1 # 2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 3 # 4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this 7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 9 # 10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 14 # accompanied this code). 15 # 16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 19 # 20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 22 # questions. 23 # 24 # tzdb data for Asia and environs 25 26 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 27 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 28 29 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 30 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 31 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 32 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 33 34 # From Paul Eggert (2018-06-19): 35 # 36 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 37 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 38 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 39 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 40 # 41 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 42 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport 43 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 44 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 45 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 46 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 47 # 48 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 49 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 50 # I found in the UCLA library. 51 # 52 # For data circa 1899, a common source is: 53 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 54 # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 55 # 56 # For Russian data circa 1919, a source is: 57 # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919. 58 # (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.) 59 # 60 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 61 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 62 # 63 # The following alphabetic abbreviations appear in these tables 64 # (corrections are welcome): 65 # std dst 66 # LMT Local Mean Time 67 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time 68 # 2:00 IST IDT Israel 69 # 5:30 IST India 70 # 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat) 71 # 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah) 72 # 8:00 CST China 73 # 8:00 PST PDT* Philippine Standard Time 74 # 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830 75 # 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur) 76 # 9:00 JST JDT Japan 77 # 9:00 KST KDT Korea when at +09 78 # 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time 79 # *I invented the abbreviation PDT; see "Philippines" below. 80 # Otherwise, these tables typically use numeric abbreviations like +03 81 # and +0330 for integer hour and minute UT offsets. Although earlier 82 # editions invented alphabetic time zone abbreviations for every 83 # offset, this did not reflect common practice. 84 # 85 # See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia. 86 87 # From Guy Harris: 88 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as 89 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental 90 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - 91 # Worldwide Edition). 92 93 ############################################################################### 94 95 # These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file. 96 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 97 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 98 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 99 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 100 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 - 101 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 102 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 103 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 - 104 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 105 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 106 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 107 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 108 109 # Afghanistan 110 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 111 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 112 4:00 - +04 1945 113 4:30 - +0430 114 115 # Armenia 116 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 117 # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) 118 # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then 119 # readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even 120 # when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz 121 # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST 122 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that 123 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, 124 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. 125 126 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): 127 # While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to 128 # follow Russia's "old" rules. 129 130 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10): 131 # According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012, 132 # http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html 133 # 134 # The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the 135 # Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of 136 # Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time. 137 # or 138 # (brief) 139 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html 140 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 141 Rule Armenia 2011 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 142 Rule Armenia 2011 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 143 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 144 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 145 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar 146 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 147 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1995 Sep 24 2:00s 148 4:00 - +04 1997 149 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2011 150 4:00 Armenia +04/+05 151 152 # Azerbaijan 153 154 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23): 155 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997 156 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-17): It was Resolution No. 21 (1997-03-17). 157 # http://code.az/files/daylight_res.pdf 158 159 # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-17): 160 # ... the Azerbaijani Cabinet of Ministers has cancelled switching to 161 # daylight saving time.... 162 # https://www.azernews.az/azerbaijan/94137.html 163 # http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Azerbaijani-Cabinet-of-Ministers-cancels-daylight-saving-time.html 164 # http://en.apa.az/xeber_azerbaijan_abolishes_daylight_savings_ti_240862.html 165 166 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 167 Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 - 168 Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 - 169 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 170 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 171 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar 172 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 173 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 Sep lastSun 2:00s 174 4:00 - +04 1996 175 4:00 EUAsia +04/+05 1997 176 4:00 Azer +04/+05 177 178 # Bahrain 179 # See Asia/Qatar. 180 181 # Bangladesh 182 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13): 183 # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce 184 # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30 185 # 186 # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16 187 # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288 188 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html 189 # 190 # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from 191 # June 192 # 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with 193 # crippling power crisis. " 194 # 195 # The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if 196 # implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010 197 198 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02): 199 # They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between 200 # the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet. 201 # 202 # Some sources: 203 # https://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601 204 # http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2 205 # 206 # Our wrap-up: 207 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html 208 209 # From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15): 210 # Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start 211 # time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh 212 # Telecommunication Regulatory Commission). 213 # 214 # No DST end date has been announced yet. 215 216 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25): 217 # Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009, 218 # instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision. 219 # 220 # Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday": 221 # "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1" 222 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021 223 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html 224 225 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13): 226 # IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports: 227 # Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make 228 # maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would 229 # "continue for an indefinite period." 230 # 231 # One of many places where it is published: 232 # http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html 233 234 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24): 235 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 236 # Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009. 237 # 238 # Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night. 239 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228 240 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html 241 # 242 # "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour 243 # on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31, 244 # 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime 245 # Minister's Office last night..." 246 247 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22): 248 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 249 # Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time 250 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817 251 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html 252 253 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 254 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 - 255 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 - 256 257 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 258 Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 259 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 260 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 15 261 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep 262 6:30 - +0630 1951 Sep 30 263 6:00 - +06 2009 264 6:00 Dhaka +06/+07 265 266 # Bhutan 267 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 268 Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu 269 5:30 - +0530 1987 Oct 270 6:00 - +06 271 272 # British Indian Ocean Territory 273 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the 274 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996. 275 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced; 276 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which 277 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago). 278 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 279 Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 280 5:00 - +05 1996 281 6:00 - +06 282 283 # Brunei 284 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 285 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 286 7:30 - +0730 1933 287 8:00 - +08 288 289 # Burma / Myanmar 290 291 # Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon. 292 293 # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20): 294 # Page 27 of Reed & Low (cited for Asia/Kolkata) says "Rangoon local time is 295 # used upon the railways and telegraphs of Burma, and is 6h. 24m. 47s. ahead 296 # of Greenwich." This refers to the period before Burma's transition to +0630, 297 # a transition for which Shanks is the only source. 298 299 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 300 Zone Asia/Yangon 6:24:47 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon 301 6:24:47 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon local time 302 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 303 9:00 - +09 1945 May 3 304 6:30 - +0630 305 306 # Cambodia 307 # See Asia/Bangkok. 308 309 310 # China 311 312 # From Paul Eggert (2018-10-02): 313 # The following comes from Table 1 of: 314 # Li Yu. Research on the daylight saving movement in 1940s Shanghai. 315 # Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences. 2014;(2):144-50. 316 # http://oversea.cnki.net/kns55/detail.aspx?dbname=CJFD2014&filename=NJSH201402020 317 # The table lists dates only; I am guessing 00:00 and 24:00 transition times. 318 # Also, the table lists the planned end of DST in 1949, but the corresponding 319 # zone line cuts this off on May 28, when the Communists took power. 320 # 321 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 322 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 323 Rule Shang 1940 only - Oct 12 24:00 0 S 324 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D 325 Rule Shang 1941 only - Nov 1 24:00 0 S 326 Rule Shang 1942 only - Jan 31 0:00 1:00 D 327 Rule Shang 1945 only - Sep 1 24:00 0 S 328 Rule Shang 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 329 Rule Shang 1946 only - Sep 30 24:00 0 S 330 Rule Shang 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 331 Rule Shang 1947 only - Oct 31 24:00 0 S 332 Rule Shang 1948 1949 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 333 Rule Shang 1948 1949 - Sep 30 24:00 0 S #plan 334 335 # From Guy Harris: 336 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. 337 338 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 339 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though 340 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the 341 # Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China 342 # has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of 343 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. 344 # 345 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too 346 # painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for 347 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): 348 # 349 # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 350 # 1987 mid-April - ?? 351 352 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): 353 # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN 354 # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 355 356 # From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11): 357 # Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight 358 # time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began 359 # observing daylight saving time in 1986. 360 361 # From P Chan (2018-05-07): 362 # The start and end time of DST in China [from 1986 on] should be 2:00 363 # (i.e. 2:00 to 3:00 at the start and 2:00 to 1:00 at the end).... 364 # Government notices about summer time: 365 # 366 # 1986-04-12 http://www.zj.gov.cn/attach/zfgb/198608.pdf p.21-22 367 # (To establish summer time from 1986. On 4 May, set the clocks ahead one hour 368 # at 2 am. On 14 September, set the clocks backward one hour at 2 am.) 369 # 370 # 1987-02-15 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1987/gwyb198703.pdf p.114 371 # (Summer time in 1987 to start from 12 April until 13 September) 372 # 373 # 1987-09-09 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1987/gwyb198721.pdf p.709 374 # (From 1988, summer time to start from 2 am of the first Sunday of mid-April 375 # until 2 am of the first Sunday of mid-September) 376 # 377 # 1992-03-03 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1992/gwyb199205.pdf p.152 378 # (To suspend summer time from 1992) 379 # 380 # The first page of People's Daily on 12 April 1988 stating that summer time 381 # to begin on 17 April. 382 # http://data.people.com.cn/pic/101p/1988/04/1988041201.jpg 383 384 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 385 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 2:00 1:00 D 386 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 2:00 0 S 387 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=11 2:00 1:00 D 388 389 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20): 390 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five 391 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official 392 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949). 393 # 394 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14): 395 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the 396 # https://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county 397 # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two 398 # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border, 399 # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are 400 # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege 401 # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6 402 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two 403 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data. 404 405 # From Paul Eggert (2017-01-05): 406 # Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources: 407 # 408 # (1) 409 # Guo Qing-sheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) 410 # Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC 411 # China Historical Materials of Science and Technology 412 # (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料). 2003;24(1):5-9. 413 # http://oversea.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?filename=ZGKS200301000&dbname=CJFD2003 414 # It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was 415 # officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the 416 # evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not 417 # been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar 418 # time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued 419 # to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the 420 # observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it 421 # could well have ignored any such mandate. 422 # 423 # (2) 424 # Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) 425 # A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China 426 # [undated and unknown publication location] 427 # It says several things: 428 # * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China. 429 # * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective 430 # the official calendar book of 1914. 431 # * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in 432 # French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei) 433 # Observatory and set to local mean time. 434 # * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8. 435 # * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers) 436 # eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it 437 # became used by railways as well. 438 # * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into 439 # five time zones (see below for details). This caught on 440 # at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8. 441 # * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice 442 # this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in 443 # Japanese-occupied territory. 444 # * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time. 445 # * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into 446 # place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear 447 # how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control. 448 # * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war. 449 # 450 # An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the 451 # Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is 452 # different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour 453 # ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the 454 # Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT +08. 455 # 456 # In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but 457 # this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger. 458 # This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and 459 # Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility. 460 # Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice 461 # mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were: 462 # 463 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT +08:30 464 # Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here. 465 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin 466 # 467 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT +08 468 # Now part of Asia/Shanghai. 469 # most of China 470 # Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest. 471 # Guo says Shanghai switched to UT +08 "from the end of the 19th century". 472 # 473 # Long-shu Time (probably as Long and Shu were two names of the area) UT +07 474 # Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here. 475 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; 476 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; east Qinghai; and the Guangdong 477 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, 478 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. 479 # 480 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT +06 481 # This region is now part of either Asia/Urumqi or Asia/Shanghai with 482 # current boundaries uncertain; times before 1970 for areas that 483 # disagree with Ürümqi or Shanghai are not recorded here. 484 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai; 485 # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang, 486 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi; 487 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi; 488 # east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe, 489 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin, 490 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami, 491 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan. 492 # 493 # Kunlun Time UT +05:30 494 # This region is now in the same status as Xin-zang Time (see above). 495 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule; 496 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke, 497 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding, 498 # and Yarkand. 499 500 # From Luther Ma (2009-10-17): 501 # Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in 502 # Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time, 503 # but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on 504 # what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese 505 # they implicitly use Beijing time. 506 # 507 # On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the 508 # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two 509 # hours behind Beijing time, or UT +06. The government of the Xinjiang 510 # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as 511 # local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in 512 # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as 513 # "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language 514 # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time. 515 # 516 # (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its 517 # widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in 518 # Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.) 519 # 520 # (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990 521 # or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with 522 # the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same 523 # time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and 524 # others moving their clocks ahead.) 525 526 # From Luther Ma (2009-11-19): 527 # With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common 528 # English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols): 529 # 530 # 1. Wulumuqi... 531 # 2. Kashi... 532 # 3. Urumqi... 533 # 4. Kashgar... 534 # ... 535 # 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the 536 # 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding 537 # countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child. 538 # 539 # 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any 540 # start date for Xinjiang time. 541 # 542 # Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally 543 # publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur 544 # Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also 545 # not be using Beijing time, but some local time.) 546 547 # From David Cochrane (2014-03-26): 548 # Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986: 549 # https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html 550 551 # From Luther Ma (2014-04-22): 552 # I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from 553 # different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's 554 # report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David 555 # Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially 556 # recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least 557 # the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time; 558 # and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers 559 # to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some 560 # population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only 561 # problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as 562 # having the same time as Beijing. 563 564 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 565 # In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT +06) 566 # but this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun, 567 # Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN 568 # 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x. 569 # As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone. 570 # 571 # Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see 572 # "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government" 573 # <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22). 574 # Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986. 575 # During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty, 576 # the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan 577 # Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of 578 # China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be 579 # quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to 580 # UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren, 581 # which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a 582 # guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of +08 before 583 # 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and 584 # that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the 585 # +08 mandate back then. 586 587 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 588 # Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai. 589 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901 590 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 May 28 591 8:00 PRC C%sT 592 # Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi 593 # / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.) 594 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 595 6:00 - +06 596 597 598 # Hong Kong (Xianggang) 599 600 # Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this. 601 602 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24): 603 # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong 604 # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually, 605 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK, 606 # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing 607 # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I 608 # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be 609 # obtained from 610 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 611 612 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 613 # Here are the dates given at 614 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 615 # as of 2009-10-28: 616 # Year Period 617 # 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep 618 # 1942 Whole year 619 # 1943 Whole year 620 # 1944 Whole year 621 # 1945 Whole year 622 # 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec 623 # 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec 624 # 1948 2 May to 31 Oct 625 # 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct 626 # 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct 627 # 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct 628 # 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct 629 # 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov 630 # 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct 631 # 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov 632 # 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov 633 # 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov 634 # 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov 635 # 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov 636 # 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov 637 # 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov 638 # 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov 639 # 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov 640 # 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov 641 # 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct 642 # 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct 643 # 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct 644 # 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct 645 # 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct 646 # 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct 647 # 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct 648 # 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct 649 # 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct 650 # 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74 651 # 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct 652 # 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct 653 # 1977 Nil 654 # 1978 Nil 655 # 1979 13 May to 21 Oct 656 # 1980 to Now Nil 657 # The page does not give start or end times of day. 658 # The page does not give a start date for 1942. 659 # The page does not givw an end date for 1945. 660 # The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25. 661 # The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15. 662 # For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times. 663 664 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 665 Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S 666 Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 - 667 Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S 668 Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 - 669 Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S 670 Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 - 671 Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S 672 Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 - 673 Rule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 - 674 Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S 675 Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 - 676 Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S 677 Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 - 678 Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 679 Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 680 Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 681 Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S 682 Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S 683 Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 684 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 685 Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 686 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25 687 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15 688 8:00 HK HK%sT 689 690 ############################################################################### 691 692 # Taiwan 693 694 # From smallufo (2010-04-03): 695 # According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau], 696 # http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm 697 # Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30. 698 699 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): 700 # On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of 701 # Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that 702 # Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands 703 # (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on 704 # 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be 705 # found on Wikisource: 706 # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時) 707 # ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because 708 # during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone 709 # declared officially. 710 # 711 # Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa 712 # Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of 713 # revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard 714 # time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in 715 # western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan 716 # territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time 717 # (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can 718 # be found on Wikisource: 719 # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件 720 # 721 # That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UT+9 on Oct 1, 1937. 722 723 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): 724 # I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UT+9 725 # back to UT+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document 726 # during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time 727 # zone back to Western Standard Time (UT+8) on Sep 21. And in another 728 # history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a 729 # note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two 730 # materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And 731 # today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald" 732 # from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact 733 # that: 734 # 735 # 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using 736 # the time at 135E (GMT+9) 737 # 738 # 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan 739 # 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands, 740 # as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called 741 # Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8. 742 # 743 # 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the 744 # territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard 745 # Time. 746 # 747 # [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan: 748 # http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037 749 # [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site: 750 # http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm 751 # [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475: 752 # http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf 753 754 # Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03): 755 # I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to 756 # Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan. It's Taiwan Governor-General 757 # Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ... 758 # [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local 759 # bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on 760 # Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21. I think this bulletin is much more 761 # official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the 762 # top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this 763 # would be a good one. 764 # [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945: 765 # http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener 766 767 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): 768 # In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from 769 # Central Weather Bureau website was not correct. 770 # 771 # Original Bulletin: 772 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF 773 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.) 774 # 775 # In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that 776 # telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government: 777 # 778 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431 779 # 780 # Here is a brief translation: 781 # 782 # The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20 783 # midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time 784 # adoption till Oct 31 midnight. 785 # 786 # The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can 787 # be found from historical government announcement database. 788 789 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03): 790 # As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT +09 from 1937-10-01 791 # until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger. 792 # Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan. 793 794 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 795 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 796 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 797 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 798 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 799 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 800 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 801 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D 802 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 803 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 804 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 805 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 806 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 807 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 808 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D 809 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 810 811 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 812 # Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei 813 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1 814 8:00 - CST 1937 Oct 1 815 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 1:00 816 8:00 Taiwan C%sT 817 818 # Macau (Macao, Aomen) 819 # 820 # From P Chan (2018-05-10): 821 # * LegisMac 822 # http://legismac.safp.gov.mo/legismac/descqry/Descqry.jsf?lang=pt 823 # A database for searching titles of legal documents of Macau in 824 # Chinese and Portuguese. The term "HORÁRIO DE VERÃO" can be used for 825 # searching decrees about summer time. 826 # * Archives of Macao 827 # http://www.archives.gov.mo/en/bo/ 828 # It contains images of old official gazettes. 829 # * The Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau have a page listing the 830 # summer time history. But it is not complete and has some mistakes. 831 # http://www.smg.gov.mo/smg/geophysics/e_t_Summer%20Time.htm 832 # Macau adopted GMT+8 on 30 Oct 1904 to follow Hong Kong. Clocks were 833 # advanced by 25 minutes and 50 seconds. Which means the LMT used was 834 # +7:34:10. As stated in the "Portaria No. 204" dated 21 October 1904 835 # and published in the Official Gazette on 29 October 1904. 836 # http://igallery.icm.gov.mo/Images/Archives/BO/MO_AH_PUB_BO_1904_10/MO_AH_PUB_BO_1904_10_00025_Grey.JPG 837 # 838 # Therefore the 1911 decree of Portugal did not change time in Macau. 839 # 840 # From LegisMac, here is a list of decrees that changed the time ... 841 # [Decree Gazette-no. date; titles omitted in this quotation] 842 # DIL 732 BOCM 51 1941.12.20 843 # DIL 764 BOCM 9S 1942.04.30 844 # DIL 781 BOCM 21 1942.10.10 845 # PT 3434 BOCM 8S 1943.04.17 846 # PT 3504 BOCM 20 1943.09.25 847 # PT 3843 BOCM 39 1945.09.29 848 # PT 3961 BOCM 17 1946.04.27 849 # PT 4026 BOCM 39 1946.09.28 850 # PT 4153 BOCM 16 1947.04.10 851 # PT 4271 BOCM 48 1947.11.29 852 # PT 4374 BOCM 18 1948.05.01 853 # PT 4465 BOCM 44 1948.10.30 854 # PT 4590 BOCM 14 1949.04.02 855 # PT 4666 BOCM 44 1949.10.29 856 # PT 4771 BOCM 12 1950.03.25 857 # PT 4838 BOCM 43 1950.10.28 858 # PT 4946 BOCM 12 1951.03.24 859 # PT 5025 BO 43 1951.10.27 860 # PT 5149 BO 14 1952.04.05 861 # PT 5251 BO 43 1952.10.25 862 # PT 5366 BO 13 1953.03.28 863 # PT 5444 BO 44 1953.10.31 864 # PT 5540 BO 12 1954.03.20 865 # PT 5589 BO 44 1954.10.30 866 # PT 5676 BO 12 1955.03.19 867 # PT 5739 BO 45 1955.11.05 868 # PT 5823 BO 11 1956.03.17 869 # PT 5891 BO 44 1956.11.03 870 # PT 5981 BO 12 1957.03.23 871 # PT 6064 BO 43 1957.10.26 872 # PT 6172 BO 12 1958.03.22 873 # PT 6243 BO 43 1958.10.25 874 # PT 6341 BO 12 1959.03.21 875 # PT 6411 BO 43 1959.10.24 876 # PT 6514 BO 11 1960.03.12 877 # PT 6584 BO 44 1960.10.29 878 # PT 6721 BO 10 1961.03.11 879 # PT 6815 BO 43 1961.10.28 880 # PT 6947 BO 10 1962.03.10 881 # PT 7080 BO 43 1962.10.27 882 # PT 7218 BO 12 1963.03.23 883 # PT 7340 BO 43 1963.10.26 884 # PT 7491 BO 11 1964.03.14 885 # PT 7664 BO 43 1964.10.24 886 # PT 7846 BO 15 1965.04.10 887 # PT 7979 BO 42 1965.10.16 888 # PT 8146 BO 15 1966.04.09 889 # PT 8252 BO 41 1966.10.08 890 # PT 8429 BO 15 1967.04.15 891 # PT 8540 BO 41 1967.10.14 892 # PT 8735 BO 15 1968.04.13 893 # PT 8860 BO 41 1968.10.12 894 # PT 9035 BO 16 1969.04.19 895 # PT 9156 BO 42 1969.10.18 896 # PT 9328 BO 15 1970.04.11 897 # PT 9418 BO 41 1970.10.10 898 # PT 9587 BO 14 1971.04.03 899 # PT 9702 BO 41 1971.10.09 900 # PT 38-A/72 BO 14 1972.04.01 901 # PT 126-A/72 BO 41 1972.10.07 902 # PT 61/73 BO 14 1973.04.07 903 # PT 182/73 BO 40 1973.10.06 904 # PT 282/73 BO 51 1973.12.22 905 # PT 177/74 BO 41 1974.10.12 906 # PT 51/75 BO 15 1975.04.12 907 # PT 173/75 BO 41 1975.10.11 908 # PT 67/76/M BO 14 1976.04.03 909 # PT 169/76/M BO 41 1976.10.09 910 # PT 78/79/M BO 19 1979.05.12 911 # PT 166/79/M BO 42 1979.10.20 912 # Note that DIL 732 does not belong to "HORÁRIO DE VERÃO" according to 913 # LegisMac.... Note that between 1942 and 1945, the time switched 914 # between GMT+9 and GMT+10. Also in 1965 and 1965 the DST ended at 2:30am. 915 916 # From Paul Eggert (2018-05-10): 917 # The 1904 decree says that Macau changed from the meridian of 918 # Fortaleza do Monte, presumably the basis for the 7:34:10 for LMT. 919 920 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 921 Rule Macau 1942 1943 - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 - 922 Rule Macau 1942 only - Nov 17 23:00 0 - 923 Rule Macau 1943 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 S 924 Rule Macau 1946 only - Apr 30 23:00s 1:00 D 925 Rule Macau 1946 only - Sep 30 23:00s 0 S 926 Rule Macau 1947 only - Apr 19 23:00s 1:00 D 927 Rule Macau 1947 only - Nov 30 23:00s 0 S 928 Rule Macau 1948 only - May 2 23:00s 1:00 D 929 Rule Macau 1948 only - Oct 31 23:00s 0 S 930 Rule Macau 1949 1950 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 D 931 Rule Macau 1949 1950 - Oct lastSat 23:00s 0 S 932 Rule Macau 1951 only - Mar 31 23:00s 1:00 D 933 Rule Macau 1951 only - Oct 28 23:00s 0 S 934 Rule Macau 1952 1953 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 D 935 Rule Macau 1952 only - Nov 1 23:00s 0 S 936 Rule Macau 1953 1954 - Oct lastSat 23:00s 0 S 937 Rule Macau 1954 1956 - Mar Sat>=17 23:00s 1:00 D 938 Rule Macau 1955 only - Nov 5 23:00s 0 S 939 Rule Macau 1956 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 03:30 0 S 940 Rule Macau 1957 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 03:30 1:00 D 941 Rule Macau 1965 1973 - Apr Sun>=16 03:30 1:00 D 942 Rule Macau 1965 1966 - Oct Sun>=16 02:30 0 S 943 Rule Macau 1967 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 03:30 0 S 944 Rule Macau 1973 only - Dec 30 03:30 1:00 D 945 Rule Macau 1975 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 03:30 1:00 D 946 Rule Macau 1979 only - May 13 03:30 1:00 D 947 Rule Macau 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 03:30 0 S 948 949 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 950 Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:10 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 951 8:00 - CST 1941 Dec 21 23:00 952 9:00 Macau +09/+10 1945 Sep 30 24:00 953 8:00 Macau C%sT 954 955 956 ############################################################################### 957 958 # Cyprus 959 960 # Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT. 961 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time. 962 963 # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-09): 964 # Yesterday's Cyprus Mail reports that Northern Cyprus followed Turkey's 965 # lead and switched from +02/+03 to +03 year-round. 966 # http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/09/08/two-time-zones-cyprus-turkey-will-not-turn-clocks-back-next-month/ 967 # 968 # From Even Scharning (2016-10-31): 969 # Looks like the time zone split in Cyprus went through last night. 970 # http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/10/30/cyprus-new-division-two-time-zones-now-reality/ 971 972 # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 973 # Northern Cyprus will reinstate winter time on October 29, thus 974 # staying in sync with the rest of Cyprus. See: Anastasiou A. 975 # Cyprus to remain united in time. Cyprus Mail 2017-10-17. 976 # https://cyprus-mail.com/2017/10/17/cyprus-remain-united-time/ 977 978 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 979 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S 980 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - 981 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 982 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - 983 Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 984 Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 985 Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 986 Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 987 Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 988 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 989 Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 990 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 991 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 992 Zone Asia/Famagusta 2:15:48 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 993 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 994 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 2016 Sep 8 995 3:00 - +03 2017 Oct 29 1:00u 996 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 997 998 # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72. 999 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe. 1000 Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia 1001 1002 # Georgia 1003 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19): 1004 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward 1005 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze, 1006 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! 1007 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. 1008 # 1009 # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04): 1010 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia 1011 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy, 1012 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday. 1013 # 1014 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27): 1015 # 1016 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet 1017 # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it 1018 # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours 1019 # ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia, 1020 # Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process 1021 # of integration into Europe. 1022 1023 # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07): 1024 # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on 1025 # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years. 1026 # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT 1027 # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document 1028 # about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document, 1029 # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time.... 1030 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our 1031 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month. 1032 1033 # Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7. 1034 # Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11. 1035 # Go with Byalokoz. 1036 1037 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1038 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:11 - LMT 1880 1039 2:59:11 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time 1040 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar 1041 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1042 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 1043 3:00 E-EurAsia +03/+04 1994 Sep lastSun 1044 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 1996 Oct lastSun 1045 4:00 1:00 +05 1997 Mar lastSun 1046 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 2004 Jun 27 1047 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00 1048 4:00 - +04 1049 1050 # East Timor 1051 1052 # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition. 1053 1054 # From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in 1055 # East Timor may be late for its millennium 1056 # <https://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31): 1057 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun 1058 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the 1059 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it 1060 # conflicts with their way of life. 1061 1062 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): 1063 # We don't have any record of the above attempt. 1064 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data. 1065 1066 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General 1067 # http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html 1068 # (2000-08-16): 1069 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided 1070 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change, 1071 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at 1072 # midnight on Saturday, September 16. 1073 1074 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1075 Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 1076 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 21 23:00 1077 9:00 - +09 1976 May 3 1078 8:00 - +08 2000 Sep 17 0:00 1079 9:00 - +09 1080 1081 # India 1082 1083 # From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic 1084 # https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/ 1085 # (2015-12-22): 1086 # In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the 1087 # outskirts of Bombay.... They were protesting the proposed abolition of 1088 # local time in favor of Indian Standard Time.... Journalists called this 1089 # dispute the "Battle of the Clocks." It lasted nearly half a century. 1090 1091 # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20): 1092 # Good luck trying to nail down old timekeeping records in India. 1093 # "... in the nineteenth century ... Madras Observatory took its magnetic 1094 # measurements on Göttingen time, its meteorological measurements on Madras 1095 # (local) time, dropped its time ball on Greenwich (ocean navigator's) time, 1096 # and distributed civil (local time)." -- Bartky IR. Selling the true time: 1097 # 19th-century timekeeping in america. Stanford U Press (2000), 247 note 19. 1098 # "A more potent cause of resistance to the general adoption of the present 1099 # standard time lies in the fact that it is Madras time. The citizen of 1100 # Bombay, proud of being 'primus in Indis' and of Calcutta, equally proud of 1101 # his city being the Capital of India, and - for a part of the year - the Seat 1102 # of the Supreme Government, alike look down on Madras, and refuse to change 1103 # the time they are using, for that of what they regard as a benighted 1104 # Presidency; while Madras, having for long given the standard time to the 1105 # rest of India, would resist the adoption of any other Indian standard in its 1106 # place." -- Oldham RD. On Time in India: a suggestion for its improvement. 1107 # Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (April 1899), 49-55. 1108 # 1109 # "In 1870 ... Madras time - 'now used by the telegraph and regulated from the 1110 # only government observatory' - was suggested as a standard railway time, 1111 # first to be adopted on the Great Indian Peninsular Railway (GIPR).... 1112 # Calcutta, Bombay, and Karachi, were to be allowed to continue with their 1113 # local time for civil purposes." - Prasad R. Tracks of Change: Railways and 1114 # Everyday Life in Colonial India. Cambridge University Press (2016), 145. 1115 # 1116 # Reed S, Low F. The Indian Year Book 1936-37. Bennett, Coleman, pp 27-8. 1117 # https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.282212 1118 # This lists +052110 as Madras local time used in railways, and says that on 1119 # 1906-01-01 railways and telegraphs in India switched to +0530. Some 1120 # municipalities retained their former time, and the time in Calcutta 1121 # continued to depend on whether you were at the railway station or at 1122 # government offices. Government time was at +055320 (according to Shanks) or 1123 # at +0554 (according to the Indian Year Book). Railway time is more 1124 # appropriate for our purposes, as it was better documented, it is what we do 1125 # elsewhere (e.g., Europe/London before 1880), and after 1906 it was 1126 # consistent in the region now identified by Asia/Kolkata. So, use railway 1127 # time for 1870-1941. Shanks is our only (and dubious) source for the 1128 # 1941-1945 data. 1129 1130 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1131 Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1854 Jun 28 # Kolkata 1132 5:53:20 - HMT 1870 # Howrah Mean Time? 1133 5:21:10 - MMT 1906 Jan 1 # Madras local time 1134 5:30 - IST 1941 Oct 1135 5:30 1:00 +0630 1942 May 15 1136 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 1137 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15 1138 5:30 - IST 1139 # Since 1970 the following are like Asia/Kolkata: 1140 # Andaman Is 1141 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) 1142 # Nicobar Is 1143 1144 # Indonesia 1145 # 1146 # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06): 1147 # The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia 1148 # civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta. 1149 # 1150 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger: 1151 # http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime 1152 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some 1153 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat 1154 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7. 1155 # 1156 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10): 1157 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger. 1158 # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in 1159 # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and 1160 # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus 1161 # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore. 1162 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change. 1163 # Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions 1164 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched 1165 # from UT +09 to +07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura 1166 # (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura 1167 # switched on 1945-09-23. 1168 # 1169 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11): 1170 # Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in 1171 # Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even 1172 # when writing in English. For example, see the English-language 1173 # summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the 1174 # Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology, 1175 # Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29). 1176 # The time zone abbreviations and UT offsets are: 1177 # 1178 # WIB - +07 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time) 1179 # WITA - +08 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time) 1180 # WIT - +09 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time) 1181 # 1182 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1183 # Java, Sumatra 1184 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10 1185 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13, 1186 # but this must be a typo. 1187 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia 1188 7:20 - +0720 1932 Nov 1189 7:30 - +0730 1942 Mar 23 1190 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23 1191 7:30 - +0730 1948 May 1192 8:00 - +08 1950 May 1193 7:30 - +0730 1964 1194 7:00 - WIB 1195 # west and central Borneo 1196 Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May 1197 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT 1198 7:30 - +0730 1942 Jan 29 1199 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23 1200 7:30 - +0730 1948 May 1201 8:00 - +08 1950 May 1202 7:30 - +0730 1964 1203 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1 1204 7:00 - WIB 1205 # Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo 1206 Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 1207 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT 1208 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 9 1209 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23 1210 8:00 - WITA 1211 # Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua 1212 Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov 1213 9:00 - +09 1944 Sep 1 1214 9:30 - +0930 1964 1215 9:00 - WIT 1216 1217 # Iran 1218 1219 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15): 1220 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian). 1221 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine: 1222 # 1223 # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16] 1224 # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01] 1225 # 1226 # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country 1227 # 1228 # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14], 1229 # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13] 1230 # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs, 1231 # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers 1232 # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and 1233 # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that: 1234 # 1235 # The official time of the country will should move forward one hour 1236 # at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return 1237 # to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of 1238 # Shahrivar. 1239 # 1240 # First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi 1241 # 1242 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed 1243 # for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the 1244 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last 1245 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates.... 1246 # 1247 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05): 1248 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions 1249 # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic 1250 # leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious 1251 # plan to change that law.... 1252 # 1253 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1254 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter. 1255 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates, 1256 # stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow. 1257 # That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar 1258 # calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand. 1259 # 1260 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future 1261 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar: 1262 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for 1263 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local 1264 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be 1265 # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer: 1266 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give 1267 # no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant 1268 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between 1269 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058: 1270 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of 1271 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date 1272 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical). 1273 # 1274 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22): 1275 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore: 1276 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm 1277 # 1278 # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen: 1279 # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce 1280 # daylight saving time ... 1281 # https://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916 1282 # 1283 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05): 1284 # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of 1285 # Iran, Volume 63, No. 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24 1286 # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:... 1287 # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour 1288 # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will 1289 # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the 1290 # thirtieth day of Shahrivar. 1291 # 1292 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1293 Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1294 Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 1295 Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 - 1296 Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 - 1297 Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 - 1298 Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 1299 Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1300 Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1301 Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1302 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 1303 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1304 Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1305 Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1306 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 1307 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1308 Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1309 Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1310 Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 1311 Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1312 Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1313 Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1314 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 1315 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1316 Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1317 Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1318 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 1319 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1320 Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1321 Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1322 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 1323 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1324 Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1325 Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1326 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 1327 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1328 Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1329 Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1330 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 1331 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1332 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1333 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1334 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 1335 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1336 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1337 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1338 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 1339 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1340 # 1341 # The following rules are approximations starting in the year 2038. 1342 # These are the best post-2037 approximations available, given the 1343 # restrictions of a single rule using a Gregorian-based data format. 1344 # At some point this table will need to be extended, though quite 1345 # possibly Iran will change the rules first. 1346 Rule Iran 2036 max - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1347 Rule Iran 2036 max - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1348 1349 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1350 Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 1351 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time 1352 3:30 - +0330 1977 Nov 1353 4:00 Iran +04/+05 1979 1354 3:30 Iran +0330/+0430 1355 1356 1357 # Iraq 1358 # 1359 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12): 1360 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in 1361 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph: 1362 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and 1363 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad." 1364 # 1365 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows: 1366 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi 1367 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred 1368 # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone 1369 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq. 1370 # 1371 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim. 1372 1373 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10): 1374 # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following 1375 # news sources (in Arabic): 1376 # http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html 1377 # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10 1378 # 1379 # We have published a short article in English about the change: 1380 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html 1381 1382 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1383 Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 - 1384 Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1385 Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 - 1386 Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 - 1387 Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1388 Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 - 1389 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo. 1390 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this. 1391 # 1392 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 - 1393 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 - 1394 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1395 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 1396 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time? 1397 3:00 - +03 1982 May 1398 3:00 Iraq +03/+04 1399 1400 1401 ############################################################################### 1402 1403 # Israel 1404 1405 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11): 1406 # 1407 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three 1408 # different abbreviations in use: 1409 # 1410 # JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University] 1411 # IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion] 1412 # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else] 1413 # 1414 # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities, 1415 # I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe, 1416 # EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with 1417 # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go 1418 # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone 1419 # settings in Israeli computers. 1420 # 1421 # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India, 1422 # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's 1423 # family is from India). 1424 1425 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 1426 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1427 Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 1428 Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 1429 Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1430 Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1431 Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 1432 Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 1433 Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D 1434 Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 1435 Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD 1436 Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D 1437 Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 1438 Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 1439 Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 1440 Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S 1441 Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1442 Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S 1443 Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D 1444 Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S 1445 Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D 1446 Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S 1447 Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D 1448 Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S 1449 Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D 1450 Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S 1451 Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 1452 Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S 1453 Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D 1454 Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1455 Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D 1456 Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S 1457 Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D 1458 Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S 1459 Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D 1460 Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S 1461 Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D 1462 Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S 1463 Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 1464 Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1465 1466 # From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05): 1467 # I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the 1468 # [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath 1469 # ends and changes to Sunday. 1470 Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D 1471 Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S 1472 1473 # From Ephraim Silverberg 1474 # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22, 1475 # and 2005-02-17): 1476 1477 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of 1478 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. 1479 # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150 1480 # days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to 1481 # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to 1482 # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a 1483 # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard 1484 # time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard 1485 # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid 1486 # conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to 1487 # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from 1488 # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time 1489 # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for 1490 # 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was 1491 # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it 1492 # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all 1493 # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no 1494 # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date 1495 # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve 1496 # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date 1497 # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement] 1498 # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar). 1499 1500 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1501 Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D 1502 Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1503 Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D 1504 Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S 1505 Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D 1506 Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S 1507 Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D 1508 Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1509 Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D 1510 Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S 1511 1512 # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the 1513 # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by 1514 # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. 1515 1516 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1517 Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1518 Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S 1519 Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 1520 Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1521 1522 # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the 1523 # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 1524 # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: 1525 # 1526 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz 1527 # 1528 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. 1529 # 1530 # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at: 1531 # 1532 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz 1533 # 1534 # where YYYY is the relevant year. 1535 1536 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1537 Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D 1538 Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S 1539 Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1540 Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S 1541 Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D 1542 Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1543 Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D 1544 Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S 1545 1546 # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for 1547 # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the 1548 # years 2001-2004 as well. 1549 # 1550 # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at: 1551 # 1552 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz 1553 # 1554 # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates 1555 # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at: 1556 # 1557 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz 1558 1559 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1560 Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D 1561 Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S 1562 Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D 1563 Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S 1564 Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D 1565 Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S 1566 Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D 1567 Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S 1568 Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D 1569 Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S 1570 1571 # The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on 1572 # 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the 1573 # last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April 1574 # 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday 1575 # night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur. 1576 # 1577 # Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at: 1578 # 1579 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps 1580 1581 # From Paul Eggert (2012-10-26): 1582 # I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program 1583 # <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20) 1584 # along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4, 1585 # to generate the transitions from 2005 through 2012. 1586 # (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.) 1587 # The spring transitions all correspond to the following Rule: 1588 # 1589 # Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1590 # 1591 # but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support 1592 # "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the 1593 # springtime transitions explicitly. 1594 1595 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1596 Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1597 Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 1598 Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1599 Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S 1600 Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1601 Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S 1602 Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 1603 Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1604 Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1605 Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1606 Rule Zion 2012 only - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1607 Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S 1608 1609 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2013-06-27): 1610 # On June 23, 2013, the Israeli government approved changes to the 1611 # Time Decree Law. The next day, the changes passed the First Reading 1612 # in the Knesset. The law is expected to pass the Second and Third 1613 # (final) Readings by the beginning of September 2013. 1614 # 1615 # As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday 1616 # in March. DST ends at 02:00 on the last Sunday of October. 1617 1618 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1619 Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D 1620 Rule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 1621 1622 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1623 Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880 1624 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time? 1625 2:00 Zion I%sT 1626 1627 1628 1629 ############################################################################### 1630 1631 # Japan 1632 1633 # '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris. 1634 1635 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06): 1636 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had 1637 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued 1638 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours." 1639 1640 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times: 1641 # http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm 1642 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on 1643 # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of 1644 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated 1645 # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to 1646 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San 1647 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53% 1648 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who 1649 # wanted to keep it.) 1650 1651 # From Takayuki Nikai (2018-01-19): 1652 # The source of information is Japanese law. 1653 # http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00219480428029.htm 1654 # http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00719500331039.htm 1655 # ... In summary, it is written as follows. From 24:00 on the first Saturday 1656 # in May, until 0:00 on the day after the second Saturday in September. 1657 1658 # From Phake Nick (2018-09-27): 1659 # [T]he webpage authored by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 1660 # https://eco.mtk.nao.ac.jp/koyomi/wiki/BBFEB9EF2FB2C6BBFEB9EF.html 1661 # ... mentioned that using Showa 23 (year 1948) as example, 13pm of September 1662 # 11 in summer time will equal to 0am of September 12 in standard time. 1663 # It cited a document issued by the Liaison Office which briefly existed 1664 # during the postwar period of Japan, where the detail on implementation 1665 # of the summer time is described in the document. 1666 # https://eco.mtk.nao.ac.jp/koyomi/wiki/BBFEB9EF2FB2C6BBFEB9EFB2C6BBFEB9EFA4CEBCC2BBDCA4CBA4C4A4A4A4C6.pdf 1667 # The text in the document do instruct a fall back to occur at 1668 # September 11, 13pm in summer time, while ordinary citizens can 1669 # change the clock before they sleep. 1670 # 1671 # From Paul Eggert (2018-09-27): 1672 # This instruction is equivalent to "Sat>=8 25:00", so use that. zic treats 1673 # it like "Sun>=9 01:00", which is not quite the same but is the best we can 1674 # do in any POSIX or C platform. The "25:00" assumes zic from 2007 or later, 1675 # which should be safe now. 1676 1677 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1678 Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D 1679 Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sun>=9 1:00 0 S 1680 Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D 1681 Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D 1682 1683 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09): 1684 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical 1685 # Observatory: 139° 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s), 35° 39' 16.0" N. 1686 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996' 1687 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.... 1688 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST). 1689 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07. 1690 1691 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16): 1692 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan, 1693 # which stands for the time on 135° E. 1694 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central 1695 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard 1696 # time", which stands for the time on 120° E.... But "western standard 1697 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No. 1698 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is 1699 # standard.... 1700 # 1701 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate. 1702 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor. 1703 1704 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): 1705 # ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause 1706 # about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. 1707 # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時) 1708 # 1709 # ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which 1710 # means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan 1711 # Central Time (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. 1712 # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件 1713 1714 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1715 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u 1716 9:00 Japan J%sT 1717 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo. 1718 1719 # Jordan 1720 # 1721 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html> 1722 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1723 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight, 1724 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time 1725 # all year round. 1726 # 1727 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html> 1728 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09): 1729 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back 1730 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final! 1731 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in 1732 # government's departments from six to seven hours. 1733 # 1734 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 1735 # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 1736 # 1737 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 1738 # For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year 1739 # about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year. 1740 # 1741 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi: 1742 # http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm 1743 # "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27". 1744 # 1745 1746 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02): 1747 # This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic): 1748 # http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279 1749 # 1750 # Google's translation: 1751 # 1752 # > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely 1753 # > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday 1754 # > of the month of March of each year. 1755 # 1756 # So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002. 1757 1758 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06): 1759 # We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001. 1760 1761 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25): 1762 # Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not 1763 # switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST 1764 # until about the same time next year (at least). 1765 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950 1766 1767 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11): 1768 # Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to 1769 # UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight: 1770 # http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime 1771 # Official, in Arabic: 1772 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14 1773 # ... Our background/permalink about it 1774 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html 1775 # ... 1776 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P 1777 # ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future 1778 # (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule). 1779 1780 # From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11): 1781 # As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST. 1782 1783 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1784 Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S 1785 Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1786 Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1787 Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1788 Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1789 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1790 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1791 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1792 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1793 Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1794 Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1795 Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 1796 Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S 1797 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S 1798 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 1799 Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 1800 Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1801 Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1802 Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 1803 Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 - 1804 Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1805 Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1806 Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 1807 Rule Jordan 2002 2012 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1808 Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 - 1809 Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 - 1810 Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1811 Rule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1812 Rule Jordan 2013 only - Dec 20 0:00 0 - 1813 Rule Jordan 2014 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1814 Rule Jordan 2014 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1815 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1816 Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 1817 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1818 1819 1820 # Kazakhstan 1821 1822 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin No. 11 1823 # <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21): 1824 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing 1825 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health 1826 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity. 1827 # 1828 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28): 1829 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone 1830 # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has 1831 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone 1832 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the 1833 # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtöbe, Atyraū, 1834 # Mangghystaū, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses 1835 # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones 1836 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively. 1837 1838 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27): 1839 # Review of the linked documents from http://adilet.zan.kz/ 1840 # produced the following data for post-1991 Kazakhstan: 1841 # 1842 # 0. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR 1843 # from 1991-02-04 No. 20 1844 # http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102010545 1845 # removed the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of the USSR 1846 # starting with the last Sunday of March 1991. 1847 # It also allowed (but not mandated) Kazakh SSR, Kirghiz SSR, Tajik SSR, 1848 # Turkmen SSR and Uzbek SSR to not have "summer" time. 1849 # 1850 # The 1992-01-13 act also refers to the act of the Cabinet of Ministers 1851 # of the Kazakh SSR from 1991-03-20 No. 170 "About the act of the Cabinet 1852 # of Ministers of the USSR from 1991-02-04 No. 20" but I didn't found its 1853 # text. 1854 # 1855 # According to Izvestia newspaper No. 68 (23334) from 1991-03-20 1856 # (page 6; available at http://libinfo.org/newsr/newsr2574.djvu via 1857 # http://libinfo.org/index.php?id=58564) on 1991-03-31 at 2:00 during 1858 # transition to "summer" time: 1859 # Republic of Georgia, Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, SSR Moldova, 1860 # Estonian SSR; Komi ASSR; Kaliningrad oblast; Nenets autonomous okrug 1861 # were to move clocks 1 hour forward. 1862 # Kazakh SSR (excluding Uralsk oblast); Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Tajik 1863 # SSR; Andijan, Jizzakh, Namangan, Sirdarya, Tashkent, Fergana oblasts 1864 # of the Uzbek SSR were to move clocks 1 hour backwards. 1865 # Other territories were to not move clocks. 1866 # When the "summer" time would end on 1991-09-29, clocks were to be 1867 # moved 1 hour backwards on the territory of the USSR excluding 1868 # Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenia, Tajikistan. 1869 # 1870 # Apparently there were last minute changes. Apparently Kazakh act No. 170 1871 # was one of such changes. 1872 # 1873 # https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Декретное время 1874 # claims that Sovetskaya Rossiya newspaper on 1991-03-29 published that 1875 # Nenets autonomous okrug, Komi and Kazakhstan (excluding Uralsk oblast) 1876 # were to not move clocks and Uralsk oblast was to move clocks 1877 # forward; on 1991-09-29 Kazakhstan was to move clocks backwards. 1878 # (Probably there were changes even after that publication. There is an 1879 # article claiming that Kaliningrad oblast decided on 1991-03-29 to not 1880 # move clocks.) 1881 # 1882 # This implies that on 1991-03-31 Asia/Oral remained on +04/+05 while 1883 # the rest of Kazakhstan switched from +06/+07 to +05/06 or from +05/06 1884 # to +04/+05. It's unclear how Qyzylorda oblast moved into the fifth 1885 # time belt. (By switching from +04/+05 to +05/+06 on 1991-09-29?) ... 1886 # 1887 # 1. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1888 # from 1992-01-13 No. 28 1889 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000028_ 1890 # (text includes modification from the 1996 act) 1891 # introduced new rules for calculation of time, mirroring Russian 1892 # 1992-01-08 act. It specified that time would be calculated 1893 # according to time belts plus extra hour ("decree time"), moved clocks 1894 # on the whole territory of Kazakhstan 1 hour forward on 1992-01-19 at 1895 # 2:00, specified DST rules. It acknowledged that Kazakhstan was 1896 # located in the fourth and the fifth time belts and specified the 1897 # border between them to be located east of Qostanay and Aktyubinsk 1898 # oblasts (notably including Turgai and Qyzylorda oblasts into the fifth 1899 # time belt). 1900 # 1901 # This means switch on 1992-01-19 at 2:00 from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for 1902 # Asia/Aqtau, Asia/Aqtobe, Asia/Oral, Atyraū and Qostanay oblasts; from 1903 # +05/+06 to +06/+07 for Asia/Almaty and Asia/Qyzylorda (and Arkalyk).... 1904 # 1905 # 2. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1906 # from 1992-03-27 No. 284 1907 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000284_ 1908 # cancels extra hour ("decree time") for Uralsk and Qyzylorda oblasts 1909 # since the last Sunday of March 1992, while keeping them in the fourth 1910 # and the fifth time belts respectively. 1911 # 1912 # 3. Order of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1913 # from 1994-09-23 No. 384 1914 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/R940000384_ 1915 # cancels the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of Mangghystaū 1916 # oblast since the last Sunday of September 1994 (saying that time on 1917 # the territory would correspond to the third time belt as a 1918 # result).... 1919 # 1920 # 4. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1921 # from 1996-05-08 No. 575 1922 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P960000575_ 1923 # amends the 1992-01-13 act to end summer time in October instead 1924 # of September, mirroring identical Russian change from 1996-04-23 act. 1925 # 1926 # 5. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1927 # from 1999-03-26 No. 305 1928 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P990000305_ 1929 # cancels the extra hour ("decree time") for Atyraū oblast since the 1930 # last Sunday of March 1999 while retaining the oblast in the fourth 1931 # time belt. 1932 # 1933 # This means change from +05/+06 to +04/+05.... 1934 # 1935 # 6. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1936 # from 2000-11-23 No. 1749 1937 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P000001749_/23.11.2000 1938 # replaces the previous five documents. 1939 # 1940 # The only changes I noticed are in definition of the border between the 1941 # fourth and the fifth time belts. They account for changes in spelling 1942 # and administrative division (splitting of Turgai oblast in 1997 1943 # probably changed time in territories incorporated into Qostanay oblast 1944 # (including Arkalyk) from +06/+07 to +05/+06) and move Qyzylorda oblast 1945 # from being in the fifth time belt and not using decree time into the 1946 # fourth time belt (no change in practice). 1947 # 1948 # 7. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1949 # from 2003-12-29 No. 1342 1950 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P030001342_ 1951 # modified the 2000-11-23 act. No relevant changes, apparently. 1952 # 1953 # 8. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1954 # from 2004-07-20 No. 775 1955 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P040000775_/20.07.2004 1956 # modified the 2000-11-23 act to move Qostanay and Qyzylorda oblasts into 1957 # the fifth time belt and add Aktobe oblast to the list of regions not 1958 # using extra hour ("decree time"), leaving Kazakhstan with only 2 time 1959 # zones (+04/+05 and +06/+07). The changes were to be implemented 1960 # during DST transitions in 2004 and 2005 but the acts got radically 1961 # amended before implementation happened. 1962 # 1963 # 9. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1964 # from 2004-09-15 No. 1059 1965 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P040001059_ 1966 # modified the 2000-11-23 act to remove exceptions from the "decree time" 1967 # (leaving Kazakhstan in +05/+06 and +06/+07 zones), amended the 1968 # 2004-07-20 act to implement changes for Atyraū, West Kazakhstan, 1969 # Qostanay, Qyzylorda and Mangghystaū oblasts by not moving clocks 1970 # during the 2004 transition to "winter" time. 1971 # 1972 # This means transition from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for Atyraū oblast (no 1973 # zone currently), Asia/Oral, Asia/Aqtau and transition from +05/+06 to 1974 # +06/+07 for Qostanay oblast (Qostanay and Arkalyk, no zones currently) 1975 # and Asia/Qyzylorda on 2004-10-31 at 3:00.... 1976 # 1977 # 10. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1978 # from 2005-03-15 No. 231 1979 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P050000231_ 1980 # removes DST provisions from the 2000-11-23 act, removes most of the 1981 # (already implemented) provisions from the 2004-07-20 and 2004-09-15 1982 # acts, comes into effect 10 days after official publication. 1983 # The only practical effect seems to be the abolition of the summer 1984 # time. 1985 # 1986 # Unamended version of the act of the Government of the Russian Federation 1987 # No. 23 from 1992-01-08 [See 'europe' file for details]. 1988 # Kazakh 1992-01-13 act appears to provide the same rules and 1992-03-27 1989 # act was to be enacted on the last Sunday of March 1992. 1990 1991 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-08): 1992 # Turgai reorganization should affect only southern part of Qostanay 1993 # oblast. Which should probably be separated into Asia/Arkalyk zone. 1994 # (There were also 1970, 1988 and 1990 Turgai oblast reorganizations 1995 # according to wikipedia.) 1996 # 1997 # [For Qostanay] http://www.ng.kz/gazeta/195/hranit/ 1998 # suggests that clocks were to be moved 40 minutes backwards on 1999 # 1920-01-01 to the fourth time belt. But I do not understand 2000 # how that could happen.... 2001 # 2002 # [For Atyrau and Oral] 1919 decree 2003 # (http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-1919-02-08.html 2004 # and in Byalokoz) lists Ural river (plus 10 versts on its left bank) in 2005 # the third time belt (before 1930 this means +03). 2006 2007 # From Paul Eggert (2016-12-06): 2008 # The tables below reflect Golosunov's remarks, with exceptions as noted. 2009 2010 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2011 # 2012 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan 2013 # This includes KZ-AKM, KZ-ALA, KZ-ALM, KZ-AST, KZ-BAY, KZ-VOS, KZ-ZHA, 2014 # KZ-KAR, KZ-SEV, KZ-PAV, and KZ-YUZ. 2015 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata 2016 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 2017 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2018 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2019 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2020 6:00 - +06 2021 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) (KZ-KZY) 2022 # This currently includes Qostanay (aka Kostanay, Kustanay) (KZ-KUS); 2023 # see comments below. 2024 Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 2025 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 2026 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 2027 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 2028 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 2029 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2030 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2031 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2032 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2033 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2034 6:00 - +06 2035 # The following zone is like Asia/Qyzylorda except for being one 2036 # hour earlier from 1991-09-29 to 1992-03-29. The 1991/2 rules for 2037 # Qostanay are unclear partly because of the 1997 Turgai 2038 # reorganization, so this zone is commented out for now. 2039 #Zone Asia/Qostanay 4:14:20 - LMT 1924 May 2 2040 # 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 2041 # 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 2042 # 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 2043 # 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 2044 # 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2045 # 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2046 # 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2047 # 6:00 - +06 2048 # 2049 # Aqtöbe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-AKT) 2050 Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 2051 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 2052 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 2053 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 2054 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 2055 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2056 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2057 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2058 5:00 - +05 2059 # Mangghystaū (KZ-MAN) 2060 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region, 2061 # so include timestamps before 1963. 2062 Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 2063 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 2064 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1 2065 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 2066 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2067 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2068 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1994 Sep 25 2:00s 2069 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2070 5:00 - +05 2071 # Atyraū (KZ-ATY) is like Mangghystaū except it switched from 2072 # +04/+05 to +05/+06 in spring 1999, not fall 1994. 2073 Zone Asia/Atyrau 3:27:44 - LMT 1924 May 2 2074 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2075 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1 2076 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 2077 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2078 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2079 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1999 Mar 28 2:00s 2080 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2081 5:00 - +05 2082 # West Kazakhstan (KZ-ZAP) 2083 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2084 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2085 Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk 2086 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2087 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 2088 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 2089 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 2090 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2091 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2092 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2093 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2094 5:00 - +05 2095 2096 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan) 2097 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 2098 2099 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15): 2100 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway 2101 # http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml 2102 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article 2103 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC. 2104 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21): 2105 # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005. 2106 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving. 2107 2108 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2109 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 - 2110 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 2111 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 - 2112 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 - 2113 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2114 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 2115 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 2116 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2117 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Aug 31 2:00 2118 5:00 Kyrgyz +05/+06 2005 Aug 12 2119 6:00 - +06 2120 2121 ############################################################################### 2122 2123 # Korea (North and South) 2124 2125 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10): 2126 # http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012 2127 # Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it 2128 # during the 1950-53 Korean War. The system was temporarily enforced 2129 # between 1987 and 1988 ... 2130 2131 # From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29): 2132 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html 2133 # According to the Korean Wikipedia 2134 # https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시 2135 # [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC] 2136 # DST in Republic of Korea was as follows.... And I checked old 2137 # newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia. 2138 # For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST 2139 # started at June 1 in that year. For another example, the article in 2140 # 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year. 2141 2142 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2143 Rule ROK 1948 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 2144 Rule ROK 1948 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 2145 Rule ROK 1949 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 D 2146 Rule ROK 1949 1951 - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 0 S 2147 Rule ROK 1950 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 2148 Rule ROK 1951 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D 2149 Rule ROK 1955 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D 2150 Rule ROK 1955 only - Sep 9 0:00 0 S 2151 Rule ROK 1956 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D 2152 Rule ROK 1956 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S 2153 Rule ROK 1957 1960 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D 2154 Rule ROK 1957 1960 - Sep Sun>=18 0:00 0 S 2155 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D 2156 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 3:00 0 S 2157 2158 # From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23): 2159 # The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets: 2160 # 2161 # 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (decree No. 5) 2162 # 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367 2163 # (Announcement No. 338) 2164 # 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17) 2165 # 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07) 2166 # 2167 # (Another source "1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)" was in the 2014-10-30 2168 # edition of the Korean Wikipedia entry.) 2169 # 2170 # I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same 2171 # rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST 2172 # when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII. 2173 # 2174 # For Pyongyang, guess no changes from World War II until 2015, as we 2175 # have no information otherwise. 2176 2177 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07): 2178 # According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to 2179 # the 8:30 time zone on August 15, one example: 2180 # http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049 2181 # 2182 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15): 2183 # Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations. See: 2184 # Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time' 2185 # http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html 2186 # There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone. 2187 # Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK. 2188 2189 # From Kang Seonghoon (2018-04-29): 2190 # North Korea will revert its time zone from UTC+8:30 (PYT; Pyongyang 2191 # Time) back to UTC+9 (KST; Korea Standard Time). 2192 # 2193 # From Seo Sanghyeon (2018-04-30): 2194 # Rodong Sinmun 2018-04-30 announced Pyongyang Time transition plan. 2195 # https://www.nknews.org/kcna/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2018/04/rodong-2018-04-30.pdf 2196 # ... the transition date is 2018-05-05 ... Citation should be Decree 2197 # No. 2232 of April 30, 2018, of the Presidium of the Supreme People's 2198 # Assembly, as published in Rodong Sinmun. 2199 # From Tim Parenti (2018-04-29): 2200 # It appears to be the front page story at the top in the right-most column. 2201 # 2202 # From Paul Eggert (2018-05-04): 2203 # The BBC reported that the transition was from 23:30 to 24:00 today. 2204 # https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44010705 2205 2206 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2207 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 2208 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 2209 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8 2210 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 2211 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 2212 9:00 ROK K%sT 2213 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 2214 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 2215 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24 2216 9:00 - KST 2015 Aug 15 00:00 2217 8:30 - KST 2018 May 4 23:30 2218 9:00 - KST 2219 2220 ############################################################################### 2221 2222 # Kuwait 2223 # See Asia/Riyadh. 2224 2225 # Laos 2226 # See Asia/Bangkok. 2227 2228 2229 # Lebanon 2230 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2231 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 2232 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 2233 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 2234 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 2235 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2236 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 2237 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 2238 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 2239 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2240 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2241 Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S 2242 Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2243 Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2244 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 2245 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 2246 Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2247 Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 2248 Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2249 Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 2250 Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2251 Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 2252 Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 2253 Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 2254 Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 2255 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2256 Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 2257 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT 2258 2259 # Malaysia 2260 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2261 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 - 2262 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - 2263 # 2264 # peninsular Malaysia 2265 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 2266 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html 2267 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2268 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 2269 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 2270 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1 2271 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1 2272 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1 2273 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16 2274 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 2275 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1 2276 8:00 - +08 2277 # Sabah & Sarawak 2278 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12): 2279 # The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 2280 # and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng. 2281 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2282 Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar 2283 7:30 - +0730 1933 2284 8:00 NBorneo +08/+0820 1942 Feb 16 2285 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 2286 8:00 - +08 2287 2288 # Maldives 2289 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2290 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Malé 2291 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Malé Mean Time 2292 5:00 - +05 2293 2294 # Mongolia 2295 2296 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but 2297 # The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World 2298 # (2005-03) both say that it has just one. 2299 2300 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11): 2301 # General Information Mongolia 2302 # <http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm> (1999-09) 2303 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of 2304 # Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and 2305 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus 2306 # eight hours." 2307 2308 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13): 2309 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998 2310 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am 2311 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time 2312 # of implementation may have been different.... 2313 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time 2314 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod, 2315 # Sükhbaatar, and possibly Khentii. 2316 2317 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15): 2318 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia. 2319 # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone; 2320 # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us, 2321 # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd 2322 # is good enough for our purposes. 2323 2324 # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13): 2325 # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier 2326 # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28), 2327 # there are three time zones. 2328 # 2329 # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai 2330 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv, 2331 # Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi 2332 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar 2333 # 2334 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.] 2335 2336 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17): 2337 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March. 2338 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of 2339 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001. 2340 # 2341 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17): 2342 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs 2343 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them. 2344 2345 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26): 2346 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones. 2347 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says 2348 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft 2349 # Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that 2350 # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UT +07, +08) with no DST. 2351 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in 2352 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed. 2353 # He also found 2354 # http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1& 2355 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius" 2356 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones. 2357 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT 2358 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT. 2359 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the 2360 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session." 2361 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation. 2362 2363 # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26): 2364 # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February. 2365 # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time.... 2366 # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742 2367 2368 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30): 2369 # We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for 2370 # Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT 2371 # +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz 2372 # database on this, e.g.: 2373 # 2374 # https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026 2375 # http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx 2376 # 2377 # both say GMT+08:00. 2378 2379 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31): 2380 # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight 2381 # schedule here: 2382 # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112 2383 # (click the English flag for English) 2384 # 2385 # There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive 2386 # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the 2387 # direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern 2388 # direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are 2389 # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and 2390 # Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed). 2391 2392 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 2393 # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00. 2394 # XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition 2395 # was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report); 2396 # this is almost surely wrong. 2397 2398 # From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2015-03-10): 2399 # It seems like yesterday Mongolian Government meeting has concluded to use 2400 # daylight saving time in Mongolia.... Starting at 2:00AM of last Saturday of 2401 # March 2015, daylight saving time starts. And 00:00AM of last Saturday of 2402 # September daylight saving time ends. Source: 2403 # http://zasag.mn/news/view/8969 2404 2405 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2406 Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 - 2407 Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2408 # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, 2409 # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM 2410 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998. 2411 # 2412 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches 2413 # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place 2414 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of 2415 # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their 2416 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly 2417 # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now. 2418 2419 # From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2017-02-09): 2420 # Mongolian Government meeting has concluded today to cancel daylight 2421 # saving time adoption in Mongolia. Source: http://zasag.mn/news/view/16192 2422 2423 Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 - 2424 Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 2425 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST. 2426 Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 - 2427 Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 - 2428 Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 - 2429 Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 - 2430 Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Sep lastSat 0:00 0 - 2431 2432 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2433 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta 2434 Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug 2435 6:00 - +06 1978 2436 7:00 Mongol +07/+08 2437 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga 2438 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug 2439 7:00 - +07 1978 2440 8:00 Mongol +08/+09 2441 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan, 2442 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan 2443 Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug 2444 7:00 - +07 1978 2445 8:00 - +08 1983 Apr 2446 9:00 Mongol +09/+10 2008 Mar 31 2447 8:00 Mongol +08/+09 2448 2449 # Nepal 2450 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2451 Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 2452 5:30 - +0530 1986 2453 5:45 - +0545 2454 2455 # Oman 2456 # See Asia/Dubai. 2457 2458 # Pakistan 2459 2460 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): 2461 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a 2462 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 2463 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was 2464 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the 2465 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on. 2466 2467 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15): 2468 # Jesper Nørgaard found this URL: 2469 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm 2470 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to 2471 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first 2472 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on 2473 # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00, 2474 # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like 2475 # it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday 2476 # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the 2477 # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02. 2478 2479 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): 2480 # DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05 2481 # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now. 2482 2483 # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14): 2484 # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm 2485 # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year: 2486 # 2487 # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh 2488 # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous 2489 # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by 2490 # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy. 2491 # 2492 # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather 2493 # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity. 2494 2495 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15): 2496 # 2497 # Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time 2498 # on June 1, 2008 for 3 months. 2499 # 2500 # "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to 2501 # help reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 2502 # 9pm and moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. ...." 2503 # 2504 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html 2505 # http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4 2506 2507 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 2508 # XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess. 2509 2510 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 2511 # Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced 2512 # for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31 2513 # instead of August 31. 2514 # 2515 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html 2516 # http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html 2517 2518 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08): 2519 # Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to 2520 # advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance 2521 # to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in 2522 # official working." 2523 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280 2524 # 2525 # recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to 2526 # introduce DST from April 15, 2009 2527 # 2528 # FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan 2529 # April 08, 2009 2530 # Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15 2531 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1 2532 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html 2533 # 2534 # .... 2535 # The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to 2536 # advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to 2537 # conserve energy" 2538 2539 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17): 2540 # "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal 2541 # Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the 2542 # clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to 2543 # this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in 2544 # this regard." 2545 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168 2546 2547 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28): 2548 # According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 2549 # Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from 2550 # October 1, 2009. 2551 # 2552 # "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct" 2553 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2 2554 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm 2555 # 2556 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29): 2557 # Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date: 2558 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742 2559 # "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1. 2560 # Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on 2561 # Monday." 2562 # 2563 # And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year: 2564 # "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour 2565 # on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without 2566 # obtaining prior approval, the officials added." 2567 # 2568 # We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of 2569 # Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company: 2570 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html 2571 2572 # From Christoph Göhre (2009-10-01): 2573 # [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan 2574 # will go back to standard time on 1st of November. 2575 2576 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26): 2577 # Steffen Thorsen wrote: 2578 # > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in 2579 # > Pakistan on 2010-04-01. 2580 # > 2581 # > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the 2582 # > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time 2583 # > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but 2584 # > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15. 2585 # Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final: 2586 # 2587 # "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks" 2588 # http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041 2589 # 2590 # "People laud PM's announcement to end DST" 2591 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2 2592 2593 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2594 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S 2595 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 2596 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2597 Rule Pakistan 2008 2009 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2598 Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 2599 2600 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2601 Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907 2602 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep 2603 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15 2604 5:30 - +0530 1951 Sep 30 2605 5:00 - +05 1971 Mar 26 2606 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time 2607 2608 # Palestine 2609 2610 # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15): 2611 # 2612 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now 2613 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule. 2614 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too... 2615 # 2616 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05 2617 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no 2618 # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt, 2619 # though. 2620 # 2621 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally 2622 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from 2623 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the 2624 # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major 2625 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and 2626 # East Jerusalem. 2627 # 2628 # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except 2629 # for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might 2630 # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware 2631 # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer 2632 # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected). 2633 # 2634 # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most 2635 # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to 2636 # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to 2637 # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't 2638 # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the 2639 # Jordanian one). 2640 # 2641 # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that: 2642 # 2643 # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996- 2644 # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- 2645 # Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion 2646 # West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan 2647 # Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan 2648 # 2649 # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they 2650 # have one). 2651 2652 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2653 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go 2654 # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947, 2655 # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996. 2656 # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since 2657 # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about 2658 # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. 2659 # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries 2660 # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules 2661 # to Palestine's rules. 2662 2663 # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time, 2664 # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg: 2665 # 2666 # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time 2667 # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks 2668 # one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule, 2669 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April. 2670 2671 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): 2672 # Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc 2673 # http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html 2674 # (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that 2675 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15. 2676 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source). 2677 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00, 2678 # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October. 2679 2680 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 2681 # Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 2682 2683 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 2684 # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of 2685 # the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think 2686 # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks 2687 # earlier - the same goes for Jordan. 2688 2689 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17): 2690 # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the 2691 # same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I 2692 # was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not 2693 # able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if 2694 # Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as 2695 # the West Bank. 2696 2697 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26): 2698 # according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19): 2699 # http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5 2700 # > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule 2701 # > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn 2702 # > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week. 2703 # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well, 2704 # because of the Ramadan. 2705 2706 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-09-18): 2707 # According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the 2708 # Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00. 2709 2710 # From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20): 2711 # My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when 2712 # the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit 2713 # surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree. 2714 # For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be 2715 # the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00. 2716 2717 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 2718 # Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan. 2719 # 2720 # Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while 2721 # the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008). 2722 # 2723 # http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001 2724 # http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087 2725 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html 2726 2727 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26): 2728 # According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian 2729 # government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March 2730 # 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009. 2731 # 2732 # (in Arabic) 2733 # http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850 2734 # 2735 # (English translation) 2736 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html 2737 2738 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31): 2739 # Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to 2740 # winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04. 2741 # 2742 # One news source: 2743 # http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158 2744 # (Palestinian press agency, Arabic), 2745 # Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah 2746 # headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of 2747 # 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty 2748 # minutes per hour as of Friday morning." 2749 # 2750 # We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different 2751 # end date, we will keep this page updated: 2752 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html 2753 2754 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02): 2755 # Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank. 2756 # 2757 # According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan 2758 # to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009. 2759 # 2760 # "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza" 2761 # (from Palestinian National Authority): 2762 # http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 2763 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html 2764 2765 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19): 2766 # According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March 2767 # 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri 2768 # (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?) 2769 # 2770 # http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697 2771 # (in Arabic) 2772 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html 2773 2774 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24): 2775 # ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will 2776 # start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or 2777 # noon though: 2778 # 2779 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178 2780 # (Ma'an News Agency) 2781 # "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to 2782 # 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning." 2783 2784 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11): 2785 # According to several sources, including 2786 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795 2787 # the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in 2788 # Gaza and the West Bank. 2789 # Some more background info: 2790 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html 2791 2792 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26): 2793 # Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of 2794 # August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30 2795 # 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of 2796 # Ramadan. 2797 # 2798 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217 2799 # Additional info: 2800 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html 2801 2802 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27): 2803 # According to the article in The Jerusalem Post: 2804 # "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to 2805 # move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the 2806 # Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back. 2807 # The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after 2808 # the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..." 2809 # ... 2810 # https://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650 2811 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html 2812 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file. 2813 2814 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30): 2815 # West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30 2816 # 00:00). 2817 # So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again. 2818 # 2819 # Many sources, including: 2820 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808 2821 2822 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 2823 # Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST 2824 # on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00). 2825 # Some of many sources in Arabic: 2826 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638 2827 # 2828 # http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html 2829 # 2830 # Our brief summary: 2831 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html 2832 2833 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26): 2834 # The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving 2835 # time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated). 2836 # [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.] 2837 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120 2838 # http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html 2839 2840 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24): 2841 # The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight 2842 # (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...). 2843 # This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect 2844 # at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip": 2845 # http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246 2846 # official source...: 2847 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252 2848 2849 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-03-03): 2850 # Sources such as http://www.alquds.com/news/article/view/id/548257 2851 # and https://www.raya.ps/ar/news/890705.html say Palestine areas will 2852 # start DST on 2015-03-28 00:00 which is one day later than expected. 2853 # 2854 # From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03): 2855 # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/ramallah?year=2014 2856 # says that the fall 2014 transition was Oct 23 at 24:00. 2857 2858 # From Hannah Kreitem (2016-03-09): 2859 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/ar/ViewDetails?ID=31728 2860 # [Google translation]: "The Council also decided to start daylight 2861 # saving in Palestine as of one o'clock on Saturday morning, 2862 # 2016-03-26, to provide the clock 60 minutes ahead." 2863 2864 # From Sharef Mustafa (2016-10-19): 2865 # [T]he Palestinian cabinet decision (Mar 8th 2016) published on 2866 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/Upload/Decree/GOV_17/16032016134830.pdf 2867 # states that summer time will end on Oct 29th at 01:00. 2868 # 2869 # From Tim Parenti (2016-10-19): 2870 # Predict fall transitions on October's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on. 2871 # This is consistent with the 2016 transition as well as our spring 2872 # predictions. 2873 # 2874 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-19): 2875 # It's also consistent with predictions in the following URLs today: 2876 # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/gaza-strip/gaza 2877 # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/hebron 2878 2879 # From Sharef Mustafa (2018-03-16): 2880 # Palestine summer time will start on Mar 24th 2018 by advancing the 2881 # clock by 60 minutes as per Palestinian cabinet decision published on 2882 # the official website, though the decree did not specify the exact 2883 # time of the time shift. 2884 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/Website/AR/NDecrees/ViewFile.ashx?ID=e7a42ab7-ee23-435a-b9c8-a4f7e81f3817 2885 # 2886 # From Paul Eggert (2018-03-16): 2887 # For 2016 on, predict spring transitions on March's fourth Saturday at 01:00. 2888 2889 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2890 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 2891 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2892 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2893 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 2894 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 2895 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 2896 2897 Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S 2898 Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 2899 Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 2900 Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 2901 Rule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2902 Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2903 Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 - 2904 Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2905 Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 2906 Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 - 2907 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2908 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 - 2909 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S 2910 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 2911 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S 2912 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 2913 Rule Palestine 2012 2014 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 2914 Rule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 - 2915 Rule Palestine 2013 only - Sep Fri>=21 0:00 0 - 2916 Rule Palestine 2014 2015 - Oct Fri>=21 0:00 0 - 2917 Rule Palestine 2015 only - Mar lastFri 24:00 1:00 S 2918 Rule Palestine 2016 max - Mar Sat>=22 1:00 1:00 S 2919 Rule Palestine 2016 max - Oct lastSat 1:00 0 - 2920 2921 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2922 Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct 2923 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15 2924 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 2925 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 2926 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2927 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00 2928 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep 2929 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010 2930 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01 2931 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1 2932 2:00 - EET 2012 2933 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2934 2935 Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct 2936 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15 2937 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 2938 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 2939 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2940 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2941 2942 # Paracel Is 2943 # no information 2944 2945 # Philippines 2946 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the 2947 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to 2948 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's 2949 # History of the International Date Line 2950 # https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm 2951 # The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger. 2952 2953 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26): 2954 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990: 2955 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/ 2956 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires, 2957 # but no details] 2958 2959 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14): 2960 # The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again 2961 # March-June, but this is not definite. It also says DST was last proclaimed 2962 # during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details. 2963 # Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time. 2964 # Philippine Star 2014-08-05 2965 # http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time 2966 2967 # From Paul Goyette (2018-06-15): 2968 # In the Philippines, there is a national law, Republic Act No. 10535 2969 # which declares the official time here as "Philippine Standard Time". 2970 # The act [1] even specifies use of PST as the abbreviation, although 2971 # the FAQ provided by PAGASA [2] uses the "acronym PhST to distinguish 2972 # it from the Pacific Standard Time (PST)." 2973 # [1] http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2013/05/15/republic-act-no-10535/ 2974 # [2] https://www1.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/index.php/astronomy/philippine-standard-time#republic-act-10535 2975 # 2976 # From Paul Eggert (2018-06-19): 2977 # I surveyed recent news reports, and my impression is that "PST" is 2978 # more popular among reliable English-language news sources. This is 2979 # not just a measure of Google hit counts: it's also the sizes and 2980 # influence of the sources. There is no current abbreviation for DST, 2981 # so use "PDT", the usual American style. 2982 2983 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2984 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 D 2985 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 S 2986 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 D 2987 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S 2988 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 2989 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 2990 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2991 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 2992 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11 2993 8:00 Phil P%sT 1942 May 2994 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov 2995 8:00 Phil P%sT 2996 2997 # Qatar 2998 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2999 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha 3000 4:00 - +04 1972 Jun 3001 3:00 - +03 3002 Link Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain 3003 3004 # Saudi Arabia 3005 # 3006 # From Paul Eggert (2018-08-29): 3007 # Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not 3008 # standardized until 1968 or so; we don't know exactly when, and possibly it 3009 # has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to 3010 # modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines 3011 # observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar 3012 # time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12 3013 # o'clock for "Arab" time). 3014 # 3015 # Timekeeping differed depending on who you were and which part of Saudi 3016 # Arabia you were in. In 1969, Elias Antar wrote that although a common 3017 # practice had been to set one's watch to 12:00 (i.e., midnight) at sunset - 3018 # which meant that the time on one side of a mountain could differ greatly from 3019 # the time on the other side - many foreigners set their watches to 6pm 3020 # instead, while airlines instead used UTC +03 (except in Dhahran, where they 3021 # used UTC +04), Aramco used UTC +03 with DST, and the Trans-Arabian Pipe Line 3022 # Company used Aramco time in eastern Saudi Arabia and airline time in western. 3023 # (The American Military Aid Advisory Group used plain UTC.) Antar writes, 3024 # "A man named Higgins, so the story goes, used to run a local power 3025 # station. One day, the whole thing became too much for Higgins and he 3026 # assembled his staff and laid down the law. 'I've had enough of this,' he 3027 # shrieked. 'It is now 12 o'clock Higgins Time, and from now on this station is 3028 # going to run on Higgins Time.' And so, until last year, it did." See: 3029 # Antar E. Dinner at When? Saudi Aramco World, 1969 March/April. 2-3. 3030 # http://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/196902/dinner.at.when.htm 3031 # newspapers.com says a similar story about Higgins was published in the Port 3032 # Angeles (WA) Evening News, 1965-03-10, page 5, but I lack access to the text. 3033 # 3034 # The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best 3035 # we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics 3036 # Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated 3037 # a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and 3038 # Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the 3039 # earlier date. 3040 # 3041 # Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two 3042 # time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of 3043 # the country. Presumably this is documenting airline time. Ignore this, 3044 # as it's before our 1970 cutoff. 3045 # 3046 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3047 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14 3048 3:00 - +03 3049 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden # Yemen 3050 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait 3051 3052 # Singapore 3053 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 3054 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html 3055 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3056 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 3057 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 3058 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1 3059 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1 3060 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1 3061 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16 3062 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 3063 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1 3064 8:00 - +08 3065 3066 # Spratly Is 3067 # no information 3068 3069 # Sri Lanka 3070 3071 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 3072 # Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo 3073 # mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably 3074 # from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with 3075 # Shanks and Pottenger. 3076 3077 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 3078 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout" 3079 # (<http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html>, 1996-05-24, 3080 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17) 3081 # reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at 3082 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'." 3083 # 3084 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted 3085 # by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section 3086 # <news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net> (1996-10-26): 3087 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996 3088 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT. 3089 3090 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online 3091 # <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13): 3092 # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes) 3093 # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006). 3094 3095 # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in: 3096 # http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML 3097 # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply 3098 # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean 3099 # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India. 3100 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18): 3101 # People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'], 3102 # as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970. 3103 3104 # From Sadika Sumanapala (2016-10-19): 3105 # According to http://www.sltime.org (maintained by Measurement Units, 3106 # Standards & Services Department, Sri Lanka) abbreviation for Sri Lanka 3107 # standard time is SLST. 3108 # 3109 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-18): 3110 # "SLST" seems to be reasonably recent and rarely-used outside time 3111 # zone nerd sources. I searched Google News and found three uses of 3112 # it in the International Business Times of India in February and 3113 # March of this year when discussing cricket match times, but nothing 3114 # since then (though there has been a lot of cricket) and nothing in 3115 # other English-language news sources. Our old abbreviation "LKT" is 3116 # even worse. For now, let's use a numeric abbreviation; we can 3117 # switch to "SLST" if it catches on. 3118 3119 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3120 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880 3121 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time 3122 5:30 - +0530 1942 Jan 5 3123 5:30 0:30 +06 1942 Sep 3124 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 16 2:00 3125 5:30 - +0530 1996 May 25 0:00 3126 6:30 - +0630 1996 Oct 26 0:30 3127 6:00 - +06 2006 Apr 15 0:30 3128 5:30 - +0530 3129 3130 # Syria 3131 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3132 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 3133 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 3134 Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S 3135 Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 3136 Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 3137 Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 3138 Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 3139 Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 3140 Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S 3141 Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 3142 Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 3143 Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 - 3144 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S 3145 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 3146 Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S 3147 Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 - 3148 Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S 3149 Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 3150 Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S 3151 Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 3152 Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 3153 Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S 3154 Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 3155 Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 3156 Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3157 Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S 3158 Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 3159 Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 3160 # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02; 3161 # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02, 3162 # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31; 3163 # (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22; 3164 # for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger, 3165 # except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan). 3166 Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 3167 Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3168 Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S 3169 Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 3170 # From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18): 3171 # According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC] 3172 # this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt. 3173 Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 3174 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 3175 # Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday." 3176 # http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php 3177 Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 3178 # From Jesper Nørgaard (2007-10-27): 3179 # The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will 3180 # not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or 3181 # rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than 3182 # having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the 3183 # weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now 3184 # it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend... 3185 # 3186 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27): 3187 # Jesper Nørgaard Welen wrote: 3188 # 3189 # > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1 3190 # > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour." 3191 # 3192 # I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic): 3193 # http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247 3194 # 3195 # which using Google's translate tools says: 3196 # Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on 3197 # identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th 3198 # minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007. 3199 Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 3200 3201 # From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17): 3202 # For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for 3203 # this month (March 2008) in the last day or so.... 3204 # Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST 3205 # Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date 3206 # Variation 3207 # Syrian Arab 3208 # Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300 3209 # 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300 3210 # 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300 3211 3212 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17): 3213 # Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News 3214 # Agency (SANA)... 3215 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm 3216 # ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the 3217 # Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April 3218 # 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd." 3219 # Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times 3220 # shown above match up with midnight in Syria. 3221 3222 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 3223 # My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1"; 3224 # coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone 3225 # compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel). 3226 # For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end. 3227 3228 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07): 3229 # Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year, 3230 # according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA). 3231 # 3232 # The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to 3233 # winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting 3234 # clocks back 60 minutes). 3235 # 3236 # http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm 3237 3238 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19): 3239 # Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources, 3240 # two examples: 3241 # 3242 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm 3243 # (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency) 3244 # http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209 3245 # (Arabic, gov-site) 3246 # 3247 # We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year. 3248 # 3249 # Our summary 3250 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html 3251 3252 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27): 3253 # The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will 3254 # revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday 3255 # 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30: 3256 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic) 3257 3258 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 3259 # We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last 3260 # Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or 3261 # something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday. 3262 3263 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17): 3264 # The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of 3265 # Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday 3266 # 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday): 3267 # http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic) 3268 3269 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 3270 # Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday 3271 # (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years. 3272 # 3273 # From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic: 3274 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm 3275 # 3276 # Our brief summary: 3277 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html 3278 3279 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27): 3280 # Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX. 3281 3282 Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 3283 Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 3284 Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 3285 Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 3286 Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 3287 Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 - 3288 3289 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3290 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq 3291 2:00 Syria EE%sT 3292 3293 # Tajikistan 3294 # From Shanks & Pottenger. 3295 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3296 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 3297 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 3298 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3299 5:00 1:00 +05/+06 1991 Sep 9 2:00s 3300 5:00 - +05 3301 3302 # Thailand 3303 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3304 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880 3305 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time 3306 7:00 - +07 3307 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh # Cambodia 3308 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane # Laos 3309 3310 # Turkmenistan 3311 # From Shanks & Pottenger. 3312 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3313 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad 3314 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 3315 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00 3316 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00 3317 5:00 - +05 3318 3319 # United Arab Emirates 3320 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3321 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920 3322 4:00 - +04 3323 Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat # Oman 3324 3325 # Uzbekistan 3326 # Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53. 3327 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3328 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2 3329 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 3330 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 3331 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 3332 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 3333 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 3334 5:00 - +05 3335 # Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest. 3336 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2 3337 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 3338 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00 3339 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 3340 5:00 - +05 3341 3342 # Vietnam 3343 3344 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04): 3345 # Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being 3346 # used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways 3347 # from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks 3348 # and Pottenger for LMT before 1906. 3349 3350 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 3351 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh 3352 # City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters. 3353 3354 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-21) after a heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân: 3355 # Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)" 3356 # (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50, 3357 # is quoted verbatim in: 3358 # http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01 3359 # is translated by Brian Inglis in: 3360 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html 3361 # and is the basis for the information below. 3362 # 3363 # The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to 3364 # Phù Liễn Observatory, legally 104° 17' 17" east of Paris. 3365 # It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or 3366 # the Paris Meridian (2° 20' 14.03" E); the former yields 07:06:30.1333... 3367 # and the latter 07:06:29.333... so either way it rounds to 07:06:30, 3368 # which is used below even though the modern-day Phù Liễn Observatory 3369 # is closer to 07:06:31. Abbreviate Phù Liễn Mean Time as PLMT. 3370 # 3371 # The following transitions occurred in Indochina in general (before 1954) 3372 # and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954): 3373 # To 07:00 on 1911-05-01. 3374 # To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00. 3375 # To 09:00 in 1945-03-14 at 23:00. 3376 # To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam. 3377 # To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina. 3378 # To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam. 3379 # To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam. 3380 # To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam. 3381 # 3382 # Trần cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above. 3383 # 3384 # Hoàng Xuân Hãn: "Lịch và lịch Việt Nam". Tập san Khoa học Xã hội, 3385 # No. 9, Paris, February 1982. 3386 # 3387 # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch và niên biểu lịch sử hai mươi thế kỷ (0001-2010)", 3388 # NXB Thống kê, Hanoi, 2000. 3389 # 3390 # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu", 3391 # NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995. 3392 3393 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3394 Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1 3395 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 # Phù Liễn MT 3396 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00 3397 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00 3398 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2 3399 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1 3400 8:00 - +08 1955 Jul 1 3401 7:00 - +07 1959 Dec 31 23:00 3402 8:00 - +08 1975 Jun 13 3403 7:00 - +07 3404 3405 # Yemen 3406 # See Asia/Riyadh.