406 Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 -
407 Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 -
408 Rule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 -
409 Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=13 3:00 0 -
410 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
411 Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
412 12:00 Fiji +12/+13
413
414 # French Polynesia
415 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
416 Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
417 -9:00 - -09
418 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
419 -9:30 - -0930
420 Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
421 -10:00 - -10
422 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
423 # it is uninhabited.
424
425 # Guam
426 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
427 Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
428 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
429 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam
430 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
431 Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is
432
433 # Kiribati
434 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
435 Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
436 12:00 - +12
437 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
438 -12:00 - -12 1979 Oct
439 -11:00 - -11 1994 Dec 31
440 13:00 - +13
441 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
442 -10:40 - -1040 1979 Oct
443 -10:00 - -10 1994 Dec 31
444 14:00 - +14
445
446 # N Mariana Is
447 # See Pacific/Guam.
448
449 # Marshall Is
450 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
451 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
452 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
453 12:00 - +12
454 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
455 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
456 -12:00 - -12 1993 Aug 20
457 12:00 - +12
458
459 # Micronesia
460 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
461 Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
462 10:00 - +10
463 Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
464 11:00 - +11
465 Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
466 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
467 12:00 - +12 1999
468 11:00 - +11
469
470 # Nauru
471 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
472 Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
473 11:30 - +1130 1942 Mar 15
474 9:00 - +09 1944 Aug 15
475 11:30 - +1130 1979 May
476 12:00 - +12
477
478 # New Caledonia
479 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
480 Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 -
481 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
482 Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 -
483 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
484 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
485 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
486 Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa
487 11:00 NC +11/+12
488
489
490 ###############################################################################
491
492 # New Zealand
493
494 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
495 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S
556
557
558 # Niue
559 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
560 Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
561 -11:20 - -1120 1951
562 -11:30 - -1130 1978 Oct 1
563 -11:00 - -11
564
565 # Norfolk
566 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
567 Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
568 11:12 - +1112 1951
569 11:30 - +1130 1974 Oct 27 02:00
570 11:30 1:00 +1230 1975 Mar 2 02:00
571 11:30 - +1130 2015 Oct 4 02:00
572 11:00 - +11
573
574 # Palau (Belau)
575 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
576 Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
577 9:00 - +09
578
579 # Papua New Guinea
580 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
581 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
582 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
583 10:00 - +10
584 #
585 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13):
586 # Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have
587 # the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War.
588 #
589 # Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates
590 # are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns.
591 # The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta.
592 # The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942,
593 # according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia
594 # https://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm
595 # and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender.
596 #
819 Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
820 Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 -
821 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
822 Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
823 11:00 Vanuatu +11/+12
824
825 # Wallis and Futuna
826 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
827 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
828 12:00 - +12
829
830 ###############################################################################
831
832 # NOTES
833
834 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
835 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
836 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
837 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
838
839 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10):
840 #
841 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
842 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
843 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
844 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
845 #
846 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
847 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport
848 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
849 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
850 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
851 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
852 #
853 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
854 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
855 # I found in the UCLA library.
856 #
857 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
858 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
859 # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
860 #
861 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
862 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
863 #
864 # The following abbreviations are from other sources.
865 # Corrections are welcome!
866 # std dst
867 # LMT Local Mean Time
868 # 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia
869 # 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia
870 # 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia
871 # 10:00 GST Guam through 2000
872 # 10:00 ChST Chamorro
873 # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
874 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
875 # -11:00 SST Samoa
876 # -10:00 HST Hawaii
877 #
878 # See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii.
879 # See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is.
880
881 ###############################################################################
882
883 # Australia
884
885 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
886 # Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting
887 # region against region, rural against urban, and local against global.
888 # For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving
889 # Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native
890 # Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was
891 # very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a
1550 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
1551 # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
1552
1553
1554 # Kiribati
1555
1556 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1557 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
1558 # "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995"
1559 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
1560
1561 # From Kerry Shetline (2018-02-03):
1562 # December 31 was the day that was skipped, so that the transition
1563 # would be from Friday December 30, 1994 to Sunday January 1, 1995.
1564 # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-04):
1565 # One source for this is page 202 of: Bartky IR. One Time Fits All:
1566 # The Campaigns for Global Uniformity (2007).
1567
1568 # Kwajalein
1569
1570 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
1571 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
1572 # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
1573 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
1574 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
1575
1576
1577 # N Mariana Is, Guam
1578
1579 # Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
1580 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones
1581 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
1582 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
1583 # see Asia/Manila.
1584
1585 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time,
1586 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation,
1587 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,
1588 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".
1589
1590
1591 # Micronesia
1592
1593 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
1594 # "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk'
1595 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10."
1596 #
1597 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11
1598 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
1599
1600 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
1601 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
1602 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26)
1603 # http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html
1604 # that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11.
1605 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now.
1606
1607
1608 # Midway
1609
1610 # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),
1611 # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection
1612 # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31):
1613 # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight
1614 # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning,
1615 # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956
1616 # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to
1617 # air at 6am your time.
1618 #
1619 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1620 # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they
1621 # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years
1622 # in Midway, but we have no record of it.
1623
1624 # Norfolk
1625
1626 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23):
1627 # Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100:
1628 # https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text
1629 # ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015.
1630 # http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf
1631
1632 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23):
1633 # Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted
1634 # the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's
1635 # Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST
1636 # other than in 1974/5. See:
1637 # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html
1638
1639 # Pitcairn
1640
1641 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
1642 # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
1643 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows.
1644 #
1645 # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
1646 # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
1647 # as Pitcairn Standard Time.
1648 #
1649 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
1650 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
1651 # somehow in light of this proclamation.
1652
1653 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
1654 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
1655 # ... at midnight.
1656
1657 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
1658 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
1782 # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18):
1783 # For now, guess that DST is discontinued. That's what the IATA is guessing.
1784
1785
1786 # Wake
1787
1788 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
1789 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
1790 #
1791 # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the
1792 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
1793 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we
1794 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
1795 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
1796 # impossible.
1797 #
1798 # https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm
1799
1800 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1801 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
1802
1803 ###############################################################################
1804
1805 # The International Date Line
1806
1807 # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
1808 #
1809 # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
1810 # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
1811 # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
1812 # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.
1813 #
1814 # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and
1815 # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL
1816 # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most
1817 # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line
1818 # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
1819 # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
1820 # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is
1821 # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some
|
406 Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 -
407 Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 -
408 Rule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 -
409 Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=13 3:00 0 -
410 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
411 Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
412 12:00 Fiji +12/+13
413
414 # French Polynesia
415 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
416 Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
417 -9:00 - -09
418 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
419 -9:30 - -0930
420 Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
421 -10:00 - -10
422 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
423 # it is uninhabited.
424
425 # Guam
426
427 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
428 # http://guamlegislature.com/Public_Laws_5th/PL05-025.pdf
429 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-59-7-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time-May-6-1959.pdf
430 Rule Guam 1959 only - Jun 27 2:00 1:00 D
431 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-61-5-Revocation-of-Daylight-Saving-Time-and-Restoratio.pdf
432 Rule Guam 1961 only - Jan 29 2:00 0 S
433 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-67-13-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf
434 Rule Guam 1967 only - Sep 1 2:00 1:00 D
435 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-69-2-Repeal-of-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf
436 Rule Guam 1969 only - Jan 26 0:01 0 S
437 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-69-10-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf
438 Rule Guam 1969 only - Jun 22 2:00 1:00 D
439 Rule Guam 1969 only - Aug 31 2:00 0 S
440 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-70-10-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf
441 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-70-30-End-of-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf
442 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-71-5-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf
443 Rule Guam 1970 1971 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
444 Rule Guam 1970 1971 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
445 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-73-28.-Guam-Day-light-Saving-Time.pdf
446 Rule Guam 1973 only - Dec 16 2:00 1:00 D
447 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-74-7-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time-Rescinded.pdf
448 Rule Guam 1974 only - Feb 24 2:00 0 S
449 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-76-13-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf
450 Rule Guam 1976 only - May 26 2:00 1:00 D
451 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-76-25-Revocation-of-E.O.-76-13.pdf
452 Rule Guam 1976 only - Aug 22 2:01 0 S
453 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-77-4-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf
454 Rule Guam 1977 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 D
455 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-77-18-Guam-Standard-Time.pdf
456 Rule Guam 1977 only - Aug 28 2:00 0 S
457
458 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
459 Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
460 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
461 10:00 - GST 1941 Dec 10 # Guam
462 9:00 - +09 1944 Jul 31
463 10:00 Guam G%sT 2000 Dec 23
464 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
465 Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is
466
467 # Kiribati
468 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
469 Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
470 12:00 - +12
471 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
472 -12:00 - -12 1979 Oct
473 -11:00 - -11 1994 Dec 31
474 13:00 - +13
475 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
476 -10:40 - -1040 1979 Oct
477 -10:00 - -10 1994 Dec 31
478 14:00 - +14
479
480 # N Mariana Is
481 # See Pacific/Guam.
482
483 # Marshall Is
484 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
485 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
486 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct
487 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1
488 11:00 - +11 1937
489 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
490 9:00 - +09 1944 Jan 30
491 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
492 12:00 - +12
493 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
494 11:00 - +11 1937
495 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
496 9:00 - +09 1944 Feb 6
497 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
498 -12:00 - -12 1993 Aug 20 24:00
499 12:00 - +12
500
501 # Micronesia
502 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
503 Zone Pacific/Chuuk -13:52:52 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
504 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
505 10:00 - +10 1914 Oct
506 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1
507 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
508 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug
509 10:00 - +10
510 Zone Pacific/Pohnpei -13:27:08 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Kolonia
511 10:32:52 - LMT 1901
512 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct
513 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1
514 11:00 - +11 1937
515 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
516 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug
517 11:00 - +11
518 Zone Pacific/Kosrae -13:08:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
519 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
520 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct
521 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1
522 11:00 - +11 1937
523 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
524 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug
525 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
526 12:00 - +12 1999
527 11:00 - +11
528
529 # Nauru
530 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
531 Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
532 11:30 - +1130 1942 Aug 29
533 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 8
534 11:30 - +1130 1979 Feb 10 2:00
535 12:00 - +12
536
537 # New Caledonia
538 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
539 Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 -
540 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
541 Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 -
542 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
543 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
544 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
545 Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa
546 11:00 NC +11/+12
547
548
549 ###############################################################################
550
551 # New Zealand
552
553 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
554 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S
615
616
617 # Niue
618 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
619 Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
620 -11:20 - -1120 1951
621 -11:30 - -1130 1978 Oct 1
622 -11:00 - -11
623
624 # Norfolk
625 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
626 Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
627 11:12 - +1112 1951
628 11:30 - +1130 1974 Oct 27 02:00
629 11:30 1:00 +1230 1975 Mar 2 02:00
630 11:30 - +1130 2015 Oct 4 02:00
631 11:00 - +11
632
633 # Palau (Belau)
634 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
635 Zone Pacific/Palau -15:02:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Koror
636 8:57:56 - LMT 1901
637 9:00 - +09
638
639 # Papua New Guinea
640 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
641 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
642 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
643 10:00 - +10
644 #
645 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13):
646 # Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have
647 # the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War.
648 #
649 # Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates
650 # are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns.
651 # The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta.
652 # The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942,
653 # according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia
654 # https://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm
655 # and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender.
656 #
879 Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
880 Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 -
881 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
882 Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
883 11:00 Vanuatu +11/+12
884
885 # Wallis and Futuna
886 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
887 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
888 12:00 - +12
889
890 ###############################################################################
891
892 # NOTES
893
894 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
895 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
896 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
897 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
898
899 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
900 #
901 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
902 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
903 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
904 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
905 #
906 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
907 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport
908 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
909 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
910 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
911 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
912 #
913 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
914 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
915 # I found in the UCLA library.
916 #
917 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
918 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
919 # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
920 #
921 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
922 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
923 #
924 # I invented the abbreviation marked "*".
925 # The following abbreviations are from other sources.
926 # Corrections are welcome!
927 # std dst
928 # LMT Local Mean Time
929 # 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia
930 # 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia
931 # 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia
932 # 10:00 GST GDT* Guam through 2000
933 # 10:00 ChST Chamorro
934 # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
935 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
936 # -11:00 SST Samoa
937 # -10:00 HST Hawaii
938 #
939 # See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii.
940 # See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is.
941
942 ###############################################################################
943
944 # Australia
945
946 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
947 # Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting
948 # region against region, rural against urban, and local against global.
949 # For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving
950 # Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native
951 # Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was
952 # very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a
1611 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
1612 # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
1613
1614
1615 # Kiribati
1616
1617 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1618 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
1619 # "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995"
1620 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
1621
1622 # From Kerry Shetline (2018-02-03):
1623 # December 31 was the day that was skipped, so that the transition
1624 # would be from Friday December 30, 1994 to Sunday January 1, 1995.
1625 # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-04):
1626 # One source for this is page 202 of: Bartky IR. One Time Fits All:
1627 # The Campaigns for Global Uniformity (2007).
1628
1629 # Kwajalein
1630
1631 # From an AP article (1993-08-22):
1632 # "The nearly 3,000 Americans living on this remote Pacific atoll have a good
1633 # excuse for not remembering Saturday night: there wasn't one. Residents were
1634 # going to bed Friday night and waking up Sunday morning because at midnight
1635 # -- 8 A.M. Eastern daylight time on Saturday -- Kwajalein was jumping from
1636 # one side of the international date line to the other."
1637 # "In Marshall Islands, Friday is followed by Sunday", NY Times. 1993-08-22.
1638 # https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/22/world/in-marshall-islands-friday-is-followed-by-sunday.html
1639
1640 # From Phake Nick (2018-10-27):
1641 # <https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/南洋群島の標準時> ... pointed out that
1642 # currently tzdata say Pacific/Kwajalein switched from GMT+11 to GMT-12 in
1643 # 1969 October without explanation, however an 1993 article from NYT say it
1644 # synchorized its day with US mainland about 40 years ago and thus the switch
1645 # should occur at around 1950s instead.
1646 #
1647 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
1648 # The NYT (actually, AP) article is vague and possibly wrong about this.
1649 # The article says the earlier switch was "40 years ago when the United States
1650 # Army established a missile test range here". However, the Kwajalein Test
1651 # Center was established on 1960-10-01 and was run by the US Navy. It was
1652 # transferred to the US Army on 1964-07-01. See "Seize the High Ground"
1653 # <https://history.army.mil/html/books/070/70-88-1/cmhPub_70-88-1.pdf>.
1654 # Given that Shanks was right on the money about the 1993 change, I'm inclined
1655 # to take Shanks's word for the 1969 change unless we find better evidence.
1656
1657
1658 # N Mariana Is, Guam
1659
1660 # From Phake Nick (2018-10-27):
1661 # Guam Island was briefly annexed by Japan during ... year 1941-1944 ...
1662 # however there are no detailed information about what time it use during that
1663 # period. It would probably be reasonable to assume Guam use GMT+9 during
1664 # that period of time like the surrounding area.
1665
1666 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
1667 # Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
1668 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones
1669 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
1670 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
1671 # see Asia/Manila.
1672 #
1673 # Use 1941-12-10 and 1944-07-31 for Guam WWII transitions, as the rough start
1674 # and end of Japanese control of Agana. We don't know whether the Northern
1675 # Marianas followed Guam's DST rules from 1959 through 1977; for now, assume
1676 # they did as that avoids the need for a separate zone due to our 1970 cutoff.
1677 #
1678 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time,
1679 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation,
1680 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,
1681 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".
1682
1683 # See also the commentary for Micronesia.
1684
1685
1686 # Marshall Is
1687 # See the commentary for Micronesia.
1688
1689
1690 # Micronesia (and nearby)
1691
1692 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
1693 # Like the Ladrones (see Guam commentary), assume the Spanish East Indies
1694 # kept American time until the Philippines switched at the end of 1844.
1695
1696 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
1697 # "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk'
1698 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10."
1699 #
1700 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11
1701 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
1702
1703 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
1704 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
1705 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26)
1706 # http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html
1707 # that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11.
1708 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now.
1709
1710 # From Phake Nick (2018-10-27):
1711 #
1712 # From a Japanese wiki site https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/南洋群島の標準時
1713 # ...
1714 # For "Southern Islands" (modern region of Mariana + Palau + Federation of
1715 # Micronesia + Marshall Islands):
1716 #
1717 # A 1906 Japanese magazine shown the Caroline Islands and Mariana Islands
1718 # who was occupied by Germany at the time as GMT+10, together with the like
1719 # of German New Guinea. However there is a marking saying it have not been
1720 # implemented (yet). No further information after that were found.
1721 #
1722 # Japan invaded those islands in 1914, and records shows that they were
1723 # instructed to use JST at the time.
1724 #
1725 # 1915 January telecommunication record on the Jaluit Atoll shows they use
1726 # the meridian of 170E as standard time (GMT+11:20), which is similar to the
1727 # longitude of the atoll.
1728 # 1915 February record say the 170E standard time is to be used until
1729 # February 9 noon, and after February 9 noon they are to use JST.
1730 # However these are time used within the Japanese Military at the time and
1731 # probably does not reflect the time used by local resident at the time (that
1732 # is if they keep their own time back then)
1733 #
1734 # In January 1919 the occupying force issued a command that split the area
1735 # into three different timezone with meridian of 135E, 150E, 165E (JST+0, +1,
1736 # +2), and the command was to become effective from February 1 of the same
1737 # year. Despite the target of the command is still only for the occupying
1738 # force itself, further publication have described the time as the standard
1739 # time for the occupied area and thus it can probably be seen as such.
1740 # * Area that use meridian of 135E: Palau and Yap civil administration area
1741 # (Southern Islands Western Standard Time)
1742 # * Area that use meridian of 150E: Truk (Chuuk) and Saipan civil
1743 # administration area (Southern Islands Central Standard Time)
1744 # * Area that use meridian of 165E: Ponape (Pohnpei) and Jaluit civil
1745 # administration area (Southern Islands Eastern Standard Time).
1746 # * In the next few years Japanese occupation of those islands have been
1747 # formalized via League of Nation Mandate (South Pacific Mandate) and formal
1748 # governance structure have been established, these district [become
1749 # subprefectures] and timezone classification have been inherited as standard
1750 # time of the area.
1751 # * Saipan subprefecture include Mariana islands (exclude Guam which was
1752 # occupied by America at the time), Palau and Yap subprefecture rule the
1753 # Western Caroline Islands with 137E longitude as border, Truk and Ponape
1754 # subprefecture rule the Eastern Caroline Islands with 154E as border, Ponape
1755 # subprefecture also rule part of Marshall Islands to the west of 164E
1756 # starting from (1918?) and Jaluit subprefecture rule the rest of the
1757 # Marshall Islands.
1758 #
1759 # And then in year 1937, an announcement was made to change the time in the
1760 # area into 2 timezones:
1761 # * Area that use meridian of 135E: area administered by Palau, Yap and
1762 # Saipan subprefecture (Southern Islands Western Standard Time)
1763 # * Area that use meridian of 150E: area administered by Truk (Chuuk),
1764 # Ponape (Pohnpei) and Jaluit subprefecture (Southern Islands Eastern
1765 # Standard Time)
1766 #
1767 # Another announcement issued in 1941 say that on April 1 that year,
1768 # standard time of the Southern Islands would be changed to use the meridian
1769 # of 135E (GMT+9), and thus abolishing timezone different within the area.
1770 #
1771 # Then Pacific theater of WWII started and Japan slowly lose control on the
1772 # island. The webpage I linked above contain no information during this
1773 # period of time....
1774 #
1775 # After the end of WWII, in 1946 February, a document written by the
1776 # (former?) Japanese military personnel describe there are 3 hours time
1777 # different between Caroline islands time/Wake island time and the Chungking
1778 # time, which would mean the time being used there at the time was GMT+10.
1779 #
1780 # After that, the area become Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands
1781 # under American administration from year 1947. The site listed some
1782 # American/International books/maps/publications about time used in those
1783 # area during this period of time but they doesn't seems to be reliable
1784 # information so it would be the best if someone know where can more reliable
1785 # information can be found.
1786 #
1787 #
1788 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
1789 #
1790 # For the above, use vague dates like "1914" and "1945" for transitions that
1791 # plausibly exist but for which the details are not known. The information
1792 # for Wake is too sketchy to act on.
1793 #
1794 # The 1906 GMT+10 info about German-controlled islands might not have been
1795 # done, so omit it from the data for now.
1796 #
1797 # The Jaluit info governs Kwajalein.
1798
1799
1800 # Midway
1801
1802 # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),
1803 # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection
1804 # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31):
1805 # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight
1806 # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning,
1807 # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956
1808 # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to
1809 # air at 6am your time.
1810 #
1811 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1812 # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they
1813 # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years
1814 # in Midway, but we have no record of it.
1815
1816 # Nauru
1817
1818 # From Phake Nick (2018-10-31):
1819 # Currently, the tz database say Nauru use LMT until 1921, and then
1820 # switched to GMT+11:30 for the next two decades.
1821 # However, a number of timezone map published in America/Japan back then
1822 # showed its timezone as GMT+11 per https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/ナウルの標準時
1823 # And it would also be nice if the 1921 transition date could be sourced.
1824 # ...
1825 # The "Nauru Standard Time Act 1978 Time Change"
1826 # http://ronlaw.gov.nr/nauru_lpms/files/gazettes/4b23a17d2030150404db7a5fa5872f52.pdf#page=3
1827 # based on "Nauru Standard Time Act 1978 Time Change"
1828 # http://www.paclii.org/nr/legis/num_act/nsta1978207/ defined that "Nauru
1829 # Alternative Time" (GMT+12) should be in effect from 1979 Feb.
1830 #
1831 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-19):
1832 # The 1921-01-15 introduction of standard time is in Shanks; it is also in
1833 # "Standard Time Throughout the World", US National Bureau of Standards (1935),
1834 # page 3, which does not give the UT offset. In response to a comment by
1835 # Phake Nick I set the Nauru time of occupation by Japan to
1836 # 1942-08-29/1945-09-08 by using dates from:
1837 # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Nauru
1838
1839 # Norfolk
1840
1841 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23):
1842 # Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100:
1843 # https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text
1844 # ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015.
1845 # http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf
1846
1847 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23):
1848 # Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted
1849 # the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's
1850 # Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST
1851 # other than in 1974/5. See:
1852 # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html
1853
1854 # Palau
1855 # See commentary for Micronesia.
1856
1857 # Pitcairn
1858
1859 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
1860 # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
1861 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows.
1862 #
1863 # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
1864 # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
1865 # as Pitcairn Standard Time.
1866 #
1867 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
1868 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
1869 # somehow in light of this proclamation.
1870
1871 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
1872 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
1873 # ... at midnight.
1874
1875 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
1876 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
2000 # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18):
2001 # For now, guess that DST is discontinued. That's what the IATA is guessing.
2002
2003
2004 # Wake
2005
2006 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
2007 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
2008 #
2009 # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the
2010 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
2011 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we
2012 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
2013 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
2014 # impossible.
2015 #
2016 # https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm
2017
2018 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
2019 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
2020
2021 # See also the commentary for Micronesia.
2022
2023
2024 ###############################################################################
2025
2026 # The International Date Line
2027
2028 # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
2029 #
2030 # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
2031 # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
2032 # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
2033 # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.
2034 #
2035 # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and
2036 # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL
2037 # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most
2038 # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line
2039 # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
2040 # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
2041 # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is
2042 # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some
|