1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "precompiled.hpp"
  26 #include "classfile/classLoader.hpp"
  27 #include "classfile/classLoaderData.hpp"
  28 #include "classfile/javaClasses.hpp"
  29 #include "classfile/stringTable.hpp"
  30 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
  31 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
  32 #include "code/codeCache.hpp"
  33 #include "code/dependencies.hpp"
  34 #include "gc/shared/cardTableModRefBS.hpp"
  35 #include "gc/shared/collectedHeap.inline.hpp"
  36 #include "gc/shared/gcLocker.inline.hpp"
  37 #include "gc/shared/genCollectedHeap.hpp"
  38 #include "gc/shared/genRemSet.hpp"
  39 #include "gc/shared/generation.hpp"
  40 #include "gc/shared/space.hpp"
  41 #include "interpreter/interpreter.hpp"
  42 #include "memory/filemap.hpp"
  43 #include "memory/metadataFactory.hpp"
  44 #include "memory/metaspaceShared.hpp"
  45 #include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"
  46 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
  47 #include "memory/universe.inline.hpp"
  48 #include "oops/constantPool.hpp"
  49 #include "oops/instanceClassLoaderKlass.hpp"
  50 #include "oops/instanceKlass.hpp"
  51 #include "oops/instanceMirrorKlass.hpp"
  52 #include "oops/instanceRefKlass.hpp"
  53 #include "oops/objArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  54 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  55 #include "oops/typeArrayKlass.hpp"
  56 #include "prims/jvmtiRedefineClassesTrace.hpp"
  57 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
  58 #include "runtime/atomic.inline.hpp"
  59 #include "runtime/deoptimization.hpp"
  60 #include "runtime/fprofiler.hpp"
  61 #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
  62 #include "runtime/init.hpp"
  63 #include "runtime/java.hpp"
  64 #include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"
  65 #include "runtime/sharedRuntime.hpp"
  66 #include "runtime/synchronizer.hpp"
  67 #include "runtime/thread.inline.hpp"
  68 #include "runtime/timer.hpp"
  69 #include "runtime/vm_operations.hpp"
  70 #include "services/memoryService.hpp"
  71 #include "utilities/copy.hpp"
  72 #include "utilities/events.hpp"
  73 #include "utilities/hashtable.inline.hpp"
  74 #include "utilities/macros.hpp"
  75 #include "utilities/preserveException.hpp"
  76 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
  77 #include "gc/cms/cmsCollectorPolicy.hpp"
  78 #include "gc/g1/g1CollectedHeap.inline.hpp"
  79 #include "gc/g1/g1CollectorPolicy_ext.hpp"
  80 #include "gc/parallel/parallelScavengeHeap.hpp"
  81 #include "gc/shared/adaptiveSizePolicy.hpp"
  82 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
  83 #if INCLUDE_CDS
  84 #include "classfile/sharedClassUtil.hpp"
  85 #endif
  86 
  87 // Known objects
  88 Klass* Universe::_boolArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;
  89 Klass* Universe::_byteArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;
  90 Klass* Universe::_charArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;
  91 Klass* Universe::_intArrayKlassObj                  = NULL;
  92 Klass* Universe::_shortArrayKlassObj                = NULL;
  93 Klass* Universe::_longArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;
  94 Klass* Universe::_singleArrayKlassObj               = NULL;
  95 Klass* Universe::_doubleArrayKlassObj               = NULL;
  96 Klass* Universe::_typeArrayKlassObjs[T_VOID+1]      = { NULL /*, NULL...*/ };
  97 Klass* Universe::_objectArrayKlassObj               = NULL;
  98 oop Universe::_int_mirror                             = NULL;
  99 oop Universe::_float_mirror                           = NULL;
 100 oop Universe::_double_mirror                          = NULL;
 101 oop Universe::_byte_mirror                            = NULL;
 102 oop Universe::_bool_mirror                            = NULL;
 103 oop Universe::_char_mirror                            = NULL;
 104 oop Universe::_long_mirror                            = NULL;
 105 oop Universe::_short_mirror                           = NULL;
 106 oop Universe::_void_mirror                            = NULL;
 107 oop Universe::_mirrors[T_VOID+1]                      = { NULL /*, NULL...*/ };
 108 oop Universe::_main_thread_group                      = NULL;
 109 oop Universe::_system_thread_group                    = NULL;
 110 objArrayOop Universe::_the_empty_class_klass_array    = NULL;
 111 Array<Klass*>* Universe::_the_array_interfaces_array = NULL;
 112 oop Universe::_the_null_string                        = NULL;
 113 oop Universe::_the_min_jint_string                   = NULL;
 114 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_finalizer_register_cache = NULL;
 115 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_loader_addClass_cache    = NULL;
 116 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_pd_implies_cache         = NULL;
 117 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_throw_illegal_access_error_cache = NULL;
 118 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap          = NULL;
 119 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace          = NULL;
 120 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace    = NULL;
 121 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size         = NULL;
 122 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit  = NULL;
 123 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects    = NULL;
 124 objArrayOop Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array = NULL;
 125 volatile jint Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count = 0;
 126 bool Universe::_verify_in_progress                    = false;
 127 oop Universe::_null_ptr_exception_instance            = NULL;
 128 oop Universe::_arithmetic_exception_instance          = NULL;
 129 oop Universe::_virtual_machine_error_instance         = NULL;
 130 oop Universe::_vm_exception                           = NULL;
 131 oop Universe::_allocation_context_notification_obj    = NULL;
 132 
 133 Array<int>* Universe::_the_empty_int_array            = NULL;
 134 Array<u2>* Universe::_the_empty_short_array           = NULL;
 135 Array<Klass*>* Universe::_the_empty_klass_array     = NULL;
 136 Array<Method*>* Universe::_the_empty_method_array   = NULL;
 137 
 138 // These variables are guarded by FullGCALot_lock.
 139 debug_only(objArrayOop Universe::_fullgc_alot_dummy_array = NULL;)
 140 debug_only(int Universe::_fullgc_alot_dummy_next      = 0;)
 141 
 142 // Heap
 143 int             Universe::_verify_count = 0;
 144 
 145 int             Universe::_base_vtable_size = 0;
 146 bool            Universe::_bootstrapping = false;
 147 bool            Universe::_fully_initialized = false;
 148 
 149 size_t          Universe::_heap_capacity_at_last_gc;
 150 size_t          Universe::_heap_used_at_last_gc = 0;
 151 
 152 CollectedHeap*  Universe::_collectedHeap = NULL;
 153 
 154 NarrowPtrStruct Universe::_narrow_oop = { NULL, 0, true };
 155 NarrowPtrStruct Universe::_narrow_klass = { NULL, 0, true };
 156 address Universe::_narrow_ptrs_base;
 157 
 158 void Universe::basic_type_classes_do(void f(Klass*)) {
 159   f(boolArrayKlassObj());
 160   f(byteArrayKlassObj());
 161   f(charArrayKlassObj());
 162   f(intArrayKlassObj());
 163   f(shortArrayKlassObj());
 164   f(longArrayKlassObj());
 165   f(singleArrayKlassObj());
 166   f(doubleArrayKlassObj());
 167 }
 168 
 169 void Universe::oops_do(OopClosure* f, bool do_all) {
 170 
 171   f->do_oop((oop*) &_int_mirror);
 172   f->do_oop((oop*) &_float_mirror);
 173   f->do_oop((oop*) &_double_mirror);
 174   f->do_oop((oop*) &_byte_mirror);
 175   f->do_oop((oop*) &_bool_mirror);
 176   f->do_oop((oop*) &_char_mirror);
 177   f->do_oop((oop*) &_long_mirror);
 178   f->do_oop((oop*) &_short_mirror);
 179   f->do_oop((oop*) &_void_mirror);
 180 
 181   for (int i = T_BOOLEAN; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
 182     f->do_oop((oop*) &_mirrors[i]);
 183   }
 184   assert(_mirrors[0] == NULL && _mirrors[T_BOOLEAN - 1] == NULL, "checking");
 185 
 186   f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_empty_class_klass_array);
 187   f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_null_string);
 188   f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_min_jint_string);
 189   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_java_heap);
 190   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_metaspace);
 191   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace);
 192   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_array_size);
 193   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit);
 194   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects);
 195     f->do_oop((oop*)&_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array);
 196   f->do_oop((oop*)&_null_ptr_exception_instance);
 197   f->do_oop((oop*)&_arithmetic_exception_instance);
 198   f->do_oop((oop*)&_virtual_machine_error_instance);
 199   f->do_oop((oop*)&_main_thread_group);
 200   f->do_oop((oop*)&_system_thread_group);
 201   f->do_oop((oop*)&_vm_exception);
 202   f->do_oop((oop*)&_allocation_context_notification_obj);
 203   debug_only(f->do_oop((oop*)&_fullgc_alot_dummy_array);)
 204 }
 205 
 206 // Serialize metadata in and out of CDS archive, not oops.
 207 void Universe::serialize(SerializeClosure* f, bool do_all) {
 208 
 209   f->do_ptr((void**)&_boolArrayKlassObj);
 210   f->do_ptr((void**)&_byteArrayKlassObj);
 211   f->do_ptr((void**)&_charArrayKlassObj);
 212   f->do_ptr((void**)&_intArrayKlassObj);
 213   f->do_ptr((void**)&_shortArrayKlassObj);
 214   f->do_ptr((void**)&_longArrayKlassObj);
 215   f->do_ptr((void**)&_singleArrayKlassObj);
 216   f->do_ptr((void**)&_doubleArrayKlassObj);
 217   f->do_ptr((void**)&_objectArrayKlassObj);
 218 
 219   {
 220     for (int i = 0; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
 221       if (_typeArrayKlassObjs[i] != NULL) {
 222         assert(i >= T_BOOLEAN, "checking");
 223         f->do_ptr((void**)&_typeArrayKlassObjs[i]);
 224       } else if (do_all) {
 225         f->do_ptr((void**)&_typeArrayKlassObjs[i]);
 226       }
 227     }
 228   }
 229 
 230   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_array_interfaces_array);
 231   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_int_array);
 232   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_short_array);
 233   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_method_array);
 234   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_klass_array);
 235   _finalizer_register_cache->serialize(f);
 236   _loader_addClass_cache->serialize(f);
 237   _pd_implies_cache->serialize(f);
 238   _throw_illegal_access_error_cache->serialize(f);
 239 }
 240 
 241 void Universe::check_alignment(uintx size, uintx alignment, const char* name) {
 242   if (size < alignment || size % alignment != 0) {
 243     vm_exit_during_initialization(
 244       err_msg("Size of %s (" UINTX_FORMAT " bytes) must be aligned to " UINTX_FORMAT " bytes", name, size, alignment));
 245   }
 246 }
 247 
 248 void initialize_basic_type_klass(Klass* k, TRAPS) {
 249   Klass* ok = SystemDictionary::Object_klass();
 250   if (UseSharedSpaces) {
 251     ClassLoaderData* loader_data = ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data();
 252     assert(k->super() == ok, "u3");
 253     k->restore_unshareable_info(loader_data, Handle(), CHECK);
 254   } else {
 255     k->initialize_supers(ok, CHECK);
 256   }
 257   k->append_to_sibling_list();
 258 }
 259 
 260 void Universe::genesis(TRAPS) {
 261   ResourceMark rm;
 262 
 263   { FlagSetting fs(_bootstrapping, true);
 264 
 265     { MutexLocker mc(Compile_lock);
 266 
 267       // determine base vtable size; without that we cannot create the array klasses
 268       compute_base_vtable_size();
 269 
 270       if (!UseSharedSpaces) {
 271         _boolArrayKlassObj      = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_BOOLEAN, sizeof(jboolean), CHECK);
 272         _charArrayKlassObj      = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_CHAR,    sizeof(jchar),    CHECK);
 273         _singleArrayKlassObj    = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_FLOAT,   sizeof(jfloat),   CHECK);
 274         _doubleArrayKlassObj    = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_DOUBLE,  sizeof(jdouble),  CHECK);
 275         _byteArrayKlassObj      = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_BYTE,    sizeof(jbyte),    CHECK);
 276         _shortArrayKlassObj     = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_SHORT,   sizeof(jshort),   CHECK);
 277         _intArrayKlassObj       = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_INT,     sizeof(jint),     CHECK);
 278         _longArrayKlassObj      = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_LONG,    sizeof(jlong),    CHECK);
 279 
 280         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_BOOLEAN] = _boolArrayKlassObj;
 281         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_CHAR]    = _charArrayKlassObj;
 282         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_FLOAT]   = _singleArrayKlassObj;
 283         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_DOUBLE]  = _doubleArrayKlassObj;
 284         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_BYTE]    = _byteArrayKlassObj;
 285         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_SHORT]   = _shortArrayKlassObj;
 286         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_INT]     = _intArrayKlassObj;
 287         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_LONG]    = _longArrayKlassObj;
 288 
 289         ClassLoaderData* null_cld = ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data();
 290 
 291         _the_array_interfaces_array = MetadataFactory::new_array<Klass*>(null_cld, 2, NULL, CHECK);
 292         _the_empty_int_array        = MetadataFactory::new_array<int>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 293         _the_empty_short_array      = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 294         _the_empty_method_array     = MetadataFactory::new_array<Method*>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 295         _the_empty_klass_array      = MetadataFactory::new_array<Klass*>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 296       }
 297     }
 298 
 299     vmSymbols::initialize(CHECK);
 300 
 301     SystemDictionary::initialize(CHECK);
 302 
 303     Klass* ok = SystemDictionary::Object_klass();
 304 
 305     _the_null_string            = StringTable::intern("null", CHECK);
 306     _the_min_jint_string       = StringTable::intern("-2147483648", CHECK);
 307 
 308     if (UseSharedSpaces) {
 309       // Verify shared interfaces array.
 310       assert(_the_array_interfaces_array->at(0) ==
 311              SystemDictionary::Cloneable_klass(), "u3");
 312       assert(_the_array_interfaces_array->at(1) ==
 313              SystemDictionary::Serializable_klass(), "u3");
 314       MetaspaceShared::fixup_shared_string_regions();
 315     } else {
 316       // Set up shared interfaces array.  (Do this before supers are set up.)
 317       _the_array_interfaces_array->at_put(0, SystemDictionary::Cloneable_klass());
 318       _the_array_interfaces_array->at_put(1, SystemDictionary::Serializable_klass());
 319     }
 320 
 321     initialize_basic_type_klass(boolArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 322     initialize_basic_type_klass(charArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 323     initialize_basic_type_klass(singleArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 324     initialize_basic_type_klass(doubleArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 325     initialize_basic_type_klass(byteArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 326     initialize_basic_type_klass(shortArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 327     initialize_basic_type_klass(intArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 328     initialize_basic_type_klass(longArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 329   } // end of core bootstrapping
 330 
 331   // Maybe this could be lifted up now that object array can be initialized
 332   // during the bootstrapping.
 333 
 334   // OLD
 335   // Initialize _objectArrayKlass after core bootstraping to make
 336   // sure the super class is set up properly for _objectArrayKlass.
 337   // ---
 338   // NEW
 339   // Since some of the old system object arrays have been converted to
 340   // ordinary object arrays, _objectArrayKlass will be loaded when
 341   // SystemDictionary::initialize(CHECK); is run. See the extra check
 342   // for Object_klass_loaded in objArrayKlassKlass::allocate_objArray_klass_impl.
 343   _objectArrayKlassObj = InstanceKlass::
 344     cast(SystemDictionary::Object_klass())->array_klass(1, CHECK);
 345   // OLD
 346   // Add the class to the class hierarchy manually to make sure that
 347   // its vtable is initialized after core bootstrapping is completed.
 348   // ---
 349   // New
 350   // Have already been initialized.
 351   _objectArrayKlassObj->append_to_sibling_list();
 352 
 353   // Compute is_jdk version flags.
 354   // Only 1.3 or later has the java.lang.Shutdown class.
 355   // Only 1.4 or later has the java.lang.CharSequence interface.
 356   // Only 1.5 or later has the java.lang.management.MemoryUsage class.
 357   if (JDK_Version::is_partially_initialized()) {
 358     uint8_t jdk_version;
 359     Klass* k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_null(
 360         vmSymbols::java_lang_management_MemoryUsage(), THREAD);
 361     CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION; // ignore exceptions
 362     if (k == NULL) {
 363       k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_null(
 364           vmSymbols::java_lang_CharSequence(), THREAD);
 365       CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION; // ignore exceptions
 366       if (k == NULL) {
 367         k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_null(
 368             vmSymbols::java_lang_Shutdown(), THREAD);
 369         CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION; // ignore exceptions
 370         if (k == NULL) {
 371           jdk_version = 2;
 372         } else {
 373           jdk_version = 3;
 374         }
 375       } else {
 376         jdk_version = 4;
 377       }
 378     } else {
 379       jdk_version = 5;
 380     }
 381     JDK_Version::fully_initialize(jdk_version);
 382   }
 383 
 384   #ifdef ASSERT
 385   if (FullGCALot) {
 386     // Allocate an array of dummy objects.
 387     // We'd like these to be at the bottom of the old generation,
 388     // so that when we free one and then collect,
 389     // (almost) the whole heap moves
 390     // and we find out if we actually update all the oops correctly.
 391     // But we can't allocate directly in the old generation,
 392     // so we allocate wherever, and hope that the first collection
 393     // moves these objects to the bottom of the old generation.
 394     // We can allocate directly in the permanent generation, so we do.
 395     int size;
 396     if (UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
 397       warning("Using +FullGCALot with concurrent mark sweep gc "
 398               "will not force all objects to relocate");
 399       size = FullGCALotDummies;
 400     } else {
 401       size = FullGCALotDummies * 2;
 402     }
 403     objArrayOop    naked_array = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Object_klass(), size, CHECK);
 404     objArrayHandle dummy_array(THREAD, naked_array);
 405     int i = 0;
 406     while (i < size) {
 407         // Allocate dummy in old generation
 408       oop dummy = InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::Object_klass())->allocate_instance(CHECK);
 409       dummy_array->obj_at_put(i++, dummy);
 410     }
 411     {
 412       // Only modify the global variable inside the mutex.
 413       // If we had a race to here, the other dummy_array instances
 414       // and their elements just get dropped on the floor, which is fine.
 415       MutexLocker ml(FullGCALot_lock);
 416       if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_array == NULL) {
 417         _fullgc_alot_dummy_array = dummy_array();
 418       }
 419     }
 420     assert(i == _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->length(), "just checking");
 421   }
 422   #endif
 423 
 424   // Initialize dependency array for null class loader
 425   ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data()->init_dependencies(CHECK);
 426 
 427 }
 428 
 429 // CDS support for patching vtables in metadata in the shared archive.
 430 // All types inherited from Metadata have vtables, but not types inherited
 431 // from MetaspaceObj, because the latter does not have virtual functions.
 432 // If the metadata type has a vtable, it cannot be shared in the read-only
 433 // section of the CDS archive, because the vtable pointer is patched.
 434 static inline void add_vtable(void** list, int* n, void* o, int count) {
 435   guarantee((*n) < count, "vtable list too small");
 436   void* vtable = dereference_vptr(o);
 437   assert(*(void**)(vtable) != NULL, "invalid vtable");
 438   list[(*n)++] = vtable;
 439 }
 440 
 441 void Universe::init_self_patching_vtbl_list(void** list, int count) {
 442   int n = 0;
 443   { InstanceKlass o;          add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
 444   { InstanceClassLoaderKlass o; add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
 445   { InstanceMirrorKlass o;    add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
 446   { InstanceRefKlass o;       add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
 447   { TypeArrayKlass o;         add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
 448   { ObjArrayKlass o;          add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
 449   { Method o;                 add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
 450   { ConstantPool o;           add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
 451 }
 452 
 453 void Universe::initialize_basic_type_mirrors(TRAPS) {
 454     assert(_int_mirror==NULL, "basic type mirrors already initialized");
 455     _int_mirror     =
 456       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("int",    T_INT, CHECK);
 457     _float_mirror   =
 458       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("float",  T_FLOAT,   CHECK);
 459     _double_mirror  =
 460       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("double", T_DOUBLE,  CHECK);
 461     _byte_mirror    =
 462       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("byte",   T_BYTE, CHECK);
 463     _bool_mirror    =
 464       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("boolean",T_BOOLEAN, CHECK);
 465     _char_mirror    =
 466       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("char",   T_CHAR, CHECK);
 467     _long_mirror    =
 468       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("long",   T_LONG, CHECK);
 469     _short_mirror   =
 470       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("short",  T_SHORT,   CHECK);
 471     _void_mirror    =
 472       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("void",   T_VOID, CHECK);
 473 
 474     _mirrors[T_INT]     = _int_mirror;
 475     _mirrors[T_FLOAT]   = _float_mirror;
 476     _mirrors[T_DOUBLE]  = _double_mirror;
 477     _mirrors[T_BYTE]    = _byte_mirror;
 478     _mirrors[T_BOOLEAN] = _bool_mirror;
 479     _mirrors[T_CHAR]    = _char_mirror;
 480     _mirrors[T_LONG]    = _long_mirror;
 481     _mirrors[T_SHORT]   = _short_mirror;
 482     _mirrors[T_VOID]    = _void_mirror;
 483   //_mirrors[T_OBJECT]  = InstanceKlass::cast(_object_klass)->java_mirror();
 484   //_mirrors[T_ARRAY]   = InstanceKlass::cast(_object_klass)->java_mirror();
 485 }
 486 
 487 void Universe::fixup_mirrors(TRAPS) {
 488   // Bootstrap problem: all classes gets a mirror (java.lang.Class instance) assigned eagerly,
 489   // but we cannot do that for classes created before java.lang.Class is loaded. Here we simply
 490   // walk over permanent objects created so far (mostly classes) and fixup their mirrors. Note
 491   // that the number of objects allocated at this point is very small.
 492   assert(SystemDictionary::Class_klass_loaded(), "java.lang.Class should be loaded");
 493   HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 494   // Cache the start of the static fields
 495   InstanceMirrorKlass::init_offset_of_static_fields();
 496 
 497   GrowableArray <Klass*>* list = java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror_list();
 498   int list_length = list->length();
 499   for (int i = 0; i < list_length; i++) {
 500     Klass* k = list->at(i);
 501     assert(k->is_klass(), "List should only hold classes");
 502     EXCEPTION_MARK;
 503     KlassHandle kh(THREAD, k);
 504     java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror(kh, CATCH);
 505 }
 506   delete java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror_list();
 507   java_lang_Class::set_fixup_mirror_list(NULL);
 508 }
 509 
 510 static bool has_run_finalizers_on_exit = false;
 511 
 512 void Universe::run_finalizers_on_exit() {
 513   if (has_run_finalizers_on_exit) return;
 514   has_run_finalizers_on_exit = true;
 515 
 516   // Called on VM exit. This ought to be run in a separate thread.
 517   if (TraceReferenceGC) tty->print_cr("Callback to run finalizers on exit");
 518   {
 519     PRESERVE_EXCEPTION_MARK;
 520     KlassHandle finalizer_klass(THREAD, SystemDictionary::Finalizer_klass());
 521     JavaValue result(T_VOID);
 522     JavaCalls::call_static(
 523       &result,
 524       finalizer_klass,
 525       vmSymbols::run_finalizers_on_exit_name(),
 526       vmSymbols::void_method_signature(),
 527       THREAD
 528     );
 529     // Ignore any pending exceptions
 530     CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
 531   }
 532 }
 533 
 534 
 535 // initialize_vtable could cause gc if
 536 // 1) we specified true to initialize_vtable and
 537 // 2) this ran after gc was enabled
 538 // In case those ever change we use handles for oops
 539 void Universe::reinitialize_vtable_of(KlassHandle k_h, TRAPS) {
 540   // init vtable of k and all subclasses
 541   Klass* ko = k_h();
 542   klassVtable* vt = ko->vtable();
 543   if (vt) vt->initialize_vtable(false, CHECK);
 544   if (ko->oop_is_instance()) {
 545     InstanceKlass* ik = (InstanceKlass*)ko;
 546     for (KlassHandle s_h(THREAD, ik->subklass());
 547          s_h() != NULL;
 548          s_h = KlassHandle(THREAD, s_h()->next_sibling())) {
 549       reinitialize_vtable_of(s_h, CHECK);
 550     }
 551   }
 552 }
 553 
 554 
 555 void initialize_itable_for_klass(Klass* k, TRAPS) {
 556   InstanceKlass::cast(k)->itable()->initialize_itable(false, CHECK);
 557 }
 558 
 559 
 560 void Universe::reinitialize_itables(TRAPS) {
 561   SystemDictionary::classes_do(initialize_itable_for_klass, CHECK);
 562 
 563 }
 564 
 565 
 566 bool Universe::on_page_boundary(void* addr) {
 567   return ((uintptr_t) addr) % os::vm_page_size() == 0;
 568 }
 569 
 570 
 571 bool Universe::should_fill_in_stack_trace(Handle throwable) {
 572   // never attempt to fill in the stack trace of preallocated errors that do not have
 573   // backtrace. These errors are kept alive forever and may be "re-used" when all
 574   // preallocated errors with backtrace have been consumed. Also need to avoid
 575   // a potential loop which could happen if an out of memory occurs when attempting
 576   // to allocate the backtrace.
 577   return ((throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap) &&
 578           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace)  &&
 579           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace)  &&
 580           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size) &&
 581           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit) &&
 582           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects));
 583 }
 584 
 585 
 586 oop Universe::gen_out_of_memory_error(oop default_err) {
 587   // generate an out of memory error:
 588   // - if there is a preallocated error with backtrace available then return it wth
 589   //   a filled in stack trace.
 590   // - if there are no preallocated errors with backtrace available then return
 591   //   an error without backtrace.
 592   int next;
 593   if (_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count > 0) {
 594     next = (int)Atomic::add(-1, &_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count);
 595     assert(next < (int)PreallocatedOutOfMemoryErrorCount, "avail count is corrupt");
 596   } else {
 597     next = -1;
 598   }
 599   if (next < 0) {
 600     // all preallocated errors have been used.
 601     // return default
 602     return default_err;
 603   } else {
 604     // get the error object at the slot and set set it to NULL so that the
 605     // array isn't keeping it alive anymore.
 606     oop exc = preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at(next);
 607     assert(exc != NULL, "slot has been used already");
 608     preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at_put(next, NULL);
 609 
 610     // use the message from the default error
 611     oop msg = java_lang_Throwable::message(default_err);
 612     assert(msg != NULL, "no message");
 613     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(exc, msg);
 614 
 615     // populate the stack trace and return it.
 616     java_lang_Throwable::fill_in_stack_trace_of_preallocated_backtrace(exc);
 617     return exc;
 618   }
 619 }
 620 
 621 intptr_t Universe::_non_oop_bits = 0;
 622 
 623 void* Universe::non_oop_word() {
 624   // Neither the high bits nor the low bits of this value is allowed
 625   // to look like (respectively) the high or low bits of a real oop.
 626   //
 627   // High and low are CPU-specific notions, but low always includes
 628   // the low-order bit.  Since oops are always aligned at least mod 4,
 629   // setting the low-order bit will ensure that the low half of the
 630   // word will never look like that of a real oop.
 631   //
 632   // Using the OS-supplied non-memory-address word (usually 0 or -1)
 633   // will take care of the high bits, however many there are.
 634 
 635   if (_non_oop_bits == 0) {
 636     _non_oop_bits = (intptr_t)os::non_memory_address_word() | 1;
 637   }
 638 
 639   return (void*)_non_oop_bits;
 640 }
 641 
 642 jint universe_init() {
 643   assert(!Universe::_fully_initialized, "called after initialize_vtables");
 644   guarantee(1 << LogHeapWordSize == sizeof(HeapWord),
 645          "LogHeapWordSize is incorrect.");
 646   guarantee(sizeof(oop) >= sizeof(HeapWord), "HeapWord larger than oop?");
 647   guarantee(sizeof(oop) % sizeof(HeapWord) == 0,
 648             "oop size is not not a multiple of HeapWord size");
 649   TraceTime timer("Genesis", TraceStartupTime);
 650   JavaClasses::compute_hard_coded_offsets();
 651 
 652   jint status = Universe::initialize_heap();
 653   if (status != JNI_OK) {
 654     return status;
 655   }
 656 
 657   Metaspace::global_initialize();
 658 
 659   // Create memory for metadata.  Must be after initializing heap for
 660   // DumpSharedSpaces.
 661   ClassLoaderData::init_null_class_loader_data();
 662 
 663   // We have a heap so create the Method* caches before
 664   // Metaspace::initialize_shared_spaces() tries to populate them.
 665   Universe::_finalizer_register_cache = new LatestMethodCache();
 666   Universe::_loader_addClass_cache    = new LatestMethodCache();
 667   Universe::_pd_implies_cache         = new LatestMethodCache();
 668   Universe::_throw_illegal_access_error_cache = new LatestMethodCache();
 669 
 670   if (UseSharedSpaces) {
 671     // Read the data structures supporting the shared spaces (shared
 672     // system dictionary, symbol table, etc.).  After that, access to
 673     // the file (other than the mapped regions) is no longer needed, and
 674     // the file is closed. Closing the file does not affect the
 675     // currently mapped regions.
 676     MetaspaceShared::initialize_shared_spaces();
 677     StringTable::create_table();
 678   } else {
 679     SymbolTable::create_table();
 680     StringTable::create_table();
 681     ClassLoader::create_package_info_table();
 682 
 683     if (DumpSharedSpaces) {
 684       MetaspaceShared::prepare_for_dumping();
 685     }
 686   }
 687 
 688   return JNI_OK;
 689 }
 690 
 691 template <class Heap, class Policy>
 692 jint Universe::create_heap() {
 693   assert(_collectedHeap == NULL, "Heap already created");
 694   Policy* policy = new Policy();
 695   policy->initialize_all();
 696   _collectedHeap = new Heap(policy);
 697   return _collectedHeap->initialize();
 698 }
 699 
 700 // Choose the heap base address and oop encoding mode
 701 // when compressed oops are used:
 702 // Unscaled  - Use 32-bits oops without encoding when
 703 //     NarrowOopHeapBaseMin + heap_size < 4Gb
 704 // ZeroBased - Use zero based compressed oops with encoding when
 705 //     NarrowOopHeapBaseMin + heap_size < 32Gb
 706 // HeapBased - Use compressed oops with heap base + encoding.
 707 
 708 jint Universe::initialize_heap() {
 709   jint status = JNI_ERR;
 710 
 711 #if !INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
 712   if (UseParallelGC) {
 713     fatal("UseParallelGC not supported in this VM.");
 714   } else if (UseG1GC) {
 715     fatal("UseG1GC not supported in this VM.");
 716   } else if (UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
 717     fatal("UseConcMarkSweepGC not supported in this VM.");
 718 #else
 719   if (UseParallelGC) {
 720     status = Universe::create_heap<ParallelScavengeHeap, GenerationSizer>();
 721   } else if (UseG1GC) {
 722     status = Universe::create_heap<G1CollectedHeap, G1CollectorPolicyExt>();
 723   } else if (UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
 724     status = Universe::create_heap<GenCollectedHeap, ConcurrentMarkSweepPolicy>();
 725 #endif
 726   } else if (UseSerialGC) {
 727     status = Universe::create_heap<GenCollectedHeap, MarkSweepPolicy>();
 728   } else {
 729     ShouldNotReachHere();
 730   }
 731 
 732   if (status != JNI_OK) {
 733     return status;
 734   }
 735 
 736   ThreadLocalAllocBuffer::set_max_size(Universe::heap()->max_tlab_size());
 737 
 738 #ifdef _LP64
 739   if (UseCompressedOops) {
 740     // Subtract a page because something can get allocated at heap base.
 741     // This also makes implicit null checking work, because the
 742     // memory+1 page below heap_base needs to cause a signal.
 743     // See needs_explicit_null_check.
 744     // Only set the heap base for compressed oops because it indicates
 745     // compressed oops for pstack code.
 746     if ((uint64_t)Universe::heap()->reserved_region().end() > UnscaledOopHeapMax) {
 747       // Didn't reserve heap below 4Gb.  Must shift.
 748       Universe::set_narrow_oop_shift(LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes);
 749     }
 750     if ((uint64_t)Universe::heap()->reserved_region().end() <= OopEncodingHeapMax) {
 751       // Did reserve heap below 32Gb. Can use base == 0;
 752       Universe::set_narrow_oop_base(0);
 753     }
 754 
 755     Universe::set_narrow_ptrs_base(Universe::narrow_oop_base());
 756 
 757     if (PrintCompressedOopsMode || (PrintMiscellaneous && Verbose)) {
 758       Universe::print_compressed_oops_mode(tty);
 759     }
 760 
 761     // Tell tests in which mode we run.
 762     Arguments::PropertyList_add(new SystemProperty("java.vm.compressedOopsMode",
 763                                                    narrow_oop_mode_to_string(narrow_oop_mode()),
 764                                                    false));
 765   }
 766   // Universe::narrow_oop_base() is one page below the heap.
 767   assert((intptr_t)Universe::narrow_oop_base() <= (intptr_t)(Universe::heap()->base() -
 768          os::vm_page_size()) ||
 769          Universe::narrow_oop_base() == NULL, "invalid value");
 770   assert(Universe::narrow_oop_shift() == LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes ||
 771          Universe::narrow_oop_shift() == 0, "invalid value");
 772 #endif
 773 
 774   // We will never reach the CATCH below since Exceptions::_throw will cause
 775   // the VM to exit if an exception is thrown during initialization
 776 
 777   if (UseTLAB) {
 778     assert(Universe::heap()->supports_tlab_allocation(),
 779            "Should support thread-local allocation buffers");
 780     ThreadLocalAllocBuffer::startup_initialization();
 781   }
 782   return JNI_OK;
 783 }
 784 
 785 void Universe::print_compressed_oops_mode(outputStream* st) {
 786   st->print("heap address: " PTR_FORMAT ", size: " SIZE_FORMAT " MB",
 787               p2i(Universe::heap()->base()), Universe::heap()->reserved_region().byte_size()/M);
 788 
 789   st->print(", Compressed Oops mode: %s", narrow_oop_mode_to_string(narrow_oop_mode()));
 790 
 791   if (Universe::narrow_oop_base() != 0) {
 792     st->print(": " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(Universe::narrow_oop_base()));
 793   }
 794 
 795   if (Universe::narrow_oop_shift() != 0) {
 796     st->print(", Oop shift amount: %d", Universe::narrow_oop_shift());
 797   }
 798 
 799   if (!Universe::narrow_oop_use_implicit_null_checks()) {
 800     st->print(", no protected page in front of the heap");
 801   }
 802   st->cr();
 803 }
 804 
 805 ReservedSpace Universe::reserve_heap(size_t heap_size, size_t alignment) {
 806 
 807   assert(alignment <= Arguments::conservative_max_heap_alignment(),
 808       err_msg("actual alignment " SIZE_FORMAT " must be within maximum heap alignment " SIZE_FORMAT,
 809           alignment, Arguments::conservative_max_heap_alignment()));
 810 
 811   size_t total_reserved = align_size_up(heap_size, alignment);
 812   assert(!UseCompressedOops || (total_reserved <= (OopEncodingHeapMax - os::vm_page_size())),
 813       "heap size is too big for compressed oops");
 814 
 815   bool use_large_pages = UseLargePages && is_size_aligned(alignment, os::large_page_size());
 816   assert(!UseLargePages
 817       || UseParallelGC
 818       || use_large_pages, "Wrong alignment to use large pages");
 819 
 820   // Now create the space.
 821   ReservedHeapSpace total_rs(total_reserved, alignment, use_large_pages);
 822 
 823   if (total_rs.is_reserved()) {
 824     assert((total_reserved == total_rs.size()) && ((uintptr_t)total_rs.base() % alignment == 0),
 825            "must be exactly of required size and alignment");
 826     // We are good.
 827 
 828     if (UseCompressedOops) {
 829       // Universe::initialize_heap() will reset this to NULL if unscaled
 830       // or zero-based narrow oops are actually used.
 831       // Else heap start and base MUST differ, so that NULL can be encoded nonambigous.
 832       Universe::set_narrow_oop_base((address)total_rs.compressed_oop_base());
 833     }
 834 
 835     return total_rs;
 836   }
 837 
 838   vm_exit_during_initialization(
 839     err_msg("Could not reserve enough space for " SIZE_FORMAT "KB object heap",
 840             total_reserved/K));
 841 
 842   // satisfy compiler
 843   ShouldNotReachHere();
 844   return ReservedHeapSpace(0, 0, false);
 845 }
 846 
 847 
 848 // It's the caller's responsibility to ensure glitch-freedom
 849 // (if required).
 850 void Universe::update_heap_info_at_gc() {
 851   _heap_capacity_at_last_gc = heap()->capacity();
 852   _heap_used_at_last_gc     = heap()->used();
 853 }
 854 
 855 
 856 const char* Universe::narrow_oop_mode_to_string(Universe::NARROW_OOP_MODE mode) {
 857   switch (mode) {
 858     case UnscaledNarrowOop:
 859       return "32-bit";
 860     case ZeroBasedNarrowOop:
 861       return "Zero based";
 862     case DisjointBaseNarrowOop:
 863       return "Non-zero disjoint base";
 864     case HeapBasedNarrowOop:
 865       return "Non-zero based";
 866   }
 867 
 868   ShouldNotReachHere();
 869   return "";
 870 }
 871 
 872 
 873 Universe::NARROW_OOP_MODE Universe::narrow_oop_mode() {
 874   if (narrow_oop_base_disjoint()) {
 875     return DisjointBaseNarrowOop;
 876   }
 877 
 878   if (narrow_oop_base() != 0) {
 879     return HeapBasedNarrowOop;
 880   }
 881 
 882   if (narrow_oop_shift() != 0) {
 883     return ZeroBasedNarrowOop;
 884   }
 885 
 886   return UnscaledNarrowOop;
 887 }
 888 
 889 
 890 void universe2_init() {
 891   EXCEPTION_MARK;
 892   Universe::genesis(CATCH);
 893 }
 894 
 895 
 896 bool universe_post_init() {
 897   assert(!is_init_completed(), "Error: initialization not yet completed!");
 898   Universe::_fully_initialized = true;
 899   EXCEPTION_MARK;
 900   { ResourceMark rm;
 901     Interpreter::initialize();      // needed for interpreter entry points
 902     if (!UseSharedSpaces) {
 903       HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 904       KlassHandle ok_h(THREAD, SystemDictionary::Object_klass());
 905       Universe::reinitialize_vtable_of(ok_h, CHECK_false);
 906       Universe::reinitialize_itables(CHECK_false);
 907     }
 908   }
 909 
 910   HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 911   Klass* k;
 912   instanceKlassHandle k_h;
 913     // Setup preallocated empty java.lang.Class array
 914     Universe::_the_empty_class_klass_array = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Class_klass(), 0, CHECK_false);
 915 
 916     // Setup preallocated OutOfMemoryError errors
 917     k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError(), true, CHECK_false);
 918     k_h = instanceKlassHandle(THREAD, k);
 919     Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap = k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 920     Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace = k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 921     Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace = k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 922     Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size = k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 923     Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit =
 924       k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 925     Universe::_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects = k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 926 
 927     // Setup preallocated NullPointerException
 928     // (this is currently used for a cheap & dirty solution in compiler exception handling)
 929     k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException(), true, CHECK_false);
 930     Universe::_null_ptr_exception_instance = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 931     // Setup preallocated ArithmeticException
 932     // (this is currently used for a cheap & dirty solution in compiler exception handling)
 933     k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_ArithmeticException(), true, CHECK_false);
 934     Universe::_arithmetic_exception_instance = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 935     // Virtual Machine Error for when we get into a situation we can't resolve
 936     k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(
 937       vmSymbols::java_lang_VirtualMachineError(), true, CHECK_false);
 938     bool linked = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->link_class_or_fail(CHECK_false);
 939     if (!linked) {
 940       tty->print_cr("Unable to link/verify VirtualMachineError class");
 941       return false; // initialization failed
 942     }
 943     Universe::_virtual_machine_error_instance =
 944       InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 945 
 946     Universe::_vm_exception = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 947 
 948   if (!DumpSharedSpaces) {
 949     // These are the only Java fields that are currently set during shared space dumping.
 950     // We prefer to not handle this generally, so we always reinitialize these detail messages.
 951     Handle msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Java heap space", CHECK_false);
 952     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap, msg());
 953 
 954     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Metaspace", CHECK_false);
 955     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace, msg());
 956     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Compressed class space", CHECK_false);
 957     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace, msg());
 958 
 959     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Requested array size exceeds VM limit", CHECK_false);
 960     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size, msg());
 961 
 962     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("GC overhead limit exceeded", CHECK_false);
 963     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit, msg());
 964 
 965     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Java heap space: failed reallocation of scalar replaced objects", CHECK_false);
 966     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects, msg());
 967 
 968     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("/ by zero", CHECK_false);
 969     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_arithmetic_exception_instance, msg());
 970 
 971     // Setup the array of errors that have preallocated backtrace
 972     k = Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap->klass();
 973     assert(k->name() == vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError(), "should be out of memory error");
 974     k_h = instanceKlassHandle(THREAD, k);
 975 
 976     int len = (StackTraceInThrowable) ? (int)PreallocatedOutOfMemoryErrorCount : 0;
 977     Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array = oopFactory::new_objArray(k_h(), len, CHECK_false);
 978     for (int i=0; i<len; i++) {
 979       oop err = k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 980       Handle err_h = Handle(THREAD, err);
 981       java_lang_Throwable::allocate_backtrace(err_h, CHECK_false);
 982       Universe::preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at_put(i, err_h());
 983     }
 984     Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count = (jint)len;
 985   }
 986 
 987 
 988   // Setup static method for registering finalizers
 989   // The finalizer klass must be linked before looking up the method, in
 990   // case it needs to get rewritten.
 991   InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::Finalizer_klass())->link_class(CHECK_false);
 992   Method* m = InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::Finalizer_klass())->find_method(
 993                                   vmSymbols::register_method_name(),
 994                                   vmSymbols::register_method_signature());
 995   if (m == NULL || !m->is_static()) {
 996     tty->print_cr("Unable to link/verify Finalizer.register method");
 997     return false; // initialization failed (cannot throw exception yet)
 998   }
 999   Universe::_finalizer_register_cache->init(
1000     SystemDictionary::Finalizer_klass(), m);
1001 
1002   InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::misc_Unsafe_klass())->link_class(CHECK_false);
1003   m = InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::misc_Unsafe_klass())->find_method(
1004                                   vmSymbols::throwIllegalAccessError_name(),
1005                                   vmSymbols::void_method_signature());
1006   if (m != NULL && !m->is_static()) {
1007     // Note null is okay; this method is used in itables, and if it is null,
1008     // then AbstractMethodError is thrown instead.
1009     tty->print_cr("Unable to link/verify Unsafe.throwIllegalAccessError method");
1010     return false; // initialization failed (cannot throw exception yet)
1011   }
1012   Universe::_throw_illegal_access_error_cache->init(
1013     SystemDictionary::misc_Unsafe_klass(), m);
1014 
1015   // Setup method for registering loaded classes in class loader vector
1016   InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::ClassLoader_klass())->link_class(CHECK_false);
1017   m = InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::ClassLoader_klass())->find_method(vmSymbols::addClass_name(), vmSymbols::class_void_signature());
1018   if (m == NULL || m->is_static()) {
1019     tty->print_cr("Unable to link/verify ClassLoader.addClass method");
1020     return false; // initialization failed (cannot throw exception yet)
1021   }
1022   Universe::_loader_addClass_cache->init(
1023     SystemDictionary::ClassLoader_klass(), m);
1024 
1025   // Setup method for checking protection domain
1026   InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::ProtectionDomain_klass())->link_class(CHECK_false);
1027   m = InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::ProtectionDomain_klass())->
1028             find_method(vmSymbols::impliesCreateAccessControlContext_name(),
1029                         vmSymbols::void_boolean_signature());
1030   // Allow NULL which should only happen with bootstrapping.
1031   if (m != NULL) {
1032     if (m->is_static()) {
1033       // NoSuchMethodException doesn't actually work because it tries to run the
1034       // <init> function before java_lang_Class is linked. Print error and exit.
1035       tty->print_cr("ProtectionDomain.impliesCreateAccessControlContext() has the wrong linkage");
1036       return false; // initialization failed
1037     }
1038     Universe::_pd_implies_cache->init(
1039       SystemDictionary::ProtectionDomain_klass(), m);
1040   }
1041 
1042   // This needs to be done before the first scavenge/gc, since
1043   // it's an input to soft ref clearing policy.
1044   {
1045     MutexLocker x(Heap_lock);
1046     Universe::update_heap_info_at_gc();
1047   }
1048 
1049   // ("weak") refs processing infrastructure initialization
1050   Universe::heap()->post_initialize();
1051 
1052   // Initialize performance counters for metaspaces
1053   MetaspaceCounters::initialize_performance_counters();
1054   CompressedClassSpaceCounters::initialize_performance_counters();
1055 
1056   MemoryService::add_metaspace_memory_pools();
1057 
1058   MemoryService::set_universe_heap(Universe::heap());
1059 #if INCLUDE_CDS
1060   SharedClassUtil::initialize(CHECK_false);
1061 #endif
1062   return true;
1063 }
1064 
1065 
1066 void Universe::compute_base_vtable_size() {
1067   _base_vtable_size = ClassLoader::compute_Object_vtable();
1068 }
1069 
1070 
1071 void Universe::print() {
1072   print_on(gclog_or_tty);
1073 }
1074 
1075 void Universe::print_on(outputStream* st, bool extended) {
1076   st->print_cr("Heap");
1077   if (!extended) {
1078     heap()->print_on(st);
1079   } else {
1080     heap()->print_extended_on(st);
1081   }
1082 }
1083 
1084 void Universe::print_heap_at_SIGBREAK() {
1085   if (PrintHeapAtSIGBREAK) {
1086     MutexLocker hl(Heap_lock);
1087     print_on(tty);
1088     tty->cr();
1089     tty->flush();
1090   }
1091 }
1092 
1093 void Universe::print_heap_before_gc(outputStream* st, bool ignore_extended) {
1094   st->print_cr("{Heap before GC invocations=%u (full %u):",
1095                heap()->total_collections(),
1096                heap()->total_full_collections());
1097   if (!PrintHeapAtGCExtended || ignore_extended) {
1098     heap()->print_on(st);
1099   } else {
1100     heap()->print_extended_on(st);
1101   }
1102 }
1103 
1104 void Universe::print_heap_after_gc(outputStream* st, bool ignore_extended) {
1105   st->print_cr("Heap after GC invocations=%u (full %u):",
1106                heap()->total_collections(),
1107                heap()->total_full_collections());
1108   if (!PrintHeapAtGCExtended || ignore_extended) {
1109     heap()->print_on(st);
1110   } else {
1111     heap()->print_extended_on(st);
1112   }
1113   st->print_cr("}");
1114 }
1115 
1116 void Universe::verify(VerifyOption option, const char* prefix, bool silent) {
1117   // The use of _verify_in_progress is a temporary work around for
1118   // 6320749.  Don't bother with a creating a class to set and clear
1119   // it since it is only used in this method and the control flow is
1120   // straight forward.
1121   _verify_in_progress = true;
1122 
1123   COMPILER2_PRESENT(
1124     assert(!DerivedPointerTable::is_active(),
1125          "DPT should not be active during verification "
1126          "(of thread stacks below)");
1127   )
1128 
1129   ResourceMark rm;
1130   HandleMark hm;  // Handles created during verification can be zapped
1131   _verify_count++;
1132 
1133   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("%s", prefix);
1134   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("[Verifying ");
1135   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("threads ");
1136   Threads::verify();
1137   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("heap ");
1138   heap()->verify(silent, option);
1139   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("syms ");
1140   SymbolTable::verify();
1141   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("strs ");
1142   StringTable::verify();
1143   {
1144     MutexLockerEx mu(CodeCache_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
1145     if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("zone ");
1146     CodeCache::verify();
1147   }
1148   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("dict ");
1149   SystemDictionary::verify();
1150 #ifndef PRODUCT
1151   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("cldg ");
1152   ClassLoaderDataGraph::verify();
1153 #endif
1154   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("metaspace chunks ");
1155   MetaspaceAux::verify_free_chunks();
1156   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("hand ");
1157   JNIHandles::verify();
1158   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("C-heap ");
1159   os::check_heap();
1160   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("code cache ");
1161   CodeCache::verify_oops();
1162   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print_cr("]");
1163 
1164   _verify_in_progress = false;
1165 }
1166 
1167 // Oop verification (see MacroAssembler::verify_oop)
1168 
1169 static uintptr_t _verify_oop_data[2]   = {0, (uintptr_t)-1};
1170 static uintptr_t _verify_klass_data[2] = {0, (uintptr_t)-1};
1171 
1172 
1173 #ifndef PRODUCT
1174 
1175 static void calculate_verify_data(uintptr_t verify_data[2],
1176                                   HeapWord* low_boundary,
1177                                   HeapWord* high_boundary) {
1178   assert(low_boundary < high_boundary, "bad interval");
1179 
1180   // decide which low-order bits we require to be clear:
1181   size_t alignSize = MinObjAlignmentInBytes;
1182   size_t min_object_size = CollectedHeap::min_fill_size();
1183 
1184   // make an inclusive limit:
1185   uintptr_t max = (uintptr_t)high_boundary - min_object_size*wordSize;
1186   uintptr_t min = (uintptr_t)low_boundary;
1187   assert(min < max, "bad interval");
1188   uintptr_t diff = max ^ min;
1189 
1190   // throw away enough low-order bits to make the diff vanish
1191   uintptr_t mask = (uintptr_t)(-1);
1192   while ((mask & diff) != 0)
1193     mask <<= 1;
1194   uintptr_t bits = (min & mask);
1195   assert(bits == (max & mask), "correct mask");
1196   // check an intermediate value between min and max, just to make sure:
1197   assert(bits == ((min + (max-min)/2) & mask), "correct mask");
1198 
1199   // require address alignment, too:
1200   mask |= (alignSize - 1);
1201 
1202   if (!(verify_data[0] == 0 && verify_data[1] == (uintptr_t)-1)) {
1203     assert(verify_data[0] == mask && verify_data[1] == bits, "mask stability");
1204   }
1205   verify_data[0] = mask;
1206   verify_data[1] = bits;
1207 }
1208 
1209 // Oop verification (see MacroAssembler::verify_oop)
1210 
1211 uintptr_t Universe::verify_oop_mask() {
1212   MemRegion m = heap()->reserved_region();
1213   calculate_verify_data(_verify_oop_data,
1214                         m.start(),
1215                         m.end());
1216   return _verify_oop_data[0];
1217 }
1218 
1219 
1220 
1221 uintptr_t Universe::verify_oop_bits() {
1222   verify_oop_mask();
1223   return _verify_oop_data[1];
1224 }
1225 
1226 uintptr_t Universe::verify_mark_mask() {
1227   return markOopDesc::lock_mask_in_place;
1228 }
1229 
1230 uintptr_t Universe::verify_mark_bits() {
1231   intptr_t mask = verify_mark_mask();
1232   intptr_t bits = (intptr_t)markOopDesc::prototype();
1233   assert((bits & ~mask) == 0, "no stray header bits");
1234   return bits;
1235 }
1236 #endif // PRODUCT
1237 
1238 
1239 void Universe::compute_verify_oop_data() {
1240   verify_oop_mask();
1241   verify_oop_bits();
1242   verify_mark_mask();
1243   verify_mark_bits();
1244 }
1245 
1246 
1247 void LatestMethodCache::init(Klass* k, Method* m) {
1248   if (!UseSharedSpaces) {
1249     _klass = k;
1250   }
1251 #ifndef PRODUCT
1252   else {
1253     // sharing initilization should have already set up _klass
1254     assert(_klass != NULL, "just checking");
1255   }
1256 #endif
1257 
1258   _method_idnum = m->method_idnum();
1259   assert(_method_idnum >= 0, "sanity check");
1260 }
1261 
1262 
1263 Method* LatestMethodCache::get_method() {
1264   if (klass() == NULL) return NULL;
1265   InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(klass());
1266   Method* m = ik->method_with_idnum(method_idnum());
1267   assert(m != NULL, "sanity check");
1268   return m;
1269 }
1270 
1271 
1272 #ifdef ASSERT
1273 // Release dummy object(s) at bottom of heap
1274 bool Universe::release_fullgc_alot_dummy() {
1275   MutexLocker ml(FullGCALot_lock);
1276   if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_array != NULL) {
1277     if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_next >= _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->length()) {
1278       // No more dummies to release, release entire array instead
1279       _fullgc_alot_dummy_array = NULL;
1280       return false;
1281     }
1282     if (!UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
1283       // Release dummy at bottom of old generation
1284       _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->obj_at_put(_fullgc_alot_dummy_next++, NULL);
1285     }
1286     // Release dummy at bottom of permanent generation
1287     _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->obj_at_put(_fullgc_alot_dummy_next++, NULL);
1288   }
1289   return true;
1290 }
1291 
1292 #endif // ASSERT