1 # 2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 3 # 4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this 7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 9 # 10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 14 # accompanied this code). 15 # 16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 19 # 20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 22 # questions. 23 # 24 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 25 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 26 27 # This file also includes Pacific islands. 28 29 # Notes are at the end of this file 30 31 ############################################################################### 32 33 # Australia 34 35 # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 36 37 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 38 Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D 39 Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S 40 Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D 41 Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S 42 Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D 43 Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 44 Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D 45 # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 46 # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 47 # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 48 49 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 50 # Northern Territory 51 Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 52 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 53 9:30 Aus AC%sT 54 # Western Australia 55 # 56 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 57 Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 58 Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 59 Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 60 Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 61 Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D 62 Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 63 Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D 64 Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 65 Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 66 Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 67 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul 68 8:00 AW AW%sT 69 Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 70 8:45 Aus ACW%sT 1943 Jul 71 8:45 AW ACW%sT 72 73 # Queensland 74 # 75 # From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 76 # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 77 # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 78 # Queensland ceased to. 79 # 80 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 81 # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 82 # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 83 # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 84 # so use Lindeman. 85 # 86 # From J William Piggott (2016-02-20): 87 # There is no location named Holiday Islands in Queensland Australia; holiday 88 # islands is a colloquial term used globally. Hayman and Lindeman are at the 89 # north and south extremes of the Whitsunday Islands archipelago, and 90 # Hamilton is in between; it is reasonable to believe that this time zone 91 # applies to all of the Whitsundays. 92 # http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-islands 93 # 94 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 95 Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 96 Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 97 Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 98 Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 99 Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 100 Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 101 Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 102 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 103 10:00 AQ AE%sT 104 Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 105 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 106 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul 107 10:00 Holiday AE%sT 108 109 # South Australia 110 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 111 Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 112 Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 113 Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 114 Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 115 Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 116 Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 117 Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S 118 Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S 119 Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S 120 Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S 121 Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 122 Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S 123 Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 124 Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 125 Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 126 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 127 Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 128 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 129 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 130 9:30 AS AC%sT 131 132 # Tasmania 133 # 134 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 135 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 136 # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 137 # 138 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 139 Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 140 Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 141 Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 142 Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S 143 Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 144 Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 145 Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 146 Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 147 Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 148 Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 149 Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D 150 Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 151 Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 152 Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 153 Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 154 Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 155 Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 156 Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 157 Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 158 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 159 Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 160 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 161 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 162 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 163 10:00 AT AE%sT 164 Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 165 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 166 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 167 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul 168 10:00 AT AE%sT 169 170 # Victoria 171 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 172 Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 173 Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 174 Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 175 Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 176 Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 177 Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 178 Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 179 Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 180 Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 181 Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 182 Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 183 Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 184 Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 185 Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 186 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 187 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 188 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 189 10:00 AV AE%sT 190 191 # New South Wales 192 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 193 Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 194 Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 195 Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 196 Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 197 Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 198 Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 199 Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 200 Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 201 Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 202 Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 203 Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 204 Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 205 Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 206 Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 207 Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 208 Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 209 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 210 Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 211 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 212 10:00 AN AE%sT 213 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 214 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23 215 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 216 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 217 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000 218 9:30 AS AC%sT 219 220 # Lord Howe Island 221 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 222 Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 223 Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 224 Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 225 Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S 226 Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 D 227 Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 228 Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 229 Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 230 Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 231 Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 232 Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 233 Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 234 Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 235 Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 D 236 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 237 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar 238 10:30 LH LH%sT 239 240 # Australian miscellany 241 # 242 # Ashmore Is, Cartier 243 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 244 # no times are set 245 # 246 # Coral Sea Is 247 # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 248 # no times are set 249 # 250 # Macquarie 251 # Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; 252 # sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the 253 # Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island 254 # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828 255 # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831 256 # Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. 257 # 258 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 259 # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 260 # - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 261 # switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 262 # on 4 April. 263 # 264 # From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): 265 # The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics 266 # will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type; 267 # this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by 268 # pre-2013 versions of localtime. 269 Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - -00 1899 Nov 270 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 271 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 272 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s 273 0 - -00 1948 Mar 25 274 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 275 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00 276 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie I Standard Time 277 278 # Christmas 279 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 280 Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 281 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 282 283 # Cocos (Keeling) Is 284 # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 285 # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 286 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 287 Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 288 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 289 290 291 # Fiji 292 293 # Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. 294 295 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 296 # According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 297 # from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 298 # 299 # "Daylight savings to commence this month" 300 # http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 301 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 302 303 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 304 # The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 305 # amendments: 306 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 307 308 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 309 # The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 310 # 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 311 # The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 312 # 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 313 # 314 # Official source: 315 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 316 # 317 # A bit more background info here: 318 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 319 320 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 321 # According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 322 # weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 323 # Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 324 # Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 325 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 326 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 327 328 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 329 # Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 330 # assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 331 # 332 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 333 # which says 334 # Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 335 # advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 336 # 2am on February 26 next year. 337 338 # From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 339 # Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 340 # Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 341 # 342 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 343 # states: 344 # 345 # The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 346 # has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 347 # The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 348 # on the 23rd of October, 2011. 349 350 # From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 351 # The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 352 # today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 353 # October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 354 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 355 356 # From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: 357 # Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... 358 # move clocks forward by one hour from 2am 359 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx 360 361 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): 362 # Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: 363 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx 364 365 # From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20): 366 # DST will start Nov. 2 this year. 367 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx 368 369 # From a government order dated 2015-08-26 and published as Legal Notice No. 77 370 # in the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 24 (2015-08-28), 371 # via Ken Rylander (2015-09-02): 372 # the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time 373 # commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at 374 # 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016. 375 376 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-01): 377 # For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to 378 # 03:00 the third Sunday in January. Although ad hoc, it matches 379 # transitions since late 2014 and seems more likely to match future 380 # practice than guessing no DST. 381 382 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 383 Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 384 Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 385 Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 386 Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 387 Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S 388 Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 389 Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 390 Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - 391 Rule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 392 Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 - 393 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 394 Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 395 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 396 397 # French Polynesia 398 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 399 Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 400 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 401 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 402 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 403 Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 404 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 405 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 406 # it is uninhabited. 407 408 # Guam 409 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 410 Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 411 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 412 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 413 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 414 Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is 415 416 # Kiribati 417 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 418 Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 419 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 420 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 421 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 422 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 423 13:00 - PHOT 424 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 425 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 426 -10:00 - LINT 1995 427 14:00 - LINT 428 429 # N Mariana Is 430 # See Pacific/Guam. 431 432 # Marshall Is 433 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 434 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 435 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 436 12:00 - MHT 437 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 438 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 439 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 440 12:00 - MHT 441 442 # Micronesia 443 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 444 Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 445 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time 446 Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 447 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time 448 Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 449 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 450 12:00 - KOST 1999 451 11:00 - KOST 452 453 # Nauru 454 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 455 Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 456 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 457 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 458 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 459 12:00 - NRT 460 461 # New Caledonia 462 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 463 Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 464 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 465 Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 466 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 467 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 468 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 469 Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa 470 11:00 NC NC%sT 471 472 473 ############################################################################### 474 475 # New Zealand 476 477 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 478 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 479 Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 480 Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 481 Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 482 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 483 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 484 Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 485 # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 486 # convenient single notation for the date and time of this transition 487 # so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 488 Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 489 Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 490 Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 491 Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 492 Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 493 Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 494 Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 495 Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 496 Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 497 Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 498 Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 499 Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 500 Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 501 Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 502 Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 503 Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 504 Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 505 Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 506 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 507 Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 508 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 509 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 510 Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 511 12:15 - CHAST 1946 Jan 1 512 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 513 514 Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo 515 516 # Auckland Is 517 # uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 518 # and scientific personnel have wintered 519 520 # Campbell I 521 # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 522 # scientific station operated 1941/1995; 523 # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 524 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland 525 526 # Cook Is 527 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 528 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 529 Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 530 Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 531 Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 532 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 533 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 534 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 535 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 536 537 ############################################################################### 538 539 540 # Niue 541 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 542 Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 543 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 544 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 545 -11:00 - NUT 546 547 # Norfolk 548 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 549 Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 550 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 551 11:30 - NFT 1974 Oct 27 02:00 # Norfolk T. 552 11:30 1:00 NFST 1975 Mar 2 02:00 553 11:30 - NFT 2015 Oct 4 02:00 554 11:00 - NFT 555 556 # Palau (Belau) 557 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 558 Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 559 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 560 561 # Papua New Guinea 562 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 563 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 564 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 565 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 566 # 567 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): 568 # Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have 569 # the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War. 570 # 571 # Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates 572 # are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns. 573 # The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta. 574 # The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942, 575 # according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia 576 # http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm 577 # and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender. 578 # 579 # The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11 580 # on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time"; 581 # abbreviate this as BST. See: 582 # http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/ 583 # 584 Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880 585 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 586 10:00 - PGT 1942 Jul 587 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 21 588 10:00 - PGT 2014 Dec 28 2:00 589 11:00 - BST 590 591 # Pitcairn 592 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 593 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 594 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 0:00 595 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 596 597 # American Samoa 598 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 599 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 600 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 601 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 602 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 603 Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway # in US minor outlying islands 604 605 # Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa) 606 607 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 608 # We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 609 # the following info: 610 # 611 # "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 612 # commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 613 # Sunday of April 2011." 614 # 615 # Background info: 616 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 617 # 618 # Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 619 # contain any dates: 620 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 621 622 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 623 # Please see 624 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws 625 # the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 626 # September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 627 # to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 628 # backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 629 630 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 631 # [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf] 632 # 633 # ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am 634 # or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to 635 # measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock 636 # (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 637 638 # From David Zülke (2011-05-09): 639 # Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 640 # 641 # http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 642 643 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27): 644 # The International Date Line Act 2011 645 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf 646 # changed Samoa from UT -11 to +13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on 647 # Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted 648 # accordingly. 649 650 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 651 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 652 # 653 # here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 654 # 655 # DST 656 # Year End Time Start Time 657 # 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 658 # 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 659 # 660 # Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 661 # Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 662 # Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 663 # 664 # From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10): 665 # Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 666 # ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.... 667 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 668 # 669 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 670 # That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4. 671 # Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely. 672 673 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 674 Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 D 675 Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 S 676 Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 D 677 Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 S 678 Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D 679 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 680 Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 681 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 682 -11:30 - WSST 1950 683 -11:00 WS S%sT 2011 Dec 29 24:00 # S=Samoa 684 13:00 WS WS%sT 685 686 # Solomon Is 687 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 688 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 689 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 690 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 691 692 # Tokelau Is 693 # 694 # From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 695 # A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 696 # December 31 this year ... 697 # 698 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 699 # ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 700 # about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 701 # Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 702 # actually was to UTC-11 back then. 703 # 704 # From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 705 # A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 706 # Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 707 # <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 708 # was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 709 # are off by an hour starting in 1901. 710 711 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 712 Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 713 -11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time 714 13:00 - TKT 715 716 # Tonga 717 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 718 Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 719 Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 720 Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 721 Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 722 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 723 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 724 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 725 13:00 - TOT 1999 726 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 727 728 # Tuvalu 729 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 730 Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 731 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 732 733 734 # US minor outlying islands 735 736 # Howland, Baker 737 # Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 738 # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 739 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 740 # uninhabited thereafter. 741 # Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT -10:30) in 1937; 742 # see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 743 # Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 744 # So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 745 # until they were abandoned after the war. 746 747 # Jarvis 748 # Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 749 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 750 # uninhabited thereafter. 751 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 752 753 # Johnston 754 # 755 # From Paul Eggert (2014-03-11): 756 # Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. 757 # Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so 758 # treat it like Hawaii for now. 759 # 760 # In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 761 # <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, 762 # "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM 763 # Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and 764 # confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. 765 # 766 # From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): 767 # [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used 768 # was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, 769 # which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the 770 # time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last 771 # Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, 772 # "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the 773 # Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976. 774 # http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf 775 # See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a 776 # footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time 777 # Minus One Hour". 778 # 779 # See 'northamerica' for Pacific/Johnston. 780 781 # Kingman 782 # uninhabited 783 784 # Midway 785 # See Pacific/Pago_Pago. 786 787 # Palmyra 788 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 789 790 # Wake 791 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 792 Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 793 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 794 795 796 # Vanuatu 797 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 798 Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 799 Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 800 Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 801 Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 802 Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 803 Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 804 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 805 Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 806 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 807 808 # Wallis and Futuna 809 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 810 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 811 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 812 813 ############################################################################### 814 815 # NOTES 816 817 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 818 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 819 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 820 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 821 822 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31): 823 # 824 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 825 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 826 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 827 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 828 # 829 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source 830 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 831 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 832 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 833 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 834 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 835 # 836 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 837 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 838 # I found in the UCLA library. 839 # 840 # For data circa 1899, a common source is: 841 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 842 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 843 # 844 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 845 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 846 # 847 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; 848 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 849 # Corrections are welcome! 850 # std dst 851 # LMT Local Mean Time 852 # 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia 853 # 8:45 ACWST ACWDT Central Western Australia* 854 # 9:00 JST Japan 855 # 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia 856 # 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia 857 # 10:00 ChST Chamorro 858 # 10:30 LHST LHDT Lord Howe* 859 # 11:00 BST Bougainville* 860 # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 861 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 862 # 12:15 CHAST Chatham through 1945* 863 # 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham 1946-present* 864 # 13:00 WSST WSDT (western) Samoa 2011-present* 865 # -11:30 WSST Western Samoa through 1950* 866 # -11:00 SST Samoa 867 # -10:00 HST Hawaii 868 # - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 869 # 870 # See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii. 871 # See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is. 872 873 ############################################################################### 874 875 # Australia 876 877 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 878 # Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting 879 # region against region, rural against urban, and local against global. 880 # For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving 881 # Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native 882 # Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was 883 # very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a 884 # Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded 885 # Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables 886 # about fading curtains and crazed farm animals." 887 # Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03) 888 # http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm 889 890 # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 891 # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 892 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 893 # summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 894 895 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 896 # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 897 # http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving 898 # covers New South Wales in particular. 899 900 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 901 # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time. 902 # It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer' 903 # and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 904 # abbreviation does _not_ change... 905 # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 906 # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 907 # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 908 # the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight 909 # time'. 910 # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 911 # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time' 912 # or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 913 # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 914 # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 915 # prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times; 916 # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 917 918 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 919 # 920 # Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this 921 # file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer 922 # Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST". 923 # However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common 924 # practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints 925 # about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage. 926 # For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important; 927 # what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web 928 # directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for 929 # strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an 930 # abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the 931 # following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries: 932 # 933 # 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits] 934 # 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au 935 # 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au 936 # 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au 937 # 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au 938 # 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au 939 # 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits] 940 # 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits] 941 # 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au 942 # 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au 943 # 944 # 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits] 945 # 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au 946 # 947 # I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but 948 # they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages 949 # mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since 950 # there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found: 951 # 952 # 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au 953 # 226 "western standard time" WST site:au 954 # 955 # I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as 956 # listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au" 957 # and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results. 958 # All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers 959 # surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail, 960 # The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser, 961 # The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle). 962 # 963 # I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations 964 # like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/> 965 # found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style 966 # dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't 967 # fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations 968 # like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather 969 # column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column 970 # (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not 971 # strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..." 972 # (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and 973 # WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel 974 # about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two 975 # territories has prompted one group to form its very own political 976 # party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party." 977 # 978 # I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree: 979 # 980 # The Australian Government (2014-03-26) 981 # http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time 982 # (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.) 983 # AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 984 # 985 # Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08) 986 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml 987 # EST CST WST EDT CDT 988 # 989 # Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated) 990 # http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml 991 # EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST) 992 # 993 # Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24) 994 # http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp 995 # AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 996 # 997 # Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10) 998 # http://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf 999 # EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used 1000 # 1001 # The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports, 1002 # and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like. 1003 # Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits: 1004 # 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT". 1005 # "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to 1006 # appear in reports of events with international implications. 1007 # 1008 # From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in 1009 # Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although 1010 # some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in 1011 # the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it 1012 # seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all 1013 # the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments, 1014 # it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current 1015 # version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and 1016 # "AEDT" for Australian time zones. 1017 1018 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 1019 # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1020 # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 1021 # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 1022 # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 1023 # and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time. 1024 # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 1025 1026 # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 1027 # 1028 # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 1029 # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 1030 # relevant entries in this database. 1031 # 1032 # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 1033 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 1034 # http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html 1035 # ACT 1036 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 1037 # http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html 1038 # SA 1039 # Standard Time Act, 1898 1040 # http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html 1041 1042 # From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 1043 # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 1044 # one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 1045 # Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 1046 # in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 1047 # 1048 # From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 1049 # I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 1050 # to extend DST together in 2006. 1051 # ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 1052 # New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 1053 # South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 1054 # Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 1055 # Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 1056 # allude to it. 1057 # But not Queensland 1058 # http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html 1059 1060 # Northern Territory 1061 1062 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1063 # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 1064 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1065 # # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 1066 # ... 1067 # Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 1068 1069 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1070 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1071 # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 1072 1073 # Western Australia 1074 1075 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1076 # # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 1077 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1078 # # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 1079 # # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 1080 # # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 1081 # # before reaching parliament. 1082 # ... 1083 # Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 1084 # ... 1085 # Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1086 # Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1087 # Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1088 # Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1089 1090 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1091 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1092 # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 1093 1094 # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 1095 # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 1096 # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 1097 # work at 9.00am.) 1098 # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 1099 # everybody again. 1100 1101 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1102 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 1103 # it matches what was used in the past. 1104 1105 # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1106 # http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm 1107 # (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 1108 # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 1109 1110 # Queensland 1111 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1112 # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 1113 # # [ Dec 1990 ] 1114 # ... 1115 # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 1116 # ... 1117 # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1118 # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 1119 # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1120 # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 1121 1122 # From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 1123 # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 1124 # October 1989). 1125 1126 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1127 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1128 # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1129 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1130 1131 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1132 # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 1133 # end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 1134 # me.) 1135 1136 # From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 1137 # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 1138 # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 1139 # ... 1140 # Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1141 # Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1142 # ... 1143 1144 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1145 # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 1146 1147 # From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1148 # from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1149 # WA are trialing DST for three years. 1150 # http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf 1151 1152 # From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1153 # The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1154 # southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1155 # Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1156 # residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1157 # much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1158 # international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1159 # Australia and Western Australia.... 1160 # 1161 # From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1162 # This is confirmed by the section entitled 1163 # "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1164 # http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html 1165 # 1166 # From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1167 # ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1168 # which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1169 # coast of the continent. 1170 # 1171 # I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1172 # dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1173 # village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1174 # as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1175 # the largest population centre in this zone.... 1176 # 1177 # Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1178 # question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1179 # just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1180 # meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1181 # 1182 # (2006-12-09): 1183 # I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1184 # in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1185 # of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1186 # before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1187 1188 # From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1189 # For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1190 # introduction of standard time in 1895. 1191 1192 1193 # southeast Australia 1194 # 1195 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1196 # Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1197 # end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1198 # http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 1199 1200 1201 # South Australia 1202 1203 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1204 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1205 # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1206 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1207 1208 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1209 # # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 1210 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1211 # ... 1212 # Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 1213 # ... 1214 # Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1215 # Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1216 # Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 1217 # Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1218 1219 # From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1220 # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1221 # contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1222 # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1223 1224 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1225 # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1226 # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1227 # numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1228 # is on... 1229 1230 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1231 # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1232 # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1233 # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1234 1235 # From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1236 # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1237 # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1238 # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1239 1240 # From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1241 # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1242 # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1243 # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1244 1245 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1246 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1247 1248 # Tasmania 1249 1250 # The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1251 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1252 # # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1253 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1254 1255 # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1256 # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1257 # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1258 # (but nothing new about that). 1259 1260 # From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1261 # I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1262 # (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1263 # has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1264 # (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1265 # instead of the first Sunday in October. 1266 1267 # Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1268 # http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1269 1270 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1271 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1272 1273 # Victoria 1274 1275 # The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1276 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1277 # # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1278 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1279 1280 # From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1281 # On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1282 # interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1283 # discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1284 # Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1285 # in Melbourne, Australia. 1286 # 1287 # Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1288 # illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1289 # of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1290 # fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1291 # you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1292 # expected time. 1293 # 1294 # However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1295 # to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1296 # the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1297 # someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1298 # 1299 # [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1300 # [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1301 1302 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1303 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1304 1305 # New South Wales 1306 1307 # From Arthur David Olson: 1308 # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1309 # Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1310 # who notes: 1311 # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1312 # individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time" 1313 # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1314 # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1315 # legislation. This is very important to understand. 1316 # I have researched New South Wales time only... 1317 1318 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1319 # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1320 # October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore, 1321 # Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26). 1322 # http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html 1323 1324 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1325 # See the following official NSW source: 1326 # Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1327 # http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ 1328 # 1329 # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1330 # daylight saving next year. See: 1331 # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1332 # http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm 1333 # (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1334 # 1335 # Victoria will following NSW. See: 1336 # Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28) 1337 # http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm 1338 # 1339 # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1340 # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19) 1341 # http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm 1342 # 1343 # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1344 # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1345 # http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm 1346 # (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1347 # "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1348 # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1349 # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1350 # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1351 # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules." 1352 # 1353 # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1354 # Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21) 1355 # http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm 1356 1357 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1358 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1359 # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1360 1361 # From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1362 # The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1363 # towns to use Queensland time. 1364 1365 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1366 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1367 1368 # Yancowinna 1369 1370 # From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1371 # 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1372 1373 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1374 # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1375 # # [ Dec 1990 ] 1376 # ... 1377 # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1378 # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1379 # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1380 # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1381 # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1382 # # presently available. 1383 # Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1384 # ... 1385 # Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1386 # Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1387 # [followed by other Rules] 1388 1389 # Lord Howe Island 1390 1391 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1392 # LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1393 # [ Dec 1990 ] 1394 # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1395 # hour ahead of NSW time. 1396 1397 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1398 # Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1399 # date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1400 # Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1401 # seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1402 # arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1403 # instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 1404 # the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1405 # arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1406 # however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1407 1408 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1409 # Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1410 # clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1411 # introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1412 # shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1413 # of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1414 1415 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1416 # For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1417 # Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1418 1419 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1420 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1421 1422 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1423 # According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1424 # saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1425 # summer (southern hemisphere). 1426 # 1427 # From 1428 # http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1429 # The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1430 # for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1431 # Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1432 # year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1433 # Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1434 # with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1435 # the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1436 # 1437 # We have a wrap-up here: 1438 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1439 ############################################################################### 1440 1441 # New Zealand 1442 1443 # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1444 # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1445 # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1446 # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1447 # source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1448 1449 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1450 # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1451 # # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1452 # # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1453 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1454 # ... 1455 # Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1456 # Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1457 # Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1458 # Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1459 # ... 1460 # Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1461 # Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1462 1463 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1464 # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1465 # rather than the October 1 value. 1466 1467 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1468 # Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1469 # Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1470 # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1471 # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1472 # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1473 # 1474 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1475 # The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1476 # as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1477 # Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1478 # 1479 # For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1480 # transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1481 # is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1482 1483 # From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1484 # DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1485 # first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1486 # that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1487 # http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1488 1489 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14): 1490 # Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by 1491 # New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26). 1492 # http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf 1493 # According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand 1494 # parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard 1495 # time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New 1496 # Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow." 1497 # For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time 1498 # in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match 1499 # LMT back when New Zealand was at UT +11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did 1500 # not observe New Zealand's prewar DST. 1501 1502 ############################################################################### 1503 1504 1505 # Fiji 1506 1507 # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1508 # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1509 # instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1510 1511 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1512 # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1513 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1514 # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1515 1516 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1517 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1518 1519 # From the BBC World Service in 1520 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): 1521 # The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1522 # improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also 1523 # intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning 1524 # of the new millennium. 1525 1526 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1527 # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1528 1529 1530 # Kiribati 1531 1532 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1533 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1534 # "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995" 1535 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1536 1537 1538 # Kwajalein 1539 1540 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1541 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1542 # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1543 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1544 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1545 1546 1547 # N Mariana Is, Guam 1548 1549 # Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1550 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones 1551 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1552 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1553 # see Asia/Manila. 1554 1555 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time, 1556 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1557 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1558 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1559 1560 1561 # Micronesia 1562 1563 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1564 # "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' 1565 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." 1566 # 1567 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11 1568 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1569 1570 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1571 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1572 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26) 1573 # http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html 1574 # that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11. 1575 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now. 1576 1577 1578 # Midway 1579 1580 # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1581 # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1582 # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1583 # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1584 # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1585 # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1586 # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1587 # air at 6am your time. 1588 # 1589 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1590 # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1591 # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1592 # in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1593 1594 # Norfolk 1595 1596 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23): 1597 # Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100: 1598 # https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text 1599 # ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015. 1600 # http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf 1601 1602 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23): 1603 # Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted 1604 # the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's 1605 # Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST 1606 # other than in 1974/5. See: 1607 # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html 1608 1609 # Pitcairn 1610 1611 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1612 # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1613 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1614 # 1615 # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1616 # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1617 # as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1618 # 1619 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1620 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1621 # somehow in light of this proclamation. 1622 1623 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1624 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1625 # ... at midnight. 1626 1627 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1628 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1629 # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1630 # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1631 1632 1633 # (Western) Samoa and American Samoa 1634 1635 # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1636 # that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1637 # "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1638 # ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that 1639 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year." 1640 1641 # Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UT -11:30 1642 # in 1911, and to -11 in 1950. many earlier sources give -11 1643 # for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards 1644 # circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932. 1645 # Assume American Samoa switched to -11 in 1911, not 1950, 1646 # and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a 1647 # day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New 1648 # Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations. 1649 1650 # Tonga 1651 1652 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1653 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting 1654 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time." 1655 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1656 1657 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1658 # How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins': 1659 # http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm 1660 # 1661 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1662 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1663 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1664 # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1665 # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1666 # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1667 # 1668 # Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1669 # Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1670 # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1671 # 1672 # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1673 # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1674 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1675 # minutes we have lost?" 1676 # 1677 # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1678 # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1679 # to say your prayers in the morning." 1680 1681 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1682 # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1683 1684 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1685 # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium 1686 # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1687 # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1688 # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1689 # Government. 1690 1691 # From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1692 # * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1693 # 1694 # I was given this link by John Letts: 1695 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1696 # 1697 # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1698 # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1699 # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1700 # (12 + 1 hour DST). 1701 1702 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1703 # According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>: 1704 # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1705 # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1706 # third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1707 # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1708 # set back an hour on the closing date." 1709 # Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1710 1711 # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1712 # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1713 # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1714 1715 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1716 # Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1717 # that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1718 # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1719 # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1720 # text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1721 # (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>) 1722 1723 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1724 # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1725 1726 # From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1727 # At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1728 # shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1729 # of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1730 # hour to 1:00am. 1731 1732 # From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1733 # The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1734 1735 1736 # Wake 1737 1738 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1739 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1740 # 1741 # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the 1742 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1743 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1744 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1745 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1746 # impossible. 1747 # 1748 # http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1749 1750 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1751 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1752 1753 ############################################################################### 1754 1755 # The International Date Line 1756 1757 # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1758 # 1759 # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1760 # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1761 # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1762 # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1763 # 1764 # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1765 # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1766 # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1767 # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1768 # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1769 # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1770 # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1771 # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1772 # places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1773 # an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1774 # correct date is ambiguous. 1775 1776 # From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1777 # Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1778 # their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1779 # speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1780 # meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1781 # Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1782 # ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1783 # on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1784 # nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1785 # to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1786 # entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were 1787 # adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1788 # independent merchant ships until World War II. 1789 1790 # From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1791 # (2005-03-20): 1792 # 1793 # The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1794 # http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187 1795 # talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1796 # international waters; it ignores the international date line.