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*** 46,70 ****
# His pamphlet "A System of National Time for Railroads" (1870)
# was the result of his proposals at the Convention of Railroad Trunk Lines
# in New York City (1869-10). His 1870 proposal was based on Washington, DC,
# but in 1872-05 he moved the proposed origin to Greenwich.
! # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-21):
# Dowd's proposal left many details unresolved, such as where to draw
# lines between time zones. The key individual who made time zones
# work in the US was William Frederick Allen - railway engineer,
# managing editor of the Travelers' Guide, and secretary of the
# General Time Convention, a railway standardization group. Allen
# spent months in dialogs with scientific and railway leaders,
# developed a workable plan to institute time zones, and presented it
# to the General Time Convention on 1883-04-11, saying that his plan
# meant "local time would be practically abolished" - a plus for
# railway scheduling. By the next convention on 1883-10-11 nearly all
! # railroads had agreed and it took effect on 1883-11-18 at 12:00.
! # That Sunday was called the "day of two noons", as the eastern parts
! # of the new zones observed noon twice. Allen witnessed the
! # transition in New York City, writing:
#
# I heard the bells of St. Paul's strike on the old time. Four
# minutes later, obedient to the electrical signal from the Naval
# Observatory ... the time-ball made its rapid descent, the chimes
# of old Trinity rang twelve measured strokes, and local time was
--- 46,69 ----
# His pamphlet "A System of National Time for Railroads" (1870)
# was the result of his proposals at the Convention of Railroad Trunk Lines
# in New York City (1869-10). His 1870 proposal was based on Washington, DC,
# but in 1872-05 he moved the proposed origin to Greenwich.
! # From Paul Eggert (2018-03-20):
# Dowd's proposal left many details unresolved, such as where to draw
# lines between time zones. The key individual who made time zones
# work in the US was William Frederick Allen - railway engineer,
# managing editor of the Travelers' Guide, and secretary of the
# General Time Convention, a railway standardization group. Allen
# spent months in dialogs with scientific and railway leaders,
# developed a workable plan to institute time zones, and presented it
# to the General Time Convention on 1883-04-11, saying that his plan
# meant "local time would be practically abolished" - a plus for
# railway scheduling. By the next convention on 1883-10-11 nearly all
! # railroads had agreed and it took effect on 1883-11-18. That Sunday
! # was called the "day of two noons", as some locations observed noon
! # twice. Allen witnessed the transition in New York City, writing:
#
# I heard the bells of St. Paul's strike on the old time. Four
# minutes later, obedient to the electrical signal from the Naval
# Observatory ... the time-ball made its rapid descent, the chimes
# of old Trinity rang twelve measured strokes, and local time was
*** 445,456 ****
# From Andy Lipscomb (2011-01-24):
# ...according to the Census Bureau, the largest city is Beulah (although
# it's commonly referred to as Beulah-Hazen, with Hazen being the next
# largest city in Mercer County). Google Maps places Beulah's city hall
! # at 47 degrees 15' 51" N, 101 degrees 46' 40" W, which yields an offset
! # of 6h47'07".
Zone America/North_Dakota/Beulah -6:47:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:53
-7:00 US M%sT 2010 Nov 7 2:00
-6:00 US C%sT
--- 444,454 ----
# From Andy Lipscomb (2011-01-24):
# ...according to the Census Bureau, the largest city is Beulah (although
# it's commonly referred to as Beulah-Hazen, with Hazen being the next
# largest city in Mercer County). Google Maps places Beulah's city hall
! # at 47° 15' 51" N, 101° 46' 40" W, which yields an offset of 6h47'07".
Zone America/North_Dakota/Beulah -6:47:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:53
-7:00 US M%sT 2010 Nov 7 2:00
-6:00 US C%sT
*** 479,489 ****
# US Pacific time, represented by Los Angeles
#
# California, northern Idaho (Benewah, Bonner, Boundary, Clearwater,
# Kootenai, Latah, Lewis, Nez Perce, and Shoshone counties, Idaho county
# north of the Salmon River, and the towns of Burgdorf and Warren),
! # Nevada (except West Wendover), Oregon (except the northern 3/4 of
# Malheur county), and Washington
# From Paul Eggert (2016-08-20):
# In early February 1948, in response to California's electricity shortage,
# PG&E changed power frequency from 60 to 59.5 Hz during daylight hours,
--- 477,487 ----
# US Pacific time, represented by Los Angeles
#
# California, northern Idaho (Benewah, Bonner, Boundary, Clearwater,
# Kootenai, Latah, Lewis, Nez Perce, and Shoshone counties, Idaho county
# north of the Salmon River, and the towns of Burgdorf and Warren),
! # Nevada (except West Wendover), Oregon (except the northern ¾ of
# Malheur county), and Washington
# From Paul Eggert (2016-08-20):
# In early February 1948, in response to California's electricity shortage,
# PG&E changed power frequency from 60 to 59.5 Hz during daylight hours,
*** 977,986 ****
--- 975,991 ----
-5:00 - EST 1969
-5:00 US E%sT 1973
-5:00 - EST 2006
-5:00 US E%sT
+ # From Paul Eggert (2018-03-20):
+ # The Louisville & Nashville Railroad's 1883-11-18 change occurred at
+ # 10:00 old local time; train were supposed to come to a standstill
+ # for precisely 18 minutes. See Bartky Fig. 1 (page 50). It is not
+ # clear how this matched civil time in Louisville, so for now continue
+ # to assume Louisville switched at noon new local time, like New York.
+ #
# Part of Kentucky left its clocks alone in 1974.
# This also includes Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties in Indiana.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
Rule Louisville 1921 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Louisville 1921 only - Sep 1 2:00 0 S
*** 3285,3296 ****
# Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia. See:
# Neita L. The politician in all of us. Jamaica Observer 2014-09-20
# http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/columns/The-politician-in-all-of-us_17573647
#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
! Zone America/Jamaica -5:07:11 - LMT 1890 # Kingston
! -5:07:11 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
-5:00 - EST 1974
-5:00 US E%sT 1984
-5:00 - EST
# Martinique
--- 3290,3301 ----
# Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia. See:
# Neita L. The politician in all of us. Jamaica Observer 2014-09-20
# http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/columns/The-politician-in-all-of-us_17573647
#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
! Zone America/Jamaica -5:07:10 - LMT 1890 # Kingston
! -5:07:10 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
-5:00 - EST 1974
-5:00 US E%sT 1984
-5:00 - EST
# Martinique
*** 3436,3446 ****
# by March 2018 for TCI. Magnetic Media. 2017-08-25.
# http://magneticmediatv.com/2017/08/time-change-back-by-march-2018-for-tci/
#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 - LMT 1890
! -5:07:11 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
-5:00 - EST 1979
-5:00 US E%sT 2015 Nov Sun>=1 2:00
-4:00 - AST 2018 Mar 11 3:00
-5:00 US E%sT
--- 3441,3451 ----
# by March 2018 for TCI. Magnetic Media. 2017-08-25.
# http://magneticmediatv.com/2017/08/time-change-back-by-march-2018-for-tci/
#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 - LMT 1890
! -5:07:10 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
-5:00 - EST 1979
-5:00 US E%sT 2015 Nov Sun>=1 2:00
-4:00 - AST 2018 Mar 11 3:00
-5:00 US E%sT
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