src/share/classes/java/time/chrono/Chronology.java

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@@ -57,11 +57,11 @@
  * PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
  * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
  * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
  */
-package java.time.temporal;
+package java.time.chrono;
 
 import java.io.DataInput;
 import java.io.DataOutput;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InvalidObjectException;

@@ -70,16 +70,23 @@
 import java.time.DateTimeException;
 import java.time.Instant;
 import java.time.LocalDate;
 import java.time.LocalTime;
 import java.time.ZoneId;
-import java.time.calendar.HijrahChrono;
-import java.time.calendar.JapaneseChrono;
-import java.time.calendar.MinguoChrono;
-import java.time.calendar.ThaiBuddhistChrono;
+import java.time.chrono.HijrahChronology;
+import java.time.chrono.JapaneseChronology;
+import java.time.chrono.MinguoChronology;
+import java.time.chrono.ThaiBuddhistChronology;
 import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatterBuilder;
 import java.time.format.TextStyle;
+import java.time.temporal.ChronoField;
+import java.time.temporal.Queries;
+import java.time.temporal.Temporal;
+import java.time.temporal.TemporalAccessor;
+import java.time.temporal.TemporalField;
+import java.time.temporal.TemporalQuery;
+import java.time.temporal.ValueRange;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.ServiceLoader;

@@ -93,34 +100,34 @@
  * This class operates behind the scenes to represent the general concept of a calendar system.
  * For example, the Japanese, Minguo, Thai Buddhist and others.
  * <p>
  * Most other calendar systems also operate on the shared concepts of year, month and day,
  * linked to the cycles of the Earth around the Sun, and the Moon around the Earth.
- * These shared concepts are defined by {@link ChronoField} and are availalbe
- * for use by any {@code Chrono} implementation:
+ * These shared concepts are defined by {@link ChronoField} and are available
+ * for use by any {@code Chronology} implementation:
  * <pre>
  *   LocalDate isoDate = ...
- *   ChronoLocalDate&lt;ThaiBuddhistChrono&gt; thaiDate = ...
+ *   ChronoLocalDate&lt;ThaiBuddhistChronology&gt; thaiDate = ...
  *   int isoYear = isoDate.get(ChronoField.YEAR);
  *   int thaiYear = thaiDate.get(ChronoField.YEAR);
  * </pre>
  * As shown, although the date objects are in different calendar systems, represented by different
- * {@code Chrono} instances, both can be queried using the same constant on {@code ChronoField}.
+ * {@code Chronology} instances, both can be queried using the same constant on {@code ChronoField}.
  * For a full discussion of the implications of this, see {@link ChronoLocalDate}.
  * In general, the advice is to use the known ISO-based {@code LocalDate}, rather than
  * {@code ChronoLocalDate}.
  * <p>
- * While a {@code Chrono} object typically uses {@code ChronoField} and is based on
+ * While a {@code Chronology} object typically uses {@code ChronoField} and is based on
  * an era, year-of-era, month-of-year, day-of-month model of a date, this is not required.
- * A {@code Chrono} instance may represent a totally different kind of calendar system,
+ * A {@code Chronology} instance may represent a totally different kind of calendar system,
  * such as the Mayan.
  * <p>
- * In practical terms, the {@code Chrono} instance also acts as a factory.
+ * In practical terms, the {@code Chronology} instance also acts as a factory.
  * The {@link #of(String)} method allows an instance to be looked up by identifier,
  * while the {@link #ofLocale(Locale)} method allows lookup by locale.
  * <p>
- * The {@code Chrono} instance provides a set of methods to create {@code ChronoLocalDate} instances.
+ * The {@code Chronology} instance provides a set of methods to create {@code ChronoLocalDate} instances.
  * The date classes are used to manipulate specific dates.
  * <p><ul>
  * <li> {@link #dateNow() dateNow()}
  * <li> {@link #dateNow(Clock) dateNow(clock)}
  * <li> {@link #dateNow(ZoneId) dateNow(zone)}

@@ -129,20 +136,20 @@
  * <li> {@link #dateYearDay(int, int) dateYearDay(yearProleptic, dayOfYear)}
  * <li> {@link #dateYearDay(Era, int, int) dateYearDay(era, yearOfEra, dayOfYear)}
  * <li> {@link #date(TemporalAccessor) date(TemporalAccessor)}
  * </ul><p>
  *
- * <p id="addcalendars">Adding New Calendars</p>
+ * <h3 id="addcalendars">Adding New Calendars</h3>
  * The set of available chronologies can be extended by applications.
  * Adding a new calendar system requires the writing of an implementation of
- * {@code Chrono}, {@code ChronoLocalDate} and {@code Era}.
+ * {@code Chronology}, {@code ChronoLocalDate} and {@code Era}.
  * The majority of the logic specific to the calendar system will be in
- * {@code ChronoLocalDate}. The {@code Chrono} subclass acts as a factory.
+ * {@code ChronoLocalDate}. The {@code Chronology} subclass acts as a factory.
  * <p>
  * To permit the discovery of additional chronologies, the {@link java.util.ServiceLoader ServiceLoader}
  * is used. A file must be added to the {@code META-INF/services} directory with the
- * name 'java.time.temporal.Chrono' listing the implementation classes.
+ * name 'java.time.chrono.Chronology' listing the implementation classes.
  * See the ServiceLoader for more details on service loading.
  * For lookup by id or calendarType, the system provided calendars are found
  * first followed by application provided calendars.
  * <p>
  * Each chronology must define a chronology ID that is unique within the system.

@@ -153,134 +160,161 @@
  * <h3>Specification for implementors</h3>
  * This class must be implemented with care to ensure other classes operate correctly.
  * All implementations that can be instantiated must be final, immutable and thread-safe.
  * Subclasses should be Serializable wherever possible.
  *
- * @param <C> the type of the implementing subclass
  * @since 1.8
  */
-public abstract class Chrono<C extends Chrono<C>> implements Comparable<Chrono<?>> {
+public abstract class Chronology implements Comparable<Chronology> {
 
     /**
      * Map of available calendars by ID.
      */
-    private static final ConcurrentHashMap<String, Chrono<?>> CHRONOS_BY_ID = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+    private static final ConcurrentHashMap<String, Chronology> CHRONOS_BY_ID = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
     /**
      * Map of available calendars by calendar type.
      */
-    private static final ConcurrentHashMap<String, Chrono<?>> CHRONOS_BY_TYPE = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+    private static final ConcurrentHashMap<String, Chronology> CHRONOS_BY_TYPE = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
 
     /**
-     * Register a Chrono by ID and type for lookup by {@link #of(java.lang.String)}.
+     * Register a Chronology by ID and type for lookup by {@link #of(java.lang.String)}.
      * Chronos must not be registered until they are completely constructed.
-     * Specifically, not in the constructor of Chrono.
+     * Specifically, not in the constructor of Chronology.
      * @param chrono the chronology to register; not null
      */
-    private static void registerChrono(Chrono chrono) {
-        Chrono<?> prev = CHRONOS_BY_ID.putIfAbsent(chrono.getId(), chrono);
+    private static void registerChrono(Chronology chrono) {
+        Chronology prev = CHRONOS_BY_ID.putIfAbsent(chrono.getId(), chrono);
         if (prev == null) {
             String type = chrono.getCalendarType();
             if (type != null) {
                 CHRONOS_BY_TYPE.putIfAbsent(type, chrono);
             }
         }
     }
 
     /**
-     * Initialization of the maps from id and type to Chrono.
+     * Initialization of the maps from id and type to Chronology.
      * The ServiceLoader is used to find and register any implementations
-     * of {@link javax.time.temporal.Chrono} found in the bootclass loader.
+     * of {@link java.time.chrono.Chronology} found in the bootclass loader.
      * The built-in chronologies are registered explicitly.
      * Calendars configured via the Thread's context classloader are local
      * to that thread and are ignored.
      * <p>
      * The initialization is done only once using the registration
-     * of the ISOChrono as the test and the final step.
+     * of the IsoChronology as the test and the final step.
      * Multiple threads may perform the initialization concurrently.
-     * Only the first registration of each Chrono is retained by the
+     * Only the first registration of each Chronology is retained by the
      * ConcurrentHashMap.
      * @return true if the cache was initialized
      */
     private static boolean initCache() {
         if (CHRONOS_BY_ID.get("ISO") == null) {
             // Initialization is incomplete
             @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
-            ServiceLoader<Chrono> loader =  ServiceLoader.load(Chrono.class, null);
-            for (Chrono<?> chrono : loader) {
+            ServiceLoader<Chronology> loader =  ServiceLoader.load(Chronology.class, null);
+            for (Chronology chrono : loader) {
                 registerChrono(chrono);
             }
 
             // Register these calendars; the ServiceLoader configuration is not used
-            registerChrono(HijrahChrono.INSTANCE);
-            registerChrono(JapaneseChrono.INSTANCE);
-            registerChrono(MinguoChrono.INSTANCE);
-            registerChrono(ThaiBuddhistChrono.INSTANCE);
+            registerChrono(HijrahChronology.INSTANCE);
+            registerChrono(JapaneseChronology.INSTANCE);
+            registerChrono(MinguoChronology.INSTANCE);
+            registerChrono(ThaiBuddhistChronology.INSTANCE);
 
-            // finally, register ISOChrono to mark initialization is complete
-            registerChrono(ISOChrono.INSTANCE);
+            // finally, register IsoChronology to mark initialization is complete
+            registerChrono(IsoChronology.INSTANCE);
             return true;
         }
         return false;
     }
 
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
-     * Obtains an instance of {@code Chrono} from a temporal object.
+     * Obtains an instance of {@code Chronology} from a temporal object.
      * <p>
-     * A {@code TemporalAccessor} represents some form of date and time information.
-     * This factory converts the arbitrary temporal object to an instance of {@code Chrono}.
-     * If the specified temporal object does not have a chronology, {@link ISOChrono} is returned.
+     * This obtains a chronology based on the specified temporal.
+     * A {@code TemporalAccessor} represents an arbitrary set of date and time information,
+     * which this factory converts to an instance of {@code Chronology}.
      * <p>
-     * The conversion will obtain the chronology using {@link Queries#chrono()}.
+     * The conversion will obtain the chronology using {@link Queries#chronology()}.
+     * If the specified temporal object does not have a chronology, {@link IsoChronology} is returned.
      * <p>
      * This method matches the signature of the functional interface {@link TemporalQuery}
-     * allowing it to be used in queries via method reference, {@code Chrono::from}.
+     * allowing it to be used in queries via method reference, {@code Chronology::from}.
      *
      * @param temporal  the temporal to convert, not null
      * @return the chronology, not null
-     * @throws DateTimeException if unable to convert to an {@code Chrono}
+     * @throws DateTimeException if unable to convert to an {@code Chronology}
      */
-    public static Chrono<?> from(TemporalAccessor temporal) {
+    public static Chronology from(TemporalAccessor temporal) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(temporal, "temporal");
-        Chrono<?> obj = temporal.query(Queries.chrono());
-        return (obj != null ? obj : ISOChrono.INSTANCE);
+        Chronology obj = temporal.query(Queries.chronology());
+        return (obj != null ? obj : IsoChronology.INSTANCE);
     }
 
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
-     * Obtains an instance of {@code Chrono} from a locale.
+     * Obtains an instance of {@code Chronology} from a locale.
      * <p>
-     * The locale can be used to identify a calendar.
-     * This uses {@link Locale#getUnicodeLocaleType(String)} to obtain the "ca" key
-     * to identify the calendar system.
-     * <p>
-     * If the locale does not contain calendar system information, the standard
-     * ISO calendar system is used.
+     * This returns a {@code Chronology} based on the specified locale,
+     * typically returning {@code IsoChronology}. Other calendar systems
+     * are only returned if they are explicitly selected within the locale.
+     * <p>
+     * The {@link Locale} class provide access to a range of information useful
+     * for localizing an application. This includes the language and region,
+     * such as "en-GB" for English as used in Great Britain.
+     * <p>
+     * The {@code Locale} class also supports an extension mechanism that
+     * can be used to identify a calendar system. The mechanism is a form
+     * of key-value pairs, where the calendar system has the key "ca".
+     * For example, the locale "en-JP-u-ca-japanese" represents the English
+     * language as used in Japan with the Japanese calendar system.
+     * <p>
+     * This method finds the desired calendar system by in a manner equivalent
+     * to passing "ca" to {@link Locale#getUnicodeLocaleType(String)}.
+     * If the "ca" key is not present, then {@code IsoChronology} is returned.
+     * <p>
+     * Note that the behavior of this method differs from the older
+     * {@link java.util.Calendar#getInstance(Locale)} method.
+     * If that method receives a locale of "th_TH" it will return {@code BuddhistCalendar}.
+     * By contrast, this method will return {@code IsoChronology}.
+     * Passing the locale "th-TH-u-ca-buddhist" into either method will
+     * result in the Thai Buddhist calendar system and is therefore the
+     * recommended approach going forward for Thai calendar system localization.
+     * <p>
+     * A similar, but simpler, situation occurs for the Japanese calendar system.
+     * The locale "jp_JP_JP" has previously been used to access the calendar.
+     * However, unlike the Thai locale, "ja_JP_JP" is automatically converted by
+     * {@code Locale} to the modern and recommended form of "ja-JP-u-ca-japanese".
+     * Thus, there is no difference in behavior between this method and
+     * {@code Calendar#getInstance(Locale)}.
      *
      * @param locale  the locale to use to obtain the calendar system, not null
      * @return the calendar system associated with the locale, not null
      * @throws DateTimeException if the locale-specified calendar cannot be found
      */
-    public static Chrono<?> ofLocale(Locale locale) {
+    public static Chronology ofLocale(Locale locale) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(locale, "locale");
         String type = locale.getUnicodeLocaleType("ca");
-        if (type == null) {
-            return ISOChrono.INSTANCE;
-        } else if ("iso".equals(type) || "iso8601".equals(type)) {
-            return ISOChrono.INSTANCE;
-        } else {
-            Chrono<?> chrono = CHRONOS_BY_TYPE.get(type);
-            if (chrono == null) {
-                throw new DateTimeException("Unknown calendar system: " + type);
+        if (type == null || "iso".equals(type) || "iso8601".equals(type)) {
+            return IsoChronology.INSTANCE;
             }
+        // Not pre-defined; lookup by the type
+        do {
+            Chronology chrono = CHRONOS_BY_TYPE.get(type);
+            if (chrono != null) {
             return chrono;
         }
+            // If not found, do the initialization (once) and repeat the lookup
+        } while (initCache());
+        throw new DateTimeException("Unknown calendar system: " + type);
     }
 
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
-     * Obtains an instance of {@code Chrono} from a chronology ID or
+     * Obtains an instance of {@code Chronology} from a chronology ID or
      * calendar system type.
      * <p>
      * This returns a chronology based on either the ID or the type.
      * The {@link #getId() chronology ID} uniquely identifies the chronology.
      * The {@link #getCalendarType() calendar system type} is defined by the LDML specification.

@@ -294,156 +328,137 @@
      *
      * @param id  the chronology ID or calendar system type, not null
      * @return the chronology with the identifier requested, not null
      * @throws DateTimeException if the chronology cannot be found
      */
-    public static Chrono<?> of(String id) {
+    public static Chronology of(String id) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(id, "id");
         do {
-            Chrono chrono = of0(id);
+            Chronology chrono = of0(id);
             if (chrono != null) {
                 return chrono;
             }
             // If not found, do the initialization (once) and repeat the lookup
         } while (initCache());
 
-        // Look for a Chrono using ServiceLoader of the Thread's ContextClassLoader
+        // Look for a Chronology using ServiceLoader of the Thread's ContextClassLoader
         // Application provided Chronologies must not be cached
         @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
-        ServiceLoader<Chrono> loader = ServiceLoader.load(Chrono.class);
-        for (Chrono<?> chrono : loader) {
+        ServiceLoader<Chronology> loader = ServiceLoader.load(Chronology.class);
+        for (Chronology chrono : loader) {
             if (id.equals(chrono.getId()) || id.equals(chrono.getCalendarType())) {
                 return chrono;
             }
         }
         throw new DateTimeException("Unknown chronology: " + id);
     }
 
     /**
-     * Obtains an instance of {@code Chrono} from a chronology ID or
+     * Obtains an instance of {@code Chronology} from a chronology ID or
      * calendar system type.
      *
      * @param id  the chronology ID or calendar system type, not null
      * @return the chronology with the identifier requested, or {@code null} if not found
      */
-    private static Chrono<?> of0(String id) {
-        Chrono<?> chrono = CHRONOS_BY_ID.get(id);
+    private static Chronology of0(String id) {
+        Chronology chrono = CHRONOS_BY_ID.get(id);
         if (chrono == null) {
             chrono = CHRONOS_BY_TYPE.get(id);
         }
         return chrono;
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns the available chronologies.
      * <p>
-     * Each returned {@code Chrono} is available for use in the system.
+     * Each returned {@code Chronology} is available for use in the system.
      * The set of chronologies includes the system chronologies and
      * any chronologies provided by the application via ServiceLoader
      * configuration.
      *
      * @return the independent, modifiable set of the available chronology IDs, not null
      */
-    public static Set<Chrono<?>> getAvailableChronologies() {
+    public static Set<Chronology> getAvailableChronologies() {
         initCache();       // force initialization
-        HashSet<Chrono<?>> chronos = new HashSet<>(CHRONOS_BY_ID.values());
+        HashSet<Chronology> chronos = new HashSet(CHRONOS_BY_ID.values());
 
         /// Add in Chronologies from the ServiceLoader configuration
         @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
-        ServiceLoader<Chrono> loader = ServiceLoader.load(Chrono.class);
-        for (Chrono<?> chrono : loader) {
+        ServiceLoader<Chronology> loader = ServiceLoader.load(Chronology.class);
+        for (Chronology chrono : loader) {
             chronos.add(chrono);
         }
         return chronos;
     }
 
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
-     * Obtains a local date-time from the a date and time.
-     * <p>
-     * This combines a {@link ChronoLocalDate}, which provides the {@code Chrono},
-     * with a {@link LocalTime} to produce a {@link ChronoLocalDateTime}.
-     * <p>
-     * This method is intended for chronology implementations.
-     * It uses a standard implementation that is shared for all chronologies.
-     *
-     * @param <R>  the chronology of the date
-     * @param date  the date, not null
-     * @param time  the time, not null
-     * @return the local date-time combining the input date and time, not null
-     */
-    public static <R extends Chrono<R>> ChronoLocalDateTime<R> dateTime(ChronoLocalDate<R> date, LocalTime time) {
-        return ChronoLocalDateTimeImpl.of(date, time);
-    }
-
-    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-    /**
      * Creates an instance.
      */
-    protected Chrono() {
+    protected Chronology() {
     }
 
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
      * Casts the {@code Temporal} to {@code ChronoLocalDate} with the same chronology.
      *
      * @param temporal  a date-time to cast, not null
      * @return the date-time checked and cast to {@code ChronoLocalDate}, not null
      * @throws ClassCastException if the date-time cannot be cast to ChronoLocalDate
-     *  or the chronology is not equal this Chrono
+     *  or the chronology is not equal this Chronology
      */
-    ChronoLocalDate<C> ensureChronoLocalDate(Temporal temporal) {
+    ChronoLocalDate ensureChronoLocalDate(Temporal temporal) {
         @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-        ChronoLocalDate<C> other = (ChronoLocalDate<C>) temporal;
-        if (this.equals(other.getChrono()) == false) {
-            throw new ClassCastException("Chrono mismatch, expected: " + getId() + ", actual: " + other.getChrono().getId());
+        ChronoLocalDate other = (ChronoLocalDate) temporal;
+        if (this.equals(other.getChronology()) == false) {
+            throw new ClassCastException("Chronology mismatch, expected: " + getId() + ", actual: " + other.getChronology().getId());
         }
         return other;
     }
 
     /**
      * Casts the {@code Temporal} to {@code ChronoLocalDateTime} with the same chronology.
      *
      * @param temporal   a date-time to cast, not null
      * @return the date-time checked and cast to {@code ChronoLocalDateTime}, not null
      * @throws ClassCastException if the date-time cannot be cast to ChronoLocalDateTimeImpl
-     *  or the chronology is not equal this Chrono
+     *  or the chronology is not equal this Chronology
      */
-    ChronoLocalDateTimeImpl<C> ensureChronoLocalDateTime(Temporal temporal) {
+    ChronoLocalDateTimeImpl<?> ensureChronoLocalDateTime(Temporal temporal) {
         @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-        ChronoLocalDateTimeImpl<C> other = (ChronoLocalDateTimeImpl<C>) temporal;
-        if (this.equals(other.getDate().getChrono()) == false) {
-            throw new ClassCastException("Chrono mismatch, required: " + getId()
-                    + ", supplied: " + other.getDate().getChrono().getId());
+        ChronoLocalDateTimeImpl<?> other = (ChronoLocalDateTimeImpl<?>) temporal;
+        if (this.equals(other.toLocalDate().getChronology()) == false) {
+            throw new ClassCastException("Chronology mismatch, required: " + getId()
+                    + ", supplied: " + other.toLocalDate().getChronology().getId());
         }
         return other;
     }
 
     /**
      * Casts the {@code Temporal} to {@code ChronoZonedDateTimeImpl} with the same chronology.
      *
      * @param temporal  a date-time to cast, not null
      * @return the date-time checked and cast to {@code ChronoZonedDateTimeImpl}, not null
      * @throws ClassCastException if the date-time cannot be cast to ChronoZonedDateTimeImpl
-     *  or the chronology is not equal this Chrono
+     *  or the chronology is not equal this Chronology
      */
-    ChronoZonedDateTimeImpl<C> ensureChronoZonedDateTime(Temporal temporal) {
+    ChronoZonedDateTimeImpl<?> ensureChronoZonedDateTime(Temporal temporal) {
         @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-        ChronoZonedDateTimeImpl<C> other = (ChronoZonedDateTimeImpl<C>) temporal;
-        if (this.equals(other.getDate().getChrono()) == false) {
-            throw new ClassCastException("Chrono mismatch, required: " + getId()
-                    + ", supplied: " + other.getDate().getChrono().getId());
+        ChronoZonedDateTimeImpl<?> other = (ChronoZonedDateTimeImpl<?>) temporal;
+        if (this.equals(other.toLocalDate().getChronology()) == false) {
+            throw new ClassCastException("Chronology mismatch, required: " + getId()
+                    + ", supplied: " + other.toLocalDate().getChronology().getId());
         }
         return other;
     }
 
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
      * Gets the ID of the chronology.
      * <p>
-     * The ID uniquely identifies the {@code Chrono}.
-     * It can be used to lookup the {@code Chrono} using {@link #of(String)}.
+     * The ID uniquely identifies the {@code Chronology}.
+     * It can be used to lookup the {@code Chronology} using {@link #of(String)}.
      *
      * @return the chronology ID, not null
      * @see #getCalendarType()
      */
     public abstract String getId();

@@ -451,11 +466,11 @@
     /**
      * Gets the calendar type of the underlying calendar system.
      * <p>
      * The calendar type is an identifier defined by the
      * <em>Unicode Locale Data Markup Language (LDML)</em> specification.
-     * It can be used to lookup the {@code Chrono} using {@link #of(String)}.
+     * It can be used to lookup the {@code Chronology} using {@link #of(String)}.
      * It can also be used as part of a locale, accessible via
      * {@link Locale#getUnicodeLocaleType(String)} with the key 'ca'.
      *
      * @return the calendar system type, null if the calendar is not defined by LDML
      * @see #getId()

@@ -472,11 +487,11 @@
      * @param month  the chronology month-of-year
      * @param dayOfMonth  the chronology day-of-month
      * @return the local date in this chronology, not null
      * @throws DateTimeException if unable to create the date
      */
-    public ChronoLocalDate<C> date(Era<C> era, int yearOfEra, int month, int dayOfMonth) {
+    public ChronoLocalDate date(Era era, int yearOfEra, int month, int dayOfMonth) {
         return date(prolepticYear(era, yearOfEra), month, dayOfMonth);
     }
 
     /**
      * Obtains a local date in this chronology from the proleptic-year,

@@ -486,11 +501,11 @@
      * @param month  the chronology month-of-year
      * @param dayOfMonth  the chronology day-of-month
      * @return the local date in this chronology, not null
      * @throws DateTimeException if unable to create the date
      */
-    public abstract ChronoLocalDate<C> date(int prolepticYear, int month, int dayOfMonth);
+    public abstract ChronoLocalDate date(int prolepticYear, int month, int dayOfMonth);
 
     /**
      * Obtains a local date in this chronology from the era, year-of-era and
      * day-of-year fields.
      *

@@ -498,11 +513,11 @@
      * @param yearOfEra  the chronology year-of-era
      * @param dayOfYear  the chronology day-of-year
      * @return the local date in this chronology, not null
      * @throws DateTimeException if unable to create the date
      */
-    public ChronoLocalDate<C> dateYearDay(Era<C> era, int yearOfEra, int dayOfYear) {
+    public ChronoLocalDate dateYearDay(Era era, int yearOfEra, int dayOfYear) {
         return dateYearDay(prolepticYear(era, yearOfEra), dayOfYear);
     }
 
     /**
      * Obtains a local date in this chronology from the proleptic-year and

@@ -511,25 +526,11 @@
      * @param prolepticYear  the chronology proleptic-year
      * @param dayOfYear  the chronology day-of-year
      * @return the local date in this chronology, not null
      * @throws DateTimeException if unable to create the date
      */
-    public abstract ChronoLocalDate<C> dateYearDay(int prolepticYear, int dayOfYear);
-
-    /**
-     * Obtains a local date in this chronology from another temporal object.
-     * <p>
-     * This creates a date in this chronology based on the specified {@code TemporalAccessor}.
-     * <p>
-     * The standard mechanism for conversion between date types is the
-     * {@link ChronoField#EPOCH_DAY local epoch-day} field.
-     *
-     * @param temporal  the temporal object to convert, not null
-     * @return the local date in this chronology, not null
-     * @throws DateTimeException if unable to create the date
-     */
-    public abstract ChronoLocalDate<C> date(TemporalAccessor temporal);
+    public abstract ChronoLocalDate dateYearDay(int prolepticYear, int dayOfYear);
 
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
      * Obtains the current local date in this chronology from the system clock in the default time-zone.
      * <p>

@@ -542,11 +543,11 @@
      * This implementation uses {@link #dateNow(Clock)}.
      *
      * @return the current local date using the system clock and default time-zone, not null
      * @throws DateTimeException if unable to create the date
      */
-    public ChronoLocalDate<C> dateNow() {
+    public ChronoLocalDate dateNow() {
         return dateNow(Clock.systemDefaultZone());
     }
 
     /**
      * Obtains the current local date in this chronology from the system clock in the specified time-zone.

@@ -559,11 +560,11 @@
      *
      * @param zone  the zone ID to use, not null
      * @return the current local date using the system clock, not null
      * @throws DateTimeException if unable to create the date
      */
-    public ChronoLocalDate<C> dateNow(ZoneId zone) {
+    public ChronoLocalDate dateNow(ZoneId zone) {
         return dateNow(Clock.system(zone));
     }
 
     /**
      * Obtains the current local date in this chronology from the specified clock.

@@ -574,78 +575,113 @@
      *
      * @param clock  the clock to use, not null
      * @return the current local date, not null
      * @throws DateTimeException if unable to create the date
      */
-    public ChronoLocalDate<C> dateNow(Clock clock) {
+    public ChronoLocalDate dateNow(Clock clock) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(clock, "clock");
         return date(LocalDate.now(clock));
     }
 
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
+     * Obtains a local date in this chronology from another temporal object.
+     * <p>
+     * This creates a date in this chronology based on the specified temporal.
+     * A {@code TemporalAccessor} represents an arbitrary set of date and time information,
+     * which this factory converts to an instance of {@code ChronoLocalDate}.
+     * <p>
+     * The conversion typically uses the {@link ChronoField#EPOCH_DAY EPOCH_DAY}
+     * field, which is standardized across calendar systems.
+     * <p>
+     * This method matches the signature of the functional interface {@link TemporalQuery}
+     * allowing it to be used as a query via method reference, {@code aChronology::date}.
+     *
+     * @param temporal  the temporal object to convert, not null
+     * @return the local date in this chronology, not null
+     * @throws DateTimeException if unable to create the date
+     */
+    public abstract ChronoLocalDate date(TemporalAccessor temporal);
+
+    /**
      * Obtains a local date-time in this chronology from another temporal object.
      * <p>
-     * This creates a date-time in this chronology based on the specified {@code TemporalAccessor}.
+     * This creates a date-time in this chronology based on the specified temporal.
+     * A {@code TemporalAccessor} represents an arbitrary set of date and time information,
+     * which this factory converts to an instance of {@code ChronoLocalDateTime}.
+     * <p>
+     * The conversion extracts and combines the {@code ChronoLocalDate} and the
+     * {@code LocalTime} from the temporal object.
+     * Implementations are permitted to perform optimizations such as accessing
+     * those fields that are equivalent to the relevant objects.
+     * The result uses this chronology.
      * <p>
-     * The date of the date-time should be equivalent to that obtained by calling
-     * {@link #date(TemporalAccessor)}.
-     * The standard mechanism for conversion between time types is the
-     * {@link ChronoField#NANO_OF_DAY nano-of-day} field.
+     * This method matches the signature of the functional interface {@link TemporalQuery}
+     * allowing it to be used as a query via method reference, {@code aChronology::localDateTime}.
      *
      * @param temporal  the temporal object to convert, not null
      * @return the local date-time in this chronology, not null
      * @throws DateTimeException if unable to create the date-time
      */
-    public ChronoLocalDateTime<C> localDateTime(TemporalAccessor temporal) {
+    public ChronoLocalDateTime<?> localDateTime(TemporalAccessor temporal) {
         try {
             return date(temporal).atTime(LocalTime.from(temporal));
         } catch (DateTimeException ex) {
             throw new DateTimeException("Unable to obtain ChronoLocalDateTime from TemporalAccessor: " + temporal.getClass(), ex);
         }
     }
 
     /**
-     * Obtains a zoned date-time in this chronology from another temporal object.
+     * Obtains a {@code ChronoZonedDateTime} in this chronology from another temporal object.
      * <p>
-     * This creates a date-time in this chronology based on the specified {@code TemporalAccessor}.
+     * This creates a zoned date-time in this chronology based on the specified temporal.
+     * A {@code TemporalAccessor} represents an arbitrary set of date and time information,
+     * which this factory converts to an instance of {@code ChronoZonedDateTime}.
+     * <p>
+     * The conversion will first obtain a {@code ZoneId} from the temporal object,
+     * falling back to a {@code ZoneOffset} if necessary. It will then try to obtain
+     * an {@code Instant}, falling back to a {@code ChronoLocalDateTime} if necessary.
+     * The result will be either the combination of {@code ZoneId} or {@code ZoneOffset}
+     * with {@code Instant} or {@code ChronoLocalDateTime}.
+     * Implementations are permitted to perform optimizations such as accessing
+     * those fields that are equivalent to the relevant objects.
+     * The result uses this chronology.
      * <p>
-     * This should obtain a {@code ZoneId} using {@link ZoneId#from(TemporalAccessor)}.
-     * The date-time should be obtained by obtaining an {@code Instant}.
-     * If that fails, the local date-time should be used.
+     * This method matches the signature of the functional interface {@link TemporalQuery}
+     * allowing it to be used as a query via method reference, {@code aChronology::zonedDateTime}.
      *
      * @param temporal  the temporal object to convert, not null
      * @return the zoned date-time in this chronology, not null
      * @throws DateTimeException if unable to create the date-time
      */
-    public ChronoZonedDateTime<C> zonedDateTime(TemporalAccessor temporal) {
+    public ChronoZonedDateTime<?> zonedDateTime(TemporalAccessor temporal) {
         try {
             ZoneId zone = ZoneId.from(temporal);
             try {
                 Instant instant = Instant.from(temporal);
                 return zonedDateTime(instant, zone);
 
             } catch (DateTimeException ex1) {
-                ChronoLocalDateTimeImpl<C> cldt = ensureChronoLocalDateTime(localDateTime(temporal));
+                ChronoLocalDateTimeImpl cldt = ensureChronoLocalDateTime(localDateTime(temporal));
                 return ChronoZonedDateTimeImpl.ofBest(cldt, zone, null);
             }
         } catch (DateTimeException ex) {
             throw new DateTimeException("Unable to obtain ChronoZonedDateTime from TemporalAccessor: " + temporal.getClass(), ex);
         }
     }
 
     /**
-     * Obtains a zoned date-time in this chronology from an {@code Instant}.
+     * Obtains a {@code ChronoZonedDateTime} in this chronology from an {@code Instant}.
      * <p>
      * This creates a zoned date-time with the same instant as that specified.
      *
      * @param instant  the instant to create the date-time from, not null
      * @param zone  the time-zone, not null
      * @return the zoned date-time, not null
      * @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the supported range
      */
-    public ChronoZonedDateTime<C> zonedDateTime(Instant instant, ZoneId zone) {
+    public ChronoZonedDateTime<?> zonedDateTime(Instant instant, ZoneId zone) {
         return ChronoZonedDateTimeImpl.ofInstant(this, instant, zone);
     }
 
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**

@@ -671,11 +707,11 @@
      * @param era  the era of the correct type for the chronology, not null
      * @param yearOfEra  the chronology year-of-era
      * @return the proleptic-year
      * @throws DateTimeException if unable to convert
      */
-    public abstract int prolepticYear(Era<C> era, int yearOfEra);
+    public abstract int prolepticYear(Era era, int yearOfEra);
 
     /**
      * Creates the chronology era object from the numeric value.
      * <p>
      * The era is, conceptually, the largest division of the time-line.

@@ -692,22 +728,22 @@
      *
      * @param eraValue  the era value
      * @return the calendar system era, not null
      * @throws DateTimeException if unable to create the era
      */
-    public abstract Era<C> eraOf(int eraValue);
+    public abstract Era eraOf(int eraValue);
 
     /**
      * Gets the list of eras for the chronology.
      * <p>
      * Most calendar systems have an era, within which the year has meaning.
      * If the calendar system does not support the concept of eras, an empty
      * list must be returned.
      *
      * @return the list of eras for the chronology, may be immutable, not null
      */
-    public abstract List<Era<C>> eras();
+    public abstract List<Era> eras();
 
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
      * Gets the range of valid values for the specified field.
      * <p>

@@ -728,19 +764,20 @@
 
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
      * Gets the textual representation of this chronology.
      * <p>
-     * This returns the textual name used to identify the chronology.
+     * This returns the textual name used to identify the chronology,
+     * suitable for presentation to the user.
      * The parameters control the style of the returned text and the locale.
      *
      * @param style  the style of the text required, not null
      * @param locale  the locale to use, not null
      * @return the text value of the chronology, not null
      */
-    public String getText(TextStyle style, Locale locale) {
-        return new DateTimeFormatterBuilder().appendChronoText(style).toFormatter(locale).print(new TemporalAccessor() {
+    public String getDisplayName(TextStyle style, Locale locale) {
+        return new DateTimeFormatterBuilder().appendChronologyText(style).toFormatter(locale).format(new TemporalAccessor() {
             @Override
             public boolean isSupported(TemporalField field) {
                 return false;
             }
             @Override

@@ -748,12 +785,12 @@
                 throw new DateTimeException("Unsupported field: " + field);
             }
             @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
             @Override
             public <R> R query(TemporalQuery<R> query) {
-                if (query == Queries.chrono()) {
-                    return (R) Chrono.this;
+                if (query == Queries.chronology()) {
+                    return (R) Chronology.this;
                 }
                 return TemporalAccessor.super.query(query);
             }
         });
     }

@@ -771,31 +808,31 @@
      *
      * @param other  the other chronology to compare to, not null
      * @return the comparator value, negative if less, positive if greater
      */
     @Override
-    public int compareTo(Chrono<?> other) {
+    public int compareTo(Chronology other) {
         return getId().compareTo(other.getId());
     }
 
     /**
      * Checks if this chronology is equal to another chronology.
      * <p>
      * The comparison is based on the entire state of the object.
      * <p>
-     * The default implementation checks the type and calls {@link #compareTo(Chrono)}.
+     * The default implementation checks the type and calls {@link #compareTo(Chronology)}.
      *
      * @param obj  the object to check, null returns false
      * @return true if this is equal to the other chronology
      */
     @Override
     public boolean equals(Object obj) {
         if (this == obj) {
            return true;
         }
-        if (obj instanceof Chrono) {
-            return compareTo((Chrono<?>) obj) == 0;
+        if (obj instanceof Chronology) {
+            return compareTo((Chronology) obj) == 0;
         }
         return false;
     }
 
     /**

@@ -825,11 +862,11 @@
     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
      * Writes the object using a
      * <a href="../../../serialized-form.html#java.time.temporal.Ser">dedicated serialized form</a>.
      * <pre>
-     *  out.writeByte(7);  // identifies this as a Chrono
+     *  out.writeByte(7);  // identifies this as a Chronology
      * out.writeUTF(chronoId);
      * </pre>
      *
      * @return the instance of {@code Ser}, not null
      */

@@ -848,11 +885,11 @@
 
     void writeExternal(DataOutput out) throws IOException {
         out.writeUTF(getId());
     }
 
-    static Chrono<?> readExternal(DataInput in) throws IOException {
+    static Chronology readExternal(DataInput in) throws IOException {
         String id = in.readUTF();
-        return Chrono.of(id);
+        return Chronology.of(id);
     }
 
 }