1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
  10  *
  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  20  *
  21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  23  * questions.
  24  */
  25 
  26 package java.awt.font;
  27 
  28 import java.io.IOException;
  29 import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
  30 import java.util.Arrays;
  31 import java.util.Comparator;
  32 import java.util.EnumSet;
  33 import java.util.Set;
  34 import jdk.internal.misc.SharedSecrets;
  35 
  36 /**
  37  * The {@code NumericShaper} class is used to convert Latin-1 (European)
  38  * digits to other Unicode decimal digits.  Users of this class will
  39  * primarily be people who wish to present data using
  40  * national digit shapes, but find it more convenient to represent the
  41  * data internally using Latin-1 (European) digits.  This does not
  42  * interpret the deprecated numeric shape selector character (U+206E).
  43  * <p>
  44  * Instances of {@code NumericShaper} are typically applied
  45  * as attributes to text with the
  46  * {@link TextAttribute#NUMERIC_SHAPING NUMERIC_SHAPING} attribute
  47  * of the {@code TextAttribute} class.
  48  * For example, this code snippet causes a {@code TextLayout} to
  49  * shape European digits to Arabic in an Arabic context:<br>
  50  * <blockquote><pre>
  51  * Map map = new HashMap();
  52  * map.put(TextAttribute.NUMERIC_SHAPING,
  53  *     NumericShaper.getContextualShaper(NumericShaper.ARABIC));
  54  * FontRenderContext frc = ...;
  55  * TextLayout layout = new TextLayout(text, map, frc);
  56  * layout.draw(g2d, x, y);
  57  * </pre></blockquote>
  58  * <br>
  59  * It is also possible to perform numeric shaping explicitly using instances
  60  * of {@code NumericShaper}, as this code snippet demonstrates:<br>
  61  * <blockquote><pre>
  62  * char[] text = ...;
  63  * // shape all EUROPEAN digits (except zero) to ARABIC digits
  64  * NumericShaper shaper = NumericShaper.getShaper(NumericShaper.ARABIC);
  65  * shaper.shape(text, start, count);
  66  *
  67  * // shape European digits to ARABIC digits if preceding text is Arabic, or
  68  * // shape European digits to TAMIL digits if preceding text is Tamil, or
  69  * // leave European digits alone if there is no preceding text, or
  70  * // preceding text is neither Arabic nor Tamil
  71  * NumericShaper shaper =
  72  *     NumericShaper.getContextualShaper(NumericShaper.ARABIC |
  73  *                                         NumericShaper.TAMIL,
  74  *                                       NumericShaper.EUROPEAN);
  75  * shaper.shape(text, start, count);
  76  * </pre></blockquote>
  77  *
  78  * <p><b>Bit mask- and enum-based Unicode ranges</b></p>
  79  *
  80  * <p>This class supports two different programming interfaces to
  81  * represent Unicode ranges for script-specific digits: bit
  82  * mask-based ones, such as {@link #ARABIC NumericShaper.ARABIC}, and
  83  * enum-based ones, such as {@link NumericShaper.Range#ARABIC}.
  84  * Multiple ranges can be specified by ORing bit mask-based constants,
  85  * such as:
  86  * <blockquote><pre>
  87  * NumericShaper.ARABIC | NumericShaper.TAMIL
  88  * </pre></blockquote>
  89  * or creating a {@code Set} with the {@link NumericShaper.Range}
  90  * constants, such as:
  91  * <blockquote><pre>
  92  * EnumSet.of(NumericShaper.Range.ARABIC, NumericShaper.Range.TAMIL)
  93  * </pre></blockquote>
  94  * The enum-based ranges are a super set of the bit mask-based ones.
  95  *
  96  * <p>If the two interfaces are mixed (including serialization),
  97  * Unicode range values are mapped to their counterparts where such
  98  * mapping is possible, such as {@code NumericShaper.Range.ARABIC}
  99  * from/to {@code NumericShaper.ARABIC}.  If any unmappable range
 100  * values are specified, such as {@code NumericShaper.Range.BALINESE},
 101  * those ranges are ignored.
 102  *
 103  * <p><b>Decimal Digits Precedence</b></p>
 104  *
 105  * <p>A Unicode range may have more than one set of decimal digits. If
 106  * multiple decimal digits sets are specified for the same Unicode
 107  * range, one of the sets will take precedence as follows.
 108  *
 109  * <table class="plain">
 110  * <caption>NumericShaper constants precedence</caption>
 111  * <thead>
 112  *   <tr>
 113  *     <th scope="col">Unicode Range
 114  *     <th scope="col">{@code NumericShaper} Constants
 115  *     <th scope="col">Precedence
 116  * </thead>
 117  * <tbody>
 118  *   <tr>
 119  *     <th scope="row" rowspan="2">Arabic
 120  *     <td>{@link NumericShaper#ARABIC NumericShaper.ARABIC}
 121  *     <br>
 122  *     {@link NumericShaper#EASTERN_ARABIC NumericShaper.EASTERN_ARABIC}
 123  *     <td>{@link NumericShaper#EASTERN_ARABIC NumericShaper.EASTERN_ARABIC}
 124  *   </tr>
 125  *   <tr>
 126  *     <th scope="row">{@link NumericShaper.Range#ARABIC}
 127  *     <br>
 128  *     {@link NumericShaper.Range#EASTERN_ARABIC}
 129  *     <td>{@link NumericShaper.Range#EASTERN_ARABIC}
 130  *   <tr>
 131  *     <th scope="row">Tai Tham
 132  *     <td>{@link NumericShaper.Range#TAI_THAM_HORA}
 133  *     <br>
 134  *     {@link NumericShaper.Range#TAI_THAM_THAM}
 135  *     <td>{@link NumericShaper.Range#TAI_THAM_THAM}
 136  * </tbody>
 137  * </table>
 138  *
 139  * @since 1.4
 140  */
 141 public final class NumericShaper implements java.io.Serializable {
 142 
 143     // For access from java.text.Bidi
 144     static {
 145         if (SharedSecrets.getJavaAWTFontAccess() == null) {
 146             SharedSecrets.setJavaAWTFontAccess(new JavaAWTFontAccessImpl());
 147         }
 148     }
 149 
 150     /**
 151      * A {@code NumericShaper.Range} represents a Unicode range of a
 152      * script having its own decimal digits. For example, the {@link
 153      * NumericShaper.Range#THAI} range has the Thai digits, THAI DIGIT
 154      * ZERO (U+0E50) to THAI DIGIT NINE (U+0E59).
 155      *
 156      * <p>The {@code Range} enum replaces the traditional bit
 157      * mask-based values (e.g., {@link NumericShaper#ARABIC}), and
 158      * supports more Unicode ranges than the bit mask-based ones. For
 159      * example, the following code using the bit mask:
 160      * <blockquote><pre>
 161      * NumericShaper.getContextualShaper(NumericShaper.ARABIC |
 162      *                                     NumericShaper.TAMIL,
 163      *                                   NumericShaper.EUROPEAN);
 164      * </pre></blockquote>
 165      * can be written using this enum as:
 166      * <blockquote><pre>
 167      * NumericShaper.getContextualShaper(EnumSet.of(
 168      *                                     NumericShaper.Range.ARABIC,
 169      *                                     NumericShaper.Range.TAMIL),
 170      *                                   NumericShaper.Range.EUROPEAN);
 171      * </pre></blockquote>
 172      *
 173      * @since 1.7
 174      */
 175     public static enum Range {
 176         // The order of EUROPEAN to MOGOLIAN must be consistent
 177         // with the bitmask-based constants.
 178         /**
 179          * The Latin (European) range with the Latin (ASCII) digits.
 180          */
 181         EUROPEAN        ('\u0030', '\u0000', '\u0300'),
 182         /**
 183          * The Arabic range with the Arabic-Indic digits.
 184          */
 185         ARABIC          ('\u0660', '\u0600', '\u0780'),
 186         /**
 187          * The Arabic range with the Eastern Arabic-Indic digits.
 188          */
 189         EASTERN_ARABIC  ('\u06f0', '\u0600', '\u0780'),
 190         /**
 191          * The Devanagari range with the Devanagari digits.
 192          */
 193         DEVANAGARI      ('\u0966', '\u0900', '\u0980'),
 194         /**
 195          * The Bengali range with the Bengali digits.
 196          */
 197         BENGALI         ('\u09e6', '\u0980', '\u0a00'),
 198         /**
 199          * The Gurmukhi range with the Gurmukhi digits.
 200          */
 201         GURMUKHI        ('\u0a66', '\u0a00', '\u0a80'),
 202         /**
 203          * The Gujarati range with the Gujarati digits.
 204          */
 205         GUJARATI        ('\u0ae6', '\u0b00', '\u0b80'),
 206         /**
 207          * The Oriya range with the Oriya digits.
 208          */
 209         ORIYA           ('\u0b66', '\u0b00', '\u0b80'),
 210         /**
 211          * The Tamil range with the Tamil digits.
 212          */
 213         TAMIL           ('\u0be6', '\u0b80', '\u0c00'),
 214         /**
 215          * The Telugu range with the Telugu digits.
 216          */
 217         TELUGU          ('\u0c66', '\u0c00', '\u0c80'),
 218         /**
 219          * The Kannada range with the Kannada digits.
 220          */
 221         KANNADA         ('\u0ce6', '\u0c80', '\u0d00'),
 222         /**
 223          * The Malayalam range with the Malayalam digits.
 224          */
 225         MALAYALAM       ('\u0d66', '\u0d00', '\u0d80'),
 226         /**
 227          * The Thai range with the Thai digits.
 228          */
 229         THAI            ('\u0e50', '\u0e00', '\u0e80'),
 230         /**
 231          * The Lao range with the Lao digits.
 232          */
 233         LAO             ('\u0ed0', '\u0e80', '\u0f00'),
 234         /**
 235          * The Tibetan range with the Tibetan digits.
 236          */
 237         TIBETAN         ('\u0f20', '\u0f00', '\u1000'),
 238         /**
 239          * The Myanmar range with the Myanmar digits.
 240          */
 241         MYANMAR         ('\u1040', '\u1000', '\u1080'),
 242         /**
 243          * The Ethiopic range with the Ethiopic digits. Ethiopic
 244          * does not have a decimal digit 0 so Latin (European) 0 is
 245          * used.
 246          */
 247         ETHIOPIC        ('\u1369', '\u1200', '\u1380') {
 248             @Override
 249             char getNumericBase() { return 1; }
 250         },
 251         /**
 252          * The Khmer range with the Khmer digits.
 253          */
 254         KHMER           ('\u17e0', '\u1780', '\u1800'),
 255         /**
 256          * The Mongolian range with the Mongolian digits.
 257          */
 258         MONGOLIAN       ('\u1810', '\u1800', '\u1900'),
 259         // The order of EUROPEAN to MOGOLIAN must be consistent
 260         // with the bitmask-based constants.
 261 
 262         /**
 263          * The N'Ko range with the N'Ko digits.
 264          */
 265         NKO             ('\u07c0', '\u07c0', '\u0800'),
 266         /**
 267          * The Myanmar range with the Myanmar Shan digits.
 268          */
 269         MYANMAR_SHAN    ('\u1090', '\u1000', '\u10a0'),
 270         /**
 271          * The Limbu range with the Limbu digits.
 272          */
 273         LIMBU           ('\u1946', '\u1900', '\u1950'),
 274         /**
 275          * The New Tai Lue range with the New Tai Lue digits.
 276          */
 277         NEW_TAI_LUE     ('\u19d0', '\u1980', '\u19e0'),
 278         /**
 279          * The Balinese range with the Balinese digits.
 280          */
 281         BALINESE        ('\u1b50', '\u1b00', '\u1b80'),
 282         /**
 283          * The Sundanese range with the Sundanese digits.
 284          */
 285         SUNDANESE       ('\u1bb0', '\u1b80', '\u1bc0'),
 286         /**
 287          * The Lepcha range with the Lepcha digits.
 288          */
 289         LEPCHA          ('\u1c40', '\u1c00', '\u1c50'),
 290         /**
 291          * The Ol Chiki range with the Ol Chiki digits.
 292          */
 293         OL_CHIKI        ('\u1c50', '\u1c50', '\u1c80'),
 294         /**
 295          * The Vai range with the Vai digits.
 296          */
 297         VAI             ('\ua620', '\ua500', '\ua640'),
 298         /**
 299          * The Saurashtra range with the Saurashtra digits.
 300          */
 301         SAURASHTRA      ('\ua8d0', '\ua880', '\ua8e0'),
 302         /**
 303          * The Kayah Li range with the Kayah Li digits.
 304          */
 305         KAYAH_LI        ('\ua900', '\ua900', '\ua930'),
 306         /**
 307          * The Cham range with the Cham digits.
 308          */
 309         CHAM            ('\uaa50', '\uaa00', '\uaa60'),
 310         /**
 311          * The Tai Tham Hora range with the Tai Tham Hora digits.
 312          */
 313         TAI_THAM_HORA   ('\u1a80', '\u1a20', '\u1ab0'),
 314         /**
 315          * The Tai Tham Tham range with the Tai Tham Tham digits.
 316          */
 317         TAI_THAM_THAM   ('\u1a90', '\u1a20', '\u1ab0'),
 318         /**
 319          * The Javanese range with the Javanese digits.
 320          */
 321         JAVANESE        ('\ua9d0', '\ua980', '\ua9e0'),
 322         /**
 323          * The Meetei Mayek range with the Meetei Mayek digits.
 324          */
 325         MEETEI_MAYEK    ('\uabf0', '\uabc0', '\uac00'),
 326         /**
 327          * The Sinhala range with the Sinhala digits.
 328          * @since 9
 329          */
 330         SINHALA         ('\u0de6', '\u0d80', '\u0e00'),
 331         /**
 332          * The Myanmar Extended-B range with the Myanmar Tai Laing digits.
 333          * @since 9
 334          */
 335         MYANMAR_TAI_LAING ('\ua9f0', '\ua9e0', '\uaa00');
 336 
 337         private static int toRangeIndex(Range script) {
 338             int index = script.ordinal();
 339             return index < NUM_KEYS ? index : -1;
 340         }
 341 
 342         private static Range indexToRange(int index) {
 343             return index < NUM_KEYS ? Range.values()[index] : null;
 344         }
 345 
 346         private static int toRangeMask(Set<Range> ranges) {
 347             int m = 0;
 348             for (Range range : ranges) {
 349                 int index = range.ordinal();
 350                 if (index < NUM_KEYS) {
 351                     m |= 1 << index;
 352                 }
 353             }
 354             return m;
 355         }
 356 
 357         private static Set<Range> maskToRangeSet(int mask) {
 358             Set<Range> set = EnumSet.noneOf(Range.class);
 359             Range[] a = Range.values();
 360             for (int i = 0; i < NUM_KEYS; i++) {
 361                 if ((mask & (1 << i)) != 0) {
 362                     set.add(a[i]);
 363                 }
 364             }
 365             return set;
 366         }
 367 
 368         // base character of range digits
 369         private final int base;
 370         // Unicode range
 371         private final int start, // inclusive
 372                           end;   // exclusive
 373 
 374         private Range(int base, int start, int end) {
 375             this.base = base - ('0' + getNumericBase());
 376             this.start = start;
 377             this.end = end;
 378         }
 379 
 380         private int getDigitBase() {
 381             return base;
 382         }
 383 
 384         char getNumericBase() {
 385             return 0;
 386         }
 387 
 388         private boolean inRange(int c) {
 389             return start <= c && c < end;
 390         }
 391     }
 392 
 393     /** index of context for contextual shaping - values range from 0 to 18 */
 394     private int key;
 395 
 396     /** flag indicating whether to shape contextually (high bit) and which
 397      *  digit ranges to shape (bits 0-18)
 398      */
 399     private int mask;
 400 
 401     /**
 402      * The context {@code Range} for contextual shaping or the {@code
 403      * Range} for non-contextual shaping. {@code null} for the bit
 404      * mask-based API.
 405      *
 406      * @since 1.7
 407      */
 408     private Range shapingRange;
 409 
 410     /**
 411      * {@code Set<Range>} indicating which Unicode ranges to
 412      * shape. {@code null} for the bit mask-based API.
 413      */
 414     private transient Set<Range> rangeSet;
 415 
 416     /**
 417      * rangeSet.toArray() value. Sorted by Range.base when the number
 418      * of elements is greater than BSEARCH_THRESHOLD.
 419      */
 420     private transient Range[] rangeArray;
 421 
 422     /**
 423      * If more than BSEARCH_THRESHOLD ranges are specified, binary search is used.
 424      */
 425     private static final int BSEARCH_THRESHOLD = 3;
 426 
 427     private static final long serialVersionUID = -8022764705923730308L;
 428 
 429     /** Identifies the Latin-1 (European) and extended range, and
 430      *  Latin-1 (European) decimal base.
 431      */
 432     public static final int EUROPEAN = 1<<0;
 433 
 434     /** Identifies the ARABIC range and decimal base. */
 435     public static final int ARABIC = 1<<1;
 436 
 437     /** Identifies the ARABIC range and ARABIC_EXTENDED decimal base. */
 438     public static final int EASTERN_ARABIC = 1<<2;
 439 
 440     /** Identifies the DEVANAGARI range and decimal base. */
 441     public static final int DEVANAGARI = 1<<3;
 442 
 443     /** Identifies the BENGALI range and decimal base. */
 444     public static final int BENGALI = 1<<4;
 445 
 446     /** Identifies the GURMUKHI range and decimal base. */
 447     public static final int GURMUKHI = 1<<5;
 448 
 449     /** Identifies the GUJARATI range and decimal base. */
 450     public static final int GUJARATI = 1<<6;
 451 
 452     /** Identifies the ORIYA range and decimal base. */
 453     public static final int ORIYA = 1<<7;
 454 
 455     /** Identifies the TAMIL range and decimal base. */
 456     // TAMIL DIGIT ZERO was added in Unicode 4.1
 457     public static final int TAMIL = 1<<8;
 458 
 459     /** Identifies the TELUGU range and decimal base. */
 460     public static final int TELUGU = 1<<9;
 461 
 462     /** Identifies the KANNADA range and decimal base. */
 463     public static final int KANNADA = 1<<10;
 464 
 465     /** Identifies the MALAYALAM range and decimal base. */
 466     public static final int MALAYALAM = 1<<11;
 467 
 468     /** Identifies the THAI range and decimal base. */
 469     public static final int THAI = 1<<12;
 470 
 471     /** Identifies the LAO range and decimal base. */
 472     public static final int LAO = 1<<13;
 473 
 474     /** Identifies the TIBETAN range and decimal base. */
 475     public static final int TIBETAN = 1<<14;
 476 
 477     /** Identifies the MYANMAR range and decimal base. */
 478     public static final int MYANMAR = 1<<15;
 479 
 480     /** Identifies the ETHIOPIC range and decimal base. */
 481     public static final int ETHIOPIC = 1<<16;
 482 
 483     /** Identifies the KHMER range and decimal base. */
 484     public static final int KHMER = 1<<17;
 485 
 486     /** Identifies the MONGOLIAN range and decimal base. */
 487     public static final int MONGOLIAN = 1<<18;
 488 
 489     /** Identifies all ranges, for full contextual shaping.
 490      *
 491      * <p>This constant specifies all of the bit mask-based
 492      * ranges. Use {@code EnumSet.allOf(NumericShaper.Range.class)} to
 493      * specify all of the enum-based ranges.
 494      */
 495     public static final int ALL_RANGES = 0x0007ffff;
 496 
 497     private static final int EUROPEAN_KEY = 0;
 498     private static final int ARABIC_KEY = 1;
 499     private static final int EASTERN_ARABIC_KEY = 2;
 500     private static final int DEVANAGARI_KEY = 3;
 501     private static final int BENGALI_KEY = 4;
 502     private static final int GURMUKHI_KEY = 5;
 503     private static final int GUJARATI_KEY = 6;
 504     private static final int ORIYA_KEY = 7;
 505     private static final int TAMIL_KEY = 8;
 506     private static final int TELUGU_KEY = 9;
 507     private static final int KANNADA_KEY = 10;
 508     private static final int MALAYALAM_KEY = 11;
 509     private static final int THAI_KEY = 12;
 510     private static final int LAO_KEY = 13;
 511     private static final int TIBETAN_KEY = 14;
 512     private static final int MYANMAR_KEY = 15;
 513     private static final int ETHIOPIC_KEY = 16;
 514     private static final int KHMER_KEY = 17;
 515     private static final int MONGOLIAN_KEY = 18;
 516 
 517     private static final int NUM_KEYS = MONGOLIAN_KEY + 1; // fixed
 518 
 519     private static final int CONTEXTUAL_MASK = 1<<31;
 520 
 521     private static final char[] bases = {
 522         '\u0030' - '\u0030', // EUROPEAN
 523         '\u0660' - '\u0030', // ARABIC-INDIC
 524         '\u06f0' - '\u0030', // EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC (EASTERN_ARABIC)
 525         '\u0966' - '\u0030', // DEVANAGARI
 526         '\u09e6' - '\u0030', // BENGALI
 527         '\u0a66' - '\u0030', // GURMUKHI
 528         '\u0ae6' - '\u0030', // GUJARATI
 529         '\u0b66' - '\u0030', // ORIYA
 530         '\u0be6' - '\u0030', // TAMIL - zero was added in Unicode 4.1
 531         '\u0c66' - '\u0030', // TELUGU
 532         '\u0ce6' - '\u0030', // KANNADA
 533         '\u0d66' - '\u0030', // MALAYALAM
 534         '\u0e50' - '\u0030', // THAI
 535         '\u0ed0' - '\u0030', // LAO
 536         '\u0f20' - '\u0030', // TIBETAN
 537         '\u1040' - '\u0030', // MYANMAR
 538         '\u1369' - '\u0031', // ETHIOPIC - no zero
 539         '\u17e0' - '\u0030', // KHMER
 540         '\u1810' - '\u0030', // MONGOLIAN
 541     };
 542 
 543     // some ranges adjoin or overlap, rethink if we want to do a binary search on this
 544 
 545     private static final char[] contexts = {
 546         '\u0000', '\u0300', // 'EUROPEAN' (really latin-1 and extended)
 547         '\u0600', '\u0780', // ARABIC
 548         '\u0600', '\u0780', // EASTERN_ARABIC -- note overlap with arabic
 549         '\u0900', '\u0980', // DEVANAGARI
 550         '\u0980', '\u0a00', // BENGALI
 551         '\u0a00', '\u0a80', // GURMUKHI
 552         '\u0a80', '\u0b00', // GUJARATI
 553         '\u0b00', '\u0b80', // ORIYA
 554         '\u0b80', '\u0c00', // TAMIL
 555         '\u0c00', '\u0c80', // TELUGU
 556         '\u0c80', '\u0d00', // KANNADA
 557         '\u0d00', '\u0d80', // MALAYALAM
 558         '\u0e00', '\u0e80', // THAI
 559         '\u0e80', '\u0f00', // LAO
 560         '\u0f00', '\u1000', // TIBETAN
 561         '\u1000', '\u1080', // MYANMAR
 562         '\u1200', '\u1380', // ETHIOPIC - note missing zero
 563         '\u1780', '\u1800', // KHMER
 564         '\u1800', '\u1900', // MONGOLIAN
 565         '\uffff',
 566     };
 567 
 568     // assume most characters are near each other so probing the cache is infrequent,
 569     // and a linear probe is ok.
 570 
 571     private static int ctCache = 0;
 572     private static int ctCacheLimit = contexts.length - 2;
 573 
 574     // warning, synchronize access to this as it modifies state
 575     private static int getContextKey(char c) {
 576         if (c < contexts[ctCache]) {
 577             while (ctCache > 0 && c < contexts[ctCache]) --ctCache;
 578         } else if (c >= contexts[ctCache + 1]) {
 579             while (ctCache < ctCacheLimit && c >= contexts[ctCache + 1]) ++ctCache;
 580         }
 581 
 582         // if we're not in a known range, then return EUROPEAN as the range key
 583         return (ctCache & 0x1) == 0 ? (ctCache / 2) : EUROPEAN_KEY;
 584     }
 585 
 586     // cache for the NumericShaper.Range version
 587     private transient volatile Range currentRange = Range.EUROPEAN;
 588 
 589     private Range rangeForCodePoint(final int codepoint) {
 590         if (currentRange.inRange(codepoint)) {
 591             return currentRange;
 592         }
 593 
 594         final Range[] ranges = rangeArray;
 595         if (ranges.length > BSEARCH_THRESHOLD) {
 596             int lo = 0;
 597             int hi = ranges.length - 1;
 598             while (lo <= hi) {
 599                 int mid = (lo + hi) / 2;
 600                 Range range = ranges[mid];
 601                 if (codepoint < range.start) {
 602                     hi = mid - 1;
 603                 } else if (codepoint >= range.end) {
 604                     lo = mid + 1;
 605                 } else {
 606                     currentRange = range;
 607                     return range;
 608                 }
 609             }
 610         } else {
 611             for (int i = 0; i < ranges.length; i++) {
 612                 if (ranges[i].inRange(codepoint)) {
 613                     return ranges[i];
 614                 }
 615             }
 616         }
 617         return Range.EUROPEAN;
 618     }
 619 
 620     /*
 621      * A range table of strong directional characters (types L, R, AL).
 622      * Even (left) indexes are starts of ranges of non-strong-directional (or undefined)
 623      * characters, odd (right) indexes are starts of ranges of strong directional
 624      * characters.
 625      */
 626     private static int[] strongTable = {
 627         0x0000, 0x0041,
 628         0x005b, 0x0061,
 629         0x007b, 0x00aa,
 630         0x00ab, 0x00b5,
 631         0x00b6, 0x00ba,
 632         0x00bb, 0x00c0,
 633         0x00d7, 0x00d8,
 634         0x00f7, 0x00f8,
 635         0x02b9, 0x02bb,
 636         0x02c2, 0x02d0,
 637         0x02d2, 0x02e0,
 638         0x02e5, 0x02ee,
 639         0x02ef, 0x0370,
 640         0x0374, 0x0376,
 641         0x0378, 0x037a,
 642         0x037e, 0x037f,
 643         0x0380, 0x0386,
 644         0x0387, 0x0388,
 645         0x038b, 0x038c,
 646         0x038d, 0x038e,
 647         0x03a2, 0x03a3,
 648         0x03f6, 0x03f7,
 649         0x0483, 0x048a,
 650         0x0530, 0x0531,
 651         0x0557, 0x0559,
 652         0x0560, 0x0561,
 653         0x0588, 0x0589,
 654         0x058a, 0x0590,
 655         0x0591, 0x05be,
 656         0x05bf, 0x05c0,
 657         0x05c1, 0x05c3,
 658         0x05c4, 0x05c6,
 659         0x05c7, 0x05c8,
 660         0x0600, 0x0608,
 661         0x0609, 0x060b,
 662         0x060c, 0x060d,
 663         0x060e, 0x061b,
 664         0x064b, 0x066d,
 665         0x0670, 0x0671,
 666         0x06d6, 0x06e5,
 667         0x06e7, 0x06ee,
 668         0x06f0, 0x06fa,
 669         0x0711, 0x0712,
 670         0x0730, 0x074b,
 671         0x07a6, 0x07b1,
 672         0x07eb, 0x07f4,
 673         0x07f6, 0x07fa,
 674         0x0816, 0x081a,
 675         0x081b, 0x0824,
 676         0x0825, 0x0828,
 677         0x0829, 0x082e,
 678         0x0859, 0x085c,
 679         0x08e3, 0x0903,
 680         0x093a, 0x093b,
 681         0x093c, 0x093d,
 682         0x0941, 0x0949,
 683         0x094d, 0x094e,
 684         0x0951, 0x0958,
 685         0x0962, 0x0964,
 686         0x0981, 0x0982,
 687         0x0984, 0x0985,
 688         0x098d, 0x098f,
 689         0x0991, 0x0993,
 690         0x09a9, 0x09aa,
 691         0x09b1, 0x09b2,
 692         0x09b3, 0x09b6,
 693         0x09ba, 0x09bd,
 694         0x09c1, 0x09c7,
 695         0x09c9, 0x09cb,
 696         0x09cd, 0x09ce,
 697         0x09cf, 0x09d7,
 698         0x09d8, 0x09dc,
 699         0x09de, 0x09df,
 700         0x09e2, 0x09e6,
 701         0x09f2, 0x09f4,
 702         0x09fb, 0x0a03,
 703         0x0a04, 0x0a05,
 704         0x0a0b, 0x0a0f,
 705         0x0a11, 0x0a13,
 706         0x0a29, 0x0a2a,
 707         0x0a31, 0x0a32,
 708         0x0a34, 0x0a35,
 709         0x0a37, 0x0a38,
 710         0x0a3a, 0x0a3e,
 711         0x0a41, 0x0a59,
 712         0x0a5d, 0x0a5e,
 713         0x0a5f, 0x0a66,
 714         0x0a70, 0x0a72,
 715         0x0a75, 0x0a83,
 716         0x0a84, 0x0a85,
 717         0x0a8e, 0x0a8f,
 718         0x0a92, 0x0a93,
 719         0x0aa9, 0x0aaa,
 720         0x0ab1, 0x0ab2,
 721         0x0ab4, 0x0ab5,
 722         0x0aba, 0x0abd,
 723         0x0ac1, 0x0ac9,
 724         0x0aca, 0x0acb,
 725         0x0acd, 0x0ad0,
 726         0x0ad1, 0x0ae0,
 727         0x0ae2, 0x0ae6,
 728         0x0af1, 0x0af9,
 729         0x0afa, 0x0b02,
 730         0x0b04, 0x0b05,
 731         0x0b0d, 0x0b0f,
 732         0x0b11, 0x0b13,
 733         0x0b29, 0x0b2a,
 734         0x0b31, 0x0b32,
 735         0x0b34, 0x0b35,
 736         0x0b3a, 0x0b3d,
 737         0x0b3f, 0x0b40,
 738         0x0b41, 0x0b47,
 739         0x0b49, 0x0b4b,
 740         0x0b4d, 0x0b57,
 741         0x0b58, 0x0b5c,
 742         0x0b5e, 0x0b5f,
 743         0x0b62, 0x0b66,
 744         0x0b78, 0x0b83,
 745         0x0b84, 0x0b85,
 746         0x0b8b, 0x0b8e,
 747         0x0b91, 0x0b92,
 748         0x0b96, 0x0b99,
 749         0x0b9b, 0x0b9c,
 750         0x0b9d, 0x0b9e,
 751         0x0ba0, 0x0ba3,
 752         0x0ba5, 0x0ba8,
 753         0x0bab, 0x0bae,
 754         0x0bba, 0x0bbe,
 755         0x0bc0, 0x0bc1,
 756         0x0bc3, 0x0bc6,
 757         0x0bc9, 0x0bca,
 758         0x0bcd, 0x0bd0,
 759         0x0bd1, 0x0bd7,
 760         0x0bd8, 0x0be6,
 761         0x0bf3, 0x0c01,
 762         0x0c04, 0x0c05,
 763         0x0c0d, 0x0c0e,
 764         0x0c11, 0x0c12,
 765         0x0c29, 0x0c2a,
 766         0x0c3a, 0x0c3d,
 767         0x0c3e, 0x0c41,
 768         0x0c45, 0x0c58,
 769         0x0c5b, 0x0c60,
 770         0x0c62, 0x0c66,
 771         0x0c70, 0x0c7f,
 772         0x0c80, 0x0c82,
 773         0x0c84, 0x0c85,
 774         0x0c8d, 0x0c8e,
 775         0x0c91, 0x0c92,
 776         0x0ca9, 0x0caa,
 777         0x0cb4, 0x0cb5,
 778         0x0cba, 0x0cbd,
 779         0x0cc5, 0x0cc6,
 780         0x0cc9, 0x0cca,
 781         0x0ccc, 0x0cd5,
 782         0x0cd7, 0x0cde,
 783         0x0cdf, 0x0ce0,
 784         0x0ce2, 0x0ce6,
 785         0x0cf0, 0x0cf1,
 786         0x0cf3, 0x0d02,
 787         0x0d04, 0x0d05,
 788         0x0d0d, 0x0d0e,
 789         0x0d11, 0x0d12,
 790         0x0d3b, 0x0d3d,
 791         0x0d41, 0x0d46,
 792         0x0d49, 0x0d4a,
 793         0x0d4d, 0x0d4e,
 794         0x0d4f, 0x0d57,
 795         0x0d58, 0x0d5f,
 796         0x0d62, 0x0d66,
 797         0x0d76, 0x0d79,
 798         0x0d80, 0x0d82,
 799         0x0d84, 0x0d85,
 800         0x0d97, 0x0d9a,
 801         0x0db2, 0x0db3,
 802         0x0dbc, 0x0dbd,
 803         0x0dbe, 0x0dc0,
 804         0x0dc7, 0x0dcf,
 805         0x0dd2, 0x0dd8,
 806         0x0de0, 0x0de6,
 807         0x0df0, 0x0df2,
 808         0x0df5, 0x0e01,
 809         0x0e31, 0x0e32,
 810         0x0e34, 0x0e40,
 811         0x0e47, 0x0e4f,
 812         0x0e5c, 0x0e81,
 813         0x0e83, 0x0e84,
 814         0x0e85, 0x0e87,
 815         0x0e89, 0x0e8a,
 816         0x0e8b, 0x0e8d,
 817         0x0e8e, 0x0e94,
 818         0x0e98, 0x0e99,
 819         0x0ea0, 0x0ea1,
 820         0x0ea4, 0x0ea5,
 821         0x0ea6, 0x0ea7,
 822         0x0ea8, 0x0eaa,
 823         0x0eac, 0x0ead,
 824         0x0eb1, 0x0eb2,
 825         0x0eb4, 0x0ebd,
 826         0x0ebe, 0x0ec0,
 827         0x0ec5, 0x0ec6,
 828         0x0ec7, 0x0ed0,
 829         0x0eda, 0x0edc,
 830         0x0ee0, 0x0f00,
 831         0x0f18, 0x0f1a,
 832         0x0f35, 0x0f36,
 833         0x0f37, 0x0f38,
 834         0x0f39, 0x0f3e,
 835         0x0f48, 0x0f49,
 836         0x0f6d, 0x0f7f,
 837         0x0f80, 0x0f85,
 838         0x0f86, 0x0f88,
 839         0x0f8d, 0x0fbe,
 840         0x0fc6, 0x0fc7,
 841         0x0fcd, 0x0fce,
 842         0x0fdb, 0x1000,
 843         0x102d, 0x1031,
 844         0x1032, 0x1038,
 845         0x1039, 0x103b,
 846         0x103d, 0x103f,
 847         0x1058, 0x105a,
 848         0x105e, 0x1061,
 849         0x1071, 0x1075,
 850         0x1082, 0x1083,
 851         0x1085, 0x1087,
 852         0x108d, 0x108e,
 853         0x109d, 0x109e,
 854         0x10c6, 0x10c7,
 855         0x10c8, 0x10cd,
 856         0x10ce, 0x10d0,
 857         0x1249, 0x124a,
 858         0x124e, 0x1250,
 859         0x1257, 0x1258,
 860         0x1259, 0x125a,
 861         0x125e, 0x1260,
 862         0x1289, 0x128a,
 863         0x128e, 0x1290,
 864         0x12b1, 0x12b2,
 865         0x12b6, 0x12b8,
 866         0x12bf, 0x12c0,
 867         0x12c1, 0x12c2,
 868         0x12c6, 0x12c8,
 869         0x12d7, 0x12d8,
 870         0x1311, 0x1312,
 871         0x1316, 0x1318,
 872         0x135b, 0x1360,
 873         0x137d, 0x1380,
 874         0x1390, 0x13a0,
 875         0x13f6, 0x13f8,
 876         0x13fe, 0x1401,
 877         0x1680, 0x1681,
 878         0x169b, 0x16a0,
 879         0x16f9, 0x1700,
 880         0x170d, 0x170e,
 881         0x1712, 0x1720,
 882         0x1732, 0x1735,
 883         0x1737, 0x1740,
 884         0x1752, 0x1760,
 885         0x176d, 0x176e,
 886         0x1771, 0x1780,
 887         0x17b4, 0x17b6,
 888         0x17b7, 0x17be,
 889         0x17c6, 0x17c7,
 890         0x17c9, 0x17d4,
 891         0x17db, 0x17dc,
 892         0x17dd, 0x17e0,
 893         0x17ea, 0x1810,
 894         0x181a, 0x1820,
 895         0x1878, 0x1880,
 896         0x18a9, 0x18aa,
 897         0x18ab, 0x18b0,
 898         0x18f6, 0x1900,
 899         0x191f, 0x1923,
 900         0x1927, 0x1929,
 901         0x192c, 0x1930,
 902         0x1932, 0x1933,
 903         0x1939, 0x1946,
 904         0x196e, 0x1970,
 905         0x1975, 0x1980,
 906         0x19ac, 0x19b0,
 907         0x19ca, 0x19d0,
 908         0x19db, 0x1a00,
 909         0x1a17, 0x1a19,
 910         0x1a1b, 0x1a1e,
 911         0x1a56, 0x1a57,
 912         0x1a58, 0x1a61,
 913         0x1a62, 0x1a63,
 914         0x1a65, 0x1a6d,
 915         0x1a73, 0x1a80,
 916         0x1a8a, 0x1a90,
 917         0x1a9a, 0x1aa0,
 918         0x1aae, 0x1b04,
 919         0x1b34, 0x1b35,
 920         0x1b36, 0x1b3b,
 921         0x1b3c, 0x1b3d,
 922         0x1b42, 0x1b43,
 923         0x1b4c, 0x1b50,
 924         0x1b6b, 0x1b74,
 925         0x1b7d, 0x1b82,
 926         0x1ba2, 0x1ba6,
 927         0x1ba8, 0x1baa,
 928         0x1bab, 0x1bae,
 929         0x1be6, 0x1be7,
 930         0x1be8, 0x1bea,
 931         0x1bed, 0x1bee,
 932         0x1bef, 0x1bf2,
 933         0x1bf4, 0x1bfc,
 934         0x1c2c, 0x1c34,
 935         0x1c36, 0x1c3b,
 936         0x1c4a, 0x1c4d,
 937         0x1c80, 0x1cc0,
 938         0x1cc8, 0x1cd3,
 939         0x1cd4, 0x1ce1,
 940         0x1ce2, 0x1ce9,
 941         0x1ced, 0x1cee,
 942         0x1cf4, 0x1cf5,
 943         0x1cf7, 0x1d00,
 944         0x1dc0, 0x1e00,
 945         0x1f16, 0x1f18,
 946         0x1f1e, 0x1f20,
 947         0x1f46, 0x1f48,
 948         0x1f4e, 0x1f50,
 949         0x1f58, 0x1f59,
 950         0x1f5a, 0x1f5b,
 951         0x1f5c, 0x1f5d,
 952         0x1f5e, 0x1f5f,
 953         0x1f7e, 0x1f80,
 954         0x1fb5, 0x1fb6,
 955         0x1fbd, 0x1fbe,
 956         0x1fbf, 0x1fc2,
 957         0x1fc5, 0x1fc6,
 958         0x1fcd, 0x1fd0,
 959         0x1fd4, 0x1fd6,
 960         0x1fdc, 0x1fe0,
 961         0x1fed, 0x1ff2,
 962         0x1ff5, 0x1ff6,
 963         0x1ffd, 0x200e,
 964         0x2010, 0x2071,
 965         0x2072, 0x207f,
 966         0x2080, 0x2090,
 967         0x209d, 0x2102,
 968         0x2103, 0x2107,
 969         0x2108, 0x210a,
 970         0x2114, 0x2115,
 971         0x2116, 0x2119,
 972         0x211e, 0x2124,
 973         0x2125, 0x2126,
 974         0x2127, 0x2128,
 975         0x2129, 0x212a,
 976         0x212e, 0x212f,
 977         0x213a, 0x213c,
 978         0x2140, 0x2145,
 979         0x214a, 0x214e,
 980         0x2150, 0x2160,
 981         0x2189, 0x2336,
 982         0x237b, 0x2395,
 983         0x2396, 0x249c,
 984         0x24ea, 0x26ac,
 985         0x26ad, 0x2800,
 986         0x2900, 0x2c00,
 987         0x2c2f, 0x2c30,
 988         0x2c5f, 0x2c60,
 989         0x2ce5, 0x2ceb,
 990         0x2cef, 0x2cf2,
 991         0x2cf4, 0x2d00,
 992         0x2d26, 0x2d27,
 993         0x2d28, 0x2d2d,
 994         0x2d2e, 0x2d30,
 995         0x2d68, 0x2d6f,
 996         0x2d71, 0x2d80,
 997         0x2d97, 0x2da0,
 998         0x2da7, 0x2da8,
 999         0x2daf, 0x2db0,
1000         0x2db7, 0x2db8,
1001         0x2dbf, 0x2dc0,
1002         0x2dc7, 0x2dc8,
1003         0x2dcf, 0x2dd0,
1004         0x2dd7, 0x2dd8,
1005         0x2ddf, 0x3005,
1006         0x3008, 0x3021,
1007         0x302a, 0x302e,
1008         0x3030, 0x3031,
1009         0x3036, 0x3038,
1010         0x303d, 0x3041,
1011         0x3097, 0x309d,
1012         0x30a0, 0x30a1,
1013         0x30fb, 0x30fc,
1014         0x3100, 0x3105,
1015         0x312e, 0x3131,
1016         0x318f, 0x3190,
1017         0x31bb, 0x31f0,
1018         0x321d, 0x3220,
1019         0x3250, 0x3260,
1020         0x327c, 0x327f,
1021         0x32b1, 0x32c0,
1022         0x32cc, 0x32d0,
1023         0x32ff, 0x3300,
1024         0x3377, 0x337b,
1025         0x33de, 0x33e0,
1026         0x33ff, 0x3400,
1027         0x4db6, 0x4e00,
1028         0x9fd6, 0xa000,
1029         0xa48d, 0xa4d0,
1030         0xa60d, 0xa610,
1031         0xa62c, 0xa640,
1032         0xa66f, 0xa680,
1033         0xa69e, 0xa6a0,
1034         0xa6f0, 0xa6f2,
1035         0xa6f8, 0xa722,
1036         0xa788, 0xa789,
1037         0xa7ae, 0xa7b0,
1038         0xa7b8, 0xa7f7,
1039         0xa802, 0xa803,
1040         0xa806, 0xa807,
1041         0xa80b, 0xa80c,
1042         0xa825, 0xa827,
1043         0xa828, 0xa830,
1044         0xa838, 0xa840,
1045         0xa874, 0xa880,
1046         0xa8c4, 0xa8ce,
1047         0xa8da, 0xa8f2,
1048         0xa8fe, 0xa900,
1049         0xa926, 0xa92e,
1050         0xa947, 0xa952,
1051         0xa954, 0xa95f,
1052         0xa97d, 0xa983,
1053         0xa9b3, 0xa9b4,
1054         0xa9b6, 0xa9ba,
1055         0xa9bc, 0xa9bd,
1056         0xa9ce, 0xa9cf,
1057         0xa9da, 0xa9de,
1058         0xa9e5, 0xa9e6,
1059         0xa9ff, 0xaa00,
1060         0xaa29, 0xaa2f,
1061         0xaa31, 0xaa33,
1062         0xaa35, 0xaa40,
1063         0xaa43, 0xaa44,
1064         0xaa4c, 0xaa4d,
1065         0xaa4e, 0xaa50,
1066         0xaa5a, 0xaa5c,
1067         0xaa7c, 0xaa7d,
1068         0xaab0, 0xaab1,
1069         0xaab2, 0xaab5,
1070         0xaab7, 0xaab9,
1071         0xaabe, 0xaac0,
1072         0xaac1, 0xaac2,
1073         0xaac3, 0xaadb,
1074         0xaaec, 0xaaee,
1075         0xaaf6, 0xab01,
1076         0xab07, 0xab09,
1077         0xab0f, 0xab11,
1078         0xab17, 0xab20,
1079         0xab27, 0xab28,
1080         0xab2f, 0xab30,
1081         0xab66, 0xab70,
1082         0xabe5, 0xabe6,
1083         0xabe8, 0xabe9,
1084         0xabed, 0xabf0,
1085         0xabfa, 0xac00,
1086         0xd7a4, 0xd7b0,
1087         0xd7c7, 0xd7cb,
1088         0xd7fc, 0xe000,
1089         0xfa6e, 0xfa70,
1090         0xfada, 0xfb00,
1091         0xfb07, 0xfb13,
1092         0xfb18, 0xfb1d,
1093         0xfb1e, 0xfb1f,
1094         0xfb29, 0xfb2a,
1095         0xfd3e, 0xfd40,
1096         0xfdd0, 0xfdf0,
1097         0xfdfd, 0xfdfe,
1098         0xfe00, 0xfe70,
1099         0xfeff, 0xff21,
1100         0xff3b, 0xff41,
1101         0xff5b, 0xff66,
1102         0xffbf, 0xffc2,
1103         0xffc8, 0xffca,
1104         0xffd0, 0xffd2,
1105         0xffd8, 0xffda,
1106         0xffdd, 0x10000,
1107         0x1000c, 0x1000d,
1108         0x10027, 0x10028,
1109         0x1003b, 0x1003c,
1110         0x1003e, 0x1003f,
1111         0x1004e, 0x10050,
1112         0x1005e, 0x10080,
1113         0x100fb, 0x10100,
1114         0x10101, 0x10102,
1115         0x10103, 0x10107,
1116         0x10134, 0x10137,
1117         0x10140, 0x101d0,
1118         0x101fd, 0x10280,
1119         0x1029d, 0x102a0,
1120         0x102d1, 0x10300,
1121         0x10324, 0x10330,
1122         0x1034b, 0x10350,
1123         0x10376, 0x10380,
1124         0x1039e, 0x1039f,
1125         0x103c4, 0x103c8,
1126         0x103d6, 0x10400,
1127         0x1049e, 0x104a0,
1128         0x104aa, 0x10500,
1129         0x10528, 0x10530,
1130         0x10564, 0x1056f,
1131         0x10570, 0x10600,
1132         0x10737, 0x10740,
1133         0x10756, 0x10760,
1134         0x10768, 0x10800,
1135         0x1091f, 0x10920,
1136         0x10a01, 0x10a04,
1137         0x10a05, 0x10a07,
1138         0x10a0c, 0x10a10,
1139         0x10a38, 0x10a3b,
1140         0x10a3f, 0x10a40,
1141         0x10ae5, 0x10ae7,
1142         0x10b39, 0x10b40,
1143         0x10e60, 0x10e7f,
1144         0x11001, 0x11002,
1145         0x11038, 0x11047,
1146         0x1104e, 0x11066,
1147         0x11070, 0x11082,
1148         0x110b3, 0x110b7,
1149         0x110b9, 0x110bb,
1150         0x110c2, 0x110d0,
1151         0x110e9, 0x110f0,
1152         0x110fa, 0x11103,
1153         0x11127, 0x1112c,
1154         0x1112d, 0x11136,
1155         0x11144, 0x11150,
1156         0x11173, 0x11174,
1157         0x11177, 0x11182,
1158         0x111b6, 0x111bf,
1159         0x111ca, 0x111cd,
1160         0x111ce, 0x111d0,
1161         0x111e0, 0x111e1,
1162         0x111f5, 0x11200,
1163         0x11212, 0x11213,
1164         0x1122f, 0x11232,
1165         0x11234, 0x11235,
1166         0x11236, 0x11238,
1167         0x1123e, 0x11280,
1168         0x11287, 0x11288,
1169         0x11289, 0x1128a,
1170         0x1128e, 0x1128f,
1171         0x1129e, 0x1129f,
1172         0x112aa, 0x112b0,
1173         0x112df, 0x112e0,
1174         0x112e3, 0x112f0,
1175         0x112fa, 0x11302,
1176         0x11304, 0x11305,
1177         0x1130d, 0x1130f,
1178         0x11311, 0x11313,
1179         0x11329, 0x1132a,
1180         0x11331, 0x11332,
1181         0x11334, 0x11335,
1182         0x1133a, 0x1133d,
1183         0x11340, 0x11341,
1184         0x11345, 0x11347,
1185         0x11349, 0x1134b,
1186         0x1134e, 0x11350,
1187         0x11351, 0x11357,
1188         0x11358, 0x1135d,
1189         0x11364, 0x11480,
1190         0x114b3, 0x114b9,
1191         0x114ba, 0x114bb,
1192         0x114bf, 0x114c1,
1193         0x114c2, 0x114c4,
1194         0x114c8, 0x114d0,
1195         0x114da, 0x11580,
1196         0x115b2, 0x115b8,
1197         0x115bc, 0x115be,
1198         0x115bf, 0x115c1,
1199         0x115dc, 0x11600,
1200         0x11633, 0x1163b,
1201         0x1163d, 0x1163e,
1202         0x1163f, 0x11641,
1203         0x11645, 0x11650,
1204         0x1165a, 0x11680,
1205         0x116ab, 0x116ac,
1206         0x116ad, 0x116ae,
1207         0x116b0, 0x116b6,
1208         0x116b7, 0x116c0,
1209         0x116ca, 0x11700,
1210         0x1171a, 0x11720,
1211         0x11722, 0x11726,
1212         0x11727, 0x11730,
1213         0x11740, 0x118a0,
1214         0x118f3, 0x118ff,
1215         0x11900, 0x11ac0,
1216         0x11af9, 0x12000,
1217         0x1239a, 0x12400,
1218         0x1246f, 0x12470,
1219         0x12475, 0x12480,
1220         0x12544, 0x13000,
1221         0x1342f, 0x14400,
1222         0x14647, 0x16800,
1223         0x16a39, 0x16a40,
1224         0x16a5f, 0x16a60,
1225         0x16a6a, 0x16a6e,
1226         0x16a70, 0x16ad0,
1227         0x16aee, 0x16af5,
1228         0x16af6, 0x16b00,
1229         0x16b30, 0x16b37,
1230         0x16b46, 0x16b50,
1231         0x16b5a, 0x16b5b,
1232         0x16b62, 0x16b63,
1233         0x16b78, 0x16b7d,
1234         0x16b90, 0x16f00,
1235         0x16f45, 0x16f50,
1236         0x16f7f, 0x16f93,
1237         0x16fa0, 0x1b000,
1238         0x1b002, 0x1bc00,
1239         0x1bc6b, 0x1bc70,
1240         0x1bc7d, 0x1bc80,
1241         0x1bc89, 0x1bc90,
1242         0x1bc9a, 0x1bc9c,
1243         0x1bc9d, 0x1bc9f,
1244         0x1bca0, 0x1d000,
1245         0x1d0f6, 0x1d100,
1246         0x1d127, 0x1d129,
1247         0x1d167, 0x1d16a,
1248         0x1d173, 0x1d183,
1249         0x1d185, 0x1d18c,
1250         0x1d1aa, 0x1d1ae,
1251         0x1d1e9, 0x1d360,
1252         0x1d372, 0x1d400,
1253         0x1d455, 0x1d456,
1254         0x1d49d, 0x1d49e,
1255         0x1d4a0, 0x1d4a2,
1256         0x1d4a3, 0x1d4a5,
1257         0x1d4a7, 0x1d4a9,
1258         0x1d4ad, 0x1d4ae,
1259         0x1d4ba, 0x1d4bb,
1260         0x1d4bc, 0x1d4bd,
1261         0x1d4c4, 0x1d4c5,
1262         0x1d506, 0x1d507,
1263         0x1d50b, 0x1d50d,
1264         0x1d515, 0x1d516,
1265         0x1d51d, 0x1d51e,
1266         0x1d53a, 0x1d53b,
1267         0x1d53f, 0x1d540,
1268         0x1d545, 0x1d546,
1269         0x1d547, 0x1d54a,
1270         0x1d551, 0x1d552,
1271         0x1d6a6, 0x1d6a8,
1272         0x1d6db, 0x1d6dc,
1273         0x1d715, 0x1d716,
1274         0x1d74f, 0x1d750,
1275         0x1d789, 0x1d78a,
1276         0x1d7c3, 0x1d7c4,
1277         0x1d7cc, 0x1d800,
1278         0x1da00, 0x1da37,
1279         0x1da3b, 0x1da6d,
1280         0x1da75, 0x1da76,
1281         0x1da84, 0x1da85,
1282         0x1da8c, 0x1e800,
1283         0x1e8d0, 0x1e8d7,
1284         0x1eef0, 0x1eef2,
1285         0x1f000, 0x1f110,
1286         0x1f12f, 0x1f130,
1287         0x1f16a, 0x1f170,
1288         0x1f19b, 0x1f1e6,
1289         0x1f203, 0x1f210,
1290         0x1f23b, 0x1f240,
1291         0x1f249, 0x1f250,
1292         0x1f252, 0x20000,
1293         0x2a6d7, 0x2a700,
1294         0x2b735, 0x2b740,
1295         0x2b81e, 0x2b820,
1296         0x2cea2, 0x2f800,
1297         0x2fa1e, 0xf0000,
1298         0xffffe, 0x100000,
1299         0x10fffe, 0x10ffff // sentinel
1300     };
1301 
1302 
1303     // use a binary search with a cache
1304 
1305     private transient volatile int stCache = 0;
1306 
1307     private boolean isStrongDirectional(char c) {
1308         int cachedIndex = stCache;
1309         if (c < strongTable[cachedIndex]) {
1310             cachedIndex = search(c, strongTable, 0, cachedIndex);
1311         } else if (c >= strongTable[cachedIndex + 1]) {
1312             cachedIndex = search(c, strongTable, cachedIndex + 1,
1313                                  strongTable.length - cachedIndex - 1);
1314         }
1315         boolean val = (cachedIndex & 0x1) == 1;
1316         stCache = cachedIndex;
1317         return val;
1318     }
1319 
1320     private static int getKeyFromMask(int mask) {
1321         int key = 0;
1322         while (key < NUM_KEYS && ((mask & (1<<key)) == 0)) {
1323             ++key;
1324         }
1325         if (key == NUM_KEYS || ((mask & ~(1<<key)) != 0)) {
1326             throw new IllegalArgumentException("invalid shaper: " + Integer.toHexString(mask));
1327         }
1328         return key;
1329     }
1330 
1331     /**
1332      * Returns a shaper for the provided unicode range.  All
1333      * Latin-1 (EUROPEAN) digits are converted
1334      * to the corresponding decimal unicode digits.
1335      * @param singleRange the specified Unicode range
1336      * @return a non-contextual numeric shaper
1337      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the range is not a single range
1338      */
1339     public static NumericShaper getShaper(int singleRange) {
1340         int key = getKeyFromMask(singleRange);
1341         return new NumericShaper(key, singleRange);
1342     }
1343 
1344     /**
1345      * Returns a shaper for the provided Unicode
1346      * range. All Latin-1 (EUROPEAN) digits are converted to the
1347      * corresponding decimal digits of the specified Unicode range.
1348      *
1349      * @param singleRange the Unicode range given by a {@link
1350      *                    NumericShaper.Range} constant.
1351      * @return a non-contextual {@code NumericShaper}.
1352      * @throws NullPointerException if {@code singleRange} is {@code null}
1353      * @since 1.7
1354      */
1355     public static NumericShaper getShaper(Range singleRange) {
1356         return new NumericShaper(singleRange, EnumSet.of(singleRange));
1357     }
1358 
1359     /**
1360      * Returns a contextual shaper for the provided unicode range(s).
1361      * Latin-1 (EUROPEAN) digits are converted to the decimal digits
1362      * corresponding to the range of the preceding text, if the
1363      * range is one of the provided ranges.  Multiple ranges are
1364      * represented by or-ing the values together, such as,
1365      * {@code NumericShaper.ARABIC | NumericShaper.THAI}.  The
1366      * shaper assumes EUROPEAN as the starting context, that is, if
1367      * EUROPEAN digits are encountered before any strong directional
1368      * text in the string, the context is presumed to be EUROPEAN, and
1369      * so the digits will not shape.
1370      * @param ranges the specified Unicode ranges
1371      * @return a shaper for the specified ranges
1372      */
1373     public static NumericShaper getContextualShaper(int ranges) {
1374         ranges |= CONTEXTUAL_MASK;
1375         return new NumericShaper(EUROPEAN_KEY, ranges);
1376     }
1377 
1378     /**
1379      * Returns a contextual shaper for the provided Unicode
1380      * range(s). The Latin-1 (EUROPEAN) digits are converted to the
1381      * decimal digits corresponding to the range of the preceding
1382      * text, if the range is one of the provided ranges.
1383      *
1384      * <p>The shaper assumes EUROPEAN as the starting context, that
1385      * is, if EUROPEAN digits are encountered before any strong
1386      * directional text in the string, the context is presumed to be
1387      * EUROPEAN, and so the digits will not shape.
1388      *
1389      * @param ranges the specified Unicode ranges
1390      * @return a contextual shaper for the specified ranges
1391      * @throws NullPointerException if {@code ranges} is {@code null}.
1392      * @since 1.7
1393      */
1394     public static NumericShaper getContextualShaper(Set<Range> ranges) {
1395         NumericShaper shaper = new NumericShaper(Range.EUROPEAN, ranges);
1396         shaper.mask = CONTEXTUAL_MASK;
1397         return shaper;
1398     }
1399 
1400     /**
1401      * Returns a contextual shaper for the provided unicode range(s).
1402      * Latin-1 (EUROPEAN) digits will be converted to the decimal digits
1403      * corresponding to the range of the preceding text, if the
1404      * range is one of the provided ranges.  Multiple ranges are
1405      * represented by or-ing the values together, for example,
1406      * {@code NumericShaper.ARABIC | NumericShaper.THAI}.  The
1407      * shaper uses defaultContext as the starting context.
1408      * @param ranges the specified Unicode ranges
1409      * @param defaultContext the starting context, such as
1410      * {@code NumericShaper.EUROPEAN}
1411      * @return a shaper for the specified Unicode ranges.
1412      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the specified
1413      * {@code defaultContext} is not a single valid range.
1414      */
1415     public static NumericShaper getContextualShaper(int ranges, int defaultContext) {
1416         int key = getKeyFromMask(defaultContext);
1417         ranges |= CONTEXTUAL_MASK;
1418         return new NumericShaper(key, ranges);
1419     }
1420 
1421     /**
1422      * Returns a contextual shaper for the provided Unicode range(s).
1423      * The Latin-1 (EUROPEAN) digits will be converted to the decimal
1424      * digits corresponding to the range of the preceding text, if the
1425      * range is one of the provided ranges. The shaper uses {@code
1426      * defaultContext} as the starting context.
1427      *
1428      * @param ranges the specified Unicode ranges
1429      * @param defaultContext the starting context, such as
1430      *                       {@code NumericShaper.Range.EUROPEAN}
1431      * @return a contextual shaper for the specified Unicode ranges.
1432      * @throws NullPointerException
1433      *         if {@code ranges} or {@code defaultContext} is {@code null}
1434      * @since 1.7
1435      */
1436     public static NumericShaper getContextualShaper(Set<Range> ranges,
1437                                                     Range defaultContext) {
1438         if (defaultContext == null) {
1439             throw new NullPointerException();
1440         }
1441         NumericShaper shaper = new NumericShaper(defaultContext, ranges);
1442         shaper.mask = CONTEXTUAL_MASK;
1443         return shaper;
1444     }
1445 
1446     /**
1447      * Private constructor.
1448      */
1449     private NumericShaper(int key, int mask) {
1450         this.key = key;
1451         this.mask = mask;
1452     }
1453 
1454     private NumericShaper(Range defaultContext, Set<Range> ranges) {
1455         shapingRange = defaultContext;
1456         rangeSet = EnumSet.copyOf(ranges); // throws NPE if ranges is null.
1457 
1458         // Give precedence to EASTERN_ARABIC if both ARABIC and
1459         // EASTERN_ARABIC are specified.
1460         if (rangeSet.contains(Range.EASTERN_ARABIC)
1461             && rangeSet.contains(Range.ARABIC)) {
1462             rangeSet.remove(Range.ARABIC);
1463         }
1464 
1465         // As well as the above case, give precedence to TAI_THAM_THAM if both
1466         // TAI_THAM_HORA and TAI_THAM_THAM are specified.
1467         if (rangeSet.contains(Range.TAI_THAM_THAM)
1468             && rangeSet.contains(Range.TAI_THAM_HORA)) {
1469             rangeSet.remove(Range.TAI_THAM_HORA);
1470         }
1471 
1472         rangeArray = rangeSet.toArray(new Range[rangeSet.size()]);
1473         if (rangeArray.length > BSEARCH_THRESHOLD) {
1474             // sort rangeArray for binary search
1475             Arrays.sort(rangeArray,
1476                         new Comparator<Range>() {
1477                             public int compare(Range s1, Range s2) {
1478                                 return s1.base > s2.base ? 1 : s1.base == s2.base ? 0 : -1;
1479                             }
1480                         });
1481         }
1482     }
1483 
1484     /**
1485      * Converts the digits in the text that occur between start and
1486      * start + count.
1487      * @param text an array of characters to convert
1488      * @param start the index into {@code text} to start
1489      *        converting
1490      * @param count the number of characters in {@code text}
1491      *        to convert
1492      * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if start or start + count is
1493      *        out of bounds
1494      * @throws NullPointerException if text is null
1495      */
1496     public void shape(char[] text, int start, int count) {
1497         checkParams(text, start, count);
1498         if (isContextual()) {
1499             if (rangeSet == null) {
1500                 shapeContextually(text, start, count, key);
1501             } else {
1502                 shapeContextually(text, start, count, shapingRange);
1503             }
1504         } else {
1505             shapeNonContextually(text, start, count);
1506         }
1507     }
1508 
1509     /**
1510      * Converts the digits in the text that occur between start and
1511      * start + count, using the provided context.
1512      * Context is ignored if the shaper is not a contextual shaper.
1513      * @param text an array of characters
1514      * @param start the index into {@code text} to start
1515      *        converting
1516      * @param count the number of characters in {@code text}
1517      *        to convert
1518      * @param context the context to which to convert the
1519      *        characters, such as {@code NumericShaper.EUROPEAN}
1520      * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if start or start + count is
1521      *        out of bounds
1522      * @throws NullPointerException if text is null
1523      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if this is a contextual shaper
1524      * and the specified {@code context} is not a single valid
1525      * range.
1526      */
1527     public void shape(char[] text, int start, int count, int context) {
1528         checkParams(text, start, count);
1529         if (isContextual()) {
1530             int ctxKey = getKeyFromMask(context);
1531             if (rangeSet == null) {
1532                 shapeContextually(text, start, count, ctxKey);
1533             } else {
1534                 shapeContextually(text, start, count, Range.values()[ctxKey]);
1535             }
1536         } else {
1537             shapeNonContextually(text, start, count);
1538         }
1539     }
1540 
1541     /**
1542      * Converts the digits in the text that occur between {@code
1543      * start} and {@code start + count}, using the provided {@code
1544      * context}. {@code Context} is ignored if the shaper is not a
1545      * contextual shaper.
1546      *
1547      * @param text  a {@code char} array
1548      * @param start the index into {@code text} to start converting
1549      * @param count the number of {@code char}s in {@code text}
1550      *              to convert
1551      * @param context the context to which to convert the characters,
1552      *                such as {@code NumericShaper.Range.EUROPEAN}
1553      * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
1554      *         if {@code start} or {@code start + count} is out of bounds
1555      * @throws NullPointerException
1556      *         if {@code text} or {@code context} is null
1557      * @since 1.7
1558      */
1559     public void shape(char[] text, int start, int count, Range context) {
1560         checkParams(text, start, count);
1561         if (context == null) {
1562             throw new NullPointerException("context is null");
1563         }
1564 
1565         if (isContextual()) {
1566             if (rangeSet != null) {
1567                 shapeContextually(text, start, count, context);
1568             } else {
1569                 int key = Range.toRangeIndex(context);
1570                 if (key >= 0) {
1571                     shapeContextually(text, start, count, key);
1572                 } else {
1573                     shapeContextually(text, start, count, shapingRange);
1574                 }
1575             }
1576         } else {
1577             shapeNonContextually(text, start, count);
1578         }
1579     }
1580 
1581     private void checkParams(char[] text, int start, int count) {
1582         if (text == null) {
1583             throw new NullPointerException("text is null");
1584         }
1585         if ((start < 0)
1586             || (start > text.length)
1587             || ((start + count) < 0)
1588             || ((start + count) > text.length)) {
1589             throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(
1590                 "bad start or count for text of length " + text.length);
1591         }
1592     }
1593 
1594     /**
1595      * Returns a {@code boolean} indicating whether or not
1596      * this shaper shapes contextually.
1597      * @return {@code true} if this shaper is contextual;
1598      *         {@code false} otherwise.
1599      */
1600     public boolean isContextual() {
1601         return (mask & CONTEXTUAL_MASK) != 0;
1602     }
1603 
1604     /**
1605      * Returns an {@code int} that ORs together the values for
1606      * all the ranges that will be shaped.
1607      * <p>
1608      * For example, to check if a shaper shapes to Arabic, you would use the
1609      * following:
1610      * <blockquote>
1611      *   {@code if ((shaper.getRanges() & shaper.ARABIC) != 0) { ... }
1612      * </blockquote>
1613      *
1614      * <p>Note that this method supports only the bit mask-based
1615      * ranges. Call {@link #getRangeSet()} for the enum-based ranges.
1616      *
1617      * @return the values for all the ranges to be shaped.
1618      */
1619     public int getRanges() {
1620         return mask & ~CONTEXTUAL_MASK;
1621     }
1622 
1623     /**
1624      * Returns a {@code Set} representing all the Unicode ranges in
1625      * this {@code NumericShaper} that will be shaped.
1626      *
1627      * @return all the Unicode ranges to be shaped.
1628      * @since 1.7
1629      */
1630     public Set<Range> getRangeSet() {
1631         if (rangeSet != null) {
1632             return EnumSet.copyOf(rangeSet);
1633         }
1634         return Range.maskToRangeSet(mask);
1635     }
1636 
1637     /**
1638      * Perform non-contextual shaping.
1639      */
1640     private void shapeNonContextually(char[] text, int start, int count) {
1641         int base;
1642         char minDigit = '0';
1643         if (shapingRange != null) {
1644             base = shapingRange.getDigitBase();
1645             minDigit += shapingRange.getNumericBase();
1646         } else {
1647             base = bases[key];
1648             if (key == ETHIOPIC_KEY) {
1649                 minDigit++; // Ethiopic doesn't use decimal zero
1650             }
1651         }
1652         for (int i = start, e = start + count; i < e; ++i) {
1653             char c = text[i];
1654             if (c >= minDigit && c <= '\u0039') {
1655                 text[i] = (char)(c + base);
1656             }
1657         }
1658     }
1659 
1660     /**
1661      * Perform contextual shaping.
1662      * Synchronized to protect caches used in getContextKey.
1663      */
1664     private synchronized void shapeContextually(char[] text, int start, int count, int ctxKey) {
1665 
1666         // if we don't support this context, then don't shape
1667         if ((mask & (1<<ctxKey)) == 0) {
1668             ctxKey = EUROPEAN_KEY;
1669         }
1670         int lastkey = ctxKey;
1671 
1672         int base = bases[ctxKey];
1673         char minDigit = ctxKey == ETHIOPIC_KEY ? '1' : '0'; // Ethiopic doesn't use decimal zero
1674 
1675         synchronized (NumericShaper.class) {
1676             for (int i = start, e = start + count; i < e; ++i) {
1677                 char c = text[i];
1678                 if (c >= minDigit && c <= '\u0039') {
1679                     text[i] = (char)(c + base);
1680                 }
1681 
1682                 if (isStrongDirectional(c)) {
1683                     int newkey = getContextKey(c);
1684                     if (newkey != lastkey) {
1685                         lastkey = newkey;
1686 
1687                         ctxKey = newkey;
1688                         if (((mask & EASTERN_ARABIC) != 0) &&
1689                              (ctxKey == ARABIC_KEY ||
1690                               ctxKey == EASTERN_ARABIC_KEY)) {
1691                             ctxKey = EASTERN_ARABIC_KEY;
1692                         } else if (((mask & ARABIC) != 0) &&
1693                              (ctxKey == ARABIC_KEY ||
1694                               ctxKey == EASTERN_ARABIC_KEY)) {
1695                             ctxKey = ARABIC_KEY;
1696                         } else if ((mask & (1<<ctxKey)) == 0) {
1697                             ctxKey = EUROPEAN_KEY;
1698                         }
1699 
1700                         base = bases[ctxKey];
1701 
1702                         minDigit = ctxKey == ETHIOPIC_KEY ? '1' : '0'; // Ethiopic doesn't use decimal zero
1703                     }
1704                 }
1705             }
1706         }
1707     }
1708 
1709     private void shapeContextually(char[] text, int start, int count, Range ctxKey) {
1710         // if we don't support the specified context, then don't shape.
1711         if (ctxKey == null || !rangeSet.contains(ctxKey)) {
1712             ctxKey = Range.EUROPEAN;
1713         }
1714 
1715         Range lastKey = ctxKey;
1716         int base = ctxKey.getDigitBase();
1717         char minDigit = (char)('0' + ctxKey.getNumericBase());
1718         final int end = start + count;
1719         for (int i = start; i < end; ++i) {
1720             char c = text[i];
1721             if (c >= minDigit && c <= '9') {
1722                 text[i] = (char)(c + base);
1723                 continue;
1724             }
1725             if (isStrongDirectional(c)) {
1726                 ctxKey = rangeForCodePoint(c);
1727                 if (ctxKey != lastKey) {
1728                     lastKey = ctxKey;
1729                     base = ctxKey.getDigitBase();
1730                     minDigit = (char)('0' + ctxKey.getNumericBase());
1731                 }
1732             }
1733         }
1734     }
1735 
1736     /**
1737      * Returns a hash code for this shaper.
1738      * @return this shaper's hash code.
1739      * @see java.lang.Object#hashCode
1740      */
1741     public int hashCode() {
1742         int hash = mask;
1743         if (rangeSet != null) {
1744             // Use the CONTEXTUAL_MASK bit only for the enum-based
1745             // NumericShaper. A deserialized NumericShaper might have
1746             // bit masks.
1747             hash &= CONTEXTUAL_MASK;
1748             hash ^= rangeSet.hashCode();
1749         }
1750         return hash;
1751     }
1752 
1753     /**
1754      * Returns {@code true} if the specified object is an instance of
1755      * {@code NumericShaper} and shapes identically to this one,
1756      * regardless of the range representations, the bit mask or the
1757      * enum. For example, the following code produces {@code "true"}.
1758      * <blockquote><pre>
1759      * NumericShaper ns1 = NumericShaper.getShaper(NumericShaper.ARABIC);
1760      * NumericShaper ns2 = NumericShaper.getShaper(NumericShaper.Range.ARABIC);
1761      * System.out.println(ns1.equals(ns2));
1762      * </pre></blockquote>
1763      *
1764      * @param o the specified object to compare to this
1765      *          {@code NumericShaper}
1766      * @return {@code true} if {@code o} is an instance
1767      *         of {@code NumericShaper} and shapes in the same way;
1768      *         {@code false} otherwise.
1769      * @see java.lang.Object#equals(java.lang.Object)
1770      */
1771     public boolean equals(Object o) {
1772         if (o != null) {
1773             try {
1774                 NumericShaper rhs = (NumericShaper)o;
1775                 if (rangeSet != null) {
1776                     if (rhs.rangeSet != null) {
1777                         return isContextual() == rhs.isContextual()
1778                             && rangeSet.equals(rhs.rangeSet)
1779                             && shapingRange == rhs.shapingRange;
1780                     }
1781                     return isContextual() == rhs.isContextual()
1782                         && rangeSet.equals(Range.maskToRangeSet(rhs.mask))
1783                         && shapingRange == Range.indexToRange(rhs.key);
1784                 } else if (rhs.rangeSet != null) {
1785                     Set<Range> rset = Range.maskToRangeSet(mask);
1786                     Range srange = Range.indexToRange(key);
1787                     return isContextual() == rhs.isContextual()
1788                         && rset.equals(rhs.rangeSet)
1789                         && srange == rhs.shapingRange;
1790                 }
1791                 return rhs.mask == mask && rhs.key == key;
1792             }
1793             catch (ClassCastException e) {
1794             }
1795         }
1796         return false;
1797     }
1798 
1799     /**
1800      * Returns a {@code String} that describes this shaper. This method
1801      * is used for debugging purposes only.
1802      * @return a {@code String} describing this shaper.
1803      */
1804     public String toString() {
1805         StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(super.toString());
1806 
1807         buf.append("[contextual:").append(isContextual());
1808 
1809         String[] keyNames = null;
1810         if (isContextual()) {
1811             buf.append(", context:");
1812             buf.append(shapingRange == null ? Range.values()[key] : shapingRange);
1813         }
1814 
1815         if (rangeSet == null) {
1816             buf.append(", range(s): ");
1817             boolean first = true;
1818             for (int i = 0; i < NUM_KEYS; ++i) {
1819                 if ((mask & (1 << i)) != 0) {
1820                     if (first) {
1821                         first = false;
1822                     } else {
1823                         buf.append(", ");
1824                     }
1825                     buf.append(Range.values()[i]);
1826                 }
1827             }
1828         } else {
1829             buf.append(", range set: ").append(rangeSet);
1830         }
1831         buf.append(']');
1832 
1833         return buf.toString();
1834     }
1835 
1836     /**
1837      * Returns the index of the high bit in value (assuming le, actually
1838      * power of 2 >= value). value must be positive.
1839      */
1840     private static int getHighBit(int value) {
1841         if (value <= 0) {
1842             return -32;
1843         }
1844 
1845         int bit = 0;
1846 
1847         if (value >= 1 << 16) {
1848             value >>= 16;
1849             bit += 16;
1850         }
1851 
1852         if (value >= 1 << 8) {
1853             value >>= 8;
1854             bit += 8;
1855         }
1856 
1857         if (value >= 1 << 4) {
1858             value >>= 4;
1859             bit += 4;
1860         }
1861 
1862         if (value >= 1 << 2) {
1863             value >>= 2;
1864             bit += 2;
1865         }
1866 
1867         if (value >= 1 << 1) {
1868             bit += 1;
1869         }
1870 
1871         return bit;
1872     }
1873 
1874     /**
1875      * fast binary search over subrange of array.
1876      */
1877     private static int search(int value, int[] array, int start, int length)
1878     {
1879         int power = 1 << getHighBit(length);
1880         int extra = length - power;
1881         int probe = power;
1882         int index = start;
1883 
1884         if (value >= array[index + extra]) {
1885             index += extra;
1886         }
1887 
1888         while (probe > 1) {
1889             probe >>= 1;
1890 
1891             if (value >= array[index + probe]) {
1892                 index += probe;
1893             }
1894         }
1895 
1896         return index;
1897     }
1898 
1899     /**
1900      * Converts the {@code NumericShaper.Range} enum-based parameters,
1901      * if any, to the bit mask-based counterparts and writes this
1902      * object to the {@code stream}. Any enum constants that have no
1903      * bit mask-based counterparts are ignored in the conversion.
1904      *
1905      * @param stream the output stream to write to
1906      * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs while writing to {@code stream}
1907      * @since 1.7
1908      */
1909     private void writeObject(ObjectOutputStream stream) throws IOException {
1910         if (shapingRange != null) {
1911             int index = Range.toRangeIndex(shapingRange);
1912             if (index >= 0) {
1913                 key = index;
1914             }
1915         }
1916         if (rangeSet != null) {
1917             mask |= Range.toRangeMask(rangeSet);
1918         }
1919         stream.defaultWriteObject();
1920     }
1921 }