1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "precompiled.hpp"
  26 #include "jvm.h"
  27 #include "classfile/javaClasses.inline.hpp"
  28 #include "classfile/moduleEntry.hpp"
  29 #include "classfile/packageEntry.hpp"
  30 #include "classfile/stringTable.hpp"
  31 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
  32 #include "classfile/verifier.hpp"
  33 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
  34 #include "interpreter/linkResolver.hpp"
  35 #include "logging/log.hpp"
  36 #include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"
  37 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
  38 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
  39 #include "oops/instanceKlass.hpp"
  40 #include "oops/objArrayKlass.hpp"
  41 #include "oops/objArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  42 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  43 #include "oops/valueKlass.hpp"
  44 #include "oops/typeArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  45 #include "prims/jvmtiExport.hpp"
  46 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
  47 #include "runtime/fieldDescriptor.inline.hpp"
  48 #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
  49 #include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"
  50 #include "runtime/reflection.hpp"
  51 #include "runtime/reflectionUtils.hpp"
  52 #include "runtime/signature.hpp"
  53 #include "runtime/thread.inline.hpp"
  54 #include "runtime/vframe.inline.hpp"
  55 #include "utilities/globalDefinitions.hpp"
  56 
  57 static void trace_class_resolution(const Klass* to_class) {
  58   ResourceMark rm;
  59   int line_number = -1;
  60   const char * source_file = NULL;
  61   Klass* caller = NULL;
  62   JavaThread* jthread = JavaThread::current();
  63   if (jthread->has_last_Java_frame()) {
  64     vframeStream vfst(jthread);
  65     // skip over any frames belonging to java.lang.Class
  66     while (!vfst.at_end() &&
  67            vfst.method()->method_holder()->name() == vmSymbols::java_lang_Class()) {
  68       vfst.next();
  69     }
  70     if (!vfst.at_end()) {
  71       // this frame is a likely suspect
  72       caller = vfst.method()->method_holder();
  73       line_number = vfst.method()->line_number_from_bci(vfst.bci());
  74       Symbol* s = vfst.method()->method_holder()->source_file_name();
  75       if (s != NULL) {
  76         source_file = s->as_C_string();
  77       }
  78     }
  79   }
  80   if (caller != NULL) {
  81     const char * from = caller->external_name();
  82     const char * to = to_class->external_name();
  83     // print in a single call to reduce interleaving between threads
  84     if (source_file != NULL) {
  85       log_debug(class, resolve)("%s %s %s:%d (reflection)", from, to, source_file, line_number);
  86     } else {
  87       log_debug(class, resolve)("%s %s (reflection)", from, to);
  88     }
  89   }
  90 }
  91 
  92 
  93 oop Reflection::box(jvalue* value, BasicType type, TRAPS) {
  94   if (type == T_VOID) {
  95     return NULL;
  96   }
  97   if (type == T_OBJECT || type == T_ARRAY || type == T_VALUETYPE) {
  98     // regular objects are not boxed
  99     return (oop) value->l;
 100   }
 101   oop result = java_lang_boxing_object::create(type, value, CHECK_NULL);
 102   if (result == NULL) {
 103     THROW_(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), result);
 104   }
 105   return result;
 106 }
 107 
 108 
 109 BasicType Reflection::unbox_for_primitive(oop box, jvalue* value, TRAPS) {
 110   if (box == NULL) {
 111     THROW_(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), T_ILLEGAL);
 112   }
 113   return java_lang_boxing_object::get_value(box, value);
 114 }
 115 
 116 BasicType Reflection::unbox_for_regular_object(oop box, jvalue* value) {
 117   // Note:  box is really the unboxed oop.  It might even be a Short, etc.!
 118   value->l = (jobject) box;
 119   return T_OBJECT;
 120 }
 121 
 122 
 123 void Reflection::widen(jvalue* value, BasicType current_type, BasicType wide_type, TRAPS) {
 124   assert(wide_type != current_type, "widen should not be called with identical types");
 125   switch (wide_type) {
 126     case T_BOOLEAN:
 127     case T_BYTE:
 128     case T_CHAR:
 129       break;  // fail
 130     case T_SHORT:
 131       switch (current_type) {
 132         case T_BYTE:
 133           value->s = (jshort) value->b;
 134           return;
 135         default:
 136           break;
 137       }
 138       break;  // fail
 139     case T_INT:
 140       switch (current_type) {
 141         case T_BYTE:
 142           value->i = (jint) value->b;
 143           return;
 144         case T_CHAR:
 145           value->i = (jint) value->c;
 146           return;
 147         case T_SHORT:
 148           value->i = (jint) value->s;
 149           return;
 150         default:
 151           break;
 152       }
 153       break;  // fail
 154     case T_LONG:
 155       switch (current_type) {
 156         case T_BYTE:
 157           value->j = (jlong) value->b;
 158           return;
 159         case T_CHAR:
 160           value->j = (jlong) value->c;
 161           return;
 162         case T_SHORT:
 163           value->j = (jlong) value->s;
 164           return;
 165         case T_INT:
 166           value->j = (jlong) value->i;
 167           return;
 168         default:
 169           break;
 170       }
 171       break;  // fail
 172     case T_FLOAT:
 173       switch (current_type) {
 174         case T_BYTE:
 175           value->f = (jfloat) value->b;
 176           return;
 177         case T_CHAR:
 178           value->f = (jfloat) value->c;
 179           return;
 180         case T_SHORT:
 181           value->f = (jfloat) value->s;
 182           return;
 183         case T_INT:
 184           value->f = (jfloat) value->i;
 185           return;
 186         case T_LONG:
 187           value->f = (jfloat) value->j;
 188           return;
 189         default:
 190           break;
 191       }
 192       break;  // fail
 193     case T_DOUBLE:
 194       switch (current_type) {
 195         case T_BYTE:
 196           value->d = (jdouble) value->b;
 197           return;
 198         case T_CHAR:
 199           value->d = (jdouble) value->c;
 200           return;
 201         case T_SHORT:
 202           value->d = (jdouble) value->s;
 203           return;
 204         case T_INT:
 205           value->d = (jdouble) value->i;
 206           return;
 207         case T_FLOAT:
 208           value->d = (jdouble) value->f;
 209           return;
 210         case T_LONG:
 211           value->d = (jdouble) value->j;
 212           return;
 213         default:
 214           break;
 215       }
 216       break;  // fail
 217     default:
 218       break;  // fail
 219   }
 220   THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), "argument type mismatch");
 221 }
 222 
 223 
 224 BasicType Reflection::array_get(jvalue* value, arrayOop a, int index, TRAPS) {
 225   if (!a->is_within_bounds(index)) {
 226     THROW_(vmSymbols::java_lang_ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(), T_ILLEGAL);
 227   }
 228   if (a->is_objArray()) {
 229     value->l = (jobject) objArrayOop(a)->obj_at(index);
 230     return T_OBJECT;
 231   } else {
 232     assert(a->is_typeArray(), "just checking");
 233     BasicType type = TypeArrayKlass::cast(a->klass())->element_type();
 234     switch (type) {
 235       case T_BOOLEAN:
 236         value->z = typeArrayOop(a)->bool_at(index);
 237         break;
 238       case T_CHAR:
 239         value->c = typeArrayOop(a)->char_at(index);
 240         break;
 241       case T_FLOAT:
 242         value->f = typeArrayOop(a)->float_at(index);
 243         break;
 244       case T_DOUBLE:
 245         value->d = typeArrayOop(a)->double_at(index);
 246         break;
 247       case T_BYTE:
 248         value->b = typeArrayOop(a)->byte_at(index);
 249         break;
 250       case T_SHORT:
 251         value->s = typeArrayOop(a)->short_at(index);
 252         break;
 253       case T_INT:
 254         value->i = typeArrayOop(a)->int_at(index);
 255         break;
 256       case T_LONG:
 257         value->j = typeArrayOop(a)->long_at(index);
 258         break;
 259       default:
 260         return T_ILLEGAL;
 261     }
 262     return type;
 263   }
 264 }
 265 
 266 
 267 void Reflection::array_set(jvalue* value, arrayOop a, int index, BasicType value_type, TRAPS) {
 268   if (!a->is_within_bounds(index)) {
 269     THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException());
 270   }
 271   if (a->is_objArray()) {
 272     if (value_type == T_OBJECT) {
 273       oop obj = (oop) value->l;
 274       if (obj != NULL) {
 275         Klass* element_klass = ObjArrayKlass::cast(a->klass())->element_klass();
 276         if (!obj->is_a(element_klass)) {
 277           THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), "array element type mismatch");
 278         }
 279       }
 280       objArrayOop(a)->obj_at_put(index, obj);
 281     }
 282   } else {
 283     assert(a->is_typeArray(), "just checking");
 284     BasicType array_type = TypeArrayKlass::cast(a->klass())->element_type();
 285     if (array_type != value_type) {
 286       // The widen operation can potentially throw an exception, but cannot block,
 287       // so typeArrayOop a is safe if the call succeeds.
 288       widen(value, value_type, array_type, CHECK);
 289     }
 290     switch (array_type) {
 291       case T_BOOLEAN:
 292         typeArrayOop(a)->bool_at_put(index, value->z);
 293         break;
 294       case T_CHAR:
 295         typeArrayOop(a)->char_at_put(index, value->c);
 296         break;
 297       case T_FLOAT:
 298         typeArrayOop(a)->float_at_put(index, value->f);
 299         break;
 300       case T_DOUBLE:
 301         typeArrayOop(a)->double_at_put(index, value->d);
 302         break;
 303       case T_BYTE:
 304         typeArrayOop(a)->byte_at_put(index, value->b);
 305         break;
 306       case T_SHORT:
 307         typeArrayOop(a)->short_at_put(index, value->s);
 308         break;
 309       case T_INT:
 310         typeArrayOop(a)->int_at_put(index, value->i);
 311         break;
 312       case T_LONG:
 313         typeArrayOop(a)->long_at_put(index, value->j);
 314         break;
 315       default:
 316         THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException());
 317     }
 318   }
 319 }
 320 
 321 static Klass* basic_type_mirror_to_arrayklass(oop basic_type_mirror, TRAPS) {
 322   assert(java_lang_Class::is_primitive(basic_type_mirror), "just checking");
 323   BasicType type = java_lang_Class::primitive_type(basic_type_mirror);
 324   if (type == T_VOID) {
 325     THROW_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException());
 326   }
 327   else {
 328     return Universe::typeArrayKlassObj(type);
 329   }
 330 }
 331 
 332 arrayOop Reflection::reflect_new_array(oop element_mirror, jint length, TRAPS) {
 333   if (element_mirror == NULL) {
 334     THROW_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException());
 335   }
 336   if (length < 0) {
 337     THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_NegativeArraySizeException(), err_msg("%d", length));
 338   }
 339   if (java_lang_Class::is_primitive(element_mirror)) {
 340     Klass* tak = basic_type_mirror_to_arrayklass(element_mirror, CHECK_NULL);
 341     return TypeArrayKlass::cast(tak)->allocate(length, THREAD);
 342   } else {
 343     Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(element_mirror);
 344     if (k->is_array_klass() && ArrayKlass::cast(k)->dimension() >= MAX_DIM) {
 345       THROW_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException());
 346     }
 347     if (java_lang_Class::is_nullable_type(element_mirror)) {
 348       return oopFactory::new_objArray(k, length, THREAD);
 349     } else {
 350       return oopFactory::new_valueArray(k, length, THREAD);
 351     }
 352   }
 353 }
 354 
 355 
 356 arrayOop Reflection::reflect_new_multi_array(oop element_mirror, typeArrayOop dim_array, TRAPS) {
 357   assert(dim_array->is_typeArray(), "just checking");
 358   assert(TypeArrayKlass::cast(dim_array->klass())->element_type() == T_INT, "just checking");
 359 
 360   if (element_mirror == NULL) {
 361     THROW_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException());
 362   }
 363 
 364   int len = dim_array->length();
 365   if (len <= 0 || len > MAX_DIM) {
 366     THROW_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException());
 367   }
 368 
 369   jint dimensions[MAX_DIM];   // C array copy of intArrayOop
 370   for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
 371     int d = dim_array->int_at(i);
 372     if (d < 0) {
 373       THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_NegativeArraySizeException(), err_msg("%d", d));
 374     }
 375     dimensions[i] = d;
 376   }
 377 
 378   Klass* klass;
 379   int dim = len;
 380   if (java_lang_Class::is_primitive(element_mirror)) {
 381     klass = basic_type_mirror_to_arrayklass(element_mirror, CHECK_NULL);
 382   } else {
 383     klass = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(element_mirror);
 384     if (klass->is_array_klass()) {
 385       int k_dim = ArrayKlass::cast(klass)->dimension();
 386       if (k_dim + len > MAX_DIM) {
 387         THROW_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException());
 388       }
 389       dim += k_dim;
 390     }
 391   }
 392   ArrayStorageProperties storage_props = FieldType::get_array_storage_properties(klass->name());
 393   klass = klass->array_klass(storage_props, dim, CHECK_NULL);
 394   oop obj = ArrayKlass::cast(klass)->multi_allocate(len, dimensions, CHECK_NULL);
 395   assert(obj->is_array(), "just checking");
 396   return arrayOop(obj);
 397 }
 398 
 399 
 400 static bool under_unsafe_anonymous_host(const InstanceKlass* ik, const InstanceKlass* unsafe_anonymous_host) {
 401   DEBUG_ONLY(int inf_loop_check = 1000 * 1000 * 1000);
 402   for (;;) {
 403     const InstanceKlass* hc = ik->unsafe_anonymous_host();
 404     if (hc == NULL)        return false;
 405     if (hc == unsafe_anonymous_host)  return true;
 406     ik = hc;
 407 
 408     // There's no way to make a host class loop short of patching memory.
 409     // Therefore there cannot be a loop here unless there's another bug.
 410     // Still, let's check for it.
 411     assert(--inf_loop_check > 0, "no unsafe_anonymous_host loop");
 412   }
 413 }
 414 
 415 static bool can_relax_access_check_for(const Klass* accessor,
 416                                        const Klass* accessee,
 417                                        bool classloader_only) {
 418 
 419   const InstanceKlass* accessor_ik = InstanceKlass::cast(accessor);
 420   const InstanceKlass* accessee_ik = InstanceKlass::cast(accessee);
 421 
 422   // If either is on the other's unsafe_anonymous_host chain, access is OK,
 423   // because one is inside the other.
 424   if (under_unsafe_anonymous_host(accessor_ik, accessee_ik) ||
 425     under_unsafe_anonymous_host(accessee_ik, accessor_ik))
 426     return true;
 427 
 428   if (RelaxAccessControlCheck &&
 429     accessor_ik->major_version() < Verifier::NO_RELAX_ACCESS_CTRL_CHECK_VERSION &&
 430     accessee_ik->major_version() < Verifier::NO_RELAX_ACCESS_CTRL_CHECK_VERSION) {
 431     return classloader_only &&
 432       Verifier::relax_access_for(accessor_ik->class_loader()) &&
 433       accessor_ik->protection_domain() == accessee_ik->protection_domain() &&
 434       accessor_ik->class_loader() == accessee_ik->class_loader();
 435   }
 436 
 437   return false;
 438 }
 439 
 440 /*
 441     Type Accessibility check for public types: Callee Type T is accessible to Caller Type S if:
 442 
 443                         Callee T in             Callee T in package PT,
 444                         unnamed module          runtime module MT
 445  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 446 
 447  Caller S in package     If MS is loose: YES      If same classloader/package (PS == PT): YES
 448  PS, runtime module MS   If MS can read T's       If same runtime module: (MS == MT): YES
 449                          unnamed module: YES
 450                                                   Else if (MS can read MT (establish readability) &&
 451                                                     ((MT exports PT to MS or to all modules) ||
 452                                                      (MT is open))): YES
 453 
 454  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 455  Caller S in unnamed         YES                  Readability exists because unnamed module
 456  module UM                                            "reads" all modules
 457                                                   if (MT exports PT to UM or to all modules): YES
 458 
 459  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 460 
 461  Note: a loose module is a module that can read all current and future unnamed modules.
 462 */
 463 Reflection::VerifyClassAccessResults Reflection::verify_class_access(
 464   const Klass* current_class, const InstanceKlass* new_class, bool classloader_only) {
 465 
 466   // Verify that current_class can access new_class.  If the classloader_only
 467   // flag is set, we automatically allow any accesses in which current_class
 468   // doesn't have a classloader.
 469   if ((current_class == NULL) ||
 470       (current_class == new_class) ||
 471       is_same_class_package(current_class, new_class)) {
 472     return ACCESS_OK;
 473   }
 474   // Allow all accesses from jdk/internal/reflect/MagicAccessorImpl subclasses to
 475   // succeed trivially.
 476   if (SystemDictionary::reflect_MagicAccessorImpl_klass_is_loaded() &&
 477       current_class->is_subclass_of(SystemDictionary::reflect_MagicAccessorImpl_klass())) {
 478     return ACCESS_OK;
 479   }
 480 
 481   // module boundaries
 482   if (new_class->is_public()) {
 483     // Ignore modules for DumpSharedSpaces because we do not have any package
 484     // or module information for modules other than java.base.
 485     if (DumpSharedSpaces) {
 486       return ACCESS_OK;
 487     }
 488 
 489     // Find the module entry for current_class, the accessor
 490     ModuleEntry* module_from = current_class->module();
 491     // Find the module entry for new_class, the accessee
 492     ModuleEntry* module_to = new_class->module();
 493 
 494     // both in same (possibly unnamed) module
 495     if (module_from == module_to) {
 496       return ACCESS_OK;
 497     }
 498 
 499     // Acceptable access to a type in an unnamed module. Note that since
 500     // unnamed modules can read all unnamed modules, this also handles the
 501     // case where module_from is also unnamed but in a different class loader.
 502     if (!module_to->is_named() &&
 503         (module_from->can_read_all_unnamed() || module_from->can_read(module_to))) {
 504       return ACCESS_OK;
 505     }
 506 
 507     // Establish readability, check if module_from is allowed to read module_to.
 508     if (!module_from->can_read(module_to)) {
 509       return MODULE_NOT_READABLE;
 510     }
 511 
 512     // Access is allowed if module_to is open, i.e. all its packages are unqualifiedly exported
 513     if (module_to->is_open()) {
 514       return ACCESS_OK;
 515     }
 516 
 517     PackageEntry* package_to = new_class->package();
 518     assert(package_to != NULL, "can not obtain new_class' package");
 519 
 520     {
 521       MutexLocker m1(Module_lock);
 522 
 523       // Once readability is established, if module_to exports T unqualifiedly,
 524       // (to all modules), than whether module_from is in the unnamed module
 525       // or not does not matter, access is allowed.
 526       if (package_to->is_unqual_exported()) {
 527         return ACCESS_OK;
 528       }
 529 
 530       // Access is allowed if both 1 & 2 hold:
 531       //   1. Readability, module_from can read module_to (established above).
 532       //   2. Either module_to exports T to module_from qualifiedly.
 533       //      or
 534       //      module_to exports T to all unnamed modules and module_from is unnamed.
 535       //      or
 536       //      module_to exports T unqualifiedly to all modules (checked above).
 537       if (!package_to->is_qexported_to(module_from)) {
 538         return TYPE_NOT_EXPORTED;
 539       }
 540     }
 541     return ACCESS_OK;
 542   }
 543 
 544   if (can_relax_access_check_for(current_class, new_class, classloader_only)) {
 545     return ACCESS_OK;
 546   }
 547   return OTHER_PROBLEM;
 548 }
 549 
 550 // Return an error message specific to the specified Klass*'s and result.
 551 // This function must be called from within a block containing a ResourceMark.
 552 char* Reflection::verify_class_access_msg(const Klass* current_class,
 553                                           const InstanceKlass* new_class,
 554                                           const VerifyClassAccessResults result) {
 555   assert(result != ACCESS_OK, "must be failure result");
 556   char * msg = NULL;
 557   if (result != OTHER_PROBLEM && new_class != NULL && current_class != NULL) {
 558     // Find the module entry for current_class, the accessor
 559     ModuleEntry* module_from = current_class->module();
 560     const char * module_from_name = module_from->is_named() ? module_from->name()->as_C_string() : UNNAMED_MODULE;
 561     const char * current_class_name = current_class->external_name();
 562 
 563     // Find the module entry for new_class, the accessee
 564     ModuleEntry* module_to = NULL;
 565     module_to = new_class->module();
 566     const char * module_to_name = module_to->is_named() ? module_to->name()->as_C_string() : UNNAMED_MODULE;
 567     const char * new_class_name = new_class->external_name();
 568 
 569     if (result == MODULE_NOT_READABLE) {
 570       assert(module_from->is_named(), "Unnamed modules can read all modules");
 571       if (module_to->is_named()) {
 572         size_t len = 100 + strlen(current_class_name) + 2*strlen(module_from_name) +
 573           strlen(new_class_name) + 2*strlen(module_to_name);
 574         msg = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(char, len);
 575         jio_snprintf(msg, len - 1,
 576           "class %s (in module %s) cannot access class %s (in module %s) because module %s does not read module %s",
 577           current_class_name, module_from_name, new_class_name,
 578           module_to_name, module_from_name, module_to_name);
 579       } else {
 580         oop jlm = module_to->module();
 581         assert(jlm != NULL, "Null jlm in module_to ModuleEntry");
 582         intptr_t identity_hash = jlm->identity_hash();
 583         size_t len = 160 + strlen(current_class_name) + 2*strlen(module_from_name) +
 584           strlen(new_class_name) + 2*sizeof(uintx);
 585         msg = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(char, len);
 586         jio_snprintf(msg, len - 1,
 587           "class %s (in module %s) cannot access class %s (in unnamed module @" SIZE_FORMAT_HEX ") because module %s does not read unnamed module @" SIZE_FORMAT_HEX,
 588           current_class_name, module_from_name, new_class_name, uintx(identity_hash),
 589           module_from_name, uintx(identity_hash));
 590       }
 591 
 592     } else if (result == TYPE_NOT_EXPORTED) {
 593       assert(new_class->package() != NULL,
 594              "Unnamed packages are always exported");
 595       const char * package_name =
 596         new_class->package()->name()->as_klass_external_name();
 597       assert(module_to->is_named(), "Unnamed modules export all packages");
 598       if (module_from->is_named()) {
 599         size_t len = 118 + strlen(current_class_name) + 2*strlen(module_from_name) +
 600           strlen(new_class_name) + 2*strlen(module_to_name) + strlen(package_name);
 601         msg = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(char, len);
 602         jio_snprintf(msg, len - 1,
 603           "class %s (in module %s) cannot access class %s (in module %s) because module %s does not export %s to module %s",
 604           current_class_name, module_from_name, new_class_name,
 605           module_to_name, module_to_name, package_name, module_from_name);
 606       } else {
 607         oop jlm = module_from->module();
 608         assert(jlm != NULL, "Null jlm in module_from ModuleEntry");
 609         intptr_t identity_hash = jlm->identity_hash();
 610         size_t len = 170 + strlen(current_class_name) + strlen(new_class_name) +
 611           2*strlen(module_to_name) + strlen(package_name) + 2*sizeof(uintx);
 612         msg = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(char, len);
 613         jio_snprintf(msg, len - 1,
 614           "class %s (in unnamed module @" SIZE_FORMAT_HEX ") cannot access class %s (in module %s) because module %s does not export %s to unnamed module @" SIZE_FORMAT_HEX,
 615           current_class_name, uintx(identity_hash), new_class_name, module_to_name,
 616           module_to_name, package_name, uintx(identity_hash));
 617       }
 618     } else {
 619         ShouldNotReachHere();
 620     }
 621   }  // result != OTHER_PROBLEM...
 622   return msg;
 623 }
 624 
 625 bool Reflection::verify_member_access(const Klass* current_class,
 626                                       const Klass* resolved_class,
 627                                       const Klass* member_class,
 628                                       AccessFlags access,
 629                                       bool classloader_only,
 630                                       bool protected_restriction,
 631                                       TRAPS) {
 632   // Verify that current_class can access a member of member_class, where that
 633   // field's access bits are "access".  We assume that we've already verified
 634   // that current_class can access member_class.
 635   //
 636   // If the classloader_only flag is set, we automatically allow any accesses
 637   // in which current_class doesn't have a classloader.
 638   //
 639   // "resolved_class" is the runtime type of "member_class". Sometimes we don't
 640   // need this distinction (e.g. if all we have is the runtime type, or during
 641   // class file parsing when we only care about the static type); in that case
 642   // callers should ensure that resolved_class == member_class.
 643   //
 644   if ((current_class == NULL) ||
 645       (current_class == member_class) ||
 646       access.is_public()) {
 647     return true;
 648   }
 649 
 650   const Klass* host_class = current_class;
 651   if (current_class->is_instance_klass() &&
 652       InstanceKlass::cast(current_class)->is_unsafe_anonymous()) {
 653     host_class = InstanceKlass::cast(current_class)->unsafe_anonymous_host();
 654     assert(host_class != NULL, "Unsafe anonymous class has null host class");
 655     assert(!(host_class->is_instance_klass() &&
 656            InstanceKlass::cast(host_class)->is_unsafe_anonymous()),
 657            "unsafe_anonymous_host should not be unsafe anonymous itself");
 658   }
 659   if (host_class == member_class) {
 660     return true;
 661   }
 662 
 663   if (access.is_protected()) {
 664     if (!protected_restriction) {
 665       // See if current_class (or outermost host class) is a subclass of member_class
 666       // An interface may not access protected members of j.l.Object
 667       if (!host_class->is_interface() && host_class->is_subclass_of(member_class)) {
 668         if (access.is_static() || // static fields are ok, see 6622385
 669             current_class == resolved_class ||
 670             member_class == resolved_class ||
 671             host_class->is_subclass_of(resolved_class) ||
 672             resolved_class->is_subclass_of(host_class)) {
 673           return true;
 674         }
 675       }
 676     }
 677   }
 678 
 679   // package access
 680   if (!access.is_private() && is_same_class_package(current_class, member_class)) {
 681     return true;
 682   }
 683 
 684   // private access between different classes needs a nestmate check, but
 685   // not for unsafe anonymous classes - so check host_class
 686   if (access.is_private() && host_class == current_class) {
 687     if (current_class->is_instance_klass() && member_class->is_instance_klass() ) {
 688       InstanceKlass* cur_ik = const_cast<InstanceKlass*>(InstanceKlass::cast(current_class));
 689       InstanceKlass* field_ik = const_cast<InstanceKlass*>(InstanceKlass::cast(member_class));
 690       // Nestmate access checks may require resolution and validation of the nest-host.
 691       // It is up to the caller to check for pending exceptions and handle appropriately.
 692       bool access = cur_ik->has_nestmate_access_to(field_ik, CHECK_false);
 693       if (access) {
 694         guarantee(resolved_class->is_subclass_of(member_class), "must be!");
 695         return true;
 696       }
 697     }
 698   }
 699 
 700   // Allow all accesses from jdk/internal/reflect/MagicAccessorImpl subclasses to
 701   // succeed trivially.
 702   if (current_class->is_subclass_of(SystemDictionary::reflect_MagicAccessorImpl_klass())) {
 703     return true;
 704   }
 705 
 706   // Check for special relaxations
 707   return can_relax_access_check_for(current_class, member_class, classloader_only);
 708 }
 709 
 710 bool Reflection::is_same_class_package(const Klass* class1, const Klass* class2) {
 711   return InstanceKlass::cast(class1)->is_same_class_package(class2);
 712 }
 713 
 714 // Checks that the 'outer' klass has declared 'inner' as being an inner klass. If not,
 715 // throw an incompatible class change exception
 716 // If inner_is_member, require the inner to be a member of the outer.
 717 // If !inner_is_member, require the inner to be unsafe anonymous (a non-member).
 718 // Caller is responsible for figuring out in advance which case must be true.
 719 void Reflection::check_for_inner_class(const InstanceKlass* outer, const InstanceKlass* inner,
 720                                        bool inner_is_member, TRAPS) {
 721   InnerClassesIterator iter(outer);
 722   constantPoolHandle cp   (THREAD, outer->constants());
 723   for (; !iter.done(); iter.next()) {
 724     int ioff = iter.inner_class_info_index();
 725     int ooff = iter.outer_class_info_index();
 726 
 727     if (inner_is_member && ioff != 0 && ooff != 0) {
 728       if (cp->klass_name_at_matches(outer, ooff) &&
 729           cp->klass_name_at_matches(inner, ioff)) {
 730         Klass* o = cp->klass_at(ooff, CHECK);
 731         if (o == outer) {
 732           Klass* i = cp->klass_at(ioff, CHECK);
 733           if (i == inner) {
 734             return;
 735           }
 736         }
 737       }
 738     }
 739 
 740     if (!inner_is_member && ioff != 0 && ooff == 0 &&
 741         cp->klass_name_at_matches(inner, ioff)) {
 742       Klass* i = cp->klass_at(ioff, CHECK);
 743       if (i == inner) {
 744         return;
 745       }
 746     }
 747   }
 748 
 749   // 'inner' not declared as an inner klass in outer
 750   ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
 751   Exceptions::fthrow(
 752     THREAD_AND_LOCATION,
 753     vmSymbols::java_lang_IncompatibleClassChangeError(),
 754     "%s and %s disagree on InnerClasses attribute",
 755     outer->external_name(),
 756     inner->external_name()
 757   );
 758 }
 759 
 760 // Returns Q-mirror if qtype_if_value is true and k is a ValueKlass;
 761 // otherwise returns java_mirror or L-mirror for ValueKlass
 762 static oop java_mirror(Klass* k, jboolean qtype_if_value) {
 763   if (k->is_value()) {
 764     ValueKlass* vk = ValueKlass::cast(InstanceKlass::cast(k));
 765     return qtype_if_value ? vk->value_mirror() : vk->nullable_mirror();
 766   } else {
 767     return k->java_mirror();
 768   }
 769 }
 770 
 771 // Utility method converting a single SignatureStream element into java.lang.Class instance
 772 static oop get_mirror_from_signature(const methodHandle& method,
 773                                      SignatureStream* ss,
 774                                      TRAPS) {
 775 
 776   BasicType bt = ss->type();
 777   if (T_OBJECT == bt || T_ARRAY == bt || T_VALUETYPE == bt) {
 778     Symbol* name = ss->as_symbol(CHECK_NULL);
 779     oop loader = method->method_holder()->class_loader();
 780     oop protection_domain = method->method_holder()->protection_domain();
 781     const Klass* k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(name,
 782                                                        Handle(THREAD, loader),
 783                                                        Handle(THREAD, protection_domain),
 784                                                        true,
 785                                                        CHECK_NULL);
 786     if (log_is_enabled(Debug, class, resolve)) {
 787       trace_class_resolution(k);
 788     }
 789     return java_mirror((Klass*)k, bt == T_VALUETYPE);
 790   }
 791 
 792   assert(bt != T_VOID || ss->at_return_type(),
 793     "T_VOID should only appear as return type");
 794 
 795   return java_lang_Class::primitive_mirror(bt);
 796 }
 797 
 798 static objArrayHandle get_parameter_types(const methodHandle& method,
 799                                           int parameter_count,
 800                                           oop* return_type,
 801                                           TRAPS) {
 802   // Allocate array holding parameter types (java.lang.Class instances)
 803   objArrayOop m = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Class_klass(), parameter_count, CHECK_(objArrayHandle()));
 804   objArrayHandle mirrors(THREAD, m);
 805   int index = 0;
 806   // Collect parameter types
 807   ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
 808   Symbol*  signature = method->signature();
 809   SignatureStream ss(signature);
 810   while (!ss.at_return_type()) {
 811     oop mirror = get_mirror_from_signature(method, &ss, CHECK_(objArrayHandle()));
 812     mirrors->obj_at_put(index++, mirror);
 813     ss.next();
 814   }
 815   assert(index == parameter_count, "invalid parameter count");
 816   if (return_type != NULL) {
 817     // Collect return type as well
 818     assert(ss.at_return_type(), "return type should be present");
 819     *return_type = get_mirror_from_signature(method, &ss, CHECK_(objArrayHandle()));
 820   }
 821   return mirrors;
 822 }
 823 
 824 static objArrayHandle get_exception_types(const methodHandle& method, TRAPS) {
 825   return method->resolved_checked_exceptions(THREAD);
 826 }
 827 
 828 static Handle new_type(Symbol* signature, Klass* k, TRAPS) {
 829   // Basic types
 830   BasicType type = vmSymbols::signature_type(signature);
 831   if (type != T_OBJECT && type != T_VALUETYPE) {
 832     return Handle(THREAD, Universe::java_mirror(type));
 833   }
 834 
 835   Klass* result =
 836     SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(signature,
 837                                       Handle(THREAD, k->class_loader()),
 838                                       Handle(THREAD, k->protection_domain()),
 839                                       true, CHECK_(Handle()));
 840 
 841   if (log_is_enabled(Debug, class, resolve)) {
 842     trace_class_resolution(result);
 843   }
 844   oop nt = java_mirror(result, type == T_VALUETYPE);
 845   return Handle(THREAD, nt);
 846 }
 847 
 848 
 849 oop Reflection::new_method(const methodHandle& method, bool for_constant_pool_access, TRAPS) {
 850   // Allow sun.reflect.ConstantPool to refer to <clinit> methods as java.lang.reflect.Methods.
 851   assert(!method()->name()->starts_with('<') || for_constant_pool_access,
 852          "should call new_constructor instead");
 853   InstanceKlass* holder = method->method_holder();
 854   int slot = method->method_idnum();
 855 
 856   Symbol*  signature  = method->signature();
 857   int parameter_count = ArgumentCount(signature).size();
 858   oop return_type_oop = NULL;
 859   objArrayHandle parameter_types = get_parameter_types(method, parameter_count, &return_type_oop, CHECK_NULL);
 860   if (parameter_types.is_null() || return_type_oop == NULL) return NULL;
 861 
 862   Handle return_type(THREAD, return_type_oop);
 863 
 864   objArrayHandle exception_types = get_exception_types(method, CHECK_NULL);
 865 
 866   if (exception_types.is_null()) return NULL;
 867 
 868   Symbol*  method_name = method->name();
 869   oop name_oop = StringTable::intern(method_name, CHECK_NULL);
 870   Handle name = Handle(THREAD, name_oop);
 871   if (name == NULL) return NULL;
 872 
 873   const int modifiers = method->access_flags().as_int() & JVM_RECOGNIZED_METHOD_MODIFIERS;
 874 
 875   Handle mh = java_lang_reflect_Method::create(CHECK_NULL);
 876 
 877   java_lang_reflect_Method::set_clazz(mh(), holder->java_mirror());
 878   java_lang_reflect_Method::set_slot(mh(), slot);
 879   java_lang_reflect_Method::set_name(mh(), name());
 880   java_lang_reflect_Method::set_return_type(mh(), return_type());
 881   java_lang_reflect_Method::set_parameter_types(mh(), parameter_types());
 882   java_lang_reflect_Method::set_exception_types(mh(), exception_types());
 883   java_lang_reflect_Method::set_modifiers(mh(), modifiers);
 884   java_lang_reflect_Method::set_override(mh(), false);
 885   if (method->generic_signature() != NULL) {
 886     Symbol*  gs = method->generic_signature();
 887     Handle sig = java_lang_String::create_from_symbol(gs, CHECK_NULL);
 888     java_lang_reflect_Method::set_signature(mh(), sig());
 889   }
 890   typeArrayOop an_oop = Annotations::make_java_array(method->annotations(), CHECK_NULL);
 891   java_lang_reflect_Method::set_annotations(mh(), an_oop);
 892   an_oop = Annotations::make_java_array(method->parameter_annotations(), CHECK_NULL);
 893   java_lang_reflect_Method::set_parameter_annotations(mh(), an_oop);
 894   an_oop = Annotations::make_java_array(method->annotation_default(), CHECK_NULL);
 895   java_lang_reflect_Method::set_annotation_default(mh(), an_oop);
 896   return mh();
 897 }
 898 
 899 
 900 oop Reflection::new_constructor(const methodHandle& method, TRAPS) {
 901   assert(method()->is_object_constructor() ||
 902          method()->is_static_init_factory(),
 903          "should call new_method instead");
 904 
 905   InstanceKlass* holder = method->method_holder();
 906   int slot = method->method_idnum();
 907 
 908   Symbol*  signature  = method->signature();
 909   int parameter_count = ArgumentCount(signature).size();
 910   objArrayHandle parameter_types = get_parameter_types(method, parameter_count, NULL, CHECK_NULL);
 911   if (parameter_types.is_null()) return NULL;
 912 
 913   objArrayHandle exception_types = get_exception_types(method, CHECK_NULL);
 914   if (exception_types.is_null()) return NULL;
 915 
 916   const int modifiers = method->access_flags().as_int() & JVM_RECOGNIZED_METHOD_MODIFIERS;
 917 
 918   Handle ch = java_lang_reflect_Constructor::create(CHECK_NULL);
 919 
 920   java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_clazz(ch(), holder->java_mirror());
 921   java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_slot(ch(), slot);
 922   java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_parameter_types(ch(), parameter_types());
 923   java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_exception_types(ch(), exception_types());
 924   java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_modifiers(ch(), modifiers);
 925   java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_override(ch(), false);
 926   if (method->generic_signature() != NULL) {
 927     Symbol*  gs = method->generic_signature();
 928     Handle sig = java_lang_String::create_from_symbol(gs, CHECK_NULL);
 929     java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_signature(ch(), sig());
 930   }
 931   typeArrayOop an_oop = Annotations::make_java_array(method->annotations(), CHECK_NULL);
 932   java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_annotations(ch(), an_oop);
 933   an_oop = Annotations::make_java_array(method->parameter_annotations(), CHECK_NULL);
 934   java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_parameter_annotations(ch(), an_oop);
 935   return ch();
 936 }
 937 
 938 
 939 oop Reflection::new_field(fieldDescriptor* fd, TRAPS) {
 940   Symbol*  field_name = fd->name();
 941   oop name_oop = StringTable::intern(field_name, CHECK_NULL);
 942   Handle name = Handle(THREAD, name_oop);
 943   Symbol*  signature  = fd->signature();
 944   InstanceKlass* holder = fd->field_holder();
 945   Handle type = new_type(signature, holder, CHECK_NULL);
 946   Handle rh  = java_lang_reflect_Field::create(CHECK_NULL);
 947 
 948   java_lang_reflect_Field::set_clazz(rh(), fd->field_holder()->java_mirror());
 949   java_lang_reflect_Field::set_slot(rh(), fd->index());
 950   java_lang_reflect_Field::set_name(rh(), name());
 951   java_lang_reflect_Field::set_type(rh(), type());
 952   // Note the ACC_ANNOTATION bit, which is a per-class access flag, is never set here.
 953   int modifiers = fd->access_flags().as_int() & JVM_RECOGNIZED_FIELD_MODIFIERS;
 954   if (fd->is_flattenable()) {
 955     modifiers |= JVM_ACC_FIELD_FLATTENABLE;
 956     // JVM_ACC_FLATTENABLE should not be set in LWorld.  set_is_flattenable should be re-examined.
 957     modifiers &= ~JVM_ACC_FLATTENABLE;
 958   }
 959   if (fd->is_flattened()) {
 960     modifiers |= JVM_ACC_FIELD_FLATTENED;
 961   }
 962   java_lang_reflect_Field::set_modifiers(rh(), modifiers);
 963   java_lang_reflect_Field::set_override(rh(), false);
 964   if (fd->has_generic_signature()) {
 965     Symbol*  gs = fd->generic_signature();
 966     Handle sig = java_lang_String::create_from_symbol(gs, CHECK_NULL);
 967     java_lang_reflect_Field::set_signature(rh(), sig());
 968   }
 969   typeArrayOop an_oop = Annotations::make_java_array(fd->annotations(), CHECK_NULL);
 970   java_lang_reflect_Field::set_annotations(rh(), an_oop);
 971   return rh();
 972 }
 973 
 974 oop Reflection::new_parameter(Handle method, int index, Symbol* sym,
 975                               int flags, TRAPS) {
 976 
 977   Handle rh = java_lang_reflect_Parameter::create(CHECK_NULL);
 978 
 979   if(NULL != sym) {
 980     Handle name = java_lang_String::create_from_symbol(sym, CHECK_NULL);
 981     java_lang_reflect_Parameter::set_name(rh(), name());
 982   } else {
 983     java_lang_reflect_Parameter::set_name(rh(), NULL);
 984   }
 985 
 986   java_lang_reflect_Parameter::set_modifiers(rh(), flags);
 987   java_lang_reflect_Parameter::set_executable(rh(), method());
 988   java_lang_reflect_Parameter::set_index(rh(), index);
 989   return rh();
 990 }
 991 
 992 
 993 static methodHandle resolve_interface_call(InstanceKlass* klass,
 994                                            const methodHandle& method,
 995                                            Klass* recv_klass,
 996                                            Handle receiver,
 997                                            TRAPS) {
 998 
 999   assert(!method.is_null() , "method should not be null");
1000 
1001   CallInfo info;
1002   Symbol*  signature  = method->signature();
1003   Symbol*  name       = method->name();
1004   LinkResolver::resolve_interface_call(info, receiver, recv_klass,
1005                                        LinkInfo(klass, name, signature),
1006                                        true,
1007                                        CHECK_(methodHandle()));
1008   return info.selected_method();
1009 }
1010 
1011 // Conversion
1012 static BasicType basic_type_mirror_to_basic_type(oop basic_type_mirror, TRAPS) {
1013   assert(java_lang_Class::is_primitive(basic_type_mirror),
1014     "just checking");
1015   return java_lang_Class::primitive_type(basic_type_mirror);
1016 }
1017 
1018 // Narrowing of basic types. Used to create correct jvalues for
1019 // boolean, byte, char and short return return values from interpreter
1020 // which are returned as ints. Throws IllegalArgumentException.
1021 static void narrow(jvalue* value, BasicType narrow_type, TRAPS) {
1022   switch (narrow_type) {
1023   case T_BOOLEAN:
1024     value->z = (jboolean) (value->i & 1);
1025     return;
1026   case T_BYTE:
1027     value->b = (jbyte)value->i;
1028     return;
1029   case T_CHAR:
1030     value->c = (jchar)value->i;
1031     return;
1032   case T_SHORT:
1033     value->s = (jshort)value->i;
1034     return;
1035   default:
1036     break; // fail
1037   }
1038   THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), "argument type mismatch");
1039 }
1040 
1041 
1042 // Method call (shared by invoke_method and invoke_constructor)
1043 static oop invoke(InstanceKlass* klass,
1044                   const methodHandle& reflected_method,
1045                   Handle receiver,
1046                   bool override,
1047                   objArrayHandle ptypes,
1048                   BasicType rtype,
1049                   objArrayHandle args,
1050                   bool is_method_invoke,
1051                   TRAPS) {
1052 
1053   ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1054 
1055   methodHandle method;      // actual method to invoke
1056   Klass* target_klass;      // target klass, receiver's klass for non-static
1057 
1058   // Ensure klass is initialized
1059   klass->initialize(CHECK_NULL);
1060 
1061   bool is_static = reflected_method->is_static();
1062   if (is_static) {
1063     // ignore receiver argument
1064     method = reflected_method;
1065     target_klass = klass;
1066   } else {
1067     // check for null receiver
1068     if (receiver.is_null()) {
1069       THROW_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException());
1070     }
1071     // Check class of receiver against class declaring method
1072     if (!receiver->is_a(klass)) {
1073       THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), "object is not an instance of declaring class");
1074     }
1075     // target klass is receiver's klass
1076     target_klass = receiver->klass();
1077     // no need to resolve if method is private or <init>
1078     if (reflected_method->is_private() || reflected_method->name() == vmSymbols::object_initializer_name()) {
1079       method = reflected_method;
1080     } else {
1081       // resolve based on the receiver
1082       if (reflected_method->method_holder()->is_interface()) {
1083         // resolve interface call
1084         //
1085         // Match resolution errors with those thrown due to reflection inlining
1086         // Linktime resolution & IllegalAccessCheck already done by Class.getMethod()
1087         method = resolve_interface_call(klass, reflected_method, target_klass, receiver, THREAD);
1088         if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1089           // Method resolution threw an exception; wrap it in an InvocationTargetException
1090           oop resolution_exception = PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1091           CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1092           // JVMTI has already reported the pending exception
1093           // JVMTI internal flag reset is needed in order to report InvocationTargetException
1094           if (THREAD->is_Java_thread()) {
1095             JvmtiExport::clear_detected_exception((JavaThread*)THREAD);
1096           }
1097           JavaCallArguments args(Handle(THREAD, resolution_exception));
1098           THROW_ARG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_reflect_InvocationTargetException(),
1099                       vmSymbols::throwable_void_signature(),
1100                       &args);
1101         }
1102       }  else {
1103         // if the method can be overridden, we resolve using the vtable index.
1104         assert(!reflected_method->has_itable_index(), "");
1105         int index = reflected_method->vtable_index();
1106         method = reflected_method;
1107         if (index != Method::nonvirtual_vtable_index) {
1108           method = methodHandle(THREAD, target_klass->method_at_vtable(index));
1109         }
1110         if (!method.is_null()) {
1111           // Check for abstract methods as well
1112           if (method->is_abstract()) {
1113             // new default: 6531596
1114             ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1115             stringStream ss;
1116             ss.print("'");
1117             Method::print_external_name(&ss, target_klass, method->name(), method->signature());
1118             ss.print("'");
1119             Handle h_origexception = Exceptions::new_exception(THREAD,
1120               vmSymbols::java_lang_AbstractMethodError(), ss.as_string());
1121             JavaCallArguments args(h_origexception);
1122             THROW_ARG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_reflect_InvocationTargetException(),
1123               vmSymbols::throwable_void_signature(),
1124               &args);
1125           }
1126         }
1127       }
1128     }
1129   }
1130 
1131   // I believe this is a ShouldNotGetHere case which requires
1132   // an internal vtable bug. If you ever get this please let Karen know.
1133   if (method.is_null()) {
1134     ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1135     stringStream ss;
1136     ss.print("'");
1137     Method::print_external_name(&ss, klass,
1138                                      reflected_method->name(),
1139                                      reflected_method->signature());
1140     ss.print("'");
1141     THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_NoSuchMethodError(), ss.as_string());
1142   }
1143 
1144   assert(ptypes->is_objArray(), "just checking");
1145   int args_len = args.is_null() ? 0 : args->length();
1146   // Check number of arguments
1147   if (ptypes->length() != args_len) {
1148     THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(),
1149                 "wrong number of arguments");
1150   }
1151 
1152   // Create object to contain parameters for the JavaCall
1153   JavaCallArguments java_args(method->size_of_parameters());
1154 
1155   if (!is_static) {
1156     java_args.push_oop(receiver);
1157   }
1158 
1159   for (int i = 0; i < args_len; i++) {
1160     oop type_mirror = ptypes->obj_at(i);
1161     oop arg = args->obj_at(i);
1162     if (java_lang_Class::is_primitive(type_mirror)) {
1163       jvalue value;
1164       BasicType ptype = basic_type_mirror_to_basic_type(type_mirror, CHECK_NULL);
1165       BasicType atype = Reflection::unbox_for_primitive(arg, &value, CHECK_NULL);
1166       if (ptype != atype) {
1167         Reflection::widen(&value, atype, ptype, CHECK_NULL);
1168       }
1169       switch (ptype) {
1170         case T_BOOLEAN:     java_args.push_int(value.z);    break;
1171         case T_CHAR:        java_args.push_int(value.c);    break;
1172         case T_BYTE:        java_args.push_int(value.b);    break;
1173         case T_SHORT:       java_args.push_int(value.s);    break;
1174         case T_INT:         java_args.push_int(value.i);    break;
1175         case T_LONG:        java_args.push_long(value.j);   break;
1176         case T_FLOAT:       java_args.push_float(value.f);  break;
1177         case T_DOUBLE:      java_args.push_double(value.d); break;
1178         default:
1179           THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), "argument type mismatch");
1180       }
1181     } else {
1182       if (arg != NULL) {
1183         Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(type_mirror);
1184         if (!arg->is_a(k)) {
1185           THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(),
1186                       "argument type mismatch");
1187         }
1188       }
1189       Handle arg_handle(THREAD, arg);         // Create handle for argument
1190       java_args.push_oop(arg_handle); // Push handle
1191     }
1192   }
1193 
1194   assert(java_args.size_of_parameters() == method->size_of_parameters(),
1195     "just checking");
1196 
1197   // All oops (including receiver) is passed in as Handles. An potential oop is returned as an
1198   // oop (i.e., NOT as an handle)
1199   JavaValue result(rtype);
1200   JavaCalls::call(&result, method, &java_args, THREAD);
1201 
1202   if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1203     // Method threw an exception; wrap it in an InvocationTargetException
1204     oop target_exception = PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1205     CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1206     // JVMTI has already reported the pending exception
1207     // JVMTI internal flag reset is needed in order to report InvocationTargetException
1208     if (THREAD->is_Java_thread()) {
1209       JvmtiExport::clear_detected_exception((JavaThread*)THREAD);
1210     }
1211 
1212     JavaCallArguments args(Handle(THREAD, target_exception));
1213     THROW_ARG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_reflect_InvocationTargetException(),
1214                 vmSymbols::throwable_void_signature(),
1215                 &args);
1216   } else {
1217     if (rtype == T_BOOLEAN || rtype == T_BYTE || rtype == T_CHAR || rtype == T_SHORT) {
1218       narrow((jvalue*)result.get_value_addr(), rtype, CHECK_NULL);
1219     }
1220     return Reflection::box((jvalue*)result.get_value_addr(), rtype, THREAD);
1221   }
1222 }
1223 
1224 // This would be nicer if, say, java.lang.reflect.Method was a subclass
1225 // of java.lang.reflect.Constructor
1226 
1227 oop Reflection::invoke_method(oop method_mirror, Handle receiver, objArrayHandle args, TRAPS) {
1228   oop mirror             = java_lang_reflect_Method::clazz(method_mirror);
1229   int slot               = java_lang_reflect_Method::slot(method_mirror);
1230   bool override          = java_lang_reflect_Method::override(method_mirror) != 0;
1231   objArrayHandle ptypes(THREAD, objArrayOop(java_lang_reflect_Method::parameter_types(method_mirror)));
1232 
1233   oop return_type_mirror = java_lang_reflect_Method::return_type(method_mirror);
1234   BasicType rtype;
1235   if (java_lang_Class::is_primitive(return_type_mirror)) {
1236     rtype = basic_type_mirror_to_basic_type(return_type_mirror, CHECK_NULL);
1237   } else if (java_lang_Class::inline_type_mirror(return_type_mirror) == return_type_mirror) {
1238     rtype = T_VALUETYPE;
1239   } else {
1240     rtype = T_OBJECT;
1241   }
1242 
1243   InstanceKlass* klass = InstanceKlass::cast(java_lang_Class::as_Klass(mirror));
1244   Method* m = klass->method_with_idnum(slot);
1245   if (m == NULL) {
1246     THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_InternalError(), "invoke");
1247   }
1248   methodHandle method(THREAD, m);
1249 
1250   return invoke(klass, method, receiver, override, ptypes, rtype, args, true, THREAD);
1251 }
1252 
1253 
1254 oop Reflection::invoke_constructor(oop constructor_mirror, objArrayHandle args, TRAPS) {
1255   oop mirror             = java_lang_reflect_Constructor::clazz(constructor_mirror);
1256   int slot               = java_lang_reflect_Constructor::slot(constructor_mirror);
1257   bool override          = java_lang_reflect_Constructor::override(constructor_mirror) != 0;
1258   objArrayHandle ptypes(THREAD, objArrayOop(java_lang_reflect_Constructor::parameter_types(constructor_mirror)));
1259 
1260   InstanceKlass* klass = InstanceKlass::cast(java_lang_Class::as_Klass(mirror));
1261   Method* m = klass->method_with_idnum(slot);
1262   if (m == NULL) {
1263     THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_InternalError(), "invoke");
1264   }
1265   methodHandle method(THREAD, m);
1266   assert(method->name() == vmSymbols::object_initializer_name(), "invalid constructor");
1267 
1268   // Make sure klass gets initialize
1269   klass->initialize(CHECK_NULL);
1270 
1271   // Create new instance (the receiver)
1272   klass->check_valid_for_instantiation(false, CHECK_NULL);
1273 
1274   // Special case for factory methods
1275   if (!method->signature()->is_void_method_signature()) {
1276     assert(klass->is_value(), "inline classes must use factory methods");
1277     Handle no_receiver; // null instead of receiver
1278     return invoke(klass, method, no_receiver, override, ptypes, T_OBJECT, args, false, CHECK_NULL);
1279   }
1280 
1281   // main branch of code creates a non-inline object:
1282   assert(!klass->is_value(), "classic constructors are only for non-inline classes");
1283   Handle receiver = klass->allocate_instance_handle(CHECK_NULL);
1284 
1285   // Ignore result from call and return receiver
1286   invoke(klass, method, receiver, override, ptypes, T_VOID, args, false, CHECK_NULL);
1287   return receiver();
1288 }