4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
9 #
10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
14 # accompanied this code).
15 #
16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
19 #
20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
22 # questions.
23 #
24 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
25 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
26
27 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
28 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
29 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
30 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
31
32 # From Paul Eggert (2017-01-13):
33 #
34 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
35 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
36 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
37 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
38 #
39 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
40 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport
41 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
42 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
43 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
44 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
45 #
46 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
47 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
48 # I found in the UCLA library.
49 #
50 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
51 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
52 # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
53 #
54 # For Russian data circa 1919, a source is:
55 # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
56 # (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.)
57 #
58 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
59 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
60 #
61 # The following alphabetic abbreviations appear in these tables:
62 # std dst
63 # LMT Local Mean Time
64 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
65 # 2:00 IST IDT Israel
66 # 5:30 IST India
67 # 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
68 # 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
69 # 8:00 CST China
70 # 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830
71 # 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
72 # 9:00 JST JDT Japan
73 # 9:00 KST KDT Korea when at +09
74 # 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time
75 # Otherwise, these tables typically use numeric abbreviations like +03
76 # and +0330 for integer hour and minute UT offsets. Although earlier
77 # editions invented alphabetic time zone abbreviations for every
78 # offset, this did not reflect common practice.
79 #
80 # See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
81
82 # From Guy Harris:
83 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
84 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
85 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
86 # Worldwide Edition).
87
88 ###############################################################################
89
90 # These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file.
91 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
92 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
93 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
94 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
287
288 # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20):
289 # Page 27 of Reed & Low (cited for Asia/Kolkata) says "Rangoon local time is
290 # used upon the railways and telegraphs of Burma, and is 6h. 24m. 47s. ahead
291 # of Greenwich." This refers to the period before Burma's transition to +0630,
292 # a transition for which Shanks is the only source.
293
294 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
295 Zone Asia/Yangon 6:24:47 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon
296 6:24:47 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon local time
297 6:30 - +0630 1942 May
298 9:00 - +09 1945 May 3
299 6:30 - +0630
300
301 # Cambodia
302 # See Asia/Bangkok.
303
304
305 # China
306
307 # From Guy Harris:
308 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
309
310 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
311 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
312 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
313 # Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
314 # has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of
315 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
316 #
317 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
318 # painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for
319 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
320 #
321 # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
322 # 1987 mid-April - ??
323
324 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
325 # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
326 # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
327
328 # From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
329 # Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
330 # time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began
331 # observing daylight saving time in 1986.
332
333 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
334 # Shanks & Pottenger have China switching to a single time zone in 1980, but
335 # this doesn't seem to be correct. They also write that China observed summer
336 # DST from 1986 through 1991, which seems to match the above commentary, so
337 # go with them for DST rules as follows:
338 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
339 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
340 Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
341 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D
342 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
343 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
344 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
345
346 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
347 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
348 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
349 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
350 #
351 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
352 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
353 # https://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
354 # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
355 # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
356 # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
357 # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
358 # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
359 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
360 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
361
362 # From Paul Eggert (2017-01-05):
363 # Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources:
364 #
365 # (1)
366 # Guo Qingsheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
367 # Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC
368 # China Historical Materials of Science and Technology
369 # (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料), Vol. 24, No. 1 (2003)
370 # It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was
371 # officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the
372 # evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not
373 # been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar
374 # time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued
375 # to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the
376 # observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it
377 # could well have ignored any such mandate.
378 #
379 # (2)
380 # Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
381 # A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China
382 # [undated and unknown publication location]
383 # It says several things:
384 # * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China.
385 # * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective
386 # the official calendar book of 1914.
387 # * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in
388 # French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei)
389 # Observatory and set to local mean time.
526 #
527 # Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see
528 # "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government"
529 # <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22).
530 # Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986.
531 # During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty,
532 # the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan
533 # Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of
534 # China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be
535 # quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to
536 # UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren,
537 # which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a
538 # guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of +08 before
539 # 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and
540 # that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the
541 # +08 mandate back then.
542
543 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
544 # Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai.
545 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901
546 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
547 8:00 PRC C%sT
548 # Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi
549 # / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)
550 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928
551 6:00 - +06
552
553
554 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
555
556 # Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this.
557
558 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
559 # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
560 # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
561 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
562 # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing
563 # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
564 # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
565 # obtained from
566 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
755 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
756 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
757 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
758 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
759 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
760 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
761 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
762 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
763 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
764 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D
765 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
766
767 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
768 # Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei
769 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1
770 8:00 - CST 1937 Oct 1
771 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 1:00
772 8:00 Taiwan C%sT
773
774 # Macau (Macao, Aomen)
775 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
776 Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D
777 Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 S
778 Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D
779 Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D
780 Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D
781 Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 S
782 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D
783 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 S
784 Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D
785 Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 S
786 Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 S
787 Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 D
788 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D
789 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 S
790 # See Europe/Lisbon for info about the 1912 transition.
791 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
792 Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1911 Dec 31 16:00u
793 8:00 Macau C%sT
794
795
796 ###############################################################################
797
798 # Cyprus
799
800 # Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT.
801 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
802
803 # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-09):
804 # Yesterday's Cyprus Mail reports that Northern Cyprus followed Turkey's
805 # lead and switched from +02/+03 to +03 year-round.
806 # http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/09/08/two-time-zones-cyprus-turkey-will-not-turn-clocks-back-next-month/
807 #
808 # From Even Scharning (2016-10-31):
809 # Looks like the time zone split in Cyprus went through last night.
810 # http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/10/30/cyprus-new-division-two-time-zones-now-reality/
811
812 # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18):
1477 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued
1478 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours."
1479
1480 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times:
1481 # http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm
1482 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
1483 # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
1484 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
1485 # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
1486 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
1487 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
1488 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
1489 # wanted to keep it.)
1490
1491 # From Takayuki Nikai (2018-01-19):
1492 # The source of information is Japanese law.
1493 # http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00219480428029.htm
1494 # http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00719500331039.htm
1495 # ... In summary, it is written as follows. From 24:00 on the first Saturday
1496 # in May, until 0:00 on the day after the second Saturday in September.
1497 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1498 Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D
1499 Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sun>=9 0:00 0 S
1500 Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D
1501 Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D
1502
1503 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
1504 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
1505 # Observatory: 139° 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s), 35° 39' 16.0" N.
1506 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
1507 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
1508 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
1509 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
1510
1511 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
1512 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
1513 # which stands for the time on 135° E.
1514 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
1515 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
1516 # time", which stands for the time on 120° E.... But "western standard
1517 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
1518 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
1519 # standard....
1861 # 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
1862 # 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
1863 # 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1864 # 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1865 # 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1866 # 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1867 # 6:00 - +06
1868 #
1869 # Aqtöbe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-AKT)
1870 Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1871 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
1872 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
1873 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
1874 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1875 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1876 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1877 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1878 5:00 - +05
1879 # Mangghystaū (KZ-MAN)
1880 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
1881 # so include time stamps before 1963.
1882 Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
1883 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
1884 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1
1885 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1886 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1887 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1888 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1994 Sep 25 2:00s
1889 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1890 5:00 - +05
1891 # Atyraū (KZ-ATY) is like Mangghystaū except it switched from
1892 # +04/+05 to +05/+06 in spring 1999, not fall 1994.
1893 Zone Asia/Atyrau 3:27:44 - LMT 1924 May 2
1894 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
1895 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1
1896 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1897 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1898 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1899 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1999 Mar 28 2:00s
1900 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1901 5:00 - +05
2001 #
2002 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15):
2003 # Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations. See:
2004 # Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time'
2005 # http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html
2006 # There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone.
2007 # Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK.
2008
2009 # From Kang Seonghoon (2018-04-29):
2010 # North Korea will revert its time zone from UTC+8:30 (PYT; Pyongyang
2011 # Time) back to UTC+9 (KST; Korea Standard Time).
2012 #
2013 # From Seo Sanghyeon (2018-04-30):
2014 # Rodong Sinmun 2018-04-30 announced Pyongyang Time transition plan.
2015 # https://www.nknews.org/kcna/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2018/04/rodong-2018-04-30.pdf
2016 # ... the transition date is 2018-05-05 ... Citation should be Decree
2017 # No. 2232 of April 30, 2018, of the Presidium of the Supreme People's
2018 # Assembly, as published in Rodong Sinmun.
2019 # From Tim Parenti (2018-04-29):
2020 # It appears to be the front page story at the top in the right-most column.
2021
2022 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2023 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
2024 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
2025 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8
2026 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
2027 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
2028 9:00 ROK K%sT
2029 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
2030 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
2031 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24
2032 9:00 - KST 2015 Aug 15 00:00
2033 8:30 - KST 2018 May 5
2034 9:00 - KST
2035
2036 ###############################################################################
2037
2038 # Kuwait
2039 # See Asia/Riyadh.
2040
2041 # Laos
2042 # See Asia/Bangkok.
2043
2044
2045 # Lebanon
2046 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2047 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
2048 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
2049 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
2050 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
2051 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2052 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
2053 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
2763 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
2764 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's
2765 # History of the International Date Line
2766 # https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm
2767 # The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger.
2768
2769 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
2770 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
2771 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
2772 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
2773 # but no details]
2774
2775 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14):
2776 # The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again
2777 # March-June, but this is not definite. It also says DST was last proclaimed
2778 # during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details.
2779 # Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time.
2780 # Philippine Star 2014-08-05
2781 # http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time
2782
2783 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2784 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 -
2785 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
2786 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 -
2787 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
2788 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 -
2789 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
2790 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2791 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
2792 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
2793 8:00 Phil +08/+09 1942 May
2794 9:00 - +09 1944 Nov
2795 8:00 Phil +08/+09
2796
2797 # Qatar
2798 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2799 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
2800 4:00 - +04 1972 Jun
2801 3:00 - +03
2802 Link Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain
2803
2804 # Saudi Arabia
2805 #
2806 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
2807 # Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not
2808 # standardized until relatively recently; we don't know when, and possibly it
2809 # has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to
2810 # modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines
2811 # observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar
2812 # time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12
2813 # o'clock for "Arab" time).
2814 #
2815 # The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best
2816 # we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics
2817 # Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated
2818 # a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and
2819 # Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the
2820 # earlier date.
2821 #
2822 # Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two
2823 # time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of
2824 # the country. Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
2825 #
2826 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2827 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14
2828 3:00 - +03
2829 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden # Yemen
2830 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait
2831
2832 # Singapore
2833 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
2834 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
2835 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2836 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
2837 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
2838 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1
2839 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1
2840 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1
2841 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16
2842 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
2843 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1
2844 8:00 - +08
|
4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
9 #
10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
14 # accompanied this code).
15 #
16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
19 #
20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
22 # questions.
23 #
24 # tzdb data for Asia and environs
25
26 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
27 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
28
29 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
30 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
31 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
32 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
33
34 # From Paul Eggert (2018-06-19):
35 #
36 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
37 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
38 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
39 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
40 #
41 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
42 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport
43 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
44 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
45 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
46 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
47 #
48 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
49 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
50 # I found in the UCLA library.
51 #
52 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
53 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
54 # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
55 #
56 # For Russian data circa 1919, a source is:
57 # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
58 # (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.)
59 #
60 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
61 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
62 #
63 # The following alphabetic abbreviations appear in these tables
64 # (corrections are welcome):
65 # std dst
66 # LMT Local Mean Time
67 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
68 # 2:00 IST IDT Israel
69 # 5:30 IST India
70 # 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
71 # 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
72 # 8:00 CST China
73 # 8:00 PST PDT* Philippine Standard Time
74 # 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830
75 # 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
76 # 9:00 JST JDT Japan
77 # 9:00 KST KDT Korea when at +09
78 # 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time
79 # *I invented the abbreviation PDT; see "Philippines" below.
80 # Otherwise, these tables typically use numeric abbreviations like +03
81 # and +0330 for integer hour and minute UT offsets. Although earlier
82 # editions invented alphabetic time zone abbreviations for every
83 # offset, this did not reflect common practice.
84 #
85 # See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
86
87 # From Guy Harris:
88 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
89 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
90 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
91 # Worldwide Edition).
92
93 ###############################################################################
94
95 # These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file.
96 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
97 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
98 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
99 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
292
293 # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20):
294 # Page 27 of Reed & Low (cited for Asia/Kolkata) says "Rangoon local time is
295 # used upon the railways and telegraphs of Burma, and is 6h. 24m. 47s. ahead
296 # of Greenwich." This refers to the period before Burma's transition to +0630,
297 # a transition for which Shanks is the only source.
298
299 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
300 Zone Asia/Yangon 6:24:47 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon
301 6:24:47 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon local time
302 6:30 - +0630 1942 May
303 9:00 - +09 1945 May 3
304 6:30 - +0630
305
306 # Cambodia
307 # See Asia/Bangkok.
308
309
310 # China
311
312 # From Paul Eggert (2018-10-02):
313 # The following comes from Table 1 of:
314 # Li Yu. Research on the daylight saving movement in 1940s Shanghai.
315 # Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences. 2014;(2):144-50.
316 # http://oversea.cnki.net/kns55/detail.aspx?dbname=CJFD2014&filename=NJSH201402020
317 # The table lists dates only; I am guessing 00:00 and 24:00 transition times.
318 # Also, the table lists the planned end of DST in 1949, but the corresponding
319 # zone line cuts this off on May 28, when the Communists took power.
320 #
321 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
322 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
323 Rule Shang 1940 only - Oct 12 24:00 0 S
324 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
325 Rule Shang 1941 only - Nov 1 24:00 0 S
326 Rule Shang 1942 only - Jan 31 0:00 1:00 D
327 Rule Shang 1945 only - Sep 1 24:00 0 S
328 Rule Shang 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
329 Rule Shang 1946 only - Sep 30 24:00 0 S
330 Rule Shang 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
331 Rule Shang 1947 only - Oct 31 24:00 0 S
332 Rule Shang 1948 1949 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
333 Rule Shang 1948 1949 - Sep 30 24:00 0 S #plan
334
335 # From Guy Harris:
336 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
337
338 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
339 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
340 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
341 # Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
342 # has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of
343 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
344 #
345 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
346 # painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for
347 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
348 #
349 # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
350 # 1987 mid-April - ??
351
352 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
353 # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
354 # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
355
356 # From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
357 # Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
358 # time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began
359 # observing daylight saving time in 1986.
360
361 # From P Chan (2018-05-07):
362 # The start and end time of DST in China [from 1986 on] should be 2:00
363 # (i.e. 2:00 to 3:00 at the start and 2:00 to 1:00 at the end)....
364 # Government notices about summer time:
365 #
366 # 1986-04-12 http://www.zj.gov.cn/attach/zfgb/198608.pdf p.21-22
367 # (To establish summer time from 1986. On 4 May, set the clocks ahead one hour
368 # at 2 am. On 14 September, set the clocks backward one hour at 2 am.)
369 #
370 # 1987-02-15 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1987/gwyb198703.pdf p.114
371 # (Summer time in 1987 to start from 12 April until 13 September)
372 #
373 # 1987-09-09 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1987/gwyb198721.pdf p.709
374 # (From 1988, summer time to start from 2 am of the first Sunday of mid-April
375 # until 2 am of the first Sunday of mid-September)
376 #
377 # 1992-03-03 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1992/gwyb199205.pdf p.152
378 # (To suspend summer time from 1992)
379 #
380 # The first page of People's Daily on 12 April 1988 stating that summer time
381 # to begin on 17 April.
382 # http://data.people.com.cn/pic/101p/1988/04/1988041201.jpg
383
384 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
385 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 2:00 1:00 D
386 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 2:00 0 S
387 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=11 2:00 1:00 D
388
389 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
390 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
391 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
392 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
393 #
394 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
395 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
396 # https://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
397 # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
398 # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
399 # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
400 # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
401 # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
402 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
403 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
404
405 # From Paul Eggert (2017-01-05):
406 # Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources:
407 #
408 # (1)
409 # Guo Qing-sheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
410 # Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC
411 # China Historical Materials of Science and Technology
412 # (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料). 2003;24(1):5-9.
413 # http://oversea.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?filename=ZGKS200301000&dbname=CJFD2003
414 # It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was
415 # officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the
416 # evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not
417 # been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar
418 # time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued
419 # to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the
420 # observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it
421 # could well have ignored any such mandate.
422 #
423 # (2)
424 # Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
425 # A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China
426 # [undated and unknown publication location]
427 # It says several things:
428 # * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China.
429 # * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective
430 # the official calendar book of 1914.
431 # * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in
432 # French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei)
433 # Observatory and set to local mean time.
570 #
571 # Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see
572 # "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government"
573 # <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22).
574 # Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986.
575 # During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty,
576 # the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan
577 # Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of
578 # China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be
579 # quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to
580 # UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren,
581 # which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a
582 # guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of +08 before
583 # 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and
584 # that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the
585 # +08 mandate back then.
586
587 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
588 # Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai.
589 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901
590 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 May 28
591 8:00 PRC C%sT
592 # Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi
593 # / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)
594 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928
595 6:00 - +06
596
597
598 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
599
600 # Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this.
601
602 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
603 # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
604 # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
605 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
606 # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing
607 # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
608 # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
609 # obtained from
610 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
799 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
800 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
801 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
802 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
803 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
804 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
805 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
806 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
807 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
808 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D
809 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
810
811 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
812 # Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei
813 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1
814 8:00 - CST 1937 Oct 1
815 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 1:00
816 8:00 Taiwan C%sT
817
818 # Macau (Macao, Aomen)
819 #
820 # From P Chan (2018-05-10):
821 # * LegisMac
822 # http://legismac.safp.gov.mo/legismac/descqry/Descqry.jsf?lang=pt
823 # A database for searching titles of legal documents of Macau in
824 # Chinese and Portuguese. The term "HORÁRIO DE VERÃO" can be used for
825 # searching decrees about summer time.
826 # * Archives of Macao
827 # http://www.archives.gov.mo/en/bo/
828 # It contains images of old official gazettes.
829 # * The Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau have a page listing the
830 # summer time history. But it is not complete and has some mistakes.
831 # http://www.smg.gov.mo/smg/geophysics/e_t_Summer%20Time.htm
832 # Macau adopted GMT+8 on 30 Oct 1904 to follow Hong Kong. Clocks were
833 # advanced by 25 minutes and 50 seconds. Which means the LMT used was
834 # +7:34:10. As stated in the "Portaria No. 204" dated 21 October 1904
835 # and published in the Official Gazette on 29 October 1904.
836 # http://igallery.icm.gov.mo/Images/Archives/BO/MO_AH_PUB_BO_1904_10/MO_AH_PUB_BO_1904_10_00025_Grey.JPG
837 #
838 # Therefore the 1911 decree of Portugal did not change time in Macau.
839 #
840 # From LegisMac, here is a list of decrees that changed the time ...
841 # [Decree Gazette-no. date; titles omitted in this quotation]
842 # DIL 732 BOCM 51 1941.12.20
843 # DIL 764 BOCM 9S 1942.04.30
844 # DIL 781 BOCM 21 1942.10.10
845 # PT 3434 BOCM 8S 1943.04.17
846 # PT 3504 BOCM 20 1943.09.25
847 # PT 3843 BOCM 39 1945.09.29
848 # PT 3961 BOCM 17 1946.04.27
849 # PT 4026 BOCM 39 1946.09.28
850 # PT 4153 BOCM 16 1947.04.10
851 # PT 4271 BOCM 48 1947.11.29
852 # PT 4374 BOCM 18 1948.05.01
853 # PT 4465 BOCM 44 1948.10.30
854 # PT 4590 BOCM 14 1949.04.02
855 # PT 4666 BOCM 44 1949.10.29
856 # PT 4771 BOCM 12 1950.03.25
857 # PT 4838 BOCM 43 1950.10.28
858 # PT 4946 BOCM 12 1951.03.24
859 # PT 5025 BO 43 1951.10.27
860 # PT 5149 BO 14 1952.04.05
861 # PT 5251 BO 43 1952.10.25
862 # PT 5366 BO 13 1953.03.28
863 # PT 5444 BO 44 1953.10.31
864 # PT 5540 BO 12 1954.03.20
865 # PT 5589 BO 44 1954.10.30
866 # PT 5676 BO 12 1955.03.19
867 # PT 5739 BO 45 1955.11.05
868 # PT 5823 BO 11 1956.03.17
869 # PT 5891 BO 44 1956.11.03
870 # PT 5981 BO 12 1957.03.23
871 # PT 6064 BO 43 1957.10.26
872 # PT 6172 BO 12 1958.03.22
873 # PT 6243 BO 43 1958.10.25
874 # PT 6341 BO 12 1959.03.21
875 # PT 6411 BO 43 1959.10.24
876 # PT 6514 BO 11 1960.03.12
877 # PT 6584 BO 44 1960.10.29
878 # PT 6721 BO 10 1961.03.11
879 # PT 6815 BO 43 1961.10.28
880 # PT 6947 BO 10 1962.03.10
881 # PT 7080 BO 43 1962.10.27
882 # PT 7218 BO 12 1963.03.23
883 # PT 7340 BO 43 1963.10.26
884 # PT 7491 BO 11 1964.03.14
885 # PT 7664 BO 43 1964.10.24
886 # PT 7846 BO 15 1965.04.10
887 # PT 7979 BO 42 1965.10.16
888 # PT 8146 BO 15 1966.04.09
889 # PT 8252 BO 41 1966.10.08
890 # PT 8429 BO 15 1967.04.15
891 # PT 8540 BO 41 1967.10.14
892 # PT 8735 BO 15 1968.04.13
893 # PT 8860 BO 41 1968.10.12
894 # PT 9035 BO 16 1969.04.19
895 # PT 9156 BO 42 1969.10.18
896 # PT 9328 BO 15 1970.04.11
897 # PT 9418 BO 41 1970.10.10
898 # PT 9587 BO 14 1971.04.03
899 # PT 9702 BO 41 1971.10.09
900 # PT 38-A/72 BO 14 1972.04.01
901 # PT 126-A/72 BO 41 1972.10.07
902 # PT 61/73 BO 14 1973.04.07
903 # PT 182/73 BO 40 1973.10.06
904 # PT 282/73 BO 51 1973.12.22
905 # PT 177/74 BO 41 1974.10.12
906 # PT 51/75 BO 15 1975.04.12
907 # PT 173/75 BO 41 1975.10.11
908 # PT 67/76/M BO 14 1976.04.03
909 # PT 169/76/M BO 41 1976.10.09
910 # PT 78/79/M BO 19 1979.05.12
911 # PT 166/79/M BO 42 1979.10.20
912 # Note that DIL 732 does not belong to "HORÁRIO DE VERÃO" according to
913 # LegisMac.... Note that between 1942 and 1945, the time switched
914 # between GMT+9 and GMT+10. Also in 1965 and 1965 the DST ended at 2:30am.
915
916 # From Paul Eggert (2018-05-10):
917 # The 1904 decree says that Macau changed from the meridian of
918 # Fortaleza do Monte, presumably the basis for the 7:34:10 for LMT.
919
920 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
921 Rule Macau 1942 1943 - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 -
922 Rule Macau 1942 only - Nov 17 23:00 0 -
923 Rule Macau 1943 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 S
924 Rule Macau 1946 only - Apr 30 23:00s 1:00 D
925 Rule Macau 1946 only - Sep 30 23:00s 0 S
926 Rule Macau 1947 only - Apr 19 23:00s 1:00 D
927 Rule Macau 1947 only - Nov 30 23:00s 0 S
928 Rule Macau 1948 only - May 2 23:00s 1:00 D
929 Rule Macau 1948 only - Oct 31 23:00s 0 S
930 Rule Macau 1949 1950 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 D
931 Rule Macau 1949 1950 - Oct lastSat 23:00s 0 S
932 Rule Macau 1951 only - Mar 31 23:00s 1:00 D
933 Rule Macau 1951 only - Oct 28 23:00s 0 S
934 Rule Macau 1952 1953 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 D
935 Rule Macau 1952 only - Nov 1 23:00s 0 S
936 Rule Macau 1953 1954 - Oct lastSat 23:00s 0 S
937 Rule Macau 1954 1956 - Mar Sat>=17 23:00s 1:00 D
938 Rule Macau 1955 only - Nov 5 23:00s 0 S
939 Rule Macau 1956 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 03:30 0 S
940 Rule Macau 1957 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 03:30 1:00 D
941 Rule Macau 1965 1973 - Apr Sun>=16 03:30 1:00 D
942 Rule Macau 1965 1966 - Oct Sun>=16 02:30 0 S
943 Rule Macau 1967 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 03:30 0 S
944 Rule Macau 1973 only - Dec 30 03:30 1:00 D
945 Rule Macau 1975 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 03:30 1:00 D
946 Rule Macau 1979 only - May 13 03:30 1:00 D
947 Rule Macau 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 03:30 0 S
948
949 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
950 Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:10 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
951 8:00 - CST 1941 Dec 21 23:00
952 9:00 Macau +09/+10 1945 Sep 30 24:00
953 8:00 Macau C%sT
954
955
956 ###############################################################################
957
958 # Cyprus
959
960 # Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT.
961 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
962
963 # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-09):
964 # Yesterday's Cyprus Mail reports that Northern Cyprus followed Turkey's
965 # lead and switched from +02/+03 to +03 year-round.
966 # http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/09/08/two-time-zones-cyprus-turkey-will-not-turn-clocks-back-next-month/
967 #
968 # From Even Scharning (2016-10-31):
969 # Looks like the time zone split in Cyprus went through last night.
970 # http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/10/30/cyprus-new-division-two-time-zones-now-reality/
971
972 # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18):
1637 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued
1638 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours."
1639
1640 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times:
1641 # http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm
1642 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
1643 # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
1644 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
1645 # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
1646 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
1647 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
1648 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
1649 # wanted to keep it.)
1650
1651 # From Takayuki Nikai (2018-01-19):
1652 # The source of information is Japanese law.
1653 # http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00219480428029.htm
1654 # http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00719500331039.htm
1655 # ... In summary, it is written as follows. From 24:00 on the first Saturday
1656 # in May, until 0:00 on the day after the second Saturday in September.
1657
1658 # From Phake Nick (2018-09-27):
1659 # [T]he webpage authored by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
1660 # https://eco.mtk.nao.ac.jp/koyomi/wiki/BBFEB9EF2FB2C6BBFEB9EF.html
1661 # ... mentioned that using Showa 23 (year 1948) as example, 13pm of September
1662 # 11 in summer time will equal to 0am of September 12 in standard time.
1663 # It cited a document issued by the Liaison Office which briefly existed
1664 # during the postwar period of Japan, where the detail on implementation
1665 # of the summer time is described in the document.
1666 # https://eco.mtk.nao.ac.jp/koyomi/wiki/BBFEB9EF2FB2C6BBFEB9EFB2C6BBFEB9EFA4CEBCC2BBDCA4CBA4C4A4A4A4C6.pdf
1667 # The text in the document do instruct a fall back to occur at
1668 # September 11, 13pm in summer time, while ordinary citizens can
1669 # change the clock before they sleep.
1670 #
1671 # From Paul Eggert (2018-09-27):
1672 # This instruction is equivalent to "Sat>=8 25:00", so use that. zic treats
1673 # it like "Sun>=9 01:00", which is not quite the same but is the best we can
1674 # do in any POSIX or C platform. The "25:00" assumes zic from 2007 or later,
1675 # which should be safe now.
1676
1677 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1678 Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D
1679 Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sun>=9 1:00 0 S
1680 Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D
1681 Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D
1682
1683 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
1684 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
1685 # Observatory: 139° 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s), 35° 39' 16.0" N.
1686 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
1687 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
1688 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
1689 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
1690
1691 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
1692 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
1693 # which stands for the time on 135° E.
1694 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
1695 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
1696 # time", which stands for the time on 120° E.... But "western standard
1697 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
1698 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
1699 # standard....
2041 # 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
2042 # 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
2043 # 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
2044 # 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2045 # 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2046 # 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
2047 # 6:00 - +06
2048 #
2049 # Aqtöbe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-AKT)
2050 Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
2051 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
2052 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
2053 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
2054 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
2055 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2056 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2057 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
2058 5:00 - +05
2059 # Mangghystaū (KZ-MAN)
2060 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
2061 # so include timestamps before 1963.
2062 Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
2063 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
2064 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1
2065 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
2066 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2067 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2068 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1994 Sep 25 2:00s
2069 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
2070 5:00 - +05
2071 # Atyraū (KZ-ATY) is like Mangghystaū except it switched from
2072 # +04/+05 to +05/+06 in spring 1999, not fall 1994.
2073 Zone Asia/Atyrau 3:27:44 - LMT 1924 May 2
2074 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2075 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1
2076 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
2077 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2078 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2079 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1999 Mar 28 2:00s
2080 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
2081 5:00 - +05
2181 #
2182 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15):
2183 # Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations. See:
2184 # Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time'
2185 # http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html
2186 # There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone.
2187 # Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK.
2188
2189 # From Kang Seonghoon (2018-04-29):
2190 # North Korea will revert its time zone from UTC+8:30 (PYT; Pyongyang
2191 # Time) back to UTC+9 (KST; Korea Standard Time).
2192 #
2193 # From Seo Sanghyeon (2018-04-30):
2194 # Rodong Sinmun 2018-04-30 announced Pyongyang Time transition plan.
2195 # https://www.nknews.org/kcna/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2018/04/rodong-2018-04-30.pdf
2196 # ... the transition date is 2018-05-05 ... Citation should be Decree
2197 # No. 2232 of April 30, 2018, of the Presidium of the Supreme People's
2198 # Assembly, as published in Rodong Sinmun.
2199 # From Tim Parenti (2018-04-29):
2200 # It appears to be the front page story at the top in the right-most column.
2201 #
2202 # From Paul Eggert (2018-05-04):
2203 # The BBC reported that the transition was from 23:30 to 24:00 today.
2204 # https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44010705
2205
2206 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2207 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
2208 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
2209 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8
2210 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
2211 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
2212 9:00 ROK K%sT
2213 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
2214 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
2215 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24
2216 9:00 - KST 2015 Aug 15 00:00
2217 8:30 - KST 2018 May 4 23:30
2218 9:00 - KST
2219
2220 ###############################################################################
2221
2222 # Kuwait
2223 # See Asia/Riyadh.
2224
2225 # Laos
2226 # See Asia/Bangkok.
2227
2228
2229 # Lebanon
2230 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2231 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
2232 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
2233 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
2234 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
2235 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2236 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
2237 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
2947 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
2948 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's
2949 # History of the International Date Line
2950 # https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm
2951 # The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger.
2952
2953 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
2954 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
2955 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
2956 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
2957 # but no details]
2958
2959 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14):
2960 # The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again
2961 # March-June, but this is not definite. It also says DST was last proclaimed
2962 # during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details.
2963 # Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time.
2964 # Philippine Star 2014-08-05
2965 # http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time
2966
2967 # From Paul Goyette (2018-06-15):
2968 # In the Philippines, there is a national law, Republic Act No. 10535
2969 # which declares the official time here as "Philippine Standard Time".
2970 # The act [1] even specifies use of PST as the abbreviation, although
2971 # the FAQ provided by PAGASA [2] uses the "acronym PhST to distinguish
2972 # it from the Pacific Standard Time (PST)."
2973 # [1] http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2013/05/15/republic-act-no-10535/
2974 # [2] https://www1.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/index.php/astronomy/philippine-standard-time#republic-act-10535
2975 #
2976 # From Paul Eggert (2018-06-19):
2977 # I surveyed recent news reports, and my impression is that "PST" is
2978 # more popular among reliable English-language news sources. This is
2979 # not just a measure of Google hit counts: it's also the sizes and
2980 # influence of the sources. There is no current abbreviation for DST,
2981 # so use "PDT", the usual American style.
2982
2983 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2984 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 D
2985 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 S
2986 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 D
2987 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S
2988 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
2989 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
2990 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2991 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
2992 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
2993 8:00 Phil P%sT 1942 May
2994 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov
2995 8:00 Phil P%sT
2996
2997 # Qatar
2998 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2999 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
3000 4:00 - +04 1972 Jun
3001 3:00 - +03
3002 Link Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain
3003
3004 # Saudi Arabia
3005 #
3006 # From Paul Eggert (2018-08-29):
3007 # Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not
3008 # standardized until 1968 or so; we don't know exactly when, and possibly it
3009 # has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to
3010 # modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines
3011 # observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar
3012 # time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12
3013 # o'clock for "Arab" time).
3014 #
3015 # Timekeeping differed depending on who you were and which part of Saudi
3016 # Arabia you were in. In 1969, Elias Antar wrote that although a common
3017 # practice had been to set one's watch to 12:00 (i.e., midnight) at sunset -
3018 # which meant that the time on one side of a mountain could differ greatly from
3019 # the time on the other side - many foreigners set their watches to 6pm
3020 # instead, while airlines instead used UTC +03 (except in Dhahran, where they
3021 # used UTC +04), Aramco used UTC +03 with DST, and the Trans-Arabian Pipe Line
3022 # Company used Aramco time in eastern Saudi Arabia and airline time in western.
3023 # (The American Military Aid Advisory Group used plain UTC.) Antar writes,
3024 # "A man named Higgins, so the story goes, used to run a local power
3025 # station. One day, the whole thing became too much for Higgins and he
3026 # assembled his staff and laid down the law. 'I've had enough of this,' he
3027 # shrieked. 'It is now 12 o'clock Higgins Time, and from now on this station is
3028 # going to run on Higgins Time.' And so, until last year, it did." See:
3029 # Antar E. Dinner at When? Saudi Aramco World, 1969 March/April. 2-3.
3030 # http://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/196902/dinner.at.when.htm
3031 # newspapers.com says a similar story about Higgins was published in the Port
3032 # Angeles (WA) Evening News, 1965-03-10, page 5, but I lack access to the text.
3033 #
3034 # The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best
3035 # we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics
3036 # Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated
3037 # a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and
3038 # Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the
3039 # earlier date.
3040 #
3041 # Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two
3042 # time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of
3043 # the country. Presumably this is documenting airline time. Ignore this,
3044 # as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
3045 #
3046 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3047 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14
3048 3:00 - +03
3049 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden # Yemen
3050 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait
3051
3052 # Singapore
3053 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
3054 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
3055 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3056 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
3057 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
3058 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1
3059 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1
3060 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1
3061 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16
3062 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
3063 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1
3064 8:00 - +08
|