1506 # 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
1507 Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
1508 # 1949 and 1967 Oct transitions delayed by 1 week
1509 Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 -
1510 Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1511 Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 -
1512 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1513 Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908
1514 -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
1515 0:00 - GMT
1516
1517 # Italy
1518 #
1519 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
1520 # Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893,
1521 # called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32).
1522 # During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time.
1523 # But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff,
1524 # so record only the time in Rome.
1525 #
1526 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1527 # For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and
1528 # F. Pollastri
1529 # Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03)
1530 # http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html
1531 # ('FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
1532 # publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
1533 #
1534 # year FP Shanks&P. (S) Whitman (W) Go with:
1535 # 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W
1536 # 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1537 # 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S
1538 # 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W
1539 # 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S
1540 # 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W
1541 # 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S
1542 # 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1543 # 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S
1544 # 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1545 # 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur)
1546 # 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1547 # 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1548 # 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S
1549 # 09-20 09-27 00:00 S
1550 #
1551 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1552 Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S
1553 Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1554 Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1555 Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
1556 Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S
1557 Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
1558 Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S
1559 Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1560 Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 -
1561 Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S
1562 Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 -
1563 Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S
1564 Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 -
1565 Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S
1566 Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 -
1567 Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S
1568 Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 -
1569 Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S
1570 Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 -
1571 Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
1572 Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
1573 Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1574 Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S
1575 Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1576 Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
1577 Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
1578 Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1579 Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S
1580 Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1581 Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S
1582 Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1583 Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1584 Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S
1585 Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
1586 Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1587 Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
1588 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1589 Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22
1590 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov 1 0:00s # Rome Mean
1591 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1592 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul
1593 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980
1594 1:00 EU CE%sT
1595
1596 Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
1597 Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
1598
1599 # Latvia
1600
1601 # From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17):
1602
1603 # I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy
1604 # of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the
1605 # correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about
1606 # changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981....
1607 #
1608 # Act No. 35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ...
1609 # according to the Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24
1610 # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
1611 # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00)
1612 # and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00).
1771 Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S
1772 Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
1773 Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
1774 Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S
1775 Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
1776 Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S
1777 Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
1778 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1779 Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun
1780 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
1781 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
1782 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00
1783 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00
1784 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
1785 1:00 EU CE%sT
1786
1787 # Macedonia
1788 # See Europe/Belgrade.
1789
1790 # Malta
1791 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1792 Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S
1793 Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 -
1794 Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1795 Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 -
1796 Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
1797 Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
1798 Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
1799 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1800 Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta
1801 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1802 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
1803 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31
1804 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981
1805 1:00 EU CE%sT
1806
1807 # Moldova
1808
1809 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
1810 # the act of the government of the Republic of Moldova Nr. 132 from 1990-05-04
1811 # http://lex.justice.md/viewdoc.php?action=view&view=doc&id=298782&lang=2
1812 # ... says that since 1990-05-06 on the territory of the Moldavian SSR
1813 # time would be calculated as the standard time of the second time belt
1814 # plus one hour of the "summer" time. To implement that clocks would be
1815 # adjusted one hour backwards at 1990-05-06 2:00. After that "summer"
1816 # time would be cancelled last Sunday of September at 3:00 and
1817 # reintroduced last Sunday of March at 2:00.
1818
1819 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1820 # A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write
1821 # that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00.
1822 # However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence
1914 # practice of following Amsterdam mean time.
1915 #
1916 # (2001-04-09):
1917 # In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the
1918 # municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe
1919 # Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was
1920 # actually followed.
1921 #
1922 # From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to
1923 # observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of
1924 # Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most
1925 # places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically
1926 # adopted Amsterdam mean time.
1927 #
1928 # Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety
1929 # of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
1930 # was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
1931 # Amsterdam mean time.
1932
1933 # The data entries before 1945 are taken from
1934 # http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm
1935
1936 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1937 Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
1938 Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
1939 Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
1940 Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
1941 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1942 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT
1943 Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
1944 Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
1945 Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1946 Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
1947 Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1948 # From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week
1949 # in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend.
1950 Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1951 Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1952 Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1953 Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1954 Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
3433 # "Bundesgesetz über die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on
3434 # 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16
3435 # (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in
3436 # practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph
3437 # offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso"
3438 # (Google translation). For now, model this transition as occurring on
3439 # 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and
3440 # legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date.
3441
3442 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3443 Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S
3444 Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 -
3445 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3446 Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
3447 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
3448 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
3449 1:00 EU CE%sT
3450
3451 # Turkey
3452
3453 # From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03):
3454 # The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now.
3455 # ... The latest rules are available at:
3456 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107
3457 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03):
3458 # I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that
3459 # DST started 01:00 local time and end at 02:00 local time. I am not sure
3460 # what happened before that. One example for each year from 1996 to 2001:
3461 # http://newspot.byegm.gov.tr/arsiv/1996/21/N4.htm
3462 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING97/03/97X03X25.TXT
3463 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING98/03/98X03X02.HTM
3464 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING99/10/99X10X26.HTM#%2016
3465 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2000/03/00X03X06.HTM#%2021
3466 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2001/03/23x03x01.HTM#%2027
3467 # From Paul Eggert (2007-01-03):
3468 # Prefer the above source to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1990.
3469
3470 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09):
3471 # Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC
3472 # start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07):
3473 # http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp
3474 # The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...:
3475 # http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm
3476 # I was able to locate the following seemingly official document
3477 # (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006:
3478 # http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm
3479
3480 # From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10):
3481 # According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer
3482 # time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27.
3483 # This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th.
3484 # http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872
3485 # Turkish:
3486 # http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373
3487
3488 # From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14):
3557 Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
3558 Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3559 Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
3560 Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
3561 Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S
3562 Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 -
3563 Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
3564 Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 -
3565 Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
3566 Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
3567 Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
3568 Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
3569 Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
3570 Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S
3571 Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 -
3572 Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S
3573 Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S
3574 Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
3575 Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S
3576 Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
3577 Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
3578 Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
3579 Rule Turkey 1991 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
3580 Rule Turkey 1991 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
3581 Rule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
3582 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3583 Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
3584 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
3585 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15
3586 3:00 Turkey +03/+04 1985 Apr 20
3587 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007
3588 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u
3589 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u
3590 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u
3591 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u
3592 2:00 EU EE%sT 2015 Oct 25 1:00u
3593 2:00 1:00 EEST 2015 Nov 8 1:00u
3594 2:00 EU EE%sT 2016 Sep 7
3595 3:00 - +03
3596 Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
3597
3598 # Ukraine
3599 #
3600 # From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice,
|
1506 # 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
1507 Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
1508 # 1949 and 1967 Oct transitions delayed by 1 week
1509 Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 -
1510 Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1511 Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 -
1512 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1513 Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908
1514 -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
1515 0:00 - GMT
1516
1517 # Italy
1518 #
1519 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
1520 # Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893,
1521 # called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32).
1522 # During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time.
1523 # But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff,
1524 # so record only the time in Rome.
1525 #
1526 # From Michael Deckers (2016-10-24):
1527 # http://www.ac-ilsestante.it/MERIDIANE/ora_legale quotes a law of 1893-08-10
1528 # ... [translated as] "The preceding dispositions will enter into
1529 # force at the instant at which, according to the time specified in
1530 # the 1st article, the 1st of November 1893 will begin...."
1531 #
1532 # From Pierpaolo Bernardi (2016-10-20):
1533 # The authoritative source for time in Italy is the national metrological
1534 # institute, which has a summary page of historical DST data at
1535 # http://www.inrim.it/res/tf/ora_legale_i.shtml
1536 # (2016-10-24):
1537 # http://www.renzobaldini.it/le-ore-legali-in-italia/
1538 # has still different data for 1944. It divides Italy in two, as
1539 # there were effectively two governments at the time, north of Gothic
1540 # Line German controlled territory, official government RSI, and south
1541 # of the Gothic Line, controlled by allied armies.
1542 #
1543 # From Brian Inglis (2016-10-23):
1544 # Viceregal LEGISLATIVE DECREE. 14 September 1944, no. 219.
1545 # Restoration of Standard Time. (044U0219) (OJ 62 of 30.9.1944) ...
1546 # Given the R. law decreed on 1944-03-29, no. 92, by which standard time is
1547 # advanced to sixty minutes later starting at hour two on 1944-04-02; ...
1548 # Starting at hour three on the date 1944-09-17 standard time will be resumed.
1549 #
1550 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-27):
1551 # Go with INRiM for DST rules, except as corrected by Inglis for 1944
1552 # for the Kingdom of Italy. This is consistent with Renzo Baldini.
1553 # Model Rome's occupation by using using C-Eur rules from 1943-09-10
1554 # to 1944-06-04; although Rome was an open city during this period, it
1555 # was effectively controlled by Germany.
1556 #
1557 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1558 Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 24:00 1:00 S
1559 Rule Italy 1916 1917 - Sep 30 24:00 0 -
1560 Rule Italy 1917 only - Mar 31 24:00 1:00 S
1561 Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 9 24:00 1:00 S
1562 Rule Italy 1918 only - Oct 6 24:00 0 -
1563 Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 1 24:00 1:00 S
1564 Rule Italy 1919 only - Oct 4 24:00 0 -
1565 Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 S
1566 Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 18 24:00 0 -
1567 Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 14 24:00 1:00 S
1568 Rule Italy 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 -
1569 Rule Italy 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S
1570 Rule Italy 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 -
1571 Rule Italy 1944 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1572 Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 -
1573 Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S
1574 Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 1:00 0 -
1575 Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S
1576 Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 -
1577 Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S
1578 Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 -
1579 Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S
1580 Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 -
1581 Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
1582 Rule Italy 1966 only - Sep 24 24:00 0 -
1583 Rule Italy 1967 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00s 0 -
1584 Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1585 Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00s 1:00 S
1586 Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1587 Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
1588 Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1589 Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1590 Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S
1591 Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1592 Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00s 1:00 S
1593 Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1594 Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1595 Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S
1596 Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
1597 Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1598 Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
1599 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1600 Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22
1601 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Oct 31 23:49:56 # Rome Mean
1602 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1943 Sep 10
1603 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jun 4
1604 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980
1605 1:00 EU CE%sT
1606
1607 Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
1608 Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
1609
1610 # Latvia
1611
1612 # From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17):
1613
1614 # I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy
1615 # of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the
1616 # correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about
1617 # changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981....
1618 #
1619 # Act No. 35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ...
1620 # according to the Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24
1621 # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
1622 # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00)
1623 # and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00).
1782 Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S
1783 Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
1784 Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
1785 Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S
1786 Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
1787 Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S
1788 Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
1789 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1790 Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun
1791 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
1792 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
1793 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00
1794 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00
1795 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
1796 1:00 EU CE%sT
1797
1798 # Macedonia
1799 # See Europe/Belgrade.
1800
1801 # Malta
1802 #
1803 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-21):
1804 # Assume 1900-1972 was like Rome, overriding Shanks.
1805 #
1806 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1807 Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S
1808 Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 -
1809 Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1810 Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 -
1811 Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
1812 Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
1813 Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
1814 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1815 Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta
1816 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31
1817 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981
1818 1:00 EU CE%sT
1819
1820 # Moldova
1821
1822 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
1823 # the act of the government of the Republic of Moldova Nr. 132 from 1990-05-04
1824 # http://lex.justice.md/viewdoc.php?action=view&view=doc&id=298782&lang=2
1825 # ... says that since 1990-05-06 on the territory of the Moldavian SSR
1826 # time would be calculated as the standard time of the second time belt
1827 # plus one hour of the "summer" time. To implement that clocks would be
1828 # adjusted one hour backwards at 1990-05-06 2:00. After that "summer"
1829 # time would be cancelled last Sunday of September at 3:00 and
1830 # reintroduced last Sunday of March at 2:00.
1831
1832 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1833 # A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write
1834 # that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00.
1835 # However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence
1927 # practice of following Amsterdam mean time.
1928 #
1929 # (2001-04-09):
1930 # In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the
1931 # municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe
1932 # Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was
1933 # actually followed.
1934 #
1935 # From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to
1936 # observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of
1937 # Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most
1938 # places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically
1939 # adopted Amsterdam mean time.
1940 #
1941 # Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety
1942 # of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
1943 # was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
1944 # Amsterdam mean time.
1945
1946 # The data entries before 1945 are taken from
1947 # http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/wettijd/wettijd.htm
1948
1949 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1950 Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
1951 Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
1952 Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
1953 Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
1954 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1955 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT
1956 Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
1957 Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
1958 Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1959 Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
1960 Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1961 # From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week
1962 # in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend.
1963 Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1964 Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1965 Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1966 Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1967 Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
3446 # "Bundesgesetz über die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on
3447 # 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16
3448 # (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in
3449 # practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph
3450 # offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso"
3451 # (Google translation). For now, model this transition as occurring on
3452 # 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and
3453 # legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date.
3454
3455 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3456 Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S
3457 Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 -
3458 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3459 Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
3460 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
3461 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
3462 1:00 EU CE%sT
3463
3464 # Turkey
3465
3466 # From Kıvanç Yazan (2016-09-25):
3467 # 1) For 1986-2006, DST started at 01:00 local and ended at 02:00 local, with
3468 # no exceptions.
3469 # 2) 1994's lastSun was overridden with Mar 20 ...
3470 # Here are official papers:
3471 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19032.pdf - page 2 for 1986
3472 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19400.pdf - page 4 for 1987
3473 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19752.pdf - page 15 for 1988
3474 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20102.pdf - page 6 for 1989
3475 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20464.pdf - page 1 for 1990 - 1992
3476 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21531.pdf - page 15 for 1993 - 1995
3477 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21879.pdf - page 1 for overriding 1994
3478 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/22588.pdf - page 1 for 1996, 1997
3479 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/23286.pdf - page 10 for 1998 - 2000
3480 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2001/03/20010324.htm#2 - for 2001
3481 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2002/03/20020316.htm#2 - for 2002-2006
3482 # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-25):
3483 # Prefer the above sources to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1985.
3484
3485 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09):
3486 # Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC
3487 # start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07):
3488 # http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp
3489 # The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...:
3490 # http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm
3491 # I was able to locate the following seemingly official document
3492 # (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006:
3493 # http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm
3494
3495 # From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10):
3496 # According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer
3497 # time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27.
3498 # This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th.
3499 # http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872
3500 # Turkish:
3501 # http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373
3502
3503 # From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14):
3572 Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
3573 Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3574 Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
3575 Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
3576 Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S
3577 Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 -
3578 Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
3579 Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 -
3580 Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
3581 Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
3582 Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
3583 Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
3584 Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
3585 Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S
3586 Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 -
3587 Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S
3588 Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S
3589 Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
3590 Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S
3591 Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
3592 Rule Turkey 1986 1993 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
3593 Rule Turkey 1986 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
3594 Rule Turkey 1994 only - Mar 20 1:00s 1:00 S
3595 Rule Turkey 1995 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
3596 Rule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
3597 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3598 Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
3599 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
3600 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15
3601 3:00 Turkey +03/+04 1985 Apr 20
3602 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007
3603 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u
3604 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u
3605 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u
3606 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u
3607 2:00 EU EE%sT 2015 Oct 25 1:00u
3608 2:00 1:00 EEST 2015 Nov 8 1:00u
3609 2:00 EU EE%sT 2016 Sep 7
3610 3:00 - +03
3611 Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
3612
3613 # Ukraine
3614 #
3615 # From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice,
|