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  12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
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  21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  22 # questions.
  23 #
  24 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
  25 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
  26 
  27 # From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15):
  28 # To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see
  29 # COMNAP - Stations and Bases
  30 # http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/
  31 # and
  32 # Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23)
  33 # http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm
  34 # for information.
  35 # Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information.
  36 
  37 # FORMAT is '-00' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
  38 
  39 # Argentina - year-round bases
  40 # Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05
  41 # Carlini, Potter Cove, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01
  42 # Esperanza, Hope Bay, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17
  43 # Marambio, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29
  44 # Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22
  45 # San Martín, Barry I, -6808-06706, since 1951-03-21
  46 #       (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21)
  47 
  48 # Australia - territories
  49 # Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited)
  50 #       previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered
  51 #       Margaret Turner reports
  52 #       https://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html
  53 #       (1999-09-30) that they're UT +05, with no DST;
  54 #       presumably this is when they have visitors.
  55 #
  56 # year-round bases
  57 # Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969
  58 # Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13
  59 #       (except 1964-11 - 1969-02)
  60 # Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13
  61 
  62 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-11):
  63 # Three Australian stations in Antarctica have changed their time zone:
  64 # Casey moved from UTC+8 to UTC+11
  65 # Davis moved from UTC+7 to UTC+5
  66 # Mawson moved from UTC+6 to UTC+5
  67 # The changes occurred on 2009-10-18 at 02:00 (local times).
  68 #
  69 # Government source: (Australian Antarctic Division)
  70 # http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079
  71 #
  72 # We have more background information here:
  73 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html
  74 
  75 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
  76 # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: ...
  77 #
  78 # - Casey station reverted to its normal time of UTC+8 on 5 March 2010.
  79 # The change to UTC+11 is being considered as a regular summer thing but
  80 # has not been decided yet.
  81 #
  82 # - Davis station will revert to its normal time of UTC+7 at 10 March 2010
  83 # 20:00 UTC.
  84 #
  85 # - Mawson station stays on UTC+5.
  86 #
  87 # Background:
  88 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html
  89 
  90 # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-10-28):
  91 # Australian Antarctica Division informed us that Casey changed time
  92 # zone to UTC+11 in "the morning of 22nd October 2016".
  93 
  94 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
  95 Zone Antarctica/Casey   0       -       -00     1969
  96                         8:00    -       +08     2009 Oct 18  2:00
  97                         11:00   -       +11     2010 Mar  5  2:00
  98                         8:00    -       +08     2011 Oct 28  2:00
  99                         11:00   -       +11     2012 Feb 21 17:00u
 100                         8:00    -       +08     2016 Oct 22
 101                         11:00   -       +11
 102 Zone Antarctica/Davis   0       -       -00     1957 Jan 13
 103                         7:00    -       +07     1964 Nov
 104                         0       -       -00     1969 Feb
 105                         7:00    -       +07     2009 Oct 18  2:00
 106                         5:00    -       +05     2010 Mar 10 20:00u
 107                         7:00    -       +07     2011 Oct 28  2:00
 108                         5:00    -       +05     2012 Feb 21 20:00u
 109                         7:00    -       +07
 110 Zone Antarctica/Mawson  0       -       -00     1954 Feb 13
 111                         6:00    -       +06     2009 Oct 18  2:00
 112                         5:00    -       +05
 113 # References:
 114 # Casey Weather (1998-02-26)
 115 # http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html
 116 # Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26)
 117 # http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html
 118 # Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25)
 119 # http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html
 120 
 121 # Belgium - year-round base
 122 # Princess Elisabeth, Queen Maud Land, -713412+0231200, since 2007
 123 
 124 # Brazil - year-round base
 125 # Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4
 126 
 127 # Bulgaria - year-round base
 128 # St. Kliment Ohridski, Livingston Island, -623829-0602153, since 1988
 129 
 130 # Chile - year-round bases and towns
 131 # Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994
 132 # Frei Montalva, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07
 133 # O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02
 134 # Prat, -6230-05941
 135 # Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09
 136 # These locations employ Region of Magallanes time; use
 137 # TZ='America/Punta_Arenas'.
 138 
 139 # China - year-round bases
 140 # Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20
 141 # Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26
 142 
 143 # France - year-round bases (also see "France & Italy")
 144 #
 145 # From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20):
 146 # Time data entries are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP
 147 # (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology).
 148 # She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adélie bases
 149 # don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adélie supplies came
 150 # from Tasmania.
 151 #
 152 # French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants
 153 #
 154 # Alfred Faure, Possession Island, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964;
 155 #       sealing & whaling stations operated variously 1802/1911+;
 156 #       see Indian/Reunion.
 157 #
 158 # Martin-de-Viviès, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950
 159 # Port-aux-Français, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951;
 160 #       whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956
 161 #
 162 # St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited
 163 #       fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931
 164 #
 165 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 166 Zone Indian/Kerguelen   0       -       -00     1950 # Port-aux-Français
 167                         5:00    -       +05
 168 #
 169 # year-round base in the main continent
 170 # Dumont d'Urville, Île des Pétrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
 171 # <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station> (2005-12-05)
 172 #
 173 # Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947.
 174 # It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.
 175 #
 176 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 177 Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 -      -00     1947
 178                         10:00   -       +10     1952 Jan 14
 179                         0       -       -00     1956 Nov
 180                         10:00   -       +10
 181 
 182 # France & Italy - year-round base
 183 # Concordia, -750600+1232000, since 2005
 184 
 185 # Germany - year-round base
 186 # Neumayer III, -704080-0081602, since 2009
 187 
 188 # India - year-round bases
 189 # Bharati, -692428+0761114, since 2012
 190 # Maitri, -704558+0114356, since 1989
 191 
 192 # Italy - year-round base (also see "France & Italy")
 193 # Zuchelli, Terra Nova Bay, -744140+1640647, since 1986
 194 
 195 # Japan - year-round bases
 196 # Syowa (also known as Showa), -690022+0393524, since 1957
 197 #
 198 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06):
 199 # In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time.
 200 #
 201 # Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan,
 202 # was established on 1957-01-29.  Since Syowa station is still the main
 203 # station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location.
 204 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 205 Zone Antarctica/Syowa   0       -       -00     1957 Jan 29
 206                         3:00    -       +03
 207 # See:
 208 # NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17)
 209 # http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html
 210 
 211 # S Korea - year-round base
 212 # Jang Bogo, Terra Nova Bay, -743700+1641205 since 2014
 213 # King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988
 214 
 215 # New Zealand - claims
 216 # Balleny Islands (never inhabited)
 217 # Scott Island (never inhabited)
 218 #
 219 # year-round base
 220 # Scott Base, Ross Island, since 1957-01.
 221 # See Pacific/Auckland.
 222 
 223 # Norway - territories
 224 # Bouvet (never inhabited)
 225 #
 226 # claims
 227 # Peter I Island (never inhabited)
 228 #
 229 # year-round base
 230 # Troll, Queen Maud Land, -720041+0023206, since 2005-02-12
 231 #
 232 # From Paul-Inge Flakstad (2014-03-10):
 233 # I recently had a long dialog about this with the developer of timegenie.com.
 234 # In the absence of specific dates, he decided to choose some likely ones:
 235 #   GMT +1 - From March 1 to the last Sunday in March
 236 #   GMT +2 - From the last Sunday in March until the last Sunday in October
 237 #   GMT +1 - From the last Sunday in October until November 7
 238 #   GMT +0 - From November 7 until March 1
 239 # The dates for switching to and from UTC+0 will probably not be absolutely
 240 # correct, but they should be quite close to the actual dates.
 241 #
 242 # From Paul Eggert (2014-03-21):
 243 # The CET-switching Troll rules require zic from tz 2014b or later, so as
 244 # suggested by Bengt-Inge Larsson comment them out for now, and approximate
 245 # with only UTC and CEST.  Uncomment them when 2014b is more prevalent.
 246 #
 247 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 248 #Rule   Troll   2005    max     -       Mar      1      1:00u   1:00    +01
 249 Rule    Troll   2005    max     -       Mar     lastSun 1:00u   2:00    +02
 250 #Rule   Troll   2005    max     -       Oct     lastSun 1:00u   1:00    +01
 251 #Rule   Troll   2004    max     -       Nov      7      1:00u   0:00    +00
 252 # Remove the following line when uncommenting the above '#Rule' lines.
 253 Rule    Troll   2004    max     -       Oct     lastSun 1:00u   0:00    +00
 254 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 255 Zone Antarctica/Troll   0       -       -00     2005 Feb 12
 256                         0:00    Troll   %s
 257 
 258 # Poland - year-round base
 259 # Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977
 260 
 261 # Romania - year-bound base
 262 # Law-Racoviță, Larsemann Hills, -692319+0762251, since 1986
 263 
 264 # Russia - year-round bases
 265 # Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22
 266 # Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02
 267 # Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551,
 268 #       year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01
 269 # Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150,
 270 #       year-round from 1960/61 to 1992
 271 
 272 # Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11
 273 # From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15):
 274 # http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP
 275 # Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same
 276 # time as Moscow, Russia.
 277 #
 278 # From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08):
 279 # I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is
 280 # what they had to say about time there:
 281 # "in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)
 282 # time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was
 283 # 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead
 284 # of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The
 285 # natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT."
 286 #
 287 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
 288 # This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it
 289 # in person.  He said that some Antarctic locations set their local
 290 # time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this
 291 # changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean
 292 # solar noon.  So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks
 293 # happened to be during their visit.  So we still don't really know what time
 294 # it is at Vostok.  But we'll guess +06.
 295 #
 296 Zone Antarctica/Vostok  0       -       -00     1957 Dec 16
 297                         6:00    -       +06
 298 
 299 # S Africa - year-round bases
 300 # Marion Island, -4653+03752
 301 # SANAE IV, Vesleskarvet, Queen Maud Land, -714022-0025026, since 1997
 302 
 303 # Ukraine - year-round base
 304 # Vernadsky (formerly Faraday), Galindez Island, -651445-0641526, since 1954
 305 
 306 # United Kingdom
 307 #
 308 # British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims
 309 # South Orkney Islands
 310 #       scientific station from 1903
 311 #       whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926
 312 # South Shetland Islands
 313 #
 314 # year-round bases
 315 # Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983
 316 # Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931,
 317 #       scientific station 1943/1967,
 318 #       previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident,
 319 #       and a garrison was deployed briefly
 320 # Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06
 321 #       Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated
 322 #       so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location.
 323 # Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01
 324 #
 325 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22)
 326 # <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year.
 327 #
 328 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 329 Zone Antarctica/Rothera 0       -       -00     1976 Dec  1
 330                         -3:00   -       -03
 331 
 332 # Uruguay - year round base
 333 # Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107
 334 
 335 # USA - year-round bases
 336 #
 337 # Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968)
 338 # See 'southamerica' for Antarctica/Palmer, since it uses South American DST.
 339 #
 340 # McMurdo Station, Ross Island, since 1955-12
 341 # Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20
 342 #
 343 # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27):
 344 # Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station,
 345 # stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station,
 346 # but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12
 347 # as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound,
 348 # which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year
 349 # at that time (1957).  (Source: Siple's book 90 Degrees South.)
 350 #
 351 # From Susan Smith
 352 # http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html
 353 # (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available):
 354 # We use the same time as McMurdo does.
 355 # And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does....
 356 # One last quirk about South Pole time.
 357 # All the electric clocks are usually wrong.
 358 # Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something
 359 # makes all of the clocks run fast.  So every couple of days,
 360 # we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so.
 361 # Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!!
 362 #
 363 # See 'australasia' for Antarctica/McMurdo.