4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
9 #
10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
14 # accompanied this code).
15 #
16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
19 #
20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
22 # questions.
23 #
24 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
25 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
26
27 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
28 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
29 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
30 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
31
32 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10):
33 #
34 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
35 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
36 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
37 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
38 #
39 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
40 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport
41 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
42 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
43 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
523
524 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
525 Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s
526 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
527 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
528 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
529 0:00 EU GMT/BST
530 Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey
531 Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey
532 Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man
533
534 # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-15):
535 # In January 2018 we discovered that the negative SAVE values in the
536 # Eire rules cause problems with tests for ICU:
537 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-January/025825.html
538 # and with tests for OpenJDK:
539 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-January/025822.html
540 #
541 # To work around this problem, the build procedure can translate the
542 # following data into two forms, one with negative SAVE values and the
543 # other form with a traditional approximation for Irish time stamps
544 # after 1971-10-31 02:00 UTC; although this approximation has tm_isdst
545 # flags that are reversed, its UTC offsets are correct and this often
546 # suffices. This source file currently uses only nonnegative SAVE
547 # values, but this is intended to change and downstream code should
548 # not rely on it.
549 #
550 # The following is like GB-Eire and EU, except with standard time in
551 # summer and negative daylight saving time in winter. It is for when
552 # negative SAVE values are used.
553 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
554 #Rule Eire 1971 only - Oct 31 2:00u -1:00 -
555 #Rule Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00u 0 -
556 #Rule Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00u -1:00 -
557 #Rule Eire 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 0 -
558 #Rule Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u -1:00 -
559 #Rule Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u -1:00 -
560 #Rule Eire 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u -1:00 -
561
562 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
563 Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
2433 # According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from
2434 # Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...
2435 # still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located.
2436 #
2437 # For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from
2438 # John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07):
2439 # News - often false - is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was
2440 # time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with
2441 # the rest of Russia for two weeks - even soldiers stationed here began
2442 # enforcing curfew at the wrong time.
2443 #
2444 # From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05):
2445 # There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in
2446 # UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the
2447 # SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan
2448 # until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok
2449 # since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are
2450 # administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have
2451 # remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan.
2452
2453 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
2454 # The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist
2455 # with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions
2456 # are covered by each zone. They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative
2457 # listing. The region codes listed come from
2458 # https://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498
2459 # and are used for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their
2460 # future stability. ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level
2461 # divisions where available.
2462
2463 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2464
2465
2466 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2467 # Europe/Kaliningrad covers...
2468 # 39 RU-KGD Kaliningrad Oblast
2469
2470 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2471 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
2472
2473 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
2474 # http://www.rgo.ru/ru/kaliningradskoe-oblastnoe-otdelenie/ob-otdelenii/publikacii/kak-nam-zhilos-bez-letnego-vremeni
2475 # confirms that the 1989 change to Moscow-1 was implemented.
2476 # (The article, though, is misattributed to 1990 while saying that
2477 # summer->winter transition would be done on the 24 of September. But
2478 # 1990-09-24 was Monday, while 1989-09-24 was Sunday as expected.)
2479 # ...
2480 # http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091
2481 # says that Kaliningrad switched to Moscow-1 on 1989-03-26, avoided
2482 # at the last moment switch to Moscow-1 on 1991-03-31, switched to
2483 # Moscow on 1991-11-03, switched to Moscow-1 on 1992-01-19.
2484
2485 Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
2713 # Council to change its time zone to UTC+4 (from current UTC+3 Moscow time)....
2714 # This Federal Law shall enter into force on 27 March 2016 at 02:00.
2715 # From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
2716 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201602150056
2717
2718 Zone Europe/Astrakhan 3:12:12 - LMT 1924 May
2719 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2720 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
2721 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2722 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2723 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2724 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2725 3:00 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2:00s
2726 4:00 - +04
2727
2728 # From Paul Eggert (2016-11-11):
2729 # Europe/Volgograd covers:
2730 # 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast
2731 # The 1988 transition is from USSR act No. 5 (1988-01-04).
2732
2733 Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3
2734 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2735 4:00 - +04 1961 Nov 11
2736 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1988 Mar 27 2:00s
2737 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2738 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2739 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2740 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2741 3:00 - +03
2742
2743 # From Paul Eggert (2016-11-11):
2744 # Europe/Saratov covers:
2745 # 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast
2746
2747 # From Yuri Konotopov (2016-11-11):
2748 # Dec 4, 2016 02:00 UTC+3.... Saratov Region's local time will be ... UTC+4.
2749 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-11):
2750 # ... Byalokoz listed Saratov on 03:04:18.
2751 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-22):
2752 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201611220031
2753
2754 Zone Europe/Saratov 3:04:18 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
2755 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2756 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1988 Mar 27 2:00s
2757 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2758 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2759 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2760 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2761 3:00 - +03 2016 Dec 4 2:00s
3410 #Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00 1:00 S
3411 Rule Spain 1939 only - Oct 7 24:00s 0 -
3412 Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 23:00 1:00 S
3413 Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 1:00 0 -
3414 Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S
3415 Rule Spain 1943 1944 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
3416 Rule Spain 1945 1946 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
3417 Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
3418 Rule Spain 1949 only - Oct 2 1:00 0 -
3419 Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=12 23:00 1:00 S
3420 Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
3421 Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S
3422 Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
3423 Rule Spain 1977 only - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S
3424 Rule Spain 1978 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
3425 Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
3426 # Nationalist Spain during the civil war
3427 #Rule NatSpain 1937 only - May 22 23:00 1:00 S
3428 #Rule NatSpain 1937 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 24:00s 0 -
3429 #Rule NatSpain 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00 1:00 S
3430 # The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978.
3431 Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
3432 Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3433 Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
3434 Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
3435 Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
3436 Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
3437 Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
3438 Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
3439 Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
3440 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3441 Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1900 Dec 31 23:45:16
3442 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1940 Mar 16 23:00
3443 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979
3444 1:00 EU CE%sT
3445 Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1900 Dec 31 23:38:44
3446 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00
3447 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00
3448 0:00 - WET 1924
3449 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929
3450 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
3451 1:00 - CET 1986
3452 1:00 EU CE%sT
3453 Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
3454 -1:00 - -01 1946 Sep 30 1:00
3455 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
3456 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 1:00u
3457 0:00 EU WE%sT
3458 # IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
3459 # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
3460
3461 # Sweden
3462
3463 # From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
3464 #
3465 # The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
3466 # From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
3467 # places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
3468 # three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
3469 # meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31.
3615
3616 # Turkey
3617
3618 # From Kıvanç Yazan (2016-09-25):
3619 # 1) For 1986-2006, DST started at 01:00 local and ended at 02:00 local, with
3620 # no exceptions.
3621 # 2) 1994's lastSun was overridden with Mar 20 ...
3622 # Here are official papers:
3623 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19032.pdf - page 2 for 1986
3624 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19400.pdf - page 4 for 1987
3625 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19752.pdf - page 15 for 1988
3626 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20102.pdf - page 6 for 1989
3627 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20464.pdf - page 1 for 1990 - 1992
3628 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21531.pdf - page 15 for 1993 - 1995
3629 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21879.pdf - page 1 for overriding 1994
3630 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/22588.pdf - page 1 for 1996, 1997
3631 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/23286.pdf - page 10 for 1998 - 2000
3632 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2001/03/20010324.htm#2 - for 2001
3633 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2002/03/20020316.htm#2 - for 2002-2006
3634 # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-25):
3635 # Prefer the above sources to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1985.
3636
3637 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09):
3638 # Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC
3639 # start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07):
3640 # http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp
3641 # The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...:
3642 # http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm
3643 # I was able to locate the following seemingly official document
3644 # (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006:
3645 # http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm
3646
3647 # From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10):
3648 # According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer
3649 # time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27.
3650 # This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th.
3651 # https://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872
3652 # Turkish:
3653 # https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-bir-gun-ileri-alindi-17230464
3654
3655 # From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14):
3825 # "summer time" was still in action):
3826 # 09 30 1990 03:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST
3827 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 21.09.1990, No. 272.
3828 # http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/KP900272.html
3829 #
3830 # Again no change in March, 1991 ("summer time" in action):
3831 # 03 31 1991 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST
3832 #
3833 # DST ended in September 1991 ("summer time" ended):
3834 # 09 29 1991 03:00 -02.00 0 Time Zone 2, no DST
3835 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 25.09.1991, No. 225.
3836 # http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_21/pg_iwgdoc.htm
3837 # This is an answer.
3838 #
3839 # Since 1992 they had normal DST procedure:
3840 # 03 29 1992 02:00 -02.00 1 DST started
3841 # 09 27 1992 03:00 -02.00 0 DST ended
3842 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 20.03.1992, No. 139.
3843 # http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_8u/pg_grcasa.htm
3844
3845 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3846 # Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev.
3847 # "Kyiv" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
3848 # "Kiev" is more common in English.
3849 Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
3850 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time
3851 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
3852 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20
3853 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6
3854 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 1 2:00
3855 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 3:00
3856 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
3857 2:00 EU EE%sT
3858 # Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.
3859 # "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Rusyn/Ukrainian pronunciation, but
3860 # "Uzhgorod" is more common in English.
3861 Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct
3862 1:00 - CET 1940
3863 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
3864 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26
3865 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29
3866 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
3867 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
3868 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00
|
4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
9 #
10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
14 # accompanied this code).
15 #
16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
19 #
20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
22 # questions.
23 #
24 # tzdb data for Europe and environs
25
26 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
27 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
28
29 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
30 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
31 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
32 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
33
34 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10):
35 #
36 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
37 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
38 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
39 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
40 #
41 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
42 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport
43 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
44 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
45 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
525
526 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
527 Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s
528 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
529 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
530 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
531 0:00 EU GMT/BST
532 Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey
533 Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey
534 Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man
535
536 # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-15):
537 # In January 2018 we discovered that the negative SAVE values in the
538 # Eire rules cause problems with tests for ICU:
539 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-January/025825.html
540 # and with tests for OpenJDK:
541 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-January/025822.html
542 #
543 # To work around this problem, the build procedure can translate the
544 # following data into two forms, one with negative SAVE values and the
545 # other form with a traditional approximation for Irish timestamps
546 # after 1971-10-31 02:00 UTC; although this approximation has tm_isdst
547 # flags that are reversed, its UTC offsets are correct and this often
548 # suffices. This source file currently uses only nonnegative SAVE
549 # values, but this is intended to change and downstream code should
550 # not rely on it.
551 #
552 # The following is like GB-Eire and EU, except with standard time in
553 # summer and negative daylight saving time in winter. It is for when
554 # negative SAVE values are used.
555 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
556 #Rule Eire 1971 only - Oct 31 2:00u -1:00 -
557 #Rule Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00u 0 -
558 #Rule Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00u -1:00 -
559 #Rule Eire 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 0 -
560 #Rule Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u -1:00 -
561 #Rule Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u -1:00 -
562 #Rule Eire 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u -1:00 -
563
564 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
565 Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
2435 # According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from
2436 # Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...
2437 # still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located.
2438 #
2439 # For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from
2440 # John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07):
2441 # News - often false - is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was
2442 # time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with
2443 # the rest of Russia for two weeks - even soldiers stationed here began
2444 # enforcing curfew at the wrong time.
2445 #
2446 # From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05):
2447 # There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in
2448 # UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the
2449 # SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan
2450 # until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok
2451 # since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are
2452 # administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have
2453 # remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan.
2454
2455 # From Marat Nigametzianov (2018-07-16):
2456 # this is link to order from 1956 about timezone in USSR
2457 # http://astro.uni-altai.ru/~orion/blog/2011/11/novyie-granitsyi-chasovyih-poyasov-v-sssr/
2458 #
2459 # From Paul Eggert (2018-07-16):
2460 # Perhaps someone could translate the above-mentioned link and use it
2461 # to correct our data for the ex-Soviet Union. It cites the following:
2462 # «Поясное время и новые границы часовых поясов» / сост. П.Н. Долгов,
2463 # отв. ред. Г.Д. Бурдун - М: Комитет стандартов, мер и измерительных
2464 # приборов при Совете Министров СССР, Междуведомственная комиссия
2465 # единой службы времени, 1956 г.
2466 # This book looks like it would be a helpful resource for the Soviet
2467 # Union through 1956. Although a copy was in the Scientific Library
2468 # of Tomsk State University, I have not been able to track down a copy nearby.
2469 #
2470 # From Stepan Golosunov (2018-07-21):
2471 # http://astro.uni-altai.ru/~orion/blog/2015/05/center-reforma-ischisleniya-vremeni-br-na-territorii-sssr-v-1957-godu-center/
2472 # says that the 1956 decision to change time belts' borders was not
2473 # implemented as planned in 1956 and the change happened in 1957.
2474 # There is also the problem that actual time zones were different from
2475 # the official time belts (and from many time belts' maps) as there were
2476 # numerous exceptions to application of time belt rules. For example,
2477 # https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Московское_время#Перемещение_границы_применения_московского_времени_на_восток
2478 # says that by 1962 there were many regions in the 3rd time belt that
2479 # were on Moscow time, referring to a 1962 map. By 1989 number of such
2480 # exceptions grew considerably.
2481
2482 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
2483 # The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist
2484 # with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions
2485 # are covered by each zone. They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative
2486 # listing. The region codes listed come from
2487 # https://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498
2488 # and are used for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their
2489 # future stability. ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level
2490 # divisions where available.
2491
2492 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2493 # Europe/Kaliningrad covers...
2494 # 39 RU-KGD Kaliningrad Oblast
2495
2496 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2497 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
2498
2499 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
2500 # http://www.rgo.ru/ru/kaliningradskoe-oblastnoe-otdelenie/ob-otdelenii/publikacii/kak-nam-zhilos-bez-letnego-vremeni
2501 # confirms that the 1989 change to Moscow-1 was implemented.
2502 # (The article, though, is misattributed to 1990 while saying that
2503 # summer->winter transition would be done on the 24 of September. But
2504 # 1990-09-24 was Monday, while 1989-09-24 was Sunday as expected.)
2505 # ...
2506 # http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091
2507 # says that Kaliningrad switched to Moscow-1 on 1989-03-26, avoided
2508 # at the last moment switch to Moscow-1 on 1991-03-31, switched to
2509 # Moscow on 1991-11-03, switched to Moscow-1 on 1992-01-19.
2510
2511 Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
2739 # Council to change its time zone to UTC+4 (from current UTC+3 Moscow time)....
2740 # This Federal Law shall enter into force on 27 March 2016 at 02:00.
2741 # From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
2742 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201602150056
2743
2744 Zone Europe/Astrakhan 3:12:12 - LMT 1924 May
2745 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2746 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
2747 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2748 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2749 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2750 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2751 3:00 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2:00s
2752 4:00 - +04
2753
2754 # From Paul Eggert (2016-11-11):
2755 # Europe/Volgograd covers:
2756 # 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast
2757 # The 1988 transition is from USSR act No. 5 (1988-01-04).
2758
2759 # From Alexander Fetisov (2018-09-20):
2760 # Volgograd region in southern Russia (Europe/Volgograd) change
2761 # timezone from UTC+3 to UTC+4 from 28oct2018.
2762 # http://sozd.parliament.gov.ru/bill/452878-7
2763 #
2764 # From Stepan Golosunov (2018-10-11):
2765 # The law has been published today on
2766 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201810110037
2767
2768 Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3
2769 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2770 4:00 - +04 1961 Nov 11
2771 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1988 Mar 27 2:00s
2772 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2773 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2774 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2775 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2776 3:00 - +03 2018 Oct 28 2:00s
2777 4:00 - +04
2778
2779 # From Paul Eggert (2016-11-11):
2780 # Europe/Saratov covers:
2781 # 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast
2782
2783 # From Yuri Konotopov (2016-11-11):
2784 # Dec 4, 2016 02:00 UTC+3.... Saratov Region's local time will be ... UTC+4.
2785 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-11):
2786 # ... Byalokoz listed Saratov on 03:04:18.
2787 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-22):
2788 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201611220031
2789
2790 Zone Europe/Saratov 3:04:18 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
2791 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2792 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1988 Mar 27 2:00s
2793 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2794 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2795 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2796 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2797 3:00 - +03 2016 Dec 4 2:00s
3446 #Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00 1:00 S
3447 Rule Spain 1939 only - Oct 7 24:00s 0 -
3448 Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 23:00 1:00 S
3449 Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 1:00 0 -
3450 Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S
3451 Rule Spain 1943 1944 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
3452 Rule Spain 1945 1946 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
3453 Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
3454 Rule Spain 1949 only - Oct 2 1:00 0 -
3455 Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=12 23:00 1:00 S
3456 Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
3457 Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S
3458 Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
3459 Rule Spain 1977 only - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S
3460 Rule Spain 1978 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
3461 Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
3462 # Nationalist Spain during the civil war
3463 #Rule NatSpain 1937 only - May 22 23:00 1:00 S
3464 #Rule NatSpain 1937 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 24:00s 0 -
3465 #Rule NatSpain 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00 1:00 S
3466 # The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978,
3467 # except with "S" letters.
3468 Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
3469 Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3470 Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
3471 Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
3472 Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
3473 Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
3474 Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
3475 Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
3476 Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
3477 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3478 Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1900 Dec 31 23:45:16
3479 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1940 Mar 16 23:00
3480 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979
3481 1:00 EU CE%sT
3482 Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1900 Dec 31 23:38:44
3483 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00
3484 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00
3485 0:00 - WET 1924
3486 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929
3487 0:00 - WET 1967 # Help zishrink.awk.
3488 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
3489 1:00 - CET 1986
3490 1:00 EU CE%sT
3491 Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
3492 -1:00 - -01 1946 Sep 30 1:00
3493 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
3494 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 1:00u
3495 0:00 EU WE%sT
3496 # IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
3497 # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
3498
3499 # Sweden
3500
3501 # From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
3502 #
3503 # The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
3504 # From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
3505 # places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
3506 # three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
3507 # meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31.
3653
3654 # Turkey
3655
3656 # From Kıvanç Yazan (2016-09-25):
3657 # 1) For 1986-2006, DST started at 01:00 local and ended at 02:00 local, with
3658 # no exceptions.
3659 # 2) 1994's lastSun was overridden with Mar 20 ...
3660 # Here are official papers:
3661 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19032.pdf - page 2 for 1986
3662 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19400.pdf - page 4 for 1987
3663 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19752.pdf - page 15 for 1988
3664 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20102.pdf - page 6 for 1989
3665 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20464.pdf - page 1 for 1990 - 1992
3666 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21531.pdf - page 15 for 1993 - 1995
3667 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21879.pdf - page 1 for overriding 1994
3668 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/22588.pdf - page 1 for 1996, 1997
3669 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/23286.pdf - page 10 for 1998 - 2000
3670 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2001/03/20010324.htm#2 - for 2001
3671 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2002/03/20020316.htm#2 - for 2002-2006
3672 # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-25):
3673 # Prefer the above sources to Shanks & Pottenger for timestamps after 1985.
3674
3675 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09):
3676 # Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC
3677 # start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07):
3678 # http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp
3679 # The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...:
3680 # http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm
3681 # I was able to locate the following seemingly official document
3682 # (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006:
3683 # http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm
3684
3685 # From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10):
3686 # According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer
3687 # time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27.
3688 # This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th.
3689 # https://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872
3690 # Turkish:
3691 # https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-bir-gun-ileri-alindi-17230464
3692
3693 # From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14):
3863 # "summer time" was still in action):
3864 # 09 30 1990 03:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST
3865 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 21.09.1990, No. 272.
3866 # http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/KP900272.html
3867 #
3868 # Again no change in March, 1991 ("summer time" in action):
3869 # 03 31 1991 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST
3870 #
3871 # DST ended in September 1991 ("summer time" ended):
3872 # 09 29 1991 03:00 -02.00 0 Time Zone 2, no DST
3873 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 25.09.1991, No. 225.
3874 # http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_21/pg_iwgdoc.htm
3875 # This is an answer.
3876 #
3877 # Since 1992 they had normal DST procedure:
3878 # 03 29 1992 02:00 -02.00 1 DST started
3879 # 09 27 1992 03:00 -02.00 0 DST ended
3880 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 20.03.1992, No. 139.
3881 # http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_8u/pg_grcasa.htm
3882
3883 # From Paul Eggert (2018-10-03):
3884 # As is usual in tzdb, Ukrainian zones use the most common English spellings.
3885 # For example, tzdb uses Europe/Kiev, as "Kiev" is the most common spelling in
3886 # English for Ukraine's capital, even though it is certainly wrong as a
3887 # transliteration of the Ukrainian "Київ". This is similar to tzdb's use of
3888 # Europe/Prague, which is certainly wrong as a transliteration of the Czech
3889 # "Praha". ("Kiev" came from old Slavic via Russian to English, and "Prague"
3890 # came from old Slavic via French to English, so the two cases have something
3891 # in common.) Admittedly English-language spelling of Ukrainian names is
3892 # controversial, and some day "Kyiv" may become substantially more popular in
3893 # English; in the meantime, stick with the traditional English "Kiev" as that
3894 # means less disruption for our users.
3895 #
3896 # Anyway, none of the common English-language spellings (Kiev, Kyiv, Kieff,
3897 # Kijeff, Kijev, Kiyef, Kiyeff) do justice to the common pronunciation in
3898 # Ukrainian, namely [ˈkɪjiu̯] (IPA). This pronunciation has nothing like an
3899 # English "v" or "f", and instead trails off with what an English-speaker
3900 # would call a demure "oo" sound, and it would would be better anglicized as
3901 # "Kuiyu". Here's a sound file, if you would like to do as the Kuiyuvians do:
3902 # https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Uk-Київ.ogg
3903
3904 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3905 # This represents most of Ukraine. See above for the spelling of "Kiev".
3906 Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
3907 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time
3908 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
3909 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20
3910 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6
3911 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 1 2:00
3912 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 3:00
3913 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
3914 2:00 EU EE%sT
3915 # Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.
3916 # "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Rusyn/Ukrainian pronunciation, but
3917 # "Uzhgorod" is more common in English.
3918 Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct
3919 1:00 - CET 1940
3920 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
3921 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26
3922 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29
3923 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
3924 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
3925 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00
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