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@@ -1521,77 +1521,88 @@
# called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32).
# During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time.
# But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff,
# so record only the time in Rome.
#
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and
-# F. Pollastri
-# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03)
-# http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html
-# ('FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
-# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
-#
-# year FP Shanks&P. (S) Whitman (W) Go with:
-# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W
-# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
-# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S
-# 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W
-# 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S
-# 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W
-# 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S
-# 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
-# 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S
-# 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
-# 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur)
-# 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s
-# 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s
-# 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S
-# 09-20 09-27 00:00 S
+# From Michael Deckers (2016-10-24):
+# http://www.ac-ilsestante.it/MERIDIANE/ora_legale quotes a law of 1893-08-10
+# ... [translated as] "The preceding dispositions will enter into
+# force at the instant at which, according to the time specified in
+# the 1st article, the 1st of November 1893 will begin...."
+#
+# From Pierpaolo Bernardi (2016-10-20):
+# The authoritative source for time in Italy is the national metrological
+# institute, which has a summary page of historical DST data at
+# http://www.inrim.it/res/tf/ora_legale_i.shtml
+# (2016-10-24):
+# http://www.renzobaldini.it/le-ore-legali-in-italia/
+# has still different data for 1944. It divides Italy in two, as
+# there were effectively two governments at the time, north of Gothic
+# Line German controlled territory, official government RSI, and south
+# of the Gothic Line, controlled by allied armies.
+#
+# From Brian Inglis (2016-10-23):
+# Viceregal LEGISLATIVE DECREE. 14 September 1944, no. 219.
+# Restoration of Standard Time. (044U0219) (OJ 62 of 30.9.1944) ...
+# Given the R. law decreed on 1944-03-29, no. 92, by which standard time is
+# advanced to sixty minutes later starting at hour two on 1944-04-02; ...
+# Starting at hour three on the date 1944-09-17 standard time will be resumed.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-27):
+# Go with INRiM for DST rules, except as corrected by Inglis for 1944
+# for the Kingdom of Italy. This is consistent with Renzo Baldini.
+# Model Rome's occupation by using using C-Eur rules from 1943-09-10
+# to 1944-06-04; although Rome was an open city during this period, it
+# was effectively controlled by Germany.
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 24:00 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1916 1917 - Sep 30 24:00 0 -
+Rule Italy 1917 only - Mar 31 24:00 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 9 24:00 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1918 only - Oct 6 24:00 0 -
+Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 1 24:00 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1919 only - Oct 4 24:00 0 -
+Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 18 24:00 0 -
+Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 14 24:00 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Italy 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Italy 1944 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 -
Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 1:00 0 -
Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 -
Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 -
Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
-Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
-Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
-Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
-Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1966 only - Sep 24 24:00 0 -
+Rule Italy 1967 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22
- 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov 1 0:00s # Rome Mean
- 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul
+ 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Oct 31 23:49:56 # Rome Mean
+ 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1943 Sep 10
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jun 4
1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980
1:00 EU CE%sT
Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
@@ -1786,22 +1797,24 @@
# Macedonia
# See Europe/Belgrade.
# Malta
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-21):
+# Assume 1900-1972 was like Rome, overriding Shanks.
+#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 -
Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 -
Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta
- 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31
1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Moldova
@@ -1929,11 +1942,11 @@
# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
# Amsterdam mean time.
# The data entries before 1945 are taken from
-# http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm
+# http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/wettijd/wettijd.htm
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
@@ -3448,26 +3461,28 @@
1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Turkey
-# From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03):
-# The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now.
-# ... The latest rules are available at:
-# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03):
-# I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that
-# DST started 01:00 local time and end at 02:00 local time. I am not sure
-# what happened before that. One example for each year from 1996 to 2001:
-# http://newspot.byegm.gov.tr/arsiv/1996/21/N4.htm
-# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING97/03/97X03X25.TXT
-# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING98/03/98X03X02.HTM
-# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING99/10/99X10X26.HTM#%2016
-# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2000/03/00X03X06.HTM#%2021
-# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2001/03/23x03x01.HTM#%2027
-# From Paul Eggert (2007-01-03):
-# Prefer the above source to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1990.
+# From Kıvanç Yazan (2016-09-25):
+# 1) For 1986-2006, DST started at 01:00 local and ended at 02:00 local, with
+# no exceptions.
+# 2) 1994's lastSun was overridden with Mar 20 ...
+# Here are official papers:
+# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19032.pdf - page 2 for 1986
+# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19400.pdf - page 4 for 1987
+# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19752.pdf - page 15 for 1988
+# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20102.pdf - page 6 for 1989
+# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20464.pdf - page 1 for 1990 - 1992
+# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21531.pdf - page 15 for 1993 - 1995
+# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21879.pdf - page 1 for overriding 1994
+# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/22588.pdf - page 1 for 1996, 1997
+# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/23286.pdf - page 10 for 1998 - 2000
+# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2001/03/20010324.htm#2 - for 2001
+# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2002/03/20020316.htm#2 - for 2002-2006
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-25):
+# Prefer the above sources to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1985.
# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09):
# Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC
# start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07):
# http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp
@@ -3572,14 +3587,14 @@
Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1991 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1991 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
+Rule Turkey 1986 1993 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1986 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
+Rule Turkey 1994 only - Mar 20 1:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1995 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15
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