1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2001, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #ifndef SHARE_VM_GC_INTERFACE_COLLECTEDHEAP_HPP
  26 #define SHARE_VM_GC_INTERFACE_COLLECTEDHEAP_HPP
  27 
  28 #include "gc_interface/gcCause.hpp"
  29 #include "gc_implementation/shared/gcWhen.hpp"
  30 #include "memory/allocation.hpp"
  31 #include "memory/barrierSet.hpp"
  32 #include "runtime/handles.hpp"
  33 #include "runtime/perfData.hpp"
  34 #include "runtime/safepoint.hpp"
  35 #include "utilities/events.hpp"
  36 
  37 // A "CollectedHeap" is an implementation of a java heap for HotSpot.  This
  38 // is an abstract class: there may be many different kinds of heaps.  This
  39 // class defines the functions that a heap must implement, and contains
  40 // infrastructure common to all heaps.
  41 
  42 class AdaptiveSizePolicy;
  43 class BarrierSet;
  44 class CollectorPolicy;
  45 class GCHeapSummary;
  46 class GCTimer;
  47 class GCTracer;
  48 class MetaspaceSummary;
  49 class Thread;
  50 class ThreadClosure;
  51 class VirtualSpaceSummary;
  52 class nmethod;
  53 
  54 class GCMessage : public FormatBuffer<1024> {
  55  public:
  56   bool is_before;
  57 
  58  public:
  59   GCMessage() {}
  60 };
  61 
  62 class GCHeapLog : public EventLogBase<GCMessage> {
  63  private:
  64   void log_heap(bool before);
  65 
  66  public:
  67   GCHeapLog() : EventLogBase<GCMessage>("GC Heap History") {}
  68 
  69   void log_heap_before() {
  70     log_heap(true);
  71   }
  72   void log_heap_after() {
  73     log_heap(false);
  74   }
  75 };
  76 
  77 //
  78 // CollectedHeap
  79 //   SharedHeap
  80 //     GenCollectedHeap
  81 //     G1CollectedHeap
  82 //   ParallelScavengeHeap
  83 //
  84 class CollectedHeap : public CHeapObj<mtInternal> {
  85   friend class VMStructs;
  86   friend class IsGCActiveMark; // Block structured external access to _is_gc_active
  87 
  88 #ifdef ASSERT
  89   static int       _fire_out_of_memory_count;
  90 #endif
  91 
  92   // Used for filler objects (static, but initialized in ctor).
  93   static size_t _filler_array_max_size;
  94 
  95   GCHeapLog* _gc_heap_log;
  96 
  97   // Used in support of ReduceInitialCardMarks; only consulted if COMPILER2 is being used
  98   bool _defer_initial_card_mark;
  99 
 100  protected:
 101   MemRegion _reserved;
 102   BarrierSet* _barrier_set;
 103   bool _is_gc_active;
 104   uint _n_par_threads;
 105 
 106   unsigned int _total_collections;          // ... started
 107   unsigned int _total_full_collections;     // ... started
 108   NOT_PRODUCT(volatile size_t _promotion_failure_alot_count;)
 109   NOT_PRODUCT(volatile size_t _promotion_failure_alot_gc_number;)
 110 
 111   // Reason for current garbage collection.  Should be set to
 112   // a value reflecting no collection between collections.
 113   GCCause::Cause _gc_cause;
 114   GCCause::Cause _gc_lastcause;
 115   PerfStringVariable* _perf_gc_cause;
 116   PerfStringVariable* _perf_gc_lastcause;
 117 
 118   // Constructor
 119   CollectedHeap();
 120 
 121   // Do common initializations that must follow instance construction,
 122   // for example, those needing virtual calls.
 123   // This code could perhaps be moved into initialize() but would
 124   // be slightly more awkward because we want the latter to be a
 125   // pure virtual.
 126   void pre_initialize();
 127 
 128   // Create a new tlab. All TLAB allocations must go through this.
 129   virtual HeapWord* allocate_new_tlab(size_t size);
 130 
 131   // Accumulate statistics on all tlabs.
 132   virtual void accumulate_statistics_all_tlabs();
 133 
 134   // Reinitialize tlabs before resuming mutators.
 135   virtual void resize_all_tlabs();
 136 
 137   // Allocate from the current thread's TLAB, with broken-out slow path.
 138   inline static HeapWord* allocate_from_tlab(KlassHandle klass, Thread* thread, size_t size);
 139   static HeapWord* allocate_from_tlab_slow(KlassHandle klass, Thread* thread, size_t size);
 140 
 141   // Allocate an uninitialized block of the given size, or returns NULL if
 142   // this is impossible.
 143   inline static HeapWord* common_mem_allocate_noinit(KlassHandle klass, size_t size, TRAPS);
 144 
 145   // Like allocate_init, but the block returned by a successful allocation
 146   // is guaranteed initialized to zeros.
 147   inline static HeapWord* common_mem_allocate_init(KlassHandle klass, size_t size, TRAPS);
 148 
 149   // Helper functions for (VM) allocation.
 150   inline static void post_allocation_setup_common(KlassHandle klass, HeapWord* obj);
 151   inline static void post_allocation_setup_no_klass_install(KlassHandle klass,
 152                                                             HeapWord* objPtr);
 153 
 154   inline static void post_allocation_setup_obj(KlassHandle klass, HeapWord* obj, int size);
 155 
 156   inline static void post_allocation_setup_array(KlassHandle klass,
 157                                                  HeapWord* obj, int length);
 158 
 159   // Clears an allocated object.
 160   inline static void init_obj(HeapWord* obj, size_t size);
 161 
 162   // Filler object utilities.
 163   static inline size_t filler_array_hdr_size();
 164   static inline size_t filler_array_min_size();
 165 
 166   DEBUG_ONLY(static void fill_args_check(HeapWord* start, size_t words);)
 167   DEBUG_ONLY(static void zap_filler_array(HeapWord* start, size_t words, bool zap = true);)
 168 
 169   // Fill with a single array; caller must ensure filler_array_min_size() <=
 170   // words <= filler_array_max_size().
 171   static inline void fill_with_array(HeapWord* start, size_t words, bool zap = true);
 172 
 173   // Fill with a single object (either an int array or a java.lang.Object).
 174   static inline void fill_with_object_impl(HeapWord* start, size_t words, bool zap = true);
 175 
 176   virtual void trace_heap(GCWhen::Type when, GCTracer* tracer);
 177 
 178   // Verification functions
 179   virtual void check_for_bad_heap_word_value(HeapWord* addr, size_t size)
 180     PRODUCT_RETURN;
 181   virtual void check_for_non_bad_heap_word_value(HeapWord* addr, size_t size)
 182     PRODUCT_RETURN;
 183   debug_only(static void check_for_valid_allocation_state();)
 184 
 185  public:
 186   enum Name {
 187     Abstract,
 188     SharedHeap,
 189     GenCollectedHeap,
 190     ParallelScavengeHeap,
 191     G1CollectedHeap
 192   };
 193 
 194   static inline size_t filler_array_max_size() {
 195     return _filler_array_max_size;
 196   }
 197 
 198   virtual CollectedHeap::Name kind() const { return CollectedHeap::Abstract; }
 199 
 200   /**
 201    * Returns JNI error code JNI_ENOMEM if memory could not be allocated,
 202    * and JNI_OK on success.
 203    */
 204   virtual jint initialize() = 0;
 205 
 206   // In many heaps, there will be a need to perform some initialization activities
 207   // after the Universe is fully formed, but before general heap allocation is allowed.
 208   // This is the correct place to place such initialization methods.
 209   virtual void post_initialize() = 0;
 210 
 211   // Stop any onging concurrent work and prepare for exit.
 212   virtual void stop() {}
 213 
 214   MemRegion reserved_region() const { return _reserved; }
 215   address base() const { return (address)reserved_region().start(); }
 216 
 217   virtual size_t capacity() const = 0;
 218   virtual size_t used() const = 0;
 219 
 220   // Return "true" if the part of the heap that allocates Java
 221   // objects has reached the maximal committed limit that it can
 222   // reach, without a garbage collection.
 223   virtual bool is_maximal_no_gc() const = 0;
 224 
 225   // Support for java.lang.Runtime.maxMemory():  return the maximum amount of
 226   // memory that the vm could make available for storing 'normal' java objects.
 227   // This is based on the reserved address space, but should not include space
 228   // that the vm uses internally for bookkeeping or temporary storage
 229   // (e.g., in the case of the young gen, one of the survivor
 230   // spaces).
 231   virtual size_t max_capacity() const = 0;
 232 
 233   // Returns "TRUE" if "p" points into the reserved area of the heap.
 234   bool is_in_reserved(const void* p) const {
 235     return _reserved.contains(p);
 236   }
 237 
 238   bool is_in_reserved_or_null(const void* p) const {
 239     return p == NULL || is_in_reserved(p);
 240   }
 241 
 242   // Returns "TRUE" iff "p" points into the committed areas of the heap.
 243   // Since this method can be expensive in general, we restrict its
 244   // use to assertion checking only.
 245   virtual bool is_in(const void* p) const = 0;
 246 
 247   bool is_in_or_null(const void* p) const {
 248     return p == NULL || is_in(p);
 249   }
 250 
 251   bool is_in_place(Metadata** p) {
 252     return !Universe::heap()->is_in(p);
 253   }
 254   bool is_in_place(oop* p) { return Universe::heap()->is_in(p); }
 255   bool is_in_place(narrowOop* p) {
 256     oop o = oopDesc::load_decode_heap_oop_not_null(p);
 257     return Universe::heap()->is_in((const void*)o);
 258   }
 259 
 260   // Let's define some terms: a "closed" subset of a heap is one that
 261   //
 262   // 1) contains all currently-allocated objects, and
 263   //
 264   // 2) is closed under reference: no object in the closed subset
 265   //    references one outside the closed subset.
 266   //
 267   // Membership in a heap's closed subset is useful for assertions.
 268   // Clearly, the entire heap is a closed subset, so the default
 269   // implementation is to use "is_in_reserved".  But this may not be too
 270   // liberal to perform useful checking.  Also, the "is_in" predicate
 271   // defines a closed subset, but may be too expensive, since "is_in"
 272   // verifies that its argument points to an object head.  The
 273   // "closed_subset" method allows a heap to define an intermediate
 274   // predicate, allowing more precise checking than "is_in_reserved" at
 275   // lower cost than "is_in."
 276 
 277   // One important case is a heap composed of disjoint contiguous spaces,
 278   // such as the Garbage-First collector.  Such heaps have a convenient
 279   // closed subset consisting of the allocated portions of those
 280   // contiguous spaces.
 281 
 282   // Return "TRUE" iff the given pointer points into the heap's defined
 283   // closed subset (which defaults to the entire heap).
 284   virtual bool is_in_closed_subset(const void* p) const {
 285     return is_in_reserved(p);
 286   }
 287 
 288   bool is_in_closed_subset_or_null(const void* p) const {
 289     return p == NULL || is_in_closed_subset(p);
 290   }
 291 
 292 #ifdef ASSERT
 293   // Returns true if "p" is in the part of the
 294   // heap being collected.
 295   virtual bool is_in_partial_collection(const void *p) = 0;
 296 #endif
 297 
 298   // An object is scavengable if its location may move during a scavenge.
 299   // (A scavenge is a GC which is not a full GC.)
 300   virtual bool is_scavengable(const void *p) = 0;
 301 
 302   void set_gc_cause(GCCause::Cause v) {
 303      if (UsePerfData) {
 304        _gc_lastcause = _gc_cause;
 305        _perf_gc_lastcause->set_value(GCCause::to_string(_gc_lastcause));
 306        _perf_gc_cause->set_value(GCCause::to_string(v));
 307      }
 308     _gc_cause = v;
 309   }
 310   GCCause::Cause gc_cause() { return _gc_cause; }
 311 
 312   // Number of threads currently working on GC tasks.
 313   uint n_par_threads() { return _n_par_threads; }
 314 
 315   // May be overridden to set additional parallelism.
 316   virtual void set_par_threads(uint t) { _n_par_threads = t; };
 317 
 318   // General obj/array allocation facilities.
 319   inline static oop obj_allocate(KlassHandle klass, int size, TRAPS);
 320   inline static oop array_allocate(KlassHandle klass, int size, int length, TRAPS);
 321   inline static oop array_allocate_nozero(KlassHandle klass, int size, int length, TRAPS);
 322 
 323   inline static void post_allocation_install_obj_klass(KlassHandle klass,
 324                                                        oop obj);
 325 
 326   // Raw memory allocation facilities
 327   // The obj and array allocate methods are covers for these methods.
 328   // mem_allocate() should never be
 329   // called to allocate TLABs, only individual objects.
 330   virtual HeapWord* mem_allocate(size_t size,
 331                                  bool* gc_overhead_limit_was_exceeded) = 0;
 332 
 333   // Utilities for turning raw memory into filler objects.
 334   //
 335   // min_fill_size() is the smallest region that can be filled.
 336   // fill_with_objects() can fill arbitrary-sized regions of the heap using
 337   // multiple objects.  fill_with_object() is for regions known to be smaller
 338   // than the largest array of integers; it uses a single object to fill the
 339   // region and has slightly less overhead.
 340   static size_t min_fill_size() {
 341     return size_t(align_object_size(oopDesc::header_size()));
 342   }
 343 
 344   static void fill_with_objects(HeapWord* start, size_t words, bool zap = true);
 345 
 346   static void fill_with_object(HeapWord* start, size_t words, bool zap = true);
 347   static void fill_with_object(MemRegion region, bool zap = true) {
 348     fill_with_object(region.start(), region.word_size(), zap);
 349   }
 350   static void fill_with_object(HeapWord* start, HeapWord* end, bool zap = true) {
 351     fill_with_object(start, pointer_delta(end, start), zap);
 352   }
 353 
 354   // Return the address "addr" aligned by "alignment_in_bytes" if such
 355   // an address is below "end".  Return NULL otherwise.
 356   inline static HeapWord* align_allocation_or_fail(HeapWord* addr,
 357                                                    HeapWord* end,
 358                                                    unsigned short alignment_in_bytes);
 359 
 360   // Some heaps may offer a contiguous region for shared non-blocking
 361   // allocation, via inlined code (by exporting the address of the top and
 362   // end fields defining the extent of the contiguous allocation region.)
 363 
 364   // This function returns "true" iff the heap supports this kind of
 365   // allocation.  (Default is "no".)
 366   virtual bool supports_inline_contig_alloc() const {
 367     return false;
 368   }
 369   // These functions return the addresses of the fields that define the
 370   // boundaries of the contiguous allocation area.  (These fields should be
 371   // physically near to one another.)
 372   virtual HeapWord** top_addr() const {
 373     guarantee(false, "inline contiguous allocation not supported");
 374     return NULL;
 375   }
 376   virtual HeapWord** end_addr() const {
 377     guarantee(false, "inline contiguous allocation not supported");
 378     return NULL;
 379   }
 380 
 381   // Some heaps may be in an unparseable state at certain times between
 382   // collections. This may be necessary for efficient implementation of
 383   // certain allocation-related activities. Calling this function before
 384   // attempting to parse a heap ensures that the heap is in a parsable
 385   // state (provided other concurrent activity does not introduce
 386   // unparsability). It is normally expected, therefore, that this
 387   // method is invoked with the world stopped.
 388   // NOTE: if you override this method, make sure you call
 389   // super::ensure_parsability so that the non-generational
 390   // part of the work gets done. See implementation of
 391   // CollectedHeap::ensure_parsability and, for instance,
 392   // that of GenCollectedHeap::ensure_parsability().
 393   // The argument "retire_tlabs" controls whether existing TLABs
 394   // are merely filled or also retired, thus preventing further
 395   // allocation from them and necessitating allocation of new TLABs.
 396   virtual void ensure_parsability(bool retire_tlabs);
 397 
 398   // Section on thread-local allocation buffers (TLABs)
 399   // If the heap supports thread-local allocation buffers, it should override
 400   // the following methods:
 401   // Returns "true" iff the heap supports thread-local allocation buffers.
 402   // The default is "no".
 403   virtual bool supports_tlab_allocation() const = 0;
 404 
 405   // The amount of space available for thread-local allocation buffers.
 406   virtual size_t tlab_capacity(Thread *thr) const = 0;
 407 
 408   // The amount of used space for thread-local allocation buffers for the given thread.
 409   virtual size_t tlab_used(Thread *thr) const = 0;
 410 
 411   virtual size_t max_tlab_size() const;
 412 
 413   // An estimate of the maximum allocation that could be performed
 414   // for thread-local allocation buffers without triggering any
 415   // collection or expansion activity.
 416   virtual size_t unsafe_max_tlab_alloc(Thread *thr) const {
 417     guarantee(false, "thread-local allocation buffers not supported");
 418     return 0;
 419   }
 420 
 421   // Can a compiler initialize a new object without store barriers?
 422   // This permission only extends from the creation of a new object
 423   // via a TLAB up to the first subsequent safepoint. If such permission
 424   // is granted for this heap type, the compiler promises to call
 425   // defer_store_barrier() below on any slow path allocation of
 426   // a new object for which such initializing store barriers will
 427   // have been elided.
 428   virtual bool can_elide_tlab_store_barriers() const = 0;
 429 
 430   // If a compiler is eliding store barriers for TLAB-allocated objects,
 431   // there is probably a corresponding slow path which can produce
 432   // an object allocated anywhere.  The compiler's runtime support
 433   // promises to call this function on such a slow-path-allocated
 434   // object before performing initializations that have elided
 435   // store barriers. Returns new_obj, or maybe a safer copy thereof.
 436   virtual oop new_store_pre_barrier(JavaThread* thread, oop new_obj);
 437 
 438   // Answers whether an initializing store to a new object currently
 439   // allocated at the given address doesn't need a store
 440   // barrier. Returns "true" if it doesn't need an initializing
 441   // store barrier; answers "false" if it does.
 442   virtual bool can_elide_initializing_store_barrier(oop new_obj) = 0;
 443 
 444   // If a compiler is eliding store barriers for TLAB-allocated objects,
 445   // we will be informed of a slow-path allocation by a call
 446   // to new_store_pre_barrier() above. Such a call precedes the
 447   // initialization of the object itself, and no post-store-barriers will
 448   // be issued. Some heap types require that the barrier strictly follows
 449   // the initializing stores. (This is currently implemented by deferring the
 450   // barrier until the next slow-path allocation or gc-related safepoint.)
 451   // This interface answers whether a particular heap type needs the card
 452   // mark to be thus strictly sequenced after the stores.
 453   virtual bool card_mark_must_follow_store() const = 0;
 454 
 455   // If the CollectedHeap was asked to defer a store barrier above,
 456   // this informs it to flush such a deferred store barrier to the
 457   // remembered set.
 458   virtual void flush_deferred_store_barrier(JavaThread* thread);
 459 
 460   // Does this heap support heap inspection (+PrintClassHistogram?)
 461   virtual bool supports_heap_inspection() const = 0;
 462 
 463   // Perform a collection of the heap; intended for use in implementing
 464   // "System.gc".  This probably implies as full a collection as the
 465   // "CollectedHeap" supports.
 466   virtual void collect(GCCause::Cause cause) = 0;
 467 
 468   // Perform a full collection
 469   virtual void do_full_collection(bool clear_all_soft_refs) = 0;
 470 
 471   // This interface assumes that it's being called by the
 472   // vm thread. It collects the heap assuming that the
 473   // heap lock is already held and that we are executing in
 474   // the context of the vm thread.
 475   virtual void collect_as_vm_thread(GCCause::Cause cause);
 476 
 477   // Returns the barrier set for this heap
 478   BarrierSet* barrier_set() { return _barrier_set; }
 479 
 480   // Returns "true" iff there is a stop-world GC in progress.  (I assume
 481   // that it should answer "false" for the concurrent part of a concurrent
 482   // collector -- dld).
 483   bool is_gc_active() const { return _is_gc_active; }
 484 
 485   // Total number of GC collections (started)
 486   unsigned int total_collections() const { return _total_collections; }
 487   unsigned int total_full_collections() const { return _total_full_collections;}
 488 
 489   // Increment total number of GC collections (started)
 490   // Should be protected but used by PSMarkSweep - cleanup for 1.4.2
 491   void increment_total_collections(bool full = false) {
 492     _total_collections++;
 493     if (full) {
 494       increment_total_full_collections();
 495     }
 496   }
 497 
 498   void increment_total_full_collections() { _total_full_collections++; }
 499 
 500   // Return the AdaptiveSizePolicy for the heap.
 501   virtual AdaptiveSizePolicy* size_policy() = 0;
 502 
 503   // Return the CollectorPolicy for the heap
 504   virtual CollectorPolicy* collector_policy() const = 0;
 505 
 506   void oop_iterate_no_header(OopClosure* cl);
 507 
 508   // Iterate over all the ref-containing fields of all objects, calling
 509   // "cl.do_oop" on each.
 510   virtual void oop_iterate(ExtendedOopClosure* cl) = 0;
 511 
 512   // Iterate over all objects, calling "cl.do_object" on each.
 513   virtual void object_iterate(ObjectClosure* cl) = 0;
 514 
 515   // Similar to object_iterate() except iterates only
 516   // over live objects.
 517   virtual void safe_object_iterate(ObjectClosure* cl) = 0;
 518 
 519   // NOTE! There is no requirement that a collector implement these
 520   // functions.
 521   //
 522   // A CollectedHeap is divided into a dense sequence of "blocks"; that is,
 523   // each address in the (reserved) heap is a member of exactly
 524   // one block.  The defining characteristic of a block is that it is
 525   // possible to find its size, and thus to progress forward to the next
 526   // block.  (Blocks may be of different sizes.)  Thus, blocks may
 527   // represent Java objects, or they might be free blocks in a
 528   // free-list-based heap (or subheap), as long as the two kinds are
 529   // distinguishable and the size of each is determinable.
 530 
 531   // Returns the address of the start of the "block" that contains the
 532   // address "addr".  We say "blocks" instead of "object" since some heaps
 533   // may not pack objects densely; a chunk may either be an object or a
 534   // non-object.
 535   virtual HeapWord* block_start(const void* addr) const = 0;
 536 
 537   // Requires "addr" to be the start of a chunk, and returns its size.
 538   // "addr + size" is required to be the start of a new chunk, or the end
 539   // of the active area of the heap.
 540   virtual size_t block_size(const HeapWord* addr) const = 0;
 541 
 542   // Requires "addr" to be the start of a block, and returns "TRUE" iff
 543   // the block is an object.
 544   virtual bool block_is_obj(const HeapWord* addr) const = 0;
 545 
 546   // Returns the longest time (in ms) that has elapsed since the last
 547   // time that any part of the heap was examined by a garbage collection.
 548   virtual jlong millis_since_last_gc() = 0;
 549 
 550   // Perform any cleanup actions necessary before allowing a verification.
 551   virtual void prepare_for_verify() = 0;
 552 
 553   // Generate any dumps preceding or following a full gc
 554   void pre_full_gc_dump(GCTimer* timer);
 555   void post_full_gc_dump(GCTimer* timer);
 556 
 557   VirtualSpaceSummary create_heap_space_summary();
 558   GCHeapSummary create_heap_summary();
 559 
 560   MetaspaceSummary create_metaspace_summary();
 561 
 562   // Print heap information on the given outputStream.
 563   virtual void print_on(outputStream* st) const = 0;
 564   // The default behavior is to call print_on() on tty.
 565   virtual void print() const {
 566     print_on(tty);
 567   }
 568   // Print more detailed heap information on the given
 569   // outputStream. The default behavior is to call print_on(). It is
 570   // up to each subclass to override it and add any additional output
 571   // it needs.
 572   virtual void print_extended_on(outputStream* st) const {
 573     print_on(st);
 574   }
 575 
 576   virtual void print_on_error(outputStream* st) const {
 577     st->print_cr("Heap:");
 578     print_extended_on(st);
 579     st->cr();
 580 
 581     _barrier_set->print_on(st);
 582   }
 583 
 584   // Print all GC threads (other than the VM thread)
 585   // used by this heap.
 586   virtual void print_gc_threads_on(outputStream* st) const = 0;
 587   // The default behavior is to call print_gc_threads_on() on tty.
 588   void print_gc_threads() {
 589     print_gc_threads_on(tty);
 590   }
 591   // Iterator for all GC threads (other than VM thread)
 592   virtual void gc_threads_do(ThreadClosure* tc) const = 0;
 593 
 594   // Print any relevant tracing info that flags imply.
 595   // Default implementation does nothing.
 596   virtual void print_tracing_info() const = 0;
 597 
 598   void print_heap_before_gc();
 599   void print_heap_after_gc();
 600 
 601   // Registering and unregistering an nmethod (compiled code) with the heap.
 602   // Override with specific mechanism for each specialized heap type.
 603   virtual void register_nmethod(nmethod* nm);
 604   virtual void unregister_nmethod(nmethod* nm);
 605 
 606   void trace_heap_before_gc(GCTracer* gc_tracer);
 607   void trace_heap_after_gc(GCTracer* gc_tracer);
 608 
 609   // Heap verification
 610   virtual void verify(bool silent, VerifyOption option) = 0;
 611 
 612   // Non product verification and debugging.
 613 #ifndef PRODUCT
 614   // Support for PromotionFailureALot.  Return true if it's time to cause a
 615   // promotion failure.  The no-argument version uses
 616   // this->_promotion_failure_alot_count as the counter.
 617   inline bool promotion_should_fail(volatile size_t* count);
 618   inline bool promotion_should_fail();
 619 
 620   // Reset the PromotionFailureALot counters.  Should be called at the end of a
 621   // GC in which promotion failure occurred.
 622   inline void reset_promotion_should_fail(volatile size_t* count);
 623   inline void reset_promotion_should_fail();
 624 #endif  // #ifndef PRODUCT
 625 
 626 #ifdef ASSERT
 627   static int fired_fake_oom() {
 628     return (CIFireOOMAt > 1 && _fire_out_of_memory_count >= CIFireOOMAt);
 629   }
 630 #endif
 631 
 632  public:
 633   // This is a convenience method that is used in cases where
 634   // the actual number of GC worker threads is not pertinent but
 635   // only whether there more than 0.  Use of this method helps
 636   // reduce the occurrence of ParallelGCThreads to uses where the
 637   // actual number may be germane.
 638   static bool use_parallel_gc_threads() { return ParallelGCThreads > 0; }
 639 
 640   // Copy the current allocation context statistics for the specified contexts.
 641   // For each context in contexts, set the corresponding entries in the totals
 642   // and accuracy arrays to the current values held by the statistics.  Each
 643   // array should be of length len.
 644   // Returns true if there are more stats available.
 645   virtual bool copy_allocation_context_stats(const jint* contexts,
 646                                              jlong* totals,
 647                                              jbyte* accuracy,
 648                                              jint len) {
 649     return false;
 650   }
 651 
 652   /////////////// Unit tests ///////////////
 653 
 654   NOT_PRODUCT(static void test_is_in();)
 655 };
 656 
 657 // Class to set and reset the GC cause for a CollectedHeap.
 658 
 659 class GCCauseSetter : StackObj {
 660   CollectedHeap* _heap;
 661   GCCause::Cause _previous_cause;
 662  public:
 663   GCCauseSetter(CollectedHeap* heap, GCCause::Cause cause) {
 664     assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(),
 665            "This method manipulates heap state without locking");
 666     _heap = heap;
 667     _previous_cause = _heap->gc_cause();
 668     _heap->set_gc_cause(cause);
 669   }
 670 
 671   ~GCCauseSetter() {
 672     assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(),
 673           "This method manipulates heap state without locking");
 674     _heap->set_gc_cause(_previous_cause);
 675   }
 676 };
 677 
 678 #endif // SHARE_VM_GC_INTERFACE_COLLECTEDHEAP_HPP