1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2002, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * Copyright 2012, 2013 SAP AG. All rights reserved.
   4  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   5  *
   6  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   7  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   8  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   9  *
  10  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  11  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  12  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  13  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  14  * accompanied this code).
  15  *
  16  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  17  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  18  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  19  *
  20  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  21  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  22  * questions.
  23  *
  24  */
  25 
  26 #ifndef CPU_PPC_VM_ASSEMBLER_PPC_HPP
  27 #define CPU_PPC_VM_ASSEMBLER_PPC_HPP
  28 
  29 #include "asm/register.hpp"
  30 
  31 // Address is an abstraction used to represent a memory location
  32 // as used in assembler instructions.
  33 // PPC instructions grok either baseReg + indexReg or baseReg + disp.
  34 // So far we do not use this as simplification by this class is low
  35 // on PPC with its simple addressing mode. Use RegisterOrConstant to
  36 // represent an offset.
  37 class Address VALUE_OBJ_CLASS_SPEC {
  38 };
  39 
  40 class AddressLiteral VALUE_OBJ_CLASS_SPEC {
  41  private:
  42   address          _address;
  43   RelocationHolder _rspec;
  44 
  45   RelocationHolder rspec_from_rtype(relocInfo::relocType rtype, address addr) {
  46     switch (rtype) {
  47     case relocInfo::external_word_type:
  48       return external_word_Relocation::spec(addr);
  49     case relocInfo::internal_word_type:
  50       return internal_word_Relocation::spec(addr);
  51     case relocInfo::opt_virtual_call_type:
  52       return opt_virtual_call_Relocation::spec();
  53     case relocInfo::static_call_type:
  54       return static_call_Relocation::spec();
  55     case relocInfo::runtime_call_type:
  56       return runtime_call_Relocation::spec();
  57     case relocInfo::none:
  58       return RelocationHolder();
  59     default:
  60       ShouldNotReachHere();
  61       return RelocationHolder();
  62     }
  63   }
  64 
  65  protected:
  66   // creation
  67   AddressLiteral() : _address(NULL), _rspec(NULL) {}
  68 
  69  public:
  70   AddressLiteral(address addr, RelocationHolder const& rspec)
  71     : _address(addr),
  72       _rspec(rspec) {}
  73 
  74   AddressLiteral(address addr, relocInfo::relocType rtype = relocInfo::none)
  75     : _address((address) addr),
  76       _rspec(rspec_from_rtype(rtype, (address) addr)) {}
  77 
  78   AddressLiteral(oop* addr, relocInfo::relocType rtype = relocInfo::none)
  79     : _address((address) addr),
  80       _rspec(rspec_from_rtype(rtype, (address) addr)) {}
  81 
  82   intptr_t value() const { return (intptr_t) _address; }
  83 
  84   const RelocationHolder& rspec() const { return _rspec; }
  85 };
  86 
  87 // Argument is an abstraction used to represent an outgoing
  88 // actual argument or an incoming formal parameter, whether
  89 // it resides in memory or in a register, in a manner consistent
  90 // with the PPC Application Binary Interface, or ABI. This is
  91 // often referred to as the native or C calling convention.
  92 
  93 class Argument VALUE_OBJ_CLASS_SPEC {
  94  private:
  95   int _number;  // The number of the argument.
  96  public:
  97   enum {
  98     // Only 8 registers may contain integer parameters.
  99     n_register_parameters = 8,
 100     // Can have up to 8 floating registers.
 101     n_float_register_parameters = 8,
 102 
 103     // PPC C calling conventions.
 104     // The first eight arguments are passed in int regs if they are int.
 105     n_int_register_parameters_c = 8,
 106     // The first thirteen float arguments are passed in float regs.
 107     n_float_register_parameters_c = 13,
 108     // Only the first 8 parameters are not placed on the stack. Aix disassembly
 109     // shows that xlC places all float args after argument 8 on the stack AND
 110     // in a register. This is not documented, but we follow this convention, too.
 111     n_regs_not_on_stack_c = 8,
 112   };
 113   // creation
 114   Argument(int number) : _number(number) {}
 115 
 116   int  number() const { return _number; }
 117 
 118   // Locating register-based arguments:
 119   bool is_register() const { return _number < n_register_parameters; }
 120 
 121   Register as_register() const {
 122     assert(is_register(), "must be a register argument");
 123     return as_Register(number() + R3_ARG1->encoding());
 124   }
 125 };
 126 
 127 #if !defined(ABI_ELFv2)
 128 // A ppc64 function descriptor.
 129 struct FunctionDescriptor VALUE_OBJ_CLASS_SPEC {
 130  private:
 131   address _entry;
 132   address _toc;
 133   address _env;
 134 
 135  public:
 136   inline address entry() const { return _entry; }
 137   inline address toc()   const { return _toc; }
 138   inline address env()   const { return _env; }
 139 
 140   inline void set_entry(address entry) { _entry = entry; }
 141   inline void set_toc(  address toc)   { _toc   = toc; }
 142   inline void set_env(  address env)   { _env   = env; }
 143 
 144   inline static ByteSize entry_offset() { return byte_offset_of(FunctionDescriptor, _entry); }
 145   inline static ByteSize toc_offset()   { return byte_offset_of(FunctionDescriptor, _toc); }
 146   inline static ByteSize env_offset()   { return byte_offset_of(FunctionDescriptor, _env); }
 147 
 148   // Friend functions can be called without loading toc and env.
 149   enum {
 150     friend_toc = 0xcafe,
 151     friend_env = 0xc0de
 152   };
 153 
 154   inline bool is_friend_function() const {
 155     return (toc() == (address) friend_toc) && (env() == (address) friend_env);
 156   }
 157 
 158   // Constructor for stack-allocated instances.
 159   FunctionDescriptor() {
 160     _entry = (address) 0xbad;
 161     _toc   = (address) 0xbad;
 162     _env   = (address) 0xbad;
 163   }
 164 };
 165 #endif
 166 
 167 class Assembler : public AbstractAssembler {
 168  protected:
 169   // Displacement routines
 170   static void print_instruction(int inst);
 171   static int  patched_branch(int dest_pos, int inst, int inst_pos);
 172   static int  branch_destination(int inst, int pos);
 173 
 174   friend class AbstractAssembler;
 175 
 176   // Code patchers need various routines like inv_wdisp()
 177   friend class NativeInstruction;
 178   friend class NativeGeneralJump;
 179   friend class Relocation;
 180 
 181  public:
 182 
 183   enum shifts {
 184     XO_21_29_SHIFT = 2,
 185     XO_21_30_SHIFT = 1,
 186     XO_27_29_SHIFT = 2,
 187     XO_30_31_SHIFT = 0,
 188     SPR_5_9_SHIFT  = 11u, // SPR_5_9 field in bits 11 -- 15
 189     SPR_0_4_SHIFT  = 16u, // SPR_0_4 field in bits 16 -- 20
 190     RS_SHIFT       = 21u, // RS field in bits 21 -- 25
 191     OPCODE_SHIFT   = 26u, // opcode in bits 26 -- 31
 192   };
 193 
 194   enum opcdxos_masks {
 195     XL_FORM_OPCODE_MASK = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT) | (1023u << 1),
 196     ADDI_OPCODE_MASK    = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
 197     ADDIS_OPCODE_MASK   = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
 198     BXX_OPCODE_MASK     = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
 199     BCXX_OPCODE_MASK    = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
 200     // trap instructions
 201     TDI_OPCODE_MASK     = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
 202     TWI_OPCODE_MASK     = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
 203     TD_OPCODE_MASK      = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT) | (1023u << 1),
 204     TW_OPCODE_MASK      = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT) | (1023u << 1),
 205     LD_OPCODE_MASK      = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT) | (3u << XO_30_31_SHIFT), // DS-FORM
 206     STD_OPCODE_MASK     = LD_OPCODE_MASK,
 207     STDU_OPCODE_MASK    = STD_OPCODE_MASK,
 208     STDX_OPCODE_MASK    = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT) | (1023u << 1),
 209     STDUX_OPCODE_MASK   = STDX_OPCODE_MASK,
 210     STW_OPCODE_MASK     = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
 211     STWU_OPCODE_MASK    = STW_OPCODE_MASK,
 212     STWX_OPCODE_MASK    = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT) | (1023u << 1),
 213     STWUX_OPCODE_MASK   = STWX_OPCODE_MASK,
 214     MTCTR_OPCODE_MASK   = ~(31u << RS_SHIFT),
 215     ORI_OPCODE_MASK     = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
 216     ORIS_OPCODE_MASK    = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
 217     RLDICR_OPCODE_MASK  = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT) | (7u << XO_27_29_SHIFT)
 218   };
 219 
 220   enum opcdxos {
 221     ADD_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 266u << 1),
 222     ADDC_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  10u << 1),
 223     ADDI_OPCODE   = (14u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
 224     ADDIS_OPCODE  = (15u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
 225     ADDIC__OPCODE = (13u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
 226     ADDE_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 138u << 1),
 227     SUBF_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  40u << 1),
 228     SUBFC_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   8u << 1),
 229     SUBFE_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 136u << 1),
 230     SUBFIC_OPCODE = (8u  << OPCODE_SHIFT),
 231     SUBFZE_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 200u << 1),
 232     DIVW_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 491u << 1),
 233     MULLW_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 235u << 1),
 234     MULHW_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  75u << 1),
 235     MULHWU_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  11u << 1),
 236     MULLI_OPCODE  = (7u  << OPCODE_SHIFT),
 237     AND_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  28u << 1),
 238     ANDI_OPCODE   = (28u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
 239     ANDIS_OPCODE  = (29u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
 240     ANDC_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  60u << 1),
 241     ORC_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 412u << 1),
 242     OR_OPCODE     = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 444u << 1),
 243     ORI_OPCODE    = (24u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
 244     ORIS_OPCODE   = (25u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
 245     XOR_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 316u << 1),
 246     XORI_OPCODE   = (26u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
 247     XORIS_OPCODE  = (27u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
 248 
 249     NEG_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 104u << 1),
 250 
 251     RLWINM_OPCODE = (21u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
 252     CLRRWI_OPCODE = RLWINM_OPCODE,
 253     CLRLWI_OPCODE = RLWINM_OPCODE,
 254 
 255     RLWIMI_OPCODE = (20u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
 256 
 257     SLW_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  24u << 1),
 258     SLWI_OPCODE   = RLWINM_OPCODE,
 259     SRW_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 536u << 1),
 260     SRWI_OPCODE   = RLWINM_OPCODE,
 261     SRAW_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 792u << 1),
 262     SRAWI_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 824u << 1),
 263 
 264     CMP_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   0u << 1),
 265     CMPI_OPCODE   = (11u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
 266     CMPL_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  32u << 1),
 267     CMPLI_OPCODE  = (10u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
 268 
 269     ISEL_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  15u << 1),
 270 
 271     // Special purpose registers
 272     MTSPR_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 467u << 1),
 273     MFSPR_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 339u << 1),
 274 
 275     MTXER_OPCODE  = (MTSPR_OPCODE | 1 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
 276     MFXER_OPCODE  = (MFSPR_OPCODE | 1 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
 277 
 278     MTDSCR_OPCODE = (MTSPR_OPCODE | 3 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
 279     MFDSCR_OPCODE = (MFSPR_OPCODE | 3 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
 280 
 281     MTLR_OPCODE   = (MTSPR_OPCODE | 8 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
 282     MFLR_OPCODE   = (MFSPR_OPCODE | 8 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
 283 
 284     MTCTR_OPCODE  = (MTSPR_OPCODE | 9 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
 285     MFCTR_OPCODE  = (MFSPR_OPCODE | 9 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
 286 
 287     MTTFHAR_OPCODE   = (MTSPR_OPCODE | 128 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
 288     MFTFHAR_OPCODE   = (MFSPR_OPCODE | 128 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
 289     MTTFIAR_OPCODE   = (MTSPR_OPCODE | 129 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
 290     MFTFIAR_OPCODE   = (MFSPR_OPCODE | 129 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
 291     MTTEXASR_OPCODE  = (MTSPR_OPCODE | 130 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
 292     MFTEXASR_OPCODE  = (MFSPR_OPCODE | 130 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
 293     MTTEXASRU_OPCODE = (MTSPR_OPCODE | 131 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
 294     MFTEXASRU_OPCODE = (MFSPR_OPCODE | 131 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
 295 
 296     MTVRSAVE_OPCODE  = (MTSPR_OPCODE | 256 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
 297     MFVRSAVE_OPCODE  = (MFSPR_OPCODE | 256 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
 298 
 299     MFTB_OPCODE   = (MFSPR_OPCODE | 268 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
 300 
 301     MTCRF_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 144u << 1),
 302     MFCR_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 19u << 1),
 303     MCRF_OPCODE   = (19u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 0u << 1),
 304 
 305     // condition register logic instructions
 306     CRAND_OPCODE  = (19u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 257u << 1),
 307     CRNAND_OPCODE = (19u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 225u << 1),
 308     CROR_OPCODE   = (19u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 449u << 1),
 309     CRXOR_OPCODE  = (19u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 193u << 1),
 310     CRNOR_OPCODE  = (19u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  33u << 1),
 311     CREQV_OPCODE  = (19u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 289u << 1),
 312     CRANDC_OPCODE = (19u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 129u << 1),
 313     CRORC_OPCODE  = (19u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 417u << 1),
 314 
 315     BCLR_OPCODE   = (19u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 16u << 1),
 316     BXX_OPCODE      = (18u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
 317     BCXX_OPCODE     = (16u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
 318 
 319     // CTR-related opcodes
 320     BCCTR_OPCODE  = (19u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 528u << 1),
 321 
 322     LWZ_OPCODE   = (32u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
 323     LWZX_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  23u << 1),
 324     LWZU_OPCODE  = (33u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
 325     LWBRX_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  534 << 1),
 326 
 327     LHA_OPCODE   = (42u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
 328     LHAX_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 343u << 1),
 329     LHAU_OPCODE  = (43u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
 330 
 331     LHZ_OPCODE   = (40u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
 332     LHZX_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 279u << 1),
 333     LHZU_OPCODE  = (41u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
 334     LHBRX_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  790 << 1),
 335 
 336     LBZ_OPCODE   = (34u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
 337     LBZX_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  87u << 1),
 338     LBZU_OPCODE  = (35u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
 339 
 340     STW_OPCODE   = (36u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
 341     STWX_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 151u << 1),
 342     STWU_OPCODE  = (37u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
 343     STWUX_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 183u << 1),
 344 
 345     STH_OPCODE   = (44u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
 346     STHX_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 407u << 1),
 347     STHU_OPCODE  = (45u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
 348 
 349     STB_OPCODE   = (38u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
 350     STBX_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 215u << 1),
 351     STBU_OPCODE  = (39u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
 352 
 353     EXTSB_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 954u << 1),
 354     EXTSH_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 922u << 1),
 355     EXTSW_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 986u << 1),               // X-FORM
 356 
 357     // 32 bit opcode encodings
 358 
 359     LWA_OPCODE    = (58u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   2u << XO_30_31_SHIFT), // DS-FORM
 360     LWAX_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 341u << XO_21_30_SHIFT), // X-FORM
 361 
 362     CNTLZW_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  26u << XO_21_30_SHIFT), // X-FORM
 363 
 364     // 64 bit opcode encodings
 365 
 366     LD_OPCODE     = (58u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   0u << XO_30_31_SHIFT), // DS-FORM
 367     LDU_OPCODE    = (58u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   1u << XO_30_31_SHIFT), // DS-FORM
 368     LDX_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  21u << XO_21_30_SHIFT), // X-FORM
 369 
 370     STD_OPCODE    = (62u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   0u << XO_30_31_SHIFT), // DS-FORM
 371     STDU_OPCODE   = (62u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   1u << XO_30_31_SHIFT), // DS-FORM
 372     STDUX_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 181u << 1),                  // X-FORM
 373     STDX_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 149u << XO_21_30_SHIFT), // X-FORM
 374 
 375     RLDICR_OPCODE = (30u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   1u << XO_27_29_SHIFT), // MD-FORM
 376     RLDICL_OPCODE = (30u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   0u << XO_27_29_SHIFT), // MD-FORM
 377     RLDIC_OPCODE  = (30u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   2u << XO_27_29_SHIFT), // MD-FORM
 378     RLDIMI_OPCODE = (30u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   3u << XO_27_29_SHIFT), // MD-FORM
 379 
 380     SRADI_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 413u << XO_21_29_SHIFT), // XS-FORM
 381 
 382     SLD_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  27u << 1),              // X-FORM
 383     SRD_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 539u << 1),              // X-FORM
 384     SRAD_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 794u << 1),              // X-FORM
 385 
 386     MULLD_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 233u << 1),              // XO-FORM
 387     MULHD_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  73u << 1),              // XO-FORM
 388     MULHDU_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   9u << 1),              // XO-FORM
 389     DIVD_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 489u << 1),              // XO-FORM
 390 
 391     CNTLZD_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  58u << XO_21_30_SHIFT), // X-FORM
 392     NAND_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 476u << XO_21_30_SHIFT), // X-FORM
 393     NOR_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 124u << XO_21_30_SHIFT), // X-FORM
 394 
 395 
 396     // opcodes only used for floating arithmetic
 397     FADD_OPCODE   = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  21u << 1),
 398     FADDS_OPCODE  = (59u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  21u << 1),
 399     FCMPU_OPCODE  = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  00u << 1),
 400     FDIV_OPCODE   = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  18u << 1),
 401     FDIVS_OPCODE  = (59u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  18u << 1),
 402     FMR_OPCODE    = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  72u << 1),
 403     // These are special Power6 opcodes, reused for "lfdepx" and "stfdepx"
 404     // on Power7.  Do not use.
 405     // MFFGPR_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 607u << 1),
 406     // MFTGPR_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 735u << 1),
 407     CMPB_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  508  << 1),
 408     POPCNTB_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  122  << 1),
 409     POPCNTW_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  378  << 1),
 410     POPCNTD_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  506  << 1),
 411     FABS_OPCODE    = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  264u << 1),
 412     FNABS_OPCODE   = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  136u << 1),
 413     FMUL_OPCODE    = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   25u << 1),
 414     FMULS_OPCODE   = (59u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   25u << 1),
 415     FNEG_OPCODE    = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   40u << 1),
 416     FSUB_OPCODE    = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   20u << 1),
 417     FSUBS_OPCODE   = (59u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   20u << 1),
 418 
 419     // PPC64-internal FPU conversion opcodes
 420     FCFID_OPCODE   = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  846u << 1),
 421     FCFIDS_OPCODE  = (59u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  846u << 1),
 422     FCTID_OPCODE   = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  814u << 1),
 423     FCTIDZ_OPCODE  = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  815u << 1),
 424     FCTIW_OPCODE   = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   14u << 1),
 425     FCTIWZ_OPCODE  = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   15u << 1),
 426     FRSP_OPCODE    = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   12u << 1),
 427 
 428     // WARNING: using fmadd results in a non-compliant vm. Some floating
 429     // point tck tests will fail.
 430     FMADD_OPCODE   = (59u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   29u << 1),
 431     DMADD_OPCODE   = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   29u << 1),
 432     FMSUB_OPCODE   = (59u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   28u << 1),
 433     DMSUB_OPCODE   = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   28u << 1),
 434     FNMADD_OPCODE  = (59u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   31u << 1),
 435     DNMADD_OPCODE  = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   31u << 1),
 436     FNMSUB_OPCODE  = (59u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   30u << 1),
 437     DNMSUB_OPCODE  = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   30u << 1),
 438 
 439     LFD_OPCODE     = (50u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   00u << 1),
 440     LFDU_OPCODE    = (51u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   00u << 1),
 441     LFDX_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  599u << 1),
 442     LFS_OPCODE     = (48u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   00u << 1),
 443     LFSU_OPCODE    = (49u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   00u << 1),
 444     LFSX_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  535u << 1),
 445 
 446     STFD_OPCODE    = (54u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   00u << 1),
 447     STFDU_OPCODE   = (55u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   00u << 1),
 448     STFDX_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  727u << 1),
 449     STFS_OPCODE    = (52u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   00u << 1),
 450     STFSU_OPCODE   = (53u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   00u << 1),
 451     STFSX_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  663u << 1),
 452 
 453     FSQRT_OPCODE   = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   22u << 1),            // A-FORM
 454     FSQRTS_OPCODE  = (59u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   22u << 1),            // A-FORM
 455 
 456     // Vector instruction support for >= Power6
 457     // Vector Storage Access
 458     LVEBX_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |    7u << 1),
 459     LVEHX_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   39u << 1),
 460     LVEWX_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   71u << 1),
 461     LVX_OPCODE     = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  103u << 1),
 462     LVXL_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  359u << 1),
 463     STVEBX_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  135u << 1),
 464     STVEHX_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  167u << 1),
 465     STVEWX_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  199u << 1),
 466     STVX_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  231u << 1),
 467     STVXL_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  487u << 1),
 468     LVSL_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |    6u << 1),
 469     LVSR_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   38u << 1),
 470 
 471     // Vector Permute and Formatting
 472     VPKPX_OPCODE   = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  782u     ),
 473     VPKSHSS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  398u     ),
 474     VPKSWSS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  462u     ),
 475     VPKSHUS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  270u     ),
 476     VPKSWUS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  334u     ),
 477     VPKUHUM_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   14u     ),
 478     VPKUWUM_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   78u     ),
 479     VPKUHUS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  142u     ),
 480     VPKUWUS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  206u     ),
 481     VUPKHPX_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  846u     ),
 482     VUPKHSB_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  526u     ),
 483     VUPKHSH_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  590u     ),
 484     VUPKLPX_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  974u     ),
 485     VUPKLSB_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  654u     ),
 486     VUPKLSH_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  718u     ),
 487 
 488     VMRGHB_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   12u     ),
 489     VMRGHW_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  140u     ),
 490     VMRGHH_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   76u     ),
 491     VMRGLB_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  268u     ),
 492     VMRGLW_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  396u     ),
 493     VMRGLH_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  332u     ),
 494 
 495     VSPLT_OPCODE   = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  524u     ),
 496     VSPLTH_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  588u     ),
 497     VSPLTW_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  652u     ),
 498     VSPLTISB_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  780u     ),
 499     VSPLTISH_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  844u     ),
 500     VSPLTISW_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  908u     ),
 501 
 502     VPERM_OPCODE   = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   43u     ),
 503     VSEL_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   42u     ),
 504 
 505     VSL_OPCODE     = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  452u     ),
 506     VSLDOI_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   44u     ),
 507     VSLO_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1036u     ),
 508     VSR_OPCODE     = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  708u     ),
 509     VSRO_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1100u     ),
 510 
 511     // Vector Integer
 512     VADDCUW_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  384u     ),
 513     VADDSHS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  832u     ),
 514     VADDSBS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  768u     ),
 515     VADDSWS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  896u     ),
 516     VADDUBM_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |    0u     ),
 517     VADDUWM_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  128u     ),
 518     VADDUHM_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   64u     ),
 519     VADDUBS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  512u     ),
 520     VADDUWS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  640u     ),
 521     VADDUHS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  576u     ),
 522     VSUBCUW_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1408u     ),
 523     VSUBSHS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1856u     ),
 524     VSUBSBS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1792u     ),
 525     VSUBSWS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1920u     ),
 526     VSUBUBM_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1024u     ),
 527     VSUBUWM_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1152u     ),
 528     VSUBUHM_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1088u     ),
 529     VSUBUBS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1536u     ),
 530     VSUBUWS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1664u     ),
 531     VSUBUHS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1600u     ),
 532 
 533     VMULESB_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  776u     ),
 534     VMULEUB_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  520u     ),
 535     VMULESH_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  840u     ),
 536     VMULEUH_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  584u     ),
 537     VMULOSB_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  264u     ),
 538     VMULOUB_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |    8u     ),
 539     VMULOSH_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  328u     ),
 540     VMULOUH_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   72u     ),
 541     VMHADDSHS_OPCODE=(4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   32u     ),
 542     VMHRADDSHS_OPCODE=(4u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   33u     ),
 543     VMLADDUHM_OPCODE=(4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   34u     ),
 544     VMSUBUHM_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   36u     ),
 545     VMSUMMBM_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   37u     ),
 546     VMSUMSHM_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   40u     ),
 547     VMSUMSHS_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   41u     ),
 548     VMSUMUHM_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   38u     ),
 549     VMSUMUHS_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   39u     ),
 550 
 551     VSUMSWS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1928u     ),
 552     VSUM2SWS_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1672u     ),
 553     VSUM4SBS_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1800u     ),
 554     VSUM4UBS_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1544u     ),
 555     VSUM4SHS_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1608u     ),
 556 
 557     VAVGSB_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1282u     ),
 558     VAVGSW_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1410u     ),
 559     VAVGSH_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1346u     ),
 560     VAVGUB_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1026u     ),
 561     VAVGUW_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1154u     ),
 562     VAVGUH_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1090u     ),
 563 
 564     VMAXSB_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  258u     ),
 565     VMAXSW_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  386u     ),
 566     VMAXSH_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  322u     ),
 567     VMAXUB_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |    2u     ),
 568     VMAXUW_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  130u     ),
 569     VMAXUH_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   66u     ),
 570     VMINSB_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  770u     ),
 571     VMINSW_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  898u     ),
 572     VMINSH_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  834u     ),
 573     VMINUB_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  514u     ),
 574     VMINUW_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  642u     ),
 575     VMINUH_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  578u     ),
 576 
 577     VCMPEQUB_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |    6u     ),
 578     VCMPEQUH_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   70u     ),
 579     VCMPEQUW_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  134u     ),
 580     VCMPGTSH_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  838u     ),
 581     VCMPGTSB_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  774u     ),
 582     VCMPGTSW_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  902u     ),
 583     VCMPGTUB_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  518u     ),
 584     VCMPGTUH_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  582u     ),
 585     VCMPGTUW_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  646u     ),
 586 
 587     VAND_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1028u     ),
 588     VANDC_OPCODE   = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1092u     ),
 589     VNOR_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1284u     ),
 590     VOR_OPCODE     = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1156u     ),
 591     VXOR_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1220u     ),
 592     VRLD_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  196u     ),
 593     VRLB_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |    4u     ),
 594     VRLW_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  132u     ),
 595     VRLH_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   68u     ),
 596     VSLB_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  260u     ),
 597     VSKW_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  388u     ),
 598     VSLH_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  324u     ),
 599     VSRB_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  516u     ),
 600     VSRW_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  644u     ),
 601     VSRH_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  580u     ),
 602     VSRAB_OPCODE   = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  772u     ),
 603     VSRAW_OPCODE   = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  900u     ),
 604     VSRAH_OPCODE   = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  836u     ),
 605 
 606     // Vector Floating-Point
 607     // not implemented yet
 608 
 609     // Vector Status and Control
 610     MTVSCR_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1604u     ),
 611     MFVSCR_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1540u     ),
 612 
 613     // AES (introduced with Power 8)
 614     VCIPHER_OPCODE      = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1288u),
 615     VCIPHERLAST_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1289u),
 616     VNCIPHER_OPCODE     = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1352u),
 617     VNCIPHERLAST_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1353u),
 618     VSBOX_OPCODE        = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1480u),
 619 
 620     // SHA (introduced with Power 8)
 621     VSHASIGMAD_OPCODE   = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1730u),
 622     VSHASIGMAW_OPCODE   = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1666u),
 623 
 624     // Vector Binary Polynomial Multiplication (introduced with Power 8)
 625     VPMSUMB_OPCODE      = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1032u),
 626     VPMSUMD_OPCODE      = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1224u),
 627     VPMSUMH_OPCODE      = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1096u),
 628     VPMSUMW_OPCODE      = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1160u),
 629 
 630     // Vector Permute and Xor (introduced with Power 8)
 631     VPERMXOR_OPCODE     = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   45u),
 632 
 633     // Transactional Memory instructions (introduced with Power 8)
 634     TBEGIN_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  654u << 1),
 635     TEND_OPCODE      = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  686u << 1),
 636     TABORT_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  910u << 1),
 637     TABORTWC_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  782u << 1),
 638     TABORTWCI_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  846u << 1),
 639     TABORTDC_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  814u << 1),
 640     TABORTDCI_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  878u << 1),
 641     TSR_OPCODE       = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  750u << 1),
 642     TCHECK_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  718u << 1),
 643 
 644     // Icache and dcache related instructions
 645     DCBA_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  758u << 1),
 646     DCBZ_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1014u << 1),
 647     DCBST_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   54u << 1),
 648     DCBF_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   86u << 1),
 649 
 650     DCBT_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  278u << 1),
 651     DCBTST_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  246u << 1),
 652     ICBI_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  982u << 1),
 653 
 654     // Instruction synchronization
 655     ISYNC_OPCODE   = (19u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  150u << 1),
 656     // Memory barriers
 657     SYNC_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  598u << 1),
 658     EIEIO_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  854u << 1),
 659 
 660     // Trap instructions
 661     TDI_OPCODE     = (2u  << OPCODE_SHIFT),
 662     TWI_OPCODE     = (3u  << OPCODE_SHIFT),
 663     TD_OPCODE      = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   68u << 1),
 664     TW_OPCODE      = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |    4u << 1),
 665 
 666     // Atomics.
 667     LWARX_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   20u << 1),
 668     LDARX_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   84u << 1),
 669     STWCX_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  150u << 1),
 670     STDCX_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  214u << 1)
 671 
 672   };
 673 
 674   // Trap instructions TO bits
 675   enum trap_to_bits {
 676     // single bits
 677     traptoLessThanSigned      = 1 << 4, // 0, left end
 678     traptoGreaterThanSigned   = 1 << 3,
 679     traptoEqual               = 1 << 2,
 680     traptoLessThanUnsigned    = 1 << 1,
 681     traptoGreaterThanUnsigned = 1 << 0, // 4, right end
 682 
 683     // compound ones
 684     traptoUnconditional       = (traptoLessThanSigned |
 685                                  traptoGreaterThanSigned |
 686                                  traptoEqual |
 687                                  traptoLessThanUnsigned |
 688                                  traptoGreaterThanUnsigned)
 689   };
 690 
 691   // Branch hints BH field
 692   enum branch_hint_bh {
 693     // bclr cases:
 694     bhintbhBCLRisReturn            = 0,
 695     bhintbhBCLRisNotReturnButSame  = 1,
 696     bhintbhBCLRisNotPredictable    = 3,
 697 
 698     // bcctr cases:
 699     bhintbhBCCTRisNotReturnButSame = 0,
 700     bhintbhBCCTRisNotPredictable   = 3
 701   };
 702 
 703   // Branch prediction hints AT field
 704   enum branch_hint_at {
 705     bhintatNoHint     = 0,  // at=00
 706     bhintatIsNotTaken = 2,  // at=10
 707     bhintatIsTaken    = 3   // at=11
 708   };
 709 
 710   // Branch prediction hints
 711   enum branch_hint_concept {
 712     // Use the same encoding as branch_hint_at to simply code.
 713     bhintNoHint       = bhintatNoHint,
 714     bhintIsNotTaken   = bhintatIsNotTaken,
 715     bhintIsTaken      = bhintatIsTaken
 716   };
 717 
 718   // Used in BO field of branch instruction.
 719   enum branch_condition {
 720     bcondCRbiIs0      =  4, // bo=001at
 721     bcondCRbiIs1      = 12, // bo=011at
 722     bcondAlways       = 20  // bo=10100
 723   };
 724 
 725   // Branch condition with combined prediction hints.
 726   enum branch_condition_with_hint {
 727     bcondCRbiIs0_bhintNoHint     = bcondCRbiIs0 | bhintatNoHint,
 728     bcondCRbiIs0_bhintIsNotTaken = bcondCRbiIs0 | bhintatIsNotTaken,
 729     bcondCRbiIs0_bhintIsTaken    = bcondCRbiIs0 | bhintatIsTaken,
 730     bcondCRbiIs1_bhintNoHint     = bcondCRbiIs1 | bhintatNoHint,
 731     bcondCRbiIs1_bhintIsNotTaken = bcondCRbiIs1 | bhintatIsNotTaken,
 732     bcondCRbiIs1_bhintIsTaken    = bcondCRbiIs1 | bhintatIsTaken,
 733   };
 734 
 735   // Elemental Memory Barriers (>=Power 8)
 736   enum Elemental_Membar_mask_bits {
 737     StoreStore = 1 << 0,
 738     StoreLoad  = 1 << 1,
 739     LoadStore  = 1 << 2,
 740     LoadLoad   = 1 << 3
 741   };
 742 
 743   // Branch prediction hints.
 744   inline static int add_bhint_to_boint(const int bhint, const int boint) {
 745     switch (boint) {
 746       case bcondCRbiIs0:
 747       case bcondCRbiIs1:
 748         // branch_hint and branch_hint_at have same encodings
 749         assert(   (int)bhintNoHint     == (int)bhintatNoHint
 750                && (int)bhintIsNotTaken == (int)bhintatIsNotTaken
 751                && (int)bhintIsTaken    == (int)bhintatIsTaken,
 752                "wrong encodings");
 753         assert((bhint & 0x03) == bhint, "wrong encodings");
 754         return (boint & ~0x03) | bhint;
 755       case bcondAlways:
 756         // no branch_hint
 757         return boint;
 758       default:
 759         ShouldNotReachHere();
 760         return 0;
 761     }
 762   }
 763 
 764   // Extract bcond from boint.
 765   inline static int inv_boint_bcond(const int boint) {
 766     int r_bcond = boint & ~0x03;
 767     assert(r_bcond == bcondCRbiIs0 ||
 768            r_bcond == bcondCRbiIs1 ||
 769            r_bcond == bcondAlways,
 770            "bad branch condition");
 771     return r_bcond;
 772   }
 773 
 774   // Extract bhint from boint.
 775   inline static int inv_boint_bhint(const int boint) {
 776     int r_bhint = boint & 0x03;
 777     assert(r_bhint == bhintatNoHint ||
 778            r_bhint == bhintatIsNotTaken ||
 779            r_bhint == bhintatIsTaken,
 780            "bad branch hint");
 781     return r_bhint;
 782   }
 783 
 784   // Calculate opposite of given bcond.
 785   inline static int opposite_bcond(const int bcond) {
 786     switch (bcond) {
 787       case bcondCRbiIs0:
 788         return bcondCRbiIs1;
 789       case bcondCRbiIs1:
 790         return bcondCRbiIs0;
 791       default:
 792         ShouldNotReachHere();
 793         return 0;
 794     }
 795   }
 796 
 797   // Calculate opposite of given bhint.
 798   inline static int opposite_bhint(const int bhint) {
 799     switch (bhint) {
 800       case bhintatNoHint:
 801         return bhintatNoHint;
 802       case bhintatIsNotTaken:
 803         return bhintatIsTaken;
 804       case bhintatIsTaken:
 805         return bhintatIsNotTaken;
 806       default:
 807         ShouldNotReachHere();
 808         return 0;
 809     }
 810   }
 811 
 812   // PPC branch instructions
 813   enum ppcops {
 814     b_op    = 18,
 815     bc_op   = 16,
 816     bcr_op  = 19
 817   };
 818 
 819   enum Condition {
 820     negative         = 0,
 821     less             = 0,
 822     positive         = 1,
 823     greater          = 1,
 824     zero             = 2,
 825     equal            = 2,
 826     summary_overflow = 3,
 827   };
 828 
 829  public:
 830   // Helper functions for groups of instructions
 831 
 832   enum Predict { pt = 1, pn = 0 }; // pt = predict taken
 833 
 834   // instruction must start at passed address
 835   static int instr_len(unsigned char *instr) { return BytesPerInstWord; }
 836 
 837   // instruction must be left-justified in argument
 838   static int instr_len(unsigned long instr)  { return BytesPerInstWord; }
 839 
 840   // longest instructions
 841   static int instr_maxlen() { return BytesPerInstWord; }
 842 
 843   // Test if x is within signed immediate range for nbits.
 844   static bool is_simm(int x, unsigned int nbits) {
 845     assert(0 < nbits && nbits < 32, "out of bounds");
 846     const int   min      = -( ((int)1) << nbits-1 );
 847     const int   maxplus1 =  ( ((int)1) << nbits-1 );
 848     return min <= x && x < maxplus1;
 849   }
 850 
 851   static bool is_simm(jlong x, unsigned int nbits) {
 852     assert(0 < nbits && nbits < 64, "out of bounds");
 853     const jlong min      = -( ((jlong)1) << nbits-1 );
 854     const jlong maxplus1 =  ( ((jlong)1) << nbits-1 );
 855     return min <= x && x < maxplus1;
 856   }
 857 
 858   // Test if x is within unsigned immediate range for nbits
 859   static bool is_uimm(int x, unsigned int nbits) {
 860     assert(0 < nbits && nbits < 32, "out of bounds");
 861     const int   maxplus1 = ( ((int)1) << nbits );
 862     return 0 <= x && x < maxplus1;
 863   }
 864 
 865   static bool is_uimm(jlong x, unsigned int nbits) {
 866     assert(0 < nbits && nbits < 64, "out of bounds");
 867     const jlong maxplus1 =  ( ((jlong)1) << nbits );
 868     return 0 <= x && x < maxplus1;
 869   }
 870 
 871  protected:
 872   // helpers
 873 
 874   // X is supposed to fit in a field "nbits" wide
 875   // and be sign-extended. Check the range.
 876   static void assert_signed_range(intptr_t x, int nbits) {
 877     assert(nbits == 32 || (-(1 << nbits-1) <= x && x < (1 << nbits-1)),
 878            "value out of range");
 879   }
 880 
 881   static void assert_signed_word_disp_range(intptr_t x, int nbits) {
 882     assert((x & 3) == 0, "not word aligned");
 883     assert_signed_range(x, nbits + 2);
 884   }
 885 
 886   static void assert_unsigned_const(int x, int nbits) {
 887     assert(juint(x) < juint(1 << nbits), "unsigned constant out of range");
 888   }
 889 
 890   static int fmask(juint hi_bit, juint lo_bit) {
 891     assert(hi_bit >= lo_bit && hi_bit < 32, "bad bits");
 892     return (1 << ( hi_bit-lo_bit + 1 )) - 1;
 893   }
 894 
 895   // inverse of u_field
 896   static int inv_u_field(int x, int hi_bit, int lo_bit) {
 897     juint r = juint(x) >> lo_bit;
 898     r &= fmask(hi_bit, lo_bit);
 899     return int(r);
 900   }
 901 
 902   // signed version: extract from field and sign-extend
 903   static int inv_s_field_ppc(int x, int hi_bit, int lo_bit) {
 904     x = x << (31-hi_bit);
 905     x = x >> (31-hi_bit+lo_bit);
 906     return x;
 907   }
 908 
 909   static int u_field(int x, int hi_bit, int lo_bit) {
 910     assert((x & ~fmask(hi_bit, lo_bit)) == 0, "value out of range");
 911     int r = x << lo_bit;
 912     assert(inv_u_field(r, hi_bit, lo_bit) == x, "just checking");
 913     return r;
 914   }
 915 
 916   // Same as u_field for signed values
 917   static int s_field(int x, int hi_bit, int lo_bit) {
 918     int nbits = hi_bit - lo_bit + 1;
 919     assert(nbits == 32 || (-(1 << nbits-1) <= x && x < (1 << nbits-1)),
 920       "value out of range");
 921     x &= fmask(hi_bit, lo_bit);
 922     int r = x << lo_bit;
 923     return r;
 924   }
 925 
 926   // inv_op for ppc instructions
 927   static int inv_op_ppc(int x) { return inv_u_field(x, 31, 26); }
 928 
 929   // Determine target address from li, bd field of branch instruction.
 930   static intptr_t inv_li_field(int x) {
 931     intptr_t r = inv_s_field_ppc(x, 25, 2);
 932     r = (r << 2);
 933     return r;
 934   }
 935   static intptr_t inv_bd_field(int x, intptr_t pos) {
 936     intptr_t r = inv_s_field_ppc(x, 15, 2);
 937     r = (r << 2) + pos;
 938     return r;
 939   }
 940 
 941   #define inv_opp_u_field(x, hi_bit, lo_bit) inv_u_field(x, 31-(lo_bit), 31-(hi_bit))
 942   #define inv_opp_s_field(x, hi_bit, lo_bit) inv_s_field_ppc(x, 31-(lo_bit), 31-(hi_bit))
 943   // Extract instruction fields from instruction words.
 944  public:
 945   static int inv_ra_field(int x)  { return inv_opp_u_field(x, 15, 11); }
 946   static int inv_rb_field(int x)  { return inv_opp_u_field(x, 20, 16); }
 947   static int inv_rt_field(int x)  { return inv_opp_u_field(x, 10,  6); }
 948   static int inv_rta_field(int x) { return inv_opp_u_field(x, 15, 11); }
 949   static int inv_rs_field(int x)  { return inv_opp_u_field(x, 10,  6); }
 950   // Ds uses opp_s_field(x, 31, 16), but lowest 2 bits must be 0.
 951   // Inv_ds_field uses range (x, 29, 16) but shifts by 2 to ensure that lowest bits are 0.
 952   static int inv_ds_field(int x)  { return inv_opp_s_field(x, 29, 16) << 2; }
 953   static int inv_d1_field(int x)  { return inv_opp_s_field(x, 31, 16); }
 954   static int inv_si_field(int x)  { return inv_opp_s_field(x, 31, 16); }
 955   static int inv_to_field(int x)  { return inv_opp_u_field(x, 10, 6);  }
 956   static int inv_lk_field(int x)  { return inv_opp_u_field(x, 31, 31); }
 957   static int inv_bo_field(int x)  { return inv_opp_u_field(x, 10,  6); }
 958   static int inv_bi_field(int x)  { return inv_opp_u_field(x, 15, 11); }
 959 
 960   #define opp_u_field(x, hi_bit, lo_bit) u_field(x, 31-(lo_bit), 31-(hi_bit))
 961   #define opp_s_field(x, hi_bit, lo_bit) s_field(x, 31-(lo_bit), 31-(hi_bit))
 962 
 963   // instruction fields
 964   static int aa(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             30, 30); }
 965   static int ba(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             15, 11); }
 966   static int bb(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             20, 16); }
 967   static int bc(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             25, 21); }
 968   static int bd(       int         x)  { return  opp_s_field(x,             29, 16); }
 969   static int bf( ConditionRegister cr) { return  bf(cr->encoding()); }
 970   static int bf(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,              8,  6); }
 971   static int bfa(ConditionRegister cr) { return  bfa(cr->encoding()); }
 972   static int bfa(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             13, 11); }
 973   static int bh(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             20, 19); }
 974   static int bi(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             15, 11); }
 975   static int bi0(ConditionRegister cr, Condition c) { return (cr->encoding() << 2) | c; }
 976   static int bo(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             10,  6); }
 977   static int bt(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             10,  6); }
 978   static int d1(       int         x)  { return  opp_s_field(x,             31, 16); }
 979   static int ds(       int         x)  { assert((x & 0x3) == 0, "unaligned offset"); return opp_s_field(x, 31, 16); }
 980   static int eh(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             31, 31); }
 981   static int flm(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             14,  7); }
 982   static int fra(    FloatRegister r)  { return  fra(r->encoding());}
 983   static int frb(    FloatRegister r)  { return  frb(r->encoding());}
 984   static int frc(    FloatRegister r)  { return  frc(r->encoding());}
 985   static int frs(    FloatRegister r)  { return  frs(r->encoding());}
 986   static int frt(    FloatRegister r)  { return  frt(r->encoding());}
 987   static int fra(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             15, 11); }
 988   static int frb(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             20, 16); }
 989   static int frc(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             25, 21); }
 990   static int frs(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             10,  6); }
 991   static int frt(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             10,  6); }
 992   static int fxm(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             19, 12); }
 993   static int l10(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             10, 10); }
 994   static int l15(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             15, 15); }
 995   static int l910(     int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             10,  9); }
 996   static int e1215(    int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             15, 12); }
 997   static int lev(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             26, 20); }
 998   static int li(       int         x)  { return  opp_s_field(x,             29,  6); }
 999   static int lk(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             31, 31); }
1000   static int mb2125(   int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             25, 21); }
1001   static int me2630(   int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             30, 26); }
1002   static int mb2126(   int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(((x & 0x1f) << 1) | ((x & 0x20) >> 5), 26, 21); }
1003   static int me2126(   int         x)  { return  mb2126(x); }
1004   static int nb(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             20, 16); }
1005   //static int opcd(   int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,              5,  0); } // is contained in our opcodes
1006   static int oe(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             21, 21); }
1007   static int ra(       Register    r)  { return  ra(r->encoding()); }
1008   static int ra(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             15, 11); }
1009   static int rb(       Register    r)  { return  rb(r->encoding()); }
1010   static int rb(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             20, 16); }
1011   static int rc(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             31, 31); }
1012   static int rs(       Register    r)  { return  rs(r->encoding()); }
1013   static int rs(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             10,  6); }
1014   // we don't want to use R0 in memory accesses, because it has value `0' then
1015   static int ra0mem(   Register    r)  { assert(r != R0, "cannot use register R0 in memory access"); return ra(r); }
1016   static int ra0mem(   int         x)  { assert(x != 0,  "cannot use register 0 in memory access");  return ra(x); }
1017 
1018   // register r is target
1019   static int rt(       Register    r)  { return rs(r); }
1020   static int rt(       int         x)  { return rs(x); }
1021   static int rta(      Register    r)  { return ra(r); }
1022   static int rta0mem(  Register    r)  { rta(r); return ra0mem(r); }
1023 
1024   static int sh1620(   int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             20, 16); }
1025   static int sh30(     int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             30, 30); }
1026   static int sh162030( int         x)  { return  sh1620(x & 0x1f) | sh30((x & 0x20) >> 5); }
1027   static int si(       int         x)  { return  opp_s_field(x,             31, 16); }
1028   static int spr(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             20, 11); }
1029   static int sr(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             15, 12); }
1030   static int tbr(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             20, 11); }
1031   static int th(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             10,  7); }
1032   static int thct(     int         x)  { assert((x&8) == 0, "must be valid cache specification");  return th(x); }
1033   static int thds(     int         x)  { assert((x&8) == 8, "must be valid stream specification"); return th(x); }
1034   static int to(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             10,  6); }
1035   static int u(        int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             19, 16); }
1036   static int ui(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             31, 16); }
1037 
1038   // Support vector instructions for >= Power6.
1039   static int vra(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             15, 11); }
1040   static int vrb(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             20, 16); }
1041   static int vrc(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             25, 21); }
1042   static int vrs(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             10,  6); }
1043   static int vrt(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             10,  6); }
1044 
1045   static int vra(   VectorRegister r)  { return  vra(r->encoding());}
1046   static int vrb(   VectorRegister r)  { return  vrb(r->encoding());}
1047   static int vrc(   VectorRegister r)  { return  vrc(r->encoding());}
1048   static int vrs(   VectorRegister r)  { return  vrs(r->encoding());}
1049   static int vrt(   VectorRegister r)  { return  vrt(r->encoding());}
1050 
1051   static int vsplt_uim( int        x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             15, 12); } // for vsplt* instructions
1052   static int vsplti_sim(int        x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             15, 11); } // for vsplti* instructions
1053   static int vsldoi_shb(int        x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             25, 22); } // for vsldoi instruction
1054   static int vcmp_rc(   int        x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             21, 21); } // for vcmp* instructions
1055 
1056   //static int xo1(     int        x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             29, 21); }// is contained in our opcodes
1057   //static int xo2(     int        x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             30, 21); }// is contained in our opcodes
1058   //static int xo3(     int        x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             30, 22); }// is contained in our opcodes
1059   //static int xo4(     int        x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             30, 26); }// is contained in our opcodes
1060   //static int xo5(     int        x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             29, 27); }// is contained in our opcodes
1061   //static int xo6(     int        x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             30, 27); }// is contained in our opcodes
1062   //static int xo7(     int        x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             31, 30); }// is contained in our opcodes
1063 
1064  protected:
1065   // Compute relative address for branch.
1066   static intptr_t disp(intptr_t x, intptr_t off) {
1067     int xx = x - off;
1068     xx = xx >> 2;
1069     return xx;
1070   }
1071 
1072  public:
1073   // signed immediate, in low bits, nbits long
1074   static int simm(int x, int nbits) {
1075     assert_signed_range(x, nbits);
1076     return x & ((1 << nbits) - 1);
1077   }
1078 
1079   // unsigned immediate, in low bits, nbits long
1080   static int uimm(int x, int nbits) {
1081     assert_unsigned_const(x, nbits);
1082     return x & ((1 << nbits) - 1);
1083   }
1084 
1085   static void set_imm(int* instr, short s) {
1086     // imm is always in the lower 16 bits of the instruction,
1087     // so this is endian-neutral. Same for the get_imm below.
1088     uint32_t w = *(uint32_t *)instr;
1089     *instr = (int)((w & ~0x0000FFFF) | (s & 0x0000FFFF));
1090   }
1091 
1092   static int get_imm(address a, int instruction_number) {
1093     return (short)((int *)a)[instruction_number];
1094   }
1095 
1096   static inline int hi16_signed(  int x) { return (int)(int16_t)(x >> 16); }
1097   static inline int lo16_unsigned(int x) { return x & 0xffff; }
1098 
1099  protected:
1100 
1101   // Extract the top 32 bits in a 64 bit word.
1102   static int32_t hi32(int64_t x) {
1103     int32_t r = int32_t((uint64_t)x >> 32);
1104     return r;
1105   }
1106 
1107  public:
1108 
1109   static inline unsigned int align_addr(unsigned int addr, unsigned int a) {
1110     return ((addr + (a - 1)) & ~(a - 1));
1111   }
1112 
1113   static inline bool is_aligned(unsigned int addr, unsigned int a) {
1114     return (0 == addr % a);
1115   }
1116 
1117   void flush() {
1118     AbstractAssembler::flush();
1119   }
1120 
1121   inline void emit_int32(int);  // shadows AbstractAssembler::emit_int32
1122   inline void emit_data(int);
1123   inline void emit_data(int, RelocationHolder const&);
1124   inline void emit_data(int, relocInfo::relocType rtype);
1125 
1126   // Emit an address.
1127   inline address emit_addr(const address addr = NULL);
1128 
1129 #if !defined(ABI_ELFv2)
1130   // Emit a function descriptor with the specified entry point, TOC,
1131   // and ENV. If the entry point is NULL, the descriptor will point
1132   // just past the descriptor.
1133   // Use values from friend functions as defaults.
1134   inline address emit_fd(address entry = NULL,
1135                          address toc = (address) FunctionDescriptor::friend_toc,
1136                          address env = (address) FunctionDescriptor::friend_env);
1137 #endif
1138 
1139   /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
1140   // PPC instructions
1141   /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
1142 
1143   // Memory instructions use r0 as hard coded 0, e.g. to simulate loading
1144   // immediates. The normal instruction encoders enforce that r0 is not
1145   // passed to them. Use either extended mnemonics encoders or the special ra0
1146   // versions.
1147 
1148   // Issue an illegal instruction.
1149   inline void illtrap();
1150   static inline bool is_illtrap(int x);
1151 
1152   // PPC 1, section 3.3.8, Fixed-Point Arithmetic Instructions
1153   inline void addi( Register d, Register a, int si16);
1154   inline void addis(Register d, Register a, int si16);
1155  private:
1156   inline void addi_r0ok( Register d, Register a, int si16);
1157   inline void addis_r0ok(Register d, Register a, int si16);
1158  public:
1159   inline void addic_( Register d, Register a, int si16);
1160   inline void subfic( Register d, Register a, int si16);
1161   inline void add(    Register d, Register a, Register b);
1162   inline void add_(   Register d, Register a, Register b);
1163   inline void subf(   Register d, Register a, Register b);  // d = b - a    "Sub_from", as in ppc spec.
1164   inline void sub(    Register d, Register a, Register b);  // d = a - b    Swap operands of subf for readability.
1165   inline void subf_(  Register d, Register a, Register b);
1166   inline void addc(   Register d, Register a, Register b);
1167   inline void addc_(  Register d, Register a, Register b);
1168   inline void subfc(  Register d, Register a, Register b);
1169   inline void subfc_( Register d, Register a, Register b);
1170   inline void adde(   Register d, Register a, Register b);
1171   inline void adde_(  Register d, Register a, Register b);
1172   inline void subfe(  Register d, Register a, Register b);
1173   inline void subfe_( Register d, Register a, Register b);
1174   inline void neg(    Register d, Register a);
1175   inline void neg_(   Register d, Register a);
1176   inline void mulli(  Register d, Register a, int si16);
1177   inline void mulld(  Register d, Register a, Register b);
1178   inline void mulld_( Register d, Register a, Register b);
1179   inline void mullw(  Register d, Register a, Register b);
1180   inline void mullw_( Register d, Register a, Register b);
1181   inline void mulhw(  Register d, Register a, Register b);
1182   inline void mulhw_( Register d, Register a, Register b);
1183   inline void mulhd(  Register d, Register a, Register b);
1184   inline void mulhd_( Register d, Register a, Register b);
1185   inline void mulhdu( Register d, Register a, Register b);
1186   inline void mulhdu_(Register d, Register a, Register b);
1187   inline void divd(   Register d, Register a, Register b);
1188   inline void divd_(  Register d, Register a, Register b);
1189   inline void divw(   Register d, Register a, Register b);
1190   inline void divw_(  Register d, Register a, Register b);
1191 
1192   // extended mnemonics
1193   inline void li(   Register d, int si16);
1194   inline void lis(  Register d, int si16);
1195   inline void addir(Register d, int si16, Register a);
1196 
1197   static bool is_addi(int x) {
1198      return ADDI_OPCODE == (x & ADDI_OPCODE_MASK);
1199   }
1200   static bool is_addis(int x) {
1201      return ADDIS_OPCODE == (x & ADDIS_OPCODE_MASK);
1202   }
1203   static bool is_bxx(int x) {
1204      return BXX_OPCODE == (x & BXX_OPCODE_MASK);
1205   }
1206   static bool is_b(int x) {
1207      return BXX_OPCODE == (x & BXX_OPCODE_MASK) && inv_lk_field(x) == 0;
1208   }
1209   static bool is_bl(int x) {
1210      return BXX_OPCODE == (x & BXX_OPCODE_MASK) && inv_lk_field(x) == 1;
1211   }
1212   static bool is_bcxx(int x) {
1213      return BCXX_OPCODE == (x & BCXX_OPCODE_MASK);
1214   }
1215   static bool is_bxx_or_bcxx(int x) {
1216      return is_bxx(x) || is_bcxx(x);
1217   }
1218   static bool is_bctrl(int x) {
1219      return x == 0x4e800421;
1220   }
1221   static bool is_bctr(int x) {
1222      return x == 0x4e800420;
1223   }
1224   static bool is_bclr(int x) {
1225      return BCLR_OPCODE == (x & XL_FORM_OPCODE_MASK);
1226   }
1227   static bool is_li(int x) {
1228      return is_addi(x) && inv_ra_field(x)==0;
1229   }
1230   static bool is_lis(int x) {
1231      return is_addis(x) && inv_ra_field(x)==0;
1232   }
1233   static bool is_mtctr(int x) {
1234      return MTCTR_OPCODE == (x & MTCTR_OPCODE_MASK);
1235   }
1236   static bool is_ld(int x) {
1237      return LD_OPCODE == (x & LD_OPCODE_MASK);
1238   }
1239   static bool is_std(int x) {
1240      return STD_OPCODE == (x & STD_OPCODE_MASK);
1241   }
1242   static bool is_stdu(int x) {
1243      return STDU_OPCODE == (x & STDU_OPCODE_MASK);
1244   }
1245   static bool is_stdx(int x) {
1246      return STDX_OPCODE == (x & STDX_OPCODE_MASK);
1247   }
1248   static bool is_stdux(int x) {
1249      return STDUX_OPCODE == (x & STDUX_OPCODE_MASK);
1250   }
1251   static bool is_stwx(int x) {
1252      return STWX_OPCODE == (x & STWX_OPCODE_MASK);
1253   }
1254   static bool is_stwux(int x) {
1255      return STWUX_OPCODE == (x & STWUX_OPCODE_MASK);
1256   }
1257   static bool is_stw(int x) {
1258      return STW_OPCODE == (x & STW_OPCODE_MASK);
1259   }
1260   static bool is_stwu(int x) {
1261      return STWU_OPCODE == (x & STWU_OPCODE_MASK);
1262   }
1263   static bool is_ori(int x) {
1264      return ORI_OPCODE == (x & ORI_OPCODE_MASK);
1265   };
1266   static bool is_oris(int x) {
1267      return ORIS_OPCODE == (x & ORIS_OPCODE_MASK);
1268   };
1269   static bool is_rldicr(int x) {
1270      return (RLDICR_OPCODE == (x & RLDICR_OPCODE_MASK));
1271   };
1272   static bool is_nop(int x) {
1273     return x == 0x60000000;
1274   }
1275   // endgroup opcode for Power6
1276   static bool is_endgroup(int x) {
1277     return is_ori(x) && inv_ra_field(x) == 1 && inv_rs_field(x) == 1 && inv_d1_field(x) == 0;
1278   }
1279 
1280 
1281  private:
1282   // PPC 1, section 3.3.9, Fixed-Point Compare Instructions
1283   inline void cmpi( ConditionRegister bf, int l, Register a, int si16);
1284   inline void cmp(  ConditionRegister bf, int l, Register a, Register b);
1285   inline void cmpli(ConditionRegister bf, int l, Register a, int ui16);
1286   inline void cmpl( ConditionRegister bf, int l, Register a, Register b);
1287 
1288  public:
1289   // extended mnemonics of Compare Instructions
1290   inline void cmpwi( ConditionRegister crx, Register a, int si16);
1291   inline void cmpdi( ConditionRegister crx, Register a, int si16);
1292   inline void cmpw(  ConditionRegister crx, Register a, Register b);
1293   inline void cmpd(  ConditionRegister crx, Register a, Register b);
1294   inline void cmplwi(ConditionRegister crx, Register a, int ui16);
1295   inline void cmpldi(ConditionRegister crx, Register a, int ui16);
1296   inline void cmplw( ConditionRegister crx, Register a, Register b);
1297   inline void cmpld( ConditionRegister crx, Register a, Register b);
1298 
1299   inline void isel(   Register d, Register a, Register b, int bc);
1300   // Convenient version which takes: Condition register, Condition code and invert flag. Omit b to keep old value.
1301   inline void isel(   Register d, ConditionRegister cr, Condition cc, bool inv, Register a, Register b = noreg);
1302   // Set d = 0 if (cr.cc) equals 1, otherwise b.
1303   inline void isel_0( Register d, ConditionRegister cr, Condition cc, Register b = noreg);
1304 
1305   // PPC 1, section 3.3.11, Fixed-Point Logical Instructions
1306          void andi(   Register a, Register s, int ui16);   // optimized version
1307   inline void andi_(  Register a, Register s, int ui16);
1308   inline void andis_( Register a, Register s, int ui16);
1309   inline void ori(    Register a, Register s, int ui16);
1310   inline void oris(   Register a, Register s, int ui16);
1311   inline void xori(   Register a, Register s, int ui16);
1312   inline void xoris(  Register a, Register s, int ui16);
1313   inline void andr(   Register a, Register s, Register b);  // suffixed by 'r' as 'and' is C++ keyword
1314   inline void and_(   Register a, Register s, Register b);
1315   // Turn or0(rx,rx,rx) into a nop and avoid that we accidently emit a
1316   // SMT-priority change instruction (see SMT instructions below).
1317   inline void or_unchecked(Register a, Register s, Register b);
1318   inline void orr(    Register a, Register s, Register b);  // suffixed by 'r' as 'or' is C++ keyword
1319   inline void or_(    Register a, Register s, Register b);
1320   inline void xorr(   Register a, Register s, Register b);  // suffixed by 'r' as 'xor' is C++ keyword
1321   inline void xor_(   Register a, Register s, Register b);
1322   inline void nand(   Register a, Register s, Register b);
1323   inline void nand_(  Register a, Register s, Register b);
1324   inline void nor(    Register a, Register s, Register b);
1325   inline void nor_(   Register a, Register s, Register b);
1326   inline void andc(   Register a, Register s, Register b);
1327   inline void andc_(  Register a, Register s, Register b);
1328   inline void orc(    Register a, Register s, Register b);
1329   inline void orc_(   Register a, Register s, Register b);
1330   inline void extsb(  Register a, Register s);
1331   inline void extsh(  Register a, Register s);
1332   inline void extsw(  Register a, Register s);
1333 
1334   // extended mnemonics
1335   inline void nop();
1336   // NOP for FP and BR units (different versions to allow them to be in one group)
1337   inline void fpnop0();
1338   inline void fpnop1();
1339   inline void brnop0();
1340   inline void brnop1();
1341   inline void brnop2();
1342 
1343   inline void mr(      Register d, Register s);
1344   inline void ori_opt( Register d, int ui16);
1345   inline void oris_opt(Register d, int ui16);
1346 
1347   // endgroup opcode for Power6
1348   inline void endgroup();
1349 
1350   // count instructions
1351   inline void cntlzw(  Register a, Register s);
1352   inline void cntlzw_( Register a, Register s);
1353   inline void cntlzd(  Register a, Register s);
1354   inline void cntlzd_( Register a, Register s);
1355 
1356   // PPC 1, section 3.3.12, Fixed-Point Rotate and Shift Instructions
1357   inline void sld(     Register a, Register s, Register b);
1358   inline void sld_(    Register a, Register s, Register b);
1359   inline void slw(     Register a, Register s, Register b);
1360   inline void slw_(    Register a, Register s, Register b);
1361   inline void srd(     Register a, Register s, Register b);
1362   inline void srd_(    Register a, Register s, Register b);
1363   inline void srw(     Register a, Register s, Register b);
1364   inline void srw_(    Register a, Register s, Register b);
1365   inline void srad(    Register a, Register s, Register b);
1366   inline void srad_(   Register a, Register s, Register b);
1367   inline void sraw(    Register a, Register s, Register b);
1368   inline void sraw_(   Register a, Register s, Register b);
1369   inline void sradi(   Register a, Register s, int sh6);
1370   inline void sradi_(  Register a, Register s, int sh6);
1371   inline void srawi(   Register a, Register s, int sh5);
1372   inline void srawi_(  Register a, Register s, int sh5);
1373 
1374   // extended mnemonics for Shift Instructions
1375   inline void sldi(    Register a, Register s, int sh6);
1376   inline void sldi_(   Register a, Register s, int sh6);
1377   inline void slwi(    Register a, Register s, int sh5);
1378   inline void slwi_(   Register a, Register s, int sh5);
1379   inline void srdi(    Register a, Register s, int sh6);
1380   inline void srdi_(   Register a, Register s, int sh6);
1381   inline void srwi(    Register a, Register s, int sh5);
1382   inline void srwi_(   Register a, Register s, int sh5);
1383 
1384   inline void clrrdi(  Register a, Register s, int ui6);
1385   inline void clrrdi_( Register a, Register s, int ui6);
1386   inline void clrldi(  Register a, Register s, int ui6);
1387   inline void clrldi_( Register a, Register s, int ui6);
1388   inline void clrlsldi(Register a, Register s, int clrl6, int shl6);
1389   inline void clrlsldi_(Register a, Register s, int clrl6, int shl6);
1390   inline void extrdi(  Register a, Register s, int n, int b);
1391   // testbit with condition register
1392   inline void testbitdi(ConditionRegister cr, Register a, Register s, int ui6);
1393 
1394   // rotate instructions
1395   inline void rotldi(  Register a, Register s, int n);
1396   inline void rotrdi(  Register a, Register s, int n);
1397   inline void rotlwi(  Register a, Register s, int n);
1398   inline void rotrwi(  Register a, Register s, int n);
1399 
1400   // Rotate Instructions
1401   inline void rldic(   Register a, Register s, int sh6, int mb6);
1402   inline void rldic_(  Register a, Register s, int sh6, int mb6);
1403   inline void rldicr(  Register a, Register s, int sh6, int mb6);
1404   inline void rldicr_( Register a, Register s, int sh6, int mb6);
1405   inline void rldicl(  Register a, Register s, int sh6, int mb6);
1406   inline void rldicl_( Register a, Register s, int sh6, int mb6);
1407   inline void rlwinm(  Register a, Register s, int sh5, int mb5, int me5);
1408   inline void rlwinm_( Register a, Register s, int sh5, int mb5, int me5);
1409   inline void rldimi(  Register a, Register s, int sh6, int mb6);
1410   inline void rldimi_( Register a, Register s, int sh6, int mb6);
1411   inline void rlwimi(  Register a, Register s, int sh5, int mb5, int me5);
1412   inline void insrdi(  Register a, Register s, int n,   int b);
1413   inline void insrwi(  Register a, Register s, int n,   int b);
1414 
1415   // PPC 1, section 3.3.2 Fixed-Point Load Instructions
1416   // 4 bytes
1417   inline void lwzx( Register d, Register s1, Register s2);
1418   inline void lwz(  Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
1419   inline void lwzu( Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
1420 
1421   // 4 bytes
1422   inline void lwax( Register d, Register s1, Register s2);
1423   inline void lwa(  Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
1424 
1425   // 4 bytes reversed
1426   inline void lwbrx( Register d, Register s1, Register s2);
1427 
1428   // 2 bytes
1429   inline void lhzx( Register d, Register s1, Register s2);
1430   inline void lhz(  Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
1431   inline void lhzu( Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
1432 
1433   // 2 bytes reversed
1434   inline void lhbrx( Register d, Register s1, Register s2);
1435 
1436   // 2 bytes
1437   inline void lhax( Register d, Register s1, Register s2);
1438   inline void lha(  Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
1439   inline void lhau( Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
1440 
1441   // 1 byte
1442   inline void lbzx( Register d, Register s1, Register s2);
1443   inline void lbz(  Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
1444   inline void lbzu( Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
1445 
1446   // 8 bytes
1447   inline void ldx(  Register d, Register s1, Register s2);
1448   inline void ld(   Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
1449   inline void ldu(  Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
1450 
1451   //  PPC 1, section 3.3.3 Fixed-Point Store Instructions
1452   inline void stwx( Register d, Register s1, Register s2);
1453   inline void stw(  Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
1454   inline void stwu( Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
1455 
1456   inline void sthx( Register d, Register s1, Register s2);
1457   inline void sth(  Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
1458   inline void sthu( Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
1459 
1460   inline void stbx( Register d, Register s1, Register s2);
1461   inline void stb(  Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
1462   inline void stbu( Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
1463 
1464   inline void stdx( Register d, Register s1, Register s2);
1465   inline void std(  Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
1466   inline void stdu( Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
1467   inline void stdux(Register s, Register a,  Register b);
1468 
1469   // PPC 1, section 3.3.13 Move To/From System Register Instructions
1470   inline void mtlr( Register s1);
1471   inline void mflr( Register d);
1472   inline void mtctr(Register s1);
1473   inline void mfctr(Register d);
1474   inline void mtcrf(int fxm, Register s);
1475   inline void mfcr( Register d);
1476   inline void mcrf( ConditionRegister crd, ConditionRegister cra);
1477   inline void mtcr( Register s);
1478 
1479   // Special purpose registers
1480   // Exception Register
1481   inline void mtxer(Register s1);
1482   inline void mfxer(Register d);
1483   // Vector Register Save Register
1484   inline void mtvrsave(Register s1);
1485   inline void mfvrsave(Register d);
1486   // Timebase
1487   inline void mftb(Register d);
1488   // Introduced with Power 8:
1489   // Data Stream Control Register
1490   inline void mtdscr(Register s1);
1491   inline void mfdscr(Register d );
1492   // Transactional Memory Registers
1493   inline void mftfhar(Register d);
1494   inline void mftfiar(Register d);
1495   inline void mftexasr(Register d);
1496   inline void mftexasru(Register d);
1497 
1498   // PPC 1, section 2.4.1 Branch Instructions
1499   inline void b(  address a, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
1500   inline void b(  Label& L);
1501   inline void bl( address a, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
1502   inline void bl( Label& L);
1503   inline void bc( int boint, int biint, address a, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
1504   inline void bc( int boint, int biint, Label& L);
1505   inline void bcl(int boint, int biint, address a, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
1506   inline void bcl(int boint, int biint, Label& L);
1507 
1508   inline void bclr(  int boint, int biint, int bhint, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
1509   inline void bclrl( int boint, int biint, int bhint, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
1510   inline void bcctr( int boint, int biint, int bhint = bhintbhBCCTRisNotReturnButSame,
1511                          relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
1512   inline void bcctrl(int boint, int biint, int bhint = bhintbhBCLRisReturn,
1513                          relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
1514 
1515   // helper function for b, bcxx
1516   inline bool is_within_range_of_b(address a, address pc);
1517   inline bool is_within_range_of_bcxx(address a, address pc);
1518 
1519   // get the destination of a bxx branch (b, bl, ba, bla)
1520   static inline address  bxx_destination(address baddr);
1521   static inline address  bxx_destination(int instr, address pc);
1522   static inline intptr_t bxx_destination_offset(int instr, intptr_t bxx_pos);
1523 
1524   // extended mnemonics for branch instructions
1525   inline void blt(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
1526   inline void bgt(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
1527   inline void beq(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
1528   inline void bso(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
1529   inline void bge(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
1530   inline void ble(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
1531   inline void bne(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
1532   inline void bns(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
1533 
1534   // Branch instructions with static prediction hints.
1535   inline void blt_predict_taken(    ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
1536   inline void bgt_predict_taken(    ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
1537   inline void beq_predict_taken(    ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
1538   inline void bso_predict_taken(    ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
1539   inline void bge_predict_taken(    ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
1540   inline void ble_predict_taken(    ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
1541   inline void bne_predict_taken(    ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
1542   inline void bns_predict_taken(    ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
1543   inline void blt_predict_not_taken(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
1544   inline void bgt_predict_not_taken(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
1545   inline void beq_predict_not_taken(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
1546   inline void bso_predict_not_taken(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
1547   inline void bge_predict_not_taken(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
1548   inline void ble_predict_not_taken(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
1549   inline void bne_predict_not_taken(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
1550   inline void bns_predict_not_taken(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
1551 
1552   // for use in conjunction with testbitdi:
1553   inline void btrue( ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
1554   inline void bfalse(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
1555 
1556   inline void bltl(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
1557   inline void bgtl(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
1558   inline void beql(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
1559   inline void bsol(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
1560   inline void bgel(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
1561   inline void blel(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
1562   inline void bnel(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
1563   inline void bnsl(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
1564 
1565   // extended mnemonics for Branch Instructions via LR
1566   // We use `blr' for returns.
1567   inline void blr(relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
1568 
1569   // extended mnemonics for Branch Instructions with CTR
1570   // bdnz means `decrement CTR and jump to L if CTR is not zero'
1571   inline void bdnz(Label& L);
1572   // Decrement and branch if result is zero.
1573   inline void bdz(Label& L);
1574   // we use `bctr[l]' for jumps/calls in function descriptor glue
1575   // code, e.g. calls to runtime functions
1576   inline void bctr( relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
1577   inline void bctrl(relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
1578   // conditional jumps/branches via CTR
1579   inline void beqctr( ConditionRegister crx, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
1580   inline void beqctrl(ConditionRegister crx, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
1581   inline void bnectr( ConditionRegister crx, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
1582   inline void bnectrl(ConditionRegister crx, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
1583 
1584   // condition register logic instructions
1585   inline void crand( int d, int s1, int s2);
1586   inline void crnand(int d, int s1, int s2);
1587   inline void cror(  int d, int s1, int s2);
1588   inline void crxor( int d, int s1, int s2);
1589   inline void crnor( int d, int s1, int s2);
1590   inline void creqv( int d, int s1, int s2);
1591   inline void crandc(int d, int s1, int s2);
1592   inline void crorc( int d, int s1, int s2);
1593 
1594   // icache and dcache related instructions
1595   inline void icbi(  Register s1, Register s2);
1596   //inline void dcba(Register s1, Register s2); // Instruction for embedded processor only.
1597   inline void dcbz(  Register s1, Register s2);
1598   inline void dcbst( Register s1, Register s2);
1599   inline void dcbf(  Register s1, Register s2);
1600 
1601   enum ct_cache_specification {
1602     ct_primary_cache   = 0,
1603     ct_secondary_cache = 2
1604   };
1605   // dcache read hint
1606   inline void dcbt(    Register s1, Register s2);
1607   inline void dcbtct(  Register s1, Register s2, int ct);
1608   inline void dcbtds(  Register s1, Register s2, int ds);
1609   // dcache write hint
1610   inline void dcbtst(  Register s1, Register s2);
1611   inline void dcbtstct(Register s1, Register s2, int ct);
1612 
1613   //  machine barrier instructions:
1614   //
1615   //  - sync    two-way memory barrier, aka fence
1616   //  - lwsync  orders  Store|Store,
1617   //                     Load|Store,
1618   //                     Load|Load,
1619   //            but not Store|Load
1620   //  - eieio   orders memory accesses for device memory (only)
1621   //  - isync   invalidates speculatively executed instructions
1622   //            From the Power ISA 2.06 documentation:
1623   //             "[...] an isync instruction prevents the execution of
1624   //            instructions following the isync until instructions
1625   //            preceding the isync have completed, [...]"
1626   //            From IBM's AIX assembler reference:
1627   //             "The isync [...] instructions causes the processor to
1628   //            refetch any instructions that might have been fetched
1629   //            prior to the isync instruction. The instruction isync
1630   //            causes the processor to wait for all previous instructions
1631   //            to complete. Then any instructions already fetched are
1632   //            discarded and instruction processing continues in the
1633   //            environment established by the previous instructions."
1634   //
1635   //  semantic barrier instructions:
1636   //  (as defined in orderAccess.hpp)
1637   //
1638   //  - release  orders Store|Store,       (maps to lwsync)
1639   //                     Load|Store
1640   //  - acquire  orders  Load|Store,       (maps to lwsync)
1641   //                     Load|Load
1642   //  - fence    orders Store|Store,       (maps to sync)
1643   //                     Load|Store,
1644   //                     Load|Load,
1645   //                    Store|Load
1646   //
1647  private:
1648   inline void sync(int l);
1649  public:
1650   inline void sync();
1651   inline void lwsync();
1652   inline void ptesync();
1653   inline void eieio();
1654   inline void isync();
1655   inline void elemental_membar(int e); // Elemental Memory Barriers (>=Power 8)
1656 
1657   // atomics
1658   inline void lwarx_unchecked(Register d, Register a, Register b, int eh1 = 0);
1659   inline void ldarx_unchecked(Register d, Register a, Register b, int eh1 = 0);
1660   inline bool lxarx_hint_exclusive_access();
1661   inline void lwarx(  Register d, Register a, Register b, bool hint_exclusive_access = false);
1662   inline void ldarx(  Register d, Register a, Register b, bool hint_exclusive_access = false);
1663   inline void stwcx_( Register s, Register a, Register b);
1664   inline void stdcx_( Register s, Register a, Register b);
1665 
1666   // Instructions for adjusting thread priority for simultaneous
1667   // multithreading (SMT) on Power5.
1668  private:
1669   inline void smt_prio_very_low();
1670   inline void smt_prio_medium_high();
1671   inline void smt_prio_high();
1672 
1673  public:
1674   inline void smt_prio_low();
1675   inline void smt_prio_medium_low();
1676   inline void smt_prio_medium();
1677 
1678   // trap instructions
1679   inline void twi_0(Register a); // for load with acquire semantics use load+twi_0+isync (trap can't occur)
1680   // NOT FOR DIRECT USE!!
1681  protected:
1682   inline void tdi_unchecked(int tobits, Register a, int si16);
1683   inline void twi_unchecked(int tobits, Register a, int si16);
1684   inline void tdi(          int tobits, Register a, int si16);   // asserts UseSIGTRAP
1685   inline void twi(          int tobits, Register a, int si16);   // asserts UseSIGTRAP
1686   inline void td(           int tobits, Register a, Register b); // asserts UseSIGTRAP
1687   inline void tw(           int tobits, Register a, Register b); // asserts UseSIGTRAP
1688 
1689   static bool is_tdi(int x, int tobits, int ra, int si16) {
1690      return (TDI_OPCODE == (x & TDI_OPCODE_MASK))
1691          && (tobits == inv_to_field(x))
1692          && (ra == -1/*any reg*/ || ra == inv_ra_field(x))
1693          && (si16 == inv_si_field(x));
1694   }
1695 
1696   static bool is_twi(int x, int tobits, int ra, int si16) {
1697      return (TWI_OPCODE == (x & TWI_OPCODE_MASK))
1698          && (tobits == inv_to_field(x))
1699          && (ra == -1/*any reg*/ || ra == inv_ra_field(x))
1700          && (si16 == inv_si_field(x));
1701   }
1702 
1703   static bool is_twi(int x, int tobits, int ra) {
1704      return (TWI_OPCODE == (x & TWI_OPCODE_MASK))
1705          && (tobits == inv_to_field(x))
1706          && (ra == -1/*any reg*/ || ra == inv_ra_field(x));
1707   }
1708 
1709   static bool is_td(int x, int tobits, int ra, int rb) {
1710      return (TD_OPCODE == (x & TD_OPCODE_MASK))
1711          && (tobits == inv_to_field(x))
1712          && (ra == -1/*any reg*/ || ra == inv_ra_field(x))
1713          && (rb == -1/*any reg*/ || rb == inv_rb_field(x));
1714   }
1715 
1716   static bool is_tw(int x, int tobits, int ra, int rb) {
1717      return (TW_OPCODE == (x & TW_OPCODE_MASK))
1718          && (tobits == inv_to_field(x))
1719          && (ra == -1/*any reg*/ || ra == inv_ra_field(x))
1720          && (rb == -1/*any reg*/ || rb == inv_rb_field(x));
1721   }
1722 
1723  public:
1724   // PPC floating point instructions
1725   // PPC 1, section 4.6.2 Floating-Point Load Instructions
1726   inline void lfs(  FloatRegister d, int si16,   Register a);
1727   inline void lfsu( FloatRegister d, int si16,   Register a);
1728   inline void lfsx( FloatRegister d, Register a, Register b);
1729   inline void lfd(  FloatRegister d, int si16,   Register a);
1730   inline void lfdu( FloatRegister d, int si16,   Register a);
1731   inline void lfdx( FloatRegister d, Register a, Register b);
1732 
1733   // PPC 1, section 4.6.3 Floating-Point Store Instructions
1734   inline void stfs(  FloatRegister s, int si16,   Register a);
1735   inline void stfsu( FloatRegister s, int si16,   Register a);
1736   inline void stfsx( FloatRegister s, Register a, Register b);
1737   inline void stfd(  FloatRegister s, int si16,   Register a);
1738   inline void stfdu( FloatRegister s, int si16,   Register a);
1739   inline void stfdx( FloatRegister s, Register a, Register b);
1740 
1741   // PPC 1, section 4.6.4 Floating-Point Move Instructions
1742   inline void fmr(  FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
1743   inline void fmr_( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
1744 
1745   //  inline void mffgpr( FloatRegister d, Register b);
1746   //  inline void mftgpr( Register d, FloatRegister b);
1747   inline void cmpb(   Register a, Register s, Register b);
1748   inline void popcntb(Register a, Register s);
1749   inline void popcntw(Register a, Register s);
1750   inline void popcntd(Register a, Register s);
1751 
1752   inline void fneg(  FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
1753   inline void fneg_( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
1754   inline void fabs(  FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
1755   inline void fabs_( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
1756   inline void fnabs( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
1757   inline void fnabs_(FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
1758 
1759   // PPC 1, section 4.6.5.1 Floating-Point Elementary Arithmetic Instructions
1760   inline void fadd(  FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister b);
1761   inline void fadd_( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister b);
1762   inline void fadds( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister b);
1763   inline void fadds_(FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister b);
1764   inline void fsub(  FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister b);
1765   inline void fsub_( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister b);
1766   inline void fsubs( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister b);
1767   inline void fsubs_(FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister b);
1768   inline void fmul(  FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister c);
1769   inline void fmul_( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister c);
1770   inline void fmuls( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister c);
1771   inline void fmuls_(FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister c);
1772   inline void fdiv(  FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister b);
1773   inline void fdiv_( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister b);
1774   inline void fdivs( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister b);
1775   inline void fdivs_(FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister b);
1776 
1777   // PPC 1, section 4.6.6 Floating-Point Rounding and Conversion Instructions
1778   inline void frsp(  FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
1779   inline void fctid( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
1780   inline void fctidz(FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
1781   inline void fctiw( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
1782   inline void fctiwz(FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
1783   inline void fcfid( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
1784   inline void fcfids(FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
1785 
1786   // PPC 1, section 4.6.7 Floating-Point Compare Instructions
1787   inline void fcmpu( ConditionRegister crx, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister b);
1788 
1789   inline void fsqrt( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
1790   inline void fsqrts(FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
1791 
1792   // Vector instructions for >= Power6.
1793   inline void lvebx(    VectorRegister d, Register s1, Register s2);
1794   inline void lvehx(    VectorRegister d, Register s1, Register s2);
1795   inline void lvewx(    VectorRegister d, Register s1, Register s2);
1796   inline void lvx(      VectorRegister d, Register s1, Register s2);
1797   inline void lvxl(     VectorRegister d, Register s1, Register s2);
1798   inline void stvebx(   VectorRegister d, Register s1, Register s2);
1799   inline void stvehx(   VectorRegister d, Register s1, Register s2);
1800   inline void stvewx(   VectorRegister d, Register s1, Register s2);
1801   inline void stvx(     VectorRegister d, Register s1, Register s2);
1802   inline void stvxl(    VectorRegister d, Register s1, Register s2);
1803   inline void lvsl(     VectorRegister d, Register s1, Register s2);
1804   inline void lvsr(     VectorRegister d, Register s1, Register s2);
1805   inline void vpkpx(    VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1806   inline void vpkshss(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1807   inline void vpkswss(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1808   inline void vpkshus(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1809   inline void vpkswus(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1810   inline void vpkuhum(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1811   inline void vpkuwum(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1812   inline void vpkuhus(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1813   inline void vpkuwus(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1814   inline void vupkhpx(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister b);
1815   inline void vupkhsb(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister b);
1816   inline void vupkhsh(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister b);
1817   inline void vupklpx(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister b);
1818   inline void vupklsb(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister b);
1819   inline void vupklsh(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister b);
1820   inline void vmrghb(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1821   inline void vmrghw(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1822   inline void vmrghh(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1823   inline void vmrglb(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1824   inline void vmrglw(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1825   inline void vmrglh(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1826   inline void vsplt(    VectorRegister d, int ui4,          VectorRegister b);
1827   inline void vsplth(   VectorRegister d, int ui3,          VectorRegister b);
1828   inline void vspltw(   VectorRegister d, int ui2,          VectorRegister b);
1829   inline void vspltisb( VectorRegister d, int si5);
1830   inline void vspltish( VectorRegister d, int si5);
1831   inline void vspltisw( VectorRegister d, int si5);
1832   inline void vperm(    VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b, VectorRegister c);
1833   inline void vsel(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b, VectorRegister c);
1834   inline void vsl(      VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1835   inline void vsldoi(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b, int si4);
1836   inline void vslo(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1837   inline void vsr(      VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1838   inline void vsro(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1839   inline void vaddcuw(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1840   inline void vaddshs(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1841   inline void vaddsbs(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1842   inline void vaddsws(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1843   inline void vaddubm(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1844   inline void vadduwm(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1845   inline void vadduhm(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1846   inline void vaddubs(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1847   inline void vadduws(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1848   inline void vadduhs(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1849   inline void vsubcuw(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1850   inline void vsubshs(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1851   inline void vsubsbs(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1852   inline void vsubsws(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1853   inline void vsububm(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1854   inline void vsubuwm(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1855   inline void vsubuhm(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1856   inline void vsububs(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1857   inline void vsubuws(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1858   inline void vsubuhs(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1859   inline void vmulesb(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1860   inline void vmuleub(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1861   inline void vmulesh(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1862   inline void vmuleuh(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1863   inline void vmulosb(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1864   inline void vmuloub(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1865   inline void vmulosh(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1866   inline void vmulouh(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1867   inline void vmhaddshs(VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b, VectorRegister c);
1868   inline void vmhraddshs(VectorRegister d,VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b, VectorRegister c);
1869   inline void vmladduhm(VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b, VectorRegister c);
1870   inline void vmsubuhm( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b, VectorRegister c);
1871   inline void vmsummbm( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b, VectorRegister c);
1872   inline void vmsumshm( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b, VectorRegister c);
1873   inline void vmsumshs( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b, VectorRegister c);
1874   inline void vmsumuhm( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b, VectorRegister c);
1875   inline void vmsumuhs( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b, VectorRegister c);
1876   inline void vsumsws(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1877   inline void vsum2sws( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1878   inline void vsum4sbs( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1879   inline void vsum4ubs( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1880   inline void vsum4shs( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1881   inline void vavgsb(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1882   inline void vavgsw(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1883   inline void vavgsh(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1884   inline void vavgub(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1885   inline void vavguw(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1886   inline void vavguh(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1887   inline void vmaxsb(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1888   inline void vmaxsw(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1889   inline void vmaxsh(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1890   inline void vmaxub(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1891   inline void vmaxuw(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1892   inline void vmaxuh(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1893   inline void vminsb(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1894   inline void vminsw(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1895   inline void vminsh(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1896   inline void vminub(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1897   inline void vminuw(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1898   inline void vminuh(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1899   inline void vcmpequb( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1900   inline void vcmpequh( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1901   inline void vcmpequw( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1902   inline void vcmpgtsh( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1903   inline void vcmpgtsb( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1904   inline void vcmpgtsw( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1905   inline void vcmpgtub( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1906   inline void vcmpgtuh( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1907   inline void vcmpgtuw( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1908   inline void vcmpequb_(VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1909   inline void vcmpequh_(VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1910   inline void vcmpequw_(VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1911   inline void vcmpgtsh_(VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1912   inline void vcmpgtsb_(VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1913   inline void vcmpgtsw_(VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1914   inline void vcmpgtub_(VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1915   inline void vcmpgtuh_(VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1916   inline void vcmpgtuw_(VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1917   inline void vand(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1918   inline void vandc(    VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1919   inline void vnor(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1920   inline void vor(      VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1921   inline void vxor(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1922   inline void vrld(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1923   inline void vrlb(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1924   inline void vrlw(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1925   inline void vrlh(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1926   inline void vslb(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1927   inline void vskw(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1928   inline void vslh(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1929   inline void vsrb(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1930   inline void vsrw(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1931   inline void vsrh(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1932   inline void vsrab(    VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1933   inline void vsraw(    VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1934   inline void vsrah(    VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1935   // Vector Floating-Point not implemented yet
1936   inline void mtvscr(   VectorRegister b);
1937   inline void mfvscr(   VectorRegister d);
1938 
1939   // AES (introduced with Power 8)
1940   inline void vcipher(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1941   inline void vcipherlast( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1942   inline void vncipher(    VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1943   inline void vncipherlast(VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1944   inline void vsbox(       VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a);
1945 
1946   // SHA (introduced with Power 8)
1947   // Not yet implemented.
1948 
1949   // Vector Binary Polynomial Multiplication (introduced with Power 8)
1950   inline void vpmsumb(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1951   inline void vpmsumd(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1952   inline void vpmsumh(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1953   inline void vpmsumw(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
1954 
1955   // Vector Permute and Xor (introduced with Power 8)
1956   inline void vpermxor( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b, VectorRegister c);
1957 
1958   // Transactional Memory instructions (introduced with Power 8)
1959   inline void tbegin_();    // R=0
1960   inline void tbeginrot_(); // R=1 Rollback-Only Transaction
1961   inline void tend_();    // A=0
1962   inline void tendall_(); // A=1
1963   inline void tabort_(Register a);
1964   inline void tabortwc_(int t, Register a, Register b);
1965   inline void tabortwci_(int t, Register a, int si);
1966   inline void tabortdc_(int t, Register a, Register b);
1967   inline void tabortdci_(int t, Register a, int si);
1968   inline void tsuspend_(); // tsr with L=0
1969   inline void tresume_();  // tsr with L=1
1970   inline void tcheck(int f);
1971 
1972   // The following encoders use r0 as second operand. These instructions
1973   // read r0 as '0'.
1974   inline void lwzx( Register d, Register s2);
1975   inline void lwz(  Register d, int si16);
1976   inline void lwax( Register d, Register s2);
1977   inline void lwa(  Register d, int si16);
1978   inline void lwbrx(Register d, Register s2);
1979   inline void lhzx( Register d, Register s2);
1980   inline void lhz(  Register d, int si16);
1981   inline void lhax( Register d, Register s2);
1982   inline void lha(  Register d, int si16);
1983   inline void lhbrx(Register d, Register s2);
1984   inline void lbzx( Register d, Register s2);
1985   inline void lbz(  Register d, int si16);
1986   inline void ldx(  Register d, Register s2);
1987   inline void ld(   Register d, int si16);
1988   inline void stwx( Register d, Register s2);
1989   inline void stw(  Register d, int si16);
1990   inline void sthx( Register d, Register s2);
1991   inline void sth(  Register d, int si16);
1992   inline void stbx( Register d, Register s2);
1993   inline void stb(  Register d, int si16);
1994   inline void stdx( Register d, Register s2);
1995   inline void std(  Register d, int si16);
1996 
1997   // PPC 2, section 3.2.1 Instruction Cache Instructions
1998   inline void icbi(    Register s2);
1999   // PPC 2, section 3.2.2 Data Cache Instructions
2000   //inlinevoid dcba(   Register s2); // Instruction for embedded processor only.
2001   inline void dcbz(    Register s2);
2002   inline void dcbst(   Register s2);
2003   inline void dcbf(    Register s2);
2004   // dcache read hint
2005   inline void dcbt(    Register s2);
2006   inline void dcbtct(  Register s2, int ct);
2007   inline void dcbtds(  Register s2, int ds);
2008   // dcache write hint
2009   inline void dcbtst(  Register s2);
2010   inline void dcbtstct(Register s2, int ct);
2011 
2012   // Atomics: use ra0mem to disallow R0 as base.
2013   inline void lwarx_unchecked(Register d, Register b, int eh1);
2014   inline void ldarx_unchecked(Register d, Register b, int eh1);
2015   inline void lwarx( Register d, Register b, bool hint_exclusive_access);
2016   inline void ldarx( Register d, Register b, bool hint_exclusive_access);
2017   inline void stwcx_(Register s, Register b);
2018   inline void stdcx_(Register s, Register b);
2019   inline void lfs(   FloatRegister d, int si16);
2020   inline void lfsx(  FloatRegister d, Register b);
2021   inline void lfd(   FloatRegister d, int si16);
2022   inline void lfdx(  FloatRegister d, Register b);
2023   inline void stfs(  FloatRegister s, int si16);
2024   inline void stfsx( FloatRegister s, Register b);
2025   inline void stfd(  FloatRegister s, int si16);
2026   inline void stfdx( FloatRegister s, Register b);
2027   inline void lvebx( VectorRegister d, Register s2);
2028   inline void lvehx( VectorRegister d, Register s2);
2029   inline void lvewx( VectorRegister d, Register s2);
2030   inline void lvx(   VectorRegister d, Register s2);
2031   inline void lvxl(  VectorRegister d, Register s2);
2032   inline void stvebx(VectorRegister d, Register s2);
2033   inline void stvehx(VectorRegister d, Register s2);
2034   inline void stvewx(VectorRegister d, Register s2);
2035   inline void stvx(  VectorRegister d, Register s2);
2036   inline void stvxl( VectorRegister d, Register s2);
2037   inline void lvsl(  VectorRegister d, Register s2);
2038   inline void lvsr(  VectorRegister d, Register s2);
2039 
2040   // RegisterOrConstant versions.
2041   // These emitters choose between the versions using two registers and
2042   // those with register and immediate, depending on the content of roc.
2043   // If the constant is not encodable as immediate, instructions to
2044   // load the constant are emitted beforehand. Store instructions need a
2045   // tmp reg if the constant is not encodable as immediate.
2046   // Size unpredictable.
2047   void ld(  Register d, RegisterOrConstant roc, Register s1 = noreg);
2048   void lwa( Register d, RegisterOrConstant roc, Register s1 = noreg);
2049   void lwz( Register d, RegisterOrConstant roc, Register s1 = noreg);
2050   void lha( Register d, RegisterOrConstant roc, Register s1 = noreg);
2051   void lhz( Register d, RegisterOrConstant roc, Register s1 = noreg);
2052   void lbz( Register d, RegisterOrConstant roc, Register s1 = noreg);
2053   void std( Register d, RegisterOrConstant roc, Register s1 = noreg, Register tmp = noreg);
2054   void stw( Register d, RegisterOrConstant roc, Register s1 = noreg, Register tmp = noreg);
2055   void sth( Register d, RegisterOrConstant roc, Register s1 = noreg, Register tmp = noreg);
2056   void stb( Register d, RegisterOrConstant roc, Register s1 = noreg, Register tmp = noreg);
2057   void add( Register d, RegisterOrConstant roc, Register s1);
2058   void subf(Register d, RegisterOrConstant roc, Register s1);
2059   void cmpd(ConditionRegister d, RegisterOrConstant roc, Register s1);
2060 
2061 
2062   // Emit several instructions to load a 64 bit constant. This issues a fixed
2063   // instruction pattern so that the constant can be patched later on.
2064   enum {
2065     load_const_size = 5 * BytesPerInstWord
2066   };
2067          void load_const(Register d, long a,            Register tmp = noreg);
2068   inline void load_const(Register d, void* a,           Register tmp = noreg);
2069   inline void load_const(Register d, Label& L,          Register tmp = noreg);
2070   inline void load_const(Register d, AddressLiteral& a, Register tmp = noreg);
2071 
2072   // Load a 64 bit constant, optimized, not identifyable.
2073   // Tmp can be used to increase ILP. Set return_simm16_rest = true to get a
2074   // 16 bit immediate offset. This is useful if the offset can be encoded in
2075   // a succeeding instruction.
2076          int load_const_optimized(Register d, long a,  Register tmp = noreg, bool return_simm16_rest = false);
2077   inline int load_const_optimized(Register d, void* a, Register tmp = noreg, bool return_simm16_rest = false) {
2078     return load_const_optimized(d, (long)(unsigned long)a, tmp, return_simm16_rest);
2079   }
2080 
2081   // Creation
2082   Assembler(CodeBuffer* code) : AbstractAssembler(code) {
2083 #ifdef CHECK_DELAY
2084     delay_state = no_delay;
2085 #endif
2086   }
2087 
2088   // Testing
2089 #ifndef PRODUCT
2090   void test_asm();
2091 #endif
2092 };
2093 
2094 
2095 #endif // CPU_PPC_VM_ASSEMBLER_PPC_HPP