1 # 2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 3 # 4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this 7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 9 # 10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 14 # accompanied this code). 15 # 16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 19 # 20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 22 # questions. 23 # 24 # tzdb data for Australasia and environs, and for much of the Pacific 25 26 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 27 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 28 29 # This file also includes Pacific islands. 30 31 # Notes are at the end of this file 32 33 ############################################################################### 34 35 # Australia 36 37 # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 38 39 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 40 Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D 41 Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S 42 Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D 43 Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S 44 Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D 45 Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 46 Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D 47 # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 48 # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 49 # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 50 51 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 52 # Northern Territory 53 Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 54 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 55 9:30 Aus AC%sT 56 # Western Australia 57 # 58 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 59 Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 60 Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 61 Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 62 Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 63 Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D 64 Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 65 Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D 66 Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 67 Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 68 Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 69 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul 70 8:00 AW AW%sT 71 Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 72 8:45 Aus +0845/+0945 1943 Jul 73 8:45 AW +0845/+0945 74 75 # Queensland 76 # 77 # From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 78 # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 79 # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 80 # Queensland ceased to. 81 # 82 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 83 # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 84 # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 85 # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 86 # so use Lindeman. 87 # 88 # From J William Piggott (2016-02-20): 89 # There is no location named Holiday Islands in Queensland Australia; holiday 90 # islands is a colloquial term used globally. Hayman and Lindeman are at the 91 # north and south extremes of the Whitsunday Islands archipelago, and 92 # Hamilton is in between; it is reasonable to believe that this time zone 93 # applies to all of the Whitsundays. 94 # http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-islands 95 # 96 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 97 Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 98 Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 99 Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 100 Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 101 Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 102 Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 103 Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 104 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 105 10:00 AQ AE%sT 106 Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 107 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 108 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul 109 10:00 Holiday AE%sT 110 111 # South Australia 112 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 113 Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 114 Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 115 Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 116 Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 117 Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 118 Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 119 Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S 120 Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S 121 Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S 122 Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S 123 Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 124 Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S 125 Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 126 Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 127 Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 128 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 129 Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 130 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 131 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 132 9:30 AS AC%sT 133 134 # Tasmania 135 # 136 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 137 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 138 # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 139 # 140 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 141 Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 142 Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 143 Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 144 Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S 145 Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 146 Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 147 Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 148 Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 149 Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 150 Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 151 Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D 152 Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 153 Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 154 Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 155 Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 156 Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 157 Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 158 Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 159 Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 160 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 161 Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 162 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 163 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 164 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 165 10:00 AT AE%sT 166 Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 167 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 168 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 169 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul 170 10:00 AT AE%sT 171 172 # Victoria 173 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 174 Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 175 Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 176 Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 177 Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 178 Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 179 Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 180 Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 181 Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 182 Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 183 Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 184 Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 185 Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 186 Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 187 Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 188 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 189 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 190 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 191 10:00 AV AE%sT 192 193 # New South Wales 194 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 195 Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 196 Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 197 Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 198 Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 199 Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 200 Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 201 Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 202 Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 203 Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 204 Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 205 Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 206 Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 207 Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 208 Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 209 Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 210 Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 211 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 212 Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 213 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 214 10:00 AN AE%sT 215 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 216 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23 217 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 218 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 219 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000 220 9:30 AS AC%sT 221 222 # Lord Howe Island 223 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 224 Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 225 Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 226 Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 227 Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 228 Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 229 Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 230 Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 231 Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 232 Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 233 Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 234 Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 235 Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 236 Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 237 Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 238 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 239 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar 240 10:30 LH +1030/+1130 1985 Jul 241 10:30 LH +1030/+11 242 243 # Australian miscellany 244 # 245 # Ashmore Is, Cartier 246 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 247 # no times are set 248 # 249 # Coral Sea Is 250 # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 251 # no times are set 252 # 253 # Macquarie 254 # Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; 255 # sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the 256 # Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island 257 # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828 258 # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831 259 # Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. 260 # 261 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 262 # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 263 # - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 264 # switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 265 # on 4 April. 266 # 267 # From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): 268 # The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics 269 # will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type; 270 # this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by 271 # pre-2013 versions of localtime. 272 Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - -00 1899 Nov 273 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 274 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 275 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s 276 0 - -00 1948 Mar 25 277 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 278 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00 279 11:00 - +11 280 281 # Christmas 282 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 283 Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 284 7:00 - +07 285 286 # Cocos (Keeling) Is 287 # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 288 # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 289 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 290 Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 291 6:30 - +0630 292 293 294 # Fiji 295 296 # Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. 297 298 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 299 # According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 300 # from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 301 # 302 # "Daylight savings to commence this month" 303 # http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 304 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 305 306 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 307 # The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 308 # amendments: 309 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 310 311 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 312 # The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 313 # 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 314 # The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 315 # 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 316 # 317 # Official source: 318 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 319 # 320 # A bit more background info here: 321 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 322 323 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 324 # According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 325 # weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 326 # Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 327 # Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 328 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 329 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 330 331 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 332 # Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 333 # assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 334 # 335 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 336 # which says 337 # Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 338 # advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 339 # 2am on February 26 next year. 340 341 # From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 342 # Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 343 # Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 344 # 345 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 346 # states: 347 # 348 # The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 349 # has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 350 # The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 351 # on the 23rd of October, 2011. 352 353 # From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 354 # The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 355 # today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 356 # October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 357 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 358 359 # From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: 360 # Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... 361 # move clocks forward by one hour from 2am 362 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx 363 364 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): 365 # Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: 366 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx 367 368 # From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20): 369 # DST will start Nov. 2 this year. 370 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx 371 372 # From a government order dated 2015-08-26 and published as Legal Notice No. 77 373 # in the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 24 (2015-08-28), 374 # via Ken Rylander (2015-09-02): 375 # the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time 376 # commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at 377 # 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016. 378 379 # From Raymond Kumar (2016-10-04): 380 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-6th-NOVEMBER,-2016.aspx 381 # "Fiji's daylight savings will begin on Sunday, 6 November 2016, when 382 # clocks go forward an hour at 2am to 3am.... Daylight Saving will 383 # end at 3.00am on Sunday 15th January 2017." 384 385 # From Paul Eggert (2017-08-21): 386 # Dominic Fok writes (2017-08-20) that DST ends 2018-01-14, citing 387 # Extraordinary Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 21 (2017-08-27), 388 # [Legal Notice No. 41] of an order of the previous day by J Usamate. 389 390 # From Raymond Kumar (2018-07-13): 391 # http://www.fijitimes.com/government-approves-2018-daylight-saving/ 392 # ... The daylight saving period will end at 3am on Sunday January 13, 2019. 393 # 394 # From Paul Eggert (2018-07-15): 395 # For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to 03:00 396 # the first Sunday on or after January 13. January transitions reportedly 397 # depend on when school terms start. Although the guess is ad hoc, it matches 398 # transitions since late 2014 and seems more likely to match future 399 # practice than guessing no DST. 400 401 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 402 Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 403 Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 404 Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 - 405 Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 406 Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 - 407 Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 408 Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 409 Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - 410 Rule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 411 Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=13 3:00 0 - 412 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 413 Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 414 12:00 Fiji +12/+13 415 416 # French Polynesia 417 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 418 Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 419 -9:00 - -09 420 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 421 -9:30 - -0930 422 Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 423 -10:00 - -10 424 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 425 # it is uninhabited. 426 427 # Guam 428 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 429 Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 430 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 431 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 432 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 433 Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is 434 435 # Kiribati 436 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 437 Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 438 12:00 - +12 439 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 440 -12:00 - -12 1979 Oct 441 -11:00 - -11 1994 Dec 31 442 13:00 - +13 443 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 444 -10:40 - -1040 1979 Oct 445 -10:00 - -10 1994 Dec 31 446 14:00 - +14 447 448 # N Mariana Is 449 # See Pacific/Guam. 450 451 # Marshall Is 452 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 453 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 454 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 455 12:00 - +12 456 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 457 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 458 -12:00 - -12 1993 Aug 20 459 12:00 - +12 460 461 # Micronesia 462 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 463 Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 464 10:00 - +10 465 Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 466 11:00 - +11 467 Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 468 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 469 12:00 - +12 1999 470 11:00 - +11 471 472 # Nauru 473 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 474 Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 475 11:30 - +1130 1942 Mar 15 476 9:00 - +09 1944 Aug 15 477 11:30 - +1130 1979 May 478 12:00 - +12 479 480 # New Caledonia 481 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 482 Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 - 483 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 484 Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 - 485 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 486 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 487 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 488 Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa 489 11:00 NC +11/+12 490 491 492 ############################################################################### 493 494 # New Zealand 495 496 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 497 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 498 Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 499 Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 500 Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 501 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 502 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 503 Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 504 # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but until 2018a 505 # there was no documented single notation for the date and time of this 506 # transition. Duplicate the Rule lines for now, to give the 2018a change 507 # time to percolate out. 508 Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 509 Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 - 510 Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 511 Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 - 512 Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 513 Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 - 514 Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 515 Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 - 516 Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 517 Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 - 518 Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 519 Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 - 520 Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 521 Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 - 522 Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 523 Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 - 524 Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 525 Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 - 526 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 527 Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 528 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 529 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 530 Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 531 12:15 - +1215 1946 Jan 1 532 12:45 Chatham +1245/+1345 533 534 Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo 535 536 # Auckland Is 537 # uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 538 # and scientific personnel have wintered 539 540 # Campbell I 541 # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 542 # scientific station operated 1941/1995; 543 # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 544 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland 545 546 # Cook Is 547 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 548 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 549 Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 - 550 Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 551 Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 - 552 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 553 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 554 -10:30 - -1030 1978 Nov 12 555 -10:00 Cook -10/-0930 556 557 ############################################################################### 558 559 560 # Niue 561 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 562 Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 563 -11:20 - -1120 1951 564 -11:30 - -1130 1978 Oct 1 565 -11:00 - -11 566 567 # Norfolk 568 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 569 Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 570 11:12 - +1112 1951 571 11:30 - +1130 1974 Oct 27 02:00 572 11:30 1:00 +1230 1975 Mar 2 02:00 573 11:30 - +1130 2015 Oct 4 02:00 574 11:00 - +11 575 576 # Palau (Belau) 577 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 578 Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 579 9:00 - +09 580 581 # Papua New Guinea 582 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 583 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 584 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 585 10:00 - +10 586 # 587 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): 588 # Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have 589 # the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War. 590 # 591 # Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates 592 # are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns. 593 # The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta. 594 # The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942, 595 # according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia 596 # https://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm 597 # and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender. 598 # 599 # The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11 600 # on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time". 601 # See: 602 # http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/ 603 # 604 Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880 605 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 606 10:00 - +10 1942 Jul 607 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 21 608 10:00 - +10 2014 Dec 28 2:00 609 11:00 - +11 610 611 # Pitcairn 612 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 613 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 614 -8:30 - -0830 1998 Apr 27 0:00 615 -8:00 - -08 616 617 # American Samoa 618 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1892 Jul 5 619 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 620 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 621 Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway # in US minor outlying islands 622 623 # Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa) 624 625 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 626 # We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 627 # the following info: 628 # 629 # "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 630 # commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 631 # Sunday of April 2011." 632 # 633 # Background info: 634 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 635 # 636 # Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 637 # contain any dates: 638 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 639 640 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 641 # Please see 642 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws 643 # the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 644 # September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 645 # to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 646 # backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 647 648 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 649 # [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf] 650 # 651 # ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am 652 # or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to 653 # measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock 654 # (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 655 656 # From David Zülke (2011-05-09): 657 # Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 658 # 659 # http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 660 661 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27): 662 # The International Date Line Act 2011 663 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf 664 # changed Samoa from UT -11 to +13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on 665 # Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted 666 # accordingly. 667 668 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 669 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 670 # 671 # here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 672 # 673 # DST 674 # Year End Time Start Time 675 # 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 676 # 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 677 # 678 # Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 679 # Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 680 # Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 681 # 682 # From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10): 683 # Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 684 # ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.... 685 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 686 # 687 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 688 # That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4. 689 # Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely. 690 691 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 692 Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 - 693 Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 - 694 Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 - 695 Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 - 696 Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 - 697 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 698 Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1892 Jul 5 699 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 700 -11:30 - -1130 1950 701 -11:00 WS -11/-10 2011 Dec 29 24:00 702 13:00 WS +13/+14 703 704 # Solomon Is 705 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 706 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 707 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 708 11:00 - +11 709 710 # Tokelau 711 # 712 # From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 713 # A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 714 # December 31 this year ... 715 # 716 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 717 # ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 718 # about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 719 # Shanks says UT-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 720 # actually was to UT-11 back then. 721 # 722 # From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 723 # A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 724 # Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 725 # <https://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 726 # was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 727 # are off by an hour starting in 1901. 728 729 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 730 Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 731 -11:00 - -11 2011 Dec 30 732 13:00 - +13 733 734 # Tonga 735 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 736 Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 - 737 Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 738 Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 739 Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 740 Rule Tonga 2016 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 741 Rule Tonga 2017 only - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 - 742 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 743 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 744 12:20 - +1220 1941 745 13:00 - +13 1999 746 13:00 Tonga +13/+14 747 748 # Tuvalu 749 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 750 Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 751 12:00 - +12 752 753 754 # US minor outlying islands 755 756 # Howland, Baker 757 # Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 758 # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 759 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 760 # uninhabited thereafter. 761 # Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT -10:30) in 1937; 762 # see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 763 # Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 764 # So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 765 # until they were abandoned after the war. 766 767 # Jarvis 768 # Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 769 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 770 # uninhabited thereafter. 771 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 772 773 # Johnston 774 # 775 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): 776 # Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. 777 # Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so 778 # treat it like Hawaii for now. Since Johnston is now uninhabited, 779 # its link to Pacific/Honolulu is in the 'backward' file. 780 # 781 # In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 782 # <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, 783 # "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM 784 # Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and 785 # confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. 786 # 787 # From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): 788 # [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used 789 # was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, 790 # which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the 791 # time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last 792 # Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, 793 # "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the 794 # Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976. 795 # https://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf 796 # See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a 797 # footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time 798 # Minus One Hour". 799 800 # Kingman 801 # uninhabited 802 803 # Midway 804 # See Pacific/Pago_Pago. 805 806 # Palmyra 807 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 808 809 # Wake 810 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 811 Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 812 12:00 - +12 813 814 815 # Vanuatu 816 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 817 Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 - 818 Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 819 Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 - 820 Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 - 821 Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 822 Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 - 823 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 824 Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 825 11:00 Vanuatu +11/+12 826 827 # Wallis and Futuna 828 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 829 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 830 12:00 - +12 831 832 ############################################################################### 833 834 # NOTES 835 836 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 837 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 838 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 839 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 840 841 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): 842 # 843 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 844 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 845 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 846 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 847 # 848 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 849 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport 850 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 851 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 852 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 853 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 854 # 855 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 856 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 857 # I found in the UCLA library. 858 # 859 # For data circa 1899, a common source is: 860 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 861 # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 862 # 863 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 864 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 865 # 866 # The following abbreviations are from other sources. 867 # Corrections are welcome! 868 # std dst 869 # LMT Local Mean Time 870 # 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia 871 # 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia 872 # 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia 873 # 10:00 GST Guam through 2000 874 # 10:00 ChST Chamorro 875 # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 876 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 877 # -11:00 SST Samoa 878 # -10:00 HST Hawaii 879 # 880 # See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii. 881 # See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is. 882 883 ############################################################################### 884 885 # Australia 886 887 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 888 # Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting 889 # region against region, rural against urban, and local against global. 890 # For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving 891 # Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native 892 # Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was 893 # very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a 894 # Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded 895 # Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables 896 # about fading curtains and crazed farm animals." 897 # Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03) 898 # http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm 899 900 # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 901 # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 902 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 903 # summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 904 905 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 906 # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 907 # http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving 908 # covers New South Wales in particular. 909 910 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 911 # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time. 912 # It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer' 913 # and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 914 # abbreviation does _not_ change... 915 # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 916 # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 917 # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 918 # the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight 919 # time'. 920 # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 921 # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time' 922 # or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 923 # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 924 # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 925 # prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times; 926 # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 927 928 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 929 # 930 # Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this 931 # file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer 932 # Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST". 933 # However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common 934 # practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints 935 # about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage. 936 # For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important; 937 # what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web 938 # directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for 939 # strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an 940 # abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the 941 # following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries: 942 # 943 # 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits] 944 # 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au 945 # 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au 946 # 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au 947 # 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au 948 # 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au 949 # 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits] 950 # 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits] 951 # 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au 952 # 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au 953 # 954 # 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits] 955 # 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au 956 # 957 # I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but 958 # they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages 959 # mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since 960 # there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found: 961 # 962 # 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au 963 # 226 "western standard time" WST site:au 964 # 965 # I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as 966 # listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au" 967 # and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results. 968 # All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers 969 # surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail, 970 # The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser, 971 # The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle). 972 # 973 # I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations 974 # like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/> 975 # found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style 976 # dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't 977 # fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations 978 # like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather 979 # column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column 980 # (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not 981 # strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..." 982 # (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and 983 # WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel 984 # about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two 985 # territories has prompted one group to form its very own political 986 # party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party." 987 # 988 # I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree: 989 # 990 # The Australian Government (2014-03-26) 991 # http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time 992 # (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.) 993 # AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 994 # 995 # Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08) 996 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml 997 # EST CST WST EDT CDT 998 # 999 # Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated) 1000 # http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml 1001 # EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST) 1002 # 1003 # Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24) 1004 # http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp 1005 # AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 1006 # 1007 # Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10) 1008 # https://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf 1009 # EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used 1010 # 1011 # The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports, 1012 # and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like. 1013 # Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits: 1014 # 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT". 1015 # "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to 1016 # appear in reports of events with international implications. 1017 # 1018 # From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in 1019 # Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although 1020 # some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in 1021 # the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it 1022 # seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all 1023 # the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments, 1024 # it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current 1025 # version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and 1026 # "AEDT" for Australian time zones. 1027 1028 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 1029 # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1030 # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 1031 # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 1032 # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 1033 # and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time. 1034 # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 1035 1036 # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 1037 # 1038 # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 1039 # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 1040 # relevant entries in this database. 1041 # 1042 # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 1043 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 1044 # https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html 1045 # ACT 1046 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 1047 # https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html 1048 # SA 1049 # Standard Time Act, 1898 1050 # https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html 1051 1052 # From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 1053 # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 1054 # one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 1055 # Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 1056 # in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 1057 # 1058 # From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 1059 # I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 1060 # to extend DST together in 2006. 1061 # ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 1062 # New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 1063 # South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 1064 # Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 1065 # Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 1066 # allude to it. 1067 # But not Queensland 1068 # http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html 1069 1070 # Northern Territory 1071 1072 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1073 # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 1074 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1075 # # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 1076 # ... 1077 # Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 1078 1079 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1080 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1081 # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 1082 1083 # Western Australia 1084 1085 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1086 # # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 1087 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1088 # # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 1089 # # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 1090 # # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 1091 # # before reaching parliament. 1092 # ... 1093 # Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 1094 # ... 1095 # Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1096 # Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1097 # Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1098 # Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1099 1100 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1101 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1102 # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 1103 1104 # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 1105 # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 1106 # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 1107 # work at 9.00am.) 1108 # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 1109 # everybody again. 1110 1111 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1112 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 1113 # it matches what was used in the past. 1114 1115 # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1116 # http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm 1117 # (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 1118 # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 1119 1120 # From Paul Eggert (2018-04-01): 1121 # The Guardian Express of Perth, Australia reported today that the 1122 # government decided to advance the clocks permanently on January 1, 1123 # 2019, from UT +08 to UT +09. The article noted that an exemption 1124 # would be made for people aged 61 and over, who "can apply in writing 1125 # to have the extra hour of sunshine removed from their area." See: 1126 # Daylight saving coming to WA in 2019. Guardian Express. 2018-04-01. 1127 # https://www.communitynews.com.au/guardian-express/news/exclusive-daylight-savings-coming-wa-summer-2018/ 1128 1129 # Queensland 1130 1131 # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-26): 1132 # I lack access to the following source for Queensland DST: 1133 # Pearce C. History of daylight saving time in Queensland. 1134 # Queensland Hist J. 2017 Aug;23(6):389-403 1135 # https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=994682348436426;res=IELHSS 1136 1137 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1138 # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 1139 # # [ Dec 1990 ] 1140 # ... 1141 # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 1142 # ... 1143 # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1144 # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 1145 # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1146 # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 1147 1148 # From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 1149 # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 1150 # October 1989). 1151 1152 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1153 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1154 # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1155 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1156 1157 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1158 # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 1159 # end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 1160 # me.) 1161 1162 # From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 1163 # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 1164 # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 1165 # ... 1166 # Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1167 # Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1168 # ... 1169 1170 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1171 # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 1172 1173 # From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1174 # from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1175 # WA are trialing DST for three years. 1176 # http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf 1177 1178 # From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1179 # The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1180 # southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1181 # Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1182 # residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1183 # much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1184 # international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1185 # Australia and Western Australia.... 1186 # 1187 # From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1188 # This is confirmed by the section entitled 1189 # "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1190 # http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html 1191 # 1192 # From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1193 # ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1194 # which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1195 # coast of the continent. 1196 # 1197 # I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1198 # dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1199 # village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1200 # as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1201 # the largest population centre in this zone.... 1202 # 1203 # Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1204 # question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1205 # just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1206 # meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1207 # 1208 # (2006-12-09): 1209 # I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1210 # in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1211 # of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1212 # before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1213 1214 # From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1215 # For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1216 # introduction of standard time in 1895. 1217 1218 1219 # southeast Australia 1220 # 1221 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1222 # Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1223 # end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1224 # http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 1225 1226 1227 # South Australia 1228 1229 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1230 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1231 # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1232 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1233 1234 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1235 # # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 1236 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1237 # ... 1238 # Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 1239 # ... 1240 # Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1241 # Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1242 # Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 1243 # Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1244 1245 # From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1246 # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1247 # contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1248 # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1249 1250 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1251 # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1252 # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1253 # numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1254 # is on... 1255 1256 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1257 # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1258 # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1259 # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1260 1261 # From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1262 # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1263 # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1264 # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1265 1266 # From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1267 # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1268 # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1269 # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1270 1271 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1272 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1273 1274 # Tasmania 1275 1276 # The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1277 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1278 # # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1279 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1280 1281 # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1282 # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1283 # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1284 # (but nothing new about that). 1285 1286 # From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1287 # I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1288 # (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1289 # has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1290 # (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1291 # instead of the first Sunday in October. 1292 1293 # Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1294 # http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1295 1296 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1297 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1298 1299 # Victoria 1300 1301 # The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1302 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1303 # # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1304 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1305 1306 # From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1307 # On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1308 # interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1309 # discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1310 # Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1311 # in Melbourne, Australia. 1312 # 1313 # Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1314 # illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1315 # of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1316 # fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1317 # you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1318 # expected time. 1319 # 1320 # However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1321 # to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1322 # the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1323 # someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1324 # 1325 # [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1326 # [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1327 1328 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1329 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1330 1331 # New South Wales 1332 1333 # From Arthur David Olson: 1334 # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1335 # Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1336 # who notes: 1337 # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1338 # individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time" 1339 # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1340 # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1341 # legislation. This is very important to understand. 1342 # I have researched New South Wales time only... 1343 1344 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1345 # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1346 # October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore, 1347 # Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26). 1348 # http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html 1349 1350 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1351 # See the following official NSW source: 1352 # Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1353 # http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ 1354 # 1355 # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1356 # daylight saving next year. See: 1357 # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1358 # http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm 1359 # (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1360 # 1361 # Victoria will follow NSW. See: 1362 # Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28) 1363 # http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm 1364 # 1365 # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1366 # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19) 1367 # http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm 1368 # 1369 # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1370 # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1371 # http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm 1372 # (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1373 # "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1374 # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1375 # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1376 # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1377 # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules." 1378 # 1379 # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1380 # Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21) 1381 # http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm 1382 1383 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1384 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1385 # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1386 1387 # From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1388 # The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1389 # towns to use Queensland time. 1390 1391 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1392 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1393 1394 # Yancowinna 1395 1396 # From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1397 # 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1398 1399 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1400 # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1401 # # [ Dec 1990 ] 1402 # ... 1403 # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1404 # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1405 # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1406 # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1407 # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1408 # # presently available. 1409 # Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1410 # ... 1411 # Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1412 # Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1413 # [followed by other Rules] 1414 1415 # Lord Howe Island 1416 1417 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1418 # LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1419 # [ Dec 1990 ] 1420 # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1421 # hour ahead of NSW time. 1422 1423 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1424 # Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1425 # date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1426 # Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1427 # seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1428 # arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1429 # instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 1430 # the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1431 # arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1432 # however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1433 1434 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1435 # Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1436 # clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1437 # introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1438 # shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1439 # of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1440 1441 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1442 # For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1443 # Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1444 1445 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1446 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1447 1448 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1449 # According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1450 # saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1451 # summer (southern hemisphere). 1452 # 1453 # From 1454 # http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1455 # The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1456 # for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1457 # Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1458 # year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1459 # Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1460 # with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1461 # the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1462 # 1463 # We have a wrap-up here: 1464 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1465 ############################################################################### 1466 1467 # New Zealand 1468 1469 # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1470 # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1471 # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1472 # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1473 # source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1474 1475 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1476 # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1477 # # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1478 # # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1479 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1480 # ... 1481 # Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1482 # Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1483 # Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1484 # Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1485 # ... 1486 # Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1487 # Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1488 1489 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1490 # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1491 # rather than the October 1 value. 1492 1493 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1494 # Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1495 # Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1496 # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1497 # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1498 # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1499 # 1500 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1501 # The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1502 # as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.html for the full references. 1503 # Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1504 # 1505 # For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1506 # transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1507 # is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1508 1509 # From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1510 # DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1511 # first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1512 # that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1513 # http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1514 1515 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14): 1516 # Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by 1517 # New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26). 1518 # https://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf 1519 # According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand 1520 # parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard 1521 # time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New 1522 # Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow." 1523 # For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time 1524 # in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match 1525 # LMT back when New Zealand was at UT +11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did 1526 # not observe New Zealand's prewar DST. 1527 1528 ############################################################################### 1529 1530 1531 # Fiji 1532 1533 # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1534 # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1535 # instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1536 1537 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1538 # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1539 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1540 # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1541 1542 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1543 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1544 1545 # From the BBC World Service in 1546 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): 1547 # The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1548 # improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also 1549 # intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning 1550 # of the new millennium. 1551 1552 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1553 # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1554 1555 1556 # Kiribati 1557 1558 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1559 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1560 # "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995" 1561 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1562 1563 # From Kerry Shetline (2018-02-03): 1564 # December 31 was the day that was skipped, so that the transition 1565 # would be from Friday December 30, 1994 to Sunday January 1, 1995. 1566 # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-04): 1567 # One source for this is page 202 of: Bartky IR. One Time Fits All: 1568 # The Campaigns for Global Uniformity (2007). 1569 1570 # Kwajalein 1571 1572 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1573 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1574 # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1575 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1576 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1577 1578 1579 # N Mariana Is, Guam 1580 1581 # Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1582 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones 1583 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1584 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1585 # see Asia/Manila. 1586 1587 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time, 1588 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1589 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1590 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1591 1592 1593 # Micronesia 1594 1595 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1596 # "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' 1597 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." 1598 # 1599 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11 1600 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1601 1602 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1603 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1604 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26) 1605 # http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html 1606 # that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11. 1607 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now. 1608 1609 1610 # Midway 1611 1612 # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1613 # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1614 # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1615 # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1616 # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1617 # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1618 # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1619 # air at 6am your time. 1620 # 1621 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1622 # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1623 # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1624 # in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1625 1626 # Norfolk 1627 1628 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23): 1629 # Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100: 1630 # https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text 1631 # ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015. 1632 # http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf 1633 1634 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23): 1635 # Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted 1636 # the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's 1637 # Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST 1638 # other than in 1974/5. See: 1639 # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html 1640 1641 # Pitcairn 1642 1643 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1644 # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1645 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1646 # 1647 # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1648 # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1649 # as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1650 # 1651 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1652 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1653 # somehow in light of this proclamation. 1654 1655 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1656 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1657 # ... at midnight. 1658 1659 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1660 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1661 # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be ½ hour different from us here in 1662 # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1663 1664 1665 # (Western) Samoa and American Samoa 1666 1667 # Howse writes (p 153) that after the 1879 standardization on Antipodean 1668 # time by the British governor of Fiji, the King of Samoa decided to change 1669 # "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1670 # ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that 1671 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year." 1672 # This happened in 1892, according to the Evening News (Sydney) of 1892-07-20. 1673 # https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl.htm 1674 1675 # Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UT -11:30 1676 # in 1911, and to -11 in 1950. many earlier sources give -11 1677 # for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards 1678 # circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932. 1679 # Assume American Samoa switched to -11 in 1911, not 1950, 1680 # and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a 1681 # day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New 1682 # Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations. 1683 1684 1685 # Tonga 1686 1687 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1688 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting 1689 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time." 1690 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1691 1692 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1693 # How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins': 1694 # http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm 1695 # 1696 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1697 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1698 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1699 # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1700 # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13° 1701 # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1702 # 1703 # Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1704 # Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1705 # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1706 # 1707 # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1708 # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1709 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1710 # minutes we have lost?" 1711 # 1712 # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1713 # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1714 # to say your prayers in the morning." 1715 1716 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1717 # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1718 1719 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1720 # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium 1721 # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1722 # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1723 # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1724 # Government. 1725 1726 # From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1727 # * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1728 # 1729 # I was given this link by John Letts: 1730 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1731 # 1732 # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1733 # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1734 # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1735 # (12 + 1 hour DST). 1736 1737 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1738 # According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>: 1739 # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1740 # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1741 # third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1742 # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1743 # set back an hour on the closing date." 1744 # Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1745 1746 # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1747 # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1748 # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1749 1750 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1751 # Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1752 # that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1753 # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1754 # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1755 # text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1756 # (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>) 1757 1758 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1759 # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1760 1761 # From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1762 # At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1763 # shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1764 # of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1765 # hour to 1:00am. 1766 1767 # From Pulu ʻAnau (2002-11-05): 1768 # The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1769 1770 # From Pulu ʻAnau (2016-10-27): 1771 # http://mic.gov.to/news-today/press-releases/6375-daylight-saving-set-to-run-from-6-november-2016-to-15-january-2017 1772 # Cannot find anyone who knows the rules, has seen the duration or has seen 1773 # the cabinet decision, but it appears we are following Fiji's rule set. 1774 # 1775 # From Tim Parenti (2016-10-26): 1776 # Assume Tonga will observe DST from the first Sunday in November at 02:00 1777 # through the third Sunday in January at 03:00, like Fiji, for now. 1778 1779 # From David Wade (2017-10-18): 1780 # In August government was disolved by the King. The current prime minister 1781 # continued in office in care taker mode. It is easy to see that few 1782 # decisions will be made until elections 16th November. 1783 # 1784 # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 1785 # For now, guess that DST is discontinued. That's what the IATA is guessing. 1786 1787 1788 # Wake 1789 1790 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1791 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1792 # 1793 # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the 1794 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1795 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1796 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1797 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1798 # impossible. 1799 # 1800 # https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm 1801 1802 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1803 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1804 1805 ############################################################################### 1806 1807 # The International Date Line 1808 1809 # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1810 # 1811 # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1812 # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1813 # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1814 # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1815 # 1816 # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1817 # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1818 # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1819 # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1820 # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1821 # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1822 # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1823 # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1824 # places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1825 # an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1826 # correct date is ambiguous. 1827 1828 # From Wikipedia <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1829 # Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1830 # their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1831 # speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1832 # meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1833 # Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1834 # ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1835 # on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1836 # nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1837 # to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1838 # entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were 1839 # adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1840 # independent merchant ships until World War II. 1841 1842 # From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1843 # (2005-03-20): 1844 # 1845 # The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1846 # http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187 1847 # talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1848 # international waters; it ignores the international date line.