1 /*
2 * Copyright (c) 1997, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
3 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
4 *
5 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
6 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
7 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
8 *
9 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
10 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
11 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
12 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
13 * accompanied this code).
14 *
15 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
16 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
17 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
18 *
19 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
20 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
21 * questions.
22 *
23 */
24
25 #include "precompiled.hpp"
26 #include "classfile/classLoader.hpp"
27 #include "classfile/classLoaderData.hpp"
28 #include "classfile/javaClasses.hpp"
29 #include "classfile/stringTable.hpp"
30 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
31 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
32 #include "code/codeCache.hpp"
33 #include "code/dependencies.hpp"
34 #include "gc_interface/collectedHeap.inline.hpp"
35 #include "interpreter/interpreter.hpp"
36 #include "memory/cardTableModRefBS.hpp"
37 #include "memory/filemap.hpp"
38 #include "memory/gcLocker.inline.hpp"
39 #include "memory/genCollectedHeap.hpp"
40 #include "memory/genRemSet.hpp"
41 #include "memory/generation.hpp"
42 #include "memory/metadataFactory.hpp"
43 #include "memory/metaspaceShared.hpp"
44 #include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"
45 #include "memory/space.hpp"
46 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
47 #include "memory/universe.inline.hpp"
48 #include "oops/constantPool.hpp"
49 #include "oops/instanceClassLoaderKlass.hpp"
50 #include "oops/instanceKlass.hpp"
51 #include "oops/instanceMirrorKlass.hpp"
52 #include "oops/instanceRefKlass.hpp"
53 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
54 #include "oops/typeArrayKlass.hpp"
55 #include "prims/jvmtiRedefineClassesTrace.hpp"
56 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
57 #include "runtime/atomic.inline.hpp"
58 #include "runtime/deoptimization.hpp"
59 #include "runtime/fprofiler.hpp"
60 #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
61 #include "runtime/init.hpp"
62 #include "runtime/java.hpp"
63 #include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"
64 #include "runtime/sharedRuntime.hpp"
65 #include "runtime/synchronizer.hpp"
66 #include "runtime/thread.inline.hpp"
67 #include "runtime/timer.hpp"
68 #include "runtime/vm_operations.hpp"
69 #include "services/memoryService.hpp"
70 #include "utilities/copy.hpp"
71 #include "utilities/events.hpp"
72 #include "utilities/hashtable.inline.hpp"
73 #include "utilities/preserveException.hpp"
74 #include "utilities/macros.hpp"
75 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
76 #include "gc_implementation/shared/adaptiveSizePolicy.hpp"
77 #include "gc_implementation/concurrentMarkSweep/cmsCollectorPolicy.hpp"
78 #include "gc_implementation/g1/g1CollectedHeap.inline.hpp"
79 #include "gc_implementation/g1/g1CollectorPolicy_ext.hpp"
80 #include "gc_implementation/parallelScavenge/parallelScavengeHeap.hpp"
81 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
82 #if INCLUDE_CDS
83 #include "classfile/sharedClassUtil.hpp"
84 #endif
85
86 PRAGMA_FORMAT_MUTE_WARNINGS_FOR_GCC
87
88 // Known objects
89 Klass* Universe::_boolArrayKlassObj = NULL;
90 Klass* Universe::_byteArrayKlassObj = NULL;
91 Klass* Universe::_charArrayKlassObj = NULL;
92 Klass* Universe::_intArrayKlassObj = NULL;
93 Klass* Universe::_shortArrayKlassObj = NULL;
94 Klass* Universe::_longArrayKlassObj = NULL;
95 Klass* Universe::_singleArrayKlassObj = NULL;
96 Klass* Universe::_doubleArrayKlassObj = NULL;
97 Klass* Universe::_typeArrayKlassObjs[T_VOID+1] = { NULL /*, NULL...*/ };
98 Klass* Universe::_objectArrayKlassObj = NULL;
99 oop Universe::_int_mirror = NULL;
100 oop Universe::_float_mirror = NULL;
101 oop Universe::_double_mirror = NULL;
102 oop Universe::_byte_mirror = NULL;
103 oop Universe::_bool_mirror = NULL;
104 oop Universe::_char_mirror = NULL;
105 oop Universe::_long_mirror = NULL;
106 oop Universe::_short_mirror = NULL;
107 oop Universe::_void_mirror = NULL;
108 oop Universe::_mirrors[T_VOID+1] = { NULL /*, NULL...*/ };
109 oop Universe::_main_thread_group = NULL;
110 oop Universe::_system_thread_group = NULL;
111 objArrayOop Universe::_the_empty_class_klass_array = NULL;
112 Array<Klass*>* Universe::_the_array_interfaces_array = NULL;
113 oop Universe::_the_null_string = NULL;
114 oop Universe::_the_min_jint_string = NULL;
115 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_finalizer_register_cache = NULL;
116 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_loader_addClass_cache = NULL;
117 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_pd_implies_cache = NULL;
118 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap = NULL;
119 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace = NULL;
120 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace = NULL;
121 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size = NULL;
122 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit = NULL;
123 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects = NULL;
124 objArrayOop Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array = NULL;
125 volatile jint Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count = 0;
126 bool Universe::_verify_in_progress = false;
127 oop Universe::_null_ptr_exception_instance = NULL;
128 oop Universe::_arithmetic_exception_instance = NULL;
129 oop Universe::_virtual_machine_error_instance = NULL;
130 oop Universe::_vm_exception = NULL;
131 oop Universe::_allocation_context_notification_obj = NULL;
132
133 Method* Universe::_throw_illegal_access_error = NULL;
134 Array<int>* Universe::_the_empty_int_array = NULL;
135 Array<u2>* Universe::_the_empty_short_array = NULL;
136 Array<Klass*>* Universe::_the_empty_klass_array = NULL;
137 Array<Method*>* Universe::_the_empty_method_array = NULL;
138
139 // These variables are guarded by FullGCALot_lock.
140 debug_only(objArrayOop Universe::_fullgc_alot_dummy_array = NULL;)
141 debug_only(int Universe::_fullgc_alot_dummy_next = 0;)
142
143 // Heap
144 int Universe::_verify_count = 0;
145
146 int Universe::_base_vtable_size = 0;
147 bool Universe::_bootstrapping = false;
148 bool Universe::_fully_initialized = false;
149
150 size_t Universe::_heap_capacity_at_last_gc;
151 size_t Universe::_heap_used_at_last_gc = 0;
152
153 CollectedHeap* Universe::_collectedHeap = NULL;
154
155 NarrowPtrStruct Universe::_narrow_oop = { NULL, 0, true };
156 NarrowPtrStruct Universe::_narrow_klass = { NULL, 0, true };
157 address Universe::_narrow_ptrs_base;
158
159 void Universe::basic_type_classes_do(void f(Klass*)) {
160 f(boolArrayKlassObj());
161 f(byteArrayKlassObj());
162 f(charArrayKlassObj());
163 f(intArrayKlassObj());
164 f(shortArrayKlassObj());
165 f(longArrayKlassObj());
166 f(singleArrayKlassObj());
167 f(doubleArrayKlassObj());
168 }
169
170 void Universe::oops_do(OopClosure* f, bool do_all) {
171
172 f->do_oop((oop*) &_int_mirror);
173 f->do_oop((oop*) &_float_mirror);
174 f->do_oop((oop*) &_double_mirror);
175 f->do_oop((oop*) &_byte_mirror);
176 f->do_oop((oop*) &_bool_mirror);
177 f->do_oop((oop*) &_char_mirror);
178 f->do_oop((oop*) &_long_mirror);
179 f->do_oop((oop*) &_short_mirror);
180 f->do_oop((oop*) &_void_mirror);
181
182 for (int i = T_BOOLEAN; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
183 f->do_oop((oop*) &_mirrors[i]);
184 }
185 assert(_mirrors[0] == NULL && _mirrors[T_BOOLEAN - 1] == NULL, "checking");
186
187 f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_empty_class_klass_array);
188 f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_null_string);
189 f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_min_jint_string);
190 f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_java_heap);
191 f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_metaspace);
192 f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace);
193 f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_array_size);
194 f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit);
195 f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects);
196 f->do_oop((oop*)&_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array);
197 f->do_oop((oop*)&_null_ptr_exception_instance);
198 f->do_oop((oop*)&_arithmetic_exception_instance);
199 f->do_oop((oop*)&_virtual_machine_error_instance);
200 f->do_oop((oop*)&_main_thread_group);
201 f->do_oop((oop*)&_system_thread_group);
202 f->do_oop((oop*)&_vm_exception);
203 f->do_oop((oop*)&_allocation_context_notification_obj);
204 debug_only(f->do_oop((oop*)&_fullgc_alot_dummy_array);)
205 }
206
207 // Serialize metadata in and out of CDS archive, not oops.
208 void Universe::serialize(SerializeClosure* f, bool do_all) {
209
210 f->do_ptr((void**)&_boolArrayKlassObj);
211 f->do_ptr((void**)&_byteArrayKlassObj);
212 f->do_ptr((void**)&_charArrayKlassObj);
213 f->do_ptr((void**)&_intArrayKlassObj);
214 f->do_ptr((void**)&_shortArrayKlassObj);
215 f->do_ptr((void**)&_longArrayKlassObj);
216 f->do_ptr((void**)&_singleArrayKlassObj);
217 f->do_ptr((void**)&_doubleArrayKlassObj);
218 f->do_ptr((void**)&_objectArrayKlassObj);
219
220 {
221 for (int i = 0; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
222 if (_typeArrayKlassObjs[i] != NULL) {
223 assert(i >= T_BOOLEAN, "checking");
224 f->do_ptr((void**)&_typeArrayKlassObjs[i]);
225 } else if (do_all) {
226 f->do_ptr((void**)&_typeArrayKlassObjs[i]);
227 }
228 }
229 }
230
231 f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_array_interfaces_array);
232 f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_int_array);
233 f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_short_array);
234 f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_method_array);
235 f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_klass_array);
236 _finalizer_register_cache->serialize(f);
237 _loader_addClass_cache->serialize(f);
238 _pd_implies_cache->serialize(f);
239 }
240
241 void Universe::check_alignment(uintx size, uintx alignment, const char* name) {
242 if (size < alignment || size % alignment != 0) {
243 vm_exit_during_initialization(
244 err_msg("Size of %s (" UINTX_FORMAT " bytes) must be aligned to " UINTX_FORMAT " bytes", name, size, alignment));
245 }
246 }
247
248 void initialize_basic_type_klass(Klass* k, TRAPS) {
249 Klass* ok = SystemDictionary::Object_klass();
250 if (UseSharedSpaces) {
251 ClassLoaderData* loader_data = ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data();
252 assert(k->super() == ok, "u3");
253 k->restore_unshareable_info(loader_data, Handle(), CHECK);
254 } else {
255 k->initialize_supers(ok, CHECK);
256 }
257 k->append_to_sibling_list();
258 }
259
260 void Universe::genesis(TRAPS) {
261 ResourceMark rm;
262
263 { FlagSetting fs(_bootstrapping, true);
264
265 { MutexLocker mc(Compile_lock);
266
267 // determine base vtable size; without that we cannot create the array klasses
268 compute_base_vtable_size();
269
270 if (!UseSharedSpaces) {
271 _boolArrayKlassObj = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_BOOLEAN, sizeof(jboolean), CHECK);
272 _charArrayKlassObj = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_CHAR, sizeof(jchar), CHECK);
273 _singleArrayKlassObj = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_FLOAT, sizeof(jfloat), CHECK);
274 _doubleArrayKlassObj = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_DOUBLE, sizeof(jdouble), CHECK);
275 _byteArrayKlassObj = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_BYTE, sizeof(jbyte), CHECK);
276 _shortArrayKlassObj = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_SHORT, sizeof(jshort), CHECK);
277 _intArrayKlassObj = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_INT, sizeof(jint), CHECK);
278 _longArrayKlassObj = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_LONG, sizeof(jlong), CHECK);
279
280 _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_BOOLEAN] = _boolArrayKlassObj;
281 _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_CHAR] = _charArrayKlassObj;
282 _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_FLOAT] = _singleArrayKlassObj;
283 _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_DOUBLE] = _doubleArrayKlassObj;
284 _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_BYTE] = _byteArrayKlassObj;
285 _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_SHORT] = _shortArrayKlassObj;
286 _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_INT] = _intArrayKlassObj;
287 _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_LONG] = _longArrayKlassObj;
288
289 ClassLoaderData* null_cld = ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data();
290
291 _the_array_interfaces_array = MetadataFactory::new_array<Klass*>(null_cld, 2, NULL, CHECK);
292 _the_empty_int_array = MetadataFactory::new_array<int>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
293 _the_empty_short_array = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
294 _the_empty_method_array = MetadataFactory::new_array<Method*>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
295 _the_empty_klass_array = MetadataFactory::new_array<Klass*>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
296 }
297 }
298
299 vmSymbols::initialize(CHECK);
300
301 SystemDictionary::initialize(CHECK);
302
303 Klass* ok = SystemDictionary::Object_klass();
304
305 _the_null_string = StringTable::intern("null", CHECK);
306 _the_min_jint_string = StringTable::intern("-2147483648", CHECK);
307
308 if (UseSharedSpaces) {
309 // Verify shared interfaces array.
310 assert(_the_array_interfaces_array->at(0) ==
311 SystemDictionary::Cloneable_klass(), "u3");
312 assert(_the_array_interfaces_array->at(1) ==
313 SystemDictionary::Serializable_klass(), "u3");
314 } else {
315 // Set up shared interfaces array. (Do this before supers are set up.)
316 _the_array_interfaces_array->at_put(0, SystemDictionary::Cloneable_klass());
317 _the_array_interfaces_array->at_put(1, SystemDictionary::Serializable_klass());
318 }
319
320 initialize_basic_type_klass(boolArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
321 initialize_basic_type_klass(charArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
322 initialize_basic_type_klass(singleArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
323 initialize_basic_type_klass(doubleArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
324 initialize_basic_type_klass(byteArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
325 initialize_basic_type_klass(shortArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
326 initialize_basic_type_klass(intArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
327 initialize_basic_type_klass(longArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
328 } // end of core bootstrapping
329
330 // Maybe this could be lifted up now that object array can be initialized
331 // during the bootstrapping.
332
333 // OLD
334 // Initialize _objectArrayKlass after core bootstraping to make
335 // sure the super class is set up properly for _objectArrayKlass.
336 // ---
337 // NEW
338 // Since some of the old system object arrays have been converted to
339 // ordinary object arrays, _objectArrayKlass will be loaded when
340 // SystemDictionary::initialize(CHECK); is run. See the extra check
341 // for Object_klass_loaded in objArrayKlassKlass::allocate_objArray_klass_impl.
342 _objectArrayKlassObj = InstanceKlass::
343 cast(SystemDictionary::Object_klass())->array_klass(1, CHECK);
344 // OLD
345 // Add the class to the class hierarchy manually to make sure that
346 // its vtable is initialized after core bootstrapping is completed.
347 // ---
348 // New
349 // Have already been initialized.
350 _objectArrayKlassObj->append_to_sibling_list();
351
352 // Compute is_jdk version flags.
353 // Only 1.3 or later has the java.lang.Shutdown class.
354 // Only 1.4 or later has the java.lang.CharSequence interface.
355 // Only 1.5 or later has the java.lang.management.MemoryUsage class.
356 if (JDK_Version::is_partially_initialized()) {
357 uint8_t jdk_version;
358 Klass* k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_null(
359 vmSymbols::java_lang_management_MemoryUsage(), THREAD);
360 CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION; // ignore exceptions
361 if (k == NULL) {
362 k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_null(
363 vmSymbols::java_lang_CharSequence(), THREAD);
364 CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION; // ignore exceptions
365 if (k == NULL) {
366 k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_null(
367 vmSymbols::java_lang_Shutdown(), THREAD);
368 CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION; // ignore exceptions
369 if (k == NULL) {
370 jdk_version = 2;
371 } else {
372 jdk_version = 3;
373 }
374 } else {
375 jdk_version = 4;
376 }
377 } else {
378 jdk_version = 5;
379 }
380 JDK_Version::fully_initialize(jdk_version);
381 }
382
383 #ifdef ASSERT
384 if (FullGCALot) {
385 // Allocate an array of dummy objects.
386 // We'd like these to be at the bottom of the old generation,
387 // so that when we free one and then collect,
388 // (almost) the whole heap moves
389 // and we find out if we actually update all the oops correctly.
390 // But we can't allocate directly in the old generation,
391 // so we allocate wherever, and hope that the first collection
392 // moves these objects to the bottom of the old generation.
393 // We can allocate directly in the permanent generation, so we do.
394 int size;
395 if (UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
396 warning("Using +FullGCALot with concurrent mark sweep gc "
397 "will not force all objects to relocate");
398 size = FullGCALotDummies;
399 } else {
400 size = FullGCALotDummies * 2;
401 }
402 objArrayOop naked_array = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Object_klass(), size, CHECK);
403 objArrayHandle dummy_array(THREAD, naked_array);
404 int i = 0;
405 while (i < size) {
406 // Allocate dummy in old generation
407 oop dummy = InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::Object_klass())->allocate_instance(CHECK);
408 dummy_array->obj_at_put(i++, dummy);
409 }
410 {
411 // Only modify the global variable inside the mutex.
412 // If we had a race to here, the other dummy_array instances
413 // and their elements just get dropped on the floor, which is fine.
414 MutexLocker ml(FullGCALot_lock);
415 if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_array == NULL) {
416 _fullgc_alot_dummy_array = dummy_array();
417 }
418 }
419 assert(i == _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->length(), "just checking");
420 }
421 #endif
422
423 // Initialize dependency array for null class loader
424 ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data()->init_dependencies(CHECK);
425
426 }
427
428 // CDS support for patching vtables in metadata in the shared archive.
429 // All types inherited from Metadata have vtables, but not types inherited
430 // from MetaspaceObj, because the latter does not have virtual functions.
431 // If the metadata type has a vtable, it cannot be shared in the read-only
432 // section of the CDS archive, because the vtable pointer is patched.
433 static inline void add_vtable(void** list, int* n, void* o, int count) {
434 guarantee((*n) < count, "vtable list too small");
435 void* vtable = dereference_vptr(o);
436 assert(*(void**)(vtable) != NULL, "invalid vtable");
437 list[(*n)++] = vtable;
438 }
439
440 void Universe::init_self_patching_vtbl_list(void** list, int count) {
441 int n = 0;
442 { InstanceKlass o; add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
443 { InstanceClassLoaderKlass o; add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
444 { InstanceMirrorKlass o; add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
445 { InstanceRefKlass o; add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
446 { TypeArrayKlass o; add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
447 { ObjArrayKlass o; add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
448 { Method o; add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
449 { ConstantPool o; add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
450 }
451
452 void Universe::initialize_basic_type_mirrors(TRAPS) {
453 assert(_int_mirror==NULL, "basic type mirrors already initialized");
454 _int_mirror =
455 java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("int", T_INT, CHECK);
456 _float_mirror =
457 java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("float", T_FLOAT, CHECK);
458 _double_mirror =
459 java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("double", T_DOUBLE, CHECK);
460 _byte_mirror =
461 java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("byte", T_BYTE, CHECK);
462 _bool_mirror =
463 java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("boolean",T_BOOLEAN, CHECK);
464 _char_mirror =
465 java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("char", T_CHAR, CHECK);
466 _long_mirror =
467 java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("long", T_LONG, CHECK);
468 _short_mirror =
469 java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("short", T_SHORT, CHECK);
470 _void_mirror =
471 java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("void", T_VOID, CHECK);
472
473 _mirrors[T_INT] = _int_mirror;
474 _mirrors[T_FLOAT] = _float_mirror;
475 _mirrors[T_DOUBLE] = _double_mirror;
476 _mirrors[T_BYTE] = _byte_mirror;
477 _mirrors[T_BOOLEAN] = _bool_mirror;
478 _mirrors[T_CHAR] = _char_mirror;
479 _mirrors[T_LONG] = _long_mirror;
480 _mirrors[T_SHORT] = _short_mirror;
481 _mirrors[T_VOID] = _void_mirror;
482 //_mirrors[T_OBJECT] = InstanceKlass::cast(_object_klass)->java_mirror();
483 //_mirrors[T_ARRAY] = InstanceKlass::cast(_object_klass)->java_mirror();
484 }
485
486 void Universe::fixup_mirrors(TRAPS) {
487 // Bootstrap problem: all classes gets a mirror (java.lang.Class instance) assigned eagerly,
488 // but we cannot do that for classes created before java.lang.Class is loaded. Here we simply
489 // walk over permanent objects created so far (mostly classes) and fixup their mirrors. Note
490 // that the number of objects allocated at this point is very small.
491 assert(SystemDictionary::Class_klass_loaded(), "java.lang.Class should be loaded");
492 HandleMark hm(THREAD);
493 // Cache the start of the static fields
494 InstanceMirrorKlass::init_offset_of_static_fields();
495
496 GrowableArray <Klass*>* list = java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror_list();
497 int list_length = list->length();
498 for (int i = 0; i < list_length; i++) {
499 Klass* k = list->at(i);
500 assert(k->is_klass(), "List should only hold classes");
501 EXCEPTION_MARK;
502 KlassHandle kh(THREAD, k);
503 java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror(kh, CATCH);
504 }
505 delete java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror_list();
506 java_lang_Class::set_fixup_mirror_list(NULL);
507 }
508
509 static bool has_run_finalizers_on_exit = false;
510
511 void Universe::run_finalizers_on_exit() {
512 if (has_run_finalizers_on_exit) return;
513 has_run_finalizers_on_exit = true;
514
515 // Called on VM exit. This ought to be run in a separate thread.
516 if (TraceReferenceGC) tty->print_cr("Callback to run finalizers on exit");
517 {
518 PRESERVE_EXCEPTION_MARK;
519 KlassHandle finalizer_klass(THREAD, SystemDictionary::Finalizer_klass());
520 JavaValue result(T_VOID);
521 JavaCalls::call_static(
522 &result,
523 finalizer_klass,
524 vmSymbols::run_finalizers_on_exit_name(),
525 vmSymbols::void_method_signature(),
526 THREAD
527 );
528 // Ignore any pending exceptions
529 CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
530 }
531 }
532
533
534 // initialize_vtable could cause gc if
535 // 1) we specified true to initialize_vtable and
536 // 2) this ran after gc was enabled
537 // In case those ever change we use handles for oops
538 void Universe::reinitialize_vtable_of(KlassHandle k_h, TRAPS) {
539 // init vtable of k and all subclasses
540 Klass* ko = k_h();
541 klassVtable* vt = ko->vtable();
542 if (vt) vt->initialize_vtable(false, CHECK);
543 if (ko->oop_is_instance()) {
544 InstanceKlass* ik = (InstanceKlass*)ko;
545 for (KlassHandle s_h(THREAD, ik->subklass());
546 s_h() != NULL;
547 s_h = KlassHandle(THREAD, s_h()->next_sibling())) {
548 reinitialize_vtable_of(s_h, CHECK);
549 }
550 }
551 }
552
553
554 void initialize_itable_for_klass(Klass* k, TRAPS) {
555 InstanceKlass::cast(k)->itable()->initialize_itable(false, CHECK);
556 }
557
558
559 void Universe::reinitialize_itables(TRAPS) {
560 SystemDictionary::classes_do(initialize_itable_for_klass, CHECK);
561
562 }
563
564
565 bool Universe::on_page_boundary(void* addr) {
566 return ((uintptr_t) addr) % os::vm_page_size() == 0;
567 }
568
569
570 bool Universe::should_fill_in_stack_trace(Handle throwable) {
571 // never attempt to fill in the stack trace of preallocated errors that do not have
572 // backtrace. These errors are kept alive forever and may be "re-used" when all
573 // preallocated errors with backtrace have been consumed. Also need to avoid
574 // a potential loop which could happen if an out of memory occurs when attempting
575 // to allocate the backtrace.
576 return ((throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap) &&
577 (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace) &&
578 (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace) &&
579 (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size) &&
580 (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit) &&
581 (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects));
582 }
583
584
585 oop Universe::gen_out_of_memory_error(oop default_err) {
586 // generate an out of memory error:
587 // - if there is a preallocated error with backtrace available then return it wth
588 // a filled in stack trace.
589 // - if there are no preallocated errors with backtrace available then return
590 // an error without backtrace.
591 int next;
592 if (_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count > 0) {
593 next = (int)Atomic::add(-1, &_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count);
594 assert(next < (int)PreallocatedOutOfMemoryErrorCount, "avail count is corrupt");
595 } else {
596 next = -1;
597 }
598 if (next < 0) {
599 // all preallocated errors have been used.
600 // return default
601 return default_err;
602 } else {
603 // get the error object at the slot and set set it to NULL so that the
604 // array isn't keeping it alive anymore.
605 oop exc = preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at(next);
606 assert(exc != NULL, "slot has been used already");
607 preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at_put(next, NULL);
608
609 // use the message from the default error
610 oop msg = java_lang_Throwable::message(default_err);
611 assert(msg != NULL, "no message");
612 java_lang_Throwable::set_message(exc, msg);
613
614 // populate the stack trace and return it.
615 java_lang_Throwable::fill_in_stack_trace_of_preallocated_backtrace(exc);
616 return exc;
617 }
618 }
619
620 intptr_t Universe::_non_oop_bits = 0;
621
622 void* Universe::non_oop_word() {
623 // Neither the high bits nor the low bits of this value is allowed
624 // to look like (respectively) the high or low bits of a real oop.
625 //
626 // High and low are CPU-specific notions, but low always includes
627 // the low-order bit. Since oops are always aligned at least mod 4,
628 // setting the low-order bit will ensure that the low half of the
629 // word will never look like that of a real oop.
630 //
631 // Using the OS-supplied non-memory-address word (usually 0 or -1)
632 // will take care of the high bits, however many there are.
633
634 if (_non_oop_bits == 0) {
635 _non_oop_bits = (intptr_t)os::non_memory_address_word() | 1;
636 }
637
638 return (void*)_non_oop_bits;
639 }
640
641 jint universe_init() {
642 assert(!Universe::_fully_initialized, "called after initialize_vtables");
643 guarantee(1 << LogHeapWordSize == sizeof(HeapWord),
644 "LogHeapWordSize is incorrect.");
645 guarantee(sizeof(oop) >= sizeof(HeapWord), "HeapWord larger than oop?");
646 guarantee(sizeof(oop) % sizeof(HeapWord) == 0,
647 "oop size is not not a multiple of HeapWord size");
648 TraceTime timer("Genesis", TraceStartupTime);
649 JavaClasses::compute_hard_coded_offsets();
650
651 jint status = Universe::initialize_heap();
652 if (status != JNI_OK) {
653 return status;
654 }
655
656 Metaspace::global_initialize();
657
658 // Create memory for metadata. Must be after initializing heap for
659 // DumpSharedSpaces.
660 ClassLoaderData::init_null_class_loader_data();
661
662 // We have a heap so create the Method* caches before
663 // Metaspace::initialize_shared_spaces() tries to populate them.
664 Universe::_finalizer_register_cache = new LatestMethodCache();
665 Universe::_loader_addClass_cache = new LatestMethodCache();
666 Universe::_pd_implies_cache = new LatestMethodCache();
667
668 if (UseSharedSpaces) {
669 // Read the data structures supporting the shared spaces (shared
670 // system dictionary, symbol table, etc.). After that, access to
671 // the file (other than the mapped regions) is no longer needed, and
672 // the file is closed. Closing the file does not affect the
673 // currently mapped regions.
674 MetaspaceShared::initialize_shared_spaces();
675 StringTable::create_table();
676 } else {
677 SymbolTable::create_table();
678 StringTable::create_table();
679 ClassLoader::create_package_info_table();
680
681 if (DumpSharedSpaces) {
682 MetaspaceShared::prepare_for_dumping();
683 }
684 }
685
686 return JNI_OK;
687 }
688
689 // Choose the heap base address and oop encoding mode
690 // when compressed oops are used:
691 // Unscaled - Use 32-bits oops without encoding when
692 // NarrowOopHeapBaseMin + heap_size < 4Gb
693 // ZeroBased - Use zero based compressed oops with encoding when
694 // NarrowOopHeapBaseMin + heap_size < 32Gb
695 // HeapBased - Use compressed oops with heap base + encoding.
696
697 // 4Gb
698 static const uint64_t UnscaledOopHeapMax = (uint64_t(max_juint) + 1);
699 // 32Gb
700 // OopEncodingHeapMax == UnscaledOopHeapMax << LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes;
701
702 char* Universe::preferred_heap_base(size_t heap_size, size_t alignment, NARROW_OOP_MODE mode) {
703 assert(is_size_aligned((size_t)OopEncodingHeapMax, alignment), "Must be");
704 assert(is_size_aligned((size_t)UnscaledOopHeapMax, alignment), "Must be");
705 assert(is_size_aligned(heap_size, alignment), "Must be");
706
707 uintx heap_base_min_address_aligned = align_size_up(HeapBaseMinAddress, alignment);
708
709 size_t base = 0;
710 #ifdef _LP64
711 if (UseCompressedOops) {
712 assert(mode == UnscaledNarrowOop ||
713 mode == ZeroBasedNarrowOop ||
714 mode == HeapBasedNarrowOop, "mode is invalid");
715 const size_t total_size = heap_size + heap_base_min_address_aligned;
716 // Return specified base for the first request.
717 if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(HeapBaseMinAddress) && (mode == UnscaledNarrowOop)) {
718 base = heap_base_min_address_aligned;
719
720 // If the total size is small enough to allow UnscaledNarrowOop then
721 // just use UnscaledNarrowOop.
722 } else if ((total_size <= OopEncodingHeapMax) && (mode != HeapBasedNarrowOop)) {
723 if ((total_size <= UnscaledOopHeapMax) && (mode == UnscaledNarrowOop) &&
724 (Universe::narrow_oop_shift() == 0)) {
725 // Use 32-bits oops without encoding and
726 // place heap's top on the 4Gb boundary
727 base = (UnscaledOopHeapMax - heap_size);
728 } else {
729 // Can't reserve with NarrowOopShift == 0
730 Universe::set_narrow_oop_shift(LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes);
731
732 if (mode == UnscaledNarrowOop ||
733 mode == ZeroBasedNarrowOop && total_size <= UnscaledOopHeapMax) {
734
735 // Use zero based compressed oops with encoding and
736 // place heap's top on the 32Gb boundary in case
737 // total_size > 4Gb or failed to reserve below 4Gb.
738 uint64_t heap_top = OopEncodingHeapMax;
739
740 // For small heaps, save some space for compressed class pointer
741 // space so it can be decoded with no base.
742 if (UseCompressedClassPointers && !UseSharedSpaces &&
743 OopEncodingHeapMax <= 32*G) {
744
745 uint64_t class_space = align_size_up(CompressedClassSpaceSize, alignment);
746 assert(is_size_aligned((size_t)OopEncodingHeapMax-class_space,
747 alignment), "difference must be aligned too");
748 uint64_t new_top = OopEncodingHeapMax-class_space;
749
750 if (total_size <= new_top) {
751 heap_top = new_top;
752 }
753 }
754
755 // Align base to the adjusted top of the heap
756 base = heap_top - heap_size;
757 }
758 }
759 } else {
760 // UnscaledNarrowOop encoding didn't work, and no base was found for ZeroBasedOops or
761 // HeapBasedNarrowOop encoding was requested. So, can't reserve below 32Gb.
762 Universe::set_narrow_oop_shift(LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes);
763 }
764
765 // Set narrow_oop_base and narrow_oop_use_implicit_null_checks
766 // used in ReservedHeapSpace() constructors.
767 // The final values will be set in initialize_heap() below.
768 if ((base != 0) && ((base + heap_size) <= OopEncodingHeapMax)) {
769 // Use zero based compressed oops
770 Universe::set_narrow_oop_base(NULL);
771 // Don't need guard page for implicit checks in indexed
772 // addressing mode with zero based Compressed Oops.
773 Universe::set_narrow_oop_use_implicit_null_checks(true);
774 } else {
775 // Set to a non-NULL value so the ReservedSpace ctor computes
776 // the correct no-access prefix.
777 // The final value will be set in initialize_heap() below.
778 Universe::set_narrow_oop_base((address)UnscaledOopHeapMax);
779 #if defined(_WIN64) || defined(AIX)
780 if (UseLargePages) {
781 // Cannot allocate guard pages for implicit checks in indexed
782 // addressing mode when large pages are specified on windows.
783 Universe::set_narrow_oop_use_implicit_null_checks(false);
784 }
785 #endif // _WIN64
786 }
787 }
788 #endif
789
790 assert(is_ptr_aligned((char*)base, alignment), "Must be");
791 return (char*)base; // also return NULL (don't care) for 32-bit VM
792 }
793
794 jint Universe::initialize_heap() {
795
796 if (UseParallelGC) {
797 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
798 Universe::_collectedHeap = new ParallelScavengeHeap();
799 #else // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
800 fatal("UseParallelGC not supported in this VM.");
801 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
802
803 } else if (UseG1GC) {
804 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
805 G1CollectorPolicyExt* g1p = new G1CollectorPolicyExt();
806 g1p->initialize_all();
807 G1CollectedHeap* g1h = new G1CollectedHeap(g1p);
808 Universe::_collectedHeap = g1h;
809 #else // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
810 fatal("UseG1GC not supported in java kernel vm.");
811 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
812
813 } else {
814 GenCollectorPolicy *gc_policy;
815
816 if (UseSerialGC) {
817 gc_policy = new MarkSweepPolicy();
818 } else if (UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
819 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
820 gc_policy = new ConcurrentMarkSweepPolicy();
821 #else // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
822 fatal("UseConcMarkSweepGC not supported in this VM.");
823 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
824 } else { // default old generation
825 gc_policy = new MarkSweepPolicy();
826 }
827 gc_policy->initialize_all();
828
829 Universe::_collectedHeap = new GenCollectedHeap(gc_policy);
830 }
831
832 ThreadLocalAllocBuffer::set_max_size(Universe::heap()->max_tlab_size());
833
834 jint status = Universe::heap()->initialize();
835 if (status != JNI_OK) {
836 return status;
837 }
838
839 #ifdef _LP64
840 if (UseCompressedOops) {
841 // Subtract a page because something can get allocated at heap base.
842 // This also makes implicit null checking work, because the
843 // memory+1 page below heap_base needs to cause a signal.
844 // See needs_explicit_null_check.
845 // Only set the heap base for compressed oops because it indicates
846 // compressed oops for pstack code.
847 if (((uint64_t)Universe::heap()->reserved_region().end() > OopEncodingHeapMax)) {
848 // Can't reserve heap below 32Gb.
849 // keep the Universe::narrow_oop_base() set in Universe::reserve_heap()
850 Universe::set_narrow_oop_shift(LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes);
851 #ifdef AIX
852 // There is no protected page before the heap. This assures all oops
853 // are decoded so that NULL is preserved, so this page will not be accessed.
854 Universe::set_narrow_oop_use_implicit_null_checks(false);
855 #endif
856 } else {
857 Universe::set_narrow_oop_base(0);
858 #ifdef _WIN64
859 if (!Universe::narrow_oop_use_implicit_null_checks()) {
860 // Don't need guard page for implicit checks in indexed addressing
861 // mode with zero based Compressed Oops.
862 Universe::set_narrow_oop_use_implicit_null_checks(true);
863 }
864 #endif // _WIN64
865 if((uint64_t)Universe::heap()->reserved_region().end() > UnscaledOopHeapMax) {
866 // Can't reserve heap below 4Gb.
867 Universe::set_narrow_oop_shift(LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes);
868 } else {
869 Universe::set_narrow_oop_shift(0);
870 }
871 }
872
873 Universe::set_narrow_ptrs_base(Universe::narrow_oop_base());
874
875 if (PrintCompressedOopsMode || (PrintMiscellaneous && Verbose)) {
876 Universe::print_compressed_oops_mode();
877 }
878 }
879 // Universe::narrow_oop_base() is one page below the heap.
880 assert((intptr_t)Universe::narrow_oop_base() <= (intptr_t)(Universe::heap()->base() -
881 os::vm_page_size()) ||
882 Universe::narrow_oop_base() == NULL, "invalid value");
883 assert(Universe::narrow_oop_shift() == LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes ||
884 Universe::narrow_oop_shift() == 0, "invalid value");
885 #endif
886
887 // We will never reach the CATCH below since Exceptions::_throw will cause
888 // the VM to exit if an exception is thrown during initialization
889
890 if (UseTLAB) {
891 assert(Universe::heap()->supports_tlab_allocation(),
892 "Should support thread-local allocation buffers");
893 ThreadLocalAllocBuffer::startup_initialization();
894 }
895 return JNI_OK;
896 }
897
898 void Universe::print_compressed_oops_mode() {
899 tty->cr();
900 tty->print("heap address: " PTR_FORMAT ", size: " SIZE_FORMAT " MB",
901 Universe::heap()->base(), Universe::heap()->reserved_region().byte_size()/M);
902
903 tty->print(", Compressed Oops mode: %s", narrow_oop_mode_to_string(narrow_oop_mode()));
904
905 if (Universe::narrow_oop_base() != 0) {
906 tty->print(":" PTR_FORMAT, Universe::narrow_oop_base());
907 }
908
909 if (Universe::narrow_oop_shift() != 0) {
910 tty->print(", Oop shift amount: %d", Universe::narrow_oop_shift());
911 }
912
913 tty->cr();
914 tty->cr();
915 }
916
917 // Reserve the Java heap, which is now the same for all GCs.
918 ReservedSpace Universe::reserve_heap(size_t heap_size, size_t alignment) {
919 assert(alignment <= Arguments::conservative_max_heap_alignment(),
920 err_msg("actual alignment "SIZE_FORMAT" must be within maximum heap alignment "SIZE_FORMAT,
921 alignment, Arguments::conservative_max_heap_alignment()));
922 size_t total_reserved = align_size_up(heap_size, alignment);
923 assert(!UseCompressedOops || (total_reserved <= (OopEncodingHeapMax - os::vm_page_size())),
924 "heap size is too big for compressed oops");
925
926 bool use_large_pages = UseLargePages && is_size_aligned(alignment, os::large_page_size());
927 assert(!UseLargePages
928 || UseParallelGC
929 || use_large_pages, "Wrong alignment to use large pages");
930
931 char* addr = Universe::preferred_heap_base(total_reserved, alignment, Universe::UnscaledNarrowOop);
932
933 ReservedHeapSpace total_rs(total_reserved, alignment, use_large_pages, addr);
934
935 if (UseCompressedOops) {
936 if (addr != NULL && !total_rs.is_reserved()) {
937 // Failed to reserve at specified address - the requested memory
938 // region is taken already, for example, by 'java' launcher.
939 // Try again to reserver heap higher.
940 addr = Universe::preferred_heap_base(total_reserved, alignment, Universe::ZeroBasedNarrowOop);
941
942 ReservedHeapSpace total_rs0(total_reserved, alignment,
943 use_large_pages, addr);
944
945 if (addr != NULL && !total_rs0.is_reserved()) {
946 // Failed to reserve at specified address again - give up.
947 addr = Universe::preferred_heap_base(total_reserved, alignment, Universe::HeapBasedNarrowOop);
948 assert(addr == NULL, "");
949
950 ReservedHeapSpace total_rs1(total_reserved, alignment,
951 use_large_pages, addr);
952 total_rs = total_rs1;
953 } else {
954 total_rs = total_rs0;
955 }
956 }
957 }
958
959 if (!total_rs.is_reserved()) {
960 vm_exit_during_initialization(err_msg("Could not reserve enough space for " SIZE_FORMAT "KB object heap", total_reserved/K));
961 return total_rs;
962 }
963
964 if (UseCompressedOops) {
965 // Universe::initialize_heap() will reset this to NULL if unscaled
966 // or zero-based narrow oops are actually used.
967 address base = (address)(total_rs.base() - os::vm_page_size());
968 Universe::set_narrow_oop_base(base);
969 }
970 return total_rs;
971 }
972
973
974 // It's the caller's responsibility to ensure glitch-freedom
975 // (if required).
976 void Universe::update_heap_info_at_gc() {
977 _heap_capacity_at_last_gc = heap()->capacity();
978 _heap_used_at_last_gc = heap()->used();
979 }
980
981
982 const char* Universe::narrow_oop_mode_to_string(Universe::NARROW_OOP_MODE mode) {
983 switch (mode) {
984 case UnscaledNarrowOop:
985 return "32-bit";
986 case ZeroBasedNarrowOop:
987 return "Zero based";
988 case HeapBasedNarrowOop:
989 return "Non-zero based";
990 }
991
992 ShouldNotReachHere();
993 return "";
994 }
995
996
997 Universe::NARROW_OOP_MODE Universe::narrow_oop_mode() {
998 if (narrow_oop_base() != 0) {
999 return HeapBasedNarrowOop;
1000 }
1001
1002 if (narrow_oop_shift() != 0) {
1003 return ZeroBasedNarrowOop;
1004 }
1005
1006 return UnscaledNarrowOop;
1007 }
1008
1009
1010 void universe2_init() {
1011 EXCEPTION_MARK;
1012 Universe::genesis(CATCH);
1013 }
1014
1015
1016 bool universe_post_init() {
1017 assert(!is_init_completed(), "Error: initialization not yet completed!");
1018 Universe::_fully_initialized = true;
1019 EXCEPTION_MARK;
1020 { ResourceMark rm;
1021 Interpreter::initialize(); // needed for interpreter entry points
1022 if (!UseSharedSpaces) {
1023 HandleMark hm(THREAD);
1024 KlassHandle ok_h(THREAD, SystemDictionary::Object_klass());
1025 Universe::reinitialize_vtable_of(ok_h, CHECK_false);
1026 Universe::reinitialize_itables(CHECK_false);
1027 }
1028 }
1029
1030 HandleMark hm(THREAD);
1031 Klass* k;
1032 instanceKlassHandle k_h;
1033 // Setup preallocated empty java.lang.Class array
1034 Universe::_the_empty_class_klass_array = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Class_klass(), 0, CHECK_false);
1035
1036 // Setup preallocated OutOfMemoryError errors
1037 k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError(), true, CHECK_false);
1038 k_h = instanceKlassHandle(THREAD, k);
1039 Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap = k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1040 Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace = k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1041 Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace = k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1042 Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size = k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1043 Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit =
1044 k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1045 Universe::_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects = k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1046
1047 // Setup preallocated NullPointerException
1048 // (this is currently used for a cheap & dirty solution in compiler exception handling)
1049 k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException(), true, CHECK_false);
1050 Universe::_null_ptr_exception_instance = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1051 // Setup preallocated ArithmeticException
1052 // (this is currently used for a cheap & dirty solution in compiler exception handling)
1053 k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_ArithmeticException(), true, CHECK_false);
1054 Universe::_arithmetic_exception_instance = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1055 // Virtual Machine Error for when we get into a situation we can't resolve
1056 k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(
1057 vmSymbols::java_lang_VirtualMachineError(), true, CHECK_false);
1058 bool linked = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->link_class_or_fail(CHECK_false);
1059 if (!linked) {
1060 tty->print_cr("Unable to link/verify VirtualMachineError class");
1061 return false; // initialization failed
1062 }
1063 Universe::_virtual_machine_error_instance =
1064 InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1065
1066 Universe::_vm_exception = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1067
1068 if (!DumpSharedSpaces) {
1069 // These are the only Java fields that are currently set during shared space dumping.
1070 // We prefer to not handle this generally, so we always reinitialize these detail messages.
1071 Handle msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Java heap space", CHECK_false);
1072 java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap, msg());
1073
1074 msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Metaspace", CHECK_false);
1075 java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace, msg());
1076 msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Compressed class space", CHECK_false);
1077 java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace, msg());
1078
1079 msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Requested array size exceeds VM limit", CHECK_false);
1080 java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size, msg());
1081
1082 msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("GC overhead limit exceeded", CHECK_false);
1083 java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit, msg());
1084
1085 msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Java heap space: failed reallocation of scalar replaced objects", CHECK_false);
1086 java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects, msg());
1087
1088 msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("/ by zero", CHECK_false);
1089 java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_arithmetic_exception_instance, msg());
1090
1091 // Setup the array of errors that have preallocated backtrace
1092 k = Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap->klass();
1093 assert(k->name() == vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError(), "should be out of memory error");
1094 k_h = instanceKlassHandle(THREAD, k);
1095
1096 int len = (StackTraceInThrowable) ? (int)PreallocatedOutOfMemoryErrorCount : 0;
1097 Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array = oopFactory::new_objArray(k_h(), len, CHECK_false);
1098 for (int i=0; i<len; i++) {
1099 oop err = k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1100 Handle err_h = Handle(THREAD, err);
1101 java_lang_Throwable::allocate_backtrace(err_h, CHECK_false);
1102 Universe::preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at_put(i, err_h());
1103 }
1104 Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count = (jint)len;
1105 }
1106
1107
1108 // Setup static method for registering finalizers
1109 // The finalizer klass must be linked before looking up the method, in
1110 // case it needs to get rewritten.
1111 InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::Finalizer_klass())->link_class(CHECK_false);
1112 Method* m = InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::Finalizer_klass())->find_method(
1113 vmSymbols::register_method_name(),
1114 vmSymbols::register_method_signature());
1115 if (m == NULL || !m->is_static()) {
1116 tty->print_cr("Unable to link/verify Finalizer.register method");
1117 return false; // initialization failed (cannot throw exception yet)
1118 }
1119 Universe::_finalizer_register_cache->init(
1120 SystemDictionary::Finalizer_klass(), m);
1121
1122 InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::misc_Unsafe_klass())->link_class(CHECK_false);
1123 m = InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::misc_Unsafe_klass())->find_method(
1124 vmSymbols::throwIllegalAccessError_name(),
1125 vmSymbols::void_method_signature());
1126 if (m != NULL && !m->is_static()) {
1127 // Note null is okay; this method is used in itables, and if it is null,
1128 // then AbstractMethodError is thrown instead.
1129 tty->print_cr("Unable to link/verify Unsafe.throwIllegalAccessError method");
1130 return false; // initialization failed (cannot throw exception yet)
1131 }
1132 Universe::_throw_illegal_access_error = m;
1133
1134 // Setup method for registering loaded classes in class loader vector
1135 InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::ClassLoader_klass())->link_class(CHECK_false);
1136 m = InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::ClassLoader_klass())->find_method(vmSymbols::addClass_name(), vmSymbols::class_void_signature());
1137 if (m == NULL || m->is_static()) {
1138 tty->print_cr("Unable to link/verify ClassLoader.addClass method");
1139 return false; // initialization failed (cannot throw exception yet)
1140 }
1141 Universe::_loader_addClass_cache->init(
1142 SystemDictionary::ClassLoader_klass(), m);
1143
1144 // Setup method for checking protection domain
1145 InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::ProtectionDomain_klass())->link_class(CHECK_false);
1146 m = InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::ProtectionDomain_klass())->
1147 find_method(vmSymbols::impliesCreateAccessControlContext_name(),
1148 vmSymbols::void_boolean_signature());
1149 // Allow NULL which should only happen with bootstrapping.
1150 if (m != NULL) {
1151 if (m->is_static()) {
1152 // NoSuchMethodException doesn't actually work because it tries to run the
1153 // <init> function before java_lang_Class is linked. Print error and exit.
1154 tty->print_cr("ProtectionDomain.impliesCreateAccessControlContext() has the wrong linkage");
1155 return false; // initialization failed
1156 }
1157 Universe::_pd_implies_cache->init(
1158 SystemDictionary::ProtectionDomain_klass(), m);;
1159 }
1160
1161 // This needs to be done before the first scavenge/gc, since
1162 // it's an input to soft ref clearing policy.
1163 {
1164 MutexLocker x(Heap_lock);
1165 Universe::update_heap_info_at_gc();
1166 }
1167
1168 // ("weak") refs processing infrastructure initialization
1169 Universe::heap()->post_initialize();
1170
1171 // Initialize performance counters for metaspaces
1172 MetaspaceCounters::initialize_performance_counters();
1173 CompressedClassSpaceCounters::initialize_performance_counters();
1174
1175 MemoryService::add_metaspace_memory_pools();
1176
1177 MemoryService::set_universe_heap(Universe::_collectedHeap);
1178 #if INCLUDE_CDS
1179 SharedClassUtil::initialize(CHECK_false);
1180 #endif
1181 return true;
1182 }
1183
1184
1185 void Universe::compute_base_vtable_size() {
1186 _base_vtable_size = ClassLoader::compute_Object_vtable();
1187 }
1188
1189
1190 // %%% The Universe::flush_foo methods belong in CodeCache.
1191
1192 // Flushes compiled methods dependent on dependee.
1193 void Universe::flush_dependents_on(instanceKlassHandle dependee) {
1194 assert_lock_strong(Compile_lock);
1195
1196 if (CodeCache::number_of_nmethods_with_dependencies() == 0) return;
1197
1198 // CodeCache can only be updated by a thread_in_VM and they will all be
1199 // stopped during the safepoint so CodeCache will be safe to update without
1200 // holding the CodeCache_lock.
1201
1202 KlassDepChange changes(dependee);
1203
1204 // Compute the dependent nmethods
1205 if (CodeCache::mark_for_deoptimization(changes) > 0) {
1206 // At least one nmethod has been marked for deoptimization
1207 VM_Deoptimize op;
1208 VMThread::execute(&op);
1209 }
1210 }
1211
1212 // Flushes compiled methods dependent on a particular CallSite
1213 // instance when its target is different than the given MethodHandle.
1214 void Universe::flush_dependents_on(Handle call_site, Handle method_handle) {
1215 assert_lock_strong(Compile_lock);
1216
1217 if (CodeCache::number_of_nmethods_with_dependencies() == 0) return;
1218
1219 // CodeCache can only be updated by a thread_in_VM and they will all be
1220 // stopped during the safepoint so CodeCache will be safe to update without
1221 // holding the CodeCache_lock.
1222
1223 CallSiteDepChange changes(call_site(), method_handle());
1224
1225 // Compute the dependent nmethods that have a reference to a
1226 // CallSite object. We use InstanceKlass::mark_dependent_nmethod
1227 // directly instead of CodeCache::mark_for_deoptimization because we
1228 // want dependents on the call site class only not all classes in
1229 // the ContextStream.
1230 int marked = 0;
1231 {
1232 MutexLockerEx mu(CodeCache_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
1233 InstanceKlass* call_site_klass = InstanceKlass::cast(call_site->klass());
1234 marked = call_site_klass->mark_dependent_nmethods(changes);
1235 }
1236 if (marked > 0) {
1237 // At least one nmethod has been marked for deoptimization
1238 VM_Deoptimize op;
1239 VMThread::execute(&op);
1240 }
1241 }
1242
1243 #ifdef HOTSWAP
1244 // Flushes compiled methods dependent on dependee in the evolutionary sense
1245 void Universe::flush_evol_dependents_on(instanceKlassHandle ev_k_h) {
1246 // --- Compile_lock is not held. However we are at a safepoint.
1247 assert_locked_or_safepoint(Compile_lock);
1248 if (CodeCache::number_of_nmethods_with_dependencies() == 0) return;
1249
1250 // CodeCache can only be updated by a thread_in_VM and they will all be
1251 // stopped during the safepoint so CodeCache will be safe to update without
1252 // holding the CodeCache_lock.
1253
1254 // Compute the dependent nmethods
1255 if (CodeCache::mark_for_evol_deoptimization(ev_k_h) > 0) {
1256 // At least one nmethod has been marked for deoptimization
1257
1258 // All this already happens inside a VM_Operation, so we'll do all the work here.
1259 // Stuff copied from VM_Deoptimize and modified slightly.
1260
1261 // We do not want any GCs to happen while we are in the middle of this VM operation
1262 ResourceMark rm;
1263 DeoptimizationMarker dm;
1264
1265 // Deoptimize all activations depending on marked nmethods
1266 Deoptimization::deoptimize_dependents();
1267
1268 // Make the dependent methods not entrant (in VM_Deoptimize they are made zombies)
1269 CodeCache::make_marked_nmethods_not_entrant();
1270 }
1271 }
1272 #endif // HOTSWAP
1273
1274
1275 // Flushes compiled methods dependent on dependee
1276 void Universe::flush_dependents_on_method(methodHandle m_h) {
1277 // --- Compile_lock is not held. However we are at a safepoint.
1278 assert_locked_or_safepoint(Compile_lock);
1279
1280 // CodeCache can only be updated by a thread_in_VM and they will all be
1281 // stopped dring the safepoint so CodeCache will be safe to update without
1282 // holding the CodeCache_lock.
1283
1284 // Compute the dependent nmethods
1285 if (CodeCache::mark_for_deoptimization(m_h()) > 0) {
1286 // At least one nmethod has been marked for deoptimization
1287
1288 // All this already happens inside a VM_Operation, so we'll do all the work here.
1289 // Stuff copied from VM_Deoptimize and modified slightly.
1290
1291 // We do not want any GCs to happen while we are in the middle of this VM operation
1292 ResourceMark rm;
1293 DeoptimizationMarker dm;
1294
1295 // Deoptimize all activations depending on marked nmethods
1296 Deoptimization::deoptimize_dependents();
1297
1298 // Make the dependent methods not entrant (in VM_Deoptimize they are made zombies)
1299 CodeCache::make_marked_nmethods_not_entrant();
1300 }
1301 }
1302
1303 void Universe::print() {
1304 print_on(gclog_or_tty);
1305 }
1306
1307 void Universe::print_on(outputStream* st, bool extended) {
1308 st->print_cr("Heap");
1309 if (!extended) {
1310 heap()->print_on(st);
1311 } else {
1312 heap()->print_extended_on(st);
1313 }
1314 }
1315
1316 void Universe::print_heap_at_SIGBREAK() {
1317 if (PrintHeapAtSIGBREAK) {
1318 MutexLocker hl(Heap_lock);
1319 print_on(tty);
1320 tty->cr();
1321 tty->flush();
1322 }
1323 }
1324
1325 void Universe::print_heap_before_gc(outputStream* st, bool ignore_extended) {
1326 st->print_cr("{Heap before GC invocations=%u (full %u):",
1327 heap()->total_collections(),
1328 heap()->total_full_collections());
1329 if (!PrintHeapAtGCExtended || ignore_extended) {
1330 heap()->print_on(st);
1331 } else {
1332 heap()->print_extended_on(st);
1333 }
1334 }
1335
1336 void Universe::print_heap_after_gc(outputStream* st, bool ignore_extended) {
1337 st->print_cr("Heap after GC invocations=%u (full %u):",
1338 heap()->total_collections(),
1339 heap()->total_full_collections());
1340 if (!PrintHeapAtGCExtended || ignore_extended) {
1341 heap()->print_on(st);
1342 } else {
1343 heap()->print_extended_on(st);
1344 }
1345 st->print_cr("}");
1346 }
1347
1348 void Universe::verify(VerifyOption option, const char* prefix, bool silent) {
1349 // The use of _verify_in_progress is a temporary work around for
1350 // 6320749. Don't bother with a creating a class to set and clear
1351 // it since it is only used in this method and the control flow is
1352 // straight forward.
1353 _verify_in_progress = true;
1354
1355 COMPILER2_PRESENT(
1356 assert(!DerivedPointerTable::is_active(),
1357 "DPT should not be active during verification "
1358 "(of thread stacks below)");
1359 )
1360
1361 ResourceMark rm;
1362 HandleMark hm; // Handles created during verification can be zapped
1363 _verify_count++;
1364
1365 if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("%s", prefix);
1366 if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("[Verifying ");
1367 if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("threads ");
1368 Threads::verify();
1369 if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("heap ");
1370 heap()->verify(silent, option);
1371 if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("syms ");
1372 SymbolTable::verify();
1373 if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("strs ");
1374 StringTable::verify();
1375 {
1376 MutexLockerEx mu(CodeCache_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
1377 if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("zone ");
1378 CodeCache::verify();
1379 }
1380 if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("dict ");
1381 SystemDictionary::verify();
1382 #ifndef PRODUCT
1383 if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("cldg ");
1384 ClassLoaderDataGraph::verify();
1385 #endif
1386 if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("metaspace chunks ");
1387 MetaspaceAux::verify_free_chunks();
1388 if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("hand ");
1389 JNIHandles::verify();
1390 if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("C-heap ");
1391 os::check_heap();
1392 if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("code cache ");
1393 CodeCache::verify_oops();
1394 if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print_cr("]");
1395
1396 _verify_in_progress = false;
1397 }
1398
1399 // Oop verification (see MacroAssembler::verify_oop)
1400
1401 static uintptr_t _verify_oop_data[2] = {0, (uintptr_t)-1};
1402 static uintptr_t _verify_klass_data[2] = {0, (uintptr_t)-1};
1403
1404
1405 #ifndef PRODUCT
1406
1407 static void calculate_verify_data(uintptr_t verify_data[2],
1408 HeapWord* low_boundary,
1409 HeapWord* high_boundary) {
1410 assert(low_boundary < high_boundary, "bad interval");
1411
1412 // decide which low-order bits we require to be clear:
1413 size_t alignSize = MinObjAlignmentInBytes;
1414 size_t min_object_size = CollectedHeap::min_fill_size();
1415
1416 // make an inclusive limit:
1417 uintptr_t max = (uintptr_t)high_boundary - min_object_size*wordSize;
1418 uintptr_t min = (uintptr_t)low_boundary;
1419 assert(min < max, "bad interval");
1420 uintptr_t diff = max ^ min;
1421
1422 // throw away enough low-order bits to make the diff vanish
1423 uintptr_t mask = (uintptr_t)(-1);
1424 while ((mask & diff) != 0)
1425 mask <<= 1;
1426 uintptr_t bits = (min & mask);
1427 assert(bits == (max & mask), "correct mask");
1428 // check an intermediate value between min and max, just to make sure:
1429 assert(bits == ((min + (max-min)/2) & mask), "correct mask");
1430
1431 // require address alignment, too:
1432 mask |= (alignSize - 1);
1433
1434 if (!(verify_data[0] == 0 && verify_data[1] == (uintptr_t)-1)) {
1435 assert(verify_data[0] == mask && verify_data[1] == bits, "mask stability");
1436 }
1437 verify_data[0] = mask;
1438 verify_data[1] = bits;
1439 }
1440
1441 // Oop verification (see MacroAssembler::verify_oop)
1442
1443 uintptr_t Universe::verify_oop_mask() {
1444 MemRegion m = heap()->reserved_region();
1445 calculate_verify_data(_verify_oop_data,
1446 m.start(),
1447 m.end());
1448 return _verify_oop_data[0];
1449 }
1450
1451
1452
1453 uintptr_t Universe::verify_oop_bits() {
1454 verify_oop_mask();
1455 return _verify_oop_data[1];
1456 }
1457
1458 uintptr_t Universe::verify_mark_mask() {
1459 return markOopDesc::lock_mask_in_place;
1460 }
1461
1462 uintptr_t Universe::verify_mark_bits() {
1463 intptr_t mask = verify_mark_mask();
1464 intptr_t bits = (intptr_t)markOopDesc::prototype();
1465 assert((bits & ~mask) == 0, "no stray header bits");
1466 return bits;
1467 }
1468 #endif // PRODUCT
1469
1470
1471 void Universe::compute_verify_oop_data() {
1472 verify_oop_mask();
1473 verify_oop_bits();
1474 verify_mark_mask();
1475 verify_mark_bits();
1476 }
1477
1478
1479 void LatestMethodCache::init(Klass* k, Method* m) {
1480 if (!UseSharedSpaces) {
1481 _klass = k;
1482 }
1483 #ifndef PRODUCT
1484 else {
1485 // sharing initilization should have already set up _klass
1486 assert(_klass != NULL, "just checking");
1487 }
1488 #endif
1489
1490 _method_idnum = m->method_idnum();
1491 assert(_method_idnum >= 0, "sanity check");
1492 }
1493
1494
1495 Method* LatestMethodCache::get_method() {
1496 if (klass() == NULL) return NULL;
1497 InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(klass());
1498 Method* m = ik->method_with_idnum(method_idnum());
1499 assert(m != NULL, "sanity check");
1500 return m;
1501 }
1502
1503
1504 #ifdef ASSERT
1505 // Release dummy object(s) at bottom of heap
1506 bool Universe::release_fullgc_alot_dummy() {
1507 MutexLocker ml(FullGCALot_lock);
1508 if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_array != NULL) {
1509 if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_next >= _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->length()) {
1510 // No more dummies to release, release entire array instead
1511 _fullgc_alot_dummy_array = NULL;
1512 return false;
1513 }
1514 if (!UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
1515 // Release dummy at bottom of old generation
1516 _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->obj_at_put(_fullgc_alot_dummy_next++, NULL);
1517 }
1518 // Release dummy at bottom of permanent generation
1519 _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->obj_at_put(_fullgc_alot_dummy_next++, NULL);
1520 }
1521 return true;
1522 }
1523
1524 #endif // ASSERT