1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "precompiled.hpp"
  26 #include "classfile/classLoader.hpp"
  27 #include "classfile/javaAssertions.hpp"
  28 #include "classfile/stringTable.hpp"
  29 #include "classfile/symbolTable.hpp"
  30 #include "code/codeCacheExtensions.hpp"
  31 #include "compiler/compilerOracle.hpp"
  32 #include "gc/shared/cardTableRS.hpp"
  33 #include "gc/shared/genCollectedHeap.hpp"
  34 #include "gc/shared/referenceProcessor.hpp"
  35 #include "gc/shared/taskqueue.hpp"
  36 #include "memory/allocation.inline.hpp"
  37 #include "memory/universe.inline.hpp"
  38 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  39 #include "prims/jvmtiExport.hpp"
  40 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
  41 #include "runtime/arguments_ext.hpp"
  42 #include "runtime/commandLineFlagConstraintList.hpp"
  43 #include "runtime/commandLineFlagRangeList.hpp"
  44 #include "runtime/globals.hpp"
  45 #include "runtime/globals_extension.hpp"
  46 #include "runtime/java.hpp"
  47 #include "runtime/os.hpp"
  48 #include "runtime/vm_version.hpp"
  49 #include "services/management.hpp"
  50 #include "services/memTracker.hpp"
  51 #include "utilities/defaultStream.hpp"
  52 #include "utilities/macros.hpp"
  53 #include "utilities/stringUtils.hpp"
  54 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
  55 #include "gc/cms/compactibleFreeListSpace.hpp"
  56 #include "gc/g1/g1CollectedHeap.inline.hpp"
  57 #include "gc/parallel/parallelScavengeHeap.hpp"
  58 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
  59 
  60 // Note: This is a special bug reporting site for the JVM
  61 #define DEFAULT_VENDOR_URL_BUG "http://bugreport.java.com/bugreport/crash.jsp"
  62 #define DEFAULT_JAVA_LAUNCHER  "generic"
  63 
  64 #define UNSUPPORTED_GC_OPTION(gc)                                     \
  65 do {                                                                  \
  66   if (gc) {                                                           \
  67     if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(gc)) {                                        \
  68       warning(#gc " is not supported in this VM.  Using Serial GC."); \
  69     }                                                                 \
  70     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(gc, false);                                      \
  71   }                                                                   \
  72 } while(0)
  73 
  74 char** Arguments::_jvm_flags_array              = NULL;
  75 int    Arguments::_num_jvm_flags                = 0;
  76 char** Arguments::_jvm_args_array               = NULL;
  77 int    Arguments::_num_jvm_args                 = 0;
  78 char*  Arguments::_java_command                 = NULL;
  79 SystemProperty* Arguments::_system_properties   = NULL;
  80 const char*  Arguments::_gc_log_filename        = NULL;
  81 bool   Arguments::_has_profile                  = false;
  82 size_t Arguments::_conservative_max_heap_alignment = 0;
  83 size_t Arguments::_min_heap_size                = 0;
  84 Arguments::Mode Arguments::_mode                = _mixed;
  85 bool   Arguments::_java_compiler                = false;
  86 bool   Arguments::_xdebug_mode                  = false;
  87 const char*  Arguments::_java_vendor_url_bug    = DEFAULT_VENDOR_URL_BUG;
  88 const char*  Arguments::_sun_java_launcher      = DEFAULT_JAVA_LAUNCHER;
  89 int    Arguments::_sun_java_launcher_pid        = -1;
  90 bool   Arguments::_sun_java_launcher_is_altjvm  = false;
  91 
  92 // These parameters are reset in method parse_vm_init_args()
  93 bool   Arguments::_AlwaysCompileLoopMethods     = AlwaysCompileLoopMethods;
  94 bool   Arguments::_UseOnStackReplacement        = UseOnStackReplacement;
  95 bool   Arguments::_BackgroundCompilation        = BackgroundCompilation;
  96 bool   Arguments::_ClipInlining                 = ClipInlining;
  97 intx   Arguments::_Tier3InvokeNotifyFreqLog     = Tier3InvokeNotifyFreqLog;
  98 intx   Arguments::_Tier4InvocationThreshold     = Tier4InvocationThreshold;
  99 
 100 char*  Arguments::SharedArchivePath             = NULL;
 101 
 102 AgentLibraryList Arguments::_libraryList;
 103 AgentLibraryList Arguments::_agentList;
 104 
 105 abort_hook_t     Arguments::_abort_hook         = NULL;
 106 exit_hook_t      Arguments::_exit_hook          = NULL;
 107 vfprintf_hook_t  Arguments::_vfprintf_hook      = NULL;
 108 
 109 
 110 SystemProperty *Arguments::_sun_boot_library_path = NULL;
 111 SystemProperty *Arguments::_java_library_path = NULL;
 112 SystemProperty *Arguments::_java_home = NULL;
 113 SystemProperty *Arguments::_java_class_path = NULL;
 114 SystemProperty *Arguments::_sun_boot_class_path = NULL;
 115 
 116 char* Arguments::_ext_dirs = NULL;
 117 
 118 // Check if head of 'option' matches 'name', and sets 'tail' to the remaining
 119 // part of the option string.
 120 static bool match_option(const JavaVMOption *option, const char* name,
 121                          const char** tail) {
 122   int len = (int)strlen(name);
 123   if (strncmp(option->optionString, name, len) == 0) {
 124     *tail = option->optionString + len;
 125     return true;
 126   } else {
 127     return false;
 128   }
 129 }
 130 
 131 // Check if 'option' matches 'name'. No "tail" is allowed.
 132 static bool match_option(const JavaVMOption *option, const char* name) {
 133   const char* tail = NULL;
 134   bool result = match_option(option, name, &tail);
 135   if (tail != NULL && *tail == '\0') {
 136     return result;
 137   } else {
 138     return false;
 139   }
 140 }
 141 
 142 // Return true if any of the strings in null-terminated array 'names' matches.
 143 // If tail_allowed is true, then the tail must begin with a colon; otherwise,
 144 // the option must match exactly.
 145 static bool match_option(const JavaVMOption* option, const char** names, const char** tail,
 146   bool tail_allowed) {
 147   for (/* empty */; *names != NULL; ++names) {
 148     if (match_option(option, *names, tail)) {
 149       if (**tail == '\0' || tail_allowed && **tail == ':') {
 150         return true;
 151       }
 152     }
 153   }
 154   return false;
 155 }
 156 
 157 static void logOption(const char* opt) {
 158   if (PrintVMOptions) {
 159     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(), "VM option '%s'\n", opt);
 160   }
 161 }
 162 
 163 // Process java launcher properties.
 164 void Arguments::process_sun_java_launcher_properties(JavaVMInitArgs* args) {
 165   // See if sun.java.launcher, sun.java.launcher.is_altjvm or
 166   // sun.java.launcher.pid is defined.
 167   // Must do this before setting up other system properties,
 168   // as some of them may depend on launcher type.
 169   for (int index = 0; index < args->nOptions; index++) {
 170     const JavaVMOption* option = args->options + index;
 171     const char* tail;
 172 
 173     if (match_option(option, "-Dsun.java.launcher=", &tail)) {
 174       process_java_launcher_argument(tail, option->extraInfo);
 175       continue;
 176     }
 177     if (match_option(option, "-Dsun.java.launcher.is_altjvm=", &tail)) {
 178       if (strcmp(tail, "true") == 0) {
 179         _sun_java_launcher_is_altjvm = true;
 180       }
 181       continue;
 182     }
 183     if (match_option(option, "-Dsun.java.launcher.pid=", &tail)) {
 184       _sun_java_launcher_pid = atoi(tail);
 185       continue;
 186     }
 187   }
 188 }
 189 
 190 // Initialize system properties key and value.
 191 void Arguments::init_system_properties() {
 192   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, new SystemProperty("java.vm.specification.name",
 193                                                                  "Java Virtual Machine Specification",  false));
 194   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, new SystemProperty("java.vm.version", VM_Version::vm_release(),  false));
 195   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, new SystemProperty("java.vm.name", VM_Version::vm_name(),  false));
 196   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, new SystemProperty("java.vm.info", VM_Version::vm_info_string(),  true));
 197 
 198   // Following are JVMTI agent writable properties.
 199   // Properties values are set to NULL and they are
 200   // os specific they are initialized in os::init_system_properties_values().
 201   _sun_boot_library_path = new SystemProperty("sun.boot.library.path", NULL,  true);
 202   _java_library_path = new SystemProperty("java.library.path", NULL,  true);
 203   _java_home =  new SystemProperty("java.home", NULL,  true);
 204   _sun_boot_class_path = new SystemProperty("sun.boot.class.path", NULL,  true);
 205 
 206   _java_class_path = new SystemProperty("java.class.path", "",  true);
 207 
 208   // Add to System Property list.
 209   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _sun_boot_library_path);
 210   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _java_library_path);
 211   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _java_home);
 212   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _java_class_path);
 213   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _sun_boot_class_path);
 214 
 215   // Set OS specific system properties values
 216   os::init_system_properties_values();
 217 }
 218 
 219 // Update/Initialize System properties after JDK version number is known
 220 void Arguments::init_version_specific_system_properties() {
 221   enum { bufsz = 16 };
 222   char buffer[bufsz];
 223   const char* spec_vendor = "Sun Microsystems Inc.";
 224   uint32_t spec_version = 0;
 225 
 226   spec_vendor = "Oracle Corporation";
 227   spec_version = JDK_Version::current().major_version();
 228   jio_snprintf(buffer, bufsz, "1." UINT32_FORMAT, spec_version);
 229 
 230   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties,
 231       new SystemProperty("java.vm.specification.vendor",  spec_vendor, false));
 232   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties,
 233       new SystemProperty("java.vm.specification.version", buffer, false));
 234   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties,
 235       new SystemProperty("java.vm.vendor", VM_Version::vm_vendor(),  false));
 236 }
 237 
 238 /**
 239  * Provide a slightly more user-friendly way of eliminating -XX flags.
 240  * When a flag is eliminated, it can be added to this list in order to
 241  * continue accepting this flag on the command-line, while issuing a warning
 242  * and ignoring the value.  Once the JDK version reaches the 'accept_until'
 243  * limit, we flatly refuse to admit the existence of the flag.  This allows
 244  * a flag to die correctly over JDK releases using HSX.
 245  * But now that HSX is no longer supported only options with a future
 246  * accept_until value need to be listed, and the list can be pruned
 247  * on each major release.
 248  */
 249 typedef struct {
 250   const char* name;
 251   JDK_Version obsoleted_in; // when the flag went away
 252   JDK_Version accept_until; // which version to start denying the existence
 253 } ObsoleteFlag;
 254 
 255 static ObsoleteFlag obsolete_jvm_flags[] = {
 256   { "UseOldInlining",                JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::jdk(10) },
 257   { "SafepointPollOffset",           JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::jdk(10) },
 258   { "UseBoundThreads",               JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::jdk(10) },
 259   { "DefaultThreadPriority",         JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::jdk(10) },
 260   { "NoYieldsInMicrolock",           JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::jdk(10) },
 261   { "BackEdgeThreshold",             JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::jdk(10) },
 262   { "UseNewReflection",              JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::jdk(10) },
 263   { "ReflectionWrapResolutionErrors",JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::jdk(10) },
 264   { "VerifyReflectionBytecodes",     JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::jdk(10) },
 265   { "AutoShutdownNMT",               JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::jdk(10) },
 266   { "NmethodSweepFraction",          JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::jdk(10) },
 267   { "NmethodSweepCheckInterval",     JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::jdk(10) },
 268   { "CodeCacheMinimumFreeSpace",     JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::jdk(10) },
 269 #ifndef ZERO
 270   { "UseFastAccessorMethods",        JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::jdk(10) },
 271   { "UseFastEmptyMethods",           JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::jdk(10) },
 272 #endif // ZERO
 273   { "UseCompilerSafepoints",         JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::jdk(10) },
 274   { "AdaptiveSizePausePolicy",       JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::jdk(10) },
 275   { "ParallelGCRetainPLAB",          JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::jdk(10) },
 276   { "ThreadSafetyMargin",            JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::jdk(10) },
 277   { "LazyBootClassLoader",           JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::jdk(10) },
 278   { "StarvationMonitorInterval",     JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::jdk(10) },
 279   { "PreInflateSpin",                JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::jdk(10) },
 280   { NULL, JDK_Version(0), JDK_Version(0) }
 281 };
 282 
 283 // Returns true if the flag is obsolete and fits into the range specified
 284 // for being ignored.  In the case that the flag is ignored, the 'version'
 285 // value is filled in with the version number when the flag became
 286 // obsolete so that that value can be displayed to the user.
 287 bool Arguments::is_newly_obsolete(const char *s, JDK_Version* version) {
 288   int i = 0;
 289   assert(version != NULL, "Must provide a version buffer");
 290   while (obsolete_jvm_flags[i].name != NULL) {
 291     const ObsoleteFlag& flag_status = obsolete_jvm_flags[i];
 292     // <flag>=xxx form
 293     // [-|+]<flag> form
 294     size_t len = strlen(flag_status.name);
 295     if ((strncmp(flag_status.name, s, len) == 0) &&
 296         (strlen(s) == len)){
 297       if (JDK_Version::current().compare(flag_status.accept_until) == -1) {
 298           *version = flag_status.obsoleted_in;
 299           return true;
 300       }
 301     }
 302     i++;
 303   }
 304   return false;
 305 }
 306 
 307 // Constructs the system class path (aka boot class path) from the following
 308 // components, in order:
 309 //
 310 //     prefix           // from -Xbootclasspath/p:...
 311 //     base             // from os::get_system_properties() or -Xbootclasspath=
 312 //     suffix           // from -Xbootclasspath/a:...
 313 //
 314 // This could be AllStatic, but it isn't needed after argument processing is
 315 // complete.
 316 class SysClassPath: public StackObj {
 317 public:
 318   SysClassPath(const char* base);
 319   ~SysClassPath();
 320 
 321   inline void set_base(const char* base);
 322   inline void add_prefix(const char* prefix);
 323   inline void add_suffix_to_prefix(const char* suffix);
 324   inline void add_suffix(const char* suffix);
 325   inline void reset_path(const char* base);
 326 
 327   inline const char* get_base()     const { return _items[_scp_base]; }
 328   inline const char* get_prefix()   const { return _items[_scp_prefix]; }
 329   inline const char* get_suffix()   const { return _items[_scp_suffix]; }
 330 
 331   // Combine all the components into a single c-heap-allocated string; caller
 332   // must free the string if/when no longer needed.
 333   char* combined_path();
 334 
 335 private:
 336   // Utility routines.
 337   static char* add_to_path(const char* path, const char* str, bool prepend);
 338   static char* add_jars_to_path(char* path, const char* directory);
 339 
 340   inline void reset_item_at(int index);
 341 
 342   // Array indices for the items that make up the sysclasspath.  All except the
 343   // base are allocated in the C heap and freed by this class.
 344   enum {
 345     _scp_prefix,        // from -Xbootclasspath/p:...
 346     _scp_base,          // the default sysclasspath
 347     _scp_suffix,        // from -Xbootclasspath/a:...
 348     _scp_nitems         // the number of items, must be last.
 349   };
 350 
 351   const char* _items[_scp_nitems];
 352 };
 353 
 354 SysClassPath::SysClassPath(const char* base) {
 355   memset(_items, 0, sizeof(_items));
 356   _items[_scp_base] = base;
 357 }
 358 
 359 SysClassPath::~SysClassPath() {
 360   // Free everything except the base.
 361   for (int i = 0; i < _scp_nitems; ++i) {
 362     if (i != _scp_base) reset_item_at(i);
 363   }
 364 }
 365 
 366 inline void SysClassPath::set_base(const char* base) {
 367   _items[_scp_base] = base;
 368 }
 369 
 370 inline void SysClassPath::add_prefix(const char* prefix) {
 371   _items[_scp_prefix] = add_to_path(_items[_scp_prefix], prefix, true);
 372 }
 373 
 374 inline void SysClassPath::add_suffix_to_prefix(const char* suffix) {
 375   _items[_scp_prefix] = add_to_path(_items[_scp_prefix], suffix, false);
 376 }
 377 
 378 inline void SysClassPath::add_suffix(const char* suffix) {
 379   _items[_scp_suffix] = add_to_path(_items[_scp_suffix], suffix, false);
 380 }
 381 
 382 inline void SysClassPath::reset_item_at(int index) {
 383   assert(index < _scp_nitems && index != _scp_base, "just checking");
 384   if (_items[index] != NULL) {
 385     FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, _items[index]);
 386     _items[index] = NULL;
 387   }
 388 }
 389 
 390 inline void SysClassPath::reset_path(const char* base) {
 391   // Clear the prefix and suffix.
 392   reset_item_at(_scp_prefix);
 393   reset_item_at(_scp_suffix);
 394   set_base(base);
 395 }
 396 
 397 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 398 
 399 
 400 // Combine the bootclasspath elements, some of which may be null, into a single
 401 // c-heap-allocated string.
 402 char* SysClassPath::combined_path() {
 403   assert(_items[_scp_base] != NULL, "empty default sysclasspath");
 404 
 405   size_t lengths[_scp_nitems];
 406   size_t total_len = 0;
 407 
 408   const char separator = *os::path_separator();
 409 
 410   // Get the lengths.
 411   int i;
 412   for (i = 0; i < _scp_nitems; ++i) {
 413     if (_items[i] != NULL) {
 414       lengths[i] = strlen(_items[i]);
 415       // Include space for the separator char (or a NULL for the last item).
 416       total_len += lengths[i] + 1;
 417     }
 418   }
 419   assert(total_len > 0, "empty sysclasspath not allowed");
 420 
 421   // Copy the _items to a single string.
 422   char* cp = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, total_len, mtInternal);
 423   char* cp_tmp = cp;
 424   for (i = 0; i < _scp_nitems; ++i) {
 425     if (_items[i] != NULL) {
 426       memcpy(cp_tmp, _items[i], lengths[i]);
 427       cp_tmp += lengths[i];
 428       *cp_tmp++ = separator;
 429     }
 430   }
 431   *--cp_tmp = '\0';     // Replace the extra separator.
 432   return cp;
 433 }
 434 
 435 // Note:  path must be c-heap-allocated (or NULL); it is freed if non-null.
 436 char*
 437 SysClassPath::add_to_path(const char* path, const char* str, bool prepend) {
 438   char *cp;
 439 
 440   assert(str != NULL, "just checking");
 441   if (path == NULL) {
 442     size_t len = strlen(str) + 1;
 443     cp = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len, mtInternal);
 444     memcpy(cp, str, len);                       // copy the trailing null
 445   } else {
 446     const char separator = *os::path_separator();
 447     size_t old_len = strlen(path);
 448     size_t str_len = strlen(str);
 449     size_t len = old_len + str_len + 2;
 450 
 451     if (prepend) {
 452       cp = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len, mtInternal);
 453       char* cp_tmp = cp;
 454       memcpy(cp_tmp, str, str_len);
 455       cp_tmp += str_len;
 456       *cp_tmp = separator;
 457       memcpy(++cp_tmp, path, old_len + 1);      // copy the trailing null
 458       FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, path);
 459     } else {
 460       cp = REALLOC_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, path, len, mtInternal);
 461       char* cp_tmp = cp + old_len;
 462       *cp_tmp = separator;
 463       memcpy(++cp_tmp, str, str_len + 1);       // copy the trailing null
 464     }
 465   }
 466   return cp;
 467 }
 468 
 469 // Scan the directory and append any jar or zip files found to path.
 470 // Note:  path must be c-heap-allocated (or NULL); it is freed if non-null.
 471 char* SysClassPath::add_jars_to_path(char* path, const char* directory) {
 472   DIR* dir = os::opendir(directory);
 473   if (dir == NULL) return path;
 474 
 475   char dir_sep[2] = { '\0', '\0' };
 476   size_t directory_len = strlen(directory);
 477   const char fileSep = *os::file_separator();
 478   if (directory[directory_len - 1] != fileSep) dir_sep[0] = fileSep;
 479 
 480   /* Scan the directory for jars/zips, appending them to path. */
 481   struct dirent *entry;
 482   char *dbuf = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, os::readdir_buf_size(directory), mtInternal);
 483   while ((entry = os::readdir(dir, (dirent *) dbuf)) != NULL) {
 484     const char* name = entry->d_name;
 485     const char* ext = name + strlen(name) - 4;
 486     bool isJarOrZip = ext > name &&
 487       (os::file_name_strcmp(ext, ".jar") == 0 ||
 488        os::file_name_strcmp(ext, ".zip") == 0);
 489     if (isJarOrZip) {
 490       char* jarpath = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, directory_len + 2 + strlen(name), mtInternal);
 491       sprintf(jarpath, "%s%s%s", directory, dir_sep, name);
 492       path = add_to_path(path, jarpath, false);
 493       FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, jarpath);
 494     }
 495   }
 496   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, dbuf);
 497   os::closedir(dir);
 498   return path;
 499 }
 500 
 501 // Parses a memory size specification string.
 502 static bool atomull(const char *s, julong* result) {
 503   julong n = 0;
 504   int args_read = 0;
 505   bool is_hex = false;
 506   // Skip leading 0[xX] for hexadecimal
 507   if (*s =='0' && (*(s+1) == 'x' || *(s+1) == 'X')) {
 508     s += 2;
 509     is_hex = true;
 510     args_read = sscanf(s, JULONG_FORMAT_X, &n);
 511   } else {
 512     args_read = sscanf(s, JULONG_FORMAT, &n);
 513   }
 514   if (args_read != 1) {
 515     return false;
 516   }
 517   while (*s != '\0' && (isdigit(*s) || (is_hex && isxdigit(*s)))) {
 518     s++;
 519   }
 520   // 4705540: illegal if more characters are found after the first non-digit
 521   if (strlen(s) > 1) {
 522     return false;
 523   }
 524   switch (*s) {
 525     case 'T': case 't':
 526       *result = n * G * K;
 527       // Check for overflow.
 528       if (*result/((julong)G * K) != n) return false;
 529       return true;
 530     case 'G': case 'g':
 531       *result = n * G;
 532       if (*result/G != n) return false;
 533       return true;
 534     case 'M': case 'm':
 535       *result = n * M;
 536       if (*result/M != n) return false;
 537       return true;
 538     case 'K': case 'k':
 539       *result = n * K;
 540       if (*result/K != n) return false;
 541       return true;
 542     case '\0':
 543       *result = n;
 544       return true;
 545     default:
 546       return false;
 547   }
 548 }
 549 
 550 Arguments::ArgsRange Arguments::check_memory_size(julong size, julong min_size) {
 551   if (size < min_size) return arg_too_small;
 552   // Check that size will fit in a size_t (only relevant on 32-bit)
 553   if (size > max_uintx) return arg_too_big;
 554   return arg_in_range;
 555 }
 556 
 557 // Describe an argument out of range error
 558 void Arguments::describe_range_error(ArgsRange errcode) {
 559   switch(errcode) {
 560   case arg_too_big:
 561     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
 562                 "The specified size exceeds the maximum "
 563                 "representable size.\n");
 564     break;
 565   case arg_too_small:
 566   case arg_unreadable:
 567   case arg_in_range:
 568     // do nothing for now
 569     break;
 570   default:
 571     ShouldNotReachHere();
 572   }
 573 }
 574 
 575 static bool set_bool_flag(char* name, bool value, Flag::Flags origin) {
 576   if (CommandLineFlags::boolAtPut(name, &value, origin) == Flag::SUCCESS) {
 577     return true;
 578   } else {
 579     return false;
 580   }
 581 }
 582 
 583 static bool set_fp_numeric_flag(char* name, char* value, Flag::Flags origin) {
 584   char* end;
 585   errno = 0;
 586   double v = strtod(value, &end);
 587   if ((errno != 0) || (*end != 0)) {
 588     return false;
 589   }
 590 
 591   if (CommandLineFlags::doubleAtPut(name, &v, origin) == Flag::SUCCESS) {
 592     return true;
 593   }
 594   return false;
 595 }
 596 
 597 static bool set_numeric_flag(char* name, char* value, Flag::Flags origin) {
 598   julong v;
 599   int int_v;
 600   intx intx_v;
 601   bool is_neg = false;
 602   // Check the sign first since atomull() parses only unsigned values.
 603   if (*value == '-') {
 604     if ((CommandLineFlags::intxAt(name, &intx_v) != Flag::SUCCESS) && (CommandLineFlags::intAt(name, &int_v) != Flag::SUCCESS)) {
 605       return false;
 606     }
 607     value++;
 608     is_neg = true;
 609   }
 610   if (!atomull(value, &v)) {
 611     return false;
 612   }
 613   int_v = (int) v;
 614   if (is_neg) {
 615     int_v = -int_v;
 616   }
 617   if (CommandLineFlags::intAtPut(name, &int_v, origin) == Flag::SUCCESS) {
 618     return true;
 619   }
 620   uint uint_v = (uint) v;
 621   if (!is_neg && CommandLineFlags::uintAtPut(name, &uint_v, origin) == Flag::SUCCESS) {
 622     return true;
 623   }
 624   intx_v = (intx) v;
 625   if (is_neg) {
 626     intx_v = -intx_v;
 627   }
 628   if (CommandLineFlags::intxAtPut(name, &intx_v, origin) == Flag::SUCCESS) {
 629     return true;
 630   }
 631   uintx uintx_v = (uintx) v;
 632   if (!is_neg && (CommandLineFlags::uintxAtPut(name, &uintx_v, origin) == Flag::SUCCESS)) {
 633     return true;
 634   }
 635   uint64_t uint64_t_v = (uint64_t) v;
 636   if (!is_neg && (CommandLineFlags::uint64_tAtPut(name, &uint64_t_v, origin) == Flag::SUCCESS)) {
 637     return true;
 638   }
 639   size_t size_t_v = (size_t) v;
 640   if (!is_neg && (CommandLineFlags::size_tAtPut(name, &size_t_v, origin) == Flag::SUCCESS)) {
 641     return true;
 642   }
 643   return false;
 644 }
 645 
 646 static bool set_string_flag(char* name, const char* value, Flag::Flags origin) {
 647   if (CommandLineFlags::ccstrAtPut(name, &value, origin) != Flag::SUCCESS) return false;
 648   // Contract:  CommandLineFlags always returns a pointer that needs freeing.
 649   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, value);
 650   return true;
 651 }
 652 
 653 static bool append_to_string_flag(char* name, const char* new_value, Flag::Flags origin) {
 654   const char* old_value = "";
 655   if (CommandLineFlags::ccstrAt(name, &old_value) != Flag::SUCCESS) return false;
 656   size_t old_len = old_value != NULL ? strlen(old_value) : 0;
 657   size_t new_len = strlen(new_value);
 658   const char* value;
 659   char* free_this_too = NULL;
 660   if (old_len == 0) {
 661     value = new_value;
 662   } else if (new_len == 0) {
 663     value = old_value;
 664   } else {
 665     char* buf = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, old_len + 1 + new_len + 1, mtInternal);
 666     // each new setting adds another LINE to the switch:
 667     sprintf(buf, "%s\n%s", old_value, new_value);
 668     value = buf;
 669     free_this_too = buf;
 670   }
 671   (void) CommandLineFlags::ccstrAtPut(name, &value, origin);
 672   // CommandLineFlags always returns a pointer that needs freeing.
 673   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, value);
 674   if (free_this_too != NULL) {
 675     // CommandLineFlags made its own copy, so I must delete my own temp. buffer.
 676     FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, free_this_too);
 677   }
 678   return true;
 679 }
 680 
 681 bool Arguments::parse_argument(const char* arg, Flag::Flags origin) {
 682 
 683   // range of acceptable characters spelled out for portability reasons
 684 #define NAME_RANGE  "[abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789_]"
 685 #define BUFLEN 255
 686   char name[BUFLEN+1];
 687   char dummy;
 688 
 689   if (sscanf(arg, "-%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "%c", name, &dummy) == 1) {
 690     return set_bool_flag(name, false, origin);
 691   }
 692   if (sscanf(arg, "+%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "%c", name, &dummy) == 1) {
 693     return set_bool_flag(name, true, origin);
 694   }
 695 
 696   char punct;
 697   if (sscanf(arg, "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "%c", name, &punct) == 2 && punct == '=') {
 698     const char* value = strchr(arg, '=') + 1;
 699     Flag* flag = Flag::find_flag(name, strlen(name));
 700     if (flag != NULL && flag->is_ccstr()) {
 701       if (flag->ccstr_accumulates()) {
 702         return append_to_string_flag(name, value, origin);
 703       } else {
 704         if (value[0] == '\0') {
 705           value = NULL;
 706         }
 707         return set_string_flag(name, value, origin);
 708       }
 709     }
 710   }
 711 
 712   if (sscanf(arg, "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE ":%c", name, &punct) == 2 && punct == '=') {
 713     const char* value = strchr(arg, '=') + 1;
 714     // -XX:Foo:=xxx will reset the string flag to the given value.
 715     if (value[0] == '\0') {
 716       value = NULL;
 717     }
 718     return set_string_flag(name, value, origin);
 719   }
 720 
 721 #define SIGNED_FP_NUMBER_RANGE "[-0123456789.eE+]"
 722 #define SIGNED_NUMBER_RANGE    "[-0123456789]"
 723 #define        NUMBER_RANGE    "[0123456789eE+-]"
 724   char value[BUFLEN + 1];
 725   char value2[BUFLEN + 1];
 726   if (sscanf(arg, "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "=" "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) SIGNED_NUMBER_RANGE "." "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NUMBER_RANGE "%c", name, value, value2, &dummy) == 3) {
 727     // Looks like a floating-point number -- try again with more lenient format string
 728     if (sscanf(arg, "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "=" "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) SIGNED_FP_NUMBER_RANGE "%c", name, value, &dummy) == 2) {
 729       return set_fp_numeric_flag(name, value, origin);
 730     }
 731   }
 732 
 733 #define VALUE_RANGE "[-kmgtxKMGTX0123456789abcdefABCDEF]"
 734   if (sscanf(arg, "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "=" "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) VALUE_RANGE "%c", name, value, &dummy) == 2) {
 735     return set_numeric_flag(name, value, origin);
 736   }
 737 
 738   return false;
 739 }
 740 
 741 void Arguments::add_string(char*** bldarray, int* count, const char* arg) {
 742   assert(bldarray != NULL, "illegal argument");
 743 
 744   if (arg == NULL) {
 745     return;
 746   }
 747 
 748   int new_count = *count + 1;
 749 
 750   // expand the array and add arg to the last element
 751   if (*bldarray == NULL) {
 752     *bldarray = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char*, new_count, mtInternal);
 753   } else {
 754     *bldarray = REALLOC_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char*, *bldarray, new_count, mtInternal);
 755   }
 756   (*bldarray)[*count] = os::strdup_check_oom(arg);
 757   *count = new_count;
 758 }
 759 
 760 void Arguments::build_jvm_args(const char* arg) {
 761   add_string(&_jvm_args_array, &_num_jvm_args, arg);
 762 }
 763 
 764 void Arguments::build_jvm_flags(const char* arg) {
 765   add_string(&_jvm_flags_array, &_num_jvm_flags, arg);
 766 }
 767 
 768 // utility function to return a string that concatenates all
 769 // strings in a given char** array
 770 const char* Arguments::build_resource_string(char** args, int count) {
 771   if (args == NULL || count == 0) {
 772     return NULL;
 773   }
 774   size_t length = strlen(args[0]) + 1; // add 1 for the null terminator
 775   for (int i = 1; i < count; i++) {
 776     length += strlen(args[i]) + 1; // add 1 for a space
 777   }
 778   char* s = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(char, length);
 779   strcpy(s, args[0]);
 780   for (int j = 1; j < count; j++) {
 781     strcat(s, " ");
 782     strcat(s, args[j]);
 783   }
 784   return (const char*) s;
 785 }
 786 
 787 void Arguments::print_on(outputStream* st) {
 788   st->print_cr("VM Arguments:");
 789   if (num_jvm_flags() > 0) {
 790     st->print("jvm_flags: "); print_jvm_flags_on(st);
 791     st->cr();
 792   }
 793   if (num_jvm_args() > 0) {
 794     st->print("jvm_args: "); print_jvm_args_on(st);
 795     st->cr();
 796   }
 797   st->print_cr("java_command: %s", java_command() ? java_command() : "<unknown>");
 798   if (_java_class_path != NULL) {
 799     char* path = _java_class_path->value();
 800     st->print_cr("java_class_path (initial): %s", strlen(path) == 0 ? "<not set>" : path );
 801   }
 802   st->print_cr("Launcher Type: %s", _sun_java_launcher);
 803 }
 804 
 805 void Arguments::print_summary_on(outputStream* st) {
 806   // Print the command line.  Environment variables that are helpful for
 807   // reproducing the problem are written later in the hs_err file.
 808   // flags are from setting file
 809   if (num_jvm_flags() > 0) {
 810     st->print_raw("Settings File: ");
 811     print_jvm_flags_on(st);
 812     st->cr();
 813   }
 814   // args are the command line and environment variable arguments.
 815   st->print_raw("Command Line: ");
 816   if (num_jvm_args() > 0) {
 817     print_jvm_args_on(st);
 818   }
 819   // this is the classfile and any arguments to the java program
 820   if (java_command() != NULL) {
 821     st->print("%s", java_command());
 822   }
 823   st->cr();
 824 }
 825 
 826 void Arguments::print_jvm_flags_on(outputStream* st) {
 827   if (_num_jvm_flags > 0) {
 828     for (int i=0; i < _num_jvm_flags; i++) {
 829       st->print("%s ", _jvm_flags_array[i]);
 830     }
 831   }
 832 }
 833 
 834 void Arguments::print_jvm_args_on(outputStream* st) {
 835   if (_num_jvm_args > 0) {
 836     for (int i=0; i < _num_jvm_args; i++) {
 837       st->print("%s ", _jvm_args_array[i]);
 838     }
 839   }
 840 }
 841 
 842 bool Arguments::process_argument(const char* arg,
 843     jboolean ignore_unrecognized, Flag::Flags origin) {
 844 
 845   JDK_Version since = JDK_Version();
 846 
 847   if (parse_argument(arg, origin) || ignore_unrecognized) {
 848     return true;
 849   }
 850 
 851   // Determine if the flag has '+', '-', or '=' characters.
 852   bool has_plus_minus = (*arg == '+' || *arg == '-');
 853   const char* const argname = has_plus_minus ? arg + 1 : arg;
 854 
 855   size_t arg_len;
 856   const char* equal_sign = strchr(argname, '=');
 857   if (equal_sign == NULL) {
 858     arg_len = strlen(argname);
 859   } else {
 860     arg_len = equal_sign - argname;
 861   }
 862 
 863   // Only make the obsolete check for valid arguments.
 864   if (arg_len <= BUFLEN) {
 865     // Construct a string which consists only of the argument name without '+', '-', or '='.
 866     char stripped_argname[BUFLEN+1];
 867     strncpy(stripped_argname, argname, arg_len);
 868     stripped_argname[arg_len] = '\0';  // strncpy may not null terminate.
 869 
 870     if (is_newly_obsolete(stripped_argname, &since)) {
 871       char version[256];
 872       since.to_string(version, sizeof(version));
 873       warning("ignoring option %s; support was removed in %s", stripped_argname, version);
 874       return true;
 875     }
 876   }
 877 
 878   // For locked flags, report a custom error message if available.
 879   // Otherwise, report the standard unrecognized VM option.
 880   Flag* found_flag = Flag::find_flag((const char*)argname, arg_len, true, true);
 881   if (found_flag != NULL) {
 882     char locked_message_buf[BUFLEN];
 883     found_flag->get_locked_message(locked_message_buf, BUFLEN);
 884     if (strlen(locked_message_buf) == 0) {
 885       if (found_flag->is_bool() && !has_plus_minus) {
 886         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
 887           "Missing +/- setting for VM option '%s'\n", argname);
 888       } else if (!found_flag->is_bool() && has_plus_minus) {
 889         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
 890           "Unexpected +/- setting in VM option '%s'\n", argname);
 891       } else {
 892         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
 893           "Improperly specified VM option '%s'\n", argname);
 894       }
 895     } else {
 896       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(), "%s", locked_message_buf);
 897     }
 898   } else {
 899     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
 900                 "Unrecognized VM option '%s'\n", argname);
 901     Flag* fuzzy_matched = Flag::fuzzy_match((const char*)argname, arg_len, true);
 902     if (fuzzy_matched != NULL) {
 903       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
 904                   "Did you mean '%s%s%s'? ",
 905                   (fuzzy_matched->is_bool()) ? "(+/-)" : "",
 906                   fuzzy_matched->_name,
 907                   (fuzzy_matched->is_bool()) ? "" : "=<value>");
 908     }
 909   }
 910 
 911   // allow for commandline "commenting out" options like -XX:#+Verbose
 912   return arg[0] == '#';
 913 }
 914 
 915 bool Arguments::process_settings_file(const char* file_name, bool should_exist, jboolean ignore_unrecognized) {
 916   FILE* stream = fopen(file_name, "rb");
 917   if (stream == NULL) {
 918     if (should_exist) {
 919       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
 920                   "Could not open settings file %s\n", file_name);
 921       return false;
 922     } else {
 923       return true;
 924     }
 925   }
 926 
 927   char token[1024];
 928   int  pos = 0;
 929 
 930   bool in_white_space = true;
 931   bool in_comment     = false;
 932   bool in_quote       = false;
 933   char quote_c        = 0;
 934   bool result         = true;
 935 
 936   int c = getc(stream);
 937   while(c != EOF && pos < (int)(sizeof(token)-1)) {
 938     if (in_white_space) {
 939       if (in_comment) {
 940         if (c == '\n') in_comment = false;
 941       } else {
 942         if (c == '#') in_comment = true;
 943         else if (!isspace(c)) {
 944           in_white_space = false;
 945           token[pos++] = c;
 946         }
 947       }
 948     } else {
 949       if (c == '\n' || (!in_quote && isspace(c))) {
 950         // token ends at newline, or at unquoted whitespace
 951         // this allows a way to include spaces in string-valued options
 952         token[pos] = '\0';
 953         logOption(token);
 954         result &= process_argument(token, ignore_unrecognized, Flag::CONFIG_FILE);
 955         build_jvm_flags(token);
 956         pos = 0;
 957         in_white_space = true;
 958         in_quote = false;
 959       } else if (!in_quote && (c == '\'' || c == '"')) {
 960         in_quote = true;
 961         quote_c = c;
 962       } else if (in_quote && (c == quote_c)) {
 963         in_quote = false;
 964       } else {
 965         token[pos++] = c;
 966       }
 967     }
 968     c = getc(stream);
 969   }
 970   if (pos > 0) {
 971     token[pos] = '\0';
 972     result &= process_argument(token, ignore_unrecognized, Flag::CONFIG_FILE);
 973     build_jvm_flags(token);
 974   }
 975   fclose(stream);
 976   return result;
 977 }
 978 
 979 //=============================================================================================================
 980 // Parsing of properties (-D)
 981 
 982 const char* Arguments::get_property(const char* key) {
 983   return PropertyList_get_value(system_properties(), key);
 984 }
 985 
 986 bool Arguments::add_property(const char* prop) {
 987   const char* eq = strchr(prop, '=');
 988   const char* key;
 989   const char* value = "";
 990 
 991   if (eq == NULL) {
 992     // property doesn't have a value, thus use passed string
 993     key = prop;
 994   } else {
 995     // property have a value, thus extract it and save to the
 996     // allocated string
 997     size_t key_len = eq - prop;
 998     char* tmp_key = AllocateHeap(key_len + 1, mtInternal);
 999 
1000     strncpy(tmp_key, prop, key_len);
1001     tmp_key[key_len] = '\0';
1002     key = tmp_key;
1003 
1004     value = &prop[key_len + 1];
1005   }
1006 
1007   if (strcmp(key, "java.compiler") == 0) {
1008     process_java_compiler_argument(value);
1009     // Record value in Arguments, but let it get passed to Java.
1010   } else if (strcmp(key, "sun.java.launcher.is_altjvm") == 0 ||
1011              strcmp(key, "sun.java.launcher.pid") == 0) {
1012     // sun.java.launcher.is_altjvm and sun.java.launcher.pid property are
1013     // private and are processed in process_sun_java_launcher_properties();
1014     // the sun.java.launcher property is passed on to the java application
1015   } else if (strcmp(key, "sun.boot.library.path") == 0) {
1016     PropertyList_unique_add(&_system_properties, key, value, true);
1017   } else {
1018     if (strcmp(key, "sun.java.command") == 0) {
1019       if (_java_command != NULL) {
1020         os::free(_java_command);
1021       }
1022       _java_command = os::strdup_check_oom(value, mtInternal);
1023     } else if (strcmp(key, "java.vendor.url.bug") == 0) {
1024       if (_java_vendor_url_bug != DEFAULT_VENDOR_URL_BUG) {
1025         assert(_java_vendor_url_bug != NULL, "_java_vendor_url_bug is NULL");
1026         os::free((void *)_java_vendor_url_bug);
1027       }
1028       // save it in _java_vendor_url_bug, so JVM fatal error handler can access
1029       // its value without going through the property list or making a Java call.
1030       _java_vendor_url_bug = os::strdup_check_oom(value, mtInternal);
1031     }
1032 
1033     // Create new property and add at the end of the list
1034     PropertyList_unique_add(&_system_properties, key, value);
1035   }
1036 
1037   if (key != prop) {
1038     // SystemProperty copy passed value, thus free previously allocated
1039     // memory
1040     FreeHeap((void *)key);
1041   }
1042 
1043   return true;
1044 }
1045 
1046 //===========================================================================================================
1047 // Setting int/mixed/comp mode flags
1048 
1049 void Arguments::set_mode_flags(Mode mode) {
1050   // Set up default values for all flags.
1051   // If you add a flag to any of the branches below,
1052   // add a default value for it here.
1053   set_java_compiler(false);
1054   _mode                      = mode;
1055 
1056   // Ensure Agent_OnLoad has the correct initial values.
1057   // This may not be the final mode; mode may change later in onload phase.
1058   PropertyList_unique_add(&_system_properties, "java.vm.info",
1059                           VM_Version::vm_info_string(), false);
1060 
1061   UseInterpreter             = true;
1062   UseCompiler                = true;
1063   UseLoopCounter             = true;
1064 
1065   // Default values may be platform/compiler dependent -
1066   // use the saved values
1067   ClipInlining               = Arguments::_ClipInlining;
1068   AlwaysCompileLoopMethods   = Arguments::_AlwaysCompileLoopMethods;
1069   UseOnStackReplacement      = Arguments::_UseOnStackReplacement;
1070   BackgroundCompilation      = Arguments::_BackgroundCompilation;
1071   if (TieredCompilation) {
1072     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(Tier3InvokeNotifyFreqLog)) {
1073       Tier3InvokeNotifyFreqLog = Arguments::_Tier3InvokeNotifyFreqLog;
1074     }
1075     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(Tier4InvocationThreshold)) {
1076       Tier4InvocationThreshold = Arguments::_Tier4InvocationThreshold;
1077     }
1078   }
1079 
1080   // Change from defaults based on mode
1081   switch (mode) {
1082   default:
1083     ShouldNotReachHere();
1084     break;
1085   case _int:
1086     UseCompiler              = false;
1087     UseLoopCounter           = false;
1088     AlwaysCompileLoopMethods = false;
1089     UseOnStackReplacement    = false;
1090     break;
1091   case _mixed:
1092     // same as default
1093     break;
1094   case _comp:
1095     UseInterpreter           = false;
1096     BackgroundCompilation    = false;
1097     ClipInlining             = false;
1098     // Be much more aggressive in tiered mode with -Xcomp and exercise C2 more.
1099     // We will first compile a level 3 version (C1 with full profiling), then do one invocation of it and
1100     // compile a level 4 (C2) and then continue executing it.
1101     if (TieredCompilation) {
1102       Tier3InvokeNotifyFreqLog = 0;
1103       Tier4InvocationThreshold = 0;
1104     }
1105     break;
1106   }
1107 }
1108 
1109 #if defined(COMPILER2) || defined(_LP64) || !INCLUDE_CDS
1110 // Conflict: required to use shared spaces (-Xshare:on), but
1111 // incompatible command line options were chosen.
1112 
1113 static void no_shared_spaces(const char* message) {
1114   if (RequireSharedSpaces) {
1115     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1116       "Class data sharing is inconsistent with other specified options.\n");
1117     vm_exit_during_initialization("Unable to use shared archive.", message);
1118   } else {
1119     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseSharedSpaces, false);
1120   }
1121 }
1122 #endif
1123 
1124 // Returns threshold scaled with the value of scale.
1125 // If scale < 0.0, threshold is returned without scaling.
1126 intx Arguments::scaled_compile_threshold(intx threshold, double scale) {
1127   if (scale == 1.0 || scale < 0.0) {
1128     return threshold;
1129   } else {
1130     return (intx)(threshold * scale);
1131   }
1132 }
1133 
1134 // Returns freq_log scaled with the value of scale.
1135 // Returned values are in the range of [0, InvocationCounter::number_of_count_bits + 1].
1136 // If scale < 0.0, freq_log is returned without scaling.
1137 intx Arguments::scaled_freq_log(intx freq_log, double scale) {
1138   // Check if scaling is necessary or if negative value was specified.
1139   if (scale == 1.0 || scale < 0.0) {
1140     return freq_log;
1141   }
1142   // Check values to avoid calculating log2 of 0.
1143   if (scale == 0.0 || freq_log == 0) {
1144     return 0;
1145   }
1146   // Determine the maximum notification frequency value currently supported.
1147   // The largest mask value that the interpreter/C1 can handle is
1148   // of length InvocationCounter::number_of_count_bits. Mask values are always
1149   // one bit shorter then the value of the notification frequency. Set
1150   // max_freq_bits accordingly.
1151   intx max_freq_bits = InvocationCounter::number_of_count_bits + 1;
1152   intx scaled_freq = scaled_compile_threshold((intx)1 << freq_log, scale);
1153   if (scaled_freq == 0) {
1154     // Return 0 right away to avoid calculating log2 of 0.
1155     return 0;
1156   } else if (scaled_freq > nth_bit(max_freq_bits)) {
1157     return max_freq_bits;
1158   } else {
1159     return log2_intptr(scaled_freq);
1160   }
1161 }
1162 
1163 void Arguments::set_tiered_flags() {
1164   // With tiered, set default policy to AdvancedThresholdPolicy, which is 3.
1165   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(CompilationPolicyChoice)) {
1166     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(CompilationPolicyChoice, 3);
1167   }
1168   if (CompilationPolicyChoice < 2) {
1169     vm_exit_during_initialization(
1170       "Incompatible compilation policy selected", NULL);
1171   }
1172   // Increase the code cache size - tiered compiles a lot more.
1173   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ReservedCodeCacheSize)) {
1174     FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, ReservedCodeCacheSize,
1175                   MIN2(CODE_CACHE_DEFAULT_LIMIT, ReservedCodeCacheSize * 5));
1176   }
1177   // Enable SegmentedCodeCache if TieredCompilation is enabled and ReservedCodeCacheSize >= 240M
1178   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(SegmentedCodeCache) && ReservedCodeCacheSize >= 240*M) {
1179     FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, SegmentedCodeCache, true);
1180 
1181     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ReservedCodeCacheSize)) {
1182       // Multiply sizes by 5 but fix NonNMethodCodeHeapSize (distribute among non-profiled and profiled code heap)
1183       if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ProfiledCodeHeapSize)) {
1184         FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, ProfiledCodeHeapSize, ProfiledCodeHeapSize * 5 + NonNMethodCodeHeapSize * 2);
1185       }
1186       if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NonProfiledCodeHeapSize)) {
1187         FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, NonProfiledCodeHeapSize, NonProfiledCodeHeapSize * 5 + NonNMethodCodeHeapSize * 2);
1188       }
1189       // Check consistency of code heap sizes
1190       if ((NonNMethodCodeHeapSize + NonProfiledCodeHeapSize + ProfiledCodeHeapSize) != ReservedCodeCacheSize) {
1191         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1192                     "Invalid code heap sizes: NonNMethodCodeHeapSize(%dK) + ProfiledCodeHeapSize(%dK) + NonProfiledCodeHeapSize(%dK) = %dK. Must be equal to ReservedCodeCacheSize = %uK.\n",
1193                     NonNMethodCodeHeapSize/K, ProfiledCodeHeapSize/K, NonProfiledCodeHeapSize/K,
1194                     (NonNMethodCodeHeapSize + ProfiledCodeHeapSize + NonProfiledCodeHeapSize)/K, ReservedCodeCacheSize/K);
1195         vm_exit(1);
1196       }
1197     }
1198   }
1199   if (!UseInterpreter) { // -Xcomp
1200     Tier3InvokeNotifyFreqLog = 0;
1201     Tier4InvocationThreshold = 0;
1202   }
1203 
1204   if (CompileThresholdScaling < 0) {
1205     vm_exit_during_initialization("Negative value specified for CompileThresholdScaling", NULL);
1206   }
1207 
1208   // Scale tiered compilation thresholds.
1209   // CompileThresholdScaling == 0.0 is equivalent to -Xint and leaves compilation thresholds unchanged.
1210   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(CompileThresholdScaling) && CompileThresholdScaling > 0.0) {
1211     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier0InvokeNotifyFreqLog, scaled_freq_log(Tier0InvokeNotifyFreqLog));
1212     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier0BackedgeNotifyFreqLog, scaled_freq_log(Tier0BackedgeNotifyFreqLog));
1213 
1214     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier3InvocationThreshold, scaled_compile_threshold(Tier3InvocationThreshold));
1215     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier3MinInvocationThreshold, scaled_compile_threshold(Tier3MinInvocationThreshold));
1216     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier3CompileThreshold, scaled_compile_threshold(Tier3CompileThreshold));
1217     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier3BackEdgeThreshold, scaled_compile_threshold(Tier3BackEdgeThreshold));
1218 
1219     // Tier2{Invocation,MinInvocation,Compile,Backedge}Threshold should be scaled here
1220     // once these thresholds become supported.
1221 
1222     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier2InvokeNotifyFreqLog, scaled_freq_log(Tier2InvokeNotifyFreqLog));
1223     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier2BackedgeNotifyFreqLog, scaled_freq_log(Tier2BackedgeNotifyFreqLog));
1224 
1225     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier3InvokeNotifyFreqLog, scaled_freq_log(Tier3InvokeNotifyFreqLog));
1226     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier3BackedgeNotifyFreqLog, scaled_freq_log(Tier3BackedgeNotifyFreqLog));
1227 
1228     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier23InlineeNotifyFreqLog, scaled_freq_log(Tier23InlineeNotifyFreqLog));
1229 
1230     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier4InvocationThreshold, scaled_compile_threshold(Tier4InvocationThreshold));
1231     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier4MinInvocationThreshold, scaled_compile_threshold(Tier4MinInvocationThreshold));
1232     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier4CompileThreshold, scaled_compile_threshold(Tier4CompileThreshold));
1233     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier4BackEdgeThreshold, scaled_compile_threshold(Tier4BackEdgeThreshold));
1234   }
1235 }
1236 
1237 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1238 static void disable_adaptive_size_policy(const char* collector_name) {
1239   if (UseAdaptiveSizePolicy) {
1240     if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(UseAdaptiveSizePolicy)) {
1241       warning("disabling UseAdaptiveSizePolicy; it is incompatible with %s.",
1242               collector_name);
1243     }
1244     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseAdaptiveSizePolicy, false);
1245   }
1246 }
1247 
1248 void Arguments::set_parnew_gc_flags() {
1249   assert(!UseSerialGC && !UseParallelOldGC && !UseParallelGC && !UseG1GC,
1250          "control point invariant");
1251   assert(UseConcMarkSweepGC, "CMS is expected to be on here");
1252   assert(UseParNewGC, "ParNew should always be used with CMS");
1253 
1254   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads)) {
1255     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads, Abstract_VM_Version::parallel_worker_threads());
1256     assert(ParallelGCThreads > 0, "We should always have at least one thread by default");
1257   } else if (ParallelGCThreads == 0) {
1258     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1259         "The ParNew GC can not be combined with -XX:ParallelGCThreads=0\n");
1260     vm_exit(1);
1261   }
1262 
1263   // By default YoungPLABSize and OldPLABSize are set to 4096 and 1024 respectively,
1264   // these settings are default for Parallel Scavenger. For ParNew+Tenured configuration
1265   // we set them to 1024 and 1024.
1266   // See CR 6362902.
1267   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(YoungPLABSize)) {
1268     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(YoungPLABSize, (intx)1024);
1269   }
1270   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(OldPLABSize)) {
1271     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(OldPLABSize, (intx)1024);
1272   }
1273 
1274   // When using compressed oops, we use local overflow stacks,
1275   // rather than using a global overflow list chained through
1276   // the klass word of the object's pre-image.
1277   if (UseCompressedOops && !ParGCUseLocalOverflow) {
1278     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ParGCUseLocalOverflow)) {
1279       warning("Forcing +ParGCUseLocalOverflow: needed if using compressed references");
1280     }
1281     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ParGCUseLocalOverflow, true);
1282   }
1283   assert(ParGCUseLocalOverflow || !UseCompressedOops, "Error");
1284 }
1285 
1286 // Adjust some sizes to suit CMS and/or ParNew needs; these work well on
1287 // sparc/solaris for certain applications, but would gain from
1288 // further optimization and tuning efforts, and would almost
1289 // certainly gain from analysis of platform and environment.
1290 void Arguments::set_cms_and_parnew_gc_flags() {
1291   assert(!UseSerialGC && !UseParallelOldGC && !UseParallelGC, "Error");
1292   assert(UseConcMarkSweepGC, "CMS is expected to be on here");
1293   assert(UseParNewGC, "ParNew should always be used with CMS");
1294 
1295   // Turn off AdaptiveSizePolicy by default for cms until it is complete.
1296   disable_adaptive_size_policy("UseConcMarkSweepGC");
1297 
1298   set_parnew_gc_flags();
1299 
1300   size_t max_heap = align_size_down(MaxHeapSize,
1301                                     CardTableRS::ct_max_alignment_constraint());
1302 
1303   // Now make adjustments for CMS
1304   intx   tenuring_default = (intx)6;
1305   size_t young_gen_per_worker = CMSYoungGenPerWorker;
1306 
1307   // Preferred young gen size for "short" pauses:
1308   // upper bound depends on # of threads and NewRatio.
1309   const size_t preferred_max_new_size_unaligned =
1310     MIN2(max_heap/(NewRatio+1), ScaleForWordSize(young_gen_per_worker * ParallelGCThreads));
1311   size_t preferred_max_new_size =
1312     align_size_up(preferred_max_new_size_unaligned, os::vm_page_size());
1313 
1314   // Unless explicitly requested otherwise, size young gen
1315   // for "short" pauses ~ CMSYoungGenPerWorker*ParallelGCThreads
1316 
1317   // If either MaxNewSize or NewRatio is set on the command line,
1318   // assume the user is trying to set the size of the young gen.
1319   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxNewSize) && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NewRatio)) {
1320 
1321     // Set MaxNewSize to our calculated preferred_max_new_size unless
1322     // NewSize was set on the command line and it is larger than
1323     // preferred_max_new_size.
1324     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NewSize)) {   // NewSize explicitly set at command-line
1325       FLAG_SET_ERGO(size_t, MaxNewSize, MAX2(NewSize, preferred_max_new_size));
1326     } else {
1327       FLAG_SET_ERGO(size_t, MaxNewSize, preferred_max_new_size);
1328     }
1329     if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1330       // Too early to use gclog_or_tty
1331       tty->print_cr("CMS ergo set MaxNewSize: " SIZE_FORMAT, MaxNewSize);
1332     }
1333 
1334     // Code along this path potentially sets NewSize and OldSize
1335     if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1336       // Too early to use gclog_or_tty
1337       tty->print_cr("CMS set min_heap_size: " SIZE_FORMAT
1338            " initial_heap_size:  " SIZE_FORMAT
1339            " max_heap: " SIZE_FORMAT,
1340            min_heap_size(), InitialHeapSize, max_heap);
1341     }
1342     size_t min_new = preferred_max_new_size;
1343     if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(NewSize)) {
1344       min_new = NewSize;
1345     }
1346     if (max_heap > min_new && min_heap_size() > min_new) {
1347       // Unless explicitly requested otherwise, make young gen
1348       // at least min_new, and at most preferred_max_new_size.
1349       if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NewSize)) {
1350         FLAG_SET_ERGO(size_t, NewSize, MAX2(NewSize, min_new));
1351         FLAG_SET_ERGO(size_t, NewSize, MIN2(preferred_max_new_size, NewSize));
1352         if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1353           // Too early to use gclog_or_tty
1354           tty->print_cr("CMS ergo set NewSize: " SIZE_FORMAT, NewSize);
1355         }
1356       }
1357       // Unless explicitly requested otherwise, size old gen
1358       // so it's NewRatio x of NewSize.
1359       if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(OldSize)) {
1360         if (max_heap > NewSize) {
1361           FLAG_SET_ERGO(size_t, OldSize, MIN2(NewRatio*NewSize, max_heap - NewSize));
1362           if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1363             // Too early to use gclog_or_tty
1364             tty->print_cr("CMS ergo set OldSize: " SIZE_FORMAT, OldSize);
1365           }
1366         }
1367       }
1368     }
1369   }
1370   // Unless explicitly requested otherwise, definitely
1371   // promote all objects surviving "tenuring_default" scavenges.
1372   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxTenuringThreshold) &&
1373       FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(SurvivorRatio)) {
1374     FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, MaxTenuringThreshold, tenuring_default);
1375   }
1376   // If we decided above (or user explicitly requested)
1377   // `promote all' (via MaxTenuringThreshold := 0),
1378   // prefer minuscule survivor spaces so as not to waste
1379   // space for (non-existent) survivors
1380   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(SurvivorRatio) && MaxTenuringThreshold == 0) {
1381     FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, SurvivorRatio, MAX2((uintx)1024, SurvivorRatio));
1382   }
1383 
1384   // OldPLABSize is interpreted in CMS as not the size of the PLAB in words,
1385   // but rather the number of free blocks of a given size that are used when
1386   // replenishing the local per-worker free list caches.
1387   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(OldPLABSize)) {
1388     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ResizeOldPLAB) && !ResizeOldPLAB) {
1389       // OldPLAB sizing manually turned off: Use a larger default setting,
1390       // unless it was manually specified. This is because a too-low value
1391       // will slow down scavenges.
1392       FLAG_SET_ERGO(size_t, OldPLABSize, CFLS_LAB::_default_static_old_plab_size); // default value before 6631166
1393     } else {
1394       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(OldPLABSize, CFLS_LAB::_default_dynamic_old_plab_size); // old CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim default
1395     }
1396   }
1397 
1398   // If either of the static initialization defaults have changed, note this
1399   // modification.
1400   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(OldPLABSize) || !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(OldPLABWeight)) {
1401     CFLS_LAB::modify_initialization(OldPLABSize, OldPLABWeight);
1402   }
1403 
1404   if (!ClassUnloading) {
1405     FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, CMSClassUnloadingEnabled, false);
1406     FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ExplicitGCInvokesConcurrentAndUnloadsClasses, false);
1407   }
1408 
1409   if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1410     tty->print_cr("MarkStackSize: %uk  MarkStackSizeMax: %uk",
1411       (unsigned int) (MarkStackSize / K), (uint) (MarkStackSizeMax / K));
1412     tty->print_cr("ConcGCThreads: %u", ConcGCThreads);
1413   }
1414 }
1415 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1416 
1417 void set_object_alignment() {
1418   // Object alignment.
1419   assert(is_power_of_2(ObjectAlignmentInBytes), "ObjectAlignmentInBytes must be power of 2");
1420   MinObjAlignmentInBytes     = ObjectAlignmentInBytes;
1421   assert(MinObjAlignmentInBytes >= HeapWordsPerLong * HeapWordSize, "ObjectAlignmentInBytes value is too small");
1422   MinObjAlignment            = MinObjAlignmentInBytes / HeapWordSize;
1423   assert(MinObjAlignmentInBytes == MinObjAlignment * HeapWordSize, "ObjectAlignmentInBytes value is incorrect");
1424   MinObjAlignmentInBytesMask = MinObjAlignmentInBytes - 1;
1425 
1426   LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes  = exact_log2(ObjectAlignmentInBytes);
1427   LogMinObjAlignment         = LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes - LogHeapWordSize;
1428 
1429   // Oop encoding heap max
1430   OopEncodingHeapMax = (uint64_t(max_juint) + 1) << LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes;
1431 
1432   if (SurvivorAlignmentInBytes == 0) {
1433     SurvivorAlignmentInBytes = ObjectAlignmentInBytes;
1434   }
1435 
1436 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1437   // Set CMS global values
1438   CompactibleFreeListSpace::set_cms_values();
1439 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1440 }
1441 
1442 size_t Arguments::max_heap_for_compressed_oops() {
1443   // Avoid sign flip.
1444   assert(OopEncodingHeapMax > (uint64_t)os::vm_page_size(), "Unusual page size");
1445   // We need to fit both the NULL page and the heap into the memory budget, while
1446   // keeping alignment constraints of the heap. To guarantee the latter, as the
1447   // NULL page is located before the heap, we pad the NULL page to the conservative
1448   // maximum alignment that the GC may ever impose upon the heap.
1449   size_t displacement_due_to_null_page = align_size_up_(os::vm_page_size(),
1450                                                         _conservative_max_heap_alignment);
1451 
1452   LP64_ONLY(return OopEncodingHeapMax - displacement_due_to_null_page);
1453   NOT_LP64(ShouldNotReachHere(); return 0);
1454 }
1455 
1456 bool Arguments::should_auto_select_low_pause_collector() {
1457   if (UseAutoGCSelectPolicy &&
1458       !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxGCPauseMillis) &&
1459       (MaxGCPauseMillis <= AutoGCSelectPauseMillis)) {
1460     if (PrintGCDetails) {
1461       // Cannot use gclog_or_tty yet.
1462       tty->print_cr("Automatic selection of the low pause collector"
1463        " based on pause goal of %d (ms)", (int) MaxGCPauseMillis);
1464     }
1465     return true;
1466   }
1467   return false;
1468 }
1469 
1470 void Arguments::set_use_compressed_oops() {
1471 #ifndef ZERO
1472 #ifdef _LP64
1473   // MaxHeapSize is not set up properly at this point, but
1474   // the only value that can override MaxHeapSize if we are
1475   // to use UseCompressedOops is InitialHeapSize.
1476   size_t max_heap_size = MAX2(MaxHeapSize, InitialHeapSize);
1477 
1478   if (max_heap_size <= max_heap_for_compressed_oops()) {
1479 #if !defined(COMPILER1) || defined(TIERED)
1480     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseCompressedOops)) {
1481       FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, UseCompressedOops, true);
1482     }
1483 #endif
1484   } else {
1485     if (UseCompressedOops && !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseCompressedOops)) {
1486       warning("Max heap size too large for Compressed Oops");
1487       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedOops, false);
1488       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedClassPointers, false);
1489     }
1490   }
1491 #endif // _LP64
1492 #endif // ZERO
1493 }
1494 
1495 
1496 // NOTE: set_use_compressed_klass_ptrs() must be called after calling
1497 // set_use_compressed_oops().
1498 void Arguments::set_use_compressed_klass_ptrs() {
1499 #ifndef ZERO
1500 #ifdef _LP64
1501   // UseCompressedOops must be on for UseCompressedClassPointers to be on.
1502   if (!UseCompressedOops) {
1503     if (UseCompressedClassPointers) {
1504       warning("UseCompressedClassPointers requires UseCompressedOops");
1505     }
1506     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedClassPointers, false);
1507   } else {
1508     // Turn on UseCompressedClassPointers too
1509     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseCompressedClassPointers)) {
1510       FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, UseCompressedClassPointers, true);
1511     }
1512     // Check the CompressedClassSpaceSize to make sure we use compressed klass ptrs.
1513     if (UseCompressedClassPointers) {
1514       if (CompressedClassSpaceSize > KlassEncodingMetaspaceMax) {
1515         warning("CompressedClassSpaceSize is too large for UseCompressedClassPointers");
1516         FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedClassPointers, false);
1517       }
1518     }
1519   }
1520 #endif // _LP64
1521 #endif // !ZERO
1522 }
1523 
1524 void Arguments::set_conservative_max_heap_alignment() {
1525   // The conservative maximum required alignment for the heap is the maximum of
1526   // the alignments imposed by several sources: any requirements from the heap
1527   // itself, the collector policy and the maximum page size we may run the VM
1528   // with.
1529   size_t heap_alignment = GenCollectedHeap::conservative_max_heap_alignment();
1530 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1531   if (UseParallelGC) {
1532     heap_alignment = ParallelScavengeHeap::conservative_max_heap_alignment();
1533   } else if (UseG1GC) {
1534     heap_alignment = G1CollectedHeap::conservative_max_heap_alignment();
1535   }
1536 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1537   _conservative_max_heap_alignment = MAX4(heap_alignment,
1538                                           (size_t)os::vm_allocation_granularity(),
1539                                           os::max_page_size(),
1540                                           CollectorPolicy::compute_heap_alignment());
1541 }
1542 
1543 void Arguments::select_gc_ergonomically() {
1544   if (os::is_server_class_machine()) {
1545     if (should_auto_select_low_pause_collector()) {
1546       FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, UseConcMarkSweepGC, true);
1547     } else {
1548 #if defined(JAVASE_EMBEDDED)
1549       FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, UseParallelGC, true);
1550 #else
1551       FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, UseG1GC, true);
1552 #endif
1553     }
1554   } else {
1555     FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, UseSerialGC, true);
1556   }
1557 }
1558 
1559 void Arguments::select_gc() {
1560   if (!gc_selected()) {
1561     select_gc_ergonomically();
1562     guarantee(gc_selected(), "No GC selected");
1563   }
1564 }
1565 
1566 void Arguments::set_ergonomics_flags() {
1567   select_gc();
1568 
1569 #ifdef COMPILER2
1570   // Shared spaces work fine with other GCs but causes bytecode rewriting
1571   // to be disabled, which hurts interpreter performance and decreases
1572   // server performance.  When -server is specified, keep the default off
1573   // unless it is asked for.  Future work: either add bytecode rewriting
1574   // at link time, or rewrite bytecodes in non-shared methods.
1575   if (!DumpSharedSpaces && !RequireSharedSpaces &&
1576       (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseSharedSpaces) || !UseSharedSpaces)) {
1577     no_shared_spaces("COMPILER2 default: -Xshare:auto | off, have to manually setup to on.");
1578   }
1579 #endif
1580 
1581   set_conservative_max_heap_alignment();
1582 
1583 #ifndef ZERO
1584 #ifdef _LP64
1585   set_use_compressed_oops();
1586 
1587   // set_use_compressed_klass_ptrs() must be called after calling
1588   // set_use_compressed_oops().
1589   set_use_compressed_klass_ptrs();
1590 
1591   // Also checks that certain machines are slower with compressed oops
1592   // in vm_version initialization code.
1593 #endif // _LP64
1594 #endif // !ZERO
1595 
1596   // Set up runtime image flags.
1597   set_runtime_image_flags();
1598 
1599   CodeCacheExtensions::set_ergonomics_flags();
1600 }
1601 
1602 void Arguments::set_parallel_gc_flags() {
1603   assert(UseParallelGC || UseParallelOldGC, "Error");
1604   // Enable ParallelOld unless it was explicitly disabled (cmd line or rc file).
1605   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseParallelOldGC)) {
1606     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseParallelOldGC, true);
1607   }
1608   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseParallelGC, true);
1609 
1610   // If no heap maximum was requested explicitly, use some reasonable fraction
1611   // of the physical memory, up to a maximum of 1GB.
1612   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads,
1613                    Abstract_VM_Version::parallel_worker_threads());
1614   if (ParallelGCThreads == 0) {
1615     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1616         "The Parallel GC can not be combined with -XX:ParallelGCThreads=0\n");
1617     vm_exit(1);
1618   }
1619 
1620   if (UseAdaptiveSizePolicy) {
1621     // We don't want to limit adaptive heap sizing's freedom to adjust the heap
1622     // unless the user actually sets these flags.
1623     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MinHeapFreeRatio)) {
1624       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MinHeapFreeRatio, 0);
1625     }
1626     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxHeapFreeRatio)) {
1627       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MaxHeapFreeRatio, 100);
1628     }
1629   }
1630 
1631   // If InitialSurvivorRatio or MinSurvivorRatio were not specified, but the
1632   // SurvivorRatio has been set, reset their default values to SurvivorRatio +
1633   // 2.  By doing this we make SurvivorRatio also work for Parallel Scavenger.
1634   // See CR 6362902 for details.
1635   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(SurvivorRatio)) {
1636     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(InitialSurvivorRatio)) {
1637        FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(InitialSurvivorRatio, SurvivorRatio + 2);
1638     }
1639     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MinSurvivorRatio)) {
1640       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MinSurvivorRatio, SurvivorRatio + 2);
1641     }
1642   }
1643 
1644   if (UseParallelOldGC) {
1645     // Par compact uses lower default values since they are treated as
1646     // minimums.  These are different defaults because of the different
1647     // interpretation and are not ergonomically set.
1648     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MarkSweepDeadRatio)) {
1649       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MarkSweepDeadRatio, 1);
1650     }
1651   }
1652 }
1653 
1654 void Arguments::set_g1_gc_flags() {
1655   assert(UseG1GC, "Error");
1656 #ifdef COMPILER1
1657   FastTLABRefill = false;
1658 #endif
1659   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads, Abstract_VM_Version::parallel_worker_threads());
1660   if (ParallelGCThreads == 0) {
1661     assert(!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads), "The default value for ParallelGCThreads should not be 0.");
1662     vm_exit_during_initialization("The flag -XX:+UseG1GC can not be combined with -XX:ParallelGCThreads=0", NULL);
1663   }
1664 
1665 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1666   if (G1ConcRefinementThreads == 0) {
1667     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(G1ConcRefinementThreads, ParallelGCThreads);
1668   }
1669 #endif
1670 
1671   // MarkStackSize will be set (if it hasn't been set by the user)
1672   // when concurrent marking is initialized.
1673   // Its value will be based upon the number of parallel marking threads.
1674   // But we do set the maximum mark stack size here.
1675   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MarkStackSizeMax)) {
1676     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MarkStackSizeMax, 128 * TASKQUEUE_SIZE);
1677   }
1678 
1679   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(GCTimeRatio) || GCTimeRatio == 0) {
1680     // In G1, we want the default GC overhead goal to be higher than
1681     // say in PS. So we set it here to 10%. Otherwise the heap might
1682     // be expanded more aggressively than we would like it to. In
1683     // fact, even 10% seems to not be high enough in some cases
1684     // (especially small GC stress tests that the main thing they do
1685     // is allocation). We might consider increase it further.
1686     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(GCTimeRatio, 9);
1687   }
1688 
1689   if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1690     tty->print_cr("MarkStackSize: %uk  MarkStackSizeMax: %uk",
1691       (unsigned int) (MarkStackSize / K), (uint) (MarkStackSizeMax / K));
1692     tty->print_cr("ConcGCThreads: %u", ConcGCThreads);
1693   }
1694 }
1695 
1696 #if !INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1697 #ifdef ASSERT
1698 static bool verify_serial_gc_flags() {
1699   return (UseSerialGC &&
1700         !(UseParNewGC || (UseConcMarkSweepGC) || UseG1GC ||
1701           UseParallelGC || UseParallelOldGC));
1702 }
1703 #endif // ASSERT
1704 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1705 
1706 void Arguments::set_gc_specific_flags() {
1707 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1708   // Set per-collector flags
1709   if (UseParallelGC || UseParallelOldGC) {
1710     set_parallel_gc_flags();
1711   } else if (UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
1712     set_cms_and_parnew_gc_flags();
1713   } else if (UseG1GC) {
1714     set_g1_gc_flags();
1715   }
1716   check_deprecated_gc_flags();
1717   if (AssumeMP && !UseSerialGC) {
1718     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads) && ParallelGCThreads == 1) {
1719       warning("If the number of processors is expected to increase from one, then"
1720               " you should configure the number of parallel GC threads appropriately"
1721               " using -XX:ParallelGCThreads=N");
1722     }
1723   }
1724   if (MinHeapFreeRatio == 100) {
1725     // Keeping the heap 100% free is hard ;-) so limit it to 99%.
1726     FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, MinHeapFreeRatio, 99);
1727   }
1728 #else // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1729   assert(verify_serial_gc_flags(), "SerialGC unset");
1730 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1731 }
1732 
1733 julong Arguments::limit_by_allocatable_memory(julong limit) {
1734   julong max_allocatable;
1735   julong result = limit;
1736   if (os::has_allocatable_memory_limit(&max_allocatable)) {
1737     result = MIN2(result, max_allocatable / MaxVirtMemFraction);
1738   }
1739   return result;
1740 }
1741 
1742 // Use static initialization to get the default before parsing
1743 static const size_t DefaultHeapBaseMinAddress = HeapBaseMinAddress;
1744 
1745 void Arguments::set_heap_size() {
1746   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(DefaultMaxRAMFraction)) {
1747     // Deprecated flag
1748     FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxRAMFraction, DefaultMaxRAMFraction);
1749   }
1750 
1751   const julong phys_mem =
1752     FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxRAM) ? MIN2(os::physical_memory(), (julong)MaxRAM)
1753                             : (julong)MaxRAM;
1754 
1755   // If the maximum heap size has not been set with -Xmx,
1756   // then set it as fraction of the size of physical memory,
1757   // respecting the maximum and minimum sizes of the heap.
1758   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxHeapSize)) {
1759     julong reasonable_max = phys_mem / MaxRAMFraction;
1760 
1761     if (phys_mem <= MaxHeapSize * MinRAMFraction) {
1762       // Small physical memory, so use a minimum fraction of it for the heap
1763       reasonable_max = phys_mem / MinRAMFraction;
1764     } else {
1765       // Not-small physical memory, so require a heap at least
1766       // as large as MaxHeapSize
1767       reasonable_max = MAX2(reasonable_max, (julong)MaxHeapSize);
1768     }
1769     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ErgoHeapSizeLimit) && ErgoHeapSizeLimit != 0) {
1770       // Limit the heap size to ErgoHeapSizeLimit
1771       reasonable_max = MIN2(reasonable_max, (julong)ErgoHeapSizeLimit);
1772     }
1773     if (UseCompressedOops) {
1774       // Limit the heap size to the maximum possible when using compressed oops
1775       julong max_coop_heap = (julong)max_heap_for_compressed_oops();
1776 
1777       // HeapBaseMinAddress can be greater than default but not less than.
1778       if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(HeapBaseMinAddress)) {
1779         if (HeapBaseMinAddress < DefaultHeapBaseMinAddress) {
1780           // matches compressed oops printing flags
1781           if (PrintCompressedOopsMode || (PrintMiscellaneous && Verbose)) {
1782             jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1783                         "HeapBaseMinAddress must be at least " SIZE_FORMAT
1784                         " (" SIZE_FORMAT "G) which is greater than value given "
1785                         SIZE_FORMAT "\n",
1786                         DefaultHeapBaseMinAddress,
1787                         DefaultHeapBaseMinAddress/G,
1788                         HeapBaseMinAddress);
1789           }
1790           FLAG_SET_ERGO(size_t, HeapBaseMinAddress, DefaultHeapBaseMinAddress);
1791         }
1792       }
1793 
1794       if (HeapBaseMinAddress + MaxHeapSize < max_coop_heap) {
1795         // Heap should be above HeapBaseMinAddress to get zero based compressed oops
1796         // but it should be not less than default MaxHeapSize.
1797         max_coop_heap -= HeapBaseMinAddress;
1798       }
1799       reasonable_max = MIN2(reasonable_max, max_coop_heap);
1800     }
1801     reasonable_max = limit_by_allocatable_memory(reasonable_max);
1802 
1803     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(InitialHeapSize)) {
1804       // An initial heap size was specified on the command line,
1805       // so be sure that the maximum size is consistent.  Done
1806       // after call to limit_by_allocatable_memory because that
1807       // method might reduce the allocation size.
1808       reasonable_max = MAX2(reasonable_max, (julong)InitialHeapSize);
1809     }
1810 
1811     if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1812       // Cannot use gclog_or_tty yet.
1813       tty->print_cr("  Maximum heap size " SIZE_FORMAT, (size_t) reasonable_max);
1814     }
1815     FLAG_SET_ERGO(size_t, MaxHeapSize, (size_t)reasonable_max);
1816   }
1817 
1818   // If the minimum or initial heap_size have not been set or requested to be set
1819   // ergonomically, set them accordingly.
1820   if (InitialHeapSize == 0 || min_heap_size() == 0) {
1821     julong reasonable_minimum = (julong)(OldSize + NewSize);
1822 
1823     reasonable_minimum = MIN2(reasonable_minimum, (julong)MaxHeapSize);
1824 
1825     reasonable_minimum = limit_by_allocatable_memory(reasonable_minimum);
1826 
1827     if (InitialHeapSize == 0) {
1828       julong reasonable_initial = phys_mem / InitialRAMFraction;
1829 
1830       reasonable_initial = MAX3(reasonable_initial, reasonable_minimum, (julong)min_heap_size());
1831       reasonable_initial = MIN2(reasonable_initial, (julong)MaxHeapSize);
1832 
1833       reasonable_initial = limit_by_allocatable_memory(reasonable_initial);
1834 
1835       if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1836         // Cannot use gclog_or_tty yet.
1837         tty->print_cr("  Initial heap size " SIZE_FORMAT, (size_t)reasonable_initial);
1838       }
1839       FLAG_SET_ERGO(size_t, InitialHeapSize, (size_t)reasonable_initial);
1840     }
1841     // If the minimum heap size has not been set (via -Xms),
1842     // synchronize with InitialHeapSize to avoid errors with the default value.
1843     if (min_heap_size() == 0) {
1844       set_min_heap_size(MIN2((size_t)reasonable_minimum, InitialHeapSize));
1845       if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1846         // Cannot use gclog_or_tty yet.
1847         tty->print_cr("  Minimum heap size " SIZE_FORMAT, min_heap_size());
1848       }
1849     }
1850   }
1851 }
1852 
1853   // Set up runtime image flags
1854 void Arguments::set_runtime_image_flags() {
1855 #ifdef _LP64
1856   // Memory map image file by default on 64 bit machines.
1857   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MemoryMapImage)) {
1858     FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, MemoryMapImage, true);
1859   }
1860 #endif
1861 }
1862 
1863 // This must be called after ergonomics.
1864 void Arguments::set_bytecode_flags() {
1865   if (!RewriteBytecodes) {
1866     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(RewriteFrequentPairs, false);
1867   }
1868 }
1869 
1870 // Aggressive optimization flags  -XX:+AggressiveOpts
1871 jint Arguments::set_aggressive_opts_flags() {
1872 #ifdef COMPILER2
1873   if (AggressiveUnboxing) {
1874     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(EliminateAutoBox)) {
1875       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(EliminateAutoBox, true);
1876     } else if (!EliminateAutoBox) {
1877       // warning("AggressiveUnboxing is disabled because EliminateAutoBox is disabled");
1878       AggressiveUnboxing = false;
1879     }
1880     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(DoEscapeAnalysis)) {
1881       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(DoEscapeAnalysis, true);
1882     } else if (!DoEscapeAnalysis) {
1883       // warning("AggressiveUnboxing is disabled because DoEscapeAnalysis is disabled");
1884       AggressiveUnboxing = false;
1885     }
1886   }
1887   if (AggressiveOpts || !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(AutoBoxCacheMax)) {
1888     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(EliminateAutoBox)) {
1889       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(EliminateAutoBox, true);
1890     }
1891     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(AutoBoxCacheMax)) {
1892       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(AutoBoxCacheMax, 20000);
1893     }
1894 
1895     // Feed the cache size setting into the JDK
1896     char buffer[1024];
1897     sprintf(buffer, "java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high=" INTX_FORMAT, AutoBoxCacheMax);
1898     if (!add_property(buffer)) {
1899       return JNI_ENOMEM;
1900     }
1901   }
1902   if (AggressiveOpts && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(BiasedLockingStartupDelay)) {
1903     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(BiasedLockingStartupDelay, 500);
1904   }
1905 #endif
1906 
1907   if (AggressiveOpts) {
1908 // Sample flag setting code
1909 //    if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(EliminateZeroing)) {
1910 //      FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(EliminateZeroing, true);
1911 //    }
1912   }
1913 
1914   return JNI_OK;
1915 }
1916 
1917 //===========================================================================================================
1918 // Parsing of java.compiler property
1919 
1920 void Arguments::process_java_compiler_argument(const char* arg) {
1921   // For backwards compatibility, Djava.compiler=NONE or ""
1922   // causes us to switch to -Xint mode UNLESS -Xdebug
1923   // is also specified.
1924   if (strlen(arg) == 0 || strcasecmp(arg, "NONE") == 0) {
1925     set_java_compiler(true);    // "-Djava.compiler[=...]" most recently seen.
1926   }
1927 }
1928 
1929 void Arguments::process_java_launcher_argument(const char* launcher, void* extra_info) {
1930   _sun_java_launcher = os::strdup_check_oom(launcher);
1931 }
1932 
1933 bool Arguments::created_by_java_launcher() {
1934   assert(_sun_java_launcher != NULL, "property must have value");
1935   return strcmp(DEFAULT_JAVA_LAUNCHER, _sun_java_launcher) != 0;
1936 }
1937 
1938 bool Arguments::sun_java_launcher_is_altjvm() {
1939   return _sun_java_launcher_is_altjvm;
1940 }
1941 
1942 //===========================================================================================================
1943 // Parsing of main arguments
1944 
1945 // check if do gclog rotation
1946 // +UseGCLogFileRotation is a must,
1947 // no gc log rotation when log file not supplied or
1948 // NumberOfGCLogFiles is 0
1949 void check_gclog_consistency() {
1950   if (UseGCLogFileRotation) {
1951     if ((Arguments::gc_log_filename() == NULL) || (NumberOfGCLogFiles == 0)) {
1952       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
1953                   "To enable GC log rotation, use -Xloggc:<filename> -XX:+UseGCLogFileRotation -XX:NumberOfGCLogFiles=<num_of_files>\n"
1954                   "where num_of_file > 0\n"
1955                   "GC log rotation is turned off\n");
1956       UseGCLogFileRotation = false;
1957     }
1958   }
1959 
1960   if (UseGCLogFileRotation && (GCLogFileSize != 0) && (GCLogFileSize < 8*K)) {
1961     if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(size_t, GCLogFileSize, 8*K) == Flag::SUCCESS) {
1962       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
1963                 "GCLogFileSize changed to minimum 8K\n");
1964     }
1965   }
1966 }
1967 
1968 // This function is called for -Xloggc:<filename>, it can be used
1969 // to check if a given file name(or string) conforms to the following
1970 // specification:
1971 // A valid string only contains "[A-Z][a-z][0-9].-_%[p|t]"
1972 // %p and %t only allowed once. We only limit usage of filename not path
1973 bool is_filename_valid(const char *file_name) {
1974   const char* p = file_name;
1975   char file_sep = os::file_separator()[0];
1976   const char* cp;
1977   // skip prefix path
1978   for (cp = file_name; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
1979     if (*cp == '/' || *cp == file_sep) {
1980       p = cp + 1;
1981     }
1982   }
1983 
1984   int count_p = 0;
1985   int count_t = 0;
1986   while (*p != '\0') {
1987     if ((*p >= '0' && *p <= '9') ||
1988         (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z') ||
1989         (*p >= 'a' && *p <= 'z') ||
1990          *p == '-'               ||
1991          *p == '_'               ||
1992          *p == '.') {
1993        p++;
1994        continue;
1995     }
1996     if (*p == '%') {
1997       if(*(p + 1) == 'p') {
1998         p += 2;
1999         count_p ++;
2000         continue;
2001       }
2002       if (*(p + 1) == 't') {
2003         p += 2;
2004         count_t ++;
2005         continue;
2006       }
2007     }
2008     return false;
2009   }
2010   return count_p < 2 && count_t < 2;
2011 }
2012 
2013 // Check consistency of GC selection
2014 bool Arguments::check_gc_consistency() {
2015   check_gclog_consistency();
2016   // Ensure that the user has not selected conflicting sets
2017   // of collectors.
2018   uint i = 0;
2019   if (UseSerialGC)                       i++;
2020   if (UseConcMarkSweepGC)                i++;
2021   if (UseParallelGC || UseParallelOldGC) i++;
2022   if (UseG1GC)                           i++;
2023   if (i > 1) {
2024     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2025                 "Conflicting collector combinations in option list; "
2026                 "please refer to the release notes for the combinations "
2027                 "allowed\n");
2028     return false;
2029   }
2030 
2031   if (UseConcMarkSweepGC && !UseParNewGC) {
2032     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2033         "It is not possible to combine the DefNew young collector with the CMS collector.\n");
2034     return false;
2035   }
2036 
2037   if (UseParNewGC && !UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
2038     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2039         "It is not possible to combine the ParNew young collector with any collector other than CMS.\n");
2040     return false;
2041   }
2042 
2043   return true;
2044 }
2045 
2046 void Arguments::check_deprecated_gc_flags() {
2047   if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(UseParNewGC)) {
2048     warning("The UseParNewGC flag is deprecated and will likely be removed in a future release");
2049   }
2050   if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(MaxGCMinorPauseMillis)) {
2051     warning("Using MaxGCMinorPauseMillis as minor pause goal is deprecated"
2052             "and will likely be removed in future release");
2053   }
2054   if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(DefaultMaxRAMFraction)) {
2055     warning("DefaultMaxRAMFraction is deprecated and will likely be removed in a future release. "
2056         "Use MaxRAMFraction instead.");
2057   }
2058 }
2059 
2060 // Check the consistency of vm_init_args
2061 bool Arguments::check_vm_args_consistency() {
2062   // Method for adding checks for flag consistency.
2063   // The intent is to warn the user of all possible conflicts,
2064   // before returning an error.
2065   // Note: Needs platform-dependent factoring.
2066   bool status = true;
2067 
2068   if (TLABRefillWasteFraction == 0) {
2069     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2070                 "TLABRefillWasteFraction should be a denominator, "
2071                 "not " SIZE_FORMAT "\n",
2072                 TLABRefillWasteFraction);
2073     status = false;
2074   }
2075 
2076   if (FullGCALot && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MarkSweepAlwaysCompactCount)) {
2077     MarkSweepAlwaysCompactCount = 1;  // Move objects every gc.
2078   }
2079 
2080   if (UseParallelOldGC && ParallelOldGCSplitALot) {
2081     // Settings to encourage splitting.
2082     if (!FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(NewRatio)) {
2083       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, NewRatio, 2) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2084         status = false;
2085       }
2086     }
2087     if (!FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(ScavengeBeforeFullGC)) {
2088       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ScavengeBeforeFullGC, false) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2089         status = false;
2090       }
2091     }
2092   }
2093 
2094   if (!(UseParallelGC || UseParallelOldGC) && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ScavengeBeforeFullGC)) {
2095     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ScavengeBeforeFullGC, false);
2096   }
2097 
2098   if (GCTimeLimit == 100) {
2099     // Turn off gc-overhead-limit-exceeded checks
2100     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseGCOverheadLimit, false);
2101   }
2102 
2103   status = status && check_gc_consistency();
2104 
2105   // CMS space iteration, which FLSVerifyAllHeapreferences entails,
2106   // insists that we hold the requisite locks so that the iteration is
2107   // MT-safe. For the verification at start-up and shut-down, we don't
2108   // yet have a good way of acquiring and releasing these locks,
2109   // which are not visible at the CollectedHeap level. We want to
2110   // be able to acquire these locks and then do the iteration rather
2111   // than just disable the lock verification. This will be fixed under
2112   // bug 4788986.
2113   if (UseConcMarkSweepGC && FLSVerifyAllHeapReferences) {
2114     if (VerifyDuringStartup) {
2115       warning("Heap verification at start-up disabled "
2116               "(due to current incompatibility with FLSVerifyAllHeapReferences)");
2117       VerifyDuringStartup = false; // Disable verification at start-up
2118     }
2119 
2120     if (VerifyBeforeExit) {
2121       warning("Heap verification at shutdown disabled "
2122               "(due to current incompatibility with FLSVerifyAllHeapReferences)");
2123       VerifyBeforeExit = false; // Disable verification at shutdown
2124     }
2125   }
2126 
2127   // Note: only executed in non-PRODUCT mode
2128   if (!UseAsyncConcMarkSweepGC &&
2129       (ExplicitGCInvokesConcurrent ||
2130        ExplicitGCInvokesConcurrentAndUnloadsClasses)) {
2131     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2132                 "error: +ExplicitGCInvokesConcurrent[AndUnloadsClasses] conflicts"
2133                 " with -UseAsyncConcMarkSweepGC");
2134     status = false;
2135   }
2136 
2137   if (PrintNMTStatistics) {
2138 #if INCLUDE_NMT
2139     if (MemTracker::tracking_level() == NMT_off) {
2140 #endif // INCLUDE_NMT
2141       warning("PrintNMTStatistics is disabled, because native memory tracking is not enabled");
2142       PrintNMTStatistics = false;
2143 #if INCLUDE_NMT
2144     }
2145 #endif
2146   }
2147 
2148   // Check lower bounds of the code cache
2149   // Template Interpreter code is approximately 3X larger in debug builds.
2150   uint min_code_cache_size = CodeCacheMinimumUseSpace DEBUG_ONLY(* 3);
2151   if (InitialCodeCacheSize < (uintx)os::vm_page_size()) {
2152     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2153                 "Invalid InitialCodeCacheSize=%dK. Must be at least %dK.\n", InitialCodeCacheSize/K,
2154                 os::vm_page_size()/K);
2155     status = false;
2156   } else if (ReservedCodeCacheSize < InitialCodeCacheSize) {
2157     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2158                 "Invalid ReservedCodeCacheSize: %dK. Must be at least InitialCodeCacheSize=%dK.\n",
2159                 ReservedCodeCacheSize/K, InitialCodeCacheSize/K);
2160     status = false;
2161   } else if (ReservedCodeCacheSize < min_code_cache_size) {
2162     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2163                 "Invalid ReservedCodeCacheSize=%dK. Must be at least %uK.\n", ReservedCodeCacheSize/K,
2164                 min_code_cache_size/K);
2165     status = false;
2166   } else if (ReservedCodeCacheSize > CODE_CACHE_SIZE_LIMIT) {
2167     // Code cache size larger than CODE_CACHE_SIZE_LIMIT is not supported.
2168     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2169                 "Invalid ReservedCodeCacheSize=%dM. Must be at most %uM.\n", ReservedCodeCacheSize/M,
2170                 CODE_CACHE_SIZE_LIMIT/M);
2171     status = false;
2172   } else if (NonNMethodCodeHeapSize < min_code_cache_size){
2173     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2174                 "Invalid NonNMethodCodeHeapSize=%dK. Must be at least %uK.\n", NonNMethodCodeHeapSize/K,
2175                 min_code_cache_size/K);
2176     status = false;
2177   } else if ((!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NonNMethodCodeHeapSize) || !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ProfiledCodeHeapSize) || !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NonProfiledCodeHeapSize))
2178              && (NonNMethodCodeHeapSize + NonProfiledCodeHeapSize + ProfiledCodeHeapSize) != ReservedCodeCacheSize) {
2179     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2180                 "Invalid code heap sizes: NonNMethodCodeHeapSize(%dK) + ProfiledCodeHeapSize(%dK) + NonProfiledCodeHeapSize(%dK) = %dK. Must be equal to ReservedCodeCacheSize = %uK.\n",
2181                 NonNMethodCodeHeapSize/K, ProfiledCodeHeapSize/K, NonProfiledCodeHeapSize/K,
2182                 (NonNMethodCodeHeapSize + ProfiledCodeHeapSize + NonProfiledCodeHeapSize)/K, ReservedCodeCacheSize/K);
2183     status = false;
2184   }
2185 
2186   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(CICompilerCount) && !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(CICompilerCountPerCPU) && CICompilerCountPerCPU) {
2187     warning("The VM option CICompilerCountPerCPU overrides CICompilerCount.");
2188   }
2189 
2190   return status;
2191 }
2192 
2193 bool Arguments::is_bad_option(const JavaVMOption* option, jboolean ignore,
2194   const char* option_type) {
2195   if (ignore) return false;
2196 
2197   const char* spacer = " ";
2198   if (option_type == NULL) {
2199     option_type = ++spacer; // Set both to the empty string.
2200   }
2201 
2202   if (os::obsolete_option(option)) {
2203     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2204                 "Obsolete %s%soption: %s\n", option_type, spacer,
2205       option->optionString);
2206     return false;
2207   } else {
2208     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2209                 "Unrecognized %s%soption: %s\n", option_type, spacer,
2210       option->optionString);
2211     return true;
2212   }
2213 }
2214 
2215 static const char* user_assertion_options[] = {
2216   "-da", "-ea", "-disableassertions", "-enableassertions", 0
2217 };
2218 
2219 static const char* system_assertion_options[] = {
2220   "-dsa", "-esa", "-disablesystemassertions", "-enablesystemassertions", 0
2221 };
2222 
2223 bool Arguments::parse_uintx(const char* value,
2224                             uintx* uintx_arg,
2225                             uintx min_size) {
2226 
2227   // Check the sign first since atomull() parses only unsigned values.
2228   bool value_is_positive = !(*value == '-');
2229 
2230   if (value_is_positive) {
2231     julong n;
2232     bool good_return = atomull(value, &n);
2233     if (good_return) {
2234       bool above_minimum = n >= min_size;
2235       bool value_is_too_large = n > max_uintx;
2236 
2237       if (above_minimum && !value_is_too_large) {
2238         *uintx_arg = n;
2239         return true;
2240       }
2241     }
2242   }
2243   return false;
2244 }
2245 
2246 Arguments::ArgsRange Arguments::parse_memory_size(const char* s,
2247                                                   julong* long_arg,
2248                                                   julong min_size) {
2249   if (!atomull(s, long_arg)) return arg_unreadable;
2250   return check_memory_size(*long_arg, min_size);
2251 }
2252 
2253 // Parse JavaVMInitArgs structure
2254 
2255 jint Arguments::parse_vm_init_args(const JavaVMInitArgs *java_tool_options_args,
2256                                    const JavaVMInitArgs *java_options_args,
2257                                    const JavaVMInitArgs *cmd_line_args) {
2258   // For components of the system classpath.
2259   SysClassPath scp(Arguments::get_sysclasspath());
2260   bool scp_assembly_required = false;
2261 
2262   // Save default settings for some mode flags
2263   Arguments::_AlwaysCompileLoopMethods = AlwaysCompileLoopMethods;
2264   Arguments::_UseOnStackReplacement    = UseOnStackReplacement;
2265   Arguments::_ClipInlining             = ClipInlining;
2266   Arguments::_BackgroundCompilation    = BackgroundCompilation;
2267   if (TieredCompilation) {
2268     Arguments::_Tier3InvokeNotifyFreqLog = Tier3InvokeNotifyFreqLog;
2269     Arguments::_Tier4InvocationThreshold = Tier4InvocationThreshold;
2270   }
2271 
2272   // Setup flags for mixed which is the default
2273   set_mode_flags(_mixed);
2274 
2275   // Parse args structure generated from JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS environment
2276   // variable (if present).
2277   jint result = parse_each_vm_init_arg(
2278       java_tool_options_args, &scp, &scp_assembly_required, Flag::ENVIRON_VAR);
2279   if (result != JNI_OK) {
2280     return result;
2281   }
2282 
2283   // Parse args structure generated from the command line flags.
2284   result = parse_each_vm_init_arg(cmd_line_args, &scp, &scp_assembly_required,
2285                                   Flag::COMMAND_LINE);
2286   if (result != JNI_OK) {
2287     return result;
2288   }
2289 
2290   // Parse args structure generated from the _JAVA_OPTIONS environment
2291   // variable (if present) (mimics classic VM)
2292   result = parse_each_vm_init_arg(
2293       java_options_args, &scp, &scp_assembly_required, Flag::ENVIRON_VAR);
2294   if (result != JNI_OK) {
2295     return result;
2296   }
2297 
2298   // Do final processing now that all arguments have been parsed
2299   result = finalize_vm_init_args(&scp, scp_assembly_required);
2300   if (result != JNI_OK) {
2301     return result;
2302   }
2303 
2304   return JNI_OK;
2305 }
2306 
2307 // Checks if name in command-line argument -agent{lib,path}:name[=options]
2308 // represents a valid JDWP agent.  is_path==true denotes that we
2309 // are dealing with -agentpath (case where name is a path), otherwise with
2310 // -agentlib
2311 bool valid_jdwp_agent(char *name, bool is_path) {
2312   char *_name;
2313   const char *_jdwp = "jdwp";
2314   size_t _len_jdwp, _len_prefix;
2315 
2316   if (is_path) {
2317     if ((_name = strrchr(name, (int) *os::file_separator())) == NULL) {
2318       return false;
2319     }
2320 
2321     _name++;  // skip past last path separator
2322     _len_prefix = strlen(JNI_LIB_PREFIX);
2323 
2324     if (strncmp(_name, JNI_LIB_PREFIX, _len_prefix) != 0) {
2325       return false;
2326     }
2327 
2328     _name += _len_prefix;
2329     _len_jdwp = strlen(_jdwp);
2330 
2331     if (strncmp(_name, _jdwp, _len_jdwp) == 0) {
2332       _name += _len_jdwp;
2333     }
2334     else {
2335       return false;
2336     }
2337 
2338     if (strcmp(_name, JNI_LIB_SUFFIX) != 0) {
2339       return false;
2340     }
2341 
2342     return true;
2343   }
2344 
2345   if (strcmp(name, _jdwp) == 0) {
2346     return true;
2347   }
2348 
2349   return false;
2350 }
2351 
2352 jint Arguments::parse_each_vm_init_arg(const JavaVMInitArgs* args,
2353                                        SysClassPath* scp_p,
2354                                        bool* scp_assembly_required_p,
2355                                        Flag::Flags origin) {
2356   // Remaining part of option string
2357   const char* tail;
2358 
2359   // iterate over arguments
2360   for (int index = 0; index < args->nOptions; index++) {
2361     bool is_absolute_path = false;  // for -agentpath vs -agentlib
2362 
2363     const JavaVMOption* option = args->options + index;
2364 
2365     if (!match_option(option, "-Djava.class.path", &tail) &&
2366         !match_option(option, "-Dsun.java.command", &tail) &&
2367         !match_option(option, "-Dsun.java.launcher", &tail)) {
2368 
2369         // add all jvm options to the jvm_args string. This string
2370         // is used later to set the java.vm.args PerfData string constant.
2371         // the -Djava.class.path and the -Dsun.java.command options are
2372         // omitted from jvm_args string as each have their own PerfData
2373         // string constant object.
2374         build_jvm_args(option->optionString);
2375     }
2376 
2377     // -verbose:[class/gc/jni]
2378     if (match_option(option, "-verbose", &tail)) {
2379       if (!strcmp(tail, ":class") || !strcmp(tail, "")) {
2380         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, TraceClassLoading, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2381           return JNI_EINVAL;
2382         }
2383         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, TraceClassUnloading, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2384           return JNI_EINVAL;
2385         }
2386       } else if (!strcmp(tail, ":gc")) {
2387         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, PrintGC, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2388           return JNI_EINVAL;
2389         }
2390       } else if (!strcmp(tail, ":jni")) {
2391         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, PrintJNIResolving, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2392           return JNI_EINVAL;
2393         }
2394       }
2395     // -da / -ea / -disableassertions / -enableassertions
2396     // These accept an optional class/package name separated by a colon, e.g.,
2397     // -da:java.lang.Thread.
2398     } else if (match_option(option, user_assertion_options, &tail, true)) {
2399       bool enable = option->optionString[1] == 'e';     // char after '-' is 'e'
2400       if (*tail == '\0') {
2401         JavaAssertions::setUserClassDefault(enable);
2402       } else {
2403         assert(*tail == ':', "bogus match by match_option()");
2404         JavaAssertions::addOption(tail + 1, enable);
2405       }
2406     // -dsa / -esa / -disablesystemassertions / -enablesystemassertions
2407     } else if (match_option(option, system_assertion_options, &tail, false)) {
2408       bool enable = option->optionString[1] == 'e';     // char after '-' is 'e'
2409       JavaAssertions::setSystemClassDefault(enable);
2410     // -bootclasspath:
2411     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xbootclasspath:", &tail)) {
2412       scp_p->reset_path(tail);
2413       *scp_assembly_required_p = true;
2414     // -bootclasspath/a:
2415     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xbootclasspath/a:", &tail)) {
2416       scp_p->add_suffix(tail);
2417       *scp_assembly_required_p = true;
2418     // -bootclasspath/p:
2419     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xbootclasspath/p:", &tail)) {
2420       scp_p->add_prefix(tail);
2421       *scp_assembly_required_p = true;
2422     // -Xrun
2423     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xrun", &tail)) {
2424       if (tail != NULL) {
2425         const char* pos = strchr(tail, ':');
2426         size_t len = (pos == NULL) ? strlen(tail) : pos - tail;
2427         char* name = (char*)memcpy(NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len + 1, mtInternal), tail, len);
2428         name[len] = '\0';
2429 
2430         char *options = NULL;
2431         if(pos != NULL) {
2432           size_t len2 = strlen(pos+1) + 1; // options start after ':'.  Final zero must be copied.
2433           options = (char*)memcpy(NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len2, mtInternal), pos+1, len2);
2434         }
2435 #if !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2436         if (strcmp(name, "jdwp") == 0) {
2437           jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2438             "Debugging agents are not supported in this VM\n");
2439           return JNI_ERR;
2440         }
2441 #endif // !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2442         add_init_library(name, options);
2443       }
2444     // -agentlib and -agentpath
2445     } else if (match_option(option, "-agentlib:", &tail) ||
2446           (is_absolute_path = match_option(option, "-agentpath:", &tail))) {
2447       if(tail != NULL) {
2448         const char* pos = strchr(tail, '=');
2449         size_t len = (pos == NULL) ? strlen(tail) : pos - tail;
2450         char* name = strncpy(NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len + 1, mtInternal), tail, len);
2451         name[len] = '\0';
2452 
2453         char *options = NULL;
2454         if(pos != NULL) {
2455           options = os::strdup_check_oom(pos + 1, mtInternal);
2456         }
2457 #if !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2458         if (valid_jdwp_agent(name, is_absolute_path)) {
2459           jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2460             "Debugging agents are not supported in this VM\n");
2461           return JNI_ERR;
2462         }
2463 #endif // !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2464         add_init_agent(name, options, is_absolute_path);
2465       }
2466     // -javaagent
2467     } else if (match_option(option, "-javaagent:", &tail)) {
2468 #if !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2469       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2470         "Instrumentation agents are not supported in this VM\n");
2471       return JNI_ERR;
2472 #else
2473       if(tail != NULL) {
2474         char *options = strcpy(NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, strlen(tail) + 1, mtInternal), tail);
2475         add_init_agent("instrument", options, false);
2476       }
2477 #endif // !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2478     // -Xnoclassgc
2479     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xnoclassgc")) {
2480       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ClassUnloading, false) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2481         return JNI_EINVAL;
2482       }
2483     // -Xconcgc
2484     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xconcgc")) {
2485       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseConcMarkSweepGC, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2486         return JNI_EINVAL;
2487       }
2488     // -Xnoconcgc
2489     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xnoconcgc")) {
2490       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseConcMarkSweepGC, false) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2491         return JNI_EINVAL;
2492       }
2493     // -Xbatch
2494     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xbatch")) {
2495       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BackgroundCompilation, false) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2496         return JNI_EINVAL;
2497       }
2498     // -Xmn for compatibility with other JVM vendors
2499     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmn", &tail)) {
2500       julong long_initial_young_size = 0;
2501       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_initial_young_size, 1);
2502       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2503         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2504                     "Invalid initial young generation size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2505         describe_range_error(errcode);
2506         return JNI_EINVAL;
2507       }
2508       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(size_t, MaxNewSize, (size_t)long_initial_young_size) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2509         return JNI_EINVAL;
2510       }
2511       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(size_t, NewSize, (size_t)long_initial_young_size) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2512         return JNI_EINVAL;
2513       }
2514     // -Xms
2515     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xms", &tail)) {
2516       julong long_initial_heap_size = 0;
2517       // an initial heap size of 0 means automatically determine
2518       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_initial_heap_size, 0);
2519       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2520         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2521                     "Invalid initial heap size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2522         describe_range_error(errcode);
2523         return JNI_EINVAL;
2524       }
2525       set_min_heap_size((size_t)long_initial_heap_size);
2526       // Currently the minimum size and the initial heap sizes are the same.
2527       // Can be overridden with -XX:InitialHeapSize.
2528       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(size_t, InitialHeapSize, (size_t)long_initial_heap_size) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2529         return JNI_EINVAL;
2530       }
2531     // -Xmx
2532     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmx", &tail) || match_option(option, "-XX:MaxHeapSize=", &tail)) {
2533       julong long_max_heap_size = 0;
2534       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_max_heap_size, 1);
2535       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2536         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2537                     "Invalid maximum heap size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2538         describe_range_error(errcode);
2539         return JNI_EINVAL;
2540       }
2541       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(size_t, MaxHeapSize, (size_t)long_max_heap_size) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2542         return JNI_EINVAL;
2543       }
2544     // Xmaxf
2545     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmaxf", &tail)) {
2546       char* err;
2547       int maxf = (int)(strtod(tail, &err) * 100);
2548       if (*err != '\0' || *tail == '\0') {
2549         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2550                     "Bad max heap free percentage size: %s\n",
2551                     option->optionString);
2552         return JNI_EINVAL;
2553       } else {
2554         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxHeapFreeRatio, maxf) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2555             return JNI_EINVAL;
2556         }
2557       }
2558     // Xminf
2559     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xminf", &tail)) {
2560       char* err;
2561       int minf = (int)(strtod(tail, &err) * 100);
2562       if (*err != '\0' || *tail == '\0') {
2563         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2564                     "Bad min heap free percentage size: %s\n",
2565                     option->optionString);
2566         return JNI_EINVAL;
2567       } else {
2568         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MinHeapFreeRatio, minf) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2569           return JNI_EINVAL;
2570         }
2571       }
2572     // -Xss
2573     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xss", &tail)) {
2574       julong long_ThreadStackSize = 0;
2575       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_ThreadStackSize, 1000);
2576       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2577         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2578                     "Invalid thread stack size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2579         describe_range_error(errcode);
2580         return JNI_EINVAL;
2581       }
2582       // Internally track ThreadStackSize in units of 1024 bytes.
2583       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(intx, ThreadStackSize,
2584                        round_to((int)long_ThreadStackSize, K) / K) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2585         return JNI_EINVAL;
2586       }
2587     // -Xoss, -Xsqnopause, -Xoptimize, -Xboundthreads
2588     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xoss", &tail) ||
2589                match_option(option, "-Xsqnopause") ||
2590                match_option(option, "-Xoptimize") ||
2591                match_option(option, "-Xboundthreads")) {
2592       // All these options are deprecated in JDK 9 and will be removed in a future release
2593       char version[256];
2594       JDK_Version::jdk(9).to_string(version, sizeof(version));
2595       warning("ignoring option %s; support was removed in %s", option->optionString, version);
2596     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:CodeCacheExpansionSize=", &tail)) {
2597       julong long_CodeCacheExpansionSize = 0;
2598       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_CodeCacheExpansionSize, os::vm_page_size());
2599       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2600         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2601                    "Invalid argument: %s. Must be at least %luK.\n", option->optionString,
2602                    os::vm_page_size()/K);
2603         return JNI_EINVAL;
2604       }
2605       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, CodeCacheExpansionSize, (uintx)long_CodeCacheExpansionSize) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2606         return JNI_EINVAL;
2607       }
2608     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmaxjitcodesize", &tail) ||
2609                match_option(option, "-XX:ReservedCodeCacheSize=", &tail)) {
2610       julong long_ReservedCodeCacheSize = 0;
2611 
2612       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_ReservedCodeCacheSize, 1);
2613       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2614         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2615                     "Invalid maximum code cache size: %s.\n", option->optionString);
2616         return JNI_EINVAL;
2617       }
2618       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, ReservedCodeCacheSize, (uintx)long_ReservedCodeCacheSize) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2619         return JNI_EINVAL;
2620       }
2621       // -XX:NonNMethodCodeHeapSize=
2622     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:NonNMethodCodeHeapSize=", &tail)) {
2623       julong long_NonNMethodCodeHeapSize = 0;
2624 
2625       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_NonNMethodCodeHeapSize, 1);
2626       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2627         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2628                     "Invalid maximum non-nmethod code heap size: %s.\n", option->optionString);
2629         return JNI_EINVAL;
2630       }
2631       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, NonNMethodCodeHeapSize, (uintx)long_NonNMethodCodeHeapSize) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2632         return JNI_EINVAL;
2633       }
2634       // -XX:ProfiledCodeHeapSize=
2635     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:ProfiledCodeHeapSize=", &tail)) {
2636       julong long_ProfiledCodeHeapSize = 0;
2637 
2638       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_ProfiledCodeHeapSize, 1);
2639       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2640         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2641                     "Invalid maximum profiled code heap size: %s.\n", option->optionString);
2642         return JNI_EINVAL;
2643       }
2644       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, ProfiledCodeHeapSize, (uintx)long_ProfiledCodeHeapSize) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2645         return JNI_EINVAL;
2646       }
2647       // -XX:NonProfiledCodeHeapSizee=
2648     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:NonProfiledCodeHeapSize=", &tail)) {
2649       julong long_NonProfiledCodeHeapSize = 0;
2650 
2651       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_NonProfiledCodeHeapSize, 1);
2652       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2653         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2654                     "Invalid maximum non-profiled code heap size: %s.\n", option->optionString);
2655         return JNI_EINVAL;
2656       }
2657       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, NonProfiledCodeHeapSize, (uintx)long_NonProfiledCodeHeapSize) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2658         return JNI_EINVAL;
2659       }
2660     // -green
2661     } else if (match_option(option, "-green")) {
2662       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2663                   "Green threads support not available\n");
2664           return JNI_EINVAL;
2665     // -native
2666     } else if (match_option(option, "-native")) {
2667           // HotSpot always uses native threads, ignore silently for compatibility
2668     // -Xrs
2669     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xrs")) {
2670           // Classic/EVM option, new functionality
2671       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ReduceSignalUsage, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2672         return JNI_EINVAL;
2673       }
2674     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xusealtsigs")) {
2675           // change default internal VM signals used - lower case for back compat
2676       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseAltSigs, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2677         return JNI_EINVAL;
2678       }
2679     // -Xprof
2680     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xprof")) {
2681 #if INCLUDE_FPROF
2682       _has_profile = true;
2683 #else // INCLUDE_FPROF
2684       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2685         "Flat profiling is not supported in this VM.\n");
2686       return JNI_ERR;
2687 #endif // INCLUDE_FPROF
2688     // -Xconcurrentio
2689     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xconcurrentio")) {
2690       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseLWPSynchronization, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2691         return JNI_EINVAL;
2692       }
2693       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BackgroundCompilation, false) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2694         return JNI_EINVAL;
2695       }
2696       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(intx, DeferThrSuspendLoopCount, 1) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2697         return JNI_EINVAL;
2698       }
2699       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseTLAB, false) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2700         return JNI_EINVAL;
2701       }
2702       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(size_t, NewSizeThreadIncrease, 16 * K) != Flag::SUCCESS) {  // 20Kb per thread added to new generation
2703         return JNI_EINVAL;
2704       }
2705 
2706       // -Xinternalversion
2707     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xinternalversion")) {
2708       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(), "%s\n",
2709                   VM_Version::internal_vm_info_string());
2710       vm_exit(0);
2711 #ifndef PRODUCT
2712     // -Xprintflags
2713     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xprintflags")) {
2714       CommandLineFlags::printFlags(tty, false);
2715       vm_exit(0);
2716 #endif
2717     // -D
2718     } else if (match_option(option, "-D", &tail)) {
2719       const char* value;
2720       if (match_option(option, "-Djava.endorsed.dirs=", &value) &&
2721             *value!= '\0' && strcmp(value, "\"\"") != 0) {
2722         // abort if -Djava.endorsed.dirs is set
2723         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
2724           "-Djava.endorsed.dirs=%s is not supported. Endorsed standards and standalone APIs\n"
2725           "in modular form will be supported via the concept of upgradeable modules.\n", value);
2726         return JNI_EINVAL;
2727       }
2728       if (match_option(option, "-Djava.ext.dirs=", &value) &&
2729             *value != '\0' && strcmp(value, "\"\"") != 0) {
2730         // abort if -Djava.ext.dirs is set
2731         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
2732           "-Djava.ext.dirs=%s is not supported.  Use -classpath instead.\n", value);
2733         return JNI_EINVAL;
2734       }
2735 
2736       if (!add_property(tail)) {
2737         return JNI_ENOMEM;
2738       }
2739       // Out of the box management support
2740       if (match_option(option, "-Dcom.sun.management", &tail)) {
2741 #if INCLUDE_MANAGEMENT
2742         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ManagementServer, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2743           return JNI_EINVAL;
2744         }
2745 #else
2746         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
2747           "-Dcom.sun.management is not supported in this VM.\n");
2748         return JNI_ERR;
2749 #endif
2750       }
2751     // -Xint
2752     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xint")) {
2753           set_mode_flags(_int);
2754     // -Xmixed
2755     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmixed")) {
2756           set_mode_flags(_mixed);
2757     // -Xcomp
2758     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xcomp")) {
2759       // for testing the compiler; turn off all flags that inhibit compilation
2760           set_mode_flags(_comp);
2761     // -Xshare:dump
2762     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xshare:dump")) {
2763       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DumpSharedSpaces, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2764         return JNI_EINVAL;
2765       }
2766       set_mode_flags(_int);     // Prevent compilation, which creates objects
2767     // -Xshare:on
2768     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xshare:on")) {
2769       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseSharedSpaces, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2770         return JNI_EINVAL;
2771       }
2772       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, RequireSharedSpaces, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2773         return JNI_EINVAL;
2774       }
2775     // -Xshare:auto
2776     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xshare:auto")) {
2777       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseSharedSpaces, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2778         return JNI_EINVAL;
2779       }
2780       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, RequireSharedSpaces, false) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2781         return JNI_EINVAL;
2782       }
2783     // -Xshare:off
2784     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xshare:off")) {
2785       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseSharedSpaces, false) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2786         return JNI_EINVAL;
2787       }
2788       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, RequireSharedSpaces, false) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2789         return JNI_EINVAL;
2790       }
2791     // -Xverify
2792     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xverify", &tail)) {
2793       if (strcmp(tail, ":all") == 0 || strcmp(tail, "") == 0) {
2794         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationLocal, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2795           return JNI_EINVAL;
2796         }
2797         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationRemote, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2798           return JNI_EINVAL;
2799         }
2800       } else if (strcmp(tail, ":remote") == 0) {
2801         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationLocal, false) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2802           return JNI_EINVAL;
2803         }
2804         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationRemote, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2805           return JNI_EINVAL;
2806         }
2807       } else if (strcmp(tail, ":none") == 0) {
2808         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationLocal, false) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2809           return JNI_EINVAL;
2810         }
2811         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationRemote, false) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2812           return JNI_EINVAL;
2813         }
2814       } else if (is_bad_option(option, args->ignoreUnrecognized, "verification")) {
2815         return JNI_EINVAL;
2816       }
2817     // -Xdebug
2818     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xdebug")) {
2819       // note this flag has been used, then ignore
2820       set_xdebug_mode(true);
2821     // -Xnoagent
2822     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xnoagent")) {
2823       // For compatibility with classic. HotSpot refuses to load the old style agent.dll.
2824     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xloggc:", &tail)) {
2825       // Redirect GC output to the file. -Xloggc:<filename>
2826       // ostream_init_log(), when called will use this filename
2827       // to initialize a fileStream.
2828       _gc_log_filename = os::strdup_check_oom(tail);
2829      if (!is_filename_valid(_gc_log_filename)) {
2830        jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
2831                   "Invalid file name for use with -Xloggc: Filename can only contain the "
2832                   "characters [A-Z][a-z][0-9]-_.%%[p|t] but it has been %s\n"
2833                   "Note %%p or %%t can only be used once\n", _gc_log_filename);
2834         return JNI_EINVAL;
2835       }
2836       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, PrintGC, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2837         return JNI_EINVAL;
2838       }
2839       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, PrintGCTimeStamps, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2840         return JNI_EINVAL;
2841       }
2842     // JNI hooks
2843     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xcheck", &tail)) {
2844       if (!strcmp(tail, ":jni")) {
2845 #if !INCLUDE_JNI_CHECK
2846         warning("JNI CHECKING is not supported in this VM");
2847 #else
2848         CheckJNICalls = true;
2849 #endif // INCLUDE_JNI_CHECK
2850       } else if (is_bad_option(option, args->ignoreUnrecognized,
2851                                      "check")) {
2852         return JNI_EINVAL;
2853       }
2854     } else if (match_option(option, "vfprintf")) {
2855       _vfprintf_hook = CAST_TO_FN_PTR(vfprintf_hook_t, option->extraInfo);
2856     } else if (match_option(option, "exit")) {
2857       _exit_hook = CAST_TO_FN_PTR(exit_hook_t, option->extraInfo);
2858     } else if (match_option(option, "abort")) {
2859       _abort_hook = CAST_TO_FN_PTR(abort_hook_t, option->extraInfo);
2860     // -XX:+AggressiveHeap
2861     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+AggressiveHeap")) {
2862 
2863       // This option inspects the machine and attempts to set various
2864       // parameters to be optimal for long-running, memory allocation
2865       // intensive jobs.  It is intended for machines with large
2866       // amounts of cpu and memory.
2867 
2868       // initHeapSize is needed since _initial_heap_size is 4 bytes on a 32 bit
2869       // VM, but we may not be able to represent the total physical memory
2870       // available (like having 8gb of memory on a box but using a 32bit VM).
2871       // Thus, we need to make sure we're using a julong for intermediate
2872       // calculations.
2873       julong initHeapSize;
2874       julong total_memory = os::physical_memory();
2875 
2876       if (total_memory < (julong)256*M) {
2877         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2878                     "You need at least 256mb of memory to use -XX:+AggressiveHeap\n");
2879         vm_exit(1);
2880       }
2881 
2882       // The heap size is half of available memory, or (at most)
2883       // all of possible memory less 160mb (leaving room for the OS
2884       // when using ISM).  This is the maximum; because adaptive sizing
2885       // is turned on below, the actual space used may be smaller.
2886 
2887       initHeapSize = MIN2(total_memory / (julong)2,
2888                           total_memory - (julong)160*M);
2889 
2890       initHeapSize = limit_by_allocatable_memory(initHeapSize);
2891 
2892       if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxHeapSize)) {
2893          if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(size_t, MaxHeapSize, initHeapSize) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2894            return JNI_EINVAL;
2895          }
2896          if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(size_t, InitialHeapSize, initHeapSize) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2897            return JNI_EINVAL;
2898          }
2899          // Currently the minimum size and the initial heap sizes are the same.
2900          set_min_heap_size(initHeapSize);
2901       }
2902       if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NewSize)) {
2903          // Make the young generation 3/8ths of the total heap.
2904          if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(size_t, NewSize,
2905                                 ((julong)MaxHeapSize / (julong)8) * (julong)3) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2906            return JNI_EINVAL;
2907          }
2908          if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(size_t, MaxNewSize, NewSize) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2909            return JNI_EINVAL;
2910          }
2911       }
2912 
2913 #if !defined(_ALLBSD_SOURCE) && !defined(AIX)  // UseLargePages is not yet supported on BSD and AIX.
2914       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseLargePages, true);
2915 #endif
2916 
2917       // Increase some data structure sizes for efficiency
2918       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(size_t, BaseFootPrintEstimate, MaxHeapSize) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2919         return JNI_EINVAL;
2920       }
2921       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ResizeTLAB, false) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2922         return JNI_EINVAL;
2923       }
2924       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(size_t, TLABSize, 256*K) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2925         return JNI_EINVAL;
2926       }
2927 
2928       // See the OldPLABSize comment below, but replace 'after promotion'
2929       // with 'after copying'.  YoungPLABSize is the size of the survivor
2930       // space per-gc-thread buffers.  The default is 4kw.
2931       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(size_t, YoungPLABSize, 256*K) != Flag::SUCCESS) {      // Note: this is in words
2932         return JNI_EINVAL;
2933       }
2934 
2935       // OldPLABSize is the size of the buffers in the old gen that
2936       // UseParallelGC uses to promote live data that doesn't fit in the
2937       // survivor spaces.  At any given time, there's one for each gc thread.
2938       // The default size is 1kw. These buffers are rarely used, since the
2939       // survivor spaces are usually big enough.  For specjbb, however, there
2940       // are occasions when there's lots of live data in the young gen
2941       // and we end up promoting some of it.  We don't have a definite
2942       // explanation for why bumping OldPLABSize helps, but the theory
2943       // is that a bigger PLAB results in retaining something like the
2944       // original allocation order after promotion, which improves mutator
2945       // locality.  A minor effect may be that larger PLABs reduce the
2946       // number of PLAB allocation events during gc.  The value of 8kw
2947       // was arrived at by experimenting with specjbb.
2948       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(size_t, OldPLABSize, 8*K) != Flag::SUCCESS) {  // Note: this is in words
2949         return JNI_EINVAL;
2950       }
2951 
2952       // Enable parallel GC and adaptive generation sizing
2953       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseParallelGC, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2954         return JNI_EINVAL;
2955       }
2956       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads,
2957                        Abstract_VM_Version::parallel_worker_threads());
2958 
2959       // Encourage steady state memory management
2960       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, ThresholdTolerance, 100) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2961         return JNI_EINVAL;
2962       }
2963 
2964       // This appears to improve mutator locality
2965       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ScavengeBeforeFullGC, false) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2966         return JNI_EINVAL;
2967       }
2968 
2969       // Get around early Solaris scheduling bug
2970       // (affinity vs other jobs on system)
2971       // but disallow DR and offlining (5008695).
2972       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BindGCTaskThreadsToCPUs, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2973         return JNI_EINVAL;
2974       }
2975 
2976     // Need to keep consistency of MaxTenuringThreshold and AlwaysTenure/NeverTenure;
2977     // and the last option wins.
2978     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+NeverTenure")) {
2979       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, NeverTenure, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2980         return JNI_EINVAL;
2981       }
2982       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, AlwaysTenure, false) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2983         return JNI_EINVAL;
2984       }
2985       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxTenuringThreshold, markOopDesc::max_age + 1) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2986         return JNI_EINVAL;
2987       }
2988     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+AlwaysTenure")) {
2989       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, NeverTenure, false) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2990         return JNI_EINVAL;
2991       }
2992       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, AlwaysTenure, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2993         return JNI_EINVAL;
2994       }
2995       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxTenuringThreshold, 0) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
2996         return JNI_EINVAL;
2997       }
2998     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:MaxTenuringThreshold=", &tail)) {
2999       uintx max_tenuring_thresh = 0;
3000       if (!parse_uintx(tail, &max_tenuring_thresh, 0)) {
3001         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3002                     "Improperly specified VM option \'MaxTenuringThreshold=%s\'\n", tail);
3003         return JNI_EINVAL;
3004       }
3005 
3006       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxTenuringThreshold, max_tenuring_thresh) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3007         return JNI_EINVAL;
3008       }
3009 
3010       if (MaxTenuringThreshold == 0) {
3011         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, NeverTenure, false) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3012           return JNI_EINVAL;
3013         }
3014         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, AlwaysTenure, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3015           return JNI_EINVAL;
3016         }
3017       } else {
3018         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, NeverTenure, false) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3019           return JNI_EINVAL;
3020         }
3021         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, AlwaysTenure, false) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3022           return JNI_EINVAL;
3023         }
3024       }
3025     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+DisplayVMOutputToStderr")) {
3026       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DisplayVMOutputToStdout, false) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3027         return JNI_EINVAL;
3028       }
3029       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DisplayVMOutputToStderr, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3030         return JNI_EINVAL;
3031       }
3032     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+DisplayVMOutputToStdout")) {
3033       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DisplayVMOutputToStderr, false) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3034         return JNI_EINVAL;
3035       }
3036       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DisplayVMOutputToStdout, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3037         return JNI_EINVAL;
3038       }
3039     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+ExtendedDTraceProbes")) {
3040 #if defined(DTRACE_ENABLED)
3041       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ExtendedDTraceProbes, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3042         return JNI_EINVAL;
3043       }
3044       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DTraceMethodProbes, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3045         return JNI_EINVAL;
3046       }
3047       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DTraceAllocProbes, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3048         return JNI_EINVAL;
3049       }
3050       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DTraceMonitorProbes, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3051         return JNI_EINVAL;
3052       }
3053 #else // defined(DTRACE_ENABLED)
3054       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3055                   "ExtendedDTraceProbes flag is not applicable for this configuration\n");
3056       return JNI_EINVAL;
3057 #endif // defined(DTRACE_ENABLED)
3058 #ifdef ASSERT
3059     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+FullGCALot")) {
3060       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, FullGCALot, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3061         return JNI_EINVAL;
3062       }
3063       // disable scavenge before parallel mark-compact
3064       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ScavengeBeforeFullGC, false) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3065         return JNI_EINVAL;
3066       }
3067 #endif
3068     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:CMSMarkStackSize=", &tail) ||
3069                match_option(option, "-XX:G1MarkStackSize=", &tail)) {
3070       julong stack_size = 0;
3071       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &stack_size, 1);
3072       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
3073         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3074                     "Invalid mark stack size: %s\n", option->optionString);
3075         describe_range_error(errcode);
3076         return JNI_EINVAL;
3077       }
3078       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3079         "Please use -XX:MarkStackSize in place of "
3080         "-XX:CMSMarkStackSize or -XX:G1MarkStackSize in the future\n");
3081       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(size_t, MarkStackSize, stack_size) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3082         return JNI_EINVAL;
3083       }
3084     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:CMSMarkStackSizeMax=", &tail)) {
3085       julong max_stack_size = 0;
3086       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &max_stack_size, 1);
3087       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
3088         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3089                     "Invalid maximum mark stack size: %s\n",
3090                     option->optionString);
3091         describe_range_error(errcode);
3092         return JNI_EINVAL;
3093       }
3094       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3095          "Please use -XX:MarkStackSizeMax in place of "
3096          "-XX:CMSMarkStackSizeMax in the future\n");
3097       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(size_t, MarkStackSizeMax, max_stack_size) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3098         return JNI_EINVAL;
3099       }
3100     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:ParallelMarkingThreads=", &tail) ||
3101                match_option(option, "-XX:ParallelCMSThreads=", &tail)) {
3102       uintx conc_threads = 0;
3103       if (!parse_uintx(tail, &conc_threads, 1)) {
3104         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3105                     "Invalid concurrent threads: %s\n", option->optionString);
3106         return JNI_EINVAL;
3107       }
3108       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3109         "Please use -XX:ConcGCThreads in place of "
3110         "-XX:ParallelMarkingThreads or -XX:ParallelCMSThreads in the future\n");
3111       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uint, ConcGCThreads, conc_threads) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3112         return JNI_EINVAL;
3113       }
3114     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:MaxDirectMemorySize=", &tail)) {
3115       julong max_direct_memory_size = 0;
3116       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &max_direct_memory_size, 0);
3117       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
3118         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3119                     "Invalid maximum direct memory size: %s\n",
3120                     option->optionString);
3121         describe_range_error(errcode);
3122         return JNI_EINVAL;
3123       }
3124       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(size_t, MaxDirectMemorySize, max_direct_memory_size) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3125         return JNI_EINVAL;
3126       }
3127 #if !INCLUDE_MANAGEMENT
3128     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+ManagementServer")) {
3129         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3130           "ManagementServer is not supported in this VM.\n");
3131         return JNI_ERR;
3132 #endif // INCLUDE_MANAGEMENT
3133     // CreateMinidumpOnCrash is removed, and replaced by CreateCoredumpOnCrash
3134     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+CreateMinidumpOnCrash")) {
3135       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, CreateCoredumpOnCrash, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3136         return JNI_EINVAL;
3137       }
3138       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
3139           "CreateMinidumpOnCrash is replaced by CreateCoredumpOnCrash: CreateCoredumpOnCrash is on\n");
3140     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:-CreateMinidumpOnCrash")) {
3141       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, CreateCoredumpOnCrash, false) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3142         return JNI_EINVAL;
3143       }
3144       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
3145           "CreateMinidumpOnCrash is replaced by CreateCoredumpOnCrash: CreateCoredumpOnCrash is off\n");
3146     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:", &tail)) { // -XX:xxxx
3147       // Skip -XX:Flags= since that case has already been handled
3148       if (strncmp(tail, "Flags=", strlen("Flags=")) != 0) {
3149         if (!process_argument(tail, args->ignoreUnrecognized, origin)) {
3150           return JNI_EINVAL;
3151         }
3152       }
3153     // Unknown option
3154     } else if (is_bad_option(option, args->ignoreUnrecognized)) {
3155       return JNI_ERR;
3156     }
3157   }
3158 
3159   // PrintSharedArchiveAndExit will turn on
3160   //   -Xshare:on
3161   //   -XX:+TraceClassPaths
3162   if (PrintSharedArchiveAndExit) {
3163     if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseSharedSpaces, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3164       return JNI_EINVAL;
3165     }
3166     if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, RequireSharedSpaces, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3167       return JNI_EINVAL;
3168     }
3169     if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, TraceClassPaths, true) != Flag::SUCCESS) {
3170       return JNI_EINVAL;
3171     }
3172   }
3173 
3174   // Change the default value for flags  which have different default values
3175   // when working with older JDKs.
3176 #ifdef LINUX
3177  if (JDK_Version::current().compare_major(6) <= 0 &&
3178       FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseLinuxPosixThreadCPUClocks)) {
3179     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseLinuxPosixThreadCPUClocks, false);
3180   }
3181 #endif // LINUX
3182   fix_appclasspath();
3183   return JNI_OK;
3184 }
3185 
3186 // Remove all empty paths from the app classpath (if IgnoreEmptyClassPaths is enabled)
3187 //
3188 // This is necessary because some apps like to specify classpath like -cp foo.jar:${XYZ}:bar.jar
3189 // in their start-up scripts. If XYZ is empty, the classpath will look like "-cp foo.jar::bar.jar".
3190 // Java treats such empty paths as if the user specified "-cp foo.jar:.:bar.jar". I.e., an empty
3191 // path is treated as the current directory.
3192 //
3193 // This causes problems with CDS, which requires that all directories specified in the classpath
3194 // must be empty. In most cases, applications do NOT want to load classes from the current
3195 // directory anyway. Adding -XX:+IgnoreEmptyClassPaths will make these applications' start-up
3196 // scripts compatible with CDS.
3197 void Arguments::fix_appclasspath() {
3198   if (IgnoreEmptyClassPaths) {
3199     const char separator = *os::path_separator();
3200     const char* src = _java_class_path->value();
3201 
3202     // skip over all the leading empty paths
3203     while (*src == separator) {
3204       src ++;
3205     }
3206 
3207     char* copy = os::strdup_check_oom(src, mtInternal);
3208 
3209     // trim all trailing empty paths
3210     for (char* tail = copy + strlen(copy) - 1; tail >= copy && *tail == separator; tail--) {
3211       *tail = '\0';
3212     }
3213 
3214     char from[3] = {separator, separator, '\0'};
3215     char to  [2] = {separator, '\0'};
3216     while (StringUtils::replace_no_expand(copy, from, to) > 0) {
3217       // Keep replacing "::" -> ":" until we have no more "::" (non-windows)
3218       // Keep replacing ";;" -> ";" until we have no more ";;" (windows)
3219     }
3220 
3221     _java_class_path->set_value(copy);
3222     FreeHeap(copy); // a copy was made by set_value, so don't need this anymore
3223   }
3224 
3225   if (!PrintSharedArchiveAndExit) {
3226     ClassLoader::trace_class_path("[classpath: ", _java_class_path->value());
3227   }
3228 }
3229 
3230 static bool has_jar_files(const char* directory) {
3231   DIR* dir = os::opendir(directory);
3232   if (dir == NULL) return false;
3233 
3234   struct dirent *entry;
3235   char *dbuf = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, os::readdir_buf_size(directory), mtInternal);
3236   bool hasJarFile = false;
3237   while (!hasJarFile && (entry = os::readdir(dir, (dirent *) dbuf)) != NULL) {
3238     const char* name = entry->d_name;
3239     const char* ext = name + strlen(name) - 4;
3240     hasJarFile = ext > name && (os::file_name_strcmp(ext, ".jar") == 0);
3241   }
3242   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, dbuf);
3243   os::closedir(dir);
3244   return hasJarFile ;
3245 }
3246 
3247 static int check_non_empty_dirs(const char* path) {
3248   const char separator = *os::path_separator();
3249   const char* const end = path + strlen(path);
3250   int nonEmptyDirs = 0;
3251   while (path < end) {
3252     const char* tmp_end = strchr(path, separator);
3253     if (tmp_end == NULL) {
3254       if (has_jar_files(path)) {
3255         nonEmptyDirs++;
3256         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
3257           "Non-empty directory: %s\n", path);
3258       }
3259       path = end;
3260     } else {
3261       char* dirpath = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, tmp_end - path + 1, mtInternal);
3262       memcpy(dirpath, path, tmp_end - path);
3263       dirpath[tmp_end - path] = '\0';
3264       if (has_jar_files(dirpath)) {
3265         nonEmptyDirs++;
3266         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
3267           "Non-empty directory: %s\n", dirpath);
3268       }
3269       FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, dirpath);
3270       path = tmp_end + 1;
3271     }
3272   }
3273   return nonEmptyDirs;
3274 }
3275 
3276 jint Arguments::finalize_vm_init_args(SysClassPath* scp_p, bool scp_assembly_required) {
3277   // check if the default lib/endorsed directory exists; if so, error
3278   char path[JVM_MAXPATHLEN];
3279   const char* fileSep = os::file_separator();
3280   sprintf(path, "%s%slib%sendorsed", Arguments::get_java_home(), fileSep, fileSep);
3281 
3282   if (CheckEndorsedAndExtDirs) {
3283     int nonEmptyDirs = 0;
3284     // check endorsed directory
3285     nonEmptyDirs += check_non_empty_dirs(path);
3286     // check the extension directories
3287     nonEmptyDirs += check_non_empty_dirs(Arguments::get_ext_dirs());
3288     if (nonEmptyDirs > 0) {
3289       return JNI_ERR;
3290     }
3291   }
3292 
3293   DIR* dir = os::opendir(path);
3294   if (dir != NULL) {
3295     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
3296       "<JAVA_HOME>/lib/endorsed is not supported. Endorsed standards and standalone APIs\n"
3297       "in modular form will be supported via the concept of upgradeable modules.\n");
3298     os::closedir(dir);
3299     return JNI_ERR;
3300   }
3301 
3302   sprintf(path, "%s%slib%sext", Arguments::get_java_home(), fileSep, fileSep);
3303   dir = os::opendir(path);
3304   if (dir != NULL) {
3305     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
3306       "<JAVA_HOME>/lib/ext exists, extensions mechanism no longer supported; "
3307       "Use -classpath instead.\n.");
3308     os::closedir(dir);
3309     return JNI_ERR;
3310   }
3311 
3312   if (scp_assembly_required) {
3313     // Assemble the bootclasspath elements into the final path.
3314     char *combined_path = scp_p->combined_path();
3315     Arguments::set_sysclasspath(combined_path);
3316     FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, combined_path);
3317   }
3318 
3319   // This must be done after all arguments have been processed.
3320   // java_compiler() true means set to "NONE" or empty.
3321   if (java_compiler() && !xdebug_mode()) {
3322     // For backwards compatibility, we switch to interpreted mode if
3323     // -Djava.compiler="NONE" or "" is specified AND "-Xdebug" was
3324     // not specified.
3325     set_mode_flags(_int);
3326   }
3327 
3328   // CompileThresholdScaling == 0.0 is same as -Xint: Disable compilation (enable interpreter-only mode),
3329   // but like -Xint, leave compilation thresholds unaffected.
3330   // With tiered compilation disabled, setting CompileThreshold to 0 disables compilation as well.
3331   if ((CompileThresholdScaling == 0.0) || (!TieredCompilation && CompileThreshold == 0)) {
3332     set_mode_flags(_int);
3333   }
3334 
3335   // eventually fix up InitialTenuringThreshold if only MaxTenuringThreshold is set
3336   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(InitialTenuringThreshold) && (InitialTenuringThreshold > MaxTenuringThreshold)) {
3337     FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, InitialTenuringThreshold, MaxTenuringThreshold);
3338   }
3339 
3340 #ifndef COMPILER2
3341   // Don't degrade server performance for footprint
3342   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseLargePages) &&
3343       MaxHeapSize < LargePageHeapSizeThreshold) {
3344     // No need for large granularity pages w/small heaps.
3345     // Note that large pages are enabled/disabled for both the
3346     // Java heap and the code cache.
3347     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseLargePages, false);
3348   }
3349 
3350 #else
3351   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(OptoLoopAlignment) && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxLoopPad)) {
3352     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MaxLoopPad, OptoLoopAlignment-1);
3353   }
3354 #endif
3355 
3356 #ifndef TIERED
3357   // Tiered compilation is undefined.
3358   UNSUPPORTED_OPTION(TieredCompilation, "TieredCompilation");
3359 #endif
3360 
3361   // If we are running in a headless jre, force java.awt.headless property
3362   // to be true unless the property has already been set.
3363   // Also allow the OS environment variable JAVA_AWT_HEADLESS to set headless state.
3364   if (os::is_headless_jre()) {
3365     const char* headless = Arguments::get_property("java.awt.headless");
3366     if (headless == NULL) {
3367       const char *headless_env = ::getenv("JAVA_AWT_HEADLESS");
3368       if (headless_env == NULL) {
3369         if (!add_property("java.awt.headless=true")) {
3370           return JNI_ENOMEM;
3371         }
3372       } else {
3373         char buffer[256];
3374         jio_snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "java.awt.headless=%s", headless_env);
3375         if (!add_property(buffer)) {
3376           return JNI_ENOMEM;
3377         }
3378       }
3379     }
3380   }
3381 
3382   if (UseConcMarkSweepGC && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseParNewGC) && !UseParNewGC) {
3383     // CMS can only be used with ParNew
3384     FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, UseParNewGC, true);
3385   }
3386 
3387   if (!check_vm_args_consistency()) {
3388     return JNI_ERR;
3389   }
3390 
3391   return JNI_OK;
3392 }
3393 
3394 // Helper class for controlling the lifetime of JavaVMInitArgs
3395 // objects.  The contents of the JavaVMInitArgs are guaranteed to be
3396 // deleted on the destruction of the ScopedVMInitArgs object.
3397 class ScopedVMInitArgs : public StackObj {
3398  private:
3399   JavaVMInitArgs _args;
3400 
3401  public:
3402   ScopedVMInitArgs() {
3403     _args.version = JNI_VERSION_1_2;
3404     _args.nOptions = 0;
3405     _args.options = NULL;
3406     _args.ignoreUnrecognized = false;
3407   }
3408 
3409   // Populates the JavaVMInitArgs object represented by this
3410   // ScopedVMInitArgs object with the arguments in options.  The
3411   // allocated memory is deleted by the destructor.  If this method
3412   // returns anything other than JNI_OK, then this object is in a
3413   // partially constructed state, and should be abandoned.
3414   jint set_args(GrowableArray<JavaVMOption>* options) {
3415     JavaVMOption* options_arr = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY_RETURN_NULL(
3416         JavaVMOption, options->length(), mtInternal);
3417     if (options_arr == NULL) {
3418       return JNI_ENOMEM;
3419     }
3420     _args.options = options_arr;
3421 
3422     for (int i = 0; i < options->length(); i++) {
3423       options_arr[i] = options->at(i);
3424       options_arr[i].optionString = os::strdup(options_arr[i].optionString);
3425       if (options_arr[i].optionString == NULL) {
3426         // Rely on the destructor to do cleanup.
3427         _args.nOptions = i;
3428         return JNI_ENOMEM;
3429       }
3430     }
3431 
3432     _args.nOptions = options->length();
3433     _args.ignoreUnrecognized = IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions;
3434     return JNI_OK;
3435   }
3436 
3437   JavaVMInitArgs* get() { return &_args; }
3438 
3439   ~ScopedVMInitArgs() {
3440     if (_args.options == NULL) return;
3441     for (int i = 0; i < _args.nOptions; i++) {
3442       os::free(_args.options[i].optionString);
3443     }
3444     FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(JavaVMOption, _args.options);
3445   }
3446 };
3447 
3448 jint Arguments::parse_java_options_environment_variable(ScopedVMInitArgs* args) {
3449   return parse_options_environment_variable("_JAVA_OPTIONS", args);
3450 }
3451 
3452 jint Arguments::parse_java_tool_options_environment_variable(ScopedVMInitArgs* args) {
3453   return parse_options_environment_variable("JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS", args);
3454 }
3455 
3456 jint Arguments::parse_options_environment_variable(const char* name,
3457                                                    ScopedVMInitArgs* vm_args) {
3458   char *buffer = ::getenv(name);
3459 
3460   // Don't check this environment variable if user has special privileges
3461   // (e.g. unix su command).
3462   if (buffer == NULL || os::have_special_privileges()) {
3463     return JNI_OK;
3464   }
3465 
3466   if ((buffer = os::strdup(buffer)) == NULL) {
3467     return JNI_ENOMEM;
3468   }
3469 
3470   GrowableArray<JavaVMOption> *options = new (ResourceObj::C_HEAP, mtInternal) GrowableArray<JavaVMOption>(2, true);    // Construct option array
3471   jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3472               "Picked up %s: %s\n", name, buffer);
3473   char* rd = buffer;                        // pointer to the input string (rd)
3474   while (true) {                            // repeat for all options in the input string
3475     while (isspace(*rd)) rd++;              // skip whitespace
3476     if (*rd == 0) break;                    // we re done when the input string is read completely
3477 
3478     // The output, option string, overwrites the input string.
3479     // Because of quoting, the pointer to the option string (wrt) may lag the pointer to
3480     // input string (rd).
3481     char* wrt = rd;
3482 
3483     JavaVMOption option;
3484     option.optionString = wrt;
3485     options->append(option);                // Fill in option
3486     while (*rd != 0 && !isspace(*rd)) {     // unquoted strings terminate with a space or NULL
3487       if (*rd == '\'' || *rd == '"') {      // handle a quoted string
3488         int quote = *rd;                    // matching quote to look for
3489         rd++;                               // don't copy open quote
3490         while (*rd != quote) {              // include everything (even spaces) up until quote
3491           if (*rd == 0) {                   // string termination means unmatched string
3492             jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3493                         "Unmatched quote in %s\n", name);
3494             delete options;
3495             os::free(buffer);
3496             return JNI_ERR;
3497           }
3498           *wrt++ = *rd++;                   // copy to option string
3499         }
3500         rd++;                               // don't copy close quote
3501       } else {
3502         *wrt++ = *rd++;                     // copy to option string
3503       }
3504     }
3505     if (*rd != 0) {
3506       // In this case, the assignment to wrt below will make *rd nul,
3507       // which will interfere with the next loop iteration.
3508       rd++;
3509     }
3510     *wrt = 0;                               // Zero terminate option
3511   }
3512 
3513   // Fill out JavaVMInitArgs structure.
3514   jint status = vm_args->set_args(options);
3515 
3516   delete options;
3517   os::free(buffer);
3518   return status;
3519 }
3520 
3521 void Arguments::set_shared_spaces_flags() {
3522   if (DumpSharedSpaces) {
3523     if (RequireSharedSpaces) {
3524       warning("cannot dump shared archive while using shared archive");
3525     }
3526     UseSharedSpaces = false;
3527 #ifdef _LP64
3528     if (!UseCompressedOops || !UseCompressedClassPointers) {
3529       vm_exit_during_initialization(
3530         "Cannot dump shared archive when UseCompressedOops or UseCompressedClassPointers is off.", NULL);
3531     }
3532   } else {
3533     if (!UseCompressedOops || !UseCompressedClassPointers) {
3534       no_shared_spaces("UseCompressedOops and UseCompressedClassPointers must be on for UseSharedSpaces.");
3535     }
3536 #endif
3537   }
3538 }
3539 
3540 #if !INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
3541 static void force_serial_gc() {
3542   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseSerialGC, true);
3543   UNSUPPORTED_GC_OPTION(UseG1GC);
3544   UNSUPPORTED_GC_OPTION(UseParallelGC);
3545   UNSUPPORTED_GC_OPTION(UseParallelOldGC);
3546   UNSUPPORTED_GC_OPTION(UseConcMarkSweepGC);
3547   UNSUPPORTED_GC_OPTION(UseParNewGC);
3548 }
3549 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
3550 
3551 // Sharing support
3552 // Construct the path to the archive
3553 static char* get_shared_archive_path() {
3554   char *shared_archive_path;
3555   if (SharedArchiveFile == NULL) {
3556     char jvm_path[JVM_MAXPATHLEN];
3557     os::jvm_path(jvm_path, sizeof(jvm_path));
3558     char *end = strrchr(jvm_path, *os::file_separator());
3559     if (end != NULL) *end = '\0';
3560     size_t jvm_path_len = strlen(jvm_path);
3561     size_t file_sep_len = strlen(os::file_separator());
3562     const size_t len = jvm_path_len + file_sep_len + 20;
3563     shared_archive_path = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len, mtInternal);
3564     if (shared_archive_path != NULL) {
3565       jio_snprintf(shared_archive_path, len, "%s%sclasses.jsa",
3566         jvm_path, os::file_separator());
3567     }
3568   } else {
3569     shared_archive_path = os::strdup_check_oom(SharedArchiveFile, mtInternal);
3570   }
3571   return shared_archive_path;
3572 }
3573 
3574 #ifndef PRODUCT
3575 // Determine whether LogVMOutput should be implicitly turned on.
3576 static bool use_vm_log() {
3577   if (LogCompilation || !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(LogFile) ||
3578       PrintCompilation || PrintInlining || PrintDependencies || PrintNativeNMethods ||
3579       PrintDebugInfo || PrintRelocations || PrintNMethods || PrintExceptionHandlers ||
3580       PrintAssembly || TraceDeoptimization || TraceDependencies ||
3581       (VerifyDependencies && FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(VerifyDependencies))) {
3582     return true;
3583   }
3584 
3585 #ifdef COMPILER1
3586   if (PrintC1Statistics) {
3587     return true;
3588   }
3589 #endif // COMPILER1
3590 
3591 #ifdef COMPILER2
3592   if (PrintOptoAssembly || PrintOptoStatistics) {
3593     return true;
3594   }
3595 #endif // COMPILER2
3596 
3597   return false;
3598 }
3599 #endif // PRODUCT
3600 
3601 static jint match_special_option_and_act(const JavaVMInitArgs* args,
3602                                         char** flags_file) {
3603   // Remaining part of option string
3604   const char* tail;
3605 
3606   for (int index = 0; index < args->nOptions; index++) {
3607     const JavaVMOption* option = args->options + index;
3608     if (ArgumentsExt::process_options(option)) {
3609       continue;
3610     }
3611     if (match_option(option, "-XX:Flags=", &tail)) {
3612       *flags_file = (char *) tail;
3613       continue;
3614     }
3615     if (match_option(option, "-XX:+PrintVMOptions")) {
3616       PrintVMOptions = true;
3617       continue;
3618     }
3619     if (match_option(option, "-XX:-PrintVMOptions")) {
3620       PrintVMOptions = false;
3621       continue;
3622     }
3623     if (match_option(option, "-XX:+IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions")) {
3624       IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions = true;
3625       continue;
3626     }
3627     if (match_option(option, "-XX:-IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions")) {
3628       IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions = false;
3629       continue;
3630     }
3631     if (match_option(option, "-XX:+PrintFlagsInitial")) {
3632       CommandLineFlags::printFlags(tty, false);
3633       vm_exit(0);
3634     }
3635     if (match_option(option, "-XX:NativeMemoryTracking", &tail)) {
3636 #if INCLUDE_NMT
3637       // The launcher did not setup nmt environment variable properly.
3638       if (!MemTracker::check_launcher_nmt_support(tail)) {
3639         warning("Native Memory Tracking did not setup properly, using wrong launcher?");
3640       }
3641 
3642       // Verify if nmt option is valid.
3643       if (MemTracker::verify_nmt_option()) {
3644         // Late initialization, still in single-threaded mode.
3645         if (MemTracker::tracking_level() >= NMT_summary) {
3646           MemTracker::init();
3647         }
3648       } else {
3649         vm_exit_during_initialization("Syntax error, expecting -XX:NativeMemoryTracking=[off|summary|detail]", NULL);
3650       }
3651       continue;
3652 #else
3653       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3654         "Native Memory Tracking is not supported in this VM\n");
3655       return JNI_ERR;
3656 #endif
3657     }
3658 
3659 #ifndef PRODUCT
3660     if (match_option(option, "-XX:+PrintFlagsWithComments")) {
3661       CommandLineFlags::printFlags(tty, true);
3662       vm_exit(0);
3663     }
3664 #endif
3665   }
3666   return JNI_OK;
3667 }
3668 
3669 static void print_options(const JavaVMInitArgs *args) {
3670   const char* tail;
3671   for (int index = 0; index < args->nOptions; index++) {
3672     const JavaVMOption *option = args->options + index;
3673     if (match_option(option, "-XX:", &tail)) {
3674       logOption(tail);
3675     }
3676   }
3677 }
3678 
3679 // Parse entry point called from JNI_CreateJavaVM
3680 
3681 jint Arguments::parse(const JavaVMInitArgs* args) {
3682 
3683   // Initialize ranges and constraints
3684   CommandLineFlagRangeList::init();
3685   CommandLineFlagConstraintList::init();
3686 
3687   // If flag "-XX:Flags=flags-file" is used it will be the first option to be processed.
3688   const char* hotspotrc = ".hotspotrc";
3689   char* flags_file = NULL;
3690   bool settings_file_specified = false;
3691   bool needs_hotspotrc_warning = false;
3692   ScopedVMInitArgs java_tool_options_args;
3693   ScopedVMInitArgs java_options_args;
3694 
3695   jint code =
3696       parse_java_tool_options_environment_variable(&java_tool_options_args);
3697   if (code != JNI_OK) {
3698     return code;
3699   }
3700 
3701   code = parse_java_options_environment_variable(&java_options_args);
3702   if (code != JNI_OK) {
3703     return code;
3704   }
3705 
3706   code =
3707       match_special_option_and_act(java_tool_options_args.get(), &flags_file);
3708   if (code != JNI_OK) {
3709     return code;
3710   }
3711 
3712   code = match_special_option_and_act(args, &flags_file);
3713   if (code != JNI_OK) {
3714     return code;
3715   }
3716 
3717   code = match_special_option_and_act(java_options_args.get(), &flags_file);
3718   if (code != JNI_OK) {
3719     return code;
3720   }
3721 
3722   settings_file_specified = (flags_file != NULL);
3723 
3724   if (IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions) {
3725     // uncast const to modify the flag args->ignoreUnrecognized
3726     *(jboolean*)(&args->ignoreUnrecognized) = true;
3727     java_tool_options_args.get()->ignoreUnrecognized = true;
3728     java_options_args.get()->ignoreUnrecognized = true;
3729   }
3730 
3731   // Parse specified settings file
3732   if (settings_file_specified) {
3733     if (!process_settings_file(flags_file, true, args->ignoreUnrecognized)) {
3734       return JNI_EINVAL;
3735     }
3736   } else {
3737 #ifdef ASSERT
3738     // Parse default .hotspotrc settings file
3739     if (!process_settings_file(".hotspotrc", false, args->ignoreUnrecognized)) {
3740       return JNI_EINVAL;
3741     }
3742 #else
3743     struct stat buf;
3744     if (os::stat(hotspotrc, &buf) == 0) {
3745       needs_hotspotrc_warning = true;
3746     }
3747 #endif
3748   }
3749 
3750   if (PrintVMOptions) {
3751     print_options(java_tool_options_args.get());
3752     print_options(args);
3753     print_options(java_options_args.get());
3754   }
3755 
3756   // Parse JavaVMInitArgs structure passed in, as well as JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS and _JAVA_OPTIONS
3757   jint result = parse_vm_init_args(java_tool_options_args.get(),
3758                                    java_options_args.get(), args);
3759 
3760   if (result != JNI_OK) {
3761     return result;
3762   }
3763 
3764   // Call get_shared_archive_path() here, after possible SharedArchiveFile option got parsed.
3765   SharedArchivePath = get_shared_archive_path();
3766   if (SharedArchivePath == NULL) {
3767     return JNI_ENOMEM;
3768   }
3769 
3770   // Set up VerifySharedSpaces
3771   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(VerifySharedSpaces) && SharedArchiveFile != NULL) {
3772     VerifySharedSpaces = true;
3773   }
3774 
3775   // Delay warning until here so that we've had a chance to process
3776   // the -XX:-PrintWarnings flag
3777   if (needs_hotspotrc_warning) {
3778     warning("%s file is present but has been ignored.  "
3779             "Run with -XX:Flags=%s to load the file.",
3780             hotspotrc, hotspotrc);
3781   }
3782 
3783 #if defined(_ALLBSD_SOURCE) || defined(AIX)  // UseLargePages is not yet supported on BSD and AIX.
3784   UNSUPPORTED_OPTION(UseLargePages, "-XX:+UseLargePages");
3785 #endif
3786 
3787   ArgumentsExt::report_unsupported_options();
3788 
3789 #ifndef PRODUCT
3790   if (TraceBytecodesAt != 0) {
3791     TraceBytecodes = true;
3792   }
3793   if (CountCompiledCalls) {
3794     if (UseCounterDecay) {
3795       warning("UseCounterDecay disabled because CountCalls is set");
3796       UseCounterDecay = false;
3797     }
3798   }
3799 #endif // PRODUCT
3800 
3801   if (ScavengeRootsInCode == 0) {
3802     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ScavengeRootsInCode)) {
3803       warning("forcing ScavengeRootsInCode non-zero");
3804     }
3805     ScavengeRootsInCode = 1;
3806   }
3807 
3808   if (PrintGCDetails) {
3809     // Turn on -verbose:gc options as well
3810     PrintGC = true;
3811   }
3812 
3813   // Set object alignment values.
3814   set_object_alignment();
3815 
3816 #if !INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
3817   force_serial_gc();
3818 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
3819 #if !INCLUDE_CDS
3820   if (DumpSharedSpaces || RequireSharedSpaces) {
3821     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3822       "Shared spaces are not supported in this VM\n");
3823     return JNI_ERR;
3824   }
3825   if ((UseSharedSpaces && FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(UseSharedSpaces)) || PrintSharedSpaces) {
3826     warning("Shared spaces are not supported in this VM");
3827     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseSharedSpaces, false);
3828     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(PrintSharedSpaces, false);
3829   }
3830   no_shared_spaces("CDS Disabled");
3831 #endif // INCLUDE_CDS
3832 
3833   return JNI_OK;
3834 }
3835 
3836 jint Arguments::apply_ergo() {
3837 
3838   // Set flags based on ergonomics.
3839   set_ergonomics_flags();
3840 
3841   set_shared_spaces_flags();
3842 
3843   // Check the GC selections again.
3844   if (!check_gc_consistency()) {
3845     return JNI_EINVAL;
3846   }
3847 
3848   if (TieredCompilation) {
3849     set_tiered_flags();
3850   } else {
3851     int max_compilation_policy_choice = 1;
3852 #ifdef COMPILER2
3853     max_compilation_policy_choice = 2;
3854 #endif
3855     // Check if the policy is valid.
3856     if (CompilationPolicyChoice >= max_compilation_policy_choice) {
3857       vm_exit_during_initialization(
3858         "Incompatible compilation policy selected", NULL);
3859     }
3860     // Scale CompileThreshold
3861     // CompileThresholdScaling == 0.0 is equivalent to -Xint and leaves CompileThreshold unchanged.
3862     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(CompileThresholdScaling) && CompileThresholdScaling > 0.0) {
3863       FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, CompileThreshold, scaled_compile_threshold(CompileThreshold));
3864     }
3865   }
3866 
3867 #ifdef COMPILER2
3868 #ifndef PRODUCT
3869   if (PrintIdealGraphLevel > 0) {
3870     FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, PrintIdealGraph, true);
3871   }
3872 #endif
3873 #endif
3874 
3875   // Set heap size based on available physical memory
3876   set_heap_size();
3877 
3878   ArgumentsExt::set_gc_specific_flags();
3879 
3880   // Initialize Metaspace flags and alignments
3881   Metaspace::ergo_initialize();
3882 
3883   // Set bytecode rewriting flags
3884   set_bytecode_flags();
3885 
3886   // Set flags if Aggressive optimization flags (-XX:+AggressiveOpts) enabled
3887   jint code = set_aggressive_opts_flags();
3888   if (code != JNI_OK) {
3889     return code;
3890   }
3891 
3892   // Turn off biased locking for locking debug mode flags,
3893   // which are subtly different from each other but neither works with
3894   // biased locking
3895   if (UseHeavyMonitors
3896 #ifdef COMPILER1
3897       || !UseFastLocking
3898 #endif // COMPILER1
3899     ) {
3900     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseBiasedLocking) && UseBiasedLocking) {
3901       // flag set to true on command line; warn the user that they
3902       // can't enable biased locking here
3903       warning("Biased Locking is not supported with locking debug flags"
3904               "; ignoring UseBiasedLocking flag." );
3905     }
3906     UseBiasedLocking = false;
3907   }
3908 
3909 #ifdef ZERO
3910   // Clear flags not supported on zero.
3911   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ProfileInterpreter, false);
3912   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseBiasedLocking, false);
3913   LP64_ONLY(FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedOops, false));
3914   LP64_ONLY(FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedClassPointers, false));
3915 #endif // CC_INTERP
3916 
3917 #ifdef COMPILER2
3918   if (!EliminateLocks) {
3919     EliminateNestedLocks = false;
3920   }
3921   if (!Inline) {
3922     IncrementalInline = false;
3923   }
3924 #ifndef PRODUCT
3925   if (!IncrementalInline) {
3926     AlwaysIncrementalInline = false;
3927   }
3928 #endif
3929   if (!UseTypeSpeculation && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(TypeProfileLevel)) {
3930     // nothing to use the profiling, turn if off
3931     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(TypeProfileLevel, 0);
3932   }
3933 #endif
3934 
3935   if (PrintAssembly && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(DebugNonSafepoints)) {
3936     warning("PrintAssembly is enabled; turning on DebugNonSafepoints to gain additional output");
3937     DebugNonSafepoints = true;
3938   }
3939 
3940   if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(CompressedClassSpaceSize) && !UseCompressedClassPointers) {
3941     warning("Setting CompressedClassSpaceSize has no effect when compressed class pointers are not used");
3942   }
3943 
3944 #ifndef PRODUCT
3945   if (!LogVMOutput && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(LogVMOutput)) {
3946     if (use_vm_log()) {
3947       LogVMOutput = true;
3948     }
3949   }
3950 #endif // PRODUCT
3951 
3952   if (PrintCommandLineFlags) {
3953     CommandLineFlags::printSetFlags(tty);
3954   }
3955 
3956   // Apply CPU specific policy for the BiasedLocking
3957   if (UseBiasedLocking) {
3958     if (!VM_Version::use_biased_locking() &&
3959         !(FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(UseBiasedLocking))) {
3960       UseBiasedLocking = false;
3961     }
3962   }
3963 #ifdef COMPILER2
3964   if (!UseBiasedLocking || EmitSync != 0) {
3965     UseOptoBiasInlining = false;
3966   }
3967 #endif
3968 
3969   return JNI_OK;
3970 }
3971 
3972 jint Arguments::adjust_after_os() {
3973   if (UseNUMA) {
3974     if (UseParallelGC || UseParallelOldGC) {
3975       if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MinHeapDeltaBytes)) {
3976          FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MinHeapDeltaBytes, 64*M);
3977       }
3978     }
3979     // UseNUMAInterleaving is set to ON for all collectors and
3980     // platforms when UseNUMA is set to ON. NUMA-aware collectors
3981     // such as the parallel collector for Linux and Solaris will
3982     // interleave old gen and survivor spaces on top of NUMA
3983     // allocation policy for the eden space.
3984     // Non NUMA-aware collectors such as CMS, G1 and Serial-GC on
3985     // all platforms and ParallelGC on Windows will interleave all
3986     // of the heap spaces across NUMA nodes.
3987     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseNUMAInterleaving)) {
3988       FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, UseNUMAInterleaving, true);
3989     }
3990   }
3991   return JNI_OK;
3992 }
3993 
3994 int Arguments::PropertyList_count(SystemProperty* pl) {
3995   int count = 0;
3996   while(pl != NULL) {
3997     count++;
3998     pl = pl->next();
3999   }
4000   return count;
4001 }
4002 
4003 const char* Arguments::PropertyList_get_value(SystemProperty *pl, const char* key) {
4004   assert(key != NULL, "just checking");
4005   SystemProperty* prop;
4006   for (prop = pl; prop != NULL; prop = prop->next()) {
4007     if (strcmp(key, prop->key()) == 0) return prop->value();
4008   }
4009   return NULL;
4010 }
4011 
4012 const char* Arguments::PropertyList_get_key_at(SystemProperty *pl, int index) {
4013   int count = 0;
4014   const char* ret_val = NULL;
4015 
4016   while(pl != NULL) {
4017     if(count >= index) {
4018       ret_val = pl->key();
4019       break;
4020     }
4021     count++;
4022     pl = pl->next();
4023   }
4024 
4025   return ret_val;
4026 }
4027 
4028 char* Arguments::PropertyList_get_value_at(SystemProperty* pl, int index) {
4029   int count = 0;
4030   char* ret_val = NULL;
4031 
4032   while(pl != NULL) {
4033     if(count >= index) {
4034       ret_val = pl->value();
4035       break;
4036     }
4037     count++;
4038     pl = pl->next();
4039   }
4040 
4041   return ret_val;
4042 }
4043 
4044 void Arguments::PropertyList_add(SystemProperty** plist, SystemProperty *new_p) {
4045   SystemProperty* p = *plist;
4046   if (p == NULL) {
4047     *plist = new_p;
4048   } else {
4049     while (p->next() != NULL) {
4050       p = p->next();
4051     }
4052     p->set_next(new_p);
4053   }
4054 }
4055 
4056 void Arguments::PropertyList_add(SystemProperty** plist, const char* k, const char* v) {
4057   if (plist == NULL)
4058     return;
4059 
4060   SystemProperty* new_p = new SystemProperty(k, v, true);
4061   PropertyList_add(plist, new_p);
4062 }
4063 
4064 void Arguments::PropertyList_add(SystemProperty *element) {
4065   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, element);
4066 }
4067 
4068 // This add maintains unique property key in the list.
4069 void Arguments::PropertyList_unique_add(SystemProperty** plist, const char* k, const char* v, jboolean append) {
4070   if (plist == NULL)
4071     return;
4072 
4073   // If property key exist then update with new value.
4074   SystemProperty* prop;
4075   for (prop = *plist; prop != NULL; prop = prop->next()) {
4076     if (strcmp(k, prop->key()) == 0) {
4077       if (append) {
4078         prop->append_value(v);
4079       } else {
4080         prop->set_value(v);
4081       }
4082       return;
4083     }
4084   }
4085 
4086   PropertyList_add(plist, k, v);
4087 }
4088 
4089 // Copies src into buf, replacing "%%" with "%" and "%p" with pid
4090 // Returns true if all of the source pointed by src has been copied over to
4091 // the destination buffer pointed by buf. Otherwise, returns false.
4092 // Notes:
4093 // 1. If the length (buflen) of the destination buffer excluding the
4094 // NULL terminator character is not long enough for holding the expanded
4095 // pid characters, it also returns false instead of returning the partially
4096 // expanded one.
4097 // 2. The passed in "buflen" should be large enough to hold the null terminator.
4098 bool Arguments::copy_expand_pid(const char* src, size_t srclen,
4099                                 char* buf, size_t buflen) {
4100   const char* p = src;
4101   char* b = buf;
4102   const char* src_end = &src[srclen];
4103   char* buf_end = &buf[buflen - 1];
4104 
4105   while (p < src_end && b < buf_end) {
4106     if (*p == '%') {
4107       switch (*(++p)) {
4108       case '%':         // "%%" ==> "%"
4109         *b++ = *p++;
4110         break;
4111       case 'p':  {       //  "%p" ==> current process id
4112         // buf_end points to the character before the last character so
4113         // that we could write '\0' to the end of the buffer.
4114         size_t buf_sz = buf_end - b + 1;
4115         int ret = jio_snprintf(b, buf_sz, "%d", os::current_process_id());
4116 
4117         // if jio_snprintf fails or the buffer is not long enough to hold
4118         // the expanded pid, returns false.
4119         if (ret < 0 || ret >= (int)buf_sz) {
4120           return false;
4121         } else {
4122           b += ret;
4123           assert(*b == '\0', "fail in copy_expand_pid");
4124           if (p == src_end && b == buf_end + 1) {
4125             // reach the end of the buffer.
4126             return true;
4127           }
4128         }
4129         p++;
4130         break;
4131       }
4132       default :
4133         *b++ = '%';
4134       }
4135     } else {
4136       *b++ = *p++;
4137     }
4138   }
4139   *b = '\0';
4140   return (p == src_end); // return false if not all of the source was copied
4141 }