_MARK;
 949   Universe::genesis(CATCH);
 950 }
 951 
 952 // Set after initialization of the module runtime, call_initModuleRuntime
 953 void universe_post_module_init() {
 954   Universe::_module_initialized = true;
 955 }
 956 
 957 bool universe_post_init() {
 958   assert(!is_init_completed(), "Error: initialization not yet completed!");
 959   Universe::_fully_initialized = true;
 960   EXCEPTION_MARK;
 961   { ResourceMark rm;
 962     Interpreter::initialize();      // needed for interpreter entry points
 963     if (!UseSharedSpaces) {
 964       HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 965       Klass* ok = SystemDictionary::Object_klass();
 966       Universe::reinitialize_vtable_of(ok, CHECK_false);
 967       Universe::reinitialize_itables(CHECK_false);
 968     }
 969   }
 970 
 971   HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 972   // Setup preallocated empty java.lang.Class array
 973   Universe::_the_empty_class_klass_array = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Class_klass(), 0, CHECK_false);
 974 
 975   // Setup preallocated OutOfMemoryError errors
 976   Klass* k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError(), true, CHECK_false);
 977   InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(k);
 978   Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap = ik->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 979   Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace = ik->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 980   Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace = ik->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 981   Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size = ik->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 982   Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit =
 983     ik->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 984   Universe::_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects = ik->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 985 
 986   // Setup preallocated cause message for delayed StackOverflowError
 987   if (StackReservedPages > 0) {
 988     Universe::_delayed_stack_overflow_error_message =
 989       java_lang_String::create_oop_from_str("Delayed StackOverflowError due to ReservedStackAccess annotated method", CHECK_false);
 990   }
 991 
 992   // Setup preallocated NullPointerException
 993   // (this is currently used for a cheap & dirty solution in compiler exception handling)
 994   k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException(), true, CHECK_false);
 995   Universe::_null_ptr_exception_instance = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 996   // Setup preallocated ArithmeticException
 997   // (this is currently used for a cheap & dirty solution in compiler exception handling)
 998   k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_ArithmeticException(), true, CHECK_false);
 999   Universe::_arithmetic_exception_instance = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1000   // Virtual Machine Error for when we get into a situation we can't resolve
1001   k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(
1002     vmSymbols::java_lang_VirtualMachineError(), true, CHECK_false);
1003   bool linked = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->link_class_or_fail(CHECK_false);
1004   if (!linked) {
1005      tty->print_cr("Unable to link/verify VirtualMachineError class");
1006      return false; // initialization failed
1007   }
1008   Universe::_virtual_machine_error_instance =
1009     InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1010 
1011   Universe::_vm_exception = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1012 
1013   if (!DumpSharedSpaces) {
1014     // These are the only Java fields that are currently set during shared space dumping.
1015     // We prefer to not handle this generally, so we always reinitialize these detail messages.
1016     Handle msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Java heap space", CHECK_false);
1017     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap, msg());
1018 
1019     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Metaspace", CHECK_false);
1020     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace, msg());
1021     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Compressed class space", CHECK_false);
1022     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace, msg());
1023 
1024     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Requested array size exceeds VM limit", CHECK_false);
1025     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size, msg());
1026 
1027     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("GC overhead limit exceeded", CHECK_false);
1028     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit, msg());
1029 
1030     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Java heap space: failed reallocation of scalar replaced objects", CHECK_false);
1031     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects, msg());
1032 
1033     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("/ by zero", CHECK_false);
1034     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_arithmetic_exception_instance, msg());
1035 
1036     // Setup the array of errors that have preallocated backtrace
1037     k = Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap->klass();
1038     assert(k->name() == vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError(), "should be out of memory error");
1039     ik = InstanceKlass::cast(k);
1040 
1041     int len = (StackTraceInThrowable) ? (int)PreallocatedOutOfMemoryErrorCount : 0;
1042     Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array = oopFactory::new_objArray(ik, len, CHECK_false);
1043     for (int i=0; i<len; i++) {
1044       oop err = ik->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1045       Handle err_h = Handle(THREAD, err);
1046       java_lang_Throwable::allocate_backtrace(err_h, CHECK_false);
1047       Universe::preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at_put(i, err_h());
1048     }
1049     Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count = (jint)len;
1050   }
1051 
1052   Universe::initialize_known_methods(CHECK_false);
1053 
1054   // This needs to be done before the first scavenge/gc, since
1055   // it's an input to soft ref clearing policy.
1056   {
1057     MutexLocker x(Heap_lock);
1058     Universe::update_heap_info_at_gc();
1059   }
1060 
1061   // ("weak") refs processing infrastructure initialization
1062   Universe::heap()->post_initialize();
1063 
1064   // Initialize performance counters for metaspaces
1065   MetaspaceCounters::initialize_performance_counters();
1066   CompressedClassSpaceCounters::initialize_performance_counters();
1067 
1068   MemoryService::add_metaspace_memory_pools();
1069 
1070   MemoryService::set_universe_heap(Universe::heap());
1071 #if INCLUDE_CDS
1072   SharedClassUtil::initialize(CHECK_false);
1073 #endif
1074   return true;
1075 }
1076 
1077 
1078 void Universe::compute_base_vtable_size() {
1079   _base_vtable_size = ClassLoader::compute_Object_vtable();
1080 }
1081 
1082 void Universe::print_on(outputStream* st) {
1083   GCMutexLocker hl(Heap_lock); // Heap_lock might be locked by caller thread.
1084   st->print_cr("Heap");
1085   heap()->print_on(st);
1086 }
1087 
1088 void Universe::print_heap_at_SIGBREAK() {
1089   if (PrintHeapAtSIGBREAK) {
1090     print_on(tty);
1091     tty->cr();
1092     tty->flush();
1093   }
1094 }
1095 
1096 void Universe::print_heap_before_gc() {
1097   Log(gc, heap) log;
1098   if (log.is_debug()) {
1099     log.debug("Heap before GC invocations=%u (full %u):", heap()->total_collections(), heap()->total_full_collections());
1100     ResourceMark rm;
1101     heap()->print_on(log.debug_stream());
1102   }
1103 }
1104 
1105 void Universe::print_heap_after_gc() {
1106   Log(gc, heap) log;
1107   if (log.is_debug()) {
1108     log.debug("Heap after GC invocations=%u (full %u):", heap()->total_collections(), heap()->total_full_collections());
1109     ResourceMark rm;
1110     heap()->print_on(log.debug_stream());
1111   }
1112 }
1113 
1114 void Universe::initialize_verify_flags() {
1115   verify_flags = 0;
1116   const char delimiter[] = " ,";
1117 
1118   size_t length = strlen(VerifySubSet);
1119   char* subset_list = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, length + 1, mtInternal);
1120   strncpy(subset_list, VerifySubSet, length + 1);
1121 
1122   char* token = strtok(subset_list, delimiter);
1123   while (token != NULL) {
1124     if (strcmp(token, "threads") == 0) {
1125       verify_flags |= Verify_Threads;
1126     } else if (strcmp(token, "heap") == 0) {
1127       verify_flags |= Verify_Heap;
1128     } else if (strcmp(token, "symbol_table") == 0) {
1129       verify_flags |= Verify_SymbolTable;
1130     } else if (strcmp(token, "string_table") == 0) {
1131       verify_flags |= Verify_StringTable;
1132     } else if (strcmp(token, "codecache") == 0) {
1133       verify_flags |= Verify_CodeCache;
1134     } else if (strcmp(token, "dictionary") == 0) {
1135       verify_flags |= Verify_SystemDictionary;
1136     } else if (strcmp(token, "classloader_data_graph") == 0) {
1137       verify_flags |= Verify_ClassLoaderDataGraph;
1138     } else if (strcmp(token, "metaspace") == 0) {
1139       verify_flags |= Verify_MetaspaceAux;
1140     } else if (strcmp(token, "jni_handles") == 0) {
1141       verify_flags |= Verify_JNIHandles;
1142     } else if (strcmp(token, "codecache_oops") == 0) {
1143       verify_flags |= Verify_CodeCacheOops;
1144     } else {
1145       vm_exit_during_initialization(err_msg("VerifySubSet: \'%s\' memory sub-system is unknown, please correct it", token));
1146     }
1147     token = strtok(NULL, delimiter);
1148   }
1149   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, subset_list);
1150 }
1151 
1152 bool Universe::should_verify_subset(uint subset) {
1153   if (verify_flags & subset) {
1154     return true;
1155   }
1156   return false;
1157 }
1158 
1159 void Universe::verify(VerifyOption option, const char* prefix) {
1160   // The use of _verify_in_progress is a temporary work around for
1161   // 6320749.  Don't bother with a creating a class to set and clear
1162   // it since it is only used in this method and the control flow is
1163   // straight forward.
1164   _verify_in_progress = true;
1165 
1166   COMPILER2_PRESENT(
1167     assert(!DerivedPointerTable::is_active(),
1168          "DPT should not be active during verification "
1169          "(of thread stacks below)");
1170   )
1171 
1172   ResourceMark rm;
1173   HandleMark hm;  // Handles created during verification can be zapped
1174   _verify_count++;
1175 
1176   FormatBuffer<> title("Verifying %s", prefix);
1177   GCTraceTime(Info, gc, verify) tm(title.buffer());
1178   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_Threads)) {
1179     log_debug(gc, verify)("Threads");
1180     Threads::verify();
1181   }
1182   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_Heap)) {
1183     log_debug(gc, verify)("Heap");
1184     heap()->verify(option);
1185   }
1186   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_SymbolTable)) {
1187     log_debug(gc, verify)("SymbolTable");
1188     SymbolTable::verify();
1189   }
1190   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_StringTable)) {
1191     log_debug(gc, verify)("StringTable");
1192     StringTable::verify();
1193   }
1194   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_CodeCache)) {
1195   {
1196     MutexLockerEx mu(CodeCache_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
1197     log_debug(gc, verify)("CodeCache");
1198     CodeCache::verify();
1199   }
1200   }
1201   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_SystemDictionary)) {
1202     log_debug(gc, verify)("SystemDictionary");
1203     SystemDictionary::verify();
1204   }
1205 #ifndef PRODUCT
1206   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_ClassLoaderDataGraph)) {
1207     log_debug(gc, verify)("ClassLoaderDataGraph");
1208     ClassLoaderDataGraph::verify();
1209   }
1210 #endif
1211   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_MetaspaceAux)) {
1212     log_debug(gc, verify)("MetaspaceAux");
1213     MetaspaceAux::verify_free_chunks();
1214   }
1215   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_JNIHandles)) {
1216     log_debug(gc, verify)("JNIHandles");
1217     JNIHandles::verify();
1218   }
1219   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_CodeCacheOops)) {
1220     log_debug(gc, verify)("CodeCache Oops");
1221     CodeCache::verify_oops();
1222   }
1223 
1224   _verify_in_progress = false;
1225 }
1226 
1227 
1228 #ifndef PRODUCT
1229 void Universe::calculate_verify_data(HeapWord* low_boundary, HeapWord* high_boundary) {
1230   assert(low_boundary < high_boundary, "bad interval");
1231 
1232   // decide which low-order bits we require to be clear:
1233   size_t alignSize = MinObjAlignmentInBytes;
1234   size_t min_object_size = CollectedHeap::min_fill_size();
1235 
1236   // make an inclusive limit:
1237   uintptr_t max = (uintptr_t)high_boundary - min_object_size*wordSize;
1238   uintptr_t min = (uintptr_t)low_boundary;
1239   assert(min < max, "bad interval");
1240   uintptr_t diff = max ^ min;
1241 
1242   // throw away enough low-order bits to make the diff vanish
1243   uintptr_t mask = (uintptr_t)(-1);
1244   while ((mask & diff) != 0)
1245     mask <<= 1;
1246   uintptr_t bits = (min & mask);
1247   assert(bits == (max & mask), "correct mask");
1248   // check an intermediate value between min and max, just to make sure:
1249   assert(bits == ((min + (max-min)/2) & mask), "correct mask");
1250 
1251   // require address alignment, too:
1252   mask |= (alignSize - 1);
1253 
1254   if (!(_verify_oop_mask == 0 && _verify_oop_bits == (uintptr_t)-1)) {
1255     assert(_verify_oop_mask == mask && _verify_oop_bits == bits, "mask stability");
1256   }
1257   _verify_oop_mask = mask;
1258   _verify_oop_bits = bits;
1259 }
1260 
1261 // Oop verification (see MacroAssembler::verify_oop)
1262 
1263 uintptr_t Universe::verify_oop_mask() {
1264   MemRegion m = heap()->reserved_region();
1265   calculate_verify_data(m.start(), m.end());
1266   return _verify_oop_mask;
1267 }
1268 
1269 uintptr_t Universe::verify_oop_bits() {
1270   MemRegion m = heap()->reserved_region();
1271   calculate_verify_data(m.start(), m.end());
1272   return _verify_oop_bits;
1273 }
1274 
1275 uintptr_t Universe::verify_mark_mask() {
1276   return markOopDesc::lock_mask_in_place;
1277 }
1278 
1279 uintptr_t Universe::verify_mark_bits() {
1280   intptr_t mask = verify_mark_mask();
1281   intptr_t bits = (intptr_t)markOopDesc::prototype();
1282   assert((bits & ~mask) == 0, "no stray header bits");
1283   return bits;
1284 }
1285 #endif // PRODUCT
1286 
1287 
1288 void Universe::compute_verify_oop_data() {
1289   verify_oop_mask();
1290   verify_oop_bits();
1291   verify_mark_mask();
1292   verify_mark_bits();
1293 }
1294 
1295 
1296 void LatestMethodCache::init(Klass* k, Method* m) {
1297   if (!UseSharedSpaces) {
1298     _klass = k;
1299   }
1300 #ifndef PRODUCT
1301   else {
1302     // sharing initilization should have already set up _klass
1303     assert(_klass != NULL, "just checking");
1304   }
1305 #endif
1306 
1307   _method_idnum = m->method_idnum();
1308   assert(_method_idnum >= 0, "sanity check");
1309 }
1310 
1311 
1312 Method* LatestMethodCache::get_method() {
1313   if (klass() == NULL) return NULL;
1314   InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(klass());
1315   Method* m = ik->method_with_idnum(method_idnum());
1316   assert(m != NULL, "sanity check");
1317   return m;
1318 }
1319 
1320 
1321 #ifdef ASSERT
1322 // Release dummy object(s) at bottom of heap
1323 bool Universe::release_fullgc_alot_dummy() {
1324   MutexLocker ml(FullGCALot_lock);
1325   if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_array != NULL) {
1326     if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_next >= _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->length()) {
1327       // No more dummies to release, release entire array instead
1328       _fullgc_alot_dummy_array = NULL;
1329       return false;
1330     }
1331     if (!UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
1332       // Release dummy at bottom of old generation
1333       _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->obj_at_put(_fullgc_alot_dummy_next++, NULL);
1334     }
1335     // Release dummy at bottom of permanent generation
1336     _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->obj_at_put(_fullgc_alot_dummy_next++, NULL);
1337   }
1338   return true;
1339 }
1340 
1341 #endif // ASSERT