28 /**
29 * The class {@code Exception} and its subclasses are a form of
30 * {@code Throwable} that indicates conditions that a reasonable
31 * application might want to catch.
32 *
33 * <p>The class {@code Exception} and any subclasses that are not also
34 * subclasses of {@link RuntimeException} are <em>checked
35 * exceptions</em>. Checked exceptions need to be declared in a
36 * method or constructor's {@code throws} clause if they can be thrown
37 * by the execution of the method or constructor and propagate outside
38 * the method or constructor boundary.
39 *
40 * @author Frank Yellin
41 * @see java.lang.Error
42 * @jls 11.2 Compile-Time Checking of Exceptions
43 * @since 1.0
44 */
45 public class Exception extends Throwable {
46 static final long serialVersionUID = -3387516993124229948L;
47
48 /**
49 * Constructs a new exception with {@code null} as its detail message.
50 * The cause is not initialized, and may subsequently be initialized by a
51 * call to {@link #initCause}.
52 */
53 public Exception() {
54 super();
55 }
56
57 /**
58 * Constructs a new exception with the specified detail message. The
59 * cause is not initialized, and may subsequently be initialized by
60 * a call to {@link #initCause}.
61 *
62 * @param message the detail message. The detail message is saved for
63 * later retrieval by the {@link #getMessage()} method.
64 */
65 public Exception(String message) {
66 super(message);
67 }
68
69 /**
70 * Constructs a new exception with the specified detail message and
71 * cause. <p>Note that the detail message associated with
72 * {@code cause} is <i>not</i> automatically incorporated in
73 * this exception's detail message.
74 *
75 * @param message the detail message (which is saved for later retrieval
76 * by the {@link #getMessage()} method).
77 * @param cause the cause (which is saved for later retrieval by the
78 * {@link #getCause()} method). (A {@code null} value is
79 * permitted, and indicates that the cause is nonexistent or
80 * unknown.)
81 * @since 1.4
82 */
83 public Exception(String message, Throwable cause) {
84 super(message, cause);
85 }
86
87 /**
88 * Constructs a new exception with the specified cause and a detail
89 * message of {@code (cause==null ? null : cause.toString())} (which
90 * typically contains the class and detail message of {@code cause}).
91 * This constructor is useful for exceptions that are little more than
92 * wrappers for other throwables (for example, {@link
93 * java.security.PrivilegedActionException}).
94 *
95 * @param cause the cause (which is saved for later retrieval by the
96 * {@link #getCause()} method). (A {@code null} value is
97 * permitted, and indicates that the cause is nonexistent or
98 * unknown.)
99 * @since 1.4
100 */
101 public Exception(Throwable cause) {
102 super(cause);
103 }
104
105 /**
106 * Constructs a new exception with the specified detail message,
107 * cause, suppression enabled or disabled, and writable stack
108 * trace enabled or disabled.
109 *
110 * @param message the detail message.
111 * @param cause the cause. (A {@code null} value is permitted,
112 * and indicates that the cause is nonexistent or unknown.)
113 * @param enableSuppression whether or not suppression is enabled
114 * or disabled
115 * @param writableStackTrace whether or not the stack trace should
116 * be writable
117 * @since 1.7
118 */
119 protected Exception(String message, Throwable cause,
120 boolean enableSuppression,
121 boolean writableStackTrace) {
122 super(message, cause, enableSuppression, writableStackTrace);
123 }
124 }
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28 /**
29 * The class {@code Exception} and its subclasses are a form of
30 * {@code Throwable} that indicates conditions that a reasonable
31 * application might want to catch.
32 *
33 * <p>The class {@code Exception} and any subclasses that are not also
34 * subclasses of {@link RuntimeException} are <em>checked
35 * exceptions</em>. Checked exceptions need to be declared in a
36 * method or constructor's {@code throws} clause if they can be thrown
37 * by the execution of the method or constructor and propagate outside
38 * the method or constructor boundary.
39 *
40 * @author Frank Yellin
41 * @see java.lang.Error
42 * @jls 11.2 Compile-Time Checking of Exceptions
43 * @since 1.0
44 */
45 public class Exception extends Throwable {
46 static final long serialVersionUID = -3387516993124229948L;
47
48 private static String print(int x, String message) {
49 // System.err.println("" + x + ":: " + message);
50 return message;
51 }
52 private static Throwable print(int x, Throwable cause) {
53 // System.err.println("" + x + ":: " + (cause == null ? "nullc" : cause.getClass().getName() + " :: " + cause.getMessage()));
54 return cause;
55 }
56 /**
57 * Constructs a new exception with {@code null} as its detail message.
58 * The cause is not initialized, and may subsequently be initialized by a
59 * call to {@link #initCause}.
60 */
61 public Exception() {
62 super();
63 }
64
65 /**
66 * Constructs a new exception with the specified detail message. The
67 * cause is not initialized, and may subsequently be initialized by
68 * a call to {@link #initCause}.
69 *
70 * @param message the detail message. The detail message is saved for
71 * later retrieval by the {@link #getMessage()} method.
72 */
73 public Exception(String message) {
74 super(print(1, message));
75 }
76
77 /**
78 * Constructs a new exception with the specified detail message and
79 * cause. <p>Note that the detail message associated with
80 * {@code cause} is <i>not</i> automatically incorporated in
81 * this exception's detail message.
82 *
83 * @param message the detail message (which is saved for later retrieval
84 * by the {@link #getMessage()} method).
85 * @param cause the cause (which is saved for later retrieval by the
86 * {@link #getCause()} method). (A {@code null} value is
87 * permitted, and indicates that the cause is nonexistent or
88 * unknown.)
89 * @since 1.4
90 */
91 public Exception(String message, Throwable cause) {
92 super(print(2, message), print(2, cause));
93 }
94
95 /**
96 * Constructs a new exception with the specified cause and a detail
97 * message of {@code (cause==null ? null : cause.toString())} (which
98 * typically contains the class and detail message of {@code cause}).
99 * This constructor is useful for exceptions that are little more than
100 * wrappers for other throwables (for example, {@link
101 * java.security.PrivilegedActionException}).
102 *
103 * @param cause the cause (which is saved for later retrieval by the
104 * {@link #getCause()} method). (A {@code null} value is
105 * permitted, and indicates that the cause is nonexistent or
106 * unknown.)
107 * @since 1.4
108 */
109 public Exception(Throwable cause) {
110 super(print(3, cause));
111 }
112
113 /**
114 * Constructs a new exception with the specified detail message,
115 * cause, suppression enabled or disabled, and writable stack
116 * trace enabled or disabled.
117 *
118 * @param message the detail message.
119 * @param cause the cause. (A {@code null} value is permitted,
120 * and indicates that the cause is nonexistent or unknown.)
121 * @param enableSuppression whether or not suppression is enabled
122 * or disabled
123 * @param writableStackTrace whether or not the stack trace should
124 * be writable
125 * @since 1.7
126 */
127 protected Exception(String message, Throwable cause,
128 boolean enableSuppression,
129 boolean writableStackTrace) {
130 super(print(4, message), print(4, cause), enableSuppression, writableStackTrace);
131 }
132 }
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