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*** 1,351 **** ! <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN"> ! <html> ! <head> ! <!-- ! Copyright (c) 1998, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. ! DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. ! ! This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it ! under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as ! published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this ! particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided ! by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. ! ! This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ! ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or ! FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License ! version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that ! accompanied this code). ! ! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version ! 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, ! Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. ! ! Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA ! or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any ! questions. ! --> ! ! </head> ! ! ! ! <body bgcolor="white"> ! ! Provides the API for accessing and processing data stored in a ! data source (usually a relational database) using the ! Java&trade; programming language. ! This API includes a framework whereby different ! drivers can be installed dynamically to access different data sources. ! Although the JDBC&trade; API is mainly geared ! to passing SQL statements to a database, it provides for reading and ! writing data from any data source with a tabular format. ! The reader/writer facility, available through the ! <code>javax.sql.RowSet</code> group of interfaces, can be customized to ! use and update data from a spread sheet, flat file, or any other tabular ! data source. ! ! <h2>What the JDBC&trade; 4.3 API Includes</h2> ! The JDBC&trade; 4.3 API includes both ! the <code>java.sql</code> package, referred to as the JDBC core API, ! and the <code>javax.sql</code> package, referred to as the JDBC Optional ! Package API. This complete JDBC API ! is included in the Java&trade; Standard Edition (Java SE&trade;), version 7. ! The <code>javax.sql</code> package extends the functionality of the JDBC API ! from a client-side API to a server-side API, and it is an essential part ! of the Java&trade; Enterprise Edition ! (Java EE&trade;) technology. ! ! <h2>Versions</h2> ! The JDBC 4.3 API incorporates all of the previous JDBC API versions: ! <UL> ! <LI> The JDBC 4.2 API</li> ! <LI> The JDBC 4.1 API</li> ! <LI> The JDBC 4.0 API</li> ! <LI> The JDBC 3.0 API</li> ! <LI> The JDBC 2.1 core API</li> ! <LI> The JDBC 2.0 Optional Package API<br> ! (Note that the JDBC 2.1 core API and the JDBC 2.0 Optional Package ! API together are referred to as the JDBC 2.0 API.)</li> ! <LI> The JDBC 1.2 API</li> ! <LI> The JDBC 1.0 API</li> ! </UL> ! <P> ! Classes, interfaces, methods, fields, constructors, and exceptions ! have the following "since" tags that indicate when they were introduced ! into the Java platform. When these "since" tags are used in ! Javadoc&trade; comments for the JDBC API, ! they indicate the following: ! <UL> ! <LI>Since 9 -- new in the JDBC 4.3 API and part of the Java SE platform, ! version 9</li> ! <LI>Since 1.8 -- new in the JDBC 4.2 API and part of the Java SE platform, ! version 8</li> ! <LI>Since 1.7 -- new in the JDBC 4.1 API and part of the Java SE platform, ! version 7</li> ! <LI>Since 1.6 -- new in the JDBC 4.0 API and part of the Java SE platform, ! version 6</li> ! <LI>Since 1.4 -- new in the JDBC 3.0 API and part of the J2SE platform, ! version 1.4</li> ! <LI>Since 1.2 -- new in the JDBC 2.0 API and part of the J2SE platform, ! version 1.2</li> ! <LI>Since 1.1 or no "since" tag -- in the original JDBC 1.0 API and part of ! the JDK&trade;, version 1.1</li> ! </UL> ! <P> ! <b>NOTE:</b> Many of the new features are optional; consequently, there is ! some variation in drivers and the features they support. Always ! check your driver's documentation to see whether it supports a feature before ! you try to use it. ! <P> ! <b>NOTE:</b> The class <code>SQLPermission</code> was added in the ! Java&trade; 2 SDK, Standard Edition, ! version 1.3 release. This class is used to prevent unauthorized ! access to the logging stream associated with the <code>DriverManager</code>, ! which may contain information such as table names, column data, and so on. ! ! <h2>What the <code>java.sql</code> Package Contains</h2> ! The <code>java.sql</code> package contains API for the following: ! <UL> ! <LI>Making a connection with a database via the <code>DriverManager</code> facility ! <UL> ! <LI><code>DriverManager</code> class -- makes a connection with a driver ! <LI><code>SQLPermission</code> class -- provides permission when code ! running within a Security Manager, such as an applet, ! attempts to set up a logging stream through the ! <code>DriverManager</code> ! <LI><code>Driver</code> interface -- provides the API for registering ! and connecting drivers based on JDBC technology ("JDBC drivers"); ! generally used only by the <code>DriverManager</code> class ! <LI><code>DriverPropertyInfo</code> class -- provides properties for a ! JDBC driver; not used by the general user ! </UL> ! <LI>Sending SQL statements to a database ! <UL> ! <LI><code>Statement</code> -- used to send basic SQL statements ! <LI><code>PreparedStatement</code> -- used to send prepared statements or ! basic SQL statements (derived from <code>Statement</code>) ! <LI><code>CallableStatement</code> -- used to call database stored ! procedures (derived from <code>PreparedStatement</code>) ! <LI><code>Connection</code> interface -- provides methods for creating ! statements and managing connections and their properties ! <LI><code>Savepoint</code> -- provides savepoints in a transaction ! ! </UL> ! <LI>Retrieving and updating the results of a query ! <UL> ! <LI><code>ResultSet</code> interface ! </UL> ! <LI>Standard mappings for SQL types to classes and interfaces in the ! Java programming language ! <UL> ! <LI><code>Array</code> interface -- mapping for SQL <code>ARRAY</code> ! <LI><code>Blob</code> interface -- mapping for SQL <code>BLOB</code> ! <LI><code>Clob</code> interface -- mapping for SQL <code>CLOB</code> ! <LI><code>Date</code> class -- mapping for SQL <code>DATE</code> ! <LI><code>NClob</code> interface -- mapping for SQL <code>NCLOB</code> ! <LI><code>Ref</code> interface -- mapping for SQL <code>REF</code> ! <LI><code>RowId</code> interface -- mapping for SQL <code>ROWID</code> ! <LI><code>Struct</code> interface -- mapping for SQL <code>STRUCT</code> ! <LI><code>SQLXML</code> interface -- mapping for SQL <code>XML</code> ! <LI><code>Time</code> class -- mapping for SQL <code>TIME</code> ! <LI><code>Timestamp</code> class -- mapping for SQL <code>TIMESTAMP</code> ! <LI><code>Types</code> class -- provides constants for SQL types ! </UL> ! <LI>Custom mapping an SQL user-defined type (UDT) to a class in the ! Java programming language ! <UL> ! <LI><code>SQLData</code> interface -- specifies the mapping of ! a UDT to an instance of this class ! <LI><code>SQLInput</code> interface -- provides methods for reading ! UDT attributes from a stream ! <LI><code>SQLOutput</code> interface -- provides methods for writing ! UDT attributes back to a stream ! </UL> ! <LI>Metadata ! <UL> ! <LI><code>DatabaseMetaData</code> interface -- provides information ! about the database ! <LI><code>ResultSetMetaData</code> interface -- provides information ! about the columns of a <code>ResultSet</code> object ! <LI><code>ParameterMetaData</code> interface -- provides information ! about the parameters to <code>PreparedStatement</code> commands ! </UL> ! <LI>Exceptions ! <UL> ! <LI><code>SQLException</code> -- thrown by most methods when there ! is a problem accessing data and by some methods for other reasons ! <LI><code>SQLWarning</code> -- thrown to indicate a warning ! <LI><code>DataTruncation</code> -- thrown to indicate that data may have ! been truncated ! <LI><code>BatchUpdateException</code> -- thrown to indicate that not all ! commands in a batch update executed successfully ! </UL> ! </UL> ! ! <h3><code>java.sql</code> and <code>javax.sql</code> Features Introduced in the JDBC 4.3 API</h3> ! <UL> ! <LI>Added <code>Sharding</code> support</LI> ! <LI>Enhanced <code>Connection</code> to be able to provide hints ! to the driver that a request, an independent unit of work, ! is beginning or ending</LI> ! <LI>Enhanced <code>DatabaseMetaData</code> to determine if Sharding is ! supported</LI> ! <LI>Added the method <code>drivers</code> to <code>DriverManager</code> ! to return a Stream of the currently loaded and ! available JDBC drivers</LI> ! <LI>Added support to <code>Statement</code> for enquoting literals ! and simple identifiers</LI> ! <LI>Clarified the Java SE version that methods were deprecated</LI> ! </UL> ! ! <h3><code>java.sql</code> and <code>javax.sql</code> Features Introduced in the JDBC 4.2 API</h3> ! <UL> ! <LI>Added <code>JDBCType</code> enum and <code>SQLType</code> interface</li> ! <LI>Support for <code>REF CURSORS</code> in <code>CallableStatement</code> ! </LI> ! <LI><code>DatabaseMetaData</code> methods to return maximum Logical LOB size ! and if Ref Cursors are supported</LI> ! <LI>Added support for large update counts</LI> ! ! </UL> ! ! <h3><code>java.sql</code> and <code>javax.sql</code> Features Introduced in the JDBC 4.1 API</h3> ! <UL> ! <LI>Allow <code>Connection</code>, ! <code>ResultSet</code> and <code>Statement</code> objects to be ! used with the try-with-resources statement</LI> ! <LI>Support added to <code>CallableStatement</code> and ! <code>ResultSet</code> to specify the Java type to convert to via the ! <code>getObject</code> method</LI> ! <LI><code>DatabaseMetaData</code> methods to return PseudoColumns and if a ! generated key is always returned</LI> ! <LI>Added support to <code>Connection</code> to specify a database schema, ! abort and timeout a physical connection.</LI> ! <LI>Added support to close a <code>Statement</code> object when its dependent ! objects have been closed</LI> ! <LI>Support for obtaining the parent logger for a <code>Driver</code>, ! <code>DataSource</code>, <code>ConnectionPoolDataSource</code> and ! <code>XADataSource</code></LI> ! ! </UL> ! <h3><code>java.sql</code> and <code>javax.sql</code> Features Introduced in the JDBC 4.0 API</h3> ! <UL> ! <LI>auto java.sql.Driver discovery -- no longer need to load a ! <code>java.sql.Driver</code> class via <code>Class.forName</code> ! <LI>National Character Set support added ! <li>Support added for the SQL:2003 XML data type ! <lI>SQLException enhancements -- Added support for cause chaining; New SQLExceptions ! added for common SQLState class value codes ! <li>Enhanced Blob/Clob functionality -- Support provided to create and free a Blob/Clob instance ! as well as additional methods added to improve accessibility ! <li>Support added for accessing a SQL ROWID ! <li>Support added to allow a JDBC application to access an instance of a JDBC resource ! that has been wrapped by a vendor, usually in an application server or connection ! pooling environment. ! <li>Availability to be notified when a <code>PreparedStatement</code> that is associated ! with a <code>PooledConnection</code> has been closed or the driver determines is invalid ! ! ! </UL> ! ! ! <h3><code>java.sql</code> and <code>javax.sql</code> Features Introduced in the JDBC 3.0 API</h3> ! <UL> ! <LI>Pooled statements -- reuse of statements associated with a pooled ! connection ! <LI>Savepoints -- allow a transaction to be rolled back to a designated ! savepoint ! <LI>Properties defined for <code>ConnectionPoolDataSource</code> -- specify ! how connections are to be pooled ! <LI>Metadata for parameters of a <code>PreparedStatement</code> object ! <LI>Ability to retrieve values from automatically generated columns ! <LI>Ability to have multiple <code>ResultSet</code> objects ! returned from <code>CallableStatement</code> objects open at the ! same time ! <LI>Ability to identify parameters to <code>CallableStatement</code> ! objects by name as well as by index ! <LI><code>ResultSet</code> holdability -- ability to specify whether cursors ! should be held open or closed at the end of a transaction ! <LI>Ability to retrieve and update the SQL structured type instance that a ! <code>Ref</code> object references ! <LI>Ability to programmatically update <code>BLOB</code>, ! <code>CLOB</code>, <code>ARRAY</code>, and <code>REF</code> values. ! <LI>Addition of the <code>java.sql.Types.DATALINK</code> data type -- ! allows JDBC drivers access to objects stored outside a data source ! <LI>Addition of metadata for retrieving SQL type hierarchies ! </UL> ! ! <h3><code>java.sql</code> Features Introduced in the JDBC 2.1 Core API</h3> ! <UL> ! <LI>Scrollable result sets--using new methods in the <code>ResultSet</code> ! interface that allow the cursor to be moved to a particular row or to a ! position relative to its current position ! <LI>Batch updates ! <LI>Programmatic updates--using <code>ResultSet</code> updater methods ! <LI>New data types--interfaces mapping the SQL3 data types ! <LI>Custom mapping of user-defined types (UDTs) ! <LI>Miscellaneous features, including performance hints, the use of character ! streams, full precision for <code>java.math.BigDecimal</code> values, ! additional security, and ! support for time zones in date, time, and timestamp values. ! </UL> ! ! <h3><code>javax.sql</code> Features Introduced in the JDBC 2.0 Optional ! Package API</h3> ! <UL> ! <LI>The <code>DataSource</code> interface as a means of making a connection. The ! Java Naming and Directory Interface&trade; ! (JNDI) is used for registering a <code>DataSource</code> object with a ! naming service and also for retrieving it. ! <LI>Pooled connections -- allowing connections to be used and reused ! <LI>Distributed transactions -- allowing a transaction to span diverse ! DBMS servers ! <LI><code>RowSet</code> technology -- providing a convenient means of ! handling and passing data ! </UL> ! ! ! <h3>Custom Mapping of UDTs</h3> ! A user-defined type (UDT) defined in SQL can be mapped to a class in the Java ! programming language. An SQL structured type or an SQL <code>DISTINCT</code> ! type are the UDTs that may be custom mapped. The following three ! steps set up a custom mapping: ! <ol> ! <li>Defining the SQL structured type or <code>DISTINCT</code> type in SQL ! <li>Defining the class in the Java programming language to which the ! SQL UDT will be mapped. This class must implement the ! <code>SQLData</code> interface. ! <li>Making an entry in a <code>Connection</code> object's type map ! that contains two things: ! <ul> ! <li>the fully-qualified SQL name of the UDT ! <li>the <code>Class</code> object for the class that implements the ! <code>SQLData</code> interface ! </ul> ! </ol> ! <p> ! When these are in place for a UDT, calling the methods ! <code>ResultSet.getObject</code> or <code>CallableStatement.getObject</code> ! on that UDT will automatically retrieve the custom mapping for it. Also, the ! <code>PreparedStatement.setObject</code> method will automatically map the ! object back to its SQL type to store it in the data source. ! ! <h2>Package Specification</h2> ! ! <ul> ! <li><a href="https://jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=221">JDBC 4.3 Specification</a> ! </ul> ! ! <h2>Related Documentation</h2> ! ! <ul> ! <li><a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/jdbc/basics/index.html"> ! Lesson:JDBC Basics(The Javaxx Tutorials &gt; JDBC&trade; Database Access)</a> ! ! <li><a href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/index-142838.html"> ! <i>JDBC&trade; API Tutorial and Reference, Third Edition</i></a> ! </ul> ! ! </body> ! </html> --- 1,343 ---- ! /* ! * Copyright (c) 1998, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. ! * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. ! * ! * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it ! * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as ! * published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this ! * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided ! * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. ! * ! * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ! * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or ! * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License ! * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that ! * accompanied this code). ! * ! * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version ! * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, ! * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. ! * ! * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA ! * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any ! * questions. ! */ ! ! /** ! * ! * Provides the API for accessing and processing data stored in a ! * data source (usually a relational database) using the ! * Java&trade; programming language. ! * This API includes a framework whereby different ! * drivers can be installed dynamically to access different data sources. ! * Although the JDBC&trade; API is mainly geared ! * to passing SQL statements to a database, it provides for reading and ! * writing data from any data source with a tabular format. ! * The reader/writer facility, available through the ! * <code>javax.sql.RowSet</code> group of interfaces, can be customized to ! * use and update data from a spread sheet, flat file, or any other tabular ! * data source. ! * ! * <h2>What the JDBC&trade; 4.3 API Includes</h2> ! * The JDBC&trade; 4.3 API includes both ! * the <code>java.sql</code> package, referred to as the JDBC core API, ! * and the <code>javax.sql</code> package, referred to as the JDBC Optional ! * Package API. This complete JDBC API ! * is included in the Java&trade; Standard Edition (Java SE&trade;), version 7. ! * The <code>javax.sql</code> package extends the functionality of the JDBC API ! * from a client-side API to a server-side API, and it is an essential part ! * of the Java&trade; Enterprise Edition ! * (Java EE&trade;) technology. ! * ! * <h2>Versions</h2> ! * The JDBC 4.3 API incorporates all of the previous JDBC API versions: ! * <UL> ! * <LI> The JDBC 4.2 API</li> ! * <LI> The JDBC 4.1 API</li> ! * <LI> The JDBC 4.0 API</li> ! * <LI> The JDBC 3.0 API</li> ! * <LI> The JDBC 2.1 core API</li> ! * <LI> The JDBC 2.0 Optional Package API<br> ! * (Note that the JDBC 2.1 core API and the JDBC 2.0 Optional Package ! * API together are referred to as the JDBC 2.0 API.)</li> ! * <LI> The JDBC 1.2 API</li> ! * <LI> The JDBC 1.0 API</li> ! * </UL> ! * <P> ! * Classes, interfaces, methods, fields, constructors, and exceptions ! * have the following "since" tags that indicate when they were introduced ! * into the Java platform. When these "since" tags are used in ! * Javadoc&trade; comments for the JDBC API, ! * they indicate the following: ! * <UL> ! * <LI>Since 9 -- new in the JDBC 4.3 API and part of the Java SE platform, ! * version 9</li> ! * <LI>Since 1.8 -- new in the JDBC 4.2 API and part of the Java SE platform, ! * version 8</li> ! * <LI>Since 1.7 -- new in the JDBC 4.1 API and part of the Java SE platform, ! * version 7</li> ! * <LI>Since 1.6 -- new in the JDBC 4.0 API and part of the Java SE platform, ! * version 6</li> ! * <LI>Since 1.4 -- new in the JDBC 3.0 API and part of the J2SE platform, ! * version 1.4</li> ! * <LI>Since 1.2 -- new in the JDBC 2.0 API and part of the J2SE platform, ! * version 1.2</li> ! * <LI>Since 1.1 or no "since" tag -- in the original JDBC 1.0 API and part of ! * the JDK&trade;, version 1.1</li> ! * </UL> ! * <P> ! * <b>NOTE:</b> Many of the new features are optional; consequently, there is ! * some variation in drivers and the features they support. Always ! * check your driver's documentation to see whether it supports a feature before ! * you try to use it. ! * <P> ! * <b>NOTE:</b> The class <code>SQLPermission</code> was added in the ! * Java&trade; 2 SDK, Standard Edition, ! * version 1.3 release. This class is used to prevent unauthorized ! * access to the logging stream associated with the <code>DriverManager</code>, ! * which may contain information such as table names, column data, and so on. ! * ! * <h2>What the <code>java.sql</code> Package Contains</h2> ! * The <code>java.sql</code> package contains API for the following: ! * <UL> ! * <LI>Making a connection with a database via the <code>DriverManager</code> facility ! * <UL> ! * <LI><code>DriverManager</code> class -- makes a connection with a driver ! * <LI><code>SQLPermission</code> class -- provides permission when code ! * running within a Security Manager, such as an applet, ! * attempts to set up a logging stream through the ! * <code>DriverManager</code> ! * <LI><code>Driver</code> interface -- provides the API for registering ! * and connecting drivers based on JDBC technology ("JDBC drivers"); ! * generally used only by the <code>DriverManager</code> class ! * <LI><code>DriverPropertyInfo</code> class -- provides properties for a ! * JDBC driver; not used by the general user ! * </UL> ! * <LI>Sending SQL statements to a database ! * <UL> ! * <LI><code>Statement</code> -- used to send basic SQL statements ! * <LI><code>PreparedStatement</code> -- used to send prepared statements or ! * basic SQL statements (derived from <code>Statement</code>) ! * <LI><code>CallableStatement</code> -- used to call database stored ! * procedures (derived from <code>PreparedStatement</code>) ! * <LI><code>Connection</code> interface -- provides methods for creating ! * statements and managing connections and their properties ! * <LI><code>Savepoint</code> -- provides savepoints in a transaction ! * ! * </UL> ! * <LI>Retrieving and updating the results of a query ! * <UL> ! * <LI><code>ResultSet</code> interface ! * </UL> ! * <LI>Standard mappings for SQL types to classes and interfaces in the ! * Java programming language ! * <UL> ! * <LI><code>Array</code> interface -- mapping for SQL <code>ARRAY</code> ! * <LI><code>Blob</code> interface -- mapping for SQL <code>BLOB</code> ! * <LI><code>Clob</code> interface -- mapping for SQL <code>CLOB</code> ! * <LI><code>Date</code> class -- mapping for SQL <code>DATE</code> ! * <LI><code>NClob</code> interface -- mapping for SQL <code>NCLOB</code> ! * <LI><code>Ref</code> interface -- mapping for SQL <code>REF</code> ! * <LI><code>RowId</code> interface -- mapping for SQL <code>ROWID</code> ! * <LI><code>Struct</code> interface -- mapping for SQL <code>STRUCT</code> ! * <LI><code>SQLXML</code> interface -- mapping for SQL <code>XML</code> ! * <LI><code>Time</code> class -- mapping for SQL <code>TIME</code> ! * <LI><code>Timestamp</code> class -- mapping for SQL <code>TIMESTAMP</code> ! * <LI><code>Types</code> class -- provides constants for SQL types ! * </UL> ! * <LI>Custom mapping an SQL user-defined type (UDT) to a class in the ! * Java programming language ! * <UL> ! * <LI><code>SQLData</code> interface -- specifies the mapping of ! * a UDT to an instance of this class ! * <LI><code>SQLInput</code> interface -- provides methods for reading ! * UDT attributes from a stream ! * <LI><code>SQLOutput</code> interface -- provides methods for writing ! * UDT attributes back to a stream ! * </UL> ! * <LI>Metadata ! * <UL> ! * <LI><code>DatabaseMetaData</code> interface -- provides information ! * about the database ! * <LI><code>ResultSetMetaData</code> interface -- provides information ! * about the columns of a <code>ResultSet</code> object ! * <LI><code>ParameterMetaData</code> interface -- provides information ! * about the parameters to <code>PreparedStatement</code> commands ! * </UL> ! * <LI>Exceptions ! * <UL> ! * <LI><code>SQLException</code> -- thrown by most methods when there ! * is a problem accessing data and by some methods for other reasons ! * <LI><code>SQLWarning</code> -- thrown to indicate a warning ! * <LI><code>DataTruncation</code> -- thrown to indicate that data may have ! * been truncated ! * <LI><code>BatchUpdateException</code> -- thrown to indicate that not all ! * commands in a batch update executed successfully ! * </UL> ! * </UL> ! * ! * <h3><code>java.sql</code> and <code>javax.sql</code> Features Introduced in the JDBC 4.3 API</h3> ! * <UL> ! * <LI>Added <code>Sharding</code> support</LI> ! * <LI>Enhanced <code>Connection</code> to be able to provide hints ! * to the driver that a request, an independent unit of work, ! * is beginning or ending</LI> ! * <LI>Enhanced <code>DatabaseMetaData</code> to determine if Sharding is ! * supported</LI> ! * <LI>Added the method <code>drivers</code> to <code>DriverManager</code> ! * to return a Stream of the currently loaded and ! * available JDBC drivers</LI> ! * <LI>Added support to <code>Statement</code> for enquoting literals ! * and simple identifiers</LI> ! * <LI>Clarified the Java SE version that methods were deprecated</LI> ! * </UL> ! * ! * <h3><code>java.sql</code> and <code>javax.sql</code> Features Introduced in the JDBC 4.2 API</h3> ! * <UL> ! * <LI>Added <code>JDBCType</code> enum and <code>SQLType</code> interface</li> ! * <LI>Support for <code>REF CURSORS</code> in <code>CallableStatement</code> ! * </LI> ! * <LI><code>DatabaseMetaData</code> methods to return maximum Logical LOB size ! * and if Ref Cursors are supported</LI> ! * <LI>Added support for large update counts</LI> ! * ! * </UL> ! * ! * <h3><code>java.sql</code> and <code>javax.sql</code> Features Introduced in the JDBC 4.1 API</h3> ! * <UL> ! * <LI>Allow <code>Connection</code>, ! * <code>ResultSet</code> and <code>Statement</code> objects to be ! * used with the try-with-resources statement</LI> ! * <LI>Support added to <code>CallableStatement</code> and ! * <code>ResultSet</code> to specify the Java type to convert to via the ! * <code>getObject</code> method</LI> ! * <LI><code>DatabaseMetaData</code> methods to return PseudoColumns and if a ! * generated key is always returned</LI> ! * <LI>Added support to <code>Connection</code> to specify a database schema, ! * abort and timeout a physical connection.</LI> ! * <LI>Added support to close a <code>Statement</code> object when its dependent ! * objects have been closed</LI> ! * <LI>Support for obtaining the parent logger for a <code>Driver</code>, ! * <code>DataSource</code>, <code>ConnectionPoolDataSource</code> and ! * <code>XADataSource</code></LI> ! * ! * </UL> ! * <h3><code>java.sql</code> and <code>javax.sql</code> Features Introduced in the JDBC 4.0 API</h3> ! * <UL> ! * <LI>auto java.sql.Driver discovery -- no longer need to load a ! * <code>java.sql.Driver</code> class via <code>Class.forName</code> ! * <LI>National Character Set support added ! * <li>Support added for the SQL:2003 XML data type ! * <lI>SQLException enhancements -- Added support for cause chaining; New SQLExceptions ! * added for common SQLState class value codes ! * <li>Enhanced Blob/Clob functionality -- Support provided to create and free a Blob/Clob instance ! * as well as additional methods added to improve accessibility ! * <li>Support added for accessing a SQL ROWID ! * <li>Support added to allow a JDBC application to access an instance of a JDBC resource ! * that has been wrapped by a vendor, usually in an application server or connection ! * pooling environment. ! * <li>Availability to be notified when a <code>PreparedStatement</code> that is associated ! * with a <code>PooledConnection</code> has been closed or the driver determines is invalid ! * ! * ! * </UL> ! * ! * ! * <h3><code>java.sql</code> and <code>javax.sql</code> Features Introduced in the JDBC 3.0 API</h3> ! * <UL> ! * <LI>Pooled statements -- reuse of statements associated with a pooled ! * connection ! * <LI>Savepoints -- allow a transaction to be rolled back to a designated ! * savepoint ! * <LI>Properties defined for <code>ConnectionPoolDataSource</code> -- specify ! * how connections are to be pooled ! * <LI>Metadata for parameters of a <code>PreparedStatement</code> object ! * <LI>Ability to retrieve values from automatically generated columns ! * <LI>Ability to have multiple <code>ResultSet</code> objects ! * returned from <code>CallableStatement</code> objects open at the ! * same time ! * <LI>Ability to identify parameters to <code>CallableStatement</code> ! * objects by name as well as by index ! * <LI><code>ResultSet</code> holdability -- ability to specify whether cursors ! * should be held open or closed at the end of a transaction ! * <LI>Ability to retrieve and update the SQL structured type instance that a ! * <code>Ref</code> object references ! * <LI>Ability to programmatically update <code>BLOB</code>, ! * <code>CLOB</code>, <code>ARRAY</code>, and <code>REF</code> values. ! * <LI>Addition of the <code>java.sql.Types.DATALINK</code> data type -- ! * allows JDBC drivers access to objects stored outside a data source ! * <LI>Addition of metadata for retrieving SQL type hierarchies ! * </UL> ! * ! * <h3><code>java.sql</code> Features Introduced in the JDBC 2.1 Core API</h3> ! * <UL> ! * <LI>Scrollable result sets--using new methods in the <code>ResultSet</code> ! * interface that allow the cursor to be moved to a particular row or to a ! * position relative to its current position ! * <LI>Batch updates ! * <LI>Programmatic updates--using <code>ResultSet</code> updater methods ! * <LI>New data types--interfaces mapping the SQL3 data types ! * <LI>Custom mapping of user-defined types (UDTs) ! * <LI>Miscellaneous features, including performance hints, the use of character ! * streams, full precision for <code>java.math.BigDecimal</code> values, ! * additional security, and ! * support for time zones in date, time, and timestamp values. ! * </UL> ! * ! * <h3><code>javax.sql</code> Features Introduced in the JDBC 2.0 Optional ! * Package API</h3> ! * <UL> ! * <LI>The <code>DataSource</code> interface as a means of making a connection. The ! * Java Naming and Directory Interface&trade; ! * (JNDI) is used for registering a <code>DataSource</code> object with a ! * naming service and also for retrieving it. ! * <LI>Pooled connections -- allowing connections to be used and reused ! * <LI>Distributed transactions -- allowing a transaction to span diverse ! * DBMS servers ! * <LI><code>RowSet</code> technology -- providing a convenient means of ! * handling and passing data ! * </UL> ! * ! * ! * <h3>Custom Mapping of UDTs</h3> ! * A user-defined type (UDT) defined in SQL can be mapped to a class in the Java ! * programming language. An SQL structured type or an SQL <code>DISTINCT</code> ! * type are the UDTs that may be custom mapped. The following three ! * steps set up a custom mapping: ! * <ol> ! * <li>Defining the SQL structured type or <code>DISTINCT</code> type in SQL ! * <li>Defining the class in the Java programming language to which the ! * SQL UDT will be mapped. This class must implement the ! * <code>SQLData</code> interface. ! * <li>Making an entry in a <code>Connection</code> object's type map ! * that contains two things: ! * <ul> ! * <li>the fully-qualified SQL name of the UDT ! * <li>the <code>Class</code> object for the class that implements the ! * <code>SQLData</code> interface ! * </ul> ! * </ol> ! * <p> ! * When these are in place for a UDT, calling the methods ! * <code>ResultSet.getObject</code> or <code>CallableStatement.getObject</code> ! * on that UDT will automatically retrieve the custom mapping for it. Also, the ! * <code>PreparedStatement.setObject</code> method will automatically map the ! * object back to its SQL type to store it in the data source. ! * ! * <h2>Package Specification</h2> ! * ! * <ul> ! * <li><a href="https://jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=221">JDBC 4.3 Specification</a> ! * </ul> ! * ! * <h2>Related Documentation</h2> ! * ! * <ul> ! * <li><a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/jdbc/basics/index.html"> ! * Lesson:JDBC Basics(The Javaxx Tutorials &gt; JDBC&trade; Database Access)</a> ! * ! * <li><a href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/index-142838.html"> ! * <i>JDBC&trade; API Tutorial and Reference, Third Edition</i></a> ! * </ul> ! */ ! package java.sql;
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