1 # 2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 3 # 4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this 7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 9 # 10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 14 # accompanied this code). 15 # 16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 19 # 20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 22 # questions. 23 # 24 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 25 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 26 27 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 28 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 29 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 30 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 31 32 # From Paul Eggert (2017-01-13): 33 # 34 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 35 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 36 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 37 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 38 # 39 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 40 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport 41 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 42 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 43 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 44 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 45 # 46 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 47 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 48 # I found in the UCLA library. 49 # 50 # For data circa 1899, a common source is: 51 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 52 # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 53 # 54 # For Russian data circa 1919, a source is: 55 # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919. 56 # (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.) 57 # 58 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 59 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 60 # 61 # The following alphabetic abbreviations appear in these tables: 62 # std dst 63 # LMT Local Mean Time 64 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time 65 # 2:00 IST IDT Israel 66 # 5:30 IST India 67 # 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat) 68 # 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah) 69 # 8:00 CST China 70 # 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830 71 # 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur) 72 # 9:00 JST JDT Japan 73 # 9:00 KST KDT Korea when at +09 74 # 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time 75 # Otherwise, these tables typically use numeric abbreviations like +03 76 # and +0330 for integer hour and minute UT offsets. Although earlier 77 # editions invented alphabetic time zone abbreviations for every 78 # offset, this did not reflect common practice. 79 # 80 # See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia. 81 82 # From Guy Harris: 83 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as 84 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental 85 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - 86 # Worldwide Edition). 87 88 ############################################################################### 89 90 # These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file. 91 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 92 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 93 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 94 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 95 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 - 96 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 97 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 98 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 - 99 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 100 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 101 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 102 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 103 104 # Afghanistan 105 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 106 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 107 4:00 - +04 1945 108 4:30 - +0430 109 110 # Armenia 111 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 112 # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) 113 # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then 114 # readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even 115 # when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz 116 # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST 117 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that 118 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, 119 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. 120 121 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): 122 # While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to 123 # follow Russia's "old" rules. 124 125 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10): 126 # According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012, 127 # http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html 128 # 129 # The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the 130 # Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of 131 # Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time. 132 # or 133 # (brief) 134 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html 135 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 136 Rule Armenia 2011 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 137 Rule Armenia 2011 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 138 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 139 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 140 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar 141 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 142 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1995 Sep 24 2:00s 143 4:00 - +04 1997 144 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2011 145 4:00 Armenia +04/+05 146 147 # Azerbaijan 148 149 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23): 150 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997 151 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-17): It was Resolution No. 21 (1997-03-17). 152 # http://code.az/files/daylight_res.pdf 153 154 # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-17): 155 # ... the Azerbaijani Cabinet of Ministers has cancelled switching to 156 # daylight saving time.... 157 # https://www.azernews.az/azerbaijan/94137.html 158 # http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Azerbaijani-Cabinet-of-Ministers-cancels-daylight-saving-time.html 159 # http://en.apa.az/xeber_azerbaijan_abolishes_daylight_savings_ti_240862.html 160 161 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 162 Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 - 163 Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 - 164 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 165 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 166 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar 167 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 168 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 Sep lastSun 2:00s 169 4:00 - +04 1996 170 4:00 EUAsia +04/+05 1997 171 4:00 Azer +04/+05 172 173 # Bahrain 174 # See Asia/Qatar. 175 176 # Bangladesh 177 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13): 178 # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce 179 # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30 180 # 181 # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16 182 # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288 183 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html 184 # 185 # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from 186 # June 187 # 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with 188 # crippling power crisis. " 189 # 190 # The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if 191 # implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010 192 193 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02): 194 # They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between 195 # the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet. 196 # 197 # Some sources: 198 # https://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601 199 # http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2 200 # 201 # Our wrap-up: 202 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html 203 204 # From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15): 205 # Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start 206 # time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh 207 # Telecommunication Regulatory Commission). 208 # 209 # No DST end date has been announced yet. 210 211 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25): 212 # Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009, 213 # instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision. 214 # 215 # Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday": 216 # "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1" 217 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021 218 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html 219 220 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13): 221 # IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports: 222 # Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make 223 # maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would 224 # "continue for an indefinite period." 225 # 226 # One of many places where it is published: 227 # http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html 228 229 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24): 230 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 231 # Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009. 232 # 233 # Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night. 234 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228 235 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html 236 # 237 # "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour 238 # on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31, 239 # 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime 240 # Minister's Office last night..." 241 242 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22): 243 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 244 # Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time 245 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817 246 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html 247 248 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 249 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 - 250 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 - 251 252 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 253 Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 254 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 255 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 15 256 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep 257 6:30 - +0630 1951 Sep 30 258 6:00 - +06 2009 259 6:00 Dhaka +06/+07 260 261 # Bhutan 262 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 263 Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu 264 5:30 - +0530 1987 Oct 265 6:00 - +06 266 267 # British Indian Ocean Territory 268 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the 269 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996. 270 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced; 271 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which 272 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago). 273 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 274 Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 275 5:00 - +05 1996 276 6:00 - +06 277 278 # Brunei 279 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 280 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 281 7:30 - +0730 1933 282 8:00 - +08 283 284 # Burma / Myanmar 285 286 # Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon. 287 288 # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20): 289 # Page 27 of Reed & Low (cited for Asia/Kolkata) says "Rangoon local time is 290 # used upon the railways and telegraphs of Burma, and is 6h. 24m. 47s. ahead 291 # of Greenwich." This refers to the period before Burma's transition to +0630, 292 # a transition for which Shanks is the only source. 293 294 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 295 Zone Asia/Yangon 6:24:47 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon 296 6:24:47 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon local time 297 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 298 9:00 - +09 1945 May 3 299 6:30 - +0630 300 301 # Cambodia 302 # See Asia/Bangkok. 303 304 305 # China 306 307 # From Guy Harris: 308 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. 309 310 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 311 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though 312 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the 313 # Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China 314 # has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of 315 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. 316 # 317 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too 318 # painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for 319 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): 320 # 321 # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 322 # 1987 mid-April - ?? 323 324 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): 325 # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN 326 # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 327 328 # From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11): 329 # Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight 330 # time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began 331 # observing daylight saving time in 1986. 332 333 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 334 # Shanks & Pottenger have China switching to a single time zone in 1980, but 335 # this doesn't seem to be correct. They also write that China observed summer 336 # DST from 1986 through 1991, which seems to match the above commentary, so 337 # go with them for DST rules as follows: 338 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 339 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 340 Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 341 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D 342 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D 343 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S 344 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D 345 346 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20): 347 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five 348 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official 349 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949). 350 # 351 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14): 352 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the 353 # https://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county 354 # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two 355 # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border, 356 # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are 357 # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege 358 # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6 359 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two 360 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data. 361 362 # From Paul Eggert (2017-01-05): 363 # Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources: 364 # 365 # (1) 366 # Guo Qingsheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) 367 # Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC 368 # China Historical Materials of Science and Technology 369 # (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料), Vol. 24, No. 1 (2003) 370 # It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was 371 # officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the 372 # evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not 373 # been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar 374 # time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued 375 # to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the 376 # observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it 377 # could well have ignored any such mandate. 378 # 379 # (2) 380 # Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) 381 # A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China 382 # [undated and unknown publication location] 383 # It says several things: 384 # * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China. 385 # * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective 386 # the official calendar book of 1914. 387 # * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in 388 # French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei) 389 # Observatory and set to local mean time. 390 # * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8. 391 # * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers) 392 # eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it 393 # became used by railways as well. 394 # * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into 395 # five time zones (see below for details). This caught on 396 # at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8. 397 # * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice 398 # this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in 399 # Japanese-occupied territory. 400 # * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time. 401 # * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into 402 # place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear 403 # how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control. 404 # * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war. 405 # 406 # An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the 407 # Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is 408 # different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour 409 # ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the 410 # Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT +08. 411 # 412 # In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but 413 # this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger. 414 # This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and 415 # Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility. 416 # Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice 417 # mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were: 418 # 419 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT +08:30 420 # Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here. 421 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin 422 # 423 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT +08 424 # Now part of Asia/Shanghai. 425 # most of China 426 # Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest. 427 # Guo says Shanghai switched to UT +08 "from the end of the 19th century". 428 # 429 # Long-shu Time (probably as Long and Shu were two names of the area) UT +07 430 # Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here. 431 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; 432 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; east Qinghai; and the Guangdong 433 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, 434 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. 435 # 436 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT +06 437 # This region is now part of either Asia/Urumqi or Asia/Shanghai with 438 # current boundaries uncertain; times before 1970 for areas that 439 # disagree with Ürümqi or Shanghai are not recorded here. 440 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai; 441 # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang, 442 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi; 443 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi; 444 # east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe, 445 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin, 446 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami, 447 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan. 448 # 449 # Kunlun Time UT +05:30 450 # This region is now in the same status as Xin-zang Time (see above). 451 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule; 452 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke, 453 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding, 454 # and Yarkand. 455 456 # From Luther Ma (2009-10-17): 457 # Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in 458 # Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time, 459 # but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on 460 # what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese 461 # they implicitly use Beijing time. 462 # 463 # On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the 464 # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two 465 # hours behind Beijing time, or UT +06. The government of the Xinjiang 466 # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as 467 # local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in 468 # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as 469 # "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language 470 # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time. 471 # 472 # (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its 473 # widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in 474 # Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.) 475 # 476 # (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990 477 # or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with 478 # the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same 479 # time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and 480 # others moving their clocks ahead.) 481 482 # From Luther Ma (2009-11-19): 483 # With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common 484 # English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols): 485 # 486 # 1. Wulumuqi... 487 # 2. Kashi... 488 # 3. Urumqi... 489 # 4. Kashgar... 490 # ... 491 # 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the 492 # 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding 493 # countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child. 494 # 495 # 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any 496 # start date for Xinjiang time. 497 # 498 # Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally 499 # publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur 500 # Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also 501 # not be using Beijing time, but some local time.) 502 503 # From David Cochrane (2014-03-26): 504 # Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986: 505 # https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html 506 507 # From Luther Ma (2014-04-22): 508 # I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from 509 # different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's 510 # report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David 511 # Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially 512 # recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least 513 # the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time; 514 # and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers 515 # to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some 516 # population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only 517 # problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as 518 # having the same time as Beijing. 519 520 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 521 # In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT +06) 522 # but this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun, 523 # Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN 524 # 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x. 525 # As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone. 526 # 527 # Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see 528 # "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government" 529 # <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22). 530 # Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986. 531 # During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty, 532 # the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan 533 # Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of 534 # China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be 535 # quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to 536 # UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren, 537 # which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a 538 # guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of +08 before 539 # 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and 540 # that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the 541 # +08 mandate back then. 542 543 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 544 # Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai. 545 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901 546 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 547 8:00 PRC C%sT 548 # Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi 549 # / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.) 550 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 551 6:00 - +06 552 553 554 # Hong Kong (Xianggang) 555 556 # Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this. 557 558 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24): 559 # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong 560 # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually, 561 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK, 562 # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing 563 # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I 564 # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be 565 # obtained from 566 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 567 568 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 569 # Here are the dates given at 570 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 571 # as of 2009-10-28: 572 # Year Period 573 # 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep 574 # 1942 Whole year 575 # 1943 Whole year 576 # 1944 Whole year 577 # 1945 Whole year 578 # 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec 579 # 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec 580 # 1948 2 May to 31 Oct 581 # 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct 582 # 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct 583 # 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct 584 # 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct 585 # 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov 586 # 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct 587 # 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov 588 # 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov 589 # 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov 590 # 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov 591 # 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov 592 # 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov 593 # 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov 594 # 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov 595 # 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov 596 # 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov 597 # 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct 598 # 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct 599 # 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct 600 # 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct 601 # 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct 602 # 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct 603 # 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct 604 # 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct 605 # 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct 606 # 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74 607 # 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct 608 # 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct 609 # 1977 Nil 610 # 1978 Nil 611 # 1979 13 May to 21 Oct 612 # 1980 to Now Nil 613 # The page does not give start or end times of day. 614 # The page does not give a start date for 1942. 615 # The page does not givw an end date for 1945. 616 # The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25. 617 # The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15. 618 # For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times. 619 620 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 621 Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S 622 Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 - 623 Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S 624 Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 - 625 Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S 626 Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 - 627 Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S 628 Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 - 629 Rule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 - 630 Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S 631 Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 - 632 Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S 633 Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 - 634 Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 635 Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 636 Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 637 Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S 638 Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S 639 Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 640 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 641 Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 642 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25 643 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15 644 8:00 HK HK%sT 645 646 ############################################################################### 647 648 # Taiwan 649 650 # From smallufo (2010-04-03): 651 # According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau], 652 # http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm 653 # Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30. 654 655 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): 656 # On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of 657 # Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that 658 # Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands 659 # (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on 660 # 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be 661 # found on Wikisource: 662 # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時) 663 # ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because 664 # during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone 665 # declared officially. 666 # 667 # Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa 668 # Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of 669 # revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard 670 # time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in 671 # western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan 672 # territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time 673 # (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can 674 # be found on Wikisource: 675 # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件 676 # 677 # That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UT+9 on Oct 1, 1937. 678 679 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): 680 # I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UT+9 681 # back to UT+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document 682 # during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time 683 # zone back to Western Standard Time (UT+8) on Sep 21. And in another 684 # history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a 685 # note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two 686 # materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And 687 # today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald" 688 # from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact 689 # that: 690 # 691 # 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using 692 # the time at 135E (GMT+9) 693 # 694 # 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan 695 # 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands, 696 # as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called 697 # Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8. 698 # 699 # 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the 700 # territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard 701 # Time. 702 # 703 # [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan: 704 # http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037 705 # [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site: 706 # http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm 707 # [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475: 708 # http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf 709 710 # Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03): 711 # I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to 712 # Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan. It's Taiwan Governor-General 713 # Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ... 714 # [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local 715 # bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on 716 # Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21. I think this bulletin is much more 717 # official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the 718 # top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this 719 # would be a good one. 720 # [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945: 721 # http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener 722 723 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): 724 # In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from 725 # Central Weather Bureau website was not correct. 726 # 727 # Original Bulletin: 728 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF 729 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.) 730 # 731 # In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that 732 # telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government: 733 # 734 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431 735 # 736 # Here is a brief translation: 737 # 738 # The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20 739 # midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time 740 # adoption till Oct 31 midnight. 741 # 742 # The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can 743 # be found from historical government announcement database. 744 745 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03): 746 # As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT +09 from 1937-10-01 747 # until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger. 748 # Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan. 749 750 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 751 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 752 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 753 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 754 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 755 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 756 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 757 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D 758 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 759 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 760 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 761 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 762 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 763 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 764 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D 765 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 766 767 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 768 # Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei 769 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1 770 8:00 - CST 1937 Oct 1 771 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 1:00 772 8:00 Taiwan C%sT 773 774 # Macau (Macao, Aomen) 775 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 776 Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D 777 Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 S 778 Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D 779 Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D 780 Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D 781 Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 S 782 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D 783 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 S 784 Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D 785 Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 S 786 Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 S 787 Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 D 788 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D 789 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 S 790 # See Europe/Lisbon for info about the 1912 transition. 791 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 792 Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1911 Dec 31 16:00u 793 8:00 Macau C%sT 794 795 796 ############################################################################### 797 798 # Cyprus 799 800 # Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT. 801 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time. 802 803 # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-09): 804 # Yesterday's Cyprus Mail reports that Northern Cyprus followed Turkey's 805 # lead and switched from +02/+03 to +03 year-round. 806 # http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/09/08/two-time-zones-cyprus-turkey-will-not-turn-clocks-back-next-month/ 807 # 808 # From Even Scharning (2016-10-31): 809 # Looks like the time zone split in Cyprus went through last night. 810 # http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/10/30/cyprus-new-division-two-time-zones-now-reality/ 811 812 # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 813 # Northern Cyprus will reinstate winter time on October 29, thus 814 # staying in sync with the rest of Cyprus. See: Anastasiou A. 815 # Cyprus to remain united in time. Cyprus Mail 2017-10-17. 816 # https://cyprus-mail.com/2017/10/17/cyprus-remain-united-time/ 817 818 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 819 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S 820 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - 821 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 822 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - 823 Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 824 Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 825 Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 826 Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 827 Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 828 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 829 Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 830 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 831 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 832 Zone Asia/Famagusta 2:15:48 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 833 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 834 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 2016 Sep 8 835 3:00 - +03 2017 Oct 29 1:00u 836 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 837 838 # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72. 839 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe. 840 Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia 841 842 # Georgia 843 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19): 844 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward 845 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze, 846 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! 847 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. 848 # 849 # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04): 850 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia 851 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy, 852 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday. 853 # 854 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27): 855 # 856 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet 857 # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it 858 # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours 859 # ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia, 860 # Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process 861 # of integration into Europe. 862 863 # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07): 864 # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on 865 # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years. 866 # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT 867 # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document 868 # about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document, 869 # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time.... 870 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our 871 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month. 872 873 # Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7. 874 # Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11. 875 # Go with Byalokoz. 876 877 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 878 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:11 - LMT 1880 879 2:59:11 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time 880 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar 881 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 882 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 883 3:00 E-EurAsia +03/+04 1994 Sep lastSun 884 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 1996 Oct lastSun 885 4:00 1:00 +05 1997 Mar lastSun 886 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 2004 Jun 27 887 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00 888 4:00 - +04 889 890 # East Timor 891 892 # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition. 893 894 # From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in 895 # East Timor may be late for its millennium 896 # <https://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31): 897 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun 898 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the 899 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it 900 # conflicts with their way of life. 901 902 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): 903 # We don't have any record of the above attempt. 904 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data. 905 906 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General 907 # http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html 908 # (2000-08-16): 909 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided 910 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change, 911 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at 912 # midnight on Saturday, September 16. 913 914 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 915 Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 916 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 21 23:00 917 9:00 - +09 1976 May 3 918 8:00 - +08 2000 Sep 17 0:00 919 9:00 - +09 920 921 # India 922 923 # From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic 924 # https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/ 925 # (2015-12-22): 926 # In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the 927 # outskirts of Bombay.... They were protesting the proposed abolition of 928 # local time in favor of Indian Standard Time.... Journalists called this 929 # dispute the "Battle of the Clocks." It lasted nearly half a century. 930 931 # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20): 932 # Good luck trying to nail down old timekeeping records in India. 933 # "... in the nineteenth century ... Madras Observatory took its magnetic 934 # measurements on Göttingen time, its meteorological measurements on Madras 935 # (local) time, dropped its time ball on Greenwich (ocean navigator's) time, 936 # and distributed civil (local time)." -- Bartky IR. Selling the true time: 937 # 19th-century timekeeping in america. Stanford U Press (2000), 247 note 19. 938 # "A more potent cause of resistance to the general adoption of the present 939 # standard time lies in the fact that it is Madras time. The citizen of 940 # Bombay, proud of being 'primus in Indis' and of Calcutta, equally proud of 941 # his city being the Capital of India, and - for a part of the year - the Seat 942 # of the Supreme Government, alike look down on Madras, and refuse to change 943 # the time they are using, for that of what they regard as a benighted 944 # Presidency; while Madras, having for long given the standard time to the 945 # rest of India, would resist the adoption of any other Indian standard in its 946 # place." -- Oldham RD. On Time in India: a suggestion for its improvement. 947 # Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (April 1899), 49-55. 948 # 949 # "In 1870 ... Madras time - 'now used by the telegraph and regulated from the 950 # only government observatory' - was suggested as a standard railway time, 951 # first to be adopted on the Great Indian Peninsular Railway (GIPR).... 952 # Calcutta, Bombay, and Karachi, were to be allowed to continue with their 953 # local time for civil purposes." - Prasad R. Tracks of Change: Railways and 954 # Everyday Life in Colonial India. Cambridge University Press (2016), 145. 955 # 956 # Reed S, Low F. The Indian Year Book 1936-37. Bennett, Coleman, pp 27-8. 957 # https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.282212 958 # This lists +052110 as Madras local time used in railways, and says that on 959 # 1906-01-01 railways and telegraphs in India switched to +0530. Some 960 # municipalities retained their former time, and the time in Calcutta 961 # continued to depend on whether you were at the railway station or at 962 # government offices. Government time was at +055320 (according to Shanks) or 963 # at +0554 (according to the Indian Year Book). Railway time is more 964 # appropriate for our purposes, as it was better documented, it is what we do 965 # elsewhere (e.g., Europe/London before 1880), and after 1906 it was 966 # consistent in the region now identified by Asia/Kolkata. So, use railway 967 # time for 1870-1941. Shanks is our only (and dubious) source for the 968 # 1941-1945 data. 969 970 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 971 Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1854 Jun 28 # Kolkata 972 5:53:20 - HMT 1870 # Howrah Mean Time? 973 5:21:10 - MMT 1906 Jan 1 # Madras local time 974 5:30 - IST 1941 Oct 975 5:30 1:00 +0630 1942 May 15 976 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 977 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15 978 5:30 - IST 979 # Since 1970 the following are like Asia/Kolkata: 980 # Andaman Is 981 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) 982 # Nicobar Is 983 984 # Indonesia 985 # 986 # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06): 987 # The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia 988 # civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta. 989 # 990 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger: 991 # http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime 992 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some 993 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat 994 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7. 995 # 996 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10): 997 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger. 998 # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in 999 # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and 1000 # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus 1001 # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore. 1002 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change. 1003 # Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions 1004 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched 1005 # from UT +09 to +07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura 1006 # (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura 1007 # switched on 1945-09-23. 1008 # 1009 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11): 1010 # Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in 1011 # Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even 1012 # when writing in English. For example, see the English-language 1013 # summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the 1014 # Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology, 1015 # Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29). 1016 # The time zone abbreviations and UT offsets are: 1017 # 1018 # WIB - +07 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time) 1019 # WITA - +08 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time) 1020 # WIT - +09 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time) 1021 # 1022 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1023 # Java, Sumatra 1024 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10 1025 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13, 1026 # but this must be a typo. 1027 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia 1028 7:20 - +0720 1932 Nov 1029 7:30 - +0730 1942 Mar 23 1030 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23 1031 7:30 - +0730 1948 May 1032 8:00 - +08 1950 May 1033 7:30 - +0730 1964 1034 7:00 - WIB 1035 # west and central Borneo 1036 Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May 1037 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT 1038 7:30 - +0730 1942 Jan 29 1039 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23 1040 7:30 - +0730 1948 May 1041 8:00 - +08 1950 May 1042 7:30 - +0730 1964 1043 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1 1044 7:00 - WIB 1045 # Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo 1046 Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 1047 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT 1048 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 9 1049 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23 1050 8:00 - WITA 1051 # Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua 1052 Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov 1053 9:00 - +09 1944 Sep 1 1054 9:30 - +0930 1964 1055 9:00 - WIT 1056 1057 # Iran 1058 1059 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15): 1060 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian). 1061 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine: 1062 # 1063 # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16] 1064 # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01] 1065 # 1066 # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country 1067 # 1068 # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14], 1069 # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13] 1070 # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs, 1071 # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers 1072 # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and 1073 # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that: 1074 # 1075 # The official time of the country will should move forward one hour 1076 # at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return 1077 # to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of 1078 # Shahrivar. 1079 # 1080 # First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi 1081 # 1082 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed 1083 # for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the 1084 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last 1085 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates.... 1086 # 1087 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05): 1088 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions 1089 # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic 1090 # leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious 1091 # plan to change that law.... 1092 # 1093 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1094 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter. 1095 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates, 1096 # stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow. 1097 # That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar 1098 # calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand. 1099 # 1100 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future 1101 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar: 1102 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for 1103 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local 1104 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be 1105 # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer: 1106 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give 1107 # no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant 1108 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between 1109 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058: 1110 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of 1111 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date 1112 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical). 1113 # 1114 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22): 1115 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore: 1116 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm 1117 # 1118 # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen: 1119 # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce 1120 # daylight saving time ... 1121 # https://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916 1122 # 1123 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05): 1124 # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of 1125 # Iran, Volume 63, No. 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24 1126 # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:... 1127 # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour 1128 # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will 1129 # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the 1130 # thirtieth day of Shahrivar. 1131 # 1132 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1133 Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1134 Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 1135 Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 - 1136 Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 - 1137 Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 - 1138 Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 1139 Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1140 Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1141 Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1142 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 1143 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1144 Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1145 Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1146 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 1147 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1148 Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1149 Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1150 Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 1151 Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1152 Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1153 Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1154 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 1155 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1156 Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1157 Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1158 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 1159 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1160 Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1161 Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1162 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 1163 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1164 Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1165 Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1166 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 1167 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1168 Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1169 Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1170 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 1171 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1172 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1173 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1174 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 1175 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1176 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1177 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1178 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 1179 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1180 # 1181 # The following rules are approximations starting in the year 2038. 1182 # These are the best post-2037 approximations available, given the 1183 # restrictions of a single rule using a Gregorian-based data format. 1184 # At some point this table will need to be extended, though quite 1185 # possibly Iran will change the rules first. 1186 Rule Iran 2036 max - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1187 Rule Iran 2036 max - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1188 1189 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1190 Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 1191 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time 1192 3:30 - +0330 1977 Nov 1193 4:00 Iran +04/+05 1979 1194 3:30 Iran +0330/+0430 1195 1196 1197 # Iraq 1198 # 1199 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12): 1200 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in 1201 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph: 1202 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and 1203 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad." 1204 # 1205 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows: 1206 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi 1207 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred 1208 # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone 1209 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq. 1210 # 1211 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim. 1212 1213 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10): 1214 # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following 1215 # news sources (in Arabic): 1216 # http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html 1217 # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10 1218 # 1219 # We have published a short article in English about the change: 1220 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html 1221 1222 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1223 Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 - 1224 Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1225 Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 - 1226 Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 - 1227 Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1228 Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 - 1229 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo. 1230 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this. 1231 # 1232 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 - 1233 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 - 1234 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1235 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 1236 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time? 1237 3:00 - +03 1982 May 1238 3:00 Iraq +03/+04 1239 1240 1241 ############################################################################### 1242 1243 # Israel 1244 1245 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11): 1246 # 1247 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three 1248 # different abbreviations in use: 1249 # 1250 # JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University] 1251 # IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion] 1252 # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else] 1253 # 1254 # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities, 1255 # I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe, 1256 # EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with 1257 # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go 1258 # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone 1259 # settings in Israeli computers. 1260 # 1261 # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India, 1262 # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's 1263 # family is from India). 1264 1265 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 1266 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1267 Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 1268 Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 1269 Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1270 Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1271 Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 1272 Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 1273 Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D 1274 Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 1275 Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD 1276 Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D 1277 Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 1278 Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 1279 Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 1280 Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S 1281 Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1282 Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S 1283 Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D 1284 Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S 1285 Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D 1286 Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S 1287 Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D 1288 Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S 1289 Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D 1290 Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S 1291 Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 1292 Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S 1293 Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D 1294 Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1295 Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D 1296 Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S 1297 Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D 1298 Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S 1299 Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D 1300 Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S 1301 Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D 1302 Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S 1303 Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 1304 Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1305 1306 # From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05): 1307 # I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the 1308 # [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath 1309 # ends and changes to Sunday. 1310 Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D 1311 Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S 1312 1313 # From Ephraim Silverberg 1314 # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22, 1315 # and 2005-02-17): 1316 1317 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of 1318 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. 1319 # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150 1320 # days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to 1321 # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to 1322 # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a 1323 # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard 1324 # time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard 1325 # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid 1326 # conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to 1327 # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from 1328 # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time 1329 # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for 1330 # 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was 1331 # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it 1332 # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all 1333 # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no 1334 # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date 1335 # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve 1336 # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date 1337 # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement] 1338 # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar). 1339 1340 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1341 Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D 1342 Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1343 Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D 1344 Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S 1345 Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D 1346 Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S 1347 Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D 1348 Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1349 Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D 1350 Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S 1351 1352 # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the 1353 # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by 1354 # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. 1355 1356 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1357 Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1358 Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S 1359 Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 1360 Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1361 1362 # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the 1363 # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 1364 # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: 1365 # 1366 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz 1367 # 1368 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. 1369 # 1370 # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at: 1371 # 1372 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz 1373 # 1374 # where YYYY is the relevant year. 1375 1376 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1377 Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D 1378 Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S 1379 Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1380 Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S 1381 Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D 1382 Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1383 Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D 1384 Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S 1385 1386 # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for 1387 # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the 1388 # years 2001-2004 as well. 1389 # 1390 # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at: 1391 # 1392 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz 1393 # 1394 # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates 1395 # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at: 1396 # 1397 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz 1398 1399 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1400 Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D 1401 Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S 1402 Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D 1403 Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S 1404 Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D 1405 Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S 1406 Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D 1407 Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S 1408 Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D 1409 Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S 1410 1411 # The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on 1412 # 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the 1413 # last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April 1414 # 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday 1415 # night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur. 1416 # 1417 # Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at: 1418 # 1419 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps 1420 1421 # From Paul Eggert (2012-10-26): 1422 # I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program 1423 # <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20) 1424 # along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4, 1425 # to generate the transitions from 2005 through 2012. 1426 # (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.) 1427 # The spring transitions all correspond to the following Rule: 1428 # 1429 # Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1430 # 1431 # but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support 1432 # "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the 1433 # springtime transitions explicitly. 1434 1435 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1436 Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1437 Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 1438 Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1439 Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S 1440 Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1441 Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S 1442 Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 1443 Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1444 Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1445 Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1446 Rule Zion 2012 only - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1447 Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S 1448 1449 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2013-06-27): 1450 # On June 23, 2013, the Israeli government approved changes to the 1451 # Time Decree Law. The next day, the changes passed the First Reading 1452 # in the Knesset. The law is expected to pass the Second and Third 1453 # (final) Readings by the beginning of September 2013. 1454 # 1455 # As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday 1456 # in March. DST ends at 02:00 on the last Sunday of October. 1457 1458 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1459 Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D 1460 Rule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 1461 1462 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1463 Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880 1464 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time? 1465 2:00 Zion I%sT 1466 1467 1468 1469 ############################################################################### 1470 1471 # Japan 1472 1473 # '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris. 1474 1475 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06): 1476 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had 1477 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued 1478 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours." 1479 1480 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times: 1481 # http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm 1482 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on 1483 # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of 1484 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated 1485 # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to 1486 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San 1487 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53% 1488 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who 1489 # wanted to keep it.) 1490 1491 # From Takayuki Nikai (2018-01-19): 1492 # The source of information is Japanese law. 1493 # http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00219480428029.htm 1494 # http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00719500331039.htm 1495 # ... In summary, it is written as follows. From 24:00 on the first Saturday 1496 # in May, until 0:00 on the day after the second Saturday in September. 1497 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1498 Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D 1499 Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sun>=9 0:00 0 S 1500 Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D 1501 Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D 1502 1503 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09): 1504 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical 1505 # Observatory: 139° 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s), 35° 39' 16.0" N. 1506 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996' 1507 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.... 1508 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST). 1509 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07. 1510 1511 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16): 1512 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan, 1513 # which stands for the time on 135° E. 1514 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central 1515 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard 1516 # time", which stands for the time on 120° E.... But "western standard 1517 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No. 1518 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is 1519 # standard.... 1520 # 1521 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate. 1522 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor. 1523 1524 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): 1525 # ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause 1526 # about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. 1527 # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時) 1528 # 1529 # ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which 1530 # means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan 1531 # Central Time (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. 1532 # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件 1533 1534 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1535 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u 1536 9:00 Japan J%sT 1537 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo. 1538 1539 # Jordan 1540 # 1541 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html> 1542 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1543 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight, 1544 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time 1545 # all year round. 1546 # 1547 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html> 1548 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09): 1549 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back 1550 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final! 1551 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in 1552 # government's departments from six to seven hours. 1553 # 1554 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 1555 # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 1556 # 1557 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 1558 # For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year 1559 # about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year. 1560 # 1561 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi: 1562 # http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm 1563 # "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27". 1564 # 1565 1566 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02): 1567 # This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic): 1568 # http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279 1569 # 1570 # Google's translation: 1571 # 1572 # > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely 1573 # > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday 1574 # > of the month of March of each year. 1575 # 1576 # So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002. 1577 1578 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06): 1579 # We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001. 1580 1581 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25): 1582 # Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not 1583 # switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST 1584 # until about the same time next year (at least). 1585 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950 1586 1587 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11): 1588 # Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to 1589 # UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight: 1590 # http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime 1591 # Official, in Arabic: 1592 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14 1593 # ... Our background/permalink about it 1594 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html 1595 # ... 1596 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P 1597 # ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future 1598 # (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule). 1599 1600 # From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11): 1601 # As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST. 1602 1603 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1604 Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S 1605 Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1606 Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1607 Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1608 Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1609 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1610 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1611 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1612 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1613 Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1614 Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1615 Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 1616 Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S 1617 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S 1618 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 1619 Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 1620 Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1621 Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1622 Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 1623 Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 - 1624 Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1625 Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1626 Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 1627 Rule Jordan 2002 2012 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1628 Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 - 1629 Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 - 1630 Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1631 Rule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1632 Rule Jordan 2013 only - Dec 20 0:00 0 - 1633 Rule Jordan 2014 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1634 Rule Jordan 2014 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1635 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1636 Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 1637 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1638 1639 1640 # Kazakhstan 1641 1642 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin No. 11 1643 # <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21): 1644 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing 1645 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health 1646 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity. 1647 # 1648 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28): 1649 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone 1650 # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has 1651 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone 1652 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the 1653 # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtöbe, Atyraū, 1654 # Mangghystaū, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses 1655 # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones 1656 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively. 1657 1658 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27): 1659 # Review of the linked documents from http://adilet.zan.kz/ 1660 # produced the following data for post-1991 Kazakhstan: 1661 # 1662 # 0. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR 1663 # from 1991-02-04 No. 20 1664 # http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102010545 1665 # removed the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of the USSR 1666 # starting with the last Sunday of March 1991. 1667 # It also allowed (but not mandated) Kazakh SSR, Kirghiz SSR, Tajik SSR, 1668 # Turkmen SSR and Uzbek SSR to not have "summer" time. 1669 # 1670 # The 1992-01-13 act also refers to the act of the Cabinet of Ministers 1671 # of the Kazakh SSR from 1991-03-20 No. 170 "About the act of the Cabinet 1672 # of Ministers of the USSR from 1991-02-04 No. 20" but I didn't found its 1673 # text. 1674 # 1675 # According to Izvestia newspaper No. 68 (23334) from 1991-03-20 1676 # (page 6; available at http://libinfo.org/newsr/newsr2574.djvu via 1677 # http://libinfo.org/index.php?id=58564) on 1991-03-31 at 2:00 during 1678 # transition to "summer" time: 1679 # Republic of Georgia, Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, SSR Moldova, 1680 # Estonian SSR; Komi ASSR; Kaliningrad oblast; Nenets autonomous okrug 1681 # were to move clocks 1 hour forward. 1682 # Kazakh SSR (excluding Uralsk oblast); Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Tajik 1683 # SSR; Andijan, Jizzakh, Namangan, Sirdarya, Tashkent, Fergana oblasts 1684 # of the Uzbek SSR were to move clocks 1 hour backwards. 1685 # Other territories were to not move clocks. 1686 # When the "summer" time would end on 1991-09-29, clocks were to be 1687 # moved 1 hour backwards on the territory of the USSR excluding 1688 # Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenia, Tajikistan. 1689 # 1690 # Apparently there were last minute changes. Apparently Kazakh act No. 170 1691 # was one of such changes. 1692 # 1693 # https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Декретное время 1694 # claims that Sovetskaya Rossiya newspaper on 1991-03-29 published that 1695 # Nenets autonomous okrug, Komi and Kazakhstan (excluding Uralsk oblast) 1696 # were to not move clocks and Uralsk oblast was to move clocks 1697 # forward; on 1991-09-29 Kazakhstan was to move clocks backwards. 1698 # (Probably there were changes even after that publication. There is an 1699 # article claiming that Kaliningrad oblast decided on 1991-03-29 to not 1700 # move clocks.) 1701 # 1702 # This implies that on 1991-03-31 Asia/Oral remained on +04/+05 while 1703 # the rest of Kazakhstan switched from +06/+07 to +05/06 or from +05/06 1704 # to +04/+05. It's unclear how Qyzylorda oblast moved into the fifth 1705 # time belt. (By switching from +04/+05 to +05/+06 on 1991-09-29?) ... 1706 # 1707 # 1. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1708 # from 1992-01-13 No. 28 1709 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000028_ 1710 # (text includes modification from the 1996 act) 1711 # introduced new rules for calculation of time, mirroring Russian 1712 # 1992-01-08 act. It specified that time would be calculated 1713 # according to time belts plus extra hour ("decree time"), moved clocks 1714 # on the whole territory of Kazakhstan 1 hour forward on 1992-01-19 at 1715 # 2:00, specified DST rules. It acknowledged that Kazakhstan was 1716 # located in the fourth and the fifth time belts and specified the 1717 # border between them to be located east of Qostanay and Aktyubinsk 1718 # oblasts (notably including Turgai and Qyzylorda oblasts into the fifth 1719 # time belt). 1720 # 1721 # This means switch on 1992-01-19 at 2:00 from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for 1722 # Asia/Aqtau, Asia/Aqtobe, Asia/Oral, Atyraū and Qostanay oblasts; from 1723 # +05/+06 to +06/+07 for Asia/Almaty and Asia/Qyzylorda (and Arkalyk).... 1724 # 1725 # 2. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1726 # from 1992-03-27 No. 284 1727 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000284_ 1728 # cancels extra hour ("decree time") for Uralsk and Qyzylorda oblasts 1729 # since the last Sunday of March 1992, while keeping them in the fourth 1730 # and the fifth time belts respectively. 1731 # 1732 # 3. Order of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1733 # from 1994-09-23 No. 384 1734 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/R940000384_ 1735 # cancels the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of Mangghystaū 1736 # oblast since the last Sunday of September 1994 (saying that time on 1737 # the territory would correspond to the third time belt as a 1738 # result).... 1739 # 1740 # 4. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1741 # from 1996-05-08 No. 575 1742 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P960000575_ 1743 # amends the 1992-01-13 act to end summer time in October instead 1744 # of September, mirroring identical Russian change from 1996-04-23 act. 1745 # 1746 # 5. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1747 # from 1999-03-26 No. 305 1748 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P990000305_ 1749 # cancels the extra hour ("decree time") for Atyraū oblast since the 1750 # last Sunday of March 1999 while retaining the oblast in the fourth 1751 # time belt. 1752 # 1753 # This means change from +05/+06 to +04/+05.... 1754 # 1755 # 6. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1756 # from 2000-11-23 No. 1749 1757 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P000001749_/23.11.2000 1758 # replaces the previous five documents. 1759 # 1760 # The only changes I noticed are in definition of the border between the 1761 # fourth and the fifth time belts. They account for changes in spelling 1762 # and administrative division (splitting of Turgai oblast in 1997 1763 # probably changed time in territories incorporated into Qostanay oblast 1764 # (including Arkalyk) from +06/+07 to +05/+06) and move Qyzylorda oblast 1765 # from being in the fifth time belt and not using decree time into the 1766 # fourth time belt (no change in practice). 1767 # 1768 # 7. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1769 # from 2003-12-29 No. 1342 1770 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P030001342_ 1771 # modified the 2000-11-23 act. No relevant changes, apparently. 1772 # 1773 # 8. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1774 # from 2004-07-20 No. 775 1775 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P040000775_/20.07.2004 1776 # modified the 2000-11-23 act to move Qostanay and Qyzylorda oblasts into 1777 # the fifth time belt and add Aktobe oblast to the list of regions not 1778 # using extra hour ("decree time"), leaving Kazakhstan with only 2 time 1779 # zones (+04/+05 and +06/+07). The changes were to be implemented 1780 # during DST transitions in 2004 and 2005 but the acts got radically 1781 # amended before implementation happened. 1782 # 1783 # 9. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1784 # from 2004-09-15 No. 1059 1785 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P040001059_ 1786 # modified the 2000-11-23 act to remove exceptions from the "decree time" 1787 # (leaving Kazakhstan in +05/+06 and +06/+07 zones), amended the 1788 # 2004-07-20 act to implement changes for Atyraū, West Kazakhstan, 1789 # Qostanay, Qyzylorda and Mangghystaū oblasts by not moving clocks 1790 # during the 2004 transition to "winter" time. 1791 # 1792 # This means transition from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for Atyraū oblast (no 1793 # zone currently), Asia/Oral, Asia/Aqtau and transition from +05/+06 to 1794 # +06/+07 for Qostanay oblast (Qostanay and Arkalyk, no zones currently) 1795 # and Asia/Qyzylorda on 2004-10-31 at 3:00.... 1796 # 1797 # 10. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1798 # from 2005-03-15 No. 231 1799 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P050000231_ 1800 # removes DST provisions from the 2000-11-23 act, removes most of the 1801 # (already implemented) provisions from the 2004-07-20 and 2004-09-15 1802 # acts, comes into effect 10 days after official publication. 1803 # The only practical effect seems to be the abolition of the summer 1804 # time. 1805 # 1806 # Unamended version of the act of the Government of the Russian Federation 1807 # No. 23 from 1992-01-08 [See 'europe' file for details]. 1808 # Kazakh 1992-01-13 act appears to provide the same rules and 1992-03-27 1809 # act was to be enacted on the last Sunday of March 1992. 1810 1811 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-08): 1812 # Turgai reorganization should affect only southern part of Qostanay 1813 # oblast. Which should probably be separated into Asia/Arkalyk zone. 1814 # (There were also 1970, 1988 and 1990 Turgai oblast reorganizations 1815 # according to wikipedia.) 1816 # 1817 # [For Qostanay] http://www.ng.kz/gazeta/195/hranit/ 1818 # suggests that clocks were to be moved 40 minutes backwards on 1819 # 1920-01-01 to the fourth time belt. But I do not understand 1820 # how that could happen.... 1821 # 1822 # [For Atyrau and Oral] 1919 decree 1823 # (http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-1919-02-08.html 1824 # and in Byalokoz) lists Ural river (plus 10 versts on its left bank) in 1825 # the third time belt (before 1930 this means +03). 1826 1827 # From Paul Eggert (2016-12-06): 1828 # The tables below reflect Golosunov's remarks, with exceptions as noted. 1829 1830 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1831 # 1832 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan 1833 # This includes KZ-AKM, KZ-ALA, KZ-ALM, KZ-AST, KZ-BAY, KZ-VOS, KZ-ZHA, 1834 # KZ-KAR, KZ-SEV, KZ-PAV, and KZ-YUZ. 1835 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata 1836 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 1837 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1838 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1839 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1840 6:00 - +06 1841 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) (KZ-KZY) 1842 # This currently includes Qostanay (aka Kostanay, Kustanay) (KZ-KUS); 1843 # see comments below. 1844 Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 1845 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 1846 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 1847 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 1848 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 1849 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1850 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1851 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1852 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 1853 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1854 6:00 - +06 1855 # The following zone is like Asia/Qyzylorda except for being one 1856 # hour earlier from 1991-09-29 to 1992-03-29. The 1991/2 rules for 1857 # Qostanay are unclear partly because of the 1997 Turgai 1858 # reorganization, so this zone is commented out for now. 1859 #Zone Asia/Qostanay 4:14:20 - LMT 1924 May 2 1860 # 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 1861 # 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 1862 # 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 1863 # 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 1864 # 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1865 # 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1866 # 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1867 # 6:00 - +06 1868 # 1869 # Aqtöbe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-AKT) 1870 Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 1871 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 1872 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 1873 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 1874 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 1875 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1876 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1877 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1878 5:00 - +05 1879 # Mangghystaū (KZ-MAN) 1880 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region, 1881 # so include time stamps before 1963. 1882 Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 1883 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 1884 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1 1885 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 1886 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1887 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1888 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1994 Sep 25 2:00s 1889 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1890 5:00 - +05 1891 # Atyraū (KZ-ATY) is like Mangghystaū except it switched from 1892 # +04/+05 to +05/+06 in spring 1999, not fall 1994. 1893 Zone Asia/Atyrau 3:27:44 - LMT 1924 May 2 1894 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 1895 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1 1896 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 1897 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1898 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1899 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1999 Mar 28 2:00s 1900 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1901 5:00 - +05 1902 # West Kazakhstan (KZ-ZAP) 1903 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 1904 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 1905 Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk 1906 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 1907 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 1908 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 1909 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 1910 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 1911 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1912 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 1913 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1914 5:00 - +05 1915 1916 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan) 1917 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 1918 1919 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15): 1920 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway 1921 # http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml 1922 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article 1923 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC. 1924 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21): 1925 # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005. 1926 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving. 1927 1928 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1929 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 - 1930 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1931 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 - 1932 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 - 1933 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1934 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 1935 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 1936 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1937 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Aug 31 2:00 1938 5:00 Kyrgyz +05/+06 2005 Aug 12 1939 6:00 - +06 1940 1941 ############################################################################### 1942 1943 # Korea (North and South) 1944 1945 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10): 1946 # http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012 1947 # Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it 1948 # during the 1950-53 Korean War. The system was temporarily enforced 1949 # between 1987 and 1988 ... 1950 1951 # From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29): 1952 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html 1953 # According to the Korean Wikipedia 1954 # https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시 1955 # [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC] 1956 # DST in Republic of Korea was as follows.... And I checked old 1957 # newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia. 1958 # For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST 1959 # started at June 1 in that year. For another example, the article in 1960 # 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year. 1961 1962 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1963 Rule ROK 1948 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 1964 Rule ROK 1948 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1965 Rule ROK 1949 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 D 1966 Rule ROK 1949 1951 - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 0 S 1967 Rule ROK 1950 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1968 Rule ROK 1951 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D 1969 Rule ROK 1955 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D 1970 Rule ROK 1955 only - Sep 9 0:00 0 S 1971 Rule ROK 1956 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D 1972 Rule ROK 1956 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S 1973 Rule ROK 1957 1960 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D 1974 Rule ROK 1957 1960 - Sep Sun>=18 0:00 0 S 1975 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D 1976 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 3:00 0 S 1977 1978 # From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23): 1979 # The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets: 1980 # 1981 # 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (decree No. 5) 1982 # 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367 1983 # (Announcement No. 338) 1984 # 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17) 1985 # 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07) 1986 # 1987 # (Another source "1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)" was in the 2014-10-30 1988 # edition of the Korean Wikipedia entry.) 1989 # 1990 # I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same 1991 # rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST 1992 # when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII. 1993 # 1994 # For Pyongyang, guess no changes from World War II until 2015, as we 1995 # have no information otherwise. 1996 1997 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07): 1998 # According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to 1999 # the 8:30 time zone on August 15, one example: 2000 # http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049 2001 # 2002 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15): 2003 # Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations. See: 2004 # Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time' 2005 # http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html 2006 # There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone. 2007 # Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK. 2008 2009 # From Kang Seonghoon (2018-04-29): 2010 # North Korea will revert its time zone from UTC+8:30 (PYT; Pyongyang 2011 # Time) back to UTC+9 (KST; Korea Standard Time). 2012 # 2013 # From Seo Sanghyeon (2018-04-30): 2014 # Rodong Sinmun 2018-04-30 announced Pyongyang Time transition plan. 2015 # https://www.nknews.org/kcna/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2018/04/rodong-2018-04-30.pdf 2016 # ... the transition date is 2018-05-05 ... Citation should be Decree 2017 # No. 2232 of April 30, 2018, of the Presidium of the Supreme People's 2018 # Assembly, as published in Rodong Sinmun. 2019 # From Tim Parenti (2018-04-29): 2020 # It appears to be the front page story at the top in the right-most column. 2021 2022 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2023 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 2024 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 2025 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8 2026 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 2027 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 2028 9:00 ROK K%sT 2029 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 2030 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 2031 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24 2032 9:00 - KST 2015 Aug 15 00:00 2033 8:30 - KST 2018 May 5 2034 9:00 - KST 2035 2036 ############################################################################### 2037 2038 # Kuwait 2039 # See Asia/Riyadh. 2040 2041 # Laos 2042 # See Asia/Bangkok. 2043 2044 2045 # Lebanon 2046 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2047 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 2048 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 2049 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 2050 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 2051 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2052 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 2053 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 2054 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 2055 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2056 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2057 Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S 2058 Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2059 Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2060 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 2061 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 2062 Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2063 Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 2064 Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2065 Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 2066 Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2067 Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 2068 Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 2069 Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 2070 Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 2071 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2072 Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 2073 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT 2074 2075 # Malaysia 2076 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2077 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 - 2078 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - 2079 # 2080 # peninsular Malaysia 2081 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 2082 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html 2083 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2084 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 2085 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 2086 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1 2087 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1 2088 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1 2089 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16 2090 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 2091 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1 2092 8:00 - +08 2093 # Sabah & Sarawak 2094 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12): 2095 # The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 2096 # and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng. 2097 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2098 Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar 2099 7:30 - +0730 1933 2100 8:00 NBorneo +08/+0820 1942 Feb 16 2101 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 2102 8:00 - +08 2103 2104 # Maldives 2105 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2106 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Malé 2107 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Malé Mean Time 2108 5:00 - +05 2109 2110 # Mongolia 2111 2112 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but 2113 # The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World 2114 # (2005-03) both say that it has just one. 2115 2116 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11): 2117 # General Information Mongolia 2118 # <http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm> (1999-09) 2119 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of 2120 # Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and 2121 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus 2122 # eight hours." 2123 2124 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13): 2125 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998 2126 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am 2127 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time 2128 # of implementation may have been different.... 2129 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time 2130 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod, 2131 # Sükhbaatar, and possibly Khentii. 2132 2133 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15): 2134 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia. 2135 # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone; 2136 # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us, 2137 # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd 2138 # is good enough for our purposes. 2139 2140 # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13): 2141 # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier 2142 # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28), 2143 # there are three time zones. 2144 # 2145 # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai 2146 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv, 2147 # Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi 2148 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar 2149 # 2150 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.] 2151 2152 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17): 2153 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March. 2154 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of 2155 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001. 2156 # 2157 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17): 2158 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs 2159 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them. 2160 2161 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26): 2162 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones. 2163 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says 2164 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft 2165 # Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that 2166 # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UT +07, +08) with no DST. 2167 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in 2168 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed. 2169 # He also found 2170 # http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1& 2171 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius" 2172 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones. 2173 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT 2174 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT. 2175 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the 2176 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session." 2177 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation. 2178 2179 # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26): 2180 # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February. 2181 # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time.... 2182 # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742 2183 2184 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30): 2185 # We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for 2186 # Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT 2187 # +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz 2188 # database on this, e.g.: 2189 # 2190 # https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026 2191 # http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx 2192 # 2193 # both say GMT+08:00. 2194 2195 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31): 2196 # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight 2197 # schedule here: 2198 # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112 2199 # (click the English flag for English) 2200 # 2201 # There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive 2202 # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the 2203 # direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern 2204 # direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are 2205 # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and 2206 # Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed). 2207 2208 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 2209 # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00. 2210 # XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition 2211 # was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report); 2212 # this is almost surely wrong. 2213 2214 # From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2015-03-10): 2215 # It seems like yesterday Mongolian Government meeting has concluded to use 2216 # daylight saving time in Mongolia.... Starting at 2:00AM of last Saturday of 2217 # March 2015, daylight saving time starts. And 00:00AM of last Saturday of 2218 # September daylight saving time ends. Source: 2219 # http://zasag.mn/news/view/8969 2220 2221 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2222 Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 - 2223 Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2224 # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, 2225 # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM 2226 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998. 2227 # 2228 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches 2229 # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place 2230 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of 2231 # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their 2232 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly 2233 # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now. 2234 2235 # From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2017-02-09): 2236 # Mongolian Government meeting has concluded today to cancel daylight 2237 # saving time adoption in Mongolia. Source: http://zasag.mn/news/view/16192 2238 2239 Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 - 2240 Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 2241 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST. 2242 Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 - 2243 Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 - 2244 Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 - 2245 Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 - 2246 Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Sep lastSat 0:00 0 - 2247 2248 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2249 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta 2250 Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug 2251 6:00 - +06 1978 2252 7:00 Mongol +07/+08 2253 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga 2254 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug 2255 7:00 - +07 1978 2256 8:00 Mongol +08/+09 2257 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan, 2258 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan 2259 Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug 2260 7:00 - +07 1978 2261 8:00 - +08 1983 Apr 2262 9:00 Mongol +09/+10 2008 Mar 31 2263 8:00 Mongol +08/+09 2264 2265 # Nepal 2266 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2267 Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 2268 5:30 - +0530 1986 2269 5:45 - +0545 2270 2271 # Oman 2272 # See Asia/Dubai. 2273 2274 # Pakistan 2275 2276 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): 2277 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a 2278 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 2279 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was 2280 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the 2281 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on. 2282 2283 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15): 2284 # Jesper Nørgaard found this URL: 2285 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm 2286 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to 2287 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first 2288 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on 2289 # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00, 2290 # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like 2291 # it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday 2292 # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the 2293 # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02. 2294 2295 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): 2296 # DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05 2297 # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now. 2298 2299 # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14): 2300 # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm 2301 # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year: 2302 # 2303 # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh 2304 # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous 2305 # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by 2306 # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy. 2307 # 2308 # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather 2309 # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity. 2310 2311 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15): 2312 # 2313 # Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time 2314 # on June 1, 2008 for 3 months. 2315 # 2316 # "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to 2317 # help reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 2318 # 9pm and moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. ...." 2319 # 2320 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html 2321 # http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4 2322 2323 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 2324 # XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess. 2325 2326 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 2327 # Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced 2328 # for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31 2329 # instead of August 31. 2330 # 2331 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html 2332 # http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html 2333 2334 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08): 2335 # Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to 2336 # advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance 2337 # to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in 2338 # official working." 2339 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280 2340 # 2341 # recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to 2342 # introduce DST from April 15, 2009 2343 # 2344 # FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan 2345 # April 08, 2009 2346 # Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15 2347 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1 2348 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html 2349 # 2350 # .... 2351 # The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to 2352 # advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to 2353 # conserve energy" 2354 2355 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17): 2356 # "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal 2357 # Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the 2358 # clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to 2359 # this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in 2360 # this regard." 2361 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168 2362 2363 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28): 2364 # According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 2365 # Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from 2366 # October 1, 2009. 2367 # 2368 # "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct" 2369 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2 2370 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm 2371 # 2372 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29): 2373 # Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date: 2374 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742 2375 # "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1. 2376 # Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on 2377 # Monday." 2378 # 2379 # And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year: 2380 # "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour 2381 # on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without 2382 # obtaining prior approval, the officials added." 2383 # 2384 # We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of 2385 # Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company: 2386 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html 2387 2388 # From Christoph Göhre (2009-10-01): 2389 # [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan 2390 # will go back to standard time on 1st of November. 2391 2392 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26): 2393 # Steffen Thorsen wrote: 2394 # > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in 2395 # > Pakistan on 2010-04-01. 2396 # > 2397 # > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the 2398 # > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time 2399 # > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but 2400 # > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15. 2401 # Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final: 2402 # 2403 # "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks" 2404 # http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041 2405 # 2406 # "People laud PM's announcement to end DST" 2407 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2 2408 2409 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2410 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S 2411 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 2412 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2413 Rule Pakistan 2008 2009 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2414 Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 2415 2416 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2417 Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907 2418 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep 2419 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15 2420 5:30 - +0530 1951 Sep 30 2421 5:00 - +05 1971 Mar 26 2422 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time 2423 2424 # Palestine 2425 2426 # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15): 2427 # 2428 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now 2429 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule. 2430 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too... 2431 # 2432 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05 2433 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no 2434 # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt, 2435 # though. 2436 # 2437 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally 2438 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from 2439 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the 2440 # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major 2441 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and 2442 # East Jerusalem. 2443 # 2444 # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except 2445 # for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might 2446 # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware 2447 # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer 2448 # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected). 2449 # 2450 # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most 2451 # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to 2452 # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to 2453 # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't 2454 # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the 2455 # Jordanian one). 2456 # 2457 # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that: 2458 # 2459 # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996- 2460 # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- 2461 # Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion 2462 # West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan 2463 # Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan 2464 # 2465 # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they 2466 # have one). 2467 2468 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2469 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go 2470 # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947, 2471 # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996. 2472 # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since 2473 # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about 2474 # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. 2475 # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries 2476 # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules 2477 # to Palestine's rules. 2478 2479 # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time, 2480 # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg: 2481 # 2482 # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time 2483 # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks 2484 # one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule, 2485 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April. 2486 2487 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): 2488 # Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc 2489 # http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html 2490 # (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that 2491 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15. 2492 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source). 2493 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00, 2494 # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October. 2495 2496 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 2497 # Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 2498 2499 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 2500 # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of 2501 # the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think 2502 # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks 2503 # earlier - the same goes for Jordan. 2504 2505 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17): 2506 # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the 2507 # same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I 2508 # was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not 2509 # able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if 2510 # Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as 2511 # the West Bank. 2512 2513 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26): 2514 # according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19): 2515 # http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5 2516 # > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule 2517 # > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn 2518 # > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week. 2519 # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well, 2520 # because of the Ramadan. 2521 2522 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-09-18): 2523 # According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the 2524 # Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00. 2525 2526 # From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20): 2527 # My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when 2528 # the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit 2529 # surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree. 2530 # For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be 2531 # the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00. 2532 2533 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 2534 # Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan. 2535 # 2536 # Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while 2537 # the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008). 2538 # 2539 # http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001 2540 # http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087 2541 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html 2542 2543 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26): 2544 # According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian 2545 # government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March 2546 # 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009. 2547 # 2548 # (in Arabic) 2549 # http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850 2550 # 2551 # (English translation) 2552 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html 2553 2554 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31): 2555 # Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to 2556 # winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04. 2557 # 2558 # One news source: 2559 # http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158 2560 # (Palestinian press agency, Arabic), 2561 # Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah 2562 # headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of 2563 # 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty 2564 # minutes per hour as of Friday morning." 2565 # 2566 # We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different 2567 # end date, we will keep this page updated: 2568 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html 2569 2570 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02): 2571 # Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank. 2572 # 2573 # According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan 2574 # to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009. 2575 # 2576 # "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza" 2577 # (from Palestinian National Authority): 2578 # http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 2579 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html 2580 2581 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19): 2582 # According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March 2583 # 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri 2584 # (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?) 2585 # 2586 # http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697 2587 # (in Arabic) 2588 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html 2589 2590 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24): 2591 # ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will 2592 # start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or 2593 # noon though: 2594 # 2595 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178 2596 # (Ma'an News Agency) 2597 # "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to 2598 # 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning." 2599 2600 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11): 2601 # According to several sources, including 2602 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795 2603 # the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in 2604 # Gaza and the West Bank. 2605 # Some more background info: 2606 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html 2607 2608 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26): 2609 # Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of 2610 # August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30 2611 # 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of 2612 # Ramadan. 2613 # 2614 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217 2615 # Additional info: 2616 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html 2617 2618 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27): 2619 # According to the article in The Jerusalem Post: 2620 # "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to 2621 # move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the 2622 # Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back. 2623 # The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after 2624 # the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..." 2625 # ... 2626 # https://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650 2627 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html 2628 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file. 2629 2630 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30): 2631 # West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30 2632 # 00:00). 2633 # So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again. 2634 # 2635 # Many sources, including: 2636 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808 2637 2638 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 2639 # Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST 2640 # on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00). 2641 # Some of many sources in Arabic: 2642 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638 2643 # 2644 # http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html 2645 # 2646 # Our brief summary: 2647 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html 2648 2649 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26): 2650 # The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving 2651 # time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated). 2652 # [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.] 2653 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120 2654 # http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html 2655 2656 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24): 2657 # The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight 2658 # (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...). 2659 # This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect 2660 # at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip": 2661 # http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246 2662 # official source...: 2663 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252 2664 2665 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-03-03): 2666 # Sources such as http://www.alquds.com/news/article/view/id/548257 2667 # and https://www.raya.ps/ar/news/890705.html say Palestine areas will 2668 # start DST on 2015-03-28 00:00 which is one day later than expected. 2669 # 2670 # From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03): 2671 # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/ramallah?year=2014 2672 # says that the fall 2014 transition was Oct 23 at 24:00. 2673 2674 # From Hannah Kreitem (2016-03-09): 2675 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/ar/ViewDetails?ID=31728 2676 # [Google translation]: "The Council also decided to start daylight 2677 # saving in Palestine as of one o'clock on Saturday morning, 2678 # 2016-03-26, to provide the clock 60 minutes ahead." 2679 2680 # From Sharef Mustafa (2016-10-19): 2681 # [T]he Palestinian cabinet decision (Mar 8th 2016) published on 2682 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/Upload/Decree/GOV_17/16032016134830.pdf 2683 # states that summer time will end on Oct 29th at 01:00. 2684 # 2685 # From Tim Parenti (2016-10-19): 2686 # Predict fall transitions on October's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on. 2687 # This is consistent with the 2016 transition as well as our spring 2688 # predictions. 2689 # 2690 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-19): 2691 # It's also consistent with predictions in the following URLs today: 2692 # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/gaza-strip/gaza 2693 # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/hebron 2694 2695 # From Sharef Mustafa (2018-03-16): 2696 # Palestine summer time will start on Mar 24th 2018 by advancing the 2697 # clock by 60 minutes as per Palestinian cabinet decision published on 2698 # the official website, though the decree did not specify the exact 2699 # time of the time shift. 2700 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/Website/AR/NDecrees/ViewFile.ashx?ID=e7a42ab7-ee23-435a-b9c8-a4f7e81f3817 2701 # 2702 # From Paul Eggert (2018-03-16): 2703 # For 2016 on, predict spring transitions on March's fourth Saturday at 01:00. 2704 2705 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2706 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 2707 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2708 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2709 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 2710 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 2711 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 2712 2713 Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S 2714 Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 2715 Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 2716 Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 2717 Rule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2718 Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2719 Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 - 2720 Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2721 Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 2722 Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 - 2723 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2724 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 - 2725 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S 2726 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 2727 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S 2728 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 2729 Rule Palestine 2012 2014 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 2730 Rule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 - 2731 Rule Palestine 2013 only - Sep Fri>=21 0:00 0 - 2732 Rule Palestine 2014 2015 - Oct Fri>=21 0:00 0 - 2733 Rule Palestine 2015 only - Mar lastFri 24:00 1:00 S 2734 Rule Palestine 2016 max - Mar Sat>=22 1:00 1:00 S 2735 Rule Palestine 2016 max - Oct lastSat 1:00 0 - 2736 2737 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2738 Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct 2739 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15 2740 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 2741 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 2742 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2743 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00 2744 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep 2745 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010 2746 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01 2747 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1 2748 2:00 - EET 2012 2749 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2750 2751 Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct 2752 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15 2753 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 2754 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 2755 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2756 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2757 2758 # Paracel Is 2759 # no information 2760 2761 # Philippines 2762 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the 2763 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to 2764 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's 2765 # History of the International Date Line 2766 # https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm 2767 # The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger. 2768 2769 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26): 2770 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990: 2771 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/ 2772 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires, 2773 # but no details] 2774 2775 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14): 2776 # The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again 2777 # March-June, but this is not definite. It also says DST was last proclaimed 2778 # during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details. 2779 # Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time. 2780 # Philippine Star 2014-08-05 2781 # http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time 2782 2783 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2784 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 - 2785 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 - 2786 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 - 2787 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 - 2788 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 2789 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 2790 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2791 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 2792 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11 2793 8:00 Phil +08/+09 1942 May 2794 9:00 - +09 1944 Nov 2795 8:00 Phil +08/+09 2796 2797 # Qatar 2798 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2799 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha 2800 4:00 - +04 1972 Jun 2801 3:00 - +03 2802 Link Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain 2803 2804 # Saudi Arabia 2805 # 2806 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15): 2807 # Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not 2808 # standardized until relatively recently; we don't know when, and possibly it 2809 # has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to 2810 # modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines 2811 # observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar 2812 # time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12 2813 # o'clock for "Arab" time). 2814 # 2815 # The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best 2816 # we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics 2817 # Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated 2818 # a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and 2819 # Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the 2820 # earlier date. 2821 # 2822 # Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two 2823 # time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of 2824 # the country. Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff. 2825 # 2826 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2827 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14 2828 3:00 - +03 2829 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden # Yemen 2830 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait 2831 2832 # Singapore 2833 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 2834 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html 2835 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2836 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 2837 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 2838 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1 2839 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1 2840 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1 2841 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16 2842 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 2843 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1 2844 8:00 - +08 2845 2846 # Spratly Is 2847 # no information 2848 2849 # Sri Lanka 2850 2851 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 2852 # Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo 2853 # mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably 2854 # from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with 2855 # Shanks and Pottenger. 2856 2857 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 2858 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout" 2859 # (<http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html>, 1996-05-24, 2860 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17) 2861 # reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at 2862 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'." 2863 # 2864 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted 2865 # by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section 2866 # <news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net> (1996-10-26): 2867 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996 2868 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT. 2869 2870 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online 2871 # <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13): 2872 # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes) 2873 # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006). 2874 2875 # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in: 2876 # http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML 2877 # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply 2878 # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean 2879 # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India. 2880 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18): 2881 # People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'], 2882 # as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970. 2883 2884 # From Sadika Sumanapala (2016-10-19): 2885 # According to http://www.sltime.org (maintained by Measurement Units, 2886 # Standards & Services Department, Sri Lanka) abbreviation for Sri Lanka 2887 # standard time is SLST. 2888 # 2889 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-18): 2890 # "SLST" seems to be reasonably recent and rarely-used outside time 2891 # zone nerd sources. I searched Google News and found three uses of 2892 # it in the International Business Times of India in February and 2893 # March of this year when discussing cricket match times, but nothing 2894 # since then (though there has been a lot of cricket) and nothing in 2895 # other English-language news sources. Our old abbreviation "LKT" is 2896 # even worse. For now, let's use a numeric abbreviation; we can 2897 # switch to "SLST" if it catches on. 2898 2899 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2900 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880 2901 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time 2902 5:30 - +0530 1942 Jan 5 2903 5:30 0:30 +06 1942 Sep 2904 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 16 2:00 2905 5:30 - +0530 1996 May 25 0:00 2906 6:30 - +0630 1996 Oct 26 0:30 2907 6:00 - +06 2006 Apr 15 0:30 2908 5:30 - +0530 2909 2910 # Syria 2911 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2912 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 2913 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 2914 Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S 2915 Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2916 Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 2917 Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2918 Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2919 Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2920 Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S 2921 Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2922 Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 2923 Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 - 2924 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S 2925 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2926 Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S 2927 Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 - 2928 Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S 2929 Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 2930 Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S 2931 Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 2932 Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2933 Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S 2934 Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2935 Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2936 Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2937 Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S 2938 Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2939 Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 2940 # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02; 2941 # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02, 2942 # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31; 2943 # (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22; 2944 # for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger, 2945 # except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan). 2946 Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2947 Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2948 Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S 2949 Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2950 # From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18): 2951 # According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC] 2952 # this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt. 2953 Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2954 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 2955 # Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday." 2956 # http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php 2957 Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2958 # From Jesper Nørgaard (2007-10-27): 2959 # The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will 2960 # not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or 2961 # rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than 2962 # having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the 2963 # weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now 2964 # it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend... 2965 # 2966 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27): 2967 # Jesper Nørgaard Welen wrote: 2968 # 2969 # > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1 2970 # > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour." 2971 # 2972 # I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic): 2973 # http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247 2974 # 2975 # which using Google's translate tools says: 2976 # Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on 2977 # identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th 2978 # minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007. 2979 Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 2980 2981 # From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17): 2982 # For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for 2983 # this month (March 2008) in the last day or so.... 2984 # Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST 2985 # Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date 2986 # Variation 2987 # Syrian Arab 2988 # Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300 2989 # 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300 2990 # 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300 2991 2992 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17): 2993 # Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News 2994 # Agency (SANA)... 2995 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm 2996 # ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the 2997 # Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April 2998 # 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd." 2999 # Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times 3000 # shown above match up with midnight in Syria. 3001 3002 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 3003 # My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1"; 3004 # coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone 3005 # compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel). 3006 # For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end. 3007 3008 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07): 3009 # Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year, 3010 # according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA). 3011 # 3012 # The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to 3013 # winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting 3014 # clocks back 60 minutes). 3015 # 3016 # http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm 3017 3018 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19): 3019 # Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources, 3020 # two examples: 3021 # 3022 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm 3023 # (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency) 3024 # http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209 3025 # (Arabic, gov-site) 3026 # 3027 # We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year. 3028 # 3029 # Our summary 3030 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html 3031 3032 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27): 3033 # The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will 3034 # revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday 3035 # 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30: 3036 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic) 3037 3038 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 3039 # We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last 3040 # Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or 3041 # something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday. 3042 3043 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17): 3044 # The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of 3045 # Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday 3046 # 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday): 3047 # http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic) 3048 3049 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 3050 # Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday 3051 # (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years. 3052 # 3053 # From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic: 3054 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm 3055 # 3056 # Our brief summary: 3057 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html 3058 3059 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27): 3060 # Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX. 3061 3062 Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 3063 Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 3064 Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 3065 Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 3066 Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 3067 Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 - 3068 3069 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3070 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq 3071 2:00 Syria EE%sT 3072 3073 # Tajikistan 3074 # From Shanks & Pottenger. 3075 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3076 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 3077 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 3078 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3079 5:00 1:00 +05/+06 1991 Sep 9 2:00s 3080 5:00 - +05 3081 3082 # Thailand 3083 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3084 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880 3085 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time 3086 7:00 - +07 3087 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh # Cambodia 3088 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane # Laos 3089 3090 # Turkmenistan 3091 # From Shanks & Pottenger. 3092 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3093 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad 3094 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 3095 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00 3096 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00 3097 5:00 - +05 3098 3099 # United Arab Emirates 3100 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3101 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920 3102 4:00 - +04 3103 Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat # Oman 3104 3105 # Uzbekistan 3106 # Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53. 3107 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3108 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2 3109 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 3110 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 3111 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 3112 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 3113 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 3114 5:00 - +05 3115 # Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest. 3116 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2 3117 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 3118 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00 3119 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 3120 5:00 - +05 3121 3122 # Vietnam 3123 3124 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04): 3125 # Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being 3126 # used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways 3127 # from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks 3128 # and Pottenger for LMT before 1906. 3129 3130 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 3131 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh 3132 # City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters. 3133 3134 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-21) after a heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân: 3135 # Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)" 3136 # (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50, 3137 # is quoted verbatim in: 3138 # http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01 3139 # is translated by Brian Inglis in: 3140 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html 3141 # and is the basis for the information below. 3142 # 3143 # The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to 3144 # Phù Liễn Observatory, legally 104° 17' 17" east of Paris. 3145 # It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or 3146 # the Paris Meridian (2° 20' 14.03" E); the former yields 07:06:30.1333... 3147 # and the latter 07:06:29.333... so either way it rounds to 07:06:30, 3148 # which is used below even though the modern-day Phù Liễn Observatory 3149 # is closer to 07:06:31. Abbreviate Phù Liễn Mean Time as PLMT. 3150 # 3151 # The following transitions occurred in Indochina in general (before 1954) 3152 # and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954): 3153 # To 07:00 on 1911-05-01. 3154 # To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00. 3155 # To 09:00 in 1945-03-14 at 23:00. 3156 # To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam. 3157 # To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina. 3158 # To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam. 3159 # To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam. 3160 # To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam. 3161 # 3162 # Trần cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above. 3163 # 3164 # Hoàng Xuân Hãn: "Lịch và lịch Việt Nam". Tập san Khoa học Xã hội, 3165 # No. 9, Paris, February 1982. 3166 # 3167 # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch và niên biểu lịch sử hai mươi thế kỷ (0001-2010)", 3168 # NXB Thống kê, Hanoi, 2000. 3169 # 3170 # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu", 3171 # NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995. 3172 3173 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3174 Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1 3175 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 # Phù Liễn MT 3176 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00 3177 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00 3178 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2 3179 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1 3180 8:00 - +08 1955 Jul 1 3181 7:00 - +07 1959 Dec 31 23:00 3182 8:00 - +08 1975 Jun 13 3183 7:00 - +07 3184 3185 # Yemen 3186 # See Asia/Riyadh.