1 # 2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 3 # 4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this 7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 9 # 10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 14 # accompanied this code). 15 # 16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 19 # 20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 22 # questions. 23 # 24 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 25 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 26 27 # This file also includes Pacific islands. 28 29 # Notes are at the end of this file 30 31 ############################################################################### 32 33 # Australia 34 35 # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 36 37 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 38 Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D 39 Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S 40 Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D 41 Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S 42 Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D 43 Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 44 Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D 45 # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 46 # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 47 # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 48 49 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 50 # Northern Territory 51 Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 52 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 53 9:30 Aus AC%sT 54 # Western Australia 55 # 56 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 57 Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 58 Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 59 Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 60 Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 61 Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D 62 Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 63 Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D 64 Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 65 Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 66 Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 67 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul 68 8:00 AW AW%sT 69 Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 70 8:45 Aus +0845/+0945 1943 Jul 71 8:45 AW +0845/+0945 72 73 # Queensland 74 # 75 # From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 76 # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 77 # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 78 # Queensland ceased to. 79 # 80 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 81 # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 82 # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 83 # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 84 # so use Lindeman. 85 # 86 # From J William Piggott (2016-02-20): 87 # There is no location named Holiday Islands in Queensland Australia; holiday 88 # islands is a colloquial term used globally. Hayman and Lindeman are at the 89 # north and south extremes of the Whitsunday Islands archipelago, and 90 # Hamilton is in between; it is reasonable to believe that this time zone 91 # applies to all of the Whitsundays. 92 # http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-islands 93 # 94 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 95 Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 96 Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 97 Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 98 Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 99 Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 100 Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 101 Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 102 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 103 10:00 AQ AE%sT 104 Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 105 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 106 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul 107 10:00 Holiday AE%sT 108 109 # South Australia 110 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 111 Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 112 Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 113 Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 114 Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 115 Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 116 Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 117 Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S 118 Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S 119 Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S 120 Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S 121 Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 122 Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S 123 Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 124 Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 125 Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 126 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 127 Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 128 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 129 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 130 9:30 AS AC%sT 131 132 # Tasmania 133 # 134 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 135 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 136 # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 137 # 138 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 139 Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 140 Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 141 Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 142 Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S 143 Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 144 Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 145 Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 146 Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 147 Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 148 Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 149 Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D 150 Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 151 Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 152 Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 153 Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 154 Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 155 Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 156 Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 157 Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 158 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 159 Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 160 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 161 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 162 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 163 10:00 AT AE%sT 164 Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 165 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 166 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 167 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul 168 10:00 AT AE%sT 169 170 # Victoria 171 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 172 Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 173 Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 174 Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 175 Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 176 Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 177 Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 178 Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 179 Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 180 Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 181 Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 182 Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 183 Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 184 Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 185 Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 186 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 187 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 188 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 189 10:00 AV AE%sT 190 191 # New South Wales 192 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 193 Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 194 Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 195 Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 196 Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 197 Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 198 Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 199 Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 200 Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 201 Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 202 Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 203 Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 204 Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 205 Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 206 Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 207 Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 208 Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 209 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 210 Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 211 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 212 10:00 AN AE%sT 213 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 214 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23 215 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 216 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 217 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000 218 9:30 AS AC%sT 219 220 # Lord Howe Island 221 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 222 Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 223 Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 224 Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 225 Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 226 Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 227 Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 228 Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 229 Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 230 Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 231 Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 232 Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 233 Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 234 Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 235 Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 236 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 237 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar 238 10:30 LH +1030/+1130 1985 Jul 239 10:30 LH +1030/+11 240 241 # Australian miscellany 242 # 243 # Ashmore Is, Cartier 244 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 245 # no times are set 246 # 247 # Coral Sea Is 248 # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 249 # no times are set 250 # 251 # Macquarie 252 # Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; 253 # sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the 254 # Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island 255 # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828 256 # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831 257 # Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. 258 # 259 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 260 # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 261 # - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 262 # switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 263 # on 4 April. 264 # 265 # From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): 266 # The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics 267 # will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type; 268 # this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by 269 # pre-2013 versions of localtime. 270 Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - -00 1899 Nov 271 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 272 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 273 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s 274 0 - -00 1948 Mar 25 275 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 276 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00 277 11:00 - +11 278 279 # Christmas 280 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 281 Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 282 7:00 - +07 283 284 # Cocos (Keeling) Is 285 # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 286 # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 287 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 288 Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 289 6:30 - +0630 290 291 292 # Fiji 293 294 # Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. 295 296 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 297 # According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 298 # from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 299 # 300 # "Daylight savings to commence this month" 301 # http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 302 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 303 304 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 305 # The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 306 # amendments: 307 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 308 309 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 310 # The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 311 # 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 312 # The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 313 # 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 314 # 315 # Official source: 316 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 317 # 318 # A bit more background info here: 319 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 320 321 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 322 # According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 323 # weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 324 # Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 325 # Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 326 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 327 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 328 329 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 330 # Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 331 # assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 332 # 333 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 334 # which says 335 # Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 336 # advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 337 # 2am on February 26 next year. 338 339 # From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 340 # Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 341 # Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 342 # 343 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 344 # states: 345 # 346 # The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 347 # has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 348 # The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 349 # on the 23rd of October, 2011. 350 351 # From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 352 # The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 353 # today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 354 # October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 355 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 356 357 # From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: 358 # Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... 359 # move clocks forward by one hour from 2am 360 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx 361 362 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): 363 # Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: 364 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx 365 366 # From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20): 367 # DST will start Nov. 2 this year. 368 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx 369 370 # From a government order dated 2015-08-26 and published as Legal Notice No. 77 371 # in the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 24 (2015-08-28), 372 # via Ken Rylander (2015-09-02): 373 # the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time 374 # commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at 375 # 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016. 376 377 # From Raymond Kumar (2016-10-04): 378 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-6th-NOVEMBER,-2016.aspx 379 # "Fiji's daylight savings will begin on Sunday, 6 November 2016, when 380 # clocks go forward an hour at 2am to 3am.... Daylight Saving will 381 # end at 3.00am on Sunday 15th January 2017." 382 383 # From Paul Eggert (2017-08-21): 384 # Dominic Fok writes (2017-08-20) that DST ends 2018-01-14, citing 385 # Extraordinary Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 21 (2017-08-27), 386 # [Legal Notice No. 41] of an order of the previous day by J Usamate. 387 # For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to 03:00 388 # the first Sunday on or after January 14. Although ad hoc, it matches 389 # transitions since late 2014 and seems more likely to match future 390 # practice than guessing no DST. 391 392 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 393 Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 394 Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 395 Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 - 396 Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 397 Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 - 398 Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 399 Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 400 Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - 401 Rule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 402 Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=14 3:00 0 - 403 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 404 Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 405 12:00 Fiji +12/+13 406 407 # French Polynesia 408 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 409 Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 410 -9:00 - -09 411 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 412 -9:30 - -0930 413 Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 414 -10:00 - -10 415 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 416 # it is uninhabited. 417 418 # Guam 419 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 420 Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 421 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 422 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 423 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 424 Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is 425 426 # Kiribati 427 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 428 Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 429 12:00 - +12 430 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 431 -12:00 - -12 1979 Oct 432 -11:00 - -11 1994 Dec 31 433 13:00 - +13 434 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 435 -10:40 - -1040 1979 Oct 436 -10:00 - -10 1994 Dec 31 437 14:00 - +14 438 439 # N Mariana Is 440 # See Pacific/Guam. 441 442 # Marshall Is 443 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 444 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 445 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 446 12:00 - +12 447 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 448 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 449 -12:00 - -12 1993 Aug 20 450 12:00 - +12 451 452 # Micronesia 453 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 454 Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 455 10:00 - +10 456 Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 457 11:00 - +11 458 Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 459 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 460 12:00 - +12 1999 461 11:00 - +11 462 463 # Nauru 464 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 465 Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 466 11:30 - +1130 1942 Mar 15 467 9:00 - +09 1944 Aug 15 468 11:30 - +1130 1979 May 469 12:00 - +12 470 471 # New Caledonia 472 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 473 Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 - 474 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 475 Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 - 476 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 477 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 478 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 479 Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa 480 11:00 NC +11/+12 481 482 483 ############################################################################### 484 485 # New Zealand 486 487 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 488 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 489 Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 490 Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 491 Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 492 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 493 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 494 Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 495 # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but until 2018a 496 # there was no documented single notation for the date and time of this 497 # transition. Duplicate the Rule lines for now, to give the 2018a change 498 # time to percolate out. 499 Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 500 Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 - 501 Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 502 Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 - 503 Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 504 Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 - 505 Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 506 Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 - 507 Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 508 Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 - 509 Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 510 Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 - 511 Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 512 Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 - 513 Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 514 Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 - 515 Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 516 Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 - 517 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 518 Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 519 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 520 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 521 Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 522 12:15 - +1215 1946 Jan 1 523 12:45 Chatham +1245/+1345 524 525 Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo 526 527 # Auckland Is 528 # uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 529 # and scientific personnel have wintered 530 531 # Campbell I 532 # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 533 # scientific station operated 1941/1995; 534 # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 535 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland 536 537 # Cook Is 538 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 539 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 540 Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 - 541 Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 542 Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 - 543 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 544 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 545 -10:30 - -1030 1978 Nov 12 546 -10:00 Cook -10/-0930 547 548 ############################################################################### 549 550 551 # Niue 552 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 553 Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 554 -11:20 - -1120 1951 555 -11:30 - -1130 1978 Oct 1 556 -11:00 - -11 557 558 # Norfolk 559 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 560 Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 561 11:12 - +1112 1951 562 11:30 - +1130 1974 Oct 27 02:00 563 11:30 1:00 +1230 1975 Mar 2 02:00 564 11:30 - +1130 2015 Oct 4 02:00 565 11:00 - +11 566 567 # Palau (Belau) 568 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 569 Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 570 9:00 - +09 571 572 # Papua New Guinea 573 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 574 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 575 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 576 10:00 - +10 577 # 578 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): 579 # Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have 580 # the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War. 581 # 582 # Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates 583 # are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns. 584 # The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta. 585 # The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942, 586 # according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia 587 # https://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm 588 # and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender. 589 # 590 # The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11 591 # on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time". 592 # See: 593 # http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/ 594 # 595 Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880 596 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 597 10:00 - +10 1942 Jul 598 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 21 599 10:00 - +10 2014 Dec 28 2:00 600 11:00 - +11 601 602 # Pitcairn 603 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 604 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 605 -8:30 - -0830 1998 Apr 27 0:00 606 -8:00 - -08 607 608 # American Samoa 609 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1892 Jul 5 610 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 611 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 612 Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway # in US minor outlying islands 613 614 # Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa) 615 616 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 617 # We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 618 # the following info: 619 # 620 # "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 621 # commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 622 # Sunday of April 2011." 623 # 624 # Background info: 625 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 626 # 627 # Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 628 # contain any dates: 629 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 630 631 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 632 # Please see 633 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws 634 # the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 635 # September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 636 # to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 637 # backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 638 639 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 640 # [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf] 641 # 642 # ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am 643 # or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to 644 # measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock 645 # (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 646 647 # From David Zülke (2011-05-09): 648 # Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 649 # 650 # http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 651 652 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27): 653 # The International Date Line Act 2011 654 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf 655 # changed Samoa from UT -11 to +13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on 656 # Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted 657 # accordingly. 658 659 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 660 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 661 # 662 # here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 663 # 664 # DST 665 # Year End Time Start Time 666 # 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 667 # 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 668 # 669 # Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 670 # Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 671 # Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 672 # 673 # From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10): 674 # Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 675 # ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.... 676 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 677 # 678 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 679 # That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4. 680 # Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely. 681 682 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 683 Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 - 684 Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 - 685 Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 - 686 Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 - 687 Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 - 688 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 689 Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1892 Jul 5 690 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 691 -11:30 - -1130 1950 692 -11:00 WS -11/-10 2011 Dec 29 24:00 693 13:00 WS +13/+14 694 695 # Solomon Is 696 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 697 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 698 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 699 11:00 - +11 700 701 # Tokelau 702 # 703 # From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 704 # A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 705 # December 31 this year ... 706 # 707 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 708 # ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 709 # about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 710 # Shanks says UT-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 711 # actually was to UT-11 back then. 712 # 713 # From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 714 # A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 715 # Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 716 # <https://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 717 # was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 718 # are off by an hour starting in 1901. 719 720 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 721 Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 722 -11:00 - -11 2011 Dec 30 723 13:00 - +13 724 725 # Tonga 726 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 727 Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 - 728 Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 729 Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 730 Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 731 Rule Tonga 2016 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 732 Rule Tonga 2017 only - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 - 733 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 734 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 735 12:20 - +1220 1941 736 13:00 - +13 1999 737 13:00 Tonga +13/+14 738 739 # Tuvalu 740 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 741 Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 742 12:00 - +12 743 744 745 # US minor outlying islands 746 747 # Howland, Baker 748 # Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 749 # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 750 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 751 # uninhabited thereafter. 752 # Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT -10:30) in 1937; 753 # see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 754 # Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 755 # So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 756 # until they were abandoned after the war. 757 758 # Jarvis 759 # Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 760 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 761 # uninhabited thereafter. 762 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 763 764 # Johnston 765 # 766 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): 767 # Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. 768 # Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so 769 # treat it like Hawaii for now. Since Johnston is now uninhabited, 770 # its link to Pacific/Honolulu is in the 'backward' file. 771 # 772 # In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 773 # <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, 774 # "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM 775 # Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and 776 # confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. 777 # 778 # From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): 779 # [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used 780 # was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, 781 # which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the 782 # time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last 783 # Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, 784 # "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the 785 # Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976. 786 # https://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf 787 # See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a 788 # footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time 789 # Minus One Hour". 790 791 # Kingman 792 # uninhabited 793 794 # Midway 795 # See Pacific/Pago_Pago. 796 797 # Palmyra 798 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 799 800 # Wake 801 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 802 Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 803 12:00 - +12 804 805 806 # Vanuatu 807 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 808 Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 - 809 Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 810 Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 - 811 Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 - 812 Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 813 Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 - 814 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 815 Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 816 11:00 Vanuatu +11/+12 817 818 # Wallis and Futuna 819 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 820 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 821 12:00 - +12 822 823 ############################################################################### 824 825 # NOTES 826 827 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 828 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 829 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 830 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 831 832 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): 833 # 834 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 835 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 836 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 837 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 838 # 839 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 840 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport 841 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 842 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 843 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 844 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 845 # 846 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 847 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 848 # I found in the UCLA library. 849 # 850 # For data circa 1899, a common source is: 851 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 852 # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 853 # 854 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 855 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 856 # 857 # The following abbreviations are from other sources. 858 # Corrections are welcome! 859 # std dst 860 # LMT Local Mean Time 861 # 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia 862 # 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia 863 # 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia 864 # 10:00 GST Guam through 2000 865 # 10:00 ChST Chamorro 866 # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 867 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 868 # -11:00 SST Samoa 869 # -10:00 HST Hawaii 870 # 871 # See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii. 872 # See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is. 873 874 ############################################################################### 875 876 # Australia 877 878 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 879 # Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting 880 # region against region, rural against urban, and local against global. 881 # For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving 882 # Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native 883 # Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was 884 # very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a 885 # Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded 886 # Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables 887 # about fading curtains and crazed farm animals." 888 # Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03) 889 # http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm 890 891 # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 892 # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 893 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 894 # summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 895 896 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 897 # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 898 # http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving 899 # covers New South Wales in particular. 900 901 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 902 # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time. 903 # It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer' 904 # and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 905 # abbreviation does _not_ change... 906 # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 907 # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 908 # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 909 # the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight 910 # time'. 911 # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 912 # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time' 913 # or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 914 # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 915 # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 916 # prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times; 917 # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 918 919 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 920 # 921 # Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this 922 # file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer 923 # Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST". 924 # However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common 925 # practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints 926 # about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage. 927 # For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important; 928 # what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web 929 # directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for 930 # strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an 931 # abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the 932 # following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries: 933 # 934 # 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits] 935 # 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au 936 # 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au 937 # 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au 938 # 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au 939 # 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au 940 # 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits] 941 # 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits] 942 # 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au 943 # 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au 944 # 945 # 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits] 946 # 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au 947 # 948 # I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but 949 # they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages 950 # mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since 951 # there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found: 952 # 953 # 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au 954 # 226 "western standard time" WST site:au 955 # 956 # I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as 957 # listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au" 958 # and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results. 959 # All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers 960 # surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail, 961 # The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser, 962 # The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle). 963 # 964 # I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations 965 # like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/> 966 # found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style 967 # dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't 968 # fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations 969 # like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather 970 # column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column 971 # (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not 972 # strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..." 973 # (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and 974 # WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel 975 # about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two 976 # territories has prompted one group to form its very own political 977 # party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party." 978 # 979 # I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree: 980 # 981 # The Australian Government (2014-03-26) 982 # http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time 983 # (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.) 984 # AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 985 # 986 # Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08) 987 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml 988 # EST CST WST EDT CDT 989 # 990 # Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated) 991 # http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml 992 # EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST) 993 # 994 # Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24) 995 # http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp 996 # AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 997 # 998 # Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10) 999 # https://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf 1000 # EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used 1001 # 1002 # The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports, 1003 # and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like. 1004 # Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits: 1005 # 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT". 1006 # "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to 1007 # appear in reports of events with international implications. 1008 # 1009 # From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in 1010 # Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although 1011 # some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in 1012 # the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it 1013 # seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all 1014 # the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments, 1015 # it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current 1016 # version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and 1017 # "AEDT" for Australian time zones. 1018 1019 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 1020 # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1021 # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 1022 # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 1023 # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 1024 # and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time. 1025 # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 1026 1027 # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 1028 # 1029 # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 1030 # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 1031 # relevant entries in this database. 1032 # 1033 # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 1034 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 1035 # https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html 1036 # ACT 1037 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 1038 # https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html 1039 # SA 1040 # Standard Time Act, 1898 1041 # https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html 1042 1043 # From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 1044 # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 1045 # one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 1046 # Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 1047 # in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 1048 # 1049 # From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 1050 # I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 1051 # to extend DST together in 2006. 1052 # ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 1053 # New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 1054 # South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 1055 # Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 1056 # Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 1057 # allude to it. 1058 # But not Queensland 1059 # http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html 1060 1061 # Northern Territory 1062 1063 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1064 # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 1065 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1066 # # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 1067 # ... 1068 # Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 1069 1070 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1071 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1072 # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 1073 1074 # Western Australia 1075 1076 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1077 # # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 1078 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1079 # # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 1080 # # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 1081 # # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 1082 # # before reaching parliament. 1083 # ... 1084 # Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 1085 # ... 1086 # Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1087 # Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1088 # Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1089 # Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1090 1091 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1092 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1093 # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 1094 1095 # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 1096 # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 1097 # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 1098 # work at 9.00am.) 1099 # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 1100 # everybody again. 1101 1102 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1103 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 1104 # it matches what was used in the past. 1105 1106 # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1107 # http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm 1108 # (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 1109 # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 1110 1111 # Queensland 1112 1113 # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-26): 1114 # I lack access to the following source for Queensland DST: 1115 # Pearce C. History of daylight saving time in Queensland. 1116 # Queensland Hist J. 2017 Aug;23(6):389-403 1117 # https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=994682348436426;res=IELHSS 1118 1119 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1120 # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 1121 # # [ Dec 1990 ] 1122 # ... 1123 # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 1124 # ... 1125 # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1126 # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 1127 # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1128 # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 1129 1130 # From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 1131 # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 1132 # October 1989). 1133 1134 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1135 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1136 # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1137 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1138 1139 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1140 # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 1141 # end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 1142 # me.) 1143 1144 # From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 1145 # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 1146 # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 1147 # ... 1148 # Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1149 # Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1150 # ... 1151 1152 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1153 # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 1154 1155 # From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1156 # from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1157 # WA are trialing DST for three years. 1158 # http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf 1159 1160 # From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1161 # The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1162 # southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1163 # Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1164 # residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1165 # much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1166 # international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1167 # Australia and Western Australia.... 1168 # 1169 # From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1170 # This is confirmed by the section entitled 1171 # "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1172 # http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html 1173 # 1174 # From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1175 # ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1176 # which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1177 # coast of the continent. 1178 # 1179 # I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1180 # dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1181 # village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1182 # as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1183 # the largest population centre in this zone.... 1184 # 1185 # Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1186 # question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1187 # just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1188 # meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1189 # 1190 # (2006-12-09): 1191 # I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1192 # in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1193 # of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1194 # before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1195 1196 # From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1197 # For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1198 # introduction of standard time in 1895. 1199 1200 1201 # southeast Australia 1202 # 1203 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1204 # Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1205 # end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1206 # http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 1207 1208 1209 # South Australia 1210 1211 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1212 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1213 # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1214 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1215 1216 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1217 # # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 1218 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1219 # ... 1220 # Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 1221 # ... 1222 # Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1223 # Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1224 # Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 1225 # Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1226 1227 # From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1228 # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1229 # contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1230 # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1231 1232 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1233 # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1234 # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1235 # numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1236 # is on... 1237 1238 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1239 # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1240 # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1241 # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1242 1243 # From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1244 # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1245 # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1246 # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1247 1248 # From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1249 # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1250 # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1251 # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1252 1253 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1254 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1255 1256 # Tasmania 1257 1258 # The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1259 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1260 # # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1261 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1262 1263 # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1264 # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1265 # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1266 # (but nothing new about that). 1267 1268 # From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1269 # I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1270 # (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1271 # has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1272 # (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1273 # instead of the first Sunday in October. 1274 1275 # Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1276 # http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1277 1278 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1279 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1280 1281 # Victoria 1282 1283 # The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1284 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1285 # # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1286 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1287 1288 # From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1289 # On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1290 # interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1291 # discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1292 # Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1293 # in Melbourne, Australia. 1294 # 1295 # Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1296 # illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1297 # of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1298 # fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1299 # you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1300 # expected time. 1301 # 1302 # However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1303 # to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1304 # the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1305 # someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1306 # 1307 # [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1308 # [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1309 1310 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1311 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1312 1313 # New South Wales 1314 1315 # From Arthur David Olson: 1316 # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1317 # Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1318 # who notes: 1319 # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1320 # individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time" 1321 # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1322 # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1323 # legislation. This is very important to understand. 1324 # I have researched New South Wales time only... 1325 1326 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1327 # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1328 # October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore, 1329 # Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26). 1330 # http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html 1331 1332 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1333 # See the following official NSW source: 1334 # Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1335 # http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ 1336 # 1337 # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1338 # daylight saving next year. See: 1339 # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1340 # http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm 1341 # (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1342 # 1343 # Victoria will follow NSW. See: 1344 # Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28) 1345 # http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm 1346 # 1347 # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1348 # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19) 1349 # http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm 1350 # 1351 # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1352 # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1353 # http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm 1354 # (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1355 # "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1356 # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1357 # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1358 # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1359 # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules." 1360 # 1361 # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1362 # Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21) 1363 # http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm 1364 1365 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1366 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1367 # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1368 1369 # From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1370 # The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1371 # towns to use Queensland time. 1372 1373 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1374 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1375 1376 # Yancowinna 1377 1378 # From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1379 # 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1380 1381 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1382 # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1383 # # [ Dec 1990 ] 1384 # ... 1385 # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1386 # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1387 # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1388 # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1389 # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1390 # # presently available. 1391 # Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1392 # ... 1393 # Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1394 # Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1395 # [followed by other Rules] 1396 1397 # Lord Howe Island 1398 1399 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1400 # LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1401 # [ Dec 1990 ] 1402 # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1403 # hour ahead of NSW time. 1404 1405 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1406 # Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1407 # date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1408 # Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1409 # seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1410 # arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1411 # instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 1412 # the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1413 # arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1414 # however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1415 1416 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1417 # Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1418 # clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1419 # introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1420 # shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1421 # of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1422 1423 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1424 # For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1425 # Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1426 1427 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1428 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1429 1430 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1431 # According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1432 # saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1433 # summer (southern hemisphere). 1434 # 1435 # From 1436 # http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1437 # The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1438 # for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1439 # Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1440 # year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1441 # Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1442 # with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1443 # the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1444 # 1445 # We have a wrap-up here: 1446 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1447 ############################################################################### 1448 1449 # New Zealand 1450 1451 # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1452 # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1453 # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1454 # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1455 # source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1456 1457 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1458 # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1459 # # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1460 # # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1461 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1462 # ... 1463 # Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1464 # Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1465 # Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1466 # Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1467 # ... 1468 # Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1469 # Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1470 1471 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1472 # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1473 # rather than the October 1 value. 1474 1475 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1476 # Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1477 # Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1478 # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1479 # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1480 # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1481 # 1482 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1483 # The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1484 # as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.html for the full references. 1485 # Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1486 # 1487 # For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1488 # transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1489 # is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1490 1491 # From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1492 # DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1493 # first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1494 # that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1495 # http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1496 1497 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14): 1498 # Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by 1499 # New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26). 1500 # https://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf 1501 # According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand 1502 # parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard 1503 # time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New 1504 # Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow." 1505 # For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time 1506 # in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match 1507 # LMT back when New Zealand was at UT +11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did 1508 # not observe New Zealand's prewar DST. 1509 1510 ############################################################################### 1511 1512 1513 # Fiji 1514 1515 # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1516 # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1517 # instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1518 1519 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1520 # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1521 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1522 # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1523 1524 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1525 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1526 1527 # From the BBC World Service in 1528 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): 1529 # The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1530 # improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also 1531 # intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning 1532 # of the new millennium. 1533 1534 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1535 # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1536 1537 1538 # Kiribati 1539 1540 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1541 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1542 # "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995" 1543 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1544 1545 # From Kerry Shetline (2018-02-03): 1546 # December 31 was the day that was skipped, so that the transition 1547 # would be from Friday December 30, 1994 to Sunday January 1, 1995. 1548 # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-04): 1549 # One source for this is page 202 of: Bartky IR. One Time Fits All: 1550 # The Campaigns for Global Uniformity (2007). 1551 1552 # Kwajalein 1553 1554 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1555 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1556 # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1557 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1558 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1559 1560 1561 # N Mariana Is, Guam 1562 1563 # Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1564 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones 1565 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1566 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1567 # see Asia/Manila. 1568 1569 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time, 1570 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1571 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1572 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1573 1574 1575 # Micronesia 1576 1577 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1578 # "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' 1579 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." 1580 # 1581 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11 1582 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1583 1584 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1585 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1586 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26) 1587 # http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html 1588 # that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11. 1589 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now. 1590 1591 1592 # Midway 1593 1594 # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1595 # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1596 # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1597 # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1598 # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1599 # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1600 # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1601 # air at 6am your time. 1602 # 1603 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1604 # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1605 # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1606 # in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1607 1608 # Norfolk 1609 1610 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23): 1611 # Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100: 1612 # https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text 1613 # ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015. 1614 # http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf 1615 1616 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23): 1617 # Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted 1618 # the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's 1619 # Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST 1620 # other than in 1974/5. See: 1621 # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html 1622 1623 # Pitcairn 1624 1625 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1626 # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1627 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1628 # 1629 # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1630 # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1631 # as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1632 # 1633 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1634 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1635 # somehow in light of this proclamation. 1636 1637 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1638 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1639 # ... at midnight. 1640 1641 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1642 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1643 # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be ½ hour different from us here in 1644 # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1645 1646 1647 # (Western) Samoa and American Samoa 1648 1649 # Howse writes (p 153) that after the 1879 standardization on Antipodean 1650 # time by the British governor of Fiji, the King of Samoa decided to change 1651 # "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1652 # ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that 1653 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year." 1654 # This happened in 1892, according to the Evening News (Sydney) of 1892-07-20. 1655 # https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl.htm 1656 1657 # Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UT -11:30 1658 # in 1911, and to -11 in 1950. many earlier sources give -11 1659 # for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards 1660 # circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932. 1661 # Assume American Samoa switched to -11 in 1911, not 1950, 1662 # and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a 1663 # day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New 1664 # Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations. 1665 1666 1667 # Tonga 1668 1669 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1670 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting 1671 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time." 1672 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1673 1674 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1675 # How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins': 1676 # http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm 1677 # 1678 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1679 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1680 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1681 # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1682 # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13° 1683 # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1684 # 1685 # Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1686 # Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1687 # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1688 # 1689 # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1690 # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1691 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1692 # minutes we have lost?" 1693 # 1694 # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1695 # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1696 # to say your prayers in the morning." 1697 1698 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1699 # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1700 1701 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1702 # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium 1703 # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1704 # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1705 # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1706 # Government. 1707 1708 # From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1709 # * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1710 # 1711 # I was given this link by John Letts: 1712 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1713 # 1714 # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1715 # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1716 # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1717 # (12 + 1 hour DST). 1718 1719 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1720 # According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>: 1721 # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1722 # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1723 # third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1724 # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1725 # set back an hour on the closing date." 1726 # Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1727 1728 # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1729 # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1730 # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1731 1732 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1733 # Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1734 # that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1735 # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1736 # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1737 # text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1738 # (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>) 1739 1740 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1741 # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1742 1743 # From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1744 # At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1745 # shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1746 # of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1747 # hour to 1:00am. 1748 1749 # From Pulu ʻAnau (2002-11-05): 1750 # The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1751 1752 # From Pulu ʻAnau (2016-10-27): 1753 # http://mic.gov.to/news-today/press-releases/6375-daylight-saving-set-to-run-from-6-november-2016-to-15-january-2017 1754 # Cannot find anyone who knows the rules, has seen the duration or has seen 1755 # the cabinet decision, but it appears we are following Fiji's rule set. 1756 # 1757 # From Tim Parenti (2016-10-26): 1758 # Assume Tonga will observe DST from the first Sunday in November at 02:00 1759 # through the third Sunday in January at 03:00, like Fiji, for now. 1760 1761 # From David Wade (2017-10-18): 1762 # In August government was disolved by the King. The current prime minister 1763 # continued in office in care taker mode. It is easy to see that few 1764 # decisions will be made until elections 16th November. 1765 # 1766 # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 1767 # For now, guess that DST is discontinued. That's what the IATA is guessing. 1768 1769 1770 # Wake 1771 1772 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1773 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1774 # 1775 # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the 1776 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1777 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1778 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1779 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1780 # impossible. 1781 # 1782 # https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm 1783 1784 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1785 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1786 1787 ############################################################################### 1788 1789 # The International Date Line 1790 1791 # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1792 # 1793 # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1794 # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1795 # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1796 # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1797 # 1798 # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1799 # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1800 # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1801 # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1802 # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1803 # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1804 # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1805 # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1806 # places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1807 # an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1808 # correct date is ambiguous. 1809 1810 # From Wikipedia <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1811 # Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1812 # their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1813 # speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1814 # meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1815 # Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1816 # ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1817 # on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1818 # nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1819 # to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1820 # entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were 1821 # adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1822 # independent merchant ships until World War II. 1823 1824 # From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1825 # (2005-03-20): 1826 # 1827 # The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1828 # http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187 1829 # talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1830 # international waters; it ignores the international date line.