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test/jdk/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/asia

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 590 # Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi
 591 # / Wulumuqi.  (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)
 592 Zone    Asia/Urumqi     5:50:20 -       LMT     1928
 593                         6:00    -       +06
 594 
 595 
 596 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
 597 
 598 # Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this.
 599 
 600 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
 601 # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
 602 # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
 603 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
 604 # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing
 605 # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
 606 # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
 607 # obtained from
 608 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
 609 
 610 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):






































































 611 # Here are the dates given at
 612 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
 613 # as of 2009-10-28:
 614 # Year        Period
 615 # 1941        1 Apr to 30 Sep
 616 # 1942        Whole year
 617 # 1943        Whole year
 618 # 1944        Whole year
 619 # 1945        Whole year
 620 # 1946        20 Apr to 1 Dec
 621 # 1947        13 Apr to 30 Dec
 622 # 1948        2 May to 31 Oct
 623 # 1949        3 Apr to 30 Oct
 624 # 1950        2 Apr to 29 Oct
 625 # 1951        1 Apr to 28 Oct
 626 # 1952        6 Apr to 25 Oct
 627 # 1953        5 Apr to 1 Nov
 628 # 1954        21 Mar to 31 Oct
 629 # 1955        20 Mar to 6 Nov
 630 # 1956        18 Mar to 4 Nov
 631 # 1957        24 Mar to 3 Nov
 632 # 1958        23 Mar to 2 Nov
 633 # 1959        22 Mar to 1 Nov
 634 # 1960        20 Mar to 6 Nov
 635 # 1961        19 Mar to 5 Nov
 636 # 1962        18 Mar to 4 Nov
 637 # 1963        24 Mar to 3 Nov
 638 # 1964        22 Mar to 1 Nov
 639 # 1965        18 Apr to 17 Oct
 640 # 1966        17 Apr to 16 Oct
 641 # 1967        16 Apr to 22 Oct
 642 # 1968        21 Apr to 20 Oct
 643 # 1969        20 Apr to 19 Oct
 644 # 1970        19 Apr to 18 Oct
 645 # 1971        18 Apr to 17 Oct
 646 # 1972        16 Apr to 22 Oct
 647 # 1973        22 Apr to 21 Oct
 648 # 1973/74     30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74
 649 # 1975        20 Apr to 19 Oct
 650 # 1976        18 Apr to 17 Oct
 651 # 1977        Nil
 652 # 1978        Nil
 653 # 1979        13 May to 21 Oct
 654 # 1980 to Now Nil
 655 # The page does not give start or end times of day.
 656 # The page does not give a start date for 1942.
 657 # The page does not givw an end date for 1945.
 658 # The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25.
 659 # The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15.
 660 # For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times.



 661 
 662 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 663 Rule    HK      1941    only    -       Apr     1       3:30    1:00    S
 664 Rule    HK      1941    only    -       Sep     30      3:30    0       -
 665 Rule    HK      1946    only    -       Apr     20      3:30    1:00    S
 666 Rule    HK      1946    only    -       Dec     1       3:30    0       -
 667 Rule    HK      1947    only    -       Apr     13      3:30    1:00    S
 668 Rule    HK      1947    only    -       Dec     30      3:30    0       -
 669 Rule    HK      1948    only    -       May     2       3:30    1:00    S
 670 Rule    HK      1948    1951    -       Oct     lastSun 3:30    0       -
 671 Rule    HK      1952    only    -       Oct     25      3:30    0       -
 672 Rule    HK      1949    1953    -       Apr     Sun>=1       3:30    1:00    S
 673 Rule    HK      1953    only    -       Nov     1       3:30    0       -
 674 Rule    HK      1954    1964    -       Mar     Sun>=18      3:30    1:00    S
 675 Rule    HK      1954    only    -       Oct     31      3:30    0       -
 676 Rule    HK      1955    1964    -       Nov     Sun>=1       3:30    0       -
 677 Rule    HK      1965    1976    -       Apr     Sun>=16      3:30    1:00    S
 678 Rule    HK      1965    1976    -       Oct     Sun>=16      3:30    0       -
 679 Rule    HK      1973    only    -       Dec     30      3:30    1:00    S
 680 Rule    HK      1979    only    -       May     Sun>=8       3:30    1:00    S
 681 Rule    HK      1979    only    -       Oct     Sun>=16      3:30    0       -
 682 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 683 Zone    Asia/Hong_Kong  7:36:42 -       LMT     1904 Oct 30
 684                         8:00    HK      HK%sT   1941 Dec 25
 685                         9:00    -       JST     1945 Sep 15


 686                         8:00    HK      HK%sT
 687 
 688 ###############################################################################
 689 
 690 # Taiwan
 691 
 692 # From smallufo (2010-04-03):
 693 # According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau],
 694 # http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm
 695 # Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30.
 696 
 697 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
 698 # On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of
 699 # Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that
 700 # Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands
 701 # (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on
 702 # 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be
 703 # found on Wikisource:
 704 # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
 705 # ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because


1061 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
1062 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
1063 
1064 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
1065 # http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html
1066 # (2000-08-16):
1067 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
1068 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour.  The time change,
1069 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
1070 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
1071 
1072 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1073 Zone    Asia/Dili       8:22:20 -       LMT     1912 Jan  1
1074                         8:00    -       +08     1942 Feb 21 23:00
1075                         9:00    -       +09     1976 May  3
1076                         8:00    -       +08     2000 Sep 17  0:00
1077                         9:00    -       +09
1078 
1079 # India
1080 










1081 # From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic
1082 # https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/
1083 # (2015-12-22):
1084 # In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the
1085 # outskirts of Bombay....  They were protesting the proposed abolition of
1086 # local time in favor of Indian Standard Time....  Journalists called this
1087 # dispute the "Battle of the Clocks."  It lasted nearly half a century.
1088 
1089 # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20):
1090 # Good luck trying to nail down old timekeeping records in India.
1091 # "... in the nineteenth century ... Madras Observatory took its magnetic
1092 # measurements on Göttingen time, its meteorological measurements on Madras
1093 # (local) time, dropped its time ball on Greenwich (ocean navigator's) time,
1094 # and distributed civil (local time)." -- Bartky IR. Selling the true time:
1095 # 19th-century timekeeping in america. Stanford U Press (2000), 247 note 19.
1096 # "A more potent cause of resistance to the general adoption of the present
1097 # standard time lies in the fact that it is Madras time.  The citizen of
1098 # Bombay, proud of being 'primus in Indis' and of Calcutta, equally proud of
1099 # his city being the Capital of India, and - for a part of the year - the Seat
1100 # of the Supreme Government, alike look down on Madras, and refuse to change


1231 #       for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
1232 #
1233 #       The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
1234 #       at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
1235 #       to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
1236 #       Shahrivar.
1237 #
1238 #       First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
1239 #
1240 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
1241 # for at least the last 5 years.  Before that, for a few years, the
1242 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
1243 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
1244 #
1245 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
1246 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
1247 # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
1248 # leap year calculation involved.  There has never been any serious
1249 # plan to change that law....
1250 #
1251 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1252 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
1253 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
1254 # stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
1255 # That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
1256 # calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.





















































1257 #
1258 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
1259 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
1260 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
1261 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
1262 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
1263 # known exactly, amongst other factors.  2157 is even closer:
1264 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT.  But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
1265 # no interpretation problem whatsoever.  By the way, another instant
1266 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
1267 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
1268 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT.  The Java version of
1269 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
1270 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
1271 #
1272 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
1273 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
1274 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
1275 #
1276 # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen:
1277 # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
1278 # daylight saving time ...
1279 # https://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
1280 #
1281 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
1282 # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
1283 # Iran, Volume 63, No. 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
1284 # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
1285 # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
1286 # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
1287 # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
1288 # thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
1289 #
1290 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1291 Rule    Iran    1978    1980    -       Mar     21      0:00    1:00    -
1292 Rule    Iran    1978    only    -       Oct     21      0:00    0       -
1293 Rule    Iran    1979    only    -       Sep     19      0:00    0       -
1294 Rule    Iran    1980    only    -       Sep     23      0:00    0       -
1295 Rule    Iran    1991    only    -       May      3      0:00    1:00    -
1296 Rule    Iran    1992    1995    -       Mar     22      0:00    1:00    -
1297 Rule    Iran    1991    1995    -       Sep     22      0:00    0       -
1298 Rule    Iran    1996    only    -       Mar     21      0:00    1:00    -
1299 Rule    Iran    1996    only    -       Sep     21      0:00    0       -
1300 Rule    Iran    1997    1999    -       Mar     22      0:00    1:00    -
1301 Rule    Iran    1997    1999    -       Sep     22      0:00    0       -
1302 Rule    Iran    2000    only    -       Mar     21      0:00    1:00    -
1303 Rule    Iran    2000    only    -       Sep     21      0:00    0       -
1304 Rule    Iran    2001    2003    -       Mar     22      0:00    1:00    -
1305 Rule    Iran    2001    2003    -       Sep     22      0:00    0       -
1306 Rule    Iran    2004    only    -       Mar     21      0:00    1:00    -
1307 Rule    Iran    2004    only    -       Sep     21      0:00    0       -
1308 Rule    Iran    2005    only    -       Mar     22      0:00    1:00    -
1309 Rule    Iran    2005    only    -       Sep     22      0:00    0       -
1310 Rule    Iran    2008    only    -       Mar     21      0:00    1:00    -
1311 Rule    Iran    2008    only    -       Sep     21      0:00    0       -
1312 Rule    Iran    2009    2011    -       Mar     22      0:00    1:00    -
1313 Rule    Iran    2009    2011    -       Sep     22      0:00    0       -
1314 Rule    Iran    2012    only    -       Mar     21      0:00    1:00    -
1315 Rule    Iran    2012    only    -       Sep     21      0:00    0       -
1316 Rule    Iran    2013    2015    -       Mar     22      0:00    1:00    -
1317 Rule    Iran    2013    2015    -       Sep     22      0:00    0       -
1318 Rule    Iran    2016    only    -       Mar     21      0:00    1:00    -
1319 Rule    Iran    2016    only    -       Sep     21      0:00    0       -
1320 Rule    Iran    2017    2019    -       Mar     22      0:00    1:00    -
1321 Rule    Iran    2017    2019    -       Sep     22      0:00    0       -
1322 Rule    Iran    2020    only    -       Mar     21      0:00    1:00    -
1323 Rule    Iran    2020    only    -       Sep     21      0:00    0       -
1324 Rule    Iran    2021    2023    -       Mar     22      0:00    1:00    -
1325 Rule    Iran    2021    2023    -       Sep     22      0:00    0       -
1326 Rule    Iran    2024    only    -       Mar     21      0:00    1:00    -
1327 Rule    Iran    2024    only    -       Sep     21      0:00    0       -
1328 Rule    Iran    2025    2027    -       Mar     22      0:00    1:00    -
1329 Rule    Iran    2025    2027    -       Sep     22      0:00    0       -
1330 Rule    Iran    2028    2029    -       Mar     21      0:00    1:00    -
1331 Rule    Iran    2028    2029    -       Sep     21      0:00    0       -
1332 Rule    Iran    2030    2031    -       Mar     22      0:00    1:00    -
1333 Rule    Iran    2030    2031    -       Sep     22      0:00    0       -
1334 Rule    Iran    2032    2033    -       Mar     21      0:00    1:00    -
1335 Rule    Iran    2032    2033    -       Sep     21      0:00    0       -
1336 Rule    Iran    2034    2035    -       Mar     22      0:00    1:00    -
1337 Rule    Iran    2034    2035    -       Sep     22      0:00    0       -
1338 #
1339 # The following rules are approximations starting in the year 2038.
1340 # These are the best post-2037 approximations available, given the
1341 # restrictions of a single rule using a Gregorian-based data format.




















































1342 # At some point this table will need to be extended, though quite
1343 # possibly Iran will change the rules first.
1344 Rule    Iran    2036    max     -       Mar     21      0:00    1:00    -
1345 Rule    Iran    2036    max     -       Sep     21      0:00    0       -
1346 
1347 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1348 Zone    Asia/Tehran     3:25:44 -       LMT     1916
1349                         3:25:44 -       TMT     1946     # Tehran Mean Time
1350                         3:30    -       +0330   1977 Nov
1351                         4:00    Iran    +04/+05 1979
1352                         3:30    Iran    +0330/+0430
1353 
1354 
1355 # Iraq
1356 #
1357 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
1358 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
1359 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
1360 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
1361 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
1362 #
1363 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
1364 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
1365 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time.  They referred


1437 Rule    Zion    1950    only    -       Apr     16      0:00    1:00    D
1438 Rule    Zion    1950    only    -       Sep     15      3:00    0       S
1439 Rule    Zion    1951    only    -       Apr      1      0:00    1:00    D
1440 Rule    Zion    1951    only    -       Nov     11      3:00    0       S
1441 Rule    Zion    1952    only    -       Apr     20      2:00    1:00    D
1442 Rule    Zion    1952    only    -       Oct     19      3:00    0       S
1443 Rule    Zion    1953    only    -       Apr     12      2:00    1:00    D
1444 Rule    Zion    1953    only    -       Sep     13      3:00    0       S
1445 Rule    Zion    1954    only    -       Jun     13      0:00    1:00    D
1446 Rule    Zion    1954    only    -       Sep     12      0:00    0       S
1447 Rule    Zion    1955    only    -       Jun     11      2:00    1:00    D
1448 Rule    Zion    1955    only    -       Sep     11      0:00    0       S
1449 Rule    Zion    1956    only    -       Jun      3      0:00    1:00    D
1450 Rule    Zion    1956    only    -       Sep     30      3:00    0       S
1451 Rule    Zion    1957    only    -       Apr     29      2:00    1:00    D
1452 Rule    Zion    1957    only    -       Sep     22      0:00    0       S
1453 Rule    Zion    1974    only    -       Jul      7      0:00    1:00    D
1454 Rule    Zion    1974    only    -       Oct     13      0:00    0       S
1455 Rule    Zion    1975    only    -       Apr     20      0:00    1:00    D
1456 Rule    Zion    1975    only    -       Aug     31      0:00    0       S


















1457 Rule    Zion    1985    only    -       Apr     14      0:00    1:00    D
1458 Rule    Zion    1985    only    -       Sep     15      0:00    0       S
1459 Rule    Zion    1986    only    -       May     18      0:00    1:00    D
1460 Rule    Zion    1986    only    -       Sep      7      0:00    0       S
1461 Rule    Zion    1987    only    -       Apr     15      0:00    1:00    D
1462 Rule    Zion    1987    only    -       Sep     13      0:00    0       S
1463 
1464 # From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05):
1465 # I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the
1466 # [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath
1467 # ends and changes to Sunday.
1468 Rule    Zion    1988    only    -       Apr     10      0:00    1:00    D
1469 Rule    Zion    1988    only    -       Sep      4      0:00    0       S
1470 
1471 # From Ephraim Silverberg
1472 # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
1473 # and 2005-02-17):
1474 
1475 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
1476 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.


1695 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937).  In the ordinance No.
1696 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
1697 # standard....
1698 #
1699 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
1700 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
1701 
1702 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
1703 # ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause
1704 # about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896.
1705 # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
1706 #
1707 # ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which
1708 # means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan
1709 # Central Time (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937.
1710 # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
1711 
1712 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1713 Zone    Asia/Tokyo      9:18:59 -       LMT     1887 Dec 31 15:00u
1714                         9:00    Japan   J%sT
1715 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.


1716 
1717 # Jordan
1718 #
1719 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html>
1720 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1721 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
1722 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
1723 # all year round.
1724 #
1725 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html>
1726 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
1727 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
1728 # by one hour.  This is the latest government decision and it's final!
1729 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
1730 # government's departments from six to seven hours.
1731 #
1732 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1733 # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1734 #
1735 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):


1985 # No. 23 from 1992-01-08 [See 'europe' file for details].
1986 # Kazakh 1992-01-13 act appears to provide the same rules and 1992-03-27
1987 # act was to be enacted on the last Sunday of March 1992.
1988 
1989 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-08):
1990 # Turgai reorganization should affect only southern part of Qostanay
1991 # oblast.  Which should probably be separated into Asia/Arkalyk zone.
1992 # (There were also 1970, 1988 and 1990 Turgai oblast reorganizations
1993 # according to wikipedia.)
1994 #
1995 # [For Qostanay] http://www.ng.kz/gazeta/195/hranit/
1996 # suggests that clocks were to be moved 40 minutes backwards on
1997 # 1920-01-01 to the fourth time belt.  But I do not understand
1998 # how that could happen....
1999 #
2000 # [For Atyrau and Oral] 1919 decree
2001 # (http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-1919-02-08.html
2002 # and in Byalokoz) lists Ural river (plus 10 versts on its left bank) in
2003 # the third time belt (before 1930 this means +03).
2004 
2005 # From Paul Eggert (2016-12-06):
2006 # The tables below reflect Golosunov's remarks, with exceptions as noted.


2007 
2008 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2009 #
2010 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
2011 # This includes KZ-AKM, KZ-ALA, KZ-ALM, KZ-AST, KZ-BAY, KZ-VOS, KZ-ZHA,
2012 # KZ-KAR, KZ-SEV, KZ-PAV, and KZ-YUZ.
2013 Zone    Asia/Almaty     5:07:48 -       LMT     1924 May  2 # or Alma-Ata
2014                         5:00    -       +05     1930 Jun 21
2015                         6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31  2:00s
2016                         5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19  2:00s
2017                         6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 2004 Oct 31  2:00s
2018                         6:00    -       +06
2019 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) (KZ-KZY)
2020 # This currently includes Qostanay (aka Kostanay, Kustanay) (KZ-KUS);
2021 # see comments below.
2022 Zone    Asia/Qyzylorda  4:21:52 -       LMT     1924 May  2
2023                         4:00    -       +04     1930 Jun 21
2024                         5:00    -       +05     1981 Apr  1
2025                         5:00    1:00    +06     1981 Oct  1
2026                         6:00    -       +06     1982 Apr  1
2027                         5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31  2:00s
2028                         4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Sep 29  2:00s
2029                         5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19  2:00s
2030                         6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1992 Mar 29  2:00s
2031                         5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31  2:00s
2032                         6:00    -       +06
2033 # The following zone is like Asia/Qyzylorda except for being one
2034 # hour earlier from 1991-09-29 to 1992-03-29.  The 1991/2 rules for
2035 # Qostanay are unclear partly because of the 1997 Turgai
2036 # reorganization, so this zone is commented out for now.
2037 #Zone   Asia/Qostanay   4:14:20 -       LMT     1924 May  2
2038 #                       4:00    -       +04     1930 Jun 21
2039 #                       5:00    -       +05     1981 Apr  1
2040 #                       5:00    1:00    +06     1981 Oct  1
2041 #                       6:00    -       +06     1982 Apr  1
2042 #                       5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31  2:00s
2043 #                       4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19  2:00s
2044 #                       5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31  2:00s
2045 #                       6:00    -       +06
2046 #













2047 # Aqtöbe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-AKT)
2048 Zone    Asia/Aqtobe     3:48:40 -       LMT     1924 May  2
2049                         4:00    -       +04     1930 Jun 21
2050                         5:00    -       +05     1981 Apr  1
2051                         5:00    1:00    +06     1981 Oct  1
2052                         6:00    -       +06     1982 Apr  1
2053                         5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31  2:00s
2054                         4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19  2:00s
2055                         5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31  2:00s
2056                         5:00    -       +05
2057 # Mangghystaū (KZ-MAN)
2058 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
2059 # so include timestamps before 1963.
2060 Zone    Asia/Aqtau      3:21:04 -       LMT     1924 May  2
2061                         4:00    -       +04     1930 Jun 21
2062                         5:00    -       +05     1981 Oct  1
2063                         6:00    -       +06     1982 Apr  1
2064                         5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31  2:00s
2065                         4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19  2:00s
2066                         5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1994 Sep 25  2:00s


2120 
2121 # Korea (North and South)
2122 
2123 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10):
2124 # http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012
2125 # Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it
2126 # during the 1950-53 Korean War.  The system was temporarily enforced
2127 # between 1987 and 1988 ...
2128 
2129 # From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29):
2130 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html
2131 # According to the Korean Wikipedia
2132 # https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시
2133 # [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC]
2134 # DST in Republic of Korea was as follows....  And I checked old
2135 # newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia.
2136 # For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST
2137 # started at June 1 in that year.  For another example, the article in
2138 # 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year.
2139 






















2140 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2141 Rule    ROK     1948    only    -       Jun      1      0:00    1:00    D
2142 Rule    ROK     1948    only    -       Sep     13      0:00    0       S
2143 Rule    ROK     1949    only    -       Apr      3      0:00    1:00    D
2144 Rule    ROK     1949    1951    -       Sep     Sun>=8       0:00    0       S
2145 Rule    ROK     1950    only    -       Apr      1      0:00    1:00    D
2146 Rule    ROK     1951    only    -       May      6      0:00    1:00    D
2147 Rule    ROK     1955    only    -       May      5      0:00    1:00    D
2148 Rule    ROK     1955    only    -       Sep      9      0:00    0       S
2149 Rule    ROK     1956    only    -       May     20      0:00    1:00    D
2150 Rule    ROK     1956    only    -       Sep     30      0:00    0       S
2151 Rule    ROK     1957    1960    -       May     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
2152 Rule    ROK     1957    1960    -       Sep     Sun>=18      0:00    0       S
2153 Rule    ROK     1987    1988    -       May     Sun>=8       2:00    1:00    D
2154 Rule    ROK     1987    1988    -       Oct     Sun>=8       3:00    0       S
2155 
2156 # From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23):
2157 # The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets:
2158 #
2159 # 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (decree No. 5)
2160 # 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367
2161 #       (Announcement No. 338)
2162 # 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17)
2163 # 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07)
2164 #
2165 # (Another source "1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)" was in the 2014-10-30
2166 # edition of the Korean Wikipedia entry.)
2167 #
2168 # I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same
2169 # rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST
2170 # when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII.
2171 #
2172 # For Pyongyang, guess no changes from World War II until 2015, as we


2863 # [T]he Palestinian cabinet decision (Mar 8th 2016) published on
2864 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/Upload/Decree/GOV_17/16032016134830.pdf
2865 # states that summer time will end on Oct 29th at 01:00.
2866 #
2867 # From Tim Parenti (2016-10-19):
2868 # Predict fall transitions on October's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on.
2869 # This is consistent with the 2016 transition as well as our spring
2870 # predictions.
2871 #
2872 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-19):
2873 # It's also consistent with predictions in the following URLs today:
2874 # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/gaza-strip/gaza
2875 # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/hebron
2876 
2877 # From Sharef Mustafa (2018-03-16):
2878 # Palestine summer time will start on Mar 24th 2018 by advancing the
2879 # clock by 60 minutes as per Palestinian cabinet decision published on
2880 # the official website, though the decree did not specify the exact
2881 # time of the time shift.
2882 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/Website/AR/NDecrees/ViewFile.ashx?ID=e7a42ab7-ee23-435a-b9c8-a4f7e81f3817
2883 #
2884 # From Paul Eggert (2018-03-16):
2885 # For 2016 on, predict spring transitions on March's fourth Saturday at 01:00.






2886 
2887 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2888 Rule EgyptAsia  1957    only    -       May     10      0:00    1:00    S
2889 Rule EgyptAsia  1957    1958    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       -
2890 Rule EgyptAsia  1958    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    S
2891 Rule EgyptAsia  1959    1967    -       May      1      1:00    1:00    S
2892 Rule EgyptAsia  1959    1965    -       Sep     30      3:00    0       -
2893 Rule EgyptAsia  1966    only    -       Oct      1      3:00    0       -
2894 
2895 Rule Palestine  1999    2005    -       Apr     Fri>=15      0:00    1:00    S
2896 Rule Palestine  1999    2003    -       Oct     Fri>=15      0:00    0       -
2897 Rule Palestine  2004    only    -       Oct      1      1:00    0       -
2898 Rule Palestine  2005    only    -       Oct      4      2:00    0       -
2899 Rule Palestine  2006    2007    -       Apr      1      0:00    1:00    S
2900 Rule Palestine  2006    only    -       Sep     22      0:00    0       -
2901 Rule Palestine  2007    only    -       Sep     Thu>=8       2:00    0       -
2902 Rule Palestine  2008    2009    -       Mar     lastFri 0:00    1:00    S
2903 Rule Palestine  2008    only    -       Sep      1      0:00    0       -
2904 Rule Palestine  2009    only    -       Sep     Fri>=1       1:00    0       -
2905 Rule Palestine  2010    only    -       Mar     26      0:00    1:00    S
2906 Rule Palestine  2010    only    -       Aug     11      0:00    0       -
2907 Rule Palestine  2011    only    -       Apr      1      0:01    1:00    S
2908 Rule Palestine  2011    only    -       Aug      1      0:00    0       -
2909 Rule Palestine  2011    only    -       Aug     30      0:00    1:00    S
2910 Rule Palestine  2011    only    -       Sep     30      0:00    0       -
2911 Rule Palestine  2012    2014    -       Mar     lastThu 24:00   1:00    S
2912 Rule Palestine  2012    only    -       Sep     21      1:00    0       -
2913 Rule Palestine  2013    only    -       Sep     Fri>=21      0:00    0       -
2914 Rule Palestine  2014    2015    -       Oct     Fri>=21      0:00    0       -
2915 Rule Palestine  2015    only    -       Mar     lastFri 24:00   1:00    S
2916 Rule Palestine  2016    max     -       Mar     Sat>=22      1:00    1:00    S
2917 Rule Palestine  2016    max     -       Oct     lastSat 1:00    0       -
2918 
2919 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2920 Zone    Asia/Gaza       2:17:52 -       LMT     1900 Oct
2921                         2:00    Zion    EET/EEST 1948 May 15
2922                         2:00 EgyptAsia  EE%sT   1967 Jun  5
2923                         2:00    Zion    I%sT    1996
2924                         2:00    Jordan  EE%sT   1999
2925                         2:00 Palestine  EE%sT   2008 Aug 29  0:00
2926                         2:00    -       EET     2008 Sep
2927                         2:00 Palestine  EE%sT   2010
2928                         2:00    -       EET     2010 Mar 27  0:01
2929                         2:00 Palestine  EE%sT   2011 Aug  1
2930                         2:00    -       EET     2012
2931                         2:00 Palestine  EE%sT
2932 
2933 Zone    Asia/Hebron     2:20:23 -       LMT     1900 Oct
2934                         2:00    Zion    EET/EEST 1948 May 15
2935                         2:00 EgyptAsia  EE%sT   1967 Jun  5
2936                         2:00    Zion    I%sT    1996
2937                         2:00    Jordan  EE%sT   1999
2938                         2:00 Palestine  EE%sT
2939 
2940 # Paracel Is
2941 # no information
2942 
2943 # Philippines





2944 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the
2945 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
2946 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's
2947 # History of the International Date Line
2948 # https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm
2949 # The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger.
2950 
2951 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
2952 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
2953 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
2954 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
2955 # but no details]
2956 
2957 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14):
2958 # The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again
2959 # March-June, but this is not definite.  It also says DST was last proclaimed
2960 # during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details.
2961 # Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time.
2962 # Philippine Star 2014-08-05
2963 # http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time


3009 # observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar
3010 # time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12
3011 # o'clock for "Arab" time).
3012 #
3013 # Timekeeping differed depending on who you were and which part of Saudi
3014 # Arabia you were in.  In 1969, Elias Antar wrote that although a common
3015 # practice had been to set one's watch to 12:00 (i.e., midnight) at sunset -
3016 # which meant that the time on one side of a mountain could differ greatly from
3017 # the time on the other side - many foreigners set their watches to 6pm
3018 # instead, while airlines instead used UTC +03 (except in Dhahran, where they
3019 # used UTC +04), Aramco used UTC +03 with DST, and the Trans-Arabian Pipe Line
3020 # Company used Aramco time in eastern Saudi Arabia and airline time in western.
3021 # (The American Military Aid Advisory Group used plain UTC.)  Antar writes,
3022 # "A man named Higgins, so the story goes, used to run a local power
3023 # station. One day, the whole thing became too much for Higgins and he
3024 # assembled his staff and laid down the law. 'I've had enough of this,' he
3025 # shrieked. 'It is now 12 o'clock Higgins Time, and from now on this station is
3026 # going to run on Higgins Time.' And so, until last year, it did."  See:
3027 # Antar E. Dinner at When? Saudi Aramco World, 1969 March/April. 2-3.
3028 # http://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/196902/dinner.at.when.htm
3029 # newspapers.com says a similar story about Higgins was published in the Port
3030 # Angeles (WA) Evening News, 1965-03-10, page 5, but I lack access to the text.
3031 #
3032 # The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best
3033 # we can do.  The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics
3034 # Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated
3035 # a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and
3036 # Jidda, on March 14, 1947".  Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the
3037 # earlier date.
3038 #
3039 # Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two
3040 # time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of
3041 # the country.  Presumably this is documenting airline time.  Ignore this,
3042 # as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
3043 #
3044 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3045 Zone    Asia/Riyadh     3:06:52 -       LMT     1947 Mar 14
3046                         3:00    -       +03
3047 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden      # Yemen
3048 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait
3049 
3050 # Singapore


3382 # Hoàng Xuân Hãn: "Lịch và lịch Việt Nam". Tập san Khoa học Xã hội,
3383 # No. 9, Paris, February 1982.
3384 #
3385 # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch và niên biểu lịch sử hai mươi thế kỷ (0001-2010)",
3386 # NXB Thống kê, Hanoi, 2000.
3387 #
3388 # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu",
3389 # NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995.
3390 
3391 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3392 Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh   7:06:40 -       LMT     1906 Jul  1
3393                         7:06:30 -       PLMT    1911 May  1 # Phù Liễn MT
3394                         7:00    -       +07     1942 Dec 31 23:00
3395                         8:00    -       +08     1945 Mar 14 23:00
3396                         9:00    -       +09     1945 Sep  2
3397                         7:00    -       +07     1947 Apr  1
3398                         8:00    -       +08     1955 Jul  1
3399                         7:00    -       +07     1959 Dec 31 23:00
3400                         8:00    -       +08     1975 Jun 13
3401                         7:00    -       +07












3402 
3403 # Yemen
3404 # See Asia/Riyadh.


 590 # Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi
 591 # / Wulumuqi.  (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)
 592 Zone    Asia/Urumqi     5:50:20 -       LMT     1928
 593                         6:00    -       +06
 594 
 595 
 596 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
 597 
 598 # Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this.
 599 
 600 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
 601 # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
 602 # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
 603 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
 604 # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing
 605 # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
 606 # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
 607 # obtained from
 608 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
 609 
 610 # From Phake Nick (2018-10-27):
 611 # According to Singaporean newspaper
 612 # http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/singfreepresswk19041102-1.2.37
 613 # the day that Hong Kong start using GMT+8 should be Oct 30, 1904.
 614 #
 615 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-17):
 616 # Hong Kong had a time ball near the Marine Police Station, Tsim Sha Tsui.
 617 # "The ball was raised manually each day and dropped at exactly 1pm
 618 # (except on Sundays and Government holidays)."
 619 # Dyson AD. From Time Ball to Atomic Clock. Hong Kong Government. 1983.
 620 # <https://www.hko.gov.hk/publica/gen_pub/timeball_atomic_clock.pdf>
 621 # "From 1904 October 30 the time-ball at Hong Kong has been dropped by order
 622 # of the Governor of the Colony at 17h 0m 0s G.M.T., which is 23m 18s.14 in
 623 # advance of 1h 0m 0s of Hong Kong mean time."
 624 # Hollis HP. Universal Time, Longitudes, and Geodesy. Mon Not R Astron Soc.
 625 # 1905-02-10;65(4):405-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/65.4.382
 626 #
 627 # From Joseph Myers (2018-11-18):
 628 # An astronomer before 1925 referring to GMT would have been using the old
 629 # astronomical convention where the day started at noon, not midnight.
 630 #
 631 # From Steve Allen (2018-11-17):
 632 # Meteorological Observations made at the Hongkong Observatory in the year 1904
 633 # page 4 <https://books.google.com/books?id=kgw5AQAAMAAJ&pg=RA4-PA4>
 634 # ... the log of drop times in Table II shows that on Sunday 1904-10-30 the
 635 # ball was dropped.  So that looks like a special case drop for the sake
 636 # of broadcasting the new local time.
 637 #
 638 # From Phake Nick (2018-11-18):
 639 # According to The Hong Kong Weekly Press, 1904-10-29, p.324, the
 640 # governor of Hong Kong at the time stated that "We are further desired to
 641 # make it known that the change will be effected by firing the gun and by the
 642 # dropping of the Ball at 23min. 18sec. before one."
 643 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
 644 # See <https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk> for this; unfortunately Flash is required.
 645 
 646 # From Phake Nick (2018-10-26):
 647 # I went to check microfilm records stored at Hong Kong Public Library....
 648 # on September 30 1941, according to Ta Kung Pao (Hong Kong edition), it was
 649 # stated that fallback would occur on the next day (the 1st)'s "03:00 am (Hong
 650 # Kong Time 04:00 am)" and the clock will fall back for a half hour. (03:00
 651 # probably refer to the time commonly used in mainland China at the time given
 652 # the paper's background) ... the sunrise/sunset time given by South China
 653 # Morning Post for October 1st was indeed moved by half an hour compares to
 654 # before.  After that, in December, the battle to capture Hong Kong started and
 655 # the library doesn't seems to have any record stored about press during that
 656 # period of time.  Some media resumed publication soon after that within the
 657 # same month, but there were not much information about time there.  Later they
 658 # started including a radio program guide when they restored radio service,
 659 # explicitly mentioning it use Tokyo standard time, and later added a note
 660 # saying it's half an hour ahead of the old Hong Kong standard time, and it
 661 # also seems to indicate that Hong Kong was not using GMT+8 when it was
 662 # captured by Japan.
 663 #
 664 # Image of related sections on newspaper:
 665 # * 1941-09-30, Ta Kung Pao (Hong Kong), "Winter Time start tomorrow".
 666 #   https://i.imgur.com/6waY51Z.jpg (Chinese)
 667 # * 1941-09-29, South China Morning Post, Information on sunrise/sunset
 668 #   time and other things for September 30 and October 1.
 669 #   https://i.imgur.com/kCiUR78.jpg
 670 # * 1942-02-05. The Hong Kong News, Radio Program Guide.
 671 #   https://i.imgur.com/eVvDMzS.jpg
 672 # * 1941-06-14. Hong Kong Daily Press, Daylight Saving from 3am Tomorrow.
 673 #   https://i.imgur.com/05KkvtC.png
 674 # * 1941-09-30, Hong Kong Daily Press, Winter Time Warning.
 675 #   https://i.imgur.com/dge4kFJ.png
 676 # Also, the Liberation day of Hong Kong after WWII which British rule
 677 # over the territory resumed was August 30, 1945, which I think should
 678 # be the termination date for the use of JST in the territory....
 679 
 680 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-17):
 681 # Here are the dates given at
 682 # https://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
 683 # as of 2014-06-19:
 684 # Year        Period
 685 # 1941        15 Jun to 30 Sep
 686 # 1942        Whole year
 687 # 1943        Whole year
 688 # 1944        Whole year
 689 # 1945        Whole year
 690 # 1946        20 Apr to 1 Dec
 691 # 1947        13 Apr to 30 Dec
 692 # 1948        2 May to 31 Oct
 693 # 1949        3 Apr to 30 Oct
 694 # 1950        2 Apr to 29 Oct
 695 # 1951        1 Apr to 28 Oct
 696 # 1952        6 Apr to 2 Nov
 697 # 1953        5 Apr to 1 Nov
 698 # 1954        21 Mar to 31 Oct
 699 # 1955        20 Mar to 6 Nov
 700 # 1956        18 Mar to 4 Nov
 701 # 1957        24 Mar to 3 Nov
 702 # 1958        23 Mar to 2 Nov
 703 # 1959        22 Mar to 1 Nov
 704 # 1960        20 Mar to 6 Nov
 705 # 1961        19 Mar to 5 Nov
 706 # 1962        18 Mar to 4 Nov
 707 # 1963        24 Mar to 3 Nov
 708 # 1964        22 Mar to 1 Nov
 709 # 1965        18 Apr to 17 Oct
 710 # 1966        17 Apr to 16 Oct
 711 # 1967        16 Apr to 22 Oct
 712 # 1968        21 Apr to 20 Oct
 713 # 1969        20 Apr to 19 Oct
 714 # 1970        19 Apr to 18 Oct
 715 # 1971        18 Apr to 17 Oct
 716 # 1972        16 Apr to 22 Oct
 717 # 1973        22 Apr to 21 Oct
 718 # 1973/74     30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74
 719 # 1975        20 Apr to 19 Oct
 720 # 1976        18 Apr to 17 Oct
 721 # 1977        Nil
 722 # 1978        Nil
 723 # 1979        13 May to 21 Oct
 724 # 1980 to Now Nil
 725 # The page does not give times of day for transitions,
 726 # or dates for the 1942 and 1945 transitions.
 727 # The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began 1941-12-25.
 728 # The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-16; see:
 729 # Heaver S. The days after the Pacific war ended: unsettling times
 730 # in Hong Kong. Post Magazine. 2016-06-13.
 731 # https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/article/1852990/days-after-pacific-war-ended-unsettling-times-hong-kong
 732 # For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the
 733 # transition times.
 734 
 735 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S


 736 Rule    HK      1946    only    -       Apr     20      3:30    1:00    S
 737 Rule    HK      1946    only    -       Dec     1       3:30    0       -
 738 Rule    HK      1947    only    -       Apr     13      3:30    1:00    S
 739 Rule    HK      1947    only    -       Dec     30      3:30    0       -
 740 Rule    HK      1948    only    -       May     2       3:30    1:00    S
 741 Rule    HK      1948    1951    -       Oct     lastSun 3:30    0       -
 742 Rule    HK      1952    1953    -       Nov     Sun>=1       3:30    0       -
 743 Rule    HK      1949    1953    -       Apr     Sun>=1       3:30    1:00    S

 744 Rule    HK      1954    1964    -       Mar     Sun>=18      3:30    1:00    S
 745 Rule    HK      1954    only    -       Oct     31      3:30    0       -
 746 Rule    HK      1955    1964    -       Nov     Sun>=1       3:30    0       -
 747 Rule    HK      1965    1976    -       Apr     Sun>=16      3:30    1:00    S
 748 Rule    HK      1965    1976    -       Oct     Sun>=16      3:30    0       -
 749 Rule    HK      1973    only    -       Dec     30      3:30    1:00    S
 750 Rule    HK      1979    only    -       May     Sun>=8       3:30    1:00    S
 751 Rule    HK      1979    only    -       Oct     Sun>=16      3:30    0       -
 752 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 753 Zone    Asia/Hong_Kong  7:36:42 -       LMT     1904 Oct 30  0:36:42
 754                         8:00    -       HKT     1941 Jun 15  3:30
 755                         8:00    1:00    HKST    1941 Oct  1  4:00
 756                         8:30    -       HKT     1941 Dec 25
 757                         9:00    -       JST     1945 Sep 16
 758                         8:00    HK      HK%sT
 759 
 760 ###############################################################################
 761 
 762 # Taiwan
 763 
 764 # From smallufo (2010-04-03):
 765 # According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau],
 766 # http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm
 767 # Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30.
 768 
 769 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
 770 # On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of
 771 # Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that
 772 # Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands
 773 # (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on
 774 # 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be
 775 # found on Wikisource:
 776 # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
 777 # ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because


1133 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
1134 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
1135 
1136 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
1137 # http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html
1138 # (2000-08-16):
1139 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
1140 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour.  The time change,
1141 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
1142 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
1143 
1144 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1145 Zone    Asia/Dili       8:22:20 -       LMT     1912 Jan  1
1146                         8:00    -       +08     1942 Feb 21 23:00
1147                         9:00    -       +09     1976 May  3
1148                         8:00    -       +08     2000 Sep 17  0:00
1149                         9:00    -       +09
1150 
1151 # India
1152 
1153 # British astronomer Henry Park Hollis disliked India Standard Time's offset:
1154 # "A new time system has been proposed for India, Further India, and Burmah.
1155 # The scheme suggested is that the times of the meridians 5½ and 6½ hours
1156 # east of Greenwich should be adopted in these territories.  No reason is
1157 # given why hourly meridians five hours and six hours east should not be
1158 # chosen; a plan which would bring the time of India into harmony with
1159 # that of almost the whole of the civilised world."
1160 # Hollis HP. Universal Time, Longitudes, and Geodesy. Mon Not R Astron Soc.
1161 # 1905-02-10;65(4):405-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/65.4.382
1162 
1163 # From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic
1164 # https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/
1165 # (2015-12-22):
1166 # In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the
1167 # outskirts of Bombay....  They were protesting the proposed abolition of
1168 # local time in favor of Indian Standard Time....  Journalists called this
1169 # dispute the "Battle of the Clocks."  It lasted nearly half a century.
1170 
1171 # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20):
1172 # Good luck trying to nail down old timekeeping records in India.
1173 # "... in the nineteenth century ... Madras Observatory took its magnetic
1174 # measurements on Göttingen time, its meteorological measurements on Madras
1175 # (local) time, dropped its time ball on Greenwich (ocean navigator's) time,
1176 # and distributed civil (local time)." -- Bartky IR. Selling the true time:
1177 # 19th-century timekeeping in america. Stanford U Press (2000), 247 note 19.
1178 # "A more potent cause of resistance to the general adoption of the present
1179 # standard time lies in the fact that it is Madras time.  The citizen of
1180 # Bombay, proud of being 'primus in Indis' and of Calcutta, equally proud of
1181 # his city being the Capital of India, and - for a part of the year - the Seat
1182 # of the Supreme Government, alike look down on Madras, and refuse to change


1313 #       for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
1314 #
1315 #       The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
1316 #       at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
1317 #       to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
1318 #       Shahrivar.
1319 #
1320 #       First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
1321 #
1322 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
1323 # for at least the last 5 years.  Before that, for a few years, the
1324 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
1325 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
1326 #
1327 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
1328 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
1329 # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
1330 # leap year calculation involved.  There has never been any serious
1331 # plan to change that law....
1332 #
1333 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-30):
1334 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
1335 # I used the following code in GNU Emacs 26.1 to generate the "Rule Iran"
1336 # lines from 2008 through 2087.  Emacs 26.1 uses Ed Reingold's
1337 # cal-persia implementation of Birashk's approximation, which in the
1338 # 2008-2087 range disagrees with the the astronomical Persian calendar
1339 # for Persian years 1404 (Gregorian 2025) and 1437 (Gregorian 2058),
1340 # so the following code special-case those years.  See Table 15.1, page 264, of:
1341 # Edward M. Reingold and Nachum Dershowitz, Calendrical Calculations:
1342 # The Ultimate Edition, Cambridge University Press (2018).
1343 # https://www.cambridge.org/fr/academic/subjects/computer-science/computing-general-interest/calendrical-calculations-ultimate-edition-4th-edition
1344 # Page 258, footnote 2, of this book says there is some dispute over what will
1345 # happen in 2091 (and some other years after that), so this code
1346 # stops in 2087, as 2088 and 2089 agree with the "max" rule below.
1347 # (cl-loop
1348 #  initially (require 'cal-persia)
1349 #  with first-persian-year = 1387
1350 #  with last-persian-year = 1466
1351 #  ;; Exceptional years in the above range,
1352 #  ;; from Reingold & Dershowitz Table 15.1, page 264:
1353 #  with exceptional-persian-years = '(1404 1437)
1354 #  with range-start = nil
1355 #  for persian-year from first-persian-year to last-persian-year
1356 #  do
1357 #  (let*
1358 #      ((exceptional-year-offset
1359 #        (if (member persian-year exceptional-persian-years) 1 0))
1360 #       (beg-dst-absolute
1361 #        (+ (calendar-persian-to-absolute (list 1 1 persian-year))
1362 #           exceptional-year-offset))
1363 #       (end-dst-absolute
1364 #        (+ (calendar-persian-to-absolute (list 6 30 persian-year))
1365 #           exceptional-year-offset))
1366 #       (next-year-beg-dst-absolute
1367 #        (+ (calendar-persian-to-absolute (list 1 1 (1+ persian-year)))
1368 #           (if (member (1+ persian-year) exceptional-persian-years) 1 0)))
1369 #       (beg-dst (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute beg-dst-absolute))
1370 #       (end-dst (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute end-dst-absolute))
1371 #       (next-year-beg-dst (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
1372 #                           next-year-beg-dst-absolute))
1373 #       (year (calendar-extract-year beg-dst))
1374 #       (range-end (if range-start year "only")))
1375 #    (setq range-start (or range-start year))
1376 #    (when (or (/= (calendar-extract-day beg-dst)
1377 #                  (calendar-extract-day next-year-beg-dst))
1378 #              (= persian-year last-persian-year))
1379 #      (insert
1380 #       (format
1381 #        "Rule\tIran\t%d\t%s\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t1:00\t-\n"
1382 #        range-start range-end
1383 #        (calendar-month-name (calendar-extract-month beg-dst) t)
1384 #        (calendar-extract-day beg-dst)))
1385 #      (insert
1386 #       (format
1387 #        "Rule\tIran\t%d\t%s\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t0\t-\n"
1388 #        range-start range-end
1389 #        (calendar-month-name (calendar-extract-month end-dst) t)
1390 #        (calendar-extract-day end-dst)))
1391 #      (setq range-start nil))))
1392 #
1393 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
1394 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
1395 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
1396 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
1397 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
1398 # known exactly, amongst other factors.  2157 is even closer:
1399 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT.  But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
1400 # no interpretation problem whatsoever.  By the way, another instant
1401 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
1402 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
1403 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT.  The Java version of
1404 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
1405 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
1406 #
1407 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
1408 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
1409 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
1410 #
1411 # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen:
1412 # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
1413 # daylight saving time ...
1414 # https://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
1415 #
1416 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
1417 # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
1418 # Iran, Volume 63, No. 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
1419 # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
1420 # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
1421 # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
1422 # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
1423 # thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
1424 #
1425 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1426 Rule    Iran    1978    1980    -       Mar     20      24:00   1:00    -
1427 Rule    Iran    1978    only    -       Oct     20      24:00   0       -
1428 Rule    Iran    1979    only    -       Sep     18      24:00   0       -
1429 Rule    Iran    1980    only    -       Sep     22      24:00   0       -
1430 Rule    Iran    1991    only    -       May      2      24:00   1:00    -
1431 Rule    Iran    1992    1995    -       Mar     21      24:00   1:00    -
1432 Rule    Iran    1991    1995    -       Sep     21      24:00   0       -
1433 Rule    Iran    1996    only    -       Mar     20      24:00   1:00    -
1434 Rule    Iran    1996    only    -       Sep     20      24:00   0       -
1435 Rule    Iran    1997    1999    -       Mar     21      24:00   1:00    -
1436 Rule    Iran    1997    1999    -       Sep     21      24:00   0       -
1437 Rule    Iran    2000    only    -       Mar     20      24:00   1:00    -
1438 Rule    Iran    2000    only    -       Sep     20      24:00   0       -
1439 Rule    Iran    2001    2003    -       Mar     21      24:00   1:00    -
1440 Rule    Iran    2001    2003    -       Sep     21      24:00   0       -
1441 Rule    Iran    2004    only    -       Mar     20      24:00   1:00    -
1442 Rule    Iran    2004    only    -       Sep     20      24:00   0       -
1443 Rule    Iran    2005    only    -       Mar     21      24:00   1:00    -
1444 Rule    Iran    2005    only    -       Sep     21      24:00   0       -
1445 Rule    Iran    2008    only    -       Mar     20      24:00   1:00    -
1446 Rule    Iran    2008    only    -       Sep     20      24:00   0       -
1447 Rule    Iran    2009    2011    -       Mar     21      24:00   1:00    -
1448 Rule    Iran    2009    2011    -       Sep     21      24:00   0       -
1449 Rule    Iran    2012    only    -       Mar     20      24:00   1:00    -
1450 Rule    Iran    2012    only    -       Sep     20      24:00   0       -
1451 Rule    Iran    2013    2015    -       Mar     21      24:00   1:00    -
1452 Rule    Iran    2013    2015    -       Sep     21      24:00   0       -
1453 Rule    Iran    2016    only    -       Mar     20      24:00   1:00    -
1454 Rule    Iran    2016    only    -       Sep     20      24:00   0       -
1455 Rule    Iran    2017    2019    -       Mar     21      24:00   1:00    -
1456 Rule    Iran    2017    2019    -       Sep     21      24:00   0       -
1457 Rule    Iran    2020    only    -       Mar     20      24:00   1:00    -
1458 Rule    Iran    2020    only    -       Sep     20      24:00   0       -
1459 Rule    Iran    2021    2023    -       Mar     21      24:00   1:00    -
1460 Rule    Iran    2021    2023    -       Sep     21      24:00   0       -
1461 Rule    Iran    2024    only    -       Mar     20      24:00   1:00    -
1462 Rule    Iran    2024    only    -       Sep     20      24:00   0       -
1463 Rule    Iran    2025    2027    -       Mar     21      24:00   1:00    -
1464 Rule    Iran    2025    2027    -       Sep     21      24:00   0       -
1465 Rule    Iran    2028    2029    -       Mar     20      24:00   1:00    -
1466 Rule    Iran    2028    2029    -       Sep     20      24:00   0       -
1467 Rule    Iran    2030    2031    -       Mar     21      24:00   1:00    -
1468 Rule    Iran    2030    2031    -       Sep     21      24:00   0       -
1469 Rule    Iran    2032    2033    -       Mar     20      24:00   1:00    -
1470 Rule    Iran    2032    2033    -       Sep     20      24:00   0       -
1471 Rule    Iran    2034    2035    -       Mar     21      24:00   1:00    -
1472 Rule    Iran    2034    2035    -       Sep     21      24:00   0       -
1473 Rule    Iran    2036    2037    -       Mar     20      24:00   1:00    -
1474 Rule    Iran    2036    2037    -       Sep     20      24:00   0       -
1475 Rule    Iran    2038    2039    -       Mar     21      24:00   1:00    -
1476 Rule    Iran    2038    2039    -       Sep     21      24:00   0       -
1477 Rule    Iran    2040    2041    -       Mar     20      24:00   1:00    -
1478 Rule    Iran    2040    2041    -       Sep     20      24:00   0       -
1479 Rule    Iran    2042    2043    -       Mar     21      24:00   1:00    -
1480 Rule    Iran    2042    2043    -       Sep     21      24:00   0       -
1481 Rule    Iran    2044    2045    -       Mar     20      24:00   1:00    -
1482 Rule    Iran    2044    2045    -       Sep     20      24:00   0       -
1483 Rule    Iran    2046    2047    -       Mar     21      24:00   1:00    -
1484 Rule    Iran    2046    2047    -       Sep     21      24:00   0       -
1485 Rule    Iran    2048    2049    -       Mar     20      24:00   1:00    -
1486 Rule    Iran    2048    2049    -       Sep     20      24:00   0       -
1487 Rule    Iran    2050    2051    -       Mar     21      24:00   1:00    -
1488 Rule    Iran    2050    2051    -       Sep     21      24:00   0       -
1489 Rule    Iran    2052    2053    -       Mar     20      24:00   1:00    -
1490 Rule    Iran    2052    2053    -       Sep     20      24:00   0       -
1491 Rule    Iran    2054    2055    -       Mar     21      24:00   1:00    -
1492 Rule    Iran    2054    2055    -       Sep     21      24:00   0       -
1493 Rule    Iran    2056    2057    -       Mar     20      24:00   1:00    -
1494 Rule    Iran    2056    2057    -       Sep     20      24:00   0       -
1495 Rule    Iran    2058    2059    -       Mar     21      24:00   1:00    -
1496 Rule    Iran    2058    2059    -       Sep     21      24:00   0       -
1497 Rule    Iran    2060    2062    -       Mar     20      24:00   1:00    -
1498 Rule    Iran    2060    2062    -       Sep     20      24:00   0       -
1499 Rule    Iran    2063    only    -       Mar     21      24:00   1:00    -
1500 Rule    Iran    2063    only    -       Sep     21      24:00   0       -
1501 Rule    Iran    2064    2066    -       Mar     20      24:00   1:00    -
1502 Rule    Iran    2064    2066    -       Sep     20      24:00   0       -
1503 Rule    Iran    2067    only    -       Mar     21      24:00   1:00    -
1504 Rule    Iran    2067    only    -       Sep     21      24:00   0       -
1505 Rule    Iran    2068    2070    -       Mar     20      24:00   1:00    -
1506 Rule    Iran    2068    2070    -       Sep     20      24:00   0       -
1507 Rule    Iran    2071    only    -       Mar     21      24:00   1:00    -
1508 Rule    Iran    2071    only    -       Sep     21      24:00   0       -
1509 Rule    Iran    2072    2074    -       Mar     20      24:00   1:00    -
1510 Rule    Iran    2072    2074    -       Sep     20      24:00   0       -
1511 Rule    Iran    2075    only    -       Mar     21      24:00   1:00    -
1512 Rule    Iran    2075    only    -       Sep     21      24:00   0       -
1513 Rule    Iran    2076    2078    -       Mar     20      24:00   1:00    -
1514 Rule    Iran    2076    2078    -       Sep     20      24:00   0       -
1515 Rule    Iran    2079    only    -       Mar     21      24:00   1:00    -
1516 Rule    Iran    2079    only    -       Sep     21      24:00   0       -
1517 Rule    Iran    2080    2082    -       Mar     20      24:00   1:00    -
1518 Rule    Iran    2080    2082    -       Sep     20      24:00   0       -
1519 Rule    Iran    2083    only    -       Mar     21      24:00   1:00    -
1520 Rule    Iran    2083    only    -       Sep     21      24:00   0       -
1521 Rule    Iran    2084    2086    -       Mar     20      24:00   1:00    -
1522 Rule    Iran    2084    2086    -       Sep     20      24:00   0       -
1523 Rule    Iran    2087    only    -       Mar     21      24:00   1:00    -
1524 Rule    Iran    2087    only    -       Sep     21      24:00   0       -
1525 #
1526 # The following rules are approximations starting in the year 2088.
1527 # These are the best post-2088 approximations available, given the
1528 # restrictions of a single rule using ordinary Gregorian dates.
1529 # At some point this table will need to be extended, though quite
1530 # possibly Iran will change the rules first.
1531 Rule    Iran    2088    max     -       Mar     20      24:00   1:00    -
1532 Rule    Iran    2088    max     -       Sep     20      24:00   0       -
1533 
1534 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1535 Zone    Asia/Tehran     3:25:44 -       LMT     1916
1536                         3:25:44 -       TMT     1946     # Tehran Mean Time
1537                         3:30    -       +0330   1977 Nov
1538                         4:00    Iran    +04/+05 1979
1539                         3:30    Iran    +0330/+0430
1540 
1541 
1542 # Iraq
1543 #
1544 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
1545 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
1546 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
1547 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
1548 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
1549 #
1550 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
1551 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
1552 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time.  They referred


1624 Rule    Zion    1950    only    -       Apr     16      0:00    1:00    D
1625 Rule    Zion    1950    only    -       Sep     15      3:00    0       S
1626 Rule    Zion    1951    only    -       Apr      1      0:00    1:00    D
1627 Rule    Zion    1951    only    -       Nov     11      3:00    0       S
1628 Rule    Zion    1952    only    -       Apr     20      2:00    1:00    D
1629 Rule    Zion    1952    only    -       Oct     19      3:00    0       S
1630 Rule    Zion    1953    only    -       Apr     12      2:00    1:00    D
1631 Rule    Zion    1953    only    -       Sep     13      3:00    0       S
1632 Rule    Zion    1954    only    -       Jun     13      0:00    1:00    D
1633 Rule    Zion    1954    only    -       Sep     12      0:00    0       S
1634 Rule    Zion    1955    only    -       Jun     11      2:00    1:00    D
1635 Rule    Zion    1955    only    -       Sep     11      0:00    0       S
1636 Rule    Zion    1956    only    -       Jun      3      0:00    1:00    D
1637 Rule    Zion    1956    only    -       Sep     30      3:00    0       S
1638 Rule    Zion    1957    only    -       Apr     29      2:00    1:00    D
1639 Rule    Zion    1957    only    -       Sep     22      0:00    0       S
1640 Rule    Zion    1974    only    -       Jul      7      0:00    1:00    D
1641 Rule    Zion    1974    only    -       Oct     13      0:00    0       S
1642 Rule    Zion    1975    only    -       Apr     20      0:00    1:00    D
1643 Rule    Zion    1975    only    -       Aug     31      0:00    0       S
1644 
1645 # From Alois Treindl (2019-03-06):
1646 # http://www.moin.gov.il/Documents/שעון קיץ/clock-50-years-7-2014.pdf
1647 # From Isaac Starkman (2019-03-06):
1648 # Summer time was in that period in 1980 and 1984, see
1649 # https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3951073,00.html
1650 # You can of course read it in translation.
1651 # I checked the local newspapers for that years.
1652 # It started on midnight and end at 01.00 am.
1653 # From Paul Eggert (2019-03-06):
1654 # Also see this thread about the moin.gov.il URL:
1655 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-November/027194.html
1656 Rule    Zion    1980    only    -       Aug      2      0:00    1:00    D
1657 Rule    Zion    1980    only    -       Sep     13      1:00    0       S
1658 Rule    Zion    1984    only    -       May      5      0:00    1:00    D
1659 Rule    Zion    1984    only    -       Aug     25      1:00    0       S
1660 
1661 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
1662 Rule    Zion    1985    only    -       Apr     14      0:00    1:00    D
1663 Rule    Zion    1985    only    -       Sep     15      0:00    0       S
1664 Rule    Zion    1986    only    -       May     18      0:00    1:00    D
1665 Rule    Zion    1986    only    -       Sep      7      0:00    0       S
1666 Rule    Zion    1987    only    -       Apr     15      0:00    1:00    D
1667 Rule    Zion    1987    only    -       Sep     13      0:00    0       S
1668 
1669 # From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05):
1670 # I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the
1671 # [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath
1672 # ends and changes to Sunday.
1673 Rule    Zion    1988    only    -       Apr     10      0:00    1:00    D
1674 Rule    Zion    1988    only    -       Sep      4      0:00    0       S
1675 
1676 # From Ephraim Silverberg
1677 # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
1678 # and 2005-02-17):
1679 
1680 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
1681 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.


1900 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937).  In the ordinance No.
1901 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
1902 # standard....
1903 #
1904 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
1905 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
1906 
1907 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
1908 # ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause
1909 # about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896.
1910 # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
1911 #
1912 # ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which
1913 # means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan
1914 # Central Time (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937.
1915 # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
1916 
1917 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1918 Zone    Asia/Tokyo      9:18:59 -       LMT     1887 Dec 31 15:00u
1919                         9:00    Japan   J%sT
1920 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo,
1921 # except that Truk (Chuuk), Ponape (Pohnpei), and Jaluit (Kosrae) did not
1922 # switch from +10 to +09 until 1941-04-01; see the 'australasia' file.
1923 
1924 # Jordan
1925 #
1926 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html>
1927 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1928 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
1929 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
1930 # all year round.
1931 #
1932 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html>
1933 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
1934 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
1935 # by one hour.  This is the latest government decision and it's final!
1936 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
1937 # government's departments from six to seven hours.
1938 #
1939 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1940 # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1941 #
1942 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):


2192 # No. 23 from 1992-01-08 [See 'europe' file for details].
2193 # Kazakh 1992-01-13 act appears to provide the same rules and 1992-03-27
2194 # act was to be enacted on the last Sunday of March 1992.
2195 
2196 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-08):
2197 # Turgai reorganization should affect only southern part of Qostanay
2198 # oblast.  Which should probably be separated into Asia/Arkalyk zone.
2199 # (There were also 1970, 1988 and 1990 Turgai oblast reorganizations
2200 # according to wikipedia.)
2201 #
2202 # [For Qostanay] http://www.ng.kz/gazeta/195/hranit/
2203 # suggests that clocks were to be moved 40 minutes backwards on
2204 # 1920-01-01 to the fourth time belt.  But I do not understand
2205 # how that could happen....
2206 #
2207 # [For Atyrau and Oral] 1919 decree
2208 # (http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-1919-02-08.html
2209 # and in Byalokoz) lists Ural river (plus 10 versts on its left bank) in
2210 # the third time belt (before 1930 this means +03).
2211 
2212 # From Alexander Konzurovski (2018-12-20):
2213 # Qyzyolrda Region (Asia/Qyzylorda) is changing its time zone from
2214 # UTC+6 to UTC+5 effective December 21st, 2018. The legal document is
2215 # located here: http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P1800000817 (russian language).
2216 
2217 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2218 #
2219 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
2220 # This includes KZ-AKM, KZ-ALA, KZ-ALM, KZ-AST, KZ-BAY, KZ-VOS, KZ-ZHA,
2221 # KZ-KAR, KZ-SEV, KZ-PAV, and KZ-YUZ.
2222 Zone    Asia/Almaty     5:07:48 -       LMT     1924 May  2 # or Alma-Ata
2223                         5:00    -       +05     1930 Jun 21
2224                         6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31  2:00s
2225                         5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19  2:00s
2226                         6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 2004 Oct 31  2:00s
2227                         6:00    -       +06
2228 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) (KZ-KZY)


2229 Zone    Asia/Qyzylorda  4:21:52 -       LMT     1924 May  2
2230                         4:00    -       +04     1930 Jun 21
2231                         5:00    -       +05     1981 Apr  1
2232                         5:00    1:00    +06     1981 Oct  1
2233                         6:00    -       +06     1982 Apr  1
2234                         5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31  2:00s
2235                         4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Sep 29  2:00s
2236                         5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19  2:00s
2237                         6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1992 Mar 29  2:00s
2238                         5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31  2:00s
2239                         6:00    -       +06     2018 Dec 21  0:00
2240                         5:00    -       +05












2241 #
2242 # Qostanay (aka Kostanay, Kustanay) (KZ-KUS)
2243 # The 1991/2 rules are unclear partly because of the 1997 Turgai
2244 # reorganization.
2245 Zone    Asia/Qostanay   4:14:28 -       LMT     1924 May  2
2246                         4:00    -       +04     1930 Jun 21
2247                         5:00    -       +05     1981 Apr  1
2248                         5:00    1:00    +06     1981 Oct  1
2249                         6:00    -       +06     1982 Apr  1
2250                         5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31  2:00s
2251                         4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19  2:00s
2252                         5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31  2:00s
2253                         6:00    -       +06
2254 
2255 # Aqtöbe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-AKT)
2256 Zone    Asia/Aqtobe     3:48:40 -       LMT     1924 May  2
2257                         4:00    -       +04     1930 Jun 21
2258                         5:00    -       +05     1981 Apr  1
2259                         5:00    1:00    +06     1981 Oct  1
2260                         6:00    -       +06     1982 Apr  1
2261                         5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31  2:00s
2262                         4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19  2:00s
2263                         5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31  2:00s
2264                         5:00    -       +05
2265 # Mangghystaū (KZ-MAN)
2266 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
2267 # so include timestamps before 1963.
2268 Zone    Asia/Aqtau      3:21:04 -       LMT     1924 May  2
2269                         4:00    -       +04     1930 Jun 21
2270                         5:00    -       +05     1981 Oct  1
2271                         6:00    -       +06     1982 Apr  1
2272                         5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31  2:00s
2273                         4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19  2:00s
2274                         5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1994 Sep 25  2:00s


2328 
2329 # Korea (North and South)
2330 
2331 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10):
2332 # http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012
2333 # Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it
2334 # during the 1950-53 Korean War.  The system was temporarily enforced
2335 # between 1987 and 1988 ...
2336 
2337 # From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29):
2338 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html
2339 # According to the Korean Wikipedia
2340 # https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시
2341 # [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC]
2342 # DST in Republic of Korea was as follows....  And I checked old
2343 # newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia.
2344 # For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST
2345 # started at June 1 in that year.  For another example, the article in
2346 # 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year.
2347 
2348 # From Phake Nick (2018-10-27):
2349 # 1. According to official announcement from Korean government, the DST end
2350 # date in South Korea should be
2351 # 1955-09-08 without specifying time
2352 # http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027977557
2353 # 1956-09-29 without specifying time
2354 # http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027978341
2355 # 1957-09-21 24 o'clock
2356 # http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027979690#3
2357 # 1958-09-20 24 o'clock
2358 # http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027981189
2359 # 1959-09-19 24 o'clock
2360 # http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027982974#2
2361 # 1960-09-17 24 o'clock
2362 # http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0028044104
2363 # ...
2364 # 2.... https://namu.wiki/w/대한민국%20표준시 ... [says]
2365 # when Korea was using GMT+8:30 as standard time, the international
2366 # aviation/marine/meteorological industry in the country refused to
2367 # follow and continued to use GMT+9:00 for interoperability.
2368 
2369 
2370 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2371 Rule    ROK     1948    only    -       Jun      1       0:00   1:00    D
2372 Rule    ROK     1948    only    -       Sep     12      24:00   0       S
2373 Rule    ROK     1949    only    -       Apr      3       0:00   1:00    D
2374 Rule    ROK     1949    1951    -       Sep     Sat>=7       24:00   0       S
2375 Rule    ROK     1950    only    -       Apr      1       0:00   1:00    D
2376 Rule    ROK     1951    only    -       May      6       0:00   1:00    D
2377 Rule    ROK     1955    only    -       May      5       0:00   1:00    D
2378 Rule    ROK     1955    only    -       Sep      8      24:00   0       S
2379 Rule    ROK     1956    only    -       May     20       0:00   1:00    D
2380 Rule    ROK     1956    only    -       Sep     29      24:00   0       S
2381 Rule    ROK     1957    1960    -       May     Sun>=1        0:00   1:00    D
2382 Rule    ROK     1957    1960    -       Sep     Sat>=17      24:00   0       S
2383 Rule    ROK     1987    1988    -       May     Sun>=8        2:00   1:00    D
2384 Rule    ROK     1987    1988    -       Oct     Sun>=8        3:00   0       S
2385 
2386 # From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23):
2387 # The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets:
2388 #
2389 # 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (decree No. 5)
2390 # 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367
2391 #       (Announcement No. 338)
2392 # 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17)
2393 # 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07)
2394 #
2395 # (Another source "1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)" was in the 2014-10-30
2396 # edition of the Korean Wikipedia entry.)
2397 #
2398 # I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same
2399 # rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST
2400 # when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII.
2401 #
2402 # For Pyongyang, guess no changes from World War II until 2015, as we


3093 # [T]he Palestinian cabinet decision (Mar 8th 2016) published on
3094 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/Upload/Decree/GOV_17/16032016134830.pdf
3095 # states that summer time will end on Oct 29th at 01:00.
3096 #
3097 # From Tim Parenti (2016-10-19):
3098 # Predict fall transitions on October's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on.
3099 # This is consistent with the 2016 transition as well as our spring
3100 # predictions.
3101 #
3102 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-19):
3103 # It's also consistent with predictions in the following URLs today:
3104 # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/gaza-strip/gaza
3105 # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/hebron
3106 
3107 # From Sharef Mustafa (2018-03-16):
3108 # Palestine summer time will start on Mar 24th 2018 by advancing the
3109 # clock by 60 minutes as per Palestinian cabinet decision published on
3110 # the official website, though the decree did not specify the exact
3111 # time of the time shift.
3112 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/Website/AR/NDecrees/ViewFile.ashx?ID=e7a42ab7-ee23-435a-b9c8-a4f7e81f3817
3113 
3114 # From Even Scharning (2019-03-23):
3115 # DST in Palestine will start on 30 March this year, not 23 March as the time
3116 # zone database predicted.
3117 # https://ramallah.news/post/123610
3118 #
3119 # From Tim Parenti (2019-03-23):
3120 # Combining this with the rules observed since 2016, adjust our spring
3121 # transition guess to Mar Sat>=24.
3122 
3123 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
3124 Rule EgyptAsia  1957    only    -       May     10      0:00    1:00    S
3125 Rule EgyptAsia  1957    1958    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       -
3126 Rule EgyptAsia  1958    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    S
3127 Rule EgyptAsia  1959    1967    -       May      1      1:00    1:00    S
3128 Rule EgyptAsia  1959    1965    -       Sep     30      3:00    0       -
3129 Rule EgyptAsia  1966    only    -       Oct      1      3:00    0       -
3130 
3131 Rule Palestine  1999    2005    -       Apr     Fri>=15      0:00    1:00    S
3132 Rule Palestine  1999    2003    -       Oct     Fri>=15      0:00    0       -
3133 Rule Palestine  2004    only    -       Oct      1      1:00    0       -
3134 Rule Palestine  2005    only    -       Oct      4      2:00    0       -
3135 Rule Palestine  2006    2007    -       Apr      1      0:00    1:00    S
3136 Rule Palestine  2006    only    -       Sep     22      0:00    0       -
3137 Rule Palestine  2007    only    -       Sep     Thu>=8       2:00    0       -
3138 Rule Palestine  2008    2009    -       Mar     lastFri 0:00    1:00    S
3139 Rule Palestine  2008    only    -       Sep      1      0:00    0       -
3140 Rule Palestine  2009    only    -       Sep     Fri>=1       1:00    0       -
3141 Rule Palestine  2010    only    -       Mar     26      0:00    1:00    S
3142 Rule Palestine  2010    only    -       Aug     11      0:00    0       -
3143 Rule Palestine  2011    only    -       Apr      1      0:01    1:00    S
3144 Rule Palestine  2011    only    -       Aug      1      0:00    0       -
3145 Rule Palestine  2011    only    -       Aug     30      0:00    1:00    S
3146 Rule Palestine  2011    only    -       Sep     30      0:00    0       -
3147 Rule Palestine  2012    2014    -       Mar     lastThu 24:00   1:00    S
3148 Rule Palestine  2012    only    -       Sep     21      1:00    0       -
3149 Rule Palestine  2013    only    -       Sep     Fri>=21      0:00    0       -
3150 Rule Palestine  2014    2015    -       Oct     Fri>=21      0:00    0       -
3151 Rule Palestine  2015    only    -       Mar     lastFri 24:00   1:00    S
3152 Rule Palestine  2016    max     -       Mar     Sat>=24      1:00    1:00    S
3153 Rule Palestine  2016    max     -       Oct     lastSat 1:00    0       -
3154 
3155 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3156 Zone    Asia/Gaza       2:17:52 -       LMT     1900 Oct
3157                         2:00    Zion    EET/EEST 1948 May 15
3158                         2:00 EgyptAsia  EE%sT   1967 Jun  5
3159                         2:00    Zion    I%sT    1996
3160                         2:00    Jordan  EE%sT   1999
3161                         2:00 Palestine  EE%sT   2008 Aug 29  0:00
3162                         2:00    -       EET     2008 Sep
3163                         2:00 Palestine  EE%sT   2010
3164                         2:00    -       EET     2010 Mar 27  0:01
3165                         2:00 Palestine  EE%sT   2011 Aug  1
3166                         2:00    -       EET     2012
3167                         2:00 Palestine  EE%sT
3168 
3169 Zone    Asia/Hebron     2:20:23 -       LMT     1900 Oct
3170                         2:00    Zion    EET/EEST 1948 May 15
3171                         2:00 EgyptAsia  EE%sT   1967 Jun  5
3172                         2:00    Zion    I%sT    1996
3173                         2:00    Jordan  EE%sT   1999
3174                         2:00 Palestine  EE%sT
3175 
3176 # Paracel Is
3177 # no information
3178 
3179 # Philippines
3180 
3181 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
3182 # The Spanish initially used American (west-of-Greenwich) time.
3183 # It is unknown what time Manila kept when the British occupied it from
3184 # 1762-10-06 through 1764-04; for now assume it kept American time.
3185 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the
3186 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
3187 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's
3188 # History of the International Date Line
3189 # https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm
3190 # The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger.
3191 
3192 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
3193 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
3194 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
3195 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
3196 # but no details]
3197 
3198 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14):
3199 # The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again
3200 # March-June, but this is not definite.  It also says DST was last proclaimed
3201 # during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details.
3202 # Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time.
3203 # Philippine Star 2014-08-05
3204 # http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time


3250 # observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar
3251 # time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12
3252 # o'clock for "Arab" time).
3253 #
3254 # Timekeeping differed depending on who you were and which part of Saudi
3255 # Arabia you were in.  In 1969, Elias Antar wrote that although a common
3256 # practice had been to set one's watch to 12:00 (i.e., midnight) at sunset -
3257 # which meant that the time on one side of a mountain could differ greatly from
3258 # the time on the other side - many foreigners set their watches to 6pm
3259 # instead, while airlines instead used UTC +03 (except in Dhahran, where they
3260 # used UTC +04), Aramco used UTC +03 with DST, and the Trans-Arabian Pipe Line
3261 # Company used Aramco time in eastern Saudi Arabia and airline time in western.
3262 # (The American Military Aid Advisory Group used plain UTC.)  Antar writes,
3263 # "A man named Higgins, so the story goes, used to run a local power
3264 # station. One day, the whole thing became too much for Higgins and he
3265 # assembled his staff and laid down the law. 'I've had enough of this,' he
3266 # shrieked. 'It is now 12 o'clock Higgins Time, and from now on this station is
3267 # going to run on Higgins Time.' And so, until last year, it did."  See:
3268 # Antar E. Dinner at When? Saudi Aramco World, 1969 March/April. 2-3.
3269 # http://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/196902/dinner.at.when.htm
3270 # Also see: Antar EN. Arabian flying is confusing.
3271 # Port Angeles (WA) Evening News. 1965-03-10. page 3.
3272 #
3273 # The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best
3274 # we can do.  The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics
3275 # Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated
3276 # a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and
3277 # Jidda, on March 14, 1947".  Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the
3278 # earlier date.
3279 #
3280 # Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two
3281 # time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of
3282 # the country.  Presumably this is documenting airline time.  Ignore this,
3283 # as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
3284 #
3285 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3286 Zone    Asia/Riyadh     3:06:52 -       LMT     1947 Mar 14
3287                         3:00    -       +03
3288 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden      # Yemen
3289 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait
3290 
3291 # Singapore


3623 # Hoàng Xuân Hãn: "Lịch và lịch Việt Nam". Tập san Khoa học Xã hội,
3624 # No. 9, Paris, February 1982.
3625 #
3626 # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch và niên biểu lịch sử hai mươi thế kỷ (0001-2010)",
3627 # NXB Thống kê, Hanoi, 2000.
3628 #
3629 # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu",
3630 # NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995.
3631 
3632 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3633 Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh   7:06:40 -       LMT     1906 Jul  1
3634                         7:06:30 -       PLMT    1911 May  1 # Phù Liễn MT
3635                         7:00    -       +07     1942 Dec 31 23:00
3636                         8:00    -       +08     1945 Mar 14 23:00
3637                         9:00    -       +09     1945 Sep  2
3638                         7:00    -       +07     1947 Apr  1
3639                         8:00    -       +08     1955 Jul  1
3640                         7:00    -       +07     1959 Dec 31 23:00
3641                         8:00    -       +08     1975 Jun 13
3642                         7:00    -       +07
3643 
3644 # From Paul Eggert (2019-02-19):
3645 #
3646 # The Ho Chi Minh entry suffices for most purposes as it agrees with all of
3647 # Vietnam since 1975-06-13.  Presumably clocks often changed in south Vietnam
3648 # in the early 1970s as locations changed hands during the war; however the
3649 # details are unknown and would likely be too voluminous for this database.
3650 #
3651 # For timestamps in north Vietnam back to 1970 (the tzdb cutoff),
3652 # use Asia/Bangkok; see the VN entries in the file zone1970.tab.
3653 # For timestamps before 1970, see Asia/Hanoi in the file 'backzone'.
3654 
3655 
3656 # Yemen
3657 # See Asia/Riyadh.
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