< prev index next >

test/jdk/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/australasia

Print this page




 406 Rule    Fiji    2012    2013    -       Jan     Sun>=18      3:00    0       -
 407 Rule    Fiji    2014    only    -       Jan     Sun>=18      2:00    0       -
 408 Rule    Fiji    2014    max     -       Nov     Sun>=1       2:00    1:00    -
 409 Rule    Fiji    2015    max     -       Jan     Sun>=13      3:00    0       -
 410 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 411 Zone    Pacific/Fiji    11:55:44 -      LMT     1915 Oct 26 # Suva
 412                         12:00   Fiji    +12/+13
 413 
 414 # French Polynesia
 415 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 416 Zone    Pacific/Gambier  -8:59:48 -     LMT     1912 Oct # Rikitea
 417                          -9:00  -       -09
 418 Zone    Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 -    LMT     1912 Oct
 419                          -9:30  -       -0930
 420 Zone    Pacific/Tahiti   -9:58:16 -     LMT     1912 Oct # Papeete
 421                         -10:00  -       -10
 422 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
 423 # it is uninhabited.
 424 
 425 # Guam
































 426 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 427 Zone    Pacific/Guam    -14:21:00 -     LMT     1844 Dec 31
 428                          9:39:00 -      LMT     1901        # Agana
 429                         10:00   -       GST     2000 Dec 23 # Guam


 430                         10:00   -       ChST    # Chamorro Standard Time
 431 Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is
 432 
 433 # Kiribati
 434 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 435 Zone Pacific/Tarawa      11:32:04 -     LMT     1901 # Bairiki
 436                          12:00  -       +12
 437 Zone Pacific/Enderbury  -11:24:20 -     LMT     1901
 438                         -12:00  -       -12     1979 Oct
 439                         -11:00  -       -11     1994 Dec 31
 440                          13:00  -       +13
 441 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 -     LMT     1901
 442                         -10:40  -       -1040   1979 Oct
 443                         -10:00  -       -10     1994 Dec 31
 444                          14:00  -       +14
 445 
 446 # N Mariana Is
 447 # See Pacific/Guam.
 448 
 449 # Marshall Is
 450 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 451 Zone Pacific/Majuro     11:24:48 -      LMT     1901





 452                         11:00   -       +11     1969 Oct
 453                         12:00   -       +12
 454 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein  11:09:20 -      LMT     1901



 455                         11:00   -       +11     1969 Oct
 456                         -12:00  -       -12     1993 Aug 20
 457                         12:00   -       +12
 458 
 459 # Micronesia
 460 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 461 Zone Pacific/Chuuk      10:07:08 -      LMT     1901





 462                         10:00   -       +10
 463 Zone Pacific/Pohnpei    10:32:52 -      LMT     1901 # Kolonia






 464                         11:00   -       +11
 465 Zone Pacific/Kosrae     10:51:56 -      LMT     1901






 466                         11:00   -       +11     1969 Oct
 467                         12:00   -       +12     1999
 468                         11:00   -       +11
 469 
 470 # Nauru
 471 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 472 Zone    Pacific/Nauru   11:07:40 -      LMT     1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
 473                         11:30   -       +1130   1942 Mar 15
 474                         9:00    -       +09     1944 Aug 15
 475                         11:30   -       +1130   1979 May
 476                         12:00   -       +12
 477 
 478 # New Caledonia
 479 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 480 Rule    NC      1977    1978    -       Dec     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    -
 481 Rule    NC      1978    1979    -       Feb     27      0:00    0       -
 482 Rule    NC      1996    only    -       Dec      1      2:00s   1:00    -
 483 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
 484 Rule    NC      1997    only    -       Mar      2      2:00s   0       -
 485 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 486 Zone    Pacific/Noumea  11:05:48 -      LMT     1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa
 487                         11:00   NC      +11/+12
 488 
 489 
 490 ###############################################################################
 491 
 492 # New Zealand
 493 
 494 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 495 Rule    NZ      1927    only    -       Nov      6      2:00    1:00    S


 556 
 557 
 558 # Niue
 559 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 560 Zone    Pacific/Niue    -11:19:40 -     LMT     1901        # Alofi
 561                         -11:20  -       -1120   1951
 562                         -11:30  -       -1130   1978 Oct  1
 563                         -11:00  -       -11
 564 
 565 # Norfolk
 566 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 567 Zone    Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 -      LMT     1901 # Kingston
 568                         11:12   -       +1112   1951
 569                         11:30   -       +1130   1974 Oct 27 02:00
 570                         11:30   1:00    +1230   1975 Mar  2 02:00
 571                         11:30   -       +1130   2015 Oct  4 02:00
 572                         11:00   -       +11
 573 
 574 # Palau (Belau)
 575 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 576 Zone Pacific/Palau      8:57:56 -       LMT     1901 # Koror

 577                         9:00    -       +09
 578 
 579 # Papua New Guinea
 580 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 581 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 -     LMT     1880
 582                         9:48:32 -       PMMT    1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
 583                         10:00   -       +10
 584 #
 585 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13):
 586 # Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have
 587 # the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War.
 588 #
 589 # Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates
 590 # are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns.
 591 # The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta.
 592 # The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942,
 593 # according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia
 594 # https://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm
 595 # and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender.
 596 #


 819 Rule    Vanuatu 1992    1993    -       Jan     Sun>=23      0:00    0       -
 820 Rule    Vanuatu 1992    only    -       Oct     Sun>=23      0:00    1:00    -
 821 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 822 Zone    Pacific/Efate   11:13:16 -      LMT     1912 Jan 13 # Vila
 823                         11:00   Vanuatu +11/+12
 824 
 825 # Wallis and Futuna
 826 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 827 Zone    Pacific/Wallis  12:15:20 -      LMT     1901
 828                         12:00   -       +12
 829 
 830 ###############################################################################
 831 
 832 # NOTES
 833 
 834 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 835 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 836 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
 837 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
 838 
 839 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10):
 840 #
 841 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
 842 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
 843 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
 844 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
 845 #
 846 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
 847 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport
 848 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 849 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
 850 # of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
 851 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
 852 #
 853 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
 854 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
 855 # I found in the UCLA library.
 856 #
 857 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
 858 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
 859 # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
 860 #
 861 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
 862 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
 863 #

 864 # The following abbreviations are from other sources.
 865 # Corrections are welcome!
 866 #               std     dst
 867 #               LMT             Local Mean Time
 868 #         8:00  AWST    AWDT    Western Australia
 869 #         9:30  ACST    ACDT    Central Australia
 870 #        10:00  AEST    AEDT    Eastern Australia
 871 #        10:00  GST             Guam through 2000
 872 #        10:00  ChST            Chamorro
 873 #        11:30  NZMT    NZST    New Zealand through 1945
 874 #        12:00  NZST    NZDT    New Zealand 1946-present
 875 #       -11:00  SST             Samoa
 876 #       -10:00  HST             Hawaii
 877 #
 878 # See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii.
 879 # See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is.
 880 
 881 ###############################################################################
 882 
 883 # Australia
 884 
 885 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
 886 # Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting
 887 # region against region, rural against urban, and local against global.
 888 # For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving
 889 # Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native
 890 # Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was
 891 # very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a


1550 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
1551 # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
1552 
1553 
1554 # Kiribati
1555 
1556 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1557 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
1558 # "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995"
1559 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
1560 
1561 # From Kerry Shetline (2018-02-03):
1562 # December 31 was the day that was skipped, so that the transition
1563 # would be from Friday December 30, 1994 to Sunday January 1, 1995.
1564 # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-04):
1565 # One source for this is page 202 of: Bartky IR. One Time Fits All:
1566 # The Campaigns for Global Uniformity (2007).
1567 
1568 # Kwajalein
1569 
1570 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
1571 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
1572 # 1993-08-20.  Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
1573 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
1574 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.




















1575 
1576 
1577 # N Mariana Is, Guam
1578 







1579 # Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
1580 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones
1581 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
1582 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
1583 # see Asia/Manila.
1584 





1585 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time,
1586 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time".  There is no official abbreviation,
1587 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,
1588 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".
1589 

1590 
1591 # Micronesia









1592 
1593 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
1594 # "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk'
1595 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10."
1596 #
1597 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11
1598 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
1599 
1600 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
1601 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
1602 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26)
1603 # http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html
1604 # that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11.
1605 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now.
1606 

























































































1607 
1608 # Midway
1609 
1610 # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),
1611 # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection
1612 # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31):
1613 # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight
1614 # Saving Time.  This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning,
1615 # your time down there in New Zealand.  Starting September 2, 1956
1616 # we'll again go back to Standard Time.  This'll mean that we'll go to
1617 # air at 6am your time.
1618 #
1619 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1620 # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they
1621 # started DST on June 3.  Possibly DST was observed other years
1622 # in Midway, but we have no record of it.
1623 























1624 # Norfolk
1625 
1626 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23):
1627 # Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100:
1628 # https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text
1629 # ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015.
1630 # http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf
1631 
1632 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23):
1633 # Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted
1634 # the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's
1635 # Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST
1636 # other than in 1974/5.  See:
1637 # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html
1638 



1639 # Pitcairn
1640 
1641 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
1642 # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
1643 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time.  The Proclamation is as follows.
1644 #
1645 #       The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
1646 #       Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
1647 #       as Pitcairn Standard Time.
1648 #
1649 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
1650 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
1651 # somehow in light of this proclamation.
1652 
1653 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
1654 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
1655 # ... at midnight.
1656 
1657 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
1658 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as


1782 # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18):
1783 # For now, guess that DST is discontinued.  That's what the IATA is guessing.
1784 
1785 
1786 # Wake
1787 
1788 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
1789 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
1790 #
1791 # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ...  The time was all the
1792 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
1793 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays.  Furthermore, we
1794 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
1795 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
1796 # impossible.
1797 #
1798 # https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm
1799 
1800 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1801 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.



1802 
1803 ###############################################################################
1804 
1805 # The International Date Line
1806 
1807 # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
1808 #
1809 # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
1810 # convention, or treaty.  Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
1811 # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
1812 # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.
1813 #
1814 # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and
1815 # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL
1816 # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most
1817 # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati.  Even that line
1818 # has a rather arbitrary nature.  The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
1819 # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
1820 # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is
1821 # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some




 406 Rule    Fiji    2012    2013    -       Jan     Sun>=18      3:00    0       -
 407 Rule    Fiji    2014    only    -       Jan     Sun>=18      2:00    0       -
 408 Rule    Fiji    2014    max     -       Nov     Sun>=1       2:00    1:00    -
 409 Rule    Fiji    2015    max     -       Jan     Sun>=13      3:00    0       -
 410 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 411 Zone    Pacific/Fiji    11:55:44 -      LMT     1915 Oct 26 # Suva
 412                         12:00   Fiji    +12/+13
 413 
 414 # French Polynesia
 415 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 416 Zone    Pacific/Gambier  -8:59:48 -     LMT     1912 Oct # Rikitea
 417                          -9:00  -       -09
 418 Zone    Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 -    LMT     1912 Oct
 419                          -9:30  -       -0930
 420 Zone    Pacific/Tahiti   -9:58:16 -     LMT     1912 Oct # Papeete
 421                         -10:00  -       -10
 422 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
 423 # it is uninhabited.
 424 
 425 # Guam
 426 
 427 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 428 # http://guamlegislature.com/Public_Laws_5th/PL05-025.pdf
 429 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-59-7-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time-May-6-1959.pdf
 430 Rule    Guam    1959    only    -       Jun     27      2:00    1:00    D
 431 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-61-5-Revocation-of-Daylight-Saving-Time-and-Restoratio.pdf
 432 Rule    Guam    1961    only    -       Jan     29      2:00    0       S
 433 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-67-13-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf
 434 Rule    Guam    1967    only    -       Sep      1      2:00    1:00    D
 435 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-69-2-Repeal-of-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf
 436 Rule    Guam    1969    only    -       Jan     26      0:01    0       S
 437 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-69-10-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf
 438 Rule    Guam    1969    only    -       Jun     22      2:00    1:00    D
 439 Rule    Guam    1969    only    -       Aug     31      2:00    0       S
 440 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-70-10-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf
 441 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-70-30-End-of-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf
 442 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-71-5-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf
 443 Rule    Guam    1970    1971    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 444 Rule    Guam    1970    1971    -       Sep     Sun>=1       2:00    0       S
 445 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-73-28.-Guam-Day-light-Saving-Time.pdf
 446 Rule    Guam    1973    only    -       Dec     16      2:00    1:00    D
 447 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-74-7-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time-Rescinded.pdf
 448 Rule    Guam    1974    only    -       Feb     24      2:00    0       S
 449 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-76-13-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf
 450 Rule    Guam    1976    only    -       May     26      2:00    1:00    D
 451 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-76-25-Revocation-of-E.O.-76-13.pdf
 452 Rule    Guam    1976    only    -       Aug     22      2:01    0       S
 453 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-77-4-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf
 454 Rule    Guam    1977    only    -       Apr     24      2:00    1:00    D
 455 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-77-18-Guam-Standard-Time.pdf
 456 Rule    Guam    1977    only    -       Aug     28      2:00    0       S
 457 
 458 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 459 Zone    Pacific/Guam    -14:21:00 -     LMT     1844 Dec 31
 460                          9:39:00 -      LMT     1901        # Agana
 461                         10:00   -       GST     1941 Dec 10 # Guam
 462                          9:00   -       +09     1944 Jul 31
 463                         10:00   Guam    G%sT    2000 Dec 23
 464                         10:00   -       ChST    # Chamorro Standard Time
 465 Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is
 466 
 467 # Kiribati
 468 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 469 Zone Pacific/Tarawa      11:32:04 -     LMT     1901 # Bairiki
 470                          12:00  -       +12
 471 Zone Pacific/Enderbury  -11:24:20 -     LMT     1901
 472                         -12:00  -       -12     1979 Oct
 473                         -11:00  -       -11     1994 Dec 31
 474                          13:00  -       +13
 475 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 -     LMT     1901
 476                         -10:40  -       -1040   1979 Oct
 477                         -10:00  -       -10     1994 Dec 31
 478                          14:00  -       +14
 479 
 480 # N Mariana Is
 481 # See Pacific/Guam.
 482 
 483 # Marshall Is
 484 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 485 Zone Pacific/Majuro      11:24:48 -     LMT     1901
 486                          11:00  -       +11     1914 Oct
 487                           9:00  -       +09     1919 Feb  1
 488                          11:00  -       +11     1937
 489                          10:00  -       +10     1941 Apr  1
 490                           9:00  -       +09     1944 Jan 30
 491                          11:00  -       +11     1969 Oct
 492                          12:00  -       +12
 493 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein   11:09:20 -     LMT     1901
 494                          11:00  -       +11     1937
 495                          10:00  -       +10     1941 Apr  1
 496                           9:00  -       +09     1944 Feb  6
 497                          11:00  -       +11     1969 Oct
 498                         -12:00  -       -12     1993 Aug 20 24:00
 499                          12:00  -       +12
 500 
 501 # Micronesia
 502 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 503 Zone Pacific/Chuuk      -13:52:52 -     LMT     1844 Dec 31
 504                          10:07:08 -     LMT     1901
 505                          10:00  -       +10     1914 Oct
 506                           9:00  -       +09     1919 Feb  1
 507                          10:00  -       +10     1941 Apr  1
 508                           9:00  -       +09     1945 Aug
 509                          10:00  -       +10
 510 Zone Pacific/Pohnpei    -13:27:08 -     LMT     1844 Dec 31     # Kolonia
 511                          10:32:52 -     LMT     1901
 512                          11:00  -       +11     1914 Oct
 513                           9:00  -       +09     1919 Feb  1
 514                          11:00  -       +11     1937
 515                          10:00  -       +10     1941 Apr  1
 516                           9:00  -       +09     1945 Aug
 517                          11:00  -       +11
 518 Zone Pacific/Kosrae     -13:08:04 -     LMT     1844 Dec 31
 519                          10:51:56 -     LMT     1901
 520                          11:00  -       +11     1914 Oct
 521                           9:00  -       +09     1919 Feb  1
 522                          11:00  -       +11     1937
 523                          10:00  -       +10     1941 Apr  1
 524                           9:00  -       +09     1945 Aug
 525                          11:00  -       +11     1969 Oct
 526                          12:00  -       +12     1999
 527                          11:00  -       +11
 528 
 529 # Nauru
 530 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 531 Zone    Pacific/Nauru   11:07:40 -      LMT     1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
 532                         11:30   -       +1130   1942 Aug 29
 533                          9:00   -       +09     1945 Sep  8
 534                         11:30   -       +1130   1979 Feb 10  2:00
 535                         12:00   -       +12
 536 
 537 # New Caledonia
 538 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 539 Rule    NC      1977    1978    -       Dec     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    -
 540 Rule    NC      1978    1979    -       Feb     27      0:00    0       -
 541 Rule    NC      1996    only    -       Dec      1      2:00s   1:00    -
 542 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
 543 Rule    NC      1997    only    -       Mar      2      2:00s   0       -
 544 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 545 Zone    Pacific/Noumea  11:05:48 -      LMT     1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa
 546                         11:00   NC      +11/+12
 547 
 548 
 549 ###############################################################################
 550 
 551 # New Zealand
 552 
 553 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 554 Rule    NZ      1927    only    -       Nov      6      2:00    1:00    S


 615 
 616 
 617 # Niue
 618 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 619 Zone    Pacific/Niue    -11:19:40 -     LMT     1901        # Alofi
 620                         -11:20  -       -1120   1951
 621                         -11:30  -       -1130   1978 Oct  1
 622                         -11:00  -       -11
 623 
 624 # Norfolk
 625 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 626 Zone    Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 -      LMT     1901 # Kingston
 627                         11:12   -       +1112   1951
 628                         11:30   -       +1130   1974 Oct 27 02:00
 629                         11:30   1:00    +1230   1975 Mar  2 02:00
 630                         11:30   -       +1130   2015 Oct  4 02:00
 631                         11:00   -       +11
 632 
 633 # Palau (Belau)
 634 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 635 Zone Pacific/Palau      -15:02:04 -     LMT     1844 Dec 31     # Koror
 636                           8:57:56 -     LMT     1901
 637                           9:00  -       +09
 638 
 639 # Papua New Guinea
 640 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 641 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 -     LMT     1880
 642                         9:48:32 -       PMMT    1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
 643                         10:00   -       +10
 644 #
 645 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13):
 646 # Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have
 647 # the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War.
 648 #
 649 # Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates
 650 # are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns.
 651 # The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta.
 652 # The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942,
 653 # according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia
 654 # https://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm
 655 # and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender.
 656 #


 879 Rule    Vanuatu 1992    1993    -       Jan     Sun>=23      0:00    0       -
 880 Rule    Vanuatu 1992    only    -       Oct     Sun>=23      0:00    1:00    -
 881 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 882 Zone    Pacific/Efate   11:13:16 -      LMT     1912 Jan 13 # Vila
 883                         11:00   Vanuatu +11/+12
 884 
 885 # Wallis and Futuna
 886 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 887 Zone    Pacific/Wallis  12:15:20 -      LMT     1901
 888                         12:00   -       +12
 889 
 890 ###############################################################################
 891 
 892 # NOTES
 893 
 894 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 895 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 896 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
 897 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
 898 
 899 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
 900 #
 901 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
 902 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
 903 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
 904 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
 905 #
 906 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
 907 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport
 908 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 909 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
 910 # of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
 911 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
 912 #
 913 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
 914 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
 915 # I found in the UCLA library.
 916 #
 917 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
 918 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
 919 # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
 920 #
 921 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
 922 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
 923 #
 924 # I invented the abbreviation marked "*".
 925 # The following abbreviations are from other sources.
 926 # Corrections are welcome!
 927 #               std     dst
 928 #               LMT             Local Mean Time
 929 #         8:00  AWST    AWDT    Western Australia
 930 #         9:30  ACST    ACDT    Central Australia
 931 #        10:00  AEST    AEDT    Eastern Australia
 932 #        10:00  GST     GDT*    Guam through 2000
 933 #        10:00  ChST            Chamorro
 934 #        11:30  NZMT    NZST    New Zealand through 1945
 935 #        12:00  NZST    NZDT    New Zealand 1946-present
 936 #       -11:00  SST             Samoa
 937 #       -10:00  HST             Hawaii
 938 #
 939 # See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii.
 940 # See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is.
 941 
 942 ###############################################################################
 943 
 944 # Australia
 945 
 946 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
 947 # Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting
 948 # region against region, rural against urban, and local against global.
 949 # For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving
 950 # Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native
 951 # Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was
 952 # very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a


1611 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
1612 # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
1613 
1614 
1615 # Kiribati
1616 
1617 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1618 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
1619 # "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995"
1620 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
1621 
1622 # From Kerry Shetline (2018-02-03):
1623 # December 31 was the day that was skipped, so that the transition
1624 # would be from Friday December 30, 1994 to Sunday January 1, 1995.
1625 # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-04):
1626 # One source for this is page 202 of: Bartky IR. One Time Fits All:
1627 # The Campaigns for Global Uniformity (2007).
1628 
1629 # Kwajalein
1630 
1631 # From an AP article (1993-08-22):
1632 # "The nearly 3,000 Americans living on this remote Pacific atoll have a good
1633 # excuse for not remembering Saturday night: there wasn't one.  Residents were
1634 # going to bed Friday night and waking up Sunday morning because at midnight
1635 # -- 8 A.M. Eastern daylight time on Saturday -- Kwajalein was jumping from
1636 # one side of the international date line to the other."
1637 # "In Marshall Islands, Friday is followed by Sunday", NY Times. 1993-08-22.
1638 # https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/22/world/in-marshall-islands-friday-is-followed-by-sunday.html
1639 
1640 # From Phake Nick (2018-10-27):
1641 # <https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/南洋群島の標準時> ... pointed out that
1642 # currently tzdata say Pacific/Kwajalein switched from GMT+11 to GMT-12 in
1643 # 1969 October without explanation, however an 1993 article from NYT say it
1644 # synchorized its day with US mainland about 40 years ago and thus the switch
1645 # should occur at around 1950s instead.
1646 #
1647 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
1648 # The NYT (actually, AP) article is vague and possibly wrong about this.
1649 # The article says the earlier switch was "40 years ago when the United States
1650 # Army established a missile test range here".  However, the Kwajalein Test
1651 # Center was established on 1960-10-01 and was run by the US Navy.  It was
1652 # transferred to the US Army on 1964-07-01.  See "Seize the High Ground"
1653 # <https://history.army.mil/html/books/070/70-88-1/cmhPub_70-88-1.pdf>.
1654 # Given that Shanks was right on the money about the 1993 change, I'm inclined
1655 # to take Shanks's word for the 1969 change unless we find better evidence.
1656 
1657 
1658 # N Mariana Is, Guam
1659 
1660 # From Phake Nick (2018-10-27):
1661 # Guam Island was briefly annexed by Japan during ... year 1941-1944 ...
1662 # however there are no detailed information about what time it use during that
1663 # period.  It would probably be reasonable to assume Guam use GMT+9 during
1664 # that period of time like the surrounding area.
1665 
1666 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
1667 # Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
1668 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones
1669 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
1670 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
1671 # see Asia/Manila.
1672 #
1673 # Use 1941-12-10 and 1944-07-31 for Guam WWII transitions, as the rough start
1674 # and end of Japanese control of Agana.  We don't know whether the Northern
1675 # Marianas followed Guam's DST rules from 1959 through 1977; for now, assume
1676 # they did as that avoids the need for a separate zone due to our 1970 cutoff.
1677 #
1678 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time,
1679 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time".  There is no official abbreviation,
1680 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,
1681 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".
1682 
1683 # See also the commentary for Micronesia.
1684 
1685 
1686 # Marshall Is
1687 # See the commentary for Micronesia.
1688 
1689 
1690 # Micronesia (and nearby)
1691 
1692 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
1693 # Like the Ladrones (see Guam commentary), assume the Spanish East Indies
1694 # kept American time until the Philippines switched at the end of 1844.
1695 
1696 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
1697 # "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk'
1698 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10."
1699 #
1700 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11
1701 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
1702 
1703 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
1704 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
1705 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26)
1706 # http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html
1707 # that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11.
1708 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now.
1709 
1710 # From Phake Nick (2018-10-27):
1711 #
1712 # From a Japanese wiki site https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/南洋群島の標準時
1713 # ...
1714 # For "Southern Islands" (modern region of Mariana + Palau + Federation of
1715 # Micronesia + Marshall Islands):
1716 #
1717 # A 1906 Japanese magazine shown the Caroline Islands and Mariana Islands
1718 # who was occupied by Germany at the time as GMT+10, together with the like
1719 # of German New Guinea.  However there is a marking saying it have not been
1720 # implemented (yet).  No further information after that were found.
1721 #
1722 # Japan invaded those islands in 1914, and records shows that they were
1723 # instructed to use JST at the time.
1724 #
1725 # 1915 January telecommunication record on the Jaluit Atoll shows they use
1726 # the meridian of 170E as standard time (GMT+11:20), which is similar to the
1727 # longitude of the atoll.
1728 # 1915 February record say the 170E standard time is to be used until
1729 # February 9 noon, and after February 9 noon they are to use JST.
1730 # However these are time used within the Japanese Military at the time and
1731 # probably does not reflect the time used by local resident at the time (that
1732 # is if they keep their own time back then)
1733 #
1734 # In January 1919 the occupying force issued a command that split the area
1735 # into three different timezone with meridian of 135E, 150E, 165E (JST+0, +1,
1736 # +2), and the command was to become effective from February 1 of the same
1737 # year.  Despite the target of the command is still only for the occupying
1738 # force itself, further publication have described the time as the standard
1739 # time for the occupied area and thus it can probably be seen as such.
1740 #  * Area that use meridian of 135E: Palau and Yap civil administration area
1741 #    (Southern Islands Western Standard Time)
1742 #  * Area that use meridian of 150E: Truk (Chuuk) and Saipan civil
1743 #    administration area (Southern Islands Central Standard Time)
1744 #  * Area that use meridian of 165E: Ponape (Pohnpei) and Jaluit civil
1745 #    administration area (Southern Islands Eastern Standard Time).
1746 #  * In the next few years Japanese occupation of those islands have been
1747 #    formalized via League of Nation Mandate (South Pacific Mandate) and formal
1748 #    governance structure have been established, these district [become
1749 #    subprefectures] and timezone classification have been inherited as standard
1750 #    time of the area.
1751 #  * Saipan subprefecture include Mariana islands (exclude Guam which was
1752 #    occupied by America at the time), Palau and Yap subprefecture rule the
1753 #    Western Caroline Islands with 137E longitude as border, Truk and Ponape
1754 #    subprefecture rule the Eastern Caroline Islands with 154E as border, Ponape
1755 #    subprefecture also rule part of Marshall Islands to the west of 164E
1756 #    starting from (1918?) and Jaluit subprefecture rule the rest of the
1757 #    Marshall Islands.
1758 #
1759 # And then in year 1937, an announcement was made to change the time in the
1760 # area into 2 timezones:
1761 #  * Area that use meridian of 135E: area administered by Palau, Yap and
1762 #    Saipan subprefecture (Southern Islands Western Standard Time)
1763 #  * Area that use meridian of 150E: area administered by Truk (Chuuk),
1764 #    Ponape (Pohnpei) and Jaluit subprefecture (Southern Islands Eastern
1765 #    Standard Time)
1766 #
1767 # Another announcement issued in 1941 say that on April 1 that year,
1768 # standard time of the Southern Islands would be changed to use the meridian
1769 # of 135E (GMT+9), and thus abolishing timezone different within the area.
1770 #
1771 # Then Pacific theater of WWII started and Japan slowly lose control on the
1772 # island.  The webpage I linked above contain no information during this
1773 # period of time....
1774 #
1775 # After the end of WWII, in 1946 February, a document written by the
1776 # (former?) Japanese military personnel describe there are 3 hours time
1777 # different between Caroline islands time/Wake island time and the Chungking
1778 # time, which would mean the time being used there at the time was GMT+10.
1779 #
1780 # After that, the area become Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands
1781 # under American administration from year 1947.  The site listed some
1782 # American/International books/maps/publications about time used in those
1783 # area during this period of time but they doesn't seems to be reliable
1784 # information so it would be the best if someone know where can more reliable
1785 # information can be found.
1786 #
1787 #
1788 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
1789 #
1790 # For the above, use vague dates like "1914" and "1945" for transitions that
1791 # plausibly exist but for which the details are not known.  The information
1792 # for Wake is too sketchy to act on.
1793 #
1794 # The 1906 GMT+10 info about German-controlled islands might not have been
1795 # done, so omit it from the data for now.
1796 #
1797 # The Jaluit info governs Kwajalein.
1798 
1799 
1800 # Midway
1801 
1802 # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),
1803 # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection
1804 # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31):
1805 # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight
1806 # Saving Time.  This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning,
1807 # your time down there in New Zealand.  Starting September 2, 1956
1808 # we'll again go back to Standard Time.  This'll mean that we'll go to
1809 # air at 6am your time.
1810 #
1811 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1812 # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they
1813 # started DST on June 3.  Possibly DST was observed other years
1814 # in Midway, but we have no record of it.
1815 
1816 # Nauru
1817 
1818 # From Phake Nick (2018-10-31):
1819 # Currently, the tz database say Nauru use LMT until 1921, and then
1820 # switched to GMT+11:30 for the next two decades.
1821 # However, a number of timezone map published in America/Japan back then
1822 # showed its timezone as GMT+11 per https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/ナウルの標準時
1823 # And it would also be nice if the 1921 transition date could be sourced.
1824 # ...
1825 # The "Nauru Standard Time Act 1978 Time Change"
1826 # http://ronlaw.gov.nr/nauru_lpms/files/gazettes/4b23a17d2030150404db7a5fa5872f52.pdf#page=3
1827 # based on "Nauru Standard Time Act 1978 Time Change"
1828 # http://www.paclii.org/nr/legis/num_act/nsta1978207/ defined that "Nauru
1829 # Alternative Time" (GMT+12) should be in effect from 1979 Feb.
1830 #
1831 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-19):
1832 # The 1921-01-15 introduction of standard time is in Shanks; it is also in
1833 # "Standard Time Throughout the World", US National Bureau of Standards (1935),
1834 # page 3, which does not give the UT offset.  In response to a comment by
1835 # Phake Nick I set the Nauru time of occupation by Japan to
1836 # 1942-08-29/1945-09-08 by using dates from:
1837 # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Nauru
1838 
1839 # Norfolk
1840 
1841 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23):
1842 # Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100:
1843 # https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text
1844 # ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015.
1845 # http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf
1846 
1847 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23):
1848 # Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted
1849 # the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's
1850 # Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST
1851 # other than in 1974/5.  See:
1852 # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html
1853 
1854 # Palau
1855 # See commentary for Micronesia.
1856 
1857 # Pitcairn
1858 
1859 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
1860 # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
1861 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time.  The Proclamation is as follows.
1862 #
1863 #       The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
1864 #       Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
1865 #       as Pitcairn Standard Time.
1866 #
1867 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
1868 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
1869 # somehow in light of this proclamation.
1870 
1871 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
1872 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
1873 # ... at midnight.
1874 
1875 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
1876 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as


2000 # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18):
2001 # For now, guess that DST is discontinued.  That's what the IATA is guessing.
2002 
2003 
2004 # Wake
2005 
2006 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
2007 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
2008 #
2009 # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ...  The time was all the
2010 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
2011 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays.  Furthermore, we
2012 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
2013 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
2014 # impossible.
2015 #
2016 # https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm
2017 
2018 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
2019 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
2020 
2021 # See also the commentary for Micronesia.
2022 
2023 
2024 ###############################################################################
2025 
2026 # The International Date Line
2027 
2028 # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
2029 #
2030 # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
2031 # convention, or treaty.  Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
2032 # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
2033 # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.
2034 #
2035 # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and
2036 # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL
2037 # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most
2038 # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati.  Even that line
2039 # has a rather arbitrary nature.  The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
2040 # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
2041 # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is
2042 # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some


< prev index next >