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! accompanied this code).
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!
! Provides the API for accessing and processing data stored in a
! data source (usually a relational database) using the
! Java™ programming language.
! This API includes a framework whereby different
! drivers can be installed dynamically to access different data sources.
! Although the JDBC™ API is mainly geared
! to passing SQL statements to a database, it provides for reading and
! writing data from any data source with a tabular format.
! The reader/writer facility, available through the
! <code>javax.sql.RowSet</code> group of interfaces, can be customized to
! use and update data from a spread sheet, flat file, or any other tabular
! data source.
!
! <h2>What the JDBC™ 4.3 API Includes</h2>
! The JDBC™ 4.3 API includes both
! the <code>java.sql</code> package, referred to as the JDBC core API,
! and the <code>javax.sql</code> package, referred to as the JDBC Optional
! Package API. This complete JDBC API
! is included in the Java™ Standard Edition (Java SE™), version 7.
! The <code>javax.sql</code> package extends the functionality of the JDBC API
! from a client-side API to a server-side API, and it is an essential part
! of the Java™ Enterprise Edition
! (Java EE™) technology.
!
! <h2>Versions</h2>
! The JDBC 4.3 API incorporates all of the previous JDBC API versions:
! <UL>
! <LI> The JDBC 4.2 API</li>
! <LI> The JDBC 4.1 API</li>
! <LI> The JDBC 4.0 API</li>
! <LI> The JDBC 3.0 API</li>
! <LI> The JDBC 2.1 core API</li>
! <LI> The JDBC 2.0 Optional Package API<br>
! (Note that the JDBC 2.1 core API and the JDBC 2.0 Optional Package
! API together are referred to as the JDBC 2.0 API.)</li>
! <LI> The JDBC 1.2 API</li>
! <LI> The JDBC 1.0 API</li>
! </UL>
! <P>
! Classes, interfaces, methods, fields, constructors, and exceptions
! have the following "since" tags that indicate when they were introduced
! into the Java platform. When these "since" tags are used in
! Javadoc™ comments for the JDBC API,
! they indicate the following:
! <UL>
! <LI>Since 9 -- new in the JDBC 4.3 API and part of the Java SE platform,
! version 9</li>
! <LI>Since 1.8 -- new in the JDBC 4.2 API and part of the Java SE platform,
! version 8</li>
! <LI>Since 1.7 -- new in the JDBC 4.1 API and part of the Java SE platform,
! version 7</li>
! <LI>Since 1.6 -- new in the JDBC 4.0 API and part of the Java SE platform,
! version 6</li>
! <LI>Since 1.4 -- new in the JDBC 3.0 API and part of the J2SE platform,
! version 1.4</li>
! <LI>Since 1.2 -- new in the JDBC 2.0 API and part of the J2SE platform,
! version 1.2</li>
! <LI>Since 1.1 or no "since" tag -- in the original JDBC 1.0 API and part of
! the JDK™, version 1.1</li>
! </UL>
! <P>
! <b>NOTE:</b> Many of the new features are optional; consequently, there is
! some variation in drivers and the features they support. Always
! check your driver's documentation to see whether it supports a feature before
! you try to use it.
! <P>
! <b>NOTE:</b> The class <code>SQLPermission</code> was added in the
! Java™ 2 SDK, Standard Edition,
! version 1.3 release. This class is used to prevent unauthorized
! access to the logging stream associated with the <code>DriverManager</code>,
! which may contain information such as table names, column data, and so on.
!
! <h2>What the <code>java.sql</code> Package Contains</h2>
! The <code>java.sql</code> package contains API for the following:
! <UL>
! <LI>Making a connection with a database via the <code>DriverManager</code> facility
! <UL>
! <LI><code>DriverManager</code> class -- makes a connection with a driver
! <LI><code>SQLPermission</code> class -- provides permission when code
! running within a Security Manager, such as an applet,
! attempts to set up a logging stream through the
! <code>DriverManager</code>
! <LI><code>Driver</code> interface -- provides the API for registering
! and connecting drivers based on JDBC technology ("JDBC drivers");
! generally used only by the <code>DriverManager</code> class
! <LI><code>DriverPropertyInfo</code> class -- provides properties for a
! JDBC driver; not used by the general user
! </UL>
! <LI>Sending SQL statements to a database
! <UL>
! <LI><code>Statement</code> -- used to send basic SQL statements
! <LI><code>PreparedStatement</code> -- used to send prepared statements or
! basic SQL statements (derived from <code>Statement</code>)
! <LI><code>CallableStatement</code> -- used to call database stored
! procedures (derived from <code>PreparedStatement</code>)
! <LI><code>Connection</code> interface -- provides methods for creating
! statements and managing connections and their properties
! <LI><code>Savepoint</code> -- provides savepoints in a transaction
!
! </UL>
! <LI>Retrieving and updating the results of a query
! <UL>
! <LI><code>ResultSet</code> interface
! </UL>
! <LI>Standard mappings for SQL types to classes and interfaces in the
! Java programming language
! <UL>
! <LI><code>Array</code> interface -- mapping for SQL <code>ARRAY</code>
! <LI><code>Blob</code> interface -- mapping for SQL <code>BLOB</code>
! <LI><code>Clob</code> interface -- mapping for SQL <code>CLOB</code>
! <LI><code>Date</code> class -- mapping for SQL <code>DATE</code>
! <LI><code>NClob</code> interface -- mapping for SQL <code>NCLOB</code>
! <LI><code>Ref</code> interface -- mapping for SQL <code>REF</code>
! <LI><code>RowId</code> interface -- mapping for SQL <code>ROWID</code>
! <LI><code>Struct</code> interface -- mapping for SQL <code>STRUCT</code>
! <LI><code>SQLXML</code> interface -- mapping for SQL <code>XML</code>
! <LI><code>Time</code> class -- mapping for SQL <code>TIME</code>
! <LI><code>Timestamp</code> class -- mapping for SQL <code>TIMESTAMP</code>
! <LI><code>Types</code> class -- provides constants for SQL types
! </UL>
! <LI>Custom mapping an SQL user-defined type (UDT) to a class in the
! Java programming language
! <UL>
! <LI><code>SQLData</code> interface -- specifies the mapping of
! a UDT to an instance of this class
! <LI><code>SQLInput</code> interface -- provides methods for reading
! UDT attributes from a stream
! <LI><code>SQLOutput</code> interface -- provides methods for writing
! UDT attributes back to a stream
! </UL>
! <LI>Metadata
! <UL>
! <LI><code>DatabaseMetaData</code> interface -- provides information
! about the database
! <LI><code>ResultSetMetaData</code> interface -- provides information
! about the columns of a <code>ResultSet</code> object
! <LI><code>ParameterMetaData</code> interface -- provides information
! about the parameters to <code>PreparedStatement</code> commands
! </UL>
! <LI>Exceptions
! <UL>
! <LI><code>SQLException</code> -- thrown by most methods when there
! is a problem accessing data and by some methods for other reasons
! <LI><code>SQLWarning</code> -- thrown to indicate a warning
! <LI><code>DataTruncation</code> -- thrown to indicate that data may have
! been truncated
! <LI><code>BatchUpdateException</code> -- thrown to indicate that not all
! commands in a batch update executed successfully
! </UL>
! </UL>
!
! <h3><code>java.sql</code> and <code>javax.sql</code> Features Introduced in the JDBC 4.3 API</h3>
! <UL>
! <LI>Added <code>Sharding</code> support</LI>
! <LI>Enhanced <code>Connection</code> to be able to provide hints
! to the driver that a request, an independent unit of work,
! is beginning or ending</LI>
! <LI>Enhanced <code>DatabaseMetaData</code> to determine if Sharding is
! supported</LI>
! <LI>Added the method <code>drivers</code> to <code>DriverManager</code>
! to return a Stream of the currently loaded and
! available JDBC drivers</LI>
! <LI>Added support to <code>Statement</code> for enquoting literals
! and simple identifiers</LI>
! <LI>Clarified the Java SE version that methods were deprecated</LI>
! </UL>
!
! <h3><code>java.sql</code> and <code>javax.sql</code> Features Introduced in the JDBC 4.2 API</h3>
! <UL>
! <LI>Added <code>JDBCType</code> enum and <code>SQLType</code> interface</li>
! <LI>Support for <code>REF CURSORS</code> in <code>CallableStatement</code>
! </LI>
! <LI><code>DatabaseMetaData</code> methods to return maximum Logical LOB size
! and if Ref Cursors are supported</LI>
! <LI>Added support for large update counts</LI>
!
! </UL>
!
! <h3><code>java.sql</code> and <code>javax.sql</code> Features Introduced in the JDBC 4.1 API</h3>
! <UL>
! <LI>Allow <code>Connection</code>,
! <code>ResultSet</code> and <code>Statement</code> objects to be
! used with the try-with-resources statement</LI>
! <LI>Support added to <code>CallableStatement</code> and
! <code>ResultSet</code> to specify the Java type to convert to via the
! <code>getObject</code> method</LI>
! <LI><code>DatabaseMetaData</code> methods to return PseudoColumns and if a
! generated key is always returned</LI>
! <LI>Added support to <code>Connection</code> to specify a database schema,
! abort and timeout a physical connection.</LI>
! <LI>Added support to close a <code>Statement</code> object when its dependent
! objects have been closed</LI>
! <LI>Support for obtaining the parent logger for a <code>Driver</code>,
! <code>DataSource</code>, <code>ConnectionPoolDataSource</code> and
! <code>XADataSource</code></LI>
!
! </UL>
! <h3><code>java.sql</code> and <code>javax.sql</code> Features Introduced in the JDBC 4.0 API</h3>
! <UL>
! <LI>auto java.sql.Driver discovery -- no longer need to load a
! <code>java.sql.Driver</code> class via <code>Class.forName</code>
! <LI>National Character Set support added
! <li>Support added for the SQL:2003 XML data type
! <lI>SQLException enhancements -- Added support for cause chaining; New SQLExceptions
! added for common SQLState class value codes
! <li>Enhanced Blob/Clob functionality -- Support provided to create and free a Blob/Clob instance
! as well as additional methods added to improve accessibility
! <li>Support added for accessing a SQL ROWID
! <li>Support added to allow a JDBC application to access an instance of a JDBC resource
! that has been wrapped by a vendor, usually in an application server or connection
! pooling environment.
! <li>Availability to be notified when a <code>PreparedStatement</code> that is associated
! with a <code>PooledConnection</code> has been closed or the driver determines is invalid
!
!
! </UL>
!
!
! <h3><code>java.sql</code> and <code>javax.sql</code> Features Introduced in the JDBC 3.0 API</h3>
! <UL>
! <LI>Pooled statements -- reuse of statements associated with a pooled
! connection
! <LI>Savepoints -- allow a transaction to be rolled back to a designated
! savepoint
! <LI>Properties defined for <code>ConnectionPoolDataSource</code> -- specify
! how connections are to be pooled
! <LI>Metadata for parameters of a <code>PreparedStatement</code> object
! <LI>Ability to retrieve values from automatically generated columns
! <LI>Ability to have multiple <code>ResultSet</code> objects
! returned from <code>CallableStatement</code> objects open at the
! same time
! <LI>Ability to identify parameters to <code>CallableStatement</code>
! objects by name as well as by index
! <LI><code>ResultSet</code> holdability -- ability to specify whether cursors
! should be held open or closed at the end of a transaction
! <LI>Ability to retrieve and update the SQL structured type instance that a
! <code>Ref</code> object references
! <LI>Ability to programmatically update <code>BLOB</code>,
! <code>CLOB</code>, <code>ARRAY</code>, and <code>REF</code> values.
! <LI>Addition of the <code>java.sql.Types.DATALINK</code> data type --
! allows JDBC drivers access to objects stored outside a data source
! <LI>Addition of metadata for retrieving SQL type hierarchies
! </UL>
!
! <h3><code>java.sql</code> Features Introduced in the JDBC 2.1 Core API</h3>
! <UL>
! <LI>Scrollable result sets--using new methods in the <code>ResultSet</code>
! interface that allow the cursor to be moved to a particular row or to a
! position relative to its current position
! <LI>Batch updates
! <LI>Programmatic updates--using <code>ResultSet</code> updater methods
! <LI>New data types--interfaces mapping the SQL3 data types
! <LI>Custom mapping of user-defined types (UDTs)
! <LI>Miscellaneous features, including performance hints, the use of character
! streams, full precision for <code>java.math.BigDecimal</code> values,
! additional security, and
! support for time zones in date, time, and timestamp values.
! </UL>
!
! <h3><code>javax.sql</code> Features Introduced in the JDBC 2.0 Optional
! Package API</h3>
! <UL>
! <LI>The <code>DataSource</code> interface as a means of making a connection. The
! Java Naming and Directory Interface™
! (JNDI) is used for registering a <code>DataSource</code> object with a
! naming service and also for retrieving it.
! <LI>Pooled connections -- allowing connections to be used and reused
! <LI>Distributed transactions -- allowing a transaction to span diverse
! DBMS servers
! <LI><code>RowSet</code> technology -- providing a convenient means of
! handling and passing data
! </UL>
!
!
! <h3>Custom Mapping of UDTs</h3>
! A user-defined type (UDT) defined in SQL can be mapped to a class in the Java
! programming language. An SQL structured type or an SQL <code>DISTINCT</code>
! type are the UDTs that may be custom mapped. The following three
! steps set up a custom mapping:
! <ol>
! <li>Defining the SQL structured type or <code>DISTINCT</code> type in SQL
! <li>Defining the class in the Java programming language to which the
! SQL UDT will be mapped. This class must implement the
! <code>SQLData</code> interface.
! <li>Making an entry in a <code>Connection</code> object's type map
! that contains two things:
! <ul>
! <li>the fully-qualified SQL name of the UDT
! <li>the <code>Class</code> object for the class that implements the
! <code>SQLData</code> interface
! </ul>
! </ol>
! <p>
! When these are in place for a UDT, calling the methods
! <code>ResultSet.getObject</code> or <code>CallableStatement.getObject</code>
! on that UDT will automatically retrieve the custom mapping for it. Also, the
! <code>PreparedStatement.setObject</code> method will automatically map the
! object back to its SQL type to store it in the data source.
!
! <h2>Package Specification</h2>
!
! <ul>
! <li><a href="https://jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=221">JDBC 4.3 Specification</a>
! </ul>
!
! <h2>Related Documentation</h2>
!
! <ul>
! <li><a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/jdbc/basics/index.html">
! Lesson:JDBC Basics(The Javaxx Tutorials > JDBC™ Database Access)</a>
!
! <li><a href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/index-142838.html">
! <i>JDBC™ API Tutorial and Reference, Third Edition</i></a>
! </ul>
!
! </body>
! </html>
--- 1,343 ----
! /*
! * Copyright (c) 1998, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
! * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
! *
! * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
! * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
! * published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
! * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
! * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
! *
! * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
! * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
! * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
! * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
! * accompanied this code).
! *
! * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
! * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
! * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
! *
! * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
! * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
! * questions.
! */
!
! /**
! *
! * Provides the API for accessing and processing data stored in a
! * data source (usually a relational database) using the
! * Java™ programming language.
! * This API includes a framework whereby different
! * drivers can be installed dynamically to access different data sources.
! * Although the JDBC™ API is mainly geared
! * to passing SQL statements to a database, it provides for reading and
! * writing data from any data source with a tabular format.
! * The reader/writer facility, available through the
! * <code>javax.sql.RowSet</code> group of interfaces, can be customized to
! * use and update data from a spread sheet, flat file, or any other tabular
! * data source.
! *
! * <h2>What the JDBC™ 4.3 API Includes</h2>
! * The JDBC™ 4.3 API includes both
! * the <code>java.sql</code> package, referred to as the JDBC core API,
! * and the <code>javax.sql</code> package, referred to as the JDBC Optional
! * Package API. This complete JDBC API
! * is included in the Java™ Standard Edition (Java SE™), version 7.
! * The <code>javax.sql</code> package extends the functionality of the JDBC API
! * from a client-side API to a server-side API, and it is an essential part
! * of the Java™ Enterprise Edition
! * (Java EE™) technology.
! *
! * <h2>Versions</h2>
! * The JDBC 4.3 API incorporates all of the previous JDBC API versions:
! * <UL>
! * <LI> The JDBC 4.2 API</li>
! * <LI> The JDBC 4.1 API</li>
! * <LI> The JDBC 4.0 API</li>
! * <LI> The JDBC 3.0 API</li>
! * <LI> The JDBC 2.1 core API</li>
! * <LI> The JDBC 2.0 Optional Package API<br>
! * (Note that the JDBC 2.1 core API and the JDBC 2.0 Optional Package
! * API together are referred to as the JDBC 2.0 API.)</li>
! * <LI> The JDBC 1.2 API</li>
! * <LI> The JDBC 1.0 API</li>
! * </UL>
! * <P>
! * Classes, interfaces, methods, fields, constructors, and exceptions
! * have the following "since" tags that indicate when they were introduced
! * into the Java platform. When these "since" tags are used in
! * Javadoc™ comments for the JDBC API,
! * they indicate the following:
! * <UL>
! * <LI>Since 9 -- new in the JDBC 4.3 API and part of the Java SE platform,
! * version 9</li>
! * <LI>Since 1.8 -- new in the JDBC 4.2 API and part of the Java SE platform,
! * version 8</li>
! * <LI>Since 1.7 -- new in the JDBC 4.1 API and part of the Java SE platform,
! * version 7</li>
! * <LI>Since 1.6 -- new in the JDBC 4.0 API and part of the Java SE platform,
! * version 6</li>
! * <LI>Since 1.4 -- new in the JDBC 3.0 API and part of the J2SE platform,
! * version 1.4</li>
! * <LI>Since 1.2 -- new in the JDBC 2.0 API and part of the J2SE platform,
! * version 1.2</li>
! * <LI>Since 1.1 or no "since" tag -- in the original JDBC 1.0 API and part of
! * the JDK™, version 1.1</li>
! * </UL>
! * <P>
! * <b>NOTE:</b> Many of the new features are optional; consequently, there is
! * some variation in drivers and the features they support. Always
! * check your driver's documentation to see whether it supports a feature before
! * you try to use it.
! * <P>
! * <b>NOTE:</b> The class <code>SQLPermission</code> was added in the
! * Java™ 2 SDK, Standard Edition,
! * version 1.3 release. This class is used to prevent unauthorized
! * access to the logging stream associated with the <code>DriverManager</code>,
! * which may contain information such as table names, column data, and so on.
! *
! * <h2>What the <code>java.sql</code> Package Contains</h2>
! * The <code>java.sql</code> package contains API for the following:
! * <UL>
! * <LI>Making a connection with a database via the <code>DriverManager</code> facility
! * <UL>
! * <LI><code>DriverManager</code> class -- makes a connection with a driver
! * <LI><code>SQLPermission</code> class -- provides permission when code
! * running within a Security Manager, such as an applet,
! * attempts to set up a logging stream through the
! * <code>DriverManager</code>
! * <LI><code>Driver</code> interface -- provides the API for registering
! * and connecting drivers based on JDBC technology ("JDBC drivers");
! * generally used only by the <code>DriverManager</code> class
! * <LI><code>DriverPropertyInfo</code> class -- provides properties for a
! * JDBC driver; not used by the general user
! * </UL>
! * <LI>Sending SQL statements to a database
! * <UL>
! * <LI><code>Statement</code> -- used to send basic SQL statements
! * <LI><code>PreparedStatement</code> -- used to send prepared statements or
! * basic SQL statements (derived from <code>Statement</code>)
! * <LI><code>CallableStatement</code> -- used to call database stored
! * procedures (derived from <code>PreparedStatement</code>)
! * <LI><code>Connection</code> interface -- provides methods for creating
! * statements and managing connections and their properties
! * <LI><code>Savepoint</code> -- provides savepoints in a transaction
! *
! * </UL>
! * <LI>Retrieving and updating the results of a query
! * <UL>
! * <LI><code>ResultSet</code> interface
! * </UL>
! * <LI>Standard mappings for SQL types to classes and interfaces in the
! * Java programming language
! * <UL>
! * <LI><code>Array</code> interface -- mapping for SQL <code>ARRAY</code>
! * <LI><code>Blob</code> interface -- mapping for SQL <code>BLOB</code>
! * <LI><code>Clob</code> interface -- mapping for SQL <code>CLOB</code>
! * <LI><code>Date</code> class -- mapping for SQL <code>DATE</code>
! * <LI><code>NClob</code> interface -- mapping for SQL <code>NCLOB</code>
! * <LI><code>Ref</code> interface -- mapping for SQL <code>REF</code>
! * <LI><code>RowId</code> interface -- mapping for SQL <code>ROWID</code>
! * <LI><code>Struct</code> interface -- mapping for SQL <code>STRUCT</code>
! * <LI><code>SQLXML</code> interface -- mapping for SQL <code>XML</code>
! * <LI><code>Time</code> class -- mapping for SQL <code>TIME</code>
! * <LI><code>Timestamp</code> class -- mapping for SQL <code>TIMESTAMP</code>
! * <LI><code>Types</code> class -- provides constants for SQL types
! * </UL>
! * <LI>Custom mapping an SQL user-defined type (UDT) to a class in the
! * Java programming language
! * <UL>
! * <LI><code>SQLData</code> interface -- specifies the mapping of
! * a UDT to an instance of this class
! * <LI><code>SQLInput</code> interface -- provides methods for reading
! * UDT attributes from a stream
! * <LI><code>SQLOutput</code> interface -- provides methods for writing
! * UDT attributes back to a stream
! * </UL>
! * <LI>Metadata
! * <UL>
! * <LI><code>DatabaseMetaData</code> interface -- provides information
! * about the database
! * <LI><code>ResultSetMetaData</code> interface -- provides information
! * about the columns of a <code>ResultSet</code> object
! * <LI><code>ParameterMetaData</code> interface -- provides information
! * about the parameters to <code>PreparedStatement</code> commands
! * </UL>
! * <LI>Exceptions
! * <UL>
! * <LI><code>SQLException</code> -- thrown by most methods when there
! * is a problem accessing data and by some methods for other reasons
! * <LI><code>SQLWarning</code> -- thrown to indicate a warning
! * <LI><code>DataTruncation</code> -- thrown to indicate that data may have
! * been truncated
! * <LI><code>BatchUpdateException</code> -- thrown to indicate that not all
! * commands in a batch update executed successfully
! * </UL>
! * </UL>
! *
! * <h3><code>java.sql</code> and <code>javax.sql</code> Features Introduced in the JDBC 4.3 API</h3>
! * <UL>
! * <LI>Added <code>Sharding</code> support</LI>
! * <LI>Enhanced <code>Connection</code> to be able to provide hints
! * to the driver that a request, an independent unit of work,
! * is beginning or ending</LI>
! * <LI>Enhanced <code>DatabaseMetaData</code> to determine if Sharding is
! * supported</LI>
! * <LI>Added the method <code>drivers</code> to <code>DriverManager</code>
! * to return a Stream of the currently loaded and
! * available JDBC drivers</LI>
! * <LI>Added support to <code>Statement</code> for enquoting literals
! * and simple identifiers</LI>
! * <LI>Clarified the Java SE version that methods were deprecated</LI>
! * </UL>
! *
! * <h3><code>java.sql</code> and <code>javax.sql</code> Features Introduced in the JDBC 4.2 API</h3>
! * <UL>
! * <LI>Added <code>JDBCType</code> enum and <code>SQLType</code> interface</li>
! * <LI>Support for <code>REF CURSORS</code> in <code>CallableStatement</code>
! * </LI>
! * <LI><code>DatabaseMetaData</code> methods to return maximum Logical LOB size
! * and if Ref Cursors are supported</LI>
! * <LI>Added support for large update counts</LI>
! *
! * </UL>
! *
! * <h3><code>java.sql</code> and <code>javax.sql</code> Features Introduced in the JDBC 4.1 API</h3>
! * <UL>
! * <LI>Allow <code>Connection</code>,
! * <code>ResultSet</code> and <code>Statement</code> objects to be
! * used with the try-with-resources statement</LI>
! * <LI>Support added to <code>CallableStatement</code> and
! * <code>ResultSet</code> to specify the Java type to convert to via the
! * <code>getObject</code> method</LI>
! * <LI><code>DatabaseMetaData</code> methods to return PseudoColumns and if a
! * generated key is always returned</LI>
! * <LI>Added support to <code>Connection</code> to specify a database schema,
! * abort and timeout a physical connection.</LI>
! * <LI>Added support to close a <code>Statement</code> object when its dependent
! * objects have been closed</LI>
! * <LI>Support for obtaining the parent logger for a <code>Driver</code>,
! * <code>DataSource</code>, <code>ConnectionPoolDataSource</code> and
! * <code>XADataSource</code></LI>
! *
! * </UL>
! * <h3><code>java.sql</code> and <code>javax.sql</code> Features Introduced in the JDBC 4.0 API</h3>
! * <UL>
! * <LI>auto java.sql.Driver discovery -- no longer need to load a
! * <code>java.sql.Driver</code> class via <code>Class.forName</code>
! * <LI>National Character Set support added
! * <li>Support added for the SQL:2003 XML data type
! * <lI>SQLException enhancements -- Added support for cause chaining; New SQLExceptions
! * added for common SQLState class value codes
! * <li>Enhanced Blob/Clob functionality -- Support provided to create and free a Blob/Clob instance
! * as well as additional methods added to improve accessibility
! * <li>Support added for accessing a SQL ROWID
! * <li>Support added to allow a JDBC application to access an instance of a JDBC resource
! * that has been wrapped by a vendor, usually in an application server or connection
! * pooling environment.
! * <li>Availability to be notified when a <code>PreparedStatement</code> that is associated
! * with a <code>PooledConnection</code> has been closed or the driver determines is invalid
! *
! *
! * </UL>
! *
! *
! * <h3><code>java.sql</code> and <code>javax.sql</code> Features Introduced in the JDBC 3.0 API</h3>
! * <UL>
! * <LI>Pooled statements -- reuse of statements associated with a pooled
! * connection
! * <LI>Savepoints -- allow a transaction to be rolled back to a designated
! * savepoint
! * <LI>Properties defined for <code>ConnectionPoolDataSource</code> -- specify
! * how connections are to be pooled
! * <LI>Metadata for parameters of a <code>PreparedStatement</code> object
! * <LI>Ability to retrieve values from automatically generated columns
! * <LI>Ability to have multiple <code>ResultSet</code> objects
! * returned from <code>CallableStatement</code> objects open at the
! * same time
! * <LI>Ability to identify parameters to <code>CallableStatement</code>
! * objects by name as well as by index
! * <LI><code>ResultSet</code> holdability -- ability to specify whether cursors
! * should be held open or closed at the end of a transaction
! * <LI>Ability to retrieve and update the SQL structured type instance that a
! * <code>Ref</code> object references
! * <LI>Ability to programmatically update <code>BLOB</code>,
! * <code>CLOB</code>, <code>ARRAY</code>, and <code>REF</code> values.
! * <LI>Addition of the <code>java.sql.Types.DATALINK</code> data type --
! * allows JDBC drivers access to objects stored outside a data source
! * <LI>Addition of metadata for retrieving SQL type hierarchies
! * </UL>
! *
! * <h3><code>java.sql</code> Features Introduced in the JDBC 2.1 Core API</h3>
! * <UL>
! * <LI>Scrollable result sets--using new methods in the <code>ResultSet</code>
! * interface that allow the cursor to be moved to a particular row or to a
! * position relative to its current position
! * <LI>Batch updates
! * <LI>Programmatic updates--using <code>ResultSet</code> updater methods
! * <LI>New data types--interfaces mapping the SQL3 data types
! * <LI>Custom mapping of user-defined types (UDTs)
! * <LI>Miscellaneous features, including performance hints, the use of character
! * streams, full precision for <code>java.math.BigDecimal</code> values,
! * additional security, and
! * support for time zones in date, time, and timestamp values.
! * </UL>
! *
! * <h3><code>javax.sql</code> Features Introduced in the JDBC 2.0 Optional
! * Package API</h3>
! * <UL>
! * <LI>The <code>DataSource</code> interface as a means of making a connection. The
! * Java Naming and Directory Interface™
! * (JNDI) is used for registering a <code>DataSource</code> object with a
! * naming service and also for retrieving it.
! * <LI>Pooled connections -- allowing connections to be used and reused
! * <LI>Distributed transactions -- allowing a transaction to span diverse
! * DBMS servers
! * <LI><code>RowSet</code> technology -- providing a convenient means of
! * handling and passing data
! * </UL>
! *
! *
! * <h3>Custom Mapping of UDTs</h3>
! * A user-defined type (UDT) defined in SQL can be mapped to a class in the Java
! * programming language. An SQL structured type or an SQL <code>DISTINCT</code>
! * type are the UDTs that may be custom mapped. The following three
! * steps set up a custom mapping:
! * <ol>
! * <li>Defining the SQL structured type or <code>DISTINCT</code> type in SQL
! * <li>Defining the class in the Java programming language to which the
! * SQL UDT will be mapped. This class must implement the
! * <code>SQLData</code> interface.
! * <li>Making an entry in a <code>Connection</code> object's type map
! * that contains two things:
! * <ul>
! * <li>the fully-qualified SQL name of the UDT
! * <li>the <code>Class</code> object for the class that implements the
! * <code>SQLData</code> interface
! * </ul>
! * </ol>
! * <p>
! * When these are in place for a UDT, calling the methods
! * <code>ResultSet.getObject</code> or <code>CallableStatement.getObject</code>
! * on that UDT will automatically retrieve the custom mapping for it. Also, the
! * <code>PreparedStatement.setObject</code> method will automatically map the
! * object back to its SQL type to store it in the data source.
! *
! * <h2>Package Specification</h2>
! *
! * <ul>
! * <li><a href="https://jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=221">JDBC 4.3 Specification</a>
! * </ul>
! *
! * <h2>Related Documentation</h2>
! *
! * <ul>
! * <li><a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/jdbc/basics/index.html">
! * Lesson:JDBC Basics(The Javaxx Tutorials > JDBC™ Database Access)</a>
! *
! * <li><a href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/index-142838.html">
! * <i>JDBC™ API Tutorial and Reference, Third Edition</i></a>
! * </ul>
! */
! package java.sql;
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