1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 1996, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 3 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 4 * 5 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 6 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 7 * published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this 8 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 9 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 10 * 11 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 12 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 13 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 14 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 15 * accompanied this code). 16 * 17 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 18 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 19 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 20 * 21 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 22 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 23 * questions. 24 */ 25 26 package java.lang.reflect; 27 28 import jdk.internal.access.SharedSecrets; 29 import jdk.internal.reflect.CallerSensitive; 30 import jdk.internal.reflect.ConstructorAccessor; 31 import jdk.internal.reflect.Reflection; 32 import jdk.internal.vm.annotation.ForceInline; 33 import sun.reflect.annotation.TypeAnnotation; 34 import sun.reflect.annotation.TypeAnnotationParser; 35 import sun.reflect.generics.repository.ConstructorRepository; 36 import sun.reflect.generics.factory.CoreReflectionFactory; 37 import sun.reflect.generics.factory.GenericsFactory; 38 import sun.reflect.generics.scope.ConstructorScope; 39 import java.lang.annotation.Annotation; 40 import java.lang.annotation.AnnotationFormatError; 41 import java.util.StringJoiner; 42 43 /** 44 * {@code Constructor} provides information about, and access to, a single 45 * constructor for a class. 46 * 47 * <p>{@code Constructor} permits widening conversions to occur when matching the 48 * actual parameters to newInstance() with the underlying 49 * constructor's formal parameters, but throws an 50 * {@code IllegalArgumentException} if a narrowing conversion would occur. 51 * 52 * @param <T> the class in which the constructor is declared 53 * 54 * @see Member 55 * @see java.lang.Class 56 * @see java.lang.Class#getConstructors() 57 * @see java.lang.Class#getConstructor(Class[]) 58 * @see java.lang.Class#getDeclaredConstructors() 59 * 60 * @author Kenneth Russell 61 * @author Nakul Saraiya 62 * @since 1.1 63 */ 64 public final class Constructor<T> extends Executable { 65 private Class<T> clazz; 66 private int slot; 67 private Class<?>[] parameterTypes; 68 private Class<?>[] exceptionTypes; 69 private int modifiers; 70 // Generics and annotations support 71 private transient String signature; 72 // generic info repository; lazily initialized 73 private transient ConstructorRepository genericInfo; 74 private byte[] annotations; 75 private byte[] parameterAnnotations; 76 77 // Generics infrastructure 78 // Accessor for factory 79 private GenericsFactory getFactory() { 80 // create scope and factory 81 return CoreReflectionFactory.make(this, ConstructorScope.make(this)); 82 } 83 84 // Accessor for generic info repository 85 @Override 86 ConstructorRepository getGenericInfo() { 87 // lazily initialize repository if necessary 88 if (genericInfo == null) { 89 // create and cache generic info repository 90 genericInfo = 91 ConstructorRepository.make(getSignature(), 92 getFactory()); 93 } 94 return genericInfo; //return cached repository 95 } 96 97 private volatile ConstructorAccessor constructorAccessor; 98 // For sharing of ConstructorAccessors. This branching structure 99 // is currently only two levels deep (i.e., one root Constructor 100 // and potentially many Constructor objects pointing to it.) 101 // 102 // If this branching structure would ever contain cycles, deadlocks can 103 // occur in annotation code. 104 private Constructor<T> root; 105 106 @Override 107 Constructor<T> getRoot() { 108 return root; 109 } 110 111 /** 112 * Package-private constructor used by ReflectAccess to enable 113 * instantiation of these objects in Java code from the java.lang 114 * package via sun.reflect.LangReflectAccess. 115 */ 116 Constructor(Class<T> declaringClass, 117 Class<?>[] parameterTypes, 118 Class<?>[] checkedExceptions, 119 int modifiers, 120 int slot, 121 String signature, 122 byte[] annotations, 123 byte[] parameterAnnotations) { 124 this.clazz = declaringClass; 125 this.parameterTypes = parameterTypes; 126 this.exceptionTypes = checkedExceptions; 127 this.modifiers = modifiers; 128 this.slot = slot; 129 this.signature = signature; 130 this.annotations = annotations; 131 this.parameterAnnotations = parameterAnnotations; 132 } 133 134 /** 135 * Package-private routine (exposed to java.lang.Class via 136 * ReflectAccess) which returns a copy of this Constructor. The copy's 137 * "root" field points to this Constructor. 138 */ 139 Constructor<T> copy() { 140 // This routine enables sharing of ConstructorAccessor objects 141 // among Constructor objects which refer to the same underlying 142 // method in the VM. (All of this contortion is only necessary 143 // because of the "accessibility" bit in AccessibleObject, 144 // which implicitly requires that new java.lang.reflect 145 // objects be fabricated for each reflective call on Class 146 // objects.) 147 if (this.root != null) 148 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Can not copy a non-root Constructor"); 149 150 Constructor<T> res = new Constructor<>(clazz, 151 parameterTypes, 152 exceptionTypes, modifiers, slot, 153 signature, 154 annotations, 155 parameterAnnotations); 156 res.root = this; 157 // Might as well eagerly propagate this if already present 158 res.constructorAccessor = constructorAccessor; 159 return res; 160 } 161 162 /** 163 * {@inheritDoc} 164 * 165 * <p> A {@code SecurityException} is also thrown if this object is a 166 * {@code Constructor} object for the class {@code Class} and {@code flag} 167 * is true. </p> 168 * 169 * @param flag {@inheritDoc} 170 * 171 * @throws InaccessibleObjectException {@inheritDoc} 172 * @throws SecurityException if the request is denied by the security manager 173 * or this is a constructor for {@code java.lang.Class} 174 * 175 * @spec JPMS 176 */ 177 @Override 178 @CallerSensitive 179 public void setAccessible(boolean flag) { 180 AccessibleObject.checkPermission(); 181 182 if (flag) { 183 if (clazz.isInlineClass()) { 184 throw new InaccessibleObjectException( 185 "Unable to make an inline class constructor \"" + this + "\" accessible"); 186 } 187 checkCanSetAccessible(Reflection.getCallerClass()); 188 } 189 setAccessible0(flag); 190 } 191 192 @Override 193 void checkCanSetAccessible(Class<?> caller) { 194 checkCanSetAccessible(caller, clazz); 195 if (clazz == Class.class) { 196 // can we change this to InaccessibleObjectException? 197 throw new SecurityException("Cannot make a java.lang.Class" 198 + " constructor accessible"); 199 } 200 } 201 202 @Override 203 boolean hasGenericInformation() { 204 return (getSignature() != null); 205 } 206 207 @Override 208 byte[] getAnnotationBytes() { 209 return annotations; 210 } 211 212 /** 213 * Returns the {@code Class} object representing the class that 214 * declares the constructor represented by this object. 215 */ 216 @Override 217 public Class<T> getDeclaringClass() { 218 return clazz; 219 } 220 221 /** 222 * Returns the name of this constructor, as a string. This is 223 * the binary name of the constructor's declaring class. 224 */ 225 @Override 226 public String getName() { 227 return getDeclaringClass().getName(); 228 } 229 230 /** 231 * {@inheritDoc} 232 */ 233 @Override 234 public int getModifiers() { 235 return modifiers; 236 } 237 238 /** 239 * {@inheritDoc} 240 * @throws GenericSignatureFormatError {@inheritDoc} 241 * @since 1.5 242 */ 243 @Override 244 @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes", "unchecked"}) 245 public TypeVariable<Constructor<T>>[] getTypeParameters() { 246 if (getSignature() != null) { 247 return (TypeVariable<Constructor<T>>[])getGenericInfo().getTypeParameters(); 248 } else 249 return (TypeVariable<Constructor<T>>[])new TypeVariable[0]; 250 } 251 252 253 @Override 254 Class<?>[] getSharedParameterTypes() { 255 return parameterTypes; 256 } 257 258 @Override 259 Class<?>[] getSharedExceptionTypes() { 260 return exceptionTypes; 261 } 262 263 /** 264 * {@inheritDoc} 265 */ 266 @Override 267 public Class<?>[] getParameterTypes() { 268 return parameterTypes.clone(); 269 } 270 271 /** 272 * {@inheritDoc} 273 * @since 1.8 274 */ 275 public int getParameterCount() { return parameterTypes.length; } 276 277 /** 278 * {@inheritDoc} 279 * @throws GenericSignatureFormatError {@inheritDoc} 280 * @throws TypeNotPresentException {@inheritDoc} 281 * @throws MalformedParameterizedTypeException {@inheritDoc} 282 * @since 1.5 283 */ 284 @Override 285 public Type[] getGenericParameterTypes() { 286 return super.getGenericParameterTypes(); 287 } 288 289 /** 290 * {@inheritDoc} 291 */ 292 @Override 293 public Class<?>[] getExceptionTypes() { 294 return exceptionTypes.clone(); 295 } 296 297 298 /** 299 * {@inheritDoc} 300 * @throws GenericSignatureFormatError {@inheritDoc} 301 * @throws TypeNotPresentException {@inheritDoc} 302 * @throws MalformedParameterizedTypeException {@inheritDoc} 303 * @since 1.5 304 */ 305 @Override 306 public Type[] getGenericExceptionTypes() { 307 return super.getGenericExceptionTypes(); 308 } 309 310 /** 311 * Compares this {@code Constructor} against the specified object. 312 * Returns true if the objects are the same. Two {@code Constructor} objects are 313 * the same if they were declared by the same class and have the 314 * same formal parameter types. 315 */ 316 public boolean equals(Object obj) { 317 if (obj != null && obj instanceof Constructor) { 318 Constructor<?> other = (Constructor<?>)obj; 319 if (getDeclaringClass() == other.getDeclaringClass()) { 320 return equalParamTypes(parameterTypes, other.parameterTypes); 321 } 322 } 323 return false; 324 } 325 326 /** 327 * Returns a hashcode for this {@code Constructor}. The hashcode is 328 * the same as the hashcode for the underlying constructor's 329 * declaring class name. 330 */ 331 public int hashCode() { 332 return getDeclaringClass().getName().hashCode(); 333 } 334 335 /** 336 * Returns a string describing this {@code Constructor}. The string is 337 * formatted as the constructor access modifiers, if any, 338 * followed by the fully-qualified name of the declaring class, 339 * followed by a parenthesized, comma-separated list of the 340 * constructor's formal parameter types. For example: 341 * <pre>{@code 342 * public java.util.Hashtable(int,float) 343 * }</pre> 344 * 345 * <p>If the constructor is declared to throw exceptions, the 346 * parameter list is followed by a space, followed by the word 347 * "{@code throws}" followed by a comma-separated list of the 348 * thrown exception types. 349 * 350 * <p>The only possible modifiers for constructors are the access 351 * modifiers {@code public}, {@code protected} or 352 * {@code private}. Only one of these may appear, or none if the 353 * constructor has default (package) access. 354 * 355 * @return a string describing this {@code Constructor} 356 * @jls 8.8.3 Constructor Modifiers 357 * @jls 8.9.2 Enum Body Declarations 358 */ 359 public String toString() { 360 return sharedToString(Modifier.constructorModifiers(), 361 false, 362 parameterTypes, 363 exceptionTypes); 364 } 365 366 @Override 367 void specificToStringHeader(StringBuilder sb) { 368 sb.append(getDeclaringClass().getTypeName()); 369 } 370 371 @Override 372 String toShortString() { 373 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("constructor "); 374 sb.append(getDeclaringClass().getTypeName()); 375 sb.append('('); 376 StringJoiner sj = new StringJoiner(","); 377 for (Class<?> parameterType : getParameterTypes()) { 378 sj.add(parameterType.getTypeName()); 379 } 380 sb.append(sj); 381 sb.append(')'); 382 return sb.toString(); 383 } 384 385 /** 386 * Returns a string describing this {@code Constructor}, 387 * including type parameters. The string is formatted as the 388 * constructor access modifiers, if any, followed by an 389 * angle-bracketed comma separated list of the constructor's type 390 * parameters, if any, including informative bounds of the 391 * type parameters, if any, followed by the fully-qualified name of the 392 * declaring class, followed by a parenthesized, comma-separated 393 * list of the constructor's generic formal parameter types. 394 * 395 * If this constructor was declared to take a variable number of 396 * arguments, instead of denoting the last parameter as 397 * "<code><i>Type</i>[]</code>", it is denoted as 398 * "<code><i>Type</i>...</code>". 399 * 400 * A space is used to separate access modifiers from one another 401 * and from the type parameters or class name. If there are no 402 * type parameters, the type parameter list is elided; if the type 403 * parameter list is present, a space separates the list from the 404 * class name. If the constructor is declared to throw 405 * exceptions, the parameter list is followed by a space, followed 406 * by the word "{@code throws}" followed by a 407 * comma-separated list of the generic thrown exception types. 408 * 409 * <p>The only possible modifiers for constructors are the access 410 * modifiers {@code public}, {@code protected} or 411 * {@code private}. Only one of these may appear, or none if the 412 * constructor has default (package) access. 413 * 414 * @return a string describing this {@code Constructor}, 415 * include type parameters 416 * 417 * @since 1.5 418 * @jls 8.8.3 Constructor Modifiers 419 * @jls 8.9.2 Enum Body Declarations 420 */ 421 @Override 422 public String toGenericString() { 423 return sharedToGenericString(Modifier.constructorModifiers(), false); 424 } 425 426 @Override 427 void specificToGenericStringHeader(StringBuilder sb) { 428 specificToStringHeader(sb); 429 } 430 431 /** 432 * Uses the constructor represented by this {@code Constructor} object to 433 * create and initialize a new instance of the constructor's 434 * declaring class, with the specified initialization parameters. 435 * Individual parameters are automatically unwrapped to match 436 * primitive formal parameters, and both primitive and reference 437 * parameters are subject to method invocation conversions as necessary. 438 * 439 * <p>If the number of formal parameters required by the underlying constructor 440 * is 0, the supplied {@code initargs} array may be of length 0 or null. 441 * 442 * <p>If the constructor's declaring class is an inner class in a 443 * non-static context, the first argument to the constructor needs 444 * to be the enclosing instance; see section 15.9.3 of 445 * <cite>The Java™ Language Specification</cite>. 446 * 447 * <p>If the required access and argument checks succeed and the 448 * instantiation will proceed, the constructor's declaring class 449 * is initialized if it has not already been initialized. 450 * 451 * <p>If the constructor completes normally, returns the newly 452 * created and initialized instance. 453 * 454 * @param initargs array of objects to be passed as arguments to 455 * the constructor call; values of primitive types are wrapped in 456 * a wrapper object of the appropriate type (e.g. a {@code float} 457 * in a {@link java.lang.Float Float}) 458 * 459 * @return a new object created by calling the constructor 460 * this object represents 461 * 462 * @exception IllegalAccessException if this {@code Constructor} object 463 * is enforcing Java language access control and the underlying 464 * constructor is inaccessible. 465 * @exception IllegalArgumentException if the number of actual 466 * and formal parameters differ; if an unwrapping 467 * conversion for primitive arguments fails; or if, 468 * after possible unwrapping, a parameter value 469 * cannot be converted to the corresponding formal 470 * parameter type by a method invocation conversion; if 471 * this constructor pertains to an enum type. 472 * @exception InstantiationException if the class that declares the 473 * underlying constructor represents an abstract class. 474 * @exception InvocationTargetException if the underlying constructor 475 * throws an exception. 476 * @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked 477 * by this method fails. 478 */ 479 @CallerSensitive 480 @ForceInline // to ensure Reflection.getCallerClass optimization 481 public T newInstance(Object ... initargs) 482 throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, 483 IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException 484 { 485 if (clazz.isInlineClass()) { 486 throw new IllegalAccessException( 487 "cannot create new instance of an inline class " + clazz.getName()); 488 } 489 Class<?> caller = override ? null : Reflection.getCallerClass(); 490 return newInstanceWithCaller(initargs, !override, caller); 491 } 492 493 /* package-private */ 494 T newInstanceWithCaller(Object[] args, boolean checkAccess, Class<?> caller) 495 throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, 496 InvocationTargetException 497 { 498 if (checkAccess) 499 checkAccess(caller, clazz, clazz, modifiers); 500 501 if ((clazz.getModifiers() & Modifier.ENUM) != 0) 502 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot reflectively create enum objects"); 503 504 ConstructorAccessor ca = constructorAccessor; // read volatile 505 if (ca == null) { 506 ca = acquireConstructorAccessor(); 507 } 508 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") 509 T inst = (T) ca.newInstance(args); 510 return inst; 511 } 512 513 /** 514 * {@inheritDoc} 515 * @since 1.5 516 */ 517 @Override 518 public boolean isVarArgs() { 519 return super.isVarArgs(); 520 } 521 522 /** 523 * {@inheritDoc} 524 * @jls 13.1 The Form of a Binary 525 * @since 1.5 526 */ 527 @Override 528 public boolean isSynthetic() { 529 return super.isSynthetic(); 530 } 531 532 // NOTE that there is no synchronization used here. It is correct 533 // (though not efficient) to generate more than one 534 // ConstructorAccessor for a given Constructor. However, avoiding 535 // synchronization will probably make the implementation more 536 // scalable. 537 private ConstructorAccessor acquireConstructorAccessor() { 538 // First check to see if one has been created yet, and take it 539 // if so. 540 ConstructorAccessor tmp = null; 541 if (root != null) tmp = root.getConstructorAccessor(); 542 if (tmp != null) { 543 constructorAccessor = tmp; 544 } else { 545 // Otherwise fabricate one and propagate it up to the root 546 tmp = reflectionFactory.newConstructorAccessor(this); 547 setConstructorAccessor(tmp); 548 } 549 550 return tmp; 551 } 552 553 // Returns ConstructorAccessor for this Constructor object, not 554 // looking up the chain to the root 555 ConstructorAccessor getConstructorAccessor() { 556 return constructorAccessor; 557 } 558 559 // Sets the ConstructorAccessor for this Constructor object and 560 // (recursively) its root 561 void setConstructorAccessor(ConstructorAccessor accessor) { 562 constructorAccessor = accessor; 563 // Propagate up 564 if (root != null) { 565 root.setConstructorAccessor(accessor); 566 } 567 } 568 569 int getSlot() { 570 return slot; 571 } 572 573 String getSignature() { 574 return signature; 575 } 576 577 byte[] getRawAnnotations() { 578 return annotations; 579 } 580 581 byte[] getRawParameterAnnotations() { 582 return parameterAnnotations; 583 } 584 585 586 /** 587 * {@inheritDoc} 588 * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc} 589 * @since 1.5 590 */ 591 public <T extends Annotation> T getAnnotation(Class<T> annotationClass) { 592 return super.getAnnotation(annotationClass); 593 } 594 595 /** 596 * {@inheritDoc} 597 * @since 1.5 598 */ 599 public Annotation[] getDeclaredAnnotations() { 600 return super.getDeclaredAnnotations(); 601 } 602 603 /** 604 * {@inheritDoc} 605 * @since 1.5 606 */ 607 @Override 608 public Annotation[][] getParameterAnnotations() { 609 return sharedGetParameterAnnotations(parameterTypes, parameterAnnotations); 610 } 611 612 @Override 613 boolean handleParameterNumberMismatch(int resultLength, int numParameters) { 614 Class<?> declaringClass = getDeclaringClass(); 615 if (declaringClass.isEnum() || 616 declaringClass.isAnonymousClass() || 617 declaringClass.isLocalClass() ) 618 return false; // Can't do reliable parameter counting 619 else { 620 if (declaringClass.isMemberClass() && 621 ((declaringClass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) && 622 resultLength + 1 == numParameters) { 623 return true; 624 } else { 625 throw new AnnotationFormatError( 626 "Parameter annotations don't match number of parameters"); 627 } 628 } 629 } 630 631 /** 632 * {@inheritDoc} 633 * @since 1.8 634 */ 635 @Override 636 public AnnotatedType getAnnotatedReturnType() { 637 return getAnnotatedReturnType0(getDeclaringClass()); 638 } 639 640 /** 641 * {@inheritDoc} 642 * @since 1.8 643 */ 644 @Override 645 public AnnotatedType getAnnotatedReceiverType() { 646 Class<?> thisDeclClass = getDeclaringClass(); 647 Class<?> enclosingClass = thisDeclClass.getEnclosingClass(); 648 649 if (enclosingClass == null) { 650 // A Constructor for a top-level class 651 return null; 652 } 653 654 Class<?> outerDeclaringClass = thisDeclClass.getDeclaringClass(); 655 if (outerDeclaringClass == null) { 656 // A constructor for a local or anonymous class 657 return null; 658 } 659 660 // Either static nested or inner class 661 if (Modifier.isStatic(thisDeclClass.getModifiers())) { 662 // static nested 663 return null; 664 } 665 666 // A Constructor for an inner class 667 return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedType(getTypeAnnotationBytes0(), 668 SharedSecrets.getJavaLangAccess(). 669 getConstantPool(thisDeclClass), 670 this, 671 thisDeclClass, 672 enclosingClass, 673 TypeAnnotation.TypeAnnotationTarget.METHOD_RECEIVER); 674 } 675 }