1 /*
2 * Copyright (c) 1996, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
3 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
4 *
5 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
6 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
7 * published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
8 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
9 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
10 *
11 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
12 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
13 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
14 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
15 * accompanied this code).
16 *
17 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
18 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
19 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
20 *
21 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
22 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
23 * questions.
24 */
25
26 package java.lang.reflect;
27
28 import jdk.internal.access.SharedSecrets;
29 import jdk.internal.reflect.CallerSensitive;
30 import jdk.internal.reflect.ConstructorAccessor;
31 import jdk.internal.reflect.Reflection;
32 import jdk.internal.vm.annotation.ForceInline;
33 import sun.reflect.annotation.TypeAnnotation;
34 import sun.reflect.annotation.TypeAnnotationParser;
35 import sun.reflect.generics.repository.ConstructorRepository;
36 import sun.reflect.generics.factory.CoreReflectionFactory;
37 import sun.reflect.generics.factory.GenericsFactory;
38 import sun.reflect.generics.scope.ConstructorScope;
39 import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
40 import java.lang.annotation.AnnotationFormatError;
41 import java.util.StringJoiner;
42
43 /**
44 * {@code Constructor} provides information about, and access to, a single
45 * constructor for a class.
46 *
47 * <p>{@code Constructor} permits widening conversions to occur when matching the
48 * actual parameters to newInstance() with the underlying
49 * constructor's formal parameters, but throws an
50 * {@code IllegalArgumentException} if a narrowing conversion would occur.
51 *
52 * @param <T> the class in which the constructor is declared
53 *
54 * @see Member
55 * @see java.lang.Class
56 * @see java.lang.Class#getConstructors()
57 * @see java.lang.Class#getConstructor(Class[])
58 * @see java.lang.Class#getDeclaredConstructors()
59 *
60 * @author Kenneth Russell
61 * @author Nakul Saraiya
62 * @since 1.1
63 */
64 public final class Constructor<T> extends Executable {
65 private Class<T> clazz;
66 private int slot;
67 private Class<?>[] parameterTypes;
68 private Class<?>[] exceptionTypes;
69 private int modifiers;
70 // Generics and annotations support
71 private transient String signature;
72 // generic info repository; lazily initialized
73 private transient ConstructorRepository genericInfo;
74 private byte[] annotations;
75 private byte[] parameterAnnotations;
76
77 // Generics infrastructure
78 // Accessor for factory
79 private GenericsFactory getFactory() {
80 // create scope and factory
81 return CoreReflectionFactory.make(this, ConstructorScope.make(this));
82 }
83
84 // Accessor for generic info repository
85 @Override
86 ConstructorRepository getGenericInfo() {
87 // lazily initialize repository if necessary
88 if (genericInfo == null) {
89 // create and cache generic info repository
90 genericInfo =
91 ConstructorRepository.make(getSignature(),
92 getFactory());
93 }
94 return genericInfo; //return cached repository
95 }
96
97 private volatile ConstructorAccessor constructorAccessor;
98 // For sharing of ConstructorAccessors. This branching structure
99 // is currently only two levels deep (i.e., one root Constructor
100 // and potentially many Constructor objects pointing to it.)
101 //
102 // If this branching structure would ever contain cycles, deadlocks can
103 // occur in annotation code.
104 private Constructor<T> root;
105
106 @Override
107 Constructor<T> getRoot() {
108 return root;
109 }
110
111 /**
112 * Package-private constructor used by ReflectAccess to enable
113 * instantiation of these objects in Java code from the java.lang
114 * package via sun.reflect.LangReflectAccess.
115 */
116 Constructor(Class<T> declaringClass,
117 Class<?>[] parameterTypes,
118 Class<?>[] checkedExceptions,
119 int modifiers,
120 int slot,
121 String signature,
122 byte[] annotations,
123 byte[] parameterAnnotations) {
124 this.clazz = declaringClass;
125 this.parameterTypes = parameterTypes;
126 this.exceptionTypes = checkedExceptions;
127 this.modifiers = modifiers;
128 this.slot = slot;
129 this.signature = signature;
130 this.annotations = annotations;
131 this.parameterAnnotations = parameterAnnotations;
132 }
133
134 /**
135 * Package-private routine (exposed to java.lang.Class via
136 * ReflectAccess) which returns a copy of this Constructor. The copy's
137 * "root" field points to this Constructor.
138 */
139 Constructor<T> copy() {
140 // This routine enables sharing of ConstructorAccessor objects
141 // among Constructor objects which refer to the same underlying
142 // method in the VM. (All of this contortion is only necessary
143 // because of the "accessibility" bit in AccessibleObject,
144 // which implicitly requires that new java.lang.reflect
145 // objects be fabricated for each reflective call on Class
146 // objects.)
147 if (this.root != null)
148 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Can not copy a non-root Constructor");
149
150 Constructor<T> res = new Constructor<>(clazz,
151 parameterTypes,
152 exceptionTypes, modifiers, slot,
153 signature,
154 annotations,
155 parameterAnnotations);
156 res.root = this;
157 // Might as well eagerly propagate this if already present
158 res.constructorAccessor = constructorAccessor;
159 return res;
160 }
161
162 /**
163 * {@inheritDoc}
164 *
165 * <p> A {@code SecurityException} is also thrown if this object is a
166 * {@code Constructor} object for the class {@code Class} and {@code flag}
167 * is true. </p>
168 *
169 * @param flag {@inheritDoc}
170 *
171 * @throws InaccessibleObjectException {@inheritDoc}
172 * @throws SecurityException if the request is denied by the security manager
173 * or this is a constructor for {@code java.lang.Class}
174 *
175 * @spec JPMS
176 */
177 @Override
178 @CallerSensitive
179 public void setAccessible(boolean flag) {
180 AccessibleObject.checkPermission();
181
182 if (flag) {
183 if (clazz.isValue()) {
184 throw new InaccessibleObjectException(
185 "Unable to make an inline class constructor \"" + this + "\" accessible");
186 }
187 checkCanSetAccessible(Reflection.getCallerClass());
188 }
189 setAccessible0(flag);
190 }
191
192 @Override
193 void checkCanSetAccessible(Class<?> caller) {
194 checkCanSetAccessible(caller, clazz);
195 if (clazz == Class.class) {
196 // can we change this to InaccessibleObjectException?
197 throw new SecurityException("Cannot make a java.lang.Class"
198 + " constructor accessible");
199 }
200 }
201
202 @Override
203 boolean hasGenericInformation() {
204 return (getSignature() != null);
205 }
206
207 @Override
208 byte[] getAnnotationBytes() {
209 return annotations;
210 }
211
212 /**
213 * Returns the {@code Class} object representing
214 * {@linkplain Class#asBoxType() the box type} of the class that
215 * declares the constructor represented by this object.
216 */
217 @Override
218 public Class<T> getDeclaringClass() {
219 return clazz;
220 }
221
222 /**
223 * Returns the name of this constructor, as a string. This is
224 * the binary name of the constructor's declaring class.
225 */
226 @Override
227 public String getName() {
228 return getDeclaringClass().getName();
229 }
230
231 /**
232 * {@inheritDoc}
233 */
234 @Override
235 public int getModifiers() {
236 return modifiers;
237 }
238
239 /**
240 * {@inheritDoc}
241 * @throws GenericSignatureFormatError {@inheritDoc}
242 * @since 1.5
243 */
244 @Override
245 @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes", "unchecked"})
246 public TypeVariable<Constructor<T>>[] getTypeParameters() {
247 if (getSignature() != null) {
248 return (TypeVariable<Constructor<T>>[])getGenericInfo().getTypeParameters();
249 } else
250 return (TypeVariable<Constructor<T>>[])new TypeVariable[0];
251 }
252
253
254 @Override
255 Class<?>[] getSharedParameterTypes() {
256 return parameterTypes;
257 }
258
259 @Override
260 Class<?>[] getSharedExceptionTypes() {
261 return exceptionTypes;
262 }
263
264 /**
265 * {@inheritDoc}
266 */
267 @Override
268 public Class<?>[] getParameterTypes() {
269 return parameterTypes.clone();
270 }
271
272 /**
273 * {@inheritDoc}
274 * @since 1.8
275 */
276 public int getParameterCount() { return parameterTypes.length; }
277
278 /**
279 * {@inheritDoc}
280 * @throws GenericSignatureFormatError {@inheritDoc}
281 * @throws TypeNotPresentException {@inheritDoc}
282 * @throws MalformedParameterizedTypeException {@inheritDoc}
283 * @since 1.5
284 */
285 @Override
286 public Type[] getGenericParameterTypes() {
287 return super.getGenericParameterTypes();
288 }
289
290 /**
291 * {@inheritDoc}
292 */
293 @Override
294 public Class<?>[] getExceptionTypes() {
295 return exceptionTypes.clone();
296 }
297
298
299 /**
300 * {@inheritDoc}
301 * @throws GenericSignatureFormatError {@inheritDoc}
302 * @throws TypeNotPresentException {@inheritDoc}
303 * @throws MalformedParameterizedTypeException {@inheritDoc}
304 * @since 1.5
305 */
306 @Override
307 public Type[] getGenericExceptionTypes() {
308 return super.getGenericExceptionTypes();
309 }
310
311 /**
312 * Compares this {@code Constructor} against the specified object.
313 * Returns true if the objects are the same. Two {@code Constructor} objects are
314 * the same if they were declared by the same class and have the
315 * same formal parameter types.
316 */
317 public boolean equals(Object obj) {
318 if (obj != null && obj instanceof Constructor) {
319 Constructor<?> other = (Constructor<?>)obj;
320 if (getDeclaringClass() == other.getDeclaringClass()) {
321 return equalParamTypes(parameterTypes, other.parameterTypes);
322 }
323 }
324 return false;
325 }
326
327 /**
328 * Returns a hashcode for this {@code Constructor}. The hashcode is
329 * the same as the hashcode for the underlying constructor's
330 * declaring class name.
331 */
332 public int hashCode() {
333 return getDeclaringClass().getName().hashCode();
334 }
335
336 /**
337 * Returns a string describing this {@code Constructor}. The string is
338 * formatted as the constructor access modifiers, if any,
339 * followed by the fully-qualified name of the declaring class,
340 * followed by a parenthesized, comma-separated list of the
341 * constructor's formal parameter types. For example:
342 * <pre>{@code
343 * public java.util.Hashtable(int,float)
344 * }</pre>
345 *
346 * <p>If the constructor is declared to throw exceptions, the
347 * parameter list is followed by a space, followed by the word
348 * "{@code throws}" followed by a comma-separated list of the
349 * thrown exception types.
350 *
351 * <p>The only possible modifiers for constructors are the access
352 * modifiers {@code public}, {@code protected} or
353 * {@code private}. Only one of these may appear, or none if the
354 * constructor has default (package) access.
355 *
356 * @return a string describing this {@code Constructor}
357 * @jls 8.8.3 Constructor Modifiers
358 * @jls 8.9.2 Enum Body Declarations
359 */
360 public String toString() {
361 return sharedToString(Modifier.constructorModifiers(),
362 false,
363 parameterTypes,
364 exceptionTypes);
365 }
366
367 @Override
368 void specificToStringHeader(StringBuilder sb) {
369 sb.append(getDeclaringClass().getTypeName());
370 }
371
372 @Override
373 String toShortString() {
374 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("constructor ");
375 sb.append(getDeclaringClass().getTypeName());
376 sb.append('(');
377 StringJoiner sj = new StringJoiner(",");
378 for (Class<?> parameterType : getParameterTypes()) {
379 sj.add(parameterType.getTypeName());
380 }
381 sb.append(sj);
382 sb.append(')');
383 return sb.toString();
384 }
385
386 /**
387 * Returns a string describing this {@code Constructor},
388 * including type parameters. The string is formatted as the
389 * constructor access modifiers, if any, followed by an
390 * angle-bracketed comma separated list of the constructor's type
391 * parameters, if any, including informative bounds of the
392 * type parameters, if any, followed by the fully-qualified name of the
393 * declaring class, followed by a parenthesized, comma-separated
394 * list of the constructor's generic formal parameter types.
395 *
396 * If this constructor was declared to take a variable number of
397 * arguments, instead of denoting the last parameter as
398 * "<code><i>Type</i>[]</code>", it is denoted as
399 * "<code><i>Type</i>...</code>".
400 *
401 * A space is used to separate access modifiers from one another
402 * and from the type parameters or class name. If there are no
403 * type parameters, the type parameter list is elided; if the type
404 * parameter list is present, a space separates the list from the
405 * class name. If the constructor is declared to throw
406 * exceptions, the parameter list is followed by a space, followed
407 * by the word "{@code throws}" followed by a
408 * comma-separated list of the generic thrown exception types.
409 *
410 * <p>The only possible modifiers for constructors are the access
411 * modifiers {@code public}, {@code protected} or
412 * {@code private}. Only one of these may appear, or none if the
413 * constructor has default (package) access.
414 *
415 * @return a string describing this {@code Constructor},
416 * include type parameters
417 *
418 * @since 1.5
419 * @jls 8.8.3 Constructor Modifiers
420 * @jls 8.9.2 Enum Body Declarations
421 */
422 @Override
423 public String toGenericString() {
424 return sharedToGenericString(Modifier.constructorModifiers(), false);
425 }
426
427 @Override
428 void specificToGenericStringHeader(StringBuilder sb) {
429 specificToStringHeader(sb);
430 }
431
432 /**
433 * Uses the constructor represented by this {@code Constructor} object to
434 * create and initialize a new instance of the constructor's
435 * declaring class, with the specified initialization parameters.
436 * Individual parameters are automatically unwrapped to match
437 * primitive formal parameters, and both primitive and reference
438 * parameters are subject to method invocation conversions as necessary.
439 *
440 * <p>If the number of formal parameters required by the underlying constructor
441 * is 0, the supplied {@code initargs} array may be of length 0 or null.
442 *
443 * <p>If the constructor's declaring class is an inner class in a
444 * non-static context, the first argument to the constructor needs
445 * to be the enclosing instance; see section 15.9.3 of
446 * <cite>The Java™ Language Specification</cite>.
447 *
448 * <p>If the required access and argument checks succeed and the
449 * instantiation will proceed, the constructor's declaring class
450 * is initialized if it has not already been initialized.
451 *
452 * <p>If the constructor completes normally, returns the newly
453 * created and initialized instance.
454 *
455 * @param initargs array of objects to be passed as arguments to
456 * the constructor call; values of primitive types are wrapped in
457 * a wrapper object of the appropriate type (e.g. a {@code float}
458 * in a {@link java.lang.Float Float})
459 *
460 * @return a new object created by calling the constructor
461 * this object represents
462 *
463 * @exception IllegalAccessException if this {@code Constructor} object
464 * is enforcing Java language access control and the underlying
465 * constructor is inaccessible.
466 * @exception IllegalArgumentException if the number of actual
467 * and formal parameters differ; if an unwrapping
468 * conversion for primitive arguments fails; or if,
469 * after possible unwrapping, a parameter value
470 * cannot be converted to the corresponding formal
471 * parameter type by a method invocation conversion; if
472 * this constructor pertains to an enum type.
473 * @exception InstantiationException if the class that declares the
474 * underlying constructor represents an abstract class.
475 * @exception InvocationTargetException if the underlying constructor
476 * throws an exception.
477 * @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked
478 * by this method fails.
479 */
480 @CallerSensitive
481 @ForceInline // to ensure Reflection.getCallerClass optimization
482 public T newInstance(Object ... initargs)
483 throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException,
484 IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException
485 {
486 if (clazz.isValue()) {
487 throw new IllegalAccessException(
488 "cannot create new instance of an inline class " + clazz.getName());
489 }
490 Class<?> caller = override ? null : Reflection.getCallerClass();
491 return newInstanceWithCaller(initargs, !override, caller);
492 }
493
494 /* package-private */
495 T newInstanceWithCaller(Object[] args, boolean checkAccess, Class<?> caller)
496 throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException,
497 InvocationTargetException
498 {
499 if (checkAccess)
500 checkAccess(caller, clazz, clazz, modifiers);
501
502 if ((clazz.getModifiers() & Modifier.ENUM) != 0)
503 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot reflectively create enum objects");
504
505 ConstructorAccessor ca = constructorAccessor; // read volatile
506 if (ca == null) {
507 ca = acquireConstructorAccessor();
508 }
509 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
510 T inst = (T) ca.newInstance(args);
511 return inst;
512 }
513
514 /**
515 * {@inheritDoc}
516 * @since 1.5
517 */
518 @Override
519 public boolean isVarArgs() {
520 return super.isVarArgs();
521 }
522
523 /**
524 * {@inheritDoc}
525 * @jls 13.1 The Form of a Binary
526 * @since 1.5
527 */
528 @Override
529 public boolean isSynthetic() {
530 return super.isSynthetic();
531 }
532
533 // NOTE that there is no synchronization used here. It is correct
534 // (though not efficient) to generate more than one
535 // ConstructorAccessor for a given Constructor. However, avoiding
536 // synchronization will probably make the implementation more
537 // scalable.
538 private ConstructorAccessor acquireConstructorAccessor() {
539 // First check to see if one has been created yet, and take it
540 // if so.
541 ConstructorAccessor tmp = null;
542 if (root != null) tmp = root.getConstructorAccessor();
543 if (tmp != null) {
544 constructorAccessor = tmp;
545 } else {
546 // Otherwise fabricate one and propagate it up to the root
547 tmp = reflectionFactory.newConstructorAccessor(this);
548 setConstructorAccessor(tmp);
549 }
550
551 return tmp;
552 }
553
554 // Returns ConstructorAccessor for this Constructor object, not
555 // looking up the chain to the root
556 ConstructorAccessor getConstructorAccessor() {
557 return constructorAccessor;
558 }
559
560 // Sets the ConstructorAccessor for this Constructor object and
561 // (recursively) its root
562 void setConstructorAccessor(ConstructorAccessor accessor) {
563 constructorAccessor = accessor;
564 // Propagate up
565 if (root != null) {
566 root.setConstructorAccessor(accessor);
567 }
568 }
569
570 int getSlot() {
571 return slot;
572 }
573
574 String getSignature() {
575 return signature;
576 }
577
578 byte[] getRawAnnotations() {
579 return annotations;
580 }
581
582 byte[] getRawParameterAnnotations() {
583 return parameterAnnotations;
584 }
585
586
587 /**
588 * {@inheritDoc}
589 * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
590 * @since 1.5
591 */
592 public <T extends Annotation> T getAnnotation(Class<T> annotationClass) {
593 return super.getAnnotation(annotationClass);
594 }
595
596 /**
597 * {@inheritDoc}
598 * @since 1.5
599 */
600 public Annotation[] getDeclaredAnnotations() {
601 return super.getDeclaredAnnotations();
602 }
603
604 /**
605 * {@inheritDoc}
606 * @since 1.5
607 */
608 @Override
609 public Annotation[][] getParameterAnnotations() {
610 return sharedGetParameterAnnotations(parameterTypes, parameterAnnotations);
611 }
612
613 @Override
614 boolean handleParameterNumberMismatch(int resultLength, int numParameters) {
615 Class<?> declaringClass = getDeclaringClass();
616 if (declaringClass.isEnum() ||
617 declaringClass.isAnonymousClass() ||
618 declaringClass.isLocalClass() )
619 return false; // Can't do reliable parameter counting
620 else {
621 if (declaringClass.isMemberClass() &&
622 ((declaringClass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) &&
623 resultLength + 1 == numParameters) {
624 return true;
625 } else {
626 throw new AnnotationFormatError(
627 "Parameter annotations don't match number of parameters");
628 }
629 }
630 }
631
632 /**
633 * {@inheritDoc}
634 * @since 1.8
635 */
636 @Override
637 public AnnotatedType getAnnotatedReturnType() {
638 return getAnnotatedReturnType0(getDeclaringClass());
639 }
640
641 /**
642 * {@inheritDoc}
643 * @since 1.8
644 */
645 @Override
646 public AnnotatedType getAnnotatedReceiverType() {
647 Class<?> thisDeclClass = getDeclaringClass();
648 Class<?> enclosingClass = thisDeclClass.getEnclosingClass();
649
650 if (enclosingClass == null) {
651 // A Constructor for a top-level class
652 return null;
653 }
654
655 Class<?> outerDeclaringClass = thisDeclClass.getDeclaringClass();
656 if (outerDeclaringClass == null) {
657 // A constructor for a local or anonymous class
658 return null;
659 }
660
661 // Either static nested or inner class
662 if (Modifier.isStatic(thisDeclClass.getModifiers())) {
663 // static nested
664 return null;
665 }
666
667 // A Constructor for an inner class
668 return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedType(getTypeAnnotationBytes0(),
669 SharedSecrets.getJavaLangAccess().
670 getConstantPool(thisDeclClass),
671 this,
672 thisDeclClass,
673 enclosingClass,
674 TypeAnnotation.TypeAnnotationTarget.METHOD_RECEIVER);
675 }
676 }