1 # 2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 3 # 4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this 7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 9 # 10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 14 # accompanied this code). 15 # 16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 19 # 20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 22 # questions. 23 # 24 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 25 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 26 27 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 28 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 29 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 30 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 31 32 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31): 33 # 34 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 35 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 36 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 37 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 38 # 39 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source 40 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 41 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 42 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 43 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 44 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 45 # 46 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 47 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 48 # 49 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 50 # entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 51 # 52 # Other sources occasionally used include: 53 # 54 # Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 55 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), 56 # which I found in the UCLA library. 57 # 58 # William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition 59 # <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf> 60 # [PDF] (1914-03) 61 # 62 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 63 # <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. He writes: 64 # "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables 65 # may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society, 66 # Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org. 67 # 68 # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919. 69 # This Russian-language source was consulted by Vladimir Karpinsky; see 70 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html 71 # The full Russian citation is: 72 # Бялокоз, Евгений Людвигович. Новый счет времени в течении суток 73 # введенный декретом Совета народных комиссаров для всей России с 1-го 74 # июля 1919 г. / Изд. 2-е Междуведомственной комиссии. - Петроград: 75 # Десятая гос. тип., 1919. 76 # http://resolver.gpntb.ru/purl?docushare/dsweb/Get/Resource-2011/Byalokoz__E.L.__Novyy__schet__vremeni__v__techenie__sutok__izd__2(1).pdf 77 # 78 # Brazil's Divisão Serviço da Hora (DSHO), 79 # History of Summer Time 80 # <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm> 81 # (1998-09-21, in Portuguese) 82 83 # 84 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; 85 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 86 # Corrections are welcome! 87 # std dst 2dst 88 # LMT Local Mean Time 89 # -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic 90 # -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland* 91 # -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland* 92 # 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer 93 # 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer 94 # 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe 95 # 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)* 96 # 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)* 97 # 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971) 98 # 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe 99 # 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)* 100 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe 101 # 3:00 FET Further-eastern Europe (2011-2014)* 102 # 3:00 MSK MSD MSM* Minsk, Moscow 103 104 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04), 105 # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, 106 # Luxembourg, the Netherlands. 107 # Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom. 108 # Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece. 109 # Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal. 110 # Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for 111 # entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8% 112 # on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous 113 # referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice. 114 # Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.) 115 # ... 116 # Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT. 117 # I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards. 118 # ... 119 # There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules]. 120 # A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact 121 # national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the 122 # different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed 123 # in the Directive. 124 125 126 ############################################################################### 127 128 # Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire) 129 130 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06): 131 # 132 # On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about 133 # historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo 134 # and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph 135 # of the text said: 136 # 137 # 'An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands 138 # beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude 139 # was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed 140 # this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They 141 # made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament, 142 # but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking 143 # along the towpath within a few yards of it.' 144 # 145 # I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's 146 # position is 51 degrees 28' 30" N, 0 degrees 18' 45" W. The longitude should 147 # be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. 148 # 149 # [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] 150 151 # From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18): 152 # 153 # Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. 154 # The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, 155 # and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country. 156 # The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828) 157 # and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903). 158 # The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway 159 # in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most 160 # (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the 161 # Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be 162 # adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it. 163 # The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian, 164 # and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many 165 # railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public 166 # clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock 167 # on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands, 168 # one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal 169 # system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading 170 # to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. 171 # The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition 172 # of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02. 173 # 174 # In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single 175 # transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much 176 # about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time. 177 178 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-19): 179 # The ancients had no need for daylight saving, as they kept time 180 # informally or via hours whose length depended on the time of year. 181 # Daylight saving time in its modern sense was invented by the 182 # New Zealand entomologist George Vernon Hudson (1867-1946), 183 # whose day job as a postal clerk led him to value 184 # after-hours daylight in which to pursue his research. 185 # In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society 186 # that proposed a two-hour daylight-saving shift. See: 187 # Hudson GV. On seasonal time-adjustment in countries south of lat. 30 deg. 188 # Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 1895;28:734 189 # http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_28/rsnz_28_00_006110.html 190 # Although some interest was expressed in New Zealand, his proposal 191 # did not find its way into law and eventually it was almost forgotten. 192 # 193 # In England, DST was independently reinvented by William Willett (1857-1915), 194 # a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society 195 # who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907) 196 # that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, 197 # and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. 198 # A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, 199 # but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. 200 # Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and 201 # it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. 202 # See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18). 203 # A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in 204 # a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular 205 # subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith, 206 # designed by G. W. Miller, is the William Willett Memorial Sundial, 207 # which is permanently set to Summer Time. 208 209 # From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28): 210 # It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of 211 # summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country 212 # between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which 213 # plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the 214 # foundations of civilization throughout the world. 215 # -- "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly; 216 # republished in Finest Hour (Spring 2002) 1(114):26 217 # http://www.winstonchurchill.org/images/finesthour/Vol.01%20No.114.pdf 218 219 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08): 220 # The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving" 221 # when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this 222 # term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the 223 # proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer". 224 # The term "Summer Time" was introduced by Herbert Samuel, Home Secretary; see: 225 # Viscount Samuel. Leisure in a Democracy. Cambridge University Press 226 # ISBN 978-1-107-49471-8 (1949, reissued 2015), p 8. 227 228 # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19): 229 # A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's 230 # known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. 231 232 # Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) 233 # From: Jonathan Leffler 234 # [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. 235 # If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in 236 # politics making a fortune, not computing. 237 238 # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14): 239 # I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the 240 # acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published 241 # time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and 242 # if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T." 243 244 # From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02): 245 # ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the 246 # main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516) 247 # agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945). 248 249 # From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03): 250 # On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir 251 # Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any 252 # official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't 253 # but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British 254 # Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally. 255 # http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/bbc-19410418.png 256 # http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ho-19410421.png 257 258 # From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21): 259 # [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time 260 # which is to be introduced in May.... 261 # I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time" 262 # which could not be said to run counter to any official description. 263 264 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): 265 # Howse writes (p 157) 'DBST' too, but 'BDST' seems to have been common 266 # and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first, 267 # so we use 'BDST'. 268 269 # Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length 270 # the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. 271 # Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating 272 # and extending this list, which can be found in 273 # http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ 274 275 # From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06): 276 # 277 # The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; 278 # see Lord Tanlaw's speech 279 # http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo970611/text/70611-10.htm#70611-10_head0 280 # (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976). 281 282 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 283 # 284 # For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948. 285 # 286 # Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger 287 # are incorrect: 288 # * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until 289 # 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain. 290 # Actually, Wales was identical after 1880. 291 # * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1. 292 # It actually just had one transition. 293 # * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II. 294 # Actually, it conformed to Britain. 295 # * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18. 296 # Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time. 297 # Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change). 298 # 299 # Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger: 300 # * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT 301 # to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to 302 # conform with Great Britain. 303 # S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise. 304 # 305 # The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful; 306 # we'll ignore it for now. 307 # * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00. 308 # 309 # 310 # Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than 311 # Shanks & Pottenger. 312 # Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory 313 # (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was 314 # to London. For example: 315 # 316 # "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time." 317 # -- James Joyce, Ulysses 318 319 # "Countess Markievicz ... claimed that the [1916] abolition of Dublin Mean Time 320 # was among various actions undertaken by the 'English' government that 321 # would 'put the whole country into the SF (Sinn Féin) camp'. She claimed 322 # Irish 'public feeling (was) outraged by forcing of English time on us'." 323 # -- Parsons M. Dublin lost its time zone - and 25 minutes - after 1916 Rising. 324 # Irish Times 2014-10-27. 325 # http://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/dublin-lost-its-time-zone-and-25-minutes-after-1916-rising-1.1977411 326 327 # From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26): 328 # Irish laws are available online at <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie>. 329 # These include various relating to legal time, for example: 330 # 331 # ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html 332 # 333 # ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html 334 # ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html 335 # 336 # ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html 337 # ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html 338 # ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html 339 # 340 # ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html 341 # ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html 342 # ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html 343 # 344 # [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is 345 # <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.] 346 # 347 # (These are those I found, but there could be more. In any case these 348 # should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover 349 # the laws applicable in Ireland.) 350 # 351 # (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined 352 # in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it 353 # is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time 354 # being GMT+1.) 355 356 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28): 357 # Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31) 358 # reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time 359 # (CT), equivalent to French civil time. 360 # Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that 361 # trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door) 362 # and Frethun run in CT. 363 # My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities, 364 # the French concession operators and the British civil authorities, 365 # and that the time depends on who you're talking to. 366 # If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason, 367 # I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST. 368 # This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST. 369 370 # From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02): 371 # The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94, 372 # which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive No. 94/21/EC. 373 # Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate 374 # regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of 375 # Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is 376 # "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST". 377 378 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 379 # Summer Time Act, 1916 380 Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST 381 Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT 382 # S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358 383 Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST 384 Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT 385 # S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274 386 Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST 387 Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT 388 # S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297 389 Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST 390 Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT 391 # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 392 Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST 393 # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844 394 Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT 395 # S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363 396 Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 397 Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT 398 # S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 399 Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST 400 Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT 401 # The Summer Time Act, 1922 402 Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 403 Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 404 Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 405 Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 406 # The Summer Time Act, 1925 407 Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 408 Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 409 Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 410 Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 411 Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 412 Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 413 Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 414 Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 415 Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 416 Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 417 Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 418 # S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379 419 Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 420 # S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883 421 Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST 422 # S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476 423 Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 424 Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 425 # S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506 426 Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 427 # S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932 428 Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST 429 # S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312 430 Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 431 Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 432 # S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208 433 Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 434 Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 435 # The Summer Time Act, 1947 436 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST 437 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST 438 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST 439 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT 440 # Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495) 441 Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST 442 Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT 443 # Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373) 444 Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 445 Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT 446 # Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518) 447 # Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430) 448 # Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451) 449 Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST 450 Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT 451 # revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925 452 Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 453 Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 454 Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 455 Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 456 Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 457 Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 458 Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 459 # Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71) 460 # Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465) 461 # Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81) 462 Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST 463 Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 464 # Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101) 465 # Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201) 466 # Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148) 467 Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST 468 # Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117) 469 Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST 470 # The British Standard Time Act, 1968 471 # (no summer time) 472 # The Summer Time Act, 1972 473 Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 474 Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 475 # Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089) 476 # Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673) 477 # Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223) 478 # Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931) 479 Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST 480 Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT 481 # Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) 482 # Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) 483 # Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) 484 Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT 485 # Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) 486 # See EU for rules starting in 1996. 487 # 488 # Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man. 489 490 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 491 Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s 492 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 493 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 494 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 495 0:00 EU GMT/BST 496 Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey 497 Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey 498 Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man 499 500 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 501 Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 502 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 503 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s 504 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence 505 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 506 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 507 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 508 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00 509 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00 510 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27 511 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 512 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996 513 0:00 EU GMT/IST 514 515 ############################################################################### 516 517 # Europe 518 519 # EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC, 520 # Common Market, etc. 521 522 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 523 Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S 524 Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 525 Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 - 526 Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 527 Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 528 Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 529 # The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See: 530 # Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 531 # of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements. 532 # http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT 533 534 # W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time. 535 Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 536 Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 537 Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 - 538 Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 539 Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 540 Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 541 542 # Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables. 543 # From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time. 544 Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 545 Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 546 Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 547 Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 548 Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S 549 Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - 550 Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S 551 Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - 552 Rule C-Eur 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 553 # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 554 Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - 555 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-07-13): 556 # 557 # I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s 558 # in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was 559 # corrected in version 2008d). The circumstantial evidence is simply the 560 # tz database itself, as seen below: 561 # 562 # Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 563 # 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 564 # 565 # Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 566 # 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 567 # 568 # Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 569 # 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 570 # 571 # Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 572 # Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 573 # Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 574 # 575 # The rule line to be changed is: 576 # 577 # Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 - 578 # 579 # It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on 580 # 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time. However there are no 581 # countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items 582 # affected are apparently these fictitious zones that translate acronyms 583 # CET and MET: 584 # 585 # Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 586 # Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 587 # 588 # It this is right then the corrected version would look like: 589 # 590 # Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 591 # 592 # A small step for mankind though 8-) 593 Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 594 Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 595 Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 596 Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 597 Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 598 Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 599 Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 600 601 # E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time. 602 Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 603 Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 604 Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 605 Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 606 Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 607 Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 608 609 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 610 Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time 611 Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time 612 Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time 613 Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST 614 Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST 615 Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 MSD 616 Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 MSK 617 Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 MSD 618 Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 MSM # Midsummer 619 Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 MSD 620 Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 621 # Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24): 622 Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 623 Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 624 # Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in 625 # Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14): 626 Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 627 Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 628 # 629 Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 630 Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 631 Rule Russia 1993 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 632 Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 633 Rule Russia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 634 # As described below, Russia's 2014 change affects Zone data, not Rule data. 635 636 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14): 637 # According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev 638 # signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011. 639 # According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time. 640 # 641 # Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian): 642 # http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583 643 # 644 # Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian): 645 # http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html 646 647 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): 648 # Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered 649 # to be standard. 650 651 # These are for backward compatibility with older versions. 652 653 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 654 Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT 655 Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 656 Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 657 Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT 658 659 # Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST 660 # for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage. 661 662 # From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12): 663 # The official German names ... are 664 # 665 # Mitteleuropäische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00 666 # Mitteleuropäische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00 667 # 668 # as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz über die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG), 669 # 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111).... 670 # I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution 671 # 672 # Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) 673 # Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit" 674 # Postfach 3345 675 # D-38023 Braunschweig 676 # phone: +49 531 592-0 677 # 678 # ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB 679 # department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the 680 # PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as 681 # 682 # Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00 683 # Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00 684 685 686 # Albania 687 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 688 Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S 689 Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 690 Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 691 Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - 692 Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S 693 Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 694 Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 695 Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 696 Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 697 Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 698 Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 699 Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 700 Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 701 Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 702 Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S 703 Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 704 Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S 705 Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 706 Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S 707 Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 708 Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 709 Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 710 Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S 711 Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 712 Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 713 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 714 Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 715 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16 716 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul 717 1:00 EU CE%sT 718 719 # Andorra 720 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 721 Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 722 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30 723 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 724 1:00 EU CE%sT 725 726 # Austria 727 728 # Milne says Vienna time was 1:05:21. 729 730 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and 731 # 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and 732 # Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged" 733 # date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition 734 # Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV, 735 # and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12. 736 737 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 738 Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S 739 Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 - 740 Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 741 Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 742 Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S 743 Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 744 Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 745 Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 746 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 747 Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:21 - LMT 1893 Apr 748 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920 749 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s 750 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 751 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s 752 1:00 - CET 1946 753 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981 754 1:00 EU CE%sT 755 756 # Belarus 757 # From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16): 758 # By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to 759 # GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST). 760 # 761 # Sources (Russian language): 762 # http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html 763 # http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/ 764 # http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html 765 # 766 # From Alexander Bokovoy (2014-10-09): 767 # Belarussian government decided against changing to winter time.... 768 # http://eng.belta.by/all_news/society/Belarus-decides-against-adjusting-time-in-Russias-wake_i_76335.html 769 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-08): 770 # Hence Belarus can share time zone abbreviations with Moscow again. 771 # 772 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 773 Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 774 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time 775 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 776 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28 777 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3 778 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 779 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 780 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 781 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s 782 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s 783 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 784 3:00 - FET 2014 Oct 26 1:00s 785 3:00 - MSK 786 787 # Belgium 788 # 789 # From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02): 790 # Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from: 791 # Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique, 792 # Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe année, 1991 793 # (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC), 794 # pp 8-9. 795 # LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium: 796 # Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121. 797 # Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references. 798 # The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium. 799 # Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect. 800 # 801 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 802 Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S 803 Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 804 Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 805 Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 806 Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 807 Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 808 Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 809 Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 810 Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 811 Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S 812 Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 813 Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 814 # DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd 815 # Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier), 816 # to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15 817 # changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT. 818 Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 819 Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 820 Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 821 Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 822 Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S 823 Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S 824 Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 825 Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 826 Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S 827 Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 828 Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 829 Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 830 Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S 831 Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S 832 Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S 833 Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 - 834 Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S 835 Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - 836 Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 837 Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 838 Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S 839 Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 840 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 841 Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880 842 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT 843 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8 844 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00 845 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u 846 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s 847 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3 848 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 849 1:00 EU CE%sT 850 851 # Bosnia and Herzegovina 852 # See Europe/Belgrade. 853 854 # Bulgaria 855 # 856 # From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 857 # A document of Government of Bulgaria (No. 94/1997) says: 858 # EET -> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ... 859 # EETDST -> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October 860 # 861 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 862 Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S 863 Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 864 Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S 865 Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 - 866 Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 - 867 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 868 Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 869 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT? 870 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00 871 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 872 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00 873 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 874 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 3:00 875 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 876 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 877 2:00 EU EE%sT 878 879 # Croatia 880 # See Europe/Belgrade. 881 882 # Cyprus 883 # Please see the 'asia' file for Asia/Nicosia. 884 885 # Czech Republic 886 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 887 Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 888 Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 889 Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S 890 Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 891 Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S 892 Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 893 Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S 894 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 895 Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 896 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time 897 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s 898 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 899 1:00 EU CE%sT 900 # Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia. 901 902 # Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland 903 904 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26): 905 # http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law 906 # [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01.... 907 # The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL 908 # confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29. 909 # 910 # The EU treaty with effect from 1973: 911 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL 912 # 913 # This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes 914 # in subsequent decrees with the law 915 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL 916 # 917 # It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have 918 # not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST 919 # changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to 920 # 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from 921 # the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know 922 # when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only 923 # confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981: 924 # The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning 925 # working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which 926 # was suspended on that night): 927 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL 928 929 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-06-11): 930 # The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between 931 # Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two. 932 933 # From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11): 934 # Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not 935 # wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980. 936 937 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 938 Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 939 Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - 940 Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 941 Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 942 Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - 943 Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S 944 Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - 945 Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 946 Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - 947 Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S 948 Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - 949 # 950 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 951 Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 952 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT 953 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 954 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 955 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 956 1:00 EU CE%sT 957 Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Tórshavn 958 0:00 - WET 1981 959 0:00 EU WE%sT 960 # 961 # From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31): 962 # During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in 963 # East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones. 964 # My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard. 965 # 966 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 967 # Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, 968 # and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU 969 # rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthåb 970 # used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU 971 # rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980. 972 973 # From Gwillim Law (2001-06-06), citing 974 # <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15), 975 # and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen: 976 # 977 # Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC 978 # is according to the following time line: 979 # 980 # The military zone near Thule UTC-4 981 # Standard Greenland time UTC-3 982 # Scoresbysund UTC-1 983 # Danmarkshavn UTC 984 # 985 # In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be 986 # introduced. 987 988 # From Rives McDow (2001-11-01): 989 # 990 # I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at 991 # the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have 992 # not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have 993 # info from earlier correspondence.] 994 # 995 # According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule 996 # Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight 997 # savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time.... 998 # 999 # The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund 1000 # uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst. 1001 # There are just a few stations on this coast, including the 1002 # Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th 1003 # email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in 1004 # Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the 1005 # DPC research station at Zackenberg. 1006 # 1007 # Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use 1008 # the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthåb). 1009 # 1010 # The rest of Greenland, including Godthåb (this area, although it 1011 # includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time 1012 # UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules. 1013 # 1014 # It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and 1015 # North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators 1016 # maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of 1017 # this area is that it sticks with Godthåb time. This area might be 1018 # considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this. 1019 1020 # From Rives McDow (2001-11-19): 1021 # I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place 1022 # there at 2:00 AM. 1023 1024 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1025 # From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT; 1026 # the 1995 map as like Godthåb. 1027 # For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthåb before 1996. 1028 # startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error, 1029 # so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year. 1030 # For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules. 1031 # 1032 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1033 Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1034 Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S 1035 Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1036 Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 1037 Rule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D 1038 Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 1039 # 1040 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1041 Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 1042 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1043 -3:00 EU WG%sT 1996 1044 0:00 - GMT 1045 Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit 1046 -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1047 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29 1048 -1:00 EU EG%sT 1049 Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk 1050 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1051 -3:00 EU WG%sT 1052 Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base 1053 -4:00 Thule A%sT 1054 1055 # Estonia 1056 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15): 1057 # A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards 1058 # [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, 1059 # a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... 1060 # 1061 # From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28): 1062 # [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s, 1063 # but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:] 1064 # "I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different 1065 # (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules 1066 # conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia.... 1067 # A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on 1068 # human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to 1069 # summer time next spring." 1070 1071 # From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited: 1072 # The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law 1073 # http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390 1074 # refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between 1075 # the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22-27, 120). 1076 # 1077 # I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation 1078 # for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg" 1079 # (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time). 1080 1081 # From The Baltic Times <http://www.baltictimes.com/> (1999-09-09) 1082 # via Steffen Thorsen: 1083 # This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time, 1084 # a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6.... 1085 # But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European 1086 # Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory 1087 # for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do 1088 # after that. 1089 1090 # From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29): 1091 # Regulation No. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation 1092 # No. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all 1093 # the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01. 1094 1095 # From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21): 1096 # The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics. 1097 # Now we are using again EU rules. 1098 # 1099 # From Urmet Jänes (2002-03-28): 1100 # The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21. 1101 1102 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1103 Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 1104 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time 1105 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul 1106 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May 1107 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 1108 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 1109 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 1110 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 1111 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s 1112 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22 1113 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Oct 31 4:00 1114 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21 1115 2:00 EU EE%sT 1116 1117 # Finland 1118 1119 # From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC): 1120 # Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, 1121 # and it's supposed to change at 4am... 1122 1123 # From Janne Snabb (2010-07-15): 1124 # 1125 # I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982. 1126 # During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour 1127 # earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made 1128 # according to the central European standards. 1129 # 1130 # This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac 1131 # Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in 1132 # Finnish) at 1133 # http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf 1134 # 1135 # Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings 1136 # transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills. 1137 # 1138 # This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at: 1139 # http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401 1140 # 1141 # The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not 1142 # exist tonight." 1143 1144 # From Konstantin Hyppönen (2014-06-13): 1145 # [Heikki Oja's book Aikakirja 2013] 1146 # http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/images/aikakirja/Aikakirja2013kokonaan.pdf 1147 # pages 104-105, including a scan from a newspaper published on Apr 2 1942 1148 # say that ... [o]n Apr 2 1942, 24 o'clock (which means Apr 3 1942, 1149 # 00:00), clocks were moved one hour forward. The newspaper 1150 # mentions "on the night from Thursday to Friday".... 1151 # On Oct 4 1942, clocks were moved at 1:00 one hour backwards. 1152 # 1153 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-14): 1154 # Go with Oja over Shanks. 1155 1156 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1157 Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 2 24:00 1:00 S 1158 Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 4 1:00 0 - 1159 Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 1160 Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 1161 1162 # Milne says Helsinki (Helsingfors) time was 1:39:49.2 (official document); 1163 # round to nearest. 1164 1165 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1166 Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:49 - LMT 1878 May 31 1167 1:39:49 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time 1168 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1983 1169 2:00 EU EE%sT 1170 1171 # Åland Is 1172 Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn 1173 1174 1175 # France 1176 1177 # From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20): 1178 # 1179 # Henri Le Corre, Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, Éditions 1180 # Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993 1181 # 1182 # Gabriel, Traité de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Trédaniel, 1183 # Paris, 1991 1184 # 1185 # Françoise Gauquelin, Problèmes de l'heure résolus en astrologie, 1186 # Guy Trédaniel, Paris 1987 1187 1188 1189 # 1190 # Shank & Pottenger seem to use '24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman. 1191 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1192 Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1193 Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 1194 Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 1195 Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1196 Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 1197 Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1198 Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 1199 Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1200 Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 1201 Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1202 # DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st 1203 # Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions 1204 # were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1205 Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1206 Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S 1207 Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 1208 Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 1209 Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 1210 Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1211 Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1212 Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 1213 Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S 1214 Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1215 Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 1216 Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1217 Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 1218 Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 1219 Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1220 Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 1221 Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 1222 Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1223 Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1224 Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 1225 # The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger 1226 # write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations. 1227 # Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arnéguy, Orthez, 1228 # Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamothe-Montravel, Marœuil, La 1229 # Rochefoucauld, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes, 1230 # Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin, 1231 # Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalon-sur-Saône, Arbois, 1232 # Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie). 1233 Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 1234 # Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00, 1235 # but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12), 1236 # who quotes the Ephémérides astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes 1237 # as saying 5/10/41 22hUT. 1238 Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S 1239 Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M 1240 Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S 1241 Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M 1242 Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S 1243 Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M 1244 Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S 1245 Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M 1246 Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 1247 # Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00; 1248 # go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT. 1249 Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S 1250 Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 - 1251 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05, 1252 # but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21. 1253 # Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based 1254 # on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC. 1255 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1256 Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 1257 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT 1258 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre. 1259 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00 1260 # Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation; 1261 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1262 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25 1263 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1264 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1265 1:00 EU CE%sT 1266 1267 # Germany 1268 1269 # From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29): 1270 # The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische 1271 # Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916. 1272 # [See tz-link.htm for the URL.] 1273 1274 # From Jörg Schilling (2002-10-23): 1275 # In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by 1276 # http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/ 1277 # General [Nikolai] Bersarin. 1278 1279 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08): 1280 # http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf 1281 # says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20. 1282 # However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so 1283 # this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4. 1284 1285 1286 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1287 Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 1288 Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 1289 Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1290 # http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition 1291 # occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger. 1292 # Go with the PTB. 1293 Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 3:00s 1:00 S 1294 Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M 1295 Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S 1296 Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 1297 Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 1298 1299 Rule SovietZone 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 1300 Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S 1301 Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 1302 1303 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1304 Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr 1305 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00 1306 1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946 1307 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980 1308 1:00 EU CE%sT 1309 1310 # From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12): 1311 # Büsingen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton 1312 # Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE 1313 # (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did. 1314 # DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1, 1315 # which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin. 1316 # 1317 # Source for the time in Büsingen 1980: 1318 # http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3 1319 1320 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03): 1321 # Büsingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970. 1322 1323 Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen 1324 1325 # Georgia 1326 # Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi. 1327 # Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni) 1328 # is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part. 1329 1330 # Gibraltar 1331 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1332 Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s 1333 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 1334 1:00 - CET 1982 1335 1:00 EU CE%sT 1336 1337 # Greece 1338 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1339 # Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1340 Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S 1341 Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1342 # Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1343 Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S 1344 # Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1345 Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1346 Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 1347 Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1348 # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1349 Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 1350 Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 - 1351 Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S 1352 Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 - 1353 Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S 1354 Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 - 1355 Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 1356 Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 - 1357 Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 - 1358 Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S 1359 Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - 1360 Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1361 Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 1362 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1363 Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 1364 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT 1365 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30 1366 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 1367 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 1368 # Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981; 1369 # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1. 1370 2:00 EU EE%sT 1371 1372 # Hungary 1373 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15): 1374 # Dates for 1916-1945 are taken from: 1375 # Oross A. Jelen a múlt jövője: a nyári időszámítás Magyarországon 1916-1945. 1376 # National Archives of Hungary (2012-10-29). 1377 # http://mnl.gov.hu/a_het_dokumentuma/a_nyari_idoszamitas_magyarorszagon_19161945.html 1378 # This source does not always give times, which are taken from Shanks 1379 # & Pottenger (which disagree about the dates). 1380 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1381 Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S 1382 Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 1383 Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S 1384 Rule Hungary 1919 only - Nov 24 3:00 0 - 1385 Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S 1386 Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1387 Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 1388 Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1389 Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S 1390 Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S 1391 Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 - 1392 Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S 1393 Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1394 Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1395 Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1396 Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S 1397 Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 1398 Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S 1399 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1400 Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct 1401 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 1402 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 8 1403 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 1404 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s 1405 1:00 EU CE%sT 1406 1407 # Iceland 1408 # 1409 # From Adam David (1993-11-06): 1410 # The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. 1411 # 1412 # (1993-12-05): 1413 # This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of 1414 # Iceland Almanak. 1415 # 1416 # From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour 1417 # behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts 1418 # of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which 1419 # was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. 1420 # 1421 # "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks 1422 # of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the 1423 # time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always 1424 # Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. 1425 # 1426 # (1993-12-10): 1427 # I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the 1428 # beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus 1429 # to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. 1430 # the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day 1431 # (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. 1432 # St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" 1433 # might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it 1434 # might mean something else (???). 1435 # 1436 # From Paul Eggert (2014-11-22): 1437 # The information below is taken from the 1988 Almanak; see 1438 # http://www.almanak.hi.is/klukkan.html 1439 # 1440 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1441 Rule Iceland 1917 1919 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S 1442 Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - 1443 Rule Iceland 1918 1919 - Nov 16 1:00 0 - 1444 Rule Iceland 1921 only - Mar 19 23:00 1:00 S 1445 Rule Iceland 1921 only - Jun 23 1:00 0 - 1446 Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S 1447 Rule Iceland 1939 only - Oct 29 2:00 0 - 1448 Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 1449 Rule Iceland 1940 1941 - Nov Sun>=2 1:00s 0 - 1450 Rule Iceland 1941 1942 - Mar Sun>=2 1:00s 1:00 S 1451 # 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter 1452 Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 1453 Rule Iceland 1942 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 1454 # 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter 1455 Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 1456 # 1949 and 1967 Oct transitions delayed by 1 week 1457 Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 - 1458 Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 1459 Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - 1460 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1461 Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908 1462 -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s 1463 0:00 - GMT 1464 1465 # Italy 1466 # 1467 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06): 1468 # Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893, 1469 # called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32). 1470 # During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time. 1471 # But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff, 1472 # so record only the time in Rome. 1473 # 1474 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1475 # For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and 1476 # F. Pollastri 1477 # Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03) 1478 # http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html 1479 # ('FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute 1480 # publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows: 1481 # 1482 # year FP Shanks&P. (S) Whitman (W) Go with: 1483 # 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W 1484 # 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1485 # 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S 1486 # 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W 1487 # 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S 1488 # 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W 1489 # 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S 1490 # 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1491 # 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S 1492 # 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1493 # 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur) 1494 # 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1495 # 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1496 # 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S 1497 # 09-20 09-27 00:00 S 1498 # 1499 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1500 Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S 1501 Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1502 Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1503 Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 1504 Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S 1505 Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 1506 Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S 1507 Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1508 Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 - 1509 Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S 1510 Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 - 1511 Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S 1512 Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 - 1513 Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S 1514 Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 - 1515 Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S 1516 Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 - 1517 Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S 1518 Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 - 1519 Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S 1520 Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 - 1521 Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1522 Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S 1523 Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1524 Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S 1525 Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 1526 Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1527 Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S 1528 Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1529 Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S 1530 Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1531 Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1532 Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1533 Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S 1534 Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1535 Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 1536 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1537 Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22 1538 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov 1 0:00s # Rome Mean 1539 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1540 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 1541 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980 1542 1:00 EU CE%sT 1543 1544 Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican 1545 Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino 1546 1547 # Latvia 1548 1549 # From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17): 1550 1551 # I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy 1552 # of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the 1553 # correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about 1554 # changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981.... 1555 # 1556 # Act No. 35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ... 1557 # according to the Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24 1558 # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 1559 # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00) 1560 # and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00). 1561 # 1562 # Act No. 592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ... 1563 # according to the Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13 1564 # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 1565 # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1566 # (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of 1567 # September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day). 1568 # 1569 # Act No. 81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ... 1570 # according to the Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14 1571 # ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, 1572 # Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the 1573 # time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia 1574 # transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1575 # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of 1576 # daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00 1577 # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is 1578 # 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock.... 1579 # 1580 # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of 1581 # 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of 1582 # daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union. 1583 1584 # From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06): 1585 # This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in 1586 # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of 1587 # 29-Feb-2000 (No. 79) <http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm>, 1588 # in Latvian for subscribers only). 1589 1590 # From RFE/RL Newsline 1591 # http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html 1592 # (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow: 1593 # The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will 1594 # institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported. 1595 # Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their 1596 # clocks one hour in the spring.... 1597 # Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvītis noted that Latvia had too few 1598 # daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European 1599 # Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving 1600 # time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government 1601 # urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it 1602 # appears that they will not do so.... 1603 1604 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1605 Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1606 Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1607 1608 # Milne 1899 says Riga was 1:36:28 (Polytechnique House time). 1609 # Byalokoz 1919 says Latvia was 1:36:34. 1610 # Go with Byalokoz. 1611 1612 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1613 Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:34 - LMT 1880 1614 1:36:34 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 # Riga MT 1615 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 # Latvian ST 1616 1:36:34 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00 1617 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 1618 1:36:34 - RMT 1926 May 11 1619 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 1620 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul 1621 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13 1622 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s 1623 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s 1624 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 1625 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 1626 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2 1627 2:00 EU EE%sT 1628 1629 # Liechtenstein 1630 1631 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09): 1632 # Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich. 1633 1634 # From Alois Treindl (2013-09-18): 1635 # http://www.eliechtensteinensia.li/LIJ/1978/1938-1978/1941.pdf 1636 # ... confirms on p. 6 that Liechtenstein followed Switzerland in 1941 and 1942. 1637 # I ... translate only the last two paragraphs: 1638 # ... during second world war, in the years 1941 and 1942, Liechtenstein 1639 # introduced daylight saving time, adapting to Switzerland. From 1943 on 1640 # central European time was in force throughout the year. 1641 # From a report of the duke's government to the high council, 1642 # regarding the introduction of a time law, of 31 May 1977. 1643 1644 Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz 1645 1646 1647 # Lithuania 1648 1649 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1650 # IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is 1651 # known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. 1652 1653 # From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07): 1654 # I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone 1655 # (Europe/Vilnius) was changed. 1656 1657 # From ELTA No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29) <http://www.elta.lt/>, 1658 # via Steffen Thorsen: 1659 # Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours) 1660 # to be valid here starting from October 31, 1661 # as decided by the national government on Wednesday.... 1662 # The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a 1663 # motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was 1664 # already done by Estonia. 1665 1666 # From the Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism 1667 # <http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm> (2000-03-27): 1668 # Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving. 1669 1670 # From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07): 1671 # As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will 1672 # observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid 1673 # down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its 1674 # neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of 1675 # 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at 1676 # http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm 1677 1678 1679 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1680 Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 1681 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time 1682 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time 1683 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 1684 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 1685 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 1686 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 1687 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 1688 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1689 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1690 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 1691 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u 1692 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u 1693 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1 1694 2:00 EU EE%sT 1695 1696 # Luxembourg 1697 # Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; 1698 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1699 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1700 Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 1701 Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 1702 Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S 1703 Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - 1704 Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1705 Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 1706 Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S 1707 Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - 1708 Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S 1709 Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - 1710 Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S 1711 Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - 1712 Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S 1713 Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 1714 Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S 1715 Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - 1716 Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S 1717 Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 1718 Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 1719 Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S 1720 Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S 1721 Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S 1722 Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S 1723 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1724 Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun 1725 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 1726 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s 1727 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 1728 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 1729 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 1730 1:00 EU CE%sT 1731 1732 # Macedonia 1733 # See Europe/Belgrade. 1734 1735 # Malta 1736 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1737 Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S 1738 Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 - 1739 Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1740 Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 - 1741 Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 1742 Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1743 Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 1744 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1745 Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta 1746 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1747 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 1748 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31 1749 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981 1750 1:00 EU CE%sT 1751 1752 # Moldova 1753 1754 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1755 # A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write 1756 # that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00. 1757 # However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence 1758 # on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree). 1759 # In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area 1760 # and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time. 1761 # But [two people] separately reported via 1762 # Jesper Nørgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau. 1763 # The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now. 1764 # 1765 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17): 1766 # Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as 1767 # "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition 1768 # to the Winter Time). 1769 # 1770 # News (in Russian): 1771 # http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html 1772 # http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html 1773 # 1774 # The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry) 1775 # is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17) 1776 # 1777 # From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19) 1778 # In addition, being situated at +4651+2938 would give Tiraspol 1779 # a pre-1880 LMT offset of 1:58:32. 1780 # 1781 # (which agrees with the earlier entry that had been removed) 1782 # 1783 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26) 1784 # NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point. 1785 # As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own 1786 # decision to abolish DST this winter. 1787 # Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- 1788 # Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011. 1789 # News from Moldova (in russian): 1790 # http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html 1791 1792 # From Roman Tudos (2015-07-02): 1793 # http://lex.justice.md/index.php?action=view&view=doc&lang=1&id=355077 1794 # From Paul Eggert (2015-07-01): 1795 # The abovementioned official link to IGO1445-868/2014 states that 1796 # 2014-10-26's fallback transition occurred at 03:00 local time. Also, 1797 # http://www.trm.md/en/social/la-30-martie-vom-trece-la-ora-de-vara 1798 # says the 2014-03-30 spring-forward transition was at 02:00 local time. 1799 # Guess that since 1997 Moldova has switched one hour before the EU. 1800 1801 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1802 Rule Moldova 1997 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 1803 Rule Moldova 1997 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 1804 1805 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1806 Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 1807 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT 1808 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 1809 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 1810 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 1811 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 1812 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 1813 3:00 - MSK 1990 May 6 1814 2:00 - EET 1991 1815 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 1816 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 1817 # See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules. 1818 2:00 Moldova EE%sT 1819 1820 # Monaco 1821 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1822 # more precise 0:09:21. 1823 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1824 Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 1825 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1826 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1827 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1828 1:00 EU CE%sT 1829 1830 # Montenegro 1831 # See Europe/Belgrade. 1832 1833 # Netherlands 1834 1835 # Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, 1836 # but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. 1837 1838 # However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01): 1839 # Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00 1840 # Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including 1841 # the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time 1842 # (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the 1843 # common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was 1844 # not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law. 1845 # On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and 1846 # was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd"). 1847 # 1848 # (2001-04-08): 1849 # 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to 1850 # observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common 1851 # practice of following Amsterdam mean time. 1852 # 1853 # (2001-04-09): 1854 # In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the 1855 # municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe 1856 # Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was 1857 # actually followed. 1858 # 1859 # From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to 1860 # observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of 1861 # Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most 1862 # places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically 1863 # adopted Amsterdam mean time. 1864 # 1865 # Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety 1866 # of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it 1867 # was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe 1868 # Amsterdam mean time. 1869 1870 # The data entries before 1945 are taken from 1871 # http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm 1872 1873 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1874 Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time 1875 Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time 1876 Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST 1877 Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT 1878 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1879 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT 1880 Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 1881 Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT 1882 Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1883 Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 1884 Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1885 # From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week 1886 # in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend. 1887 Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1888 Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1889 Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1890 Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1891 Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 1892 Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 1893 Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1894 Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1895 Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 1896 # 1897 # Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted 1898 # below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer. 1899 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1900 Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835 1901 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1 1902 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time 1903 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1904 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 1905 1:00 EU CE%sT 1906 1907 # Norway 1908 # http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks & 1909 # Pottenger. 1910 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1911 Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S 1912 Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1913 Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1914 Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 1915 Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1916 Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 1917 Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S 1918 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1919 Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 1920 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 1921 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1922 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 1923 1:00 EU CE%sT 1924 1925 # Svalbard & Jan Mayen 1926 1927 # From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01): 1928 # Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and 1929 # Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the 1930 # time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared 1931 # as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan 1932 # Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From 1933 # <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html> and 1934 # <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html>). The law/regulation 1935 # for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came 1936 # into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a 1937 # part of this law since 1925/1930. (From 1938 # <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html>) I have not been 1939 # able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100) 1940 # before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabited" since 1921 by 1941 # Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever 1942 # since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since 1943 # before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere 1944 # between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive). 1945 1946 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-04): 1947 # 1948 # Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II, 1949 # so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was 1950 # keeping Berlin time. 1951 # 1952 # <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists 1953 # burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in 1954 # 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite 1955 # frequent air attacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a 1956 # radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly 1957 # the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that 1958 # Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules. 1959 # 1960 # Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an 1961 # Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says 1962 # <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ 1963 # <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were 1964 # expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return, 1965 # and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954) 1966 # http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html 1967 # the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named 1968 # Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945. 1969 # 1970 # All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo 1971 # for these regions. 1972 Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen 1973 1974 # Poland 1975 1976 # The 1919 dates and times can be found in Tygodnik Urzędowy nr 1 (1919-03-20), 1977 # <http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/publication/32156> pp 1-2. 1978 1979 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1980 Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 1981 Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1982 Rule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 1983 # Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1984 Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1985 # For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1986 Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S 1987 Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1988 # For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski, 1989 # Toruń Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U., 1990 # http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1 1991 # Thanks to Przemysław Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference. 1992 # He also gives these further references: 1993 # Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm> 1994 # Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf> 1995 Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S 1996 Rule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 1997 Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 1998 Rule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1999 Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 2000 Rule Poland 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 2001 Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S 2002 Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 2003 Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S 2004 Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S 2005 Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 - 2006 Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S 2007 Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 2008 Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 2009 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2010 Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 2011 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time 2012 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 2013 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun 2014 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 2015 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 2016 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 2017 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988 2018 1:00 EU CE%sT 2019 2020 # Portugal 2021 # 2022 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne: 2023 # According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26) 2024 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 2025 # Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00. 2026 # Round the old offset to -0:36:45. This agrees with Willett but disagrees 2027 # with Shanks, who says the transition occurred on 1911-05-24 at 00:00 for 2028 # Europe/Lisbon, Atlantic/Azores, and Atlantic/Madeira. 2029 # 2030 # From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12): 2031 # Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone 2032 # (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. 2033 # 2034 # Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve 2035 # that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. 2036 # The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. 2037 # 2038 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12): 2039 # IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions 2040 # at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos. 2041 # IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00. 2042 # IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00. 2043 # Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal 2044 # harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter. 2045 # 2046 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2047 # DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not 2048 # done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules. 2049 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2050 Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S 2051 # Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2052 Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - 2053 Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 2054 Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 2055 Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 2056 Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 2057 Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S 2058 Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 2059 Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 2060 Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 2061 Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 2062 Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2063 Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 2064 Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 2065 Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 2066 Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 2067 # Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2068 Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2069 Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 2070 Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 2071 # Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2072 Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2073 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman. 2074 Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 2075 Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 2076 # Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2077 Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 2078 Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 2079 Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 2080 # Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2081 Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 2082 Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S 2083 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman. 2084 Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 - 2085 Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 2086 Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S 2087 Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 2088 Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S 2089 Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 - 2090 Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M 2091 Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S 2092 Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M 2093 Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S 2094 Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2095 Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 2096 Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 2097 # Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman. 2098 # Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2099 Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 2100 Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 2101 Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S 2102 Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - 2103 Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S 2104 Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 2105 Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 2106 Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 2107 Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 2108 Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 2109 # 2110 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2111 Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:45 - LMT 1884 2112 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time 2113 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 2114 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 2115 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2116 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 2117 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u 2118 0:00 EU WE%sT 2119 Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada 2120 -1:54:32 - HMT 1912 Jan 1 # Horta Mean Time 2121 -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time 2122 -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2123 -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 2124 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u 2125 -1:00 EU AZO%sT 2126 Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal 2127 -1:07:36 - FMT 1912 Jan 1 # Funchal Mean Time 2128 -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time 2129 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2130 0:00 EU WE%sT 2131 2132 # Romania 2133 # 2134 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07): 2135 # Nine O'clock <http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html> 2136 # (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at 2137 # 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info, 2138 # assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997, 2139 # the same year as Bulgaria. 2140 # 2141 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2142 Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S 2143 Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 2144 Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S 2145 Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S 2146 Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 2147 Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 2148 Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 2149 Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 2150 Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 2151 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2152 Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct 2153 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 2154 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s 2155 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 2156 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 2157 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 2158 2:00 EU EE%sT 2159 2160 2161 # Russia 2162 2163 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15): 2164 # Based on last Russian Government Decree No. 725 on August 31, 2011 2165 # (Government document 2166 # http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/ 2167 # in Russian) 2168 # there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones... 2169 # All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English 2170 # by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below: 2171 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm 2172 2173 # From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27): 2174 # Scans of [Decree No. 23 of January 8, 1992] are available at: 2175 # http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966 2176 # They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian). 2177 2178 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): 2179 # Regarding the instant when clocks in time-zone-shifting parts of Russia 2180 # changed in September 2011: 2181 # 2182 # One source is 2183 # http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/ 2184 # which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31, 2185 # 2011 No. 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information. 2186 # 2187 # Another source is 2188 # http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html 2189 # which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the 2190 # Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also 2191 # contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on: 2192 # in the 'RG' - Federal Issue No. 5573 September 6, 2011" but which 2193 # does not contain any "effective date" information. 2194 # 2195 # Another source is 2196 # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7 2197 # which, in note 8, contains "Resolution No. 725 of August 31, 2011... 2198 # Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication" 2199 # but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011. 2200 # 2201 # The Wikipedia article refers to 2202 # http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896 2203 # which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page. 2204 # 2205 # Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's 2206 # "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication" 2207 # with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to 2208 # get September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias 2209 # Conradi notes). 2210 # 2211 # None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks. 2212 # 2213 # Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s. 2214 2215 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-01): 2216 # According to the Russian news (ITAR-TASS News Agency) 2217 # http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/738562 2218 # the State Duma has approved ... the draft bill on returning to 2219 # winter time standard and return Russia 11 time zones. The new 2220 # regulations will come into effect on October 26, 2014 at 02:00 ... 2221 # http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%28Spravka%29?OpenAgent&RN=431985-6&02 2222 # Here is a link where we put together table (based on approved Bill N 2223 # 431985-6) with proposed 11 Russian time zones and corresponding 2224 # areas/cities/administrative centers in the Russian Federation (in English): 2225 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia65.html 2226 # 2227 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-22): 2228 # Putin signed the Federal Law 431985-6 ... (in Russian) 2229 # http://itar-tass.com/obschestvo/1333711 2230 # http://www.pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?111660 2231 # http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/46279 2232 # From October 26, 2014 the new Russian time zone map will looks like this: 2233 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html 2234 2235 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2236 # Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations. 2237 # Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, 2238 # are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger, 2239 # except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 2240 # 23:00, not Sun 02:00s. 2241 # 2242 # From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29): 2243 # But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! 2244 # I do not know why they have decided to make this change; 2245 # as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching 2246 # so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. 2247 # 2248 # From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04): 2249 # 'MSK' and 'MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with 2250 # UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... 2251 # The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor 2252 # (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. 2253 # 2254 # From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30): 2255 # According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from 2256 # Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... 2257 # still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. 2258 # 2259 # For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from 2260 # John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07): 2261 # News - often false - is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was 2262 # time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with 2263 # the rest of Russia for two weeks - even soldiers stationed here began 2264 # enforcing curfew at the wrong time. 2265 # 2266 # From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05): 2267 # There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in 2268 # UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the 2269 # SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan 2270 # until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok 2271 # since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are 2272 # administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have 2273 # remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan. 2274 2275 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 2276 # The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist 2277 # with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions 2278 # are covered by each zone. They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative 2279 # listing. The region codes listed come from 2280 # http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498 2281 # and are used for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their 2282 # future stability. ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level 2283 # divisions where available. 2284 2285 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2286 2287 2288 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2289 # Europe/Kaliningrad covers... 2290 # 39 RU-KGD Kaliningrad Oblast 2291 2292 Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr 2293 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 2294 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946 2295 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2296 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2297 3:00 - FET 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2298 2:00 - EET 2299 2300 2301 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2302 # Europe/Moscow covers... 2303 # 01 RU-AD Adygea, Republic of 2304 # 05 RU-DA Dagestan, Republic of 2305 # 06 RU-IN Ingushetia, Republic of 2306 # 07 RU-KB Kabardino-Balkar Republic 2307 # 08 RU-KL Kalmykia, Republic of 2308 # 09 RU-KC Karachay-Cherkess Republic 2309 # 10 RU-KR Karelia, Republic of 2310 # 11 RU-KO Komi Republic 2311 # 12 RU-ME Mari El Republic 2312 # 13 RU-MO Mordovia, Republic of 2313 # 15 RU-SE North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of 2314 # 16 RU-TA Tatarstan, Republic of 2315 # 20 RU-CE Chechen Republic 2316 # 21 RU-CU Chuvash Republic 2317 # 23 RU-KDA Krasnodar Krai 2318 # 26 RU-STA Stavropol Krai 2319 # 29 RU-ARK Arkhangelsk Oblast 2320 # 31 RU-BEL Belgorod Oblast 2321 # 32 RU-BRY Bryansk Oblast 2322 # 33 RU-VLA Vladimir Oblast 2323 # 35 RU-VLG Vologda Oblast 2324 # 36 RU-VOR Voronezh Oblast 2325 # 37 RU-IVA Ivanovo Oblast 2326 # 40 RU-KLU Kaluga Oblast 2327 # 44 RU-KOS Kostroma Oblast 2328 # 46 RU-KRS Kursk Oblast 2329 # 47 RU-LEN Leningrad Oblast 2330 # 48 RU-LIP Lipetsk Oblast 2331 # 50 RU-MOS Moscow Oblast 2332 # 51 RU-MUR Murmansk Oblast 2333 # 52 RU-NIZ Nizhny Novgorod Oblast 2334 # 53 RU-NGR Novgorod Oblast 2335 # 57 RU-ORL Oryol Oblast 2336 # 58 RU-PNZ Penza Oblast 2337 # 60 RU-PSK Pskov Oblast 2338 # 61 RU-ROS Rostov Oblast 2339 # 62 RU-RYA Ryazan Oblast 2340 # 67 RU-SMO Smolensk Oblast 2341 # 68 RU-TAM Tambov Oblast 2342 # 69 RU-TVE Tver Oblast 2343 # 71 RU-TUL Tula Oblast 2344 # 73 RU-ULY Ulyanovsk Oblast 2345 # 76 RU-YAR Yaroslavl Oblast 2346 # 77 RU-MOW Moscow 2347 # 78 RU-SPE Saint Petersburg 2348 # 83 RU-NEN Nenets Autonomous Okrug 2349 2350 # From Vladimir Karpinsky (2014-07-08): 2351 # LMT in Moscow (before Jul 3, 1916) is 2:30:17, that was defined by Moscow 2352 # Observatory (coordinates: 55 deg. 45'29.70", 37 deg. 34'05.30").... 2353 # LMT in Moscow since Jul 3, 1916 is 2:31:01 as a result of new standard. 2354 # (The info is from the book by Byalokoz ... p. 18.) 2355 # The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia was defined by 2356 # Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg. In 1916 LMT Moscow 2357 # was synchronized with LMT St. Petersburg (+30 minutes), (Pulkov observatory 2358 # coordinates: 59 deg. 46'18.70", 30 deg. 19'40.70") so 30 deg. 19'40.70" > 2359 # 2h01m18.7s = 2:01:19. LMT Moscow = LMT St.Petersburg + 30m 2:01:19 + 0:30 = 2360 # 2:31:19 ... 2361 # 2362 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 2363 # Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in 2364 # Résumés mensuels et annuels des observations météorologiques (1895). 2365 # Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in 2366 # Russian and French. This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky. 2367 2368 Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:17 - LMT 1880 2369 2:30:17 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time 2370 2:31:19 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 2371 3:00 Russia %s 1921 Oct 2372 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct 2373 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2374 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2375 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2376 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2377 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2378 3:00 - MSK 2379 2380 2381 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2382 # Europe/Simferopol covers... 2383 # ** **** Crimea, Republic of 2384 # ** **** Sevastopol 2385 2386 Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 2387 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T 2388 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2389 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov 2390 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13 2391 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 2392 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 2393 2:00 - EET 1992 2394 # Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997. 2395 # 2396 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2397 # The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched 2398 # from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. 2399 # Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened 2400 # sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say 2401 # 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it 2402 # changed in May. 2403 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May 2404 # From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. 2405 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 0:00s 2406 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s 2407 # IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST. 2408 # Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. 2409 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997 2410 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u 2411 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17): 2412 # time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014 2413 # http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html 2414 # From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30): 2415 # Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks 2416 # late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial 2417 # and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about. 2418 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00 2419 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2420 3:00 - MSK 2421 2422 2423 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2424 # Europe/Volgograd covers... 2425 # 30 RU-AST Astrakhan Oblast 2426 # 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast 2427 # 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast 2428 # 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast 2429 2430 # From Paul Eggert (2006-05-09): 2431 # Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400 but Wikipedia says +0300. 2432 # Perhaps it switched after the others? But we have no data. 2433 2434 Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3 2435 3:00 - TSAT 1925 Apr 6 # Tsaritsyn Time 2436 3:00 - STAT 1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time 2437 4:00 - STAT 1961 Nov 11 2438 4:00 Russia VOL%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T 2439 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2440 4:00 - VOLT 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2441 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2442 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2443 3:00 - MSK 2444 2445 2446 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2447 # Europe/Samara covers... 2448 # 18 RU-UD Udmurt Republic 2449 # 63 RU-SAM Samara Oblast 2450 2451 # Byalokoz 1919 says Samara was 3:20:20. 2452 2453 Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:20 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00 2454 3:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 2455 4:00 - SAMT 1935 Jan 27 2456 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev 2457 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2458 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2459 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00 2460 4:00 Russia SAM%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s # Samara Time 2461 3:00 Russia SAM%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2462 4:00 - SAMT 2463 2464 2465 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2466 # Asia/Yekaterinburg covers... 2467 # 02 RU-BA Bashkortostan, Republic of 2468 # 90 RU-PER Perm Krai 2469 # 45 RU-KGN Kurgan Oblast 2470 # 56 RU-ORE Orenburg Oblast 2471 # 66 RU-SVE Sverdlovsk Oblast 2472 # 72 RU-TYU Tyumen Oblast 2473 # 74 RU-CHE Chelyabinsk Oblast 2474 # 86 RU-KHM Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra 2475 # 89 RU-YAN Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug 2476 # 2477 # Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak 2478 # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai. 2479 2480 # Milne says Yekaterinburg was 4:02:32.9; round to nearest. 2481 # Byalokoz 1919 says its provincial time was based on Perm, at 3:45:05. 2482 # Assume it switched on 1916-07-03, the time of the new standard. 2483 # The 1919 and 1930 transitions are from Shanks. 2484 2485 Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:33 - LMT 1916 Jul 3 2486 3:45:05 - PMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00 2487 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time 2488 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2489 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2490 5:00 Russia YEK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2491 6:00 - YEKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2492 5:00 - YEKT 2493 2494 2495 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2496 # Asia/Omsk covers... 2497 # 04 RU-AL Altai Republic 2498 # 22 RU-ALT Altai Krai 2499 # 55 RU-OMS Omsk Oblast 2500 2501 # Byalokoz 1919 says Omsk was 4:53:30. 2502 2503 Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:30 - LMT 1919 Nov 14 2504 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk Time 2505 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2506 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2507 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2508 7:00 - OMST 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2509 6:00 - OMST 2510 2511 2512 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2513 # Asia/Novosibirsk covers... 2514 # 54 RU-NVS Novosibirsk Oblast 2515 # 70 RU-TOM Tomsk Oblast 2516 2517 # From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's 2518 # not clear when it switched from +7 to +6. 2519 2520 Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 2521 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time 2522 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2523 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2524 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P. 2525 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2526 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2527 6:00 - NOVT 2528 2529 2530 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2531 # Asia/Novokuznetsk covers... 2532 # 42 RU-KEM Kemerovo Oblast 2533 2534 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13): 2535 # Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on 2536 # March 28, 2010: 2537 # from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700 2538 # to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600 2539 # 2540 # This is according to Government of Russia decree No. 740, on September 2541 # 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth 2542 # time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600) 2543 # 2544 # Russian Government web site (Russian language) 2545 # http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm 2546 # or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference 2547 # map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010 2548 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html 2549 # 2550 # Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010 2551 # Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock. 2552 # 2553 # As a result, Kemerovo oblast' will be in the same time zone as 2554 # Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Altai Republic. 2555 2556 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): 2557 # The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus 2558 # realigning itself with KRAT. 2559 2560 Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - LMT 1924 May 1 2561 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time 2562 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2563 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2564 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2565 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s # Novosibirsk 2566 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2567 7:00 - KRAT # Krasnoyarsk Time 2568 2569 2570 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2571 # Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers... 2572 # 17 RU-TY Tuva Republic 2573 # 19 RU-KK Khakassia, Republic of 2574 # 24 RU-KYA Krasnoyarsk Krai 2575 # 2576 # Note: Effective 2007-01-01, (88) Evenk Autonomous Okrug and (84) Taymyr 2577 # Autonomous Okrug were merged into (24, RU-KYA) Krasnoyarsk Krai. 2578 2579 # Byalokoz 1919 says Krasnoyarsk was 6:11:26. 2580 2581 Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:26 - LMT 1920 Jan 6 2582 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time 2583 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2584 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2585 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2586 8:00 - KRAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2587 7:00 - KRAT 2588 2589 2590 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2591 # Asia/Irkutsk covers... 2592 # 03 RU-BU Buryatia, Republic of 2593 # 38 RU-IRK Irkutsk Oblast 2594 # 2595 # Note: Effective 2008-01-01, (85) Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug was 2596 # merged into (38, RU-IRK) Irkutsk Oblast. 2597 2598 # Milne 1899 says Irkutsk was 6:57:15. 2599 # Byalokoz 1919 says Irkutsk was 6:57:05. 2600 # Go with Byalokoz. 2601 2602 Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:05 - LMT 1880 2603 6:57:05 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time 2604 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time 2605 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2606 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2607 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2608 9:00 - IRKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2609 8:00 - IRKT 2610 2611 2612 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 2613 # Asia/Chita covers... 2614 # 92 RU-ZAB Zabaykalsky Krai 2615 # 2616 # Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat 2617 # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai. 2618 2619 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-02): 2620 # [The] time zone in the Trans-Baikal Territory (Zabaykalsky Krai) - 2621 # Asia/Chita [is changing] from UTC+8 to UTC+9. Effective date will 2622 # be March 27, 2016 at 2:00am.... 2623 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/000120151230010 2624 2625 Zone Asia/Chita 7:33:52 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 2626 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 2627 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2628 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2629 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2630 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2631 8:00 - IRKT 2016 Mar 27 2:00 2632 9:00 - YAKT 2633 2634 2635 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2636 # Asia/Yakutsk covers... 2637 # 28 RU-AMU Amur Oblast 2638 # 2639 # ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 2640 # 14-02 **** Aldansky District 2641 # 14-04 **** Amginsky District 2642 # 14-05 **** Anabarsky District 2643 # 14-06 **** Bulunsky District 2644 # 14-07 **** Verkhnevilyuysky District 2645 # 14-10 **** Vilyuysky District 2646 # 14-11 **** Gorny District 2647 # 14-12 **** Zhigansky District 2648 # 14-13 **** Kobyaysky District 2649 # 14-14 **** Lensky District 2650 # 14-15 **** Megino-Kangalassky District 2651 # 14-16 **** Mirninsky District 2652 # 14-18 **** Namsky District 2653 # 14-19 **** Neryungrinsky District 2654 # 14-21 **** Nyurbinsky District 2655 # 14-23 **** Olenyoksky District 2656 # 14-24 **** Olyokminsky District 2657 # 14-26 **** Suntarsky District 2658 # 14-27 **** Tattinsky District 2659 # 14-29 **** Ust-Aldansky District 2660 # 14-32 **** Khangalassky District 2661 # 14-33 **** Churapchinsky District 2662 # 14-34 **** Eveno-Bytantaysky National District 2663 2664 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2665 # Our commentary seems to have lost mention of (14-19) Neryungrinsky District. 2666 # Since the surrounding districts of Sakha are all YAKT, assume this is, too. 2667 # Also assume its history has been the same as the rest of Asia/Yakutsk. 2668 2669 # Byalokoz 1919 says Yakutsk was 8:38:58. 2670 2671 Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:58 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 2672 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 2673 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2674 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2675 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2676 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2677 9:00 - YAKT 2678 2679 2680 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2681 # Asia/Vladivostok covers... 2682 # 25 RU-PRI Primorsky Krai 2683 # 27 RU-KHA Khabarovsk Krai 2684 # 79 RU-YEV Jewish Autonomous Oblast 2685 # 2686 # ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 2687 # 14-09 **** Verkhoyansky District 2688 # 14-31 **** Ust-Yansky District 2689 2690 # Milne 1899 says Vladivostok was 8:47:33.5. 2691 # Byalokoz 1919 says Vladivostok was 8:47:31. 2692 # Go with Byalokoz. 2693 2694 Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:31 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 2695 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time 2696 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2697 9:00 Russia VLA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2698 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2699 11:00 - VLAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2700 10:00 - VLAT 2701 2702 2703 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2704 # Asia/Khandyga covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 2705 # 14-28 **** Tomponsky District 2706 # 14-30 **** Ust-Maysky District 2707 2708 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): 2709 # Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time 2710 # in 2011. 2711 2712 # From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25): 2713 # Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time. 2714 # Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004. 2715 # This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info. 2716 2717 Zone Asia/Khandyga 9:02:13 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 2718 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 2719 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2720 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2721 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2004 2722 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2723 11:00 - VLAT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? 2724 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2725 9:00 - YAKT 2726 2727 2728 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2729 # Asia/Sakhalin covers... 2730 # 65 RU-SAK Sakhalin Oblast 2731 # ...with the exception of: 2732 # 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands) 2733 2734 # The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long. 2735 Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23 2736 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1 2737 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25 2738 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T 2739 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2740 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s 2741 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2742 11:00 - SAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2743 10:00 - SAKT 2744 2745 2746 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2747 # Asia/Magadan covers... 2748 # 49 RU-MAG Magadan Oblast 2749 2750 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): 2751 # Magadan Oblast is moving from UTC+12 to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26; however, 2752 # several districts of Sakha Republic as well as Severo-Kurilsky District of 2753 # the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands), represented 2754 # until now by Asia/Magadan, will instead move to UTC+11. These regions will 2755 # need their own zone. 2756 2757 Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2758 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time 2759 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2760 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2761 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2762 12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2763 10:00 - MAGT 2764 2765 2766 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 2767 # Asia/Srednekolymsk covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 2768 # 14-01 **** Abyysky District 2769 # 14-03 **** Allaikhovsky District 2770 # 14-08 **** Verkhnekolymsky District 2771 # 14-17 **** Momsky District 2772 # 14-20 **** Nizhnekolymsky District 2773 # 14-25 **** Srednekolymsky District 2774 # 2775 # ...and parts of (65, RU-SAK) Sakhalin Oblast: 2776 # 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands) 2777 2778 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02): 2779 # Oymyakonsky District of Sakha Republic (represented by Ust-Nera), along with 2780 # most of Sakhalin Oblast (represented by Sakhalin) will be moving to UTC+10 on 2781 # 2014-10-26 to stay aligned with VLAT/SAKT; however, Severo-Kurilsky District 2782 # of the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands, represented by 2783 # Severo-Kurilsk) will remain on UTC+11. 2784 2785 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 2786 # Assume North Kuril Islands have history like Magadan before 2011-03-27. 2787 # There is a decent chance this is wrong, in which case a new zone 2788 # Asia/Severo-Kurilsk would become necessary. 2789 # 2790 # Srednekolymsk and Zyryanka are the most populous places amongst these 2791 # districts, but have very similar populations. In fact, Wikipedia currently 2792 # lists them both as having 3528 people, exactly 1668 males and 1860 females 2793 # each! (Yikes!) 2794 # http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Srednekolymsky_District&oldid=603435276 2795 # http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Verkhnekolymsky_District&oldid=594378493 2796 # Assume this is a mistake, albeit an amusing one. 2797 # 2798 # Looking at censuses, the populations of the two municipalities seem to have 2799 # fluctuated recently. Zyryanka was more populous than Srednekolymsk in the 2800 # 1989 and 2002 censuses, but Srednekolymsk was more populous in the most 2801 # recent (2010) census, 3525 to 3170. (See pages 195 and 197 of 2802 # http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol1/pub-01-05.pdf 2803 # in Russian.) In addition, Srednekolymsk appears to be a much older 2804 # settlement and the population of Zyryanka seems to be declining. 2805 # Go with Srednekolymsk. 2806 # 2807 # Since Magadan Oblast moves to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26, we cannot keep using MAGT 2808 # as the abbreviation. Use SRET instead. 2809 2810 Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk 10:14:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 2811 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time 2812 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2813 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2814 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2815 12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2816 11:00 - SRET # Srednekolymsk Time 2817 2818 2819 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2820 # Asia/Ust-Nera covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 2821 # 14-22 **** Oymyakonsky District 2822 2823 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): 2824 # Ojmyakonskij [and the Kuril Islands] switched from 2825 # Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011. 2826 # 2827 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): 2828 # It's unlikely that any of the Kuril Islands were involved in such a switch, 2829 # as the South and Middle Kurils have been on UTC+11 (SAKT) with the rest of 2830 # Sakhalin Oblast since at least 2011-09, and the North Kurils have been on 2831 # UTC+12 since at least then, too. 2832 2833 Zone Asia/Ust-Nera 9:32:54 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 2834 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 2835 9:00 Russia YAKT 1981 Apr 1 2836 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2837 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2838 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2839 12:00 - MAGT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? 2840 11:00 - VLAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2841 10:00 - VLAT 2842 2843 2844 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2845 # Asia/Kamchatka covers... 2846 # 91 RU-KAM Kamchatka Krai 2847 # 2848 # Note: Effective 2007-07-01, (41) Kamchatka Oblast and (82) Koryak 2849 # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (91, RU-KAM) Kamchatka Krai. 2850 2851 # The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps 2852 # Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long. 2853 Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10 2854 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time 2855 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2856 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2857 12:00 Russia PET%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2858 11:00 Russia PET%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2859 12:00 - PETT 2860 2861 2862 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2863 # Asia/Anadyr covers... 2864 # 87 RU-CHU Chukotka Autonomous Okrug 2865 2866 Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 2867 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time 2868 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s 2869 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2870 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2871 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2872 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2873 12:00 - ANAT 2874 2875 2876 # San Marino 2877 # See Europe/Rome. 2878 2879 # Serbia 2880 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2881 Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 2882 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 2883 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 2884 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s 2885 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 2886 # Metod Koželj reports that the legal date of 2887 # transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time. 2888 # Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Koželj. 2889 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 2890 1:00 EU CE%sT 2891 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia 2892 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro 2893 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina 2894 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia 2895 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia 2896 2897 # Slovakia 2898 Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava 2899 2900 # Slovenia 2901 # See Europe/Belgrade. 2902 2903 # Spain 2904 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2905 # For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; 2906 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2907 Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S 2908 Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 - 2909 Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 2910 Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 2911 # Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2912 Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 2913 # Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2914 Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - 2915 Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 2916 # Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2917 Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2918 Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 2919 Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 2920 Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 2921 # Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; 2922 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2923 Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S 2924 Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2925 Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S 2926 Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 2927 Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S 2928 # Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2929 Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 2930 Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S 2931 Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M 2932 Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S 2933 Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S 2934 Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S 2935 Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 2936 Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 2937 Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 - 2938 Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S 2939 Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - 2940 Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S 2941 Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 2942 Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S 2943 Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 2944 # The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978. 2945 Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 2946 Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2947 Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 2948 Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 2949 Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2950 Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 2951 Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 2952 Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2953 Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 2954 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2955 Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00s 2956 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30 2957 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979 2958 1:00 EU CE%sT 2959 Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901 2960 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00 2961 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00 2962 0:00 - WET 1924 2963 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929 2964 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 2965 1:00 - CET 1986 2966 1:00 EU CE%sT 2967 Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. 2968 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries T 2969 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s 2970 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 1:00u 2971 0:00 EU WE%sT 2972 # IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u. 2973 # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. 2974 2975 # Sweden 2976 2977 # From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger: 2978 # 2979 # The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879: 2980 # From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all 2981 # places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at 2982 # three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the 2983 # meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31. 2984 # 2985 # The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30" 2986 # eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the 2987 # national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT.... 2988 # 2989 # About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk 2990 # författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning 2991 # of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at 2992 # the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English 2993 # observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west 2994 # from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 2995 # 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time 2996 # in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT. 2997 # 2998 # 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1916, no 124") states 2999 # that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is 3000 # pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00.... 3001 # Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later". 3002 # 3003 # The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish 3004 # Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are 3005 # not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available 3006 # in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type 3007 # "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click 3008 # the Sök-button). 3009 # 3010 # (2001-05-13): 3011 # 3012 # I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00 3013 # summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show 3014 # 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some 3015 # people thought the switch to standard time would take place already 3016 # at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another 3017 # hour before the event took place. 3018 # 3019 # Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left. 3020 3021 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3022 Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 3023 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time 3024 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00 3025 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 1:00 3026 1:00 - CET 1980 3027 1:00 EU CE%sT 3028 3029 # Switzerland 3030 # From Howse: 3031 # By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace 3032 # and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep 3033 # mean time in preference to apparent time - Geneva from 1780 .... 3034 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3035 # From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"): 3036 # Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S 3037 # Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - 3038 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 3039 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 3040 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 3041 3042 # From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17): 3043 # I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies. 3044 # 3045 # As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values 3046 # to be wrong. This is now verified. 3047 # 3048 # I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal 3049 # government, in 'Eidgenössische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss 3050 # federal law collection)... 3051 # 3052 # DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am 3053 # DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am. 3054 # 3055 # DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am 3056 # DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am 3057 # 3058 # There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully. 3059 # It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law 3060 # collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any 3061 # other years are made. 3062 # 3063 # Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported 3064 # about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous 3065 # night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such 3066 # a thing had happened in Switzerland. 3067 # 3068 # I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traité de 3069 # l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is 3070 # false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled 3071 # by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time. 3072 # 3073 # The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to: 3074 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 3075 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 3076 # 3077 # The 1940 rules must be deleted. 3078 # 3079 # One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for 3080 # most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ... 3081 # describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of 3082 # the Canton de Genève (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneva did not 3083 # follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time. 3084 # To represent this, an extra zone would be needed. 3085 # 3086 # From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11): 3087 # The Federal regulations say 3088 # http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html 3089 # ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26' 22.50". 3090 # Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s. 3091 3092 # From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11): 3093 # the "Circulaire du conseil fédéral" (December 11 1893) 3094 # http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353 3095 # clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight 3096 # but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one 3097 # hour before the beginning of service. 3098 3099 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-11): 3100 # Round BMT to the nearest even second, 0:29:46. 3101 # 3102 # We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland 3103 # except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12. This book: 3104 # 3105 # Jakob Messerli. Gleichmässig, pünktlich, schnell. Zeiteinteilung und 3106 # Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995, 3107 # ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797. 3108 # 3109 # suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not 3110 # agree about civil time during the transition. The timekeeping it gives the 3111 # most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the 3112 # "Bundesgesetz über die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on 3113 # 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16 3114 # (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in 3115 # practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph 3116 # offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso" 3117 # (Google translation). For now, model this transition as occurring on 3118 # 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and 3119 # legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date. 3120 3121 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3122 Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 3123 Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 3124 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3125 Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment. 3126 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time 3127 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 3128 1:00 EU CE%sT 3129 3130 # Turkey 3131 3132 # From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03): 3133 # The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now. 3134 # ... The latest rules are available at: 3135 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107 3136 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03): 3137 # I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that 3138 # DST started 01:00 local time and end at 02:00 local time. I am not sure 3139 # what happened before that. One example for each year from 1996 to 2001: 3140 # http://newspot.byegm.gov.tr/arsiv/1996/21/N4.htm 3141 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING97/03/97X03X25.TXT 3142 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING98/03/98X03X02.HTM 3143 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING99/10/99X10X26.HTM#%2016 3144 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2000/03/00X03X06.HTM#%2021 3145 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2001/03/23x03x01.HTM#%2027 3146 # From Paul Eggert (2007-01-03): 3147 # Prefer the above source to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1990. 3148 3149 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09): 3150 # Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC 3151 # start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07): 3152 # http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp 3153 # The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...: 3154 # http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm 3155 # I was able to locate the following seemingly official document 3156 # (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006: 3157 # http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm 3158 3159 # From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10): 3160 # According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer 3161 # time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27. 3162 # This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th. 3163 # http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872 3164 # Turkish: 3165 # http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373 3166 3167 # From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14): 3168 # The DST for Turkey has been changed for this year because of the 3169 # Turkish Local election.... 3170 # http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik 3171 # ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m. 3172 # From Randal L. Schwartz (2014-04-15): 3173 # Having landed on a flight from the states to Istanbul (via AMS) on March 31, 3174 # I can tell you that NOBODY (even the airlines) respected this timezone DST 3175 # change delay. Maybe the word just didn't get out in time. 3176 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-15): 3177 # The press reported massive confusion, as election officials obeyed the rule 3178 # change but cell phones (and airline baggage systems) did not. See: 3179 # Kostidis M. Eventful elections in Turkey. Balkan News Agency 3180 # http://www.balkaneu.com/eventful-elections-turkey/ 2014-03-30. 3181 # I guess the best we can do is document the official time. 3182 3183 # From Fatih (2015-09-29): 3184 # It's officially announced now by the Ministry of Energy. 3185 # Turkey delays winter time to 8th of November 04:00 3186 # http://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-8-kasimda-sona-erecek/362217 3187 # 3188 # From BBC News (2015-10-25): 3189 # Confused Turks are asking "what's the time?" after automatic clocks defied a 3190 # government decision ... "For the next two weeks #Turkey is on EEST... Erdogan 3191 # Engineered Standard Time," said Twitter user @aysekarahasan. 3192 # http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34631326 3193 3194 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3195 Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 3196 Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3197 Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 3198 Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 3199 Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 3200 Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 3201 Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 3202 Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 3203 # Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; 3204 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 3205 Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S 3206 Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3207 Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 3208 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S 3209 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 - 3210 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S 3211 Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 3212 Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 3213 # Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; 3214 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 3215 Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 3216 Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S 3217 Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 3218 Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 3219 Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3220 Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 3221 Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 3222 Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 3223 Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S 3224 Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 3225 Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 3226 Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 3227 Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 3228 Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 3229 Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3230 Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S 3231 Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 3232 Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S 3233 Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 - 3234 Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 3235 Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 - 3236 Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 3237 Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 3238 Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 3239 Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 3240 Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 3241 Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S 3242 Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 - 3243 Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S 3244 Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S 3245 Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 3246 Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S 3247 Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 3248 Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 3249 Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 3250 Rule Turkey 1991 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 3251 Rule Turkey 1991 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 3252 Rule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 3253 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3254 Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 3255 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time? 3256 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15 3257 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time 3258 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007 3259 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u 3260 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u 3261 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u 3262 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u 3263 2:00 EU EE%sT 2015 Oct 25 1:00u 3264 2:00 1:00 EEST 2015 Nov 8 1:00u 3265 2:00 EU EE%sT 3266 Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. 3267 3268 # Ukraine 3269 # 3270 # From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice, 3271 # via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27): 3272 # BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's government 3273 # regulations No. 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says: 3274 # "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday 3275 # of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of 3276 # October the time at 4am is changing to 3am" 3277 3278 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20): 3279 # On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to 3280 # abolish the transfer clock to winter time. 3281 # 3282 # Bill No. 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got 3283 # approval from 266 deputies. 3284 # 3285 # Ukraine abolishes transfer back to the winter time (in Russian) 3286 # http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/ 3287 # 3288 # The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian) 3289 # http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html 3290 # 3291 # Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian) 3292 # http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/ 3293 # 3294 # From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18): 3295 # Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the 3296 # Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter 3297 # time this year after all. 3298 # 3299 # From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18): 3300 # As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukrainian time zone 3301 # (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar 3302 # to Russia) was reverted today: 3303 # http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995 3304 # 3305 # Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (2011-10-18) who also noted: 3306 # The law documents themselves are at 3307 # http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484 3308 3309 # From Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl re Kiev time 1991/2 (2014-02-28): 3310 # First in Ukraine they changed Time zone from UTC+3 to UTC+2 with DST: 3311 # 03 25 1990 02:00 -03.00 1 Time Zone 3 with DST 3312 # 07 01 1990 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST 3313 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 18.06.1990, No. 134. 3314 # http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/T001500.html 3315 # 3316 # They did not end DST in September, 1990 (according to the law, 3317 # "summer time" was still in action): 3318 # 09 30 1990 03:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST 3319 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 21.09.1990, No. 272. 3320 # http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/KP900272.html 3321 # 3322 # Again no change in March, 1991 ("summer time" in action): 3323 # 03 31 1991 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST 3324 # 3325 # DST ended in September 1991 ("summer time" ended): 3326 # 09 29 1991 03:00 -02.00 0 Time Zone 2, no DST 3327 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 25.09.1991, No. 225. 3328 # http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_21/pg_iwgdoc.htm 3329 # This is an answer. 3330 # 3331 # Since 1992 they had normal DST procedure: 3332 # 03 29 1992 02:00 -02.00 1 DST started 3333 # 09 27 1992 03:00 -02.00 0 DST ended 3334 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 20.03.1992, No. 139. 3335 # http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_8u/pg_grcasa.htm 3336 3337 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3338 # Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev. 3339 # "Kyiv" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 3340 # "Kiev" is more common in English. 3341 Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 3342 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time 3343 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 3344 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20 3345 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6 3346 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 1 2:00 3347 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 3:00 3348 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 3349 2:00 EU EE%sT 3350 # Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991. 3351 # "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Rusyn/Ukrainian pronunciation, but 3352 # "Uzhgorod" is more common in English. 3353 Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct 3354 1:00 - CET 1940 3355 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 3356 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26 3357 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29 3358 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 3359 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 3360 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00 3361 2:00 - EET 1992 3362 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 3363 2:00 EU EE%sT 3364 # Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991. 3365 # "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 3366 # "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English. Use the common English 3367 # spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in 3368 # portable Posix file names. 3369 Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880 3370 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T 3371 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 3372 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25 3373 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25 3374 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 3375 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 3376 2:00 EU EE%sT 3377 3378 # Vatican City 3379 # See Europe/Rome. 3380 3381 ############################################################################### 3382 3383 # One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from 3384 # the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. 3385 # The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. 3386 # 3387 # According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but 3388 # uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. 3389 # Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at 3390 # 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey 3391 # switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time 3392 # and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST) 3393 3394 # ... 3395 # Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100 3396 # From: Tom Hofmann 3397 # ... 3398 # 3399 # ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when 3400 # most European countries started DST. Before that year, only 3401 # a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according 3402 # to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on 3403 # 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following 3404 # years... 3405 # But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions 3406 # than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST 3407 # one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep 3408 # lastSun' in 1981 - I don't know how they handle now. 3409 # 3410 # Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the 3411 # Soviet Union (as far as I know). 3412 # 3413 # Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG, 3414 # 4002 Basle, Switzerland 3415 # ... 3416 3417 # ... 3418 # Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100 3419 # From: Dik T. Winter 3420 # ... 3421 # 3422 # The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct. 3423 # After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information 3424 # about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969. 3425 # 3426 # ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on 3427 # first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September... 3428 # In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that 3429 # the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982 3430 # the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in 3431 # the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch 3432 # dates... 3433 # 3434 # It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g. 3435 # Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST... 3436 # Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not 3437 # all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations 3438 # occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always 3439 # assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the 3440 # case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours 3441 # in advance of normal time. 3442 # 3443 # ... 3444 # dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland 3445 # ... 3446 3447 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 3448 # ... 3449 # Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). 3450 # Since 1978. Change at midnight. 3451 # ... 3452 # Monaco: has same DST as France. 3453 # ...