1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2010, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
  10  *
  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  20  *
  21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  23  * questions.
  24  */
  25 
  26 package jdk.nashorn.internal.parser;
  27 
  28 import static jdk.nashorn.internal.codegen.CompilerConstants.EVAL;
  29 import static jdk.nashorn.internal.codegen.CompilerConstants.FUNCTION_PREFIX;
  30 import static jdk.nashorn.internal.codegen.CompilerConstants.RUN_SCRIPT;
  31 import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.ASSIGN;
  32 import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.CASE;
  33 import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.CATCH;
  34 import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.COLON;
  35 import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.COMMARIGHT;
  36 import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.DECPOSTFIX;
  37 import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.DECPREFIX;
  38 import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.ELSE;
  39 import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.EOF;
  40 import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.EOL;
  41 import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.FINALLY;
  42 import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.FUNCTION;
  43 import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.IDENT;
  44 import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.IF;
  45 import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.INCPOSTFIX;
  46 import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.LBRACE;
  47 import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.LPAREN;
  48 import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.RBRACE;
  49 import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.RBRACKET;
  50 import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.RPAREN;
  51 import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.SEMICOLON;
  52 import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.TERNARY;
  53 import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.WHILE;
  54 
  55 import java.util.ArrayList;
  56 import java.util.Collections;
  57 import java.util.HashMap;
  58 import java.util.HashSet;
  59 import java.util.Iterator;
  60 import java.util.List;
  61 import java.util.Map;
  62 import jdk.internal.dynalink.support.NameCodec;
  63 import jdk.nashorn.internal.codegen.CompilerConstants;
  64 import jdk.nashorn.internal.codegen.Namespace;
  65 import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.AccessNode;
  66 import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.BaseNode;
  67 import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.BinaryNode;
  68 import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.Block;
  69 import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.BlockLexicalContext;
  70 import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.BlockStatement;
  71 import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.BreakNode;
  72 import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.BreakableNode;
  73 import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.CallNode;
  74 import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.CaseNode;
  75 import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.CatchNode;
  76 import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.ContinueNode;
  77 import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.EmptyNode;
  78 import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.Expression;
  79 import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.ExpressionStatement;
  80 import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.ForNode;
  81 import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.FunctionNode;
  82 import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.FunctionNode.CompilationState;
  83 import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.IdentNode;
  84 import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.IfNode;
  85 import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.IndexNode;
  86 import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.LabelNode;
  87 import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.LexicalContext;
  88 import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.LiteralNode;
  89 import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.LoopNode;
  90 import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.Node;
  91 import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.ObjectNode;
  92 import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.PropertyKey;
  93 import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.PropertyNode;
  94 import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.ReturnNode;
  95 import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.RuntimeNode;
  96 import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.Statement;
  97 import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.SwitchNode;
  98 import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.TernaryNode;
  99 import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.ThrowNode;
 100 import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.TryNode;
 101 import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.UnaryNode;
 102 import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.VarNode;
 103 import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.WhileNode;
 104 import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.WithNode;
 105 import jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime.DebugLogger;
 106 import jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime.ErrorManager;
 107 import jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime.JSErrorType;
 108 import jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime.ParserException;
 109 import jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime.ScriptEnvironment;
 110 import jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime.ScriptingFunctions;
 111 import jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime.Source;
 112 import jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime.Timing;
 113 
 114 /**
 115  * Builds the IR.
 116  */
 117 public class Parser extends AbstractParser {
 118     private static final String ARGUMENTS_NAME = CompilerConstants.ARGUMENTS_VAR.symbolName();
 119 
 120     /** Current script environment. */
 121     private final ScriptEnvironment env;
 122 
 123     /** Is scripting mode. */
 124     private final boolean scripting;
 125 
 126     private List<Statement> functionDeclarations;
 127 
 128     private final BlockLexicalContext lc = new BlockLexicalContext();
 129 
 130     /** Namespace for function names where not explicitly given */
 131     private final Namespace namespace;
 132 
 133     private static final DebugLogger LOG = new DebugLogger("parser");
 134 
 135     /** to receive line information from Lexer when scanning multine literals. */
 136     protected final Lexer.LineInfoReceiver lineInfoReceiver;
 137 
 138     /**
 139      * Constructor
 140      *
 141      * @param env     script environment
 142      * @param source  source to parse
 143      * @param errors  error manager
 144      */
 145     public Parser(final ScriptEnvironment env, final Source source, final ErrorManager errors) {
 146         this(env, source, errors, env._strict);
 147     }
 148 
 149     /**
 150      * Construct a parser.
 151      *
 152      * @param env     script environment
 153      * @param source  source to parse
 154      * @param errors  error manager
 155      * @param strict  parser created with strict mode enabled.
 156      */
 157     public Parser(final ScriptEnvironment env, final Source source, final ErrorManager errors, final boolean strict) {
 158         super(source, errors, strict);
 159         this.env       = env;
 160         this.namespace = new Namespace(env.getNamespace());
 161         this.scripting = env._scripting;
 162         if (this.scripting) {
 163             this.lineInfoReceiver = new Lexer.LineInfoReceiver() {
 164                 @Override
 165                 public void lineInfo(final int receiverLine, final int receiverLinePosition) {
 166                     // update the parser maintained line information
 167                     Parser.this.line = receiverLine;
 168                     Parser.this.linePosition = receiverLinePosition;
 169                 }
 170             };
 171         } else {
 172             // non-scripting mode script can't have multi-line literals
 173             this.lineInfoReceiver = null;
 174         }
 175     }
 176 
 177     /**
 178      * Execute parse and return the resulting function node.
 179      * Errors will be thrown and the error manager will contain information
 180      * if parsing should fail
 181      *
 182      * This is the default parse call, which will name the function node
 183      * "runScript" {@link CompilerConstants#RUN_SCRIPT}
 184      *
 185      * @return function node resulting from successful parse
 186      */
 187     public FunctionNode parse() {
 188         return parse(RUN_SCRIPT.symbolName());
 189     }
 190 
 191     /**
 192      * Execute parse and return the resulting function node.
 193      * Errors will be thrown and the error manager will contain information
 194      * if parsing should fail
 195      *
 196      * @param scriptName name for the script, given to the parsed FunctionNode
 197      *
 198      * @return function node resulting from successful parse
 199      */
 200     public FunctionNode parse(final String scriptName) {
 201         final long t0 = Timing.isEnabled() ? System.currentTimeMillis() : 0L;
 202         LOG.info(this, " begin for '", scriptName, "'");
 203 
 204         try {
 205             stream = new TokenStream();
 206             lexer  = new Lexer(source, stream, scripting && !env._no_syntax_extensions);
 207 
 208             // Set up first token (skips opening EOL.)
 209             k = -1;
 210             next();
 211 
 212             // Begin parse.
 213             return program(scriptName);
 214         } catch (final Exception e) {
 215             handleParseException(e);
 216 
 217             return null;
 218         } finally {
 219             final String end = this + " end '" + scriptName + "'";
 220             if (Timing.isEnabled()) {
 221                 Timing.accumulateTime(toString(), System.currentTimeMillis() - t0);
 222                 LOG.info(end, "' in ", (System.currentTimeMillis() - t0), " ms");
 223             } else {
 224                 LOG.info(end);
 225             }
 226         }
 227     }
 228 
 229     /**
 230      * Parse and return the list of function parameter list. A comma
 231      * separated list of function parameter identifiers is expected to be parsed.
 232      * Errors will be thrown and the error manager will contain information
 233      * if parsing should fail. This method is used to check if parameter Strings
 234      * passed to "Function" constructor is a valid or not.
 235      *
 236      * @return the list of IdentNodes representing the formal parameter list
 237      */
 238     public List<IdentNode> parseFormalParameterList() {
 239         try {
 240             stream = new TokenStream();
 241             lexer  = new Lexer(source, stream, scripting && !env._no_syntax_extensions);
 242 
 243             // Set up first token (skips opening EOL.)
 244             k = -1;
 245             next();
 246 
 247             return formalParameterList(TokenType.EOF);
 248         } catch (final Exception e) {
 249             handleParseException(e);
 250             return null;
 251         }
 252     }
 253 
 254     /**
 255      * Execute parse and return the resulting function node.
 256      * Errors will be thrown and the error manager will contain information
 257      * if parsing should fail. This method is used to check if code String
 258      * passed to "Function" constructor is a valid function body or not.
 259      *
 260      * @return function node resulting from successful parse
 261      */
 262     public FunctionNode parseFunctionBody() {
 263         try {
 264             stream = new TokenStream();
 265             lexer  = new Lexer(source, stream, scripting && !env._no_syntax_extensions);
 266 
 267             // Set up first token (skips opening EOL.)
 268             k = -1;
 269             next();
 270 
 271             // Make a fake token for the function.
 272             final long functionToken = Token.toDesc(FUNCTION, 0, source.getLength());
 273             // Set up the function to append elements.
 274 
 275             FunctionNode function = newFunctionNode(
 276                 functionToken,
 277                 new IdentNode(functionToken, Token.descPosition(functionToken), RUN_SCRIPT.symbolName()),
 278                 new ArrayList<IdentNode>(),
 279                 FunctionNode.Kind.NORMAL);
 280 
 281             functionDeclarations = new ArrayList<>();
 282             sourceElements();
 283             addFunctionDeclarations(function);
 284             functionDeclarations = null;
 285 
 286             expect(EOF);
 287 
 288             function.setFinish(source.getLength() - 1);
 289 
 290             function = restoreFunctionNode(function, token); //commit code
 291             function = function.setBody(lc, function.getBody().setNeedsScope(lc));
 292             return function;
 293         } catch (final Exception e) {
 294             handleParseException(e);
 295             return null;
 296         }
 297     }
 298 
 299     private void handleParseException(final Exception e) {
 300         // Extract message from exception.  The message will be in error
 301         // message format.
 302         String message = e.getMessage();
 303 
 304         // If empty message.
 305         if (message == null) {
 306             message = e.toString();
 307         }
 308 
 309         // Issue message.
 310         if (e instanceof ParserException) {
 311             errors.error((ParserException)e);
 312         } else {
 313             errors.error(message);
 314         }
 315 
 316         if (env._dump_on_error) {
 317             e.printStackTrace(env.getErr());
 318         }
 319     }
 320 
 321     /**
 322      * Skip to a good parsing recovery point.
 323      */
 324     private void recover(final Exception e) {
 325         if (e != null) {
 326             // Extract message from exception.  The message will be in error
 327             // message format.
 328             String message = e.getMessage();
 329 
 330             // If empty message.
 331             if (message == null) {
 332                 message = e.toString();
 333             }
 334 
 335             // Issue message.
 336             if (e instanceof ParserException) {
 337                 errors.error((ParserException)e);
 338             } else {
 339                 errors.error(message);
 340             }
 341 
 342             if (env._dump_on_error) {
 343                 e.printStackTrace(env.getErr());
 344             }
 345         }
 346 
 347         // Skip to a recovery point.
 348 loop:
 349         while (true) {
 350             switch (type) {
 351             case EOF:
 352                 // Can not go any further.
 353                 break loop;
 354             case EOL:
 355             case SEMICOLON:
 356             case RBRACE:
 357                 // Good recovery points.
 358                 next();
 359                 break loop;
 360             default:
 361                 // So we can recover after EOL.
 362                 nextOrEOL();
 363                 break;
 364             }
 365         }
 366     }
 367 
 368     /**
 369      * Set up a new block.
 370      *
 371      * @return New block.
 372      */
 373     private Block newBlock() {
 374         return lc.push(new Block(token, Token.descPosition(token)));
 375     }
 376 
 377     /**
 378      * Set up a new function block.
 379      *
 380      * @param ident Name of function.
 381      * @return New block.
 382      */
 383     private FunctionNode newFunctionNode(final long startToken, final IdentNode ident, final List<IdentNode> parameters, final FunctionNode.Kind kind) {
 384         // Build function name.
 385         final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
 386 
 387         final FunctionNode parentFunction = lc.getCurrentFunction();
 388         if (parentFunction != null && !parentFunction.isProgram()) {
 389             sb.append(parentFunction.getName()).append('$');
 390         }
 391 
 392         sb.append(ident != null ? ident.getName() : FUNCTION_PREFIX.symbolName());
 393         final String name = namespace.uniqueName(sb.toString());
 394         assert parentFunction != null || name.equals(RUN_SCRIPT.symbolName())  : "name = " + name;// must not rename runScript().
 395 
 396         int flags = 0;
 397         if (parentFunction == null) {
 398             flags |= FunctionNode.IS_PROGRAM;
 399         }
 400         if (isStrictMode) {
 401             flags |= FunctionNode.IS_STRICT;
 402         }
 403         if (env._specialize_calls != null) {
 404             if (env._specialize_calls.contains(name)) {
 405                 flags |= FunctionNode.CAN_SPECIALIZE;
 406             }
 407         }
 408 
 409         // Start new block.
 410         FunctionNode functionNode =
 411             new FunctionNode(
 412                 source,
 413                 line, //TODO?
 414                 token,
 415                 Token.descPosition(token),
 416                 startToken,
 417                 namespace,
 418                 ident,
 419                 name,
 420                 parameters,
 421                 kind,
 422                 flags);
 423 
 424         lc.push(functionNode);
 425         // Create new block, and just put it on the context stack, restoreFunctionNode() will associate it with the
 426         // FunctionNode.
 427         newBlock();
 428 
 429         return functionNode;
 430     }
 431 
 432     /**
 433      * Restore the current block.
 434      */
 435     private Block restoreBlock(final Block block) {
 436         return lc.pop(block);
 437     }
 438 
 439 
 440     private FunctionNode restoreFunctionNode(final FunctionNode functionNode, final long lastToken) {
 441         final Block newBody = restoreBlock(lc.getFunctionBody(functionNode));
 442 
 443         return lc.pop(functionNode).
 444             setBody(lc, newBody).
 445             setLastToken(lc, lastToken).
 446             setState(lc, errors.hasErrors() ? CompilationState.PARSE_ERROR : CompilationState.PARSED).
 447             snapshot(lc);
 448         }
 449 
 450     /**
 451      * Get the statements in a block.
 452      * @return Block statements.
 453      */
 454     private Block getBlock(final boolean needsBraces) {
 455         // Set up new block. Captures LBRACE.
 456         Block newBlock = newBlock();
 457         try {
 458             // Block opening brace.
 459             if (needsBraces) {
 460                 expect(LBRACE);
 461             }
 462             // Accumulate block statements.
 463             statementList();
 464 
 465         } finally {
 466             newBlock = restoreBlock(newBlock);
 467         }
 468 
 469         final int possibleEnd = Token.descPosition(token) + Token.descLength(token);
 470 
 471         // Block closing brace.
 472         if (needsBraces) {
 473             expect(RBRACE);
 474         }
 475 
 476         newBlock.setFinish(possibleEnd);
 477 
 478         return newBlock;
 479     }
 480 
 481     /**
 482      * Get all the statements generated by a single statement.
 483      * @return Statements.
 484      */
 485     private Block getStatement() {
 486         if (type == LBRACE) {
 487             return getBlock(true);
 488         }
 489         // Set up new block. Captures first token.
 490         Block newBlock = newBlock();
 491         try {
 492             statement();
 493         } finally {
 494             newBlock = restoreBlock(newBlock);
 495         }
 496         return newBlock;
 497     }
 498 
 499     /**
 500      * Detect calls to special functions.
 501      * @param ident Called function.
 502      */
 503     private void detectSpecialFunction(final IdentNode ident) {
 504         final String name = ident.getName();
 505 
 506         if (EVAL.symbolName().equals(name)) {
 507             markEval(lc);
 508         }
 509     }
 510 
 511     /**
 512      * Detect use of special properties.
 513      * @param ident Referenced property.
 514      */
 515     private void detectSpecialProperty(final IdentNode ident) {
 516         if (isArguments(ident)) {
 517             lc.setFlag(lc.getCurrentFunction(), FunctionNode.USES_ARGUMENTS);
 518         }
 519     }
 520 
 521     private static boolean isArguments(final String name) {
 522         return ARGUMENTS_NAME.equals(name);
 523     }
 524 
 525     private static boolean isArguments(final IdentNode ident) {
 526         return isArguments(ident.getName());
 527     }
 528 
 529     /**
 530      * Tells whether a IdentNode can be used as L-value of an assignment
 531      *
 532      * @param ident IdentNode to be checked
 533      * @return whether the ident can be used as L-value
 534      */
 535     private static boolean checkIdentLValue(final IdentNode ident) {
 536         return Token.descType(ident.getToken()).getKind() != TokenKind.KEYWORD;
 537     }
 538 
 539     /**
 540      * Verify an assignment expression.
 541      * @param op  Operation token.
 542      * @param lhs Left hand side expression.
 543      * @param rhs Right hand side expression.
 544      * @return Verified expression.
 545      */
 546     private Expression verifyAssignment(final long op, final Expression lhs, final Expression rhs) {
 547         final TokenType opType = Token.descType(op);
 548 
 549         switch (opType) {
 550         case ASSIGN:
 551         case ASSIGN_ADD:
 552         case ASSIGN_BIT_AND:
 553         case ASSIGN_BIT_OR:
 554         case ASSIGN_BIT_XOR:
 555         case ASSIGN_DIV:
 556         case ASSIGN_MOD:
 557         case ASSIGN_MUL:
 558         case ASSIGN_SAR:
 559         case ASSIGN_SHL:
 560         case ASSIGN_SHR:
 561         case ASSIGN_SUB:
 562             if (!(lhs instanceof AccessNode ||
 563                   lhs instanceof IndexNode ||
 564                   lhs instanceof IdentNode)) {
 565                 return referenceError(lhs, rhs, env._early_lvalue_error);
 566             }
 567 
 568             if (lhs instanceof IdentNode) {
 569                 if (!checkIdentLValue((IdentNode)lhs)) {
 570                     return referenceError(lhs, rhs, false);
 571                 }
 572                 verifyStrictIdent((IdentNode)lhs, "assignment");
 573             }
 574             break;
 575 
 576         default:
 577             break;
 578         }
 579 
 580         // Build up node.
 581         return new BinaryNode(op, lhs, rhs);
 582     }
 583 
 584     /**
 585      * Reduce increment/decrement to simpler operations.
 586      * @param firstToken First token.
 587      * @param tokenType  Operation token (INCPREFIX/DEC.)
 588      * @param expression Left hand side expression.
 589      * @param isPostfix  Prefix or postfix.
 590      * @return           Reduced expression.
 591      */
 592     private static UnaryNode incDecExpression(final long firstToken, final TokenType tokenType, final Expression expression, final boolean isPostfix) {
 593         if (isPostfix) {
 594             return new UnaryNode(Token.recast(firstToken, tokenType == DECPREFIX ? DECPOSTFIX : INCPOSTFIX), expression.getStart(), Token.descPosition(firstToken) + Token.descLength(firstToken), expression);
 595         }
 596 
 597         return new UnaryNode(firstToken, expression);
 598     }
 599 
 600     /**
 601      * -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 602      *
 603      * Grammar based on
 604      *
 605      *      ECMAScript Language Specification
 606      *      ECMA-262 5th Edition / December 2009
 607      *
 608      * -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 609      */
 610 
 611     /**
 612      * Program :
 613      *      SourceElements?
 614      *
 615      * See 14
 616      *
 617      * Parse the top level script.
 618      */
 619     private FunctionNode program(final String scriptName) {
 620         // Make a fake token for the script.
 621         final long functionToken = Token.toDesc(FUNCTION, 0, source.getLength());
 622         // Set up the script to append elements.
 623 
 624         FunctionNode script = newFunctionNode(
 625             functionToken,
 626             new IdentNode(functionToken, Token.descPosition(functionToken), scriptName),
 627             new ArrayList<IdentNode>(),
 628             FunctionNode.Kind.SCRIPT);
 629 
 630         functionDeclarations = new ArrayList<>();
 631         sourceElements();
 632         addFunctionDeclarations(script);
 633         functionDeclarations = null;
 634 
 635         expect(EOF);
 636 
 637         script.setFinish(source.getLength() - 1);
 638 
 639         script = restoreFunctionNode(script, token); //commit code
 640         script = script.setBody(lc, script.getBody().setNeedsScope(lc));
 641 
 642         return script;
 643     }
 644 
 645     /**
 646      * Directive value or null if statement is not a directive.
 647      *
 648      * @param stmt Statement to be checked
 649      * @return Directive value if the given statement is a directive
 650      */
 651     private String getDirective(final Node stmt) {
 652         if (stmt instanceof ExpressionStatement) {
 653             final Node expr = ((ExpressionStatement)stmt).getExpression();
 654             if (expr instanceof LiteralNode) {
 655                 final LiteralNode<?> lit = (LiteralNode<?>)expr;
 656                 final long litToken = lit.getToken();
 657                 final TokenType tt = Token.descType(litToken);
 658                 // A directive is either a string or an escape string
 659                 if (tt == TokenType.STRING || tt == TokenType.ESCSTRING) {
 660                     // Make sure that we don't unescape anything. Return as seen in source!
 661                     return source.getString(lit.getStart(), Token.descLength(litToken));
 662                 }
 663             }
 664         }
 665 
 666         return null;
 667     }
 668 
 669     /**
 670      * SourceElements :
 671      *      SourceElement
 672      *      SourceElements SourceElement
 673      *
 674      * See 14
 675      *
 676      * Parse the elements of the script or function.
 677      */
 678     private void sourceElements() {
 679         List<Node>    directiveStmts = null;
 680         boolean       checkDirective = true;
 681         final boolean oldStrictMode = isStrictMode;
 682 
 683         try {
 684             // If is a script, then process until the end of the script.
 685             while (type != EOF) {
 686                 // Break if the end of a code block.
 687                 if (type == RBRACE) {
 688                     break;
 689                 }
 690 
 691                 try {
 692                     // Get the next element.
 693                     statement(true);
 694 
 695                     // check for directive prologues
 696                     if (checkDirective) {
 697                         // skip any debug statement like line number to get actual first line
 698                         final Node lastStatement = lc.getLastStatement();
 699 
 700                         // get directive prologue, if any
 701                         final String directive = getDirective(lastStatement);
 702 
 703                         // If we have seen first non-directive statement,
 704                         // no more directive statements!!
 705                         checkDirective = directive != null;
 706 
 707                         if (checkDirective) {
 708                             if (!oldStrictMode) {
 709                                 if (directiveStmts == null) {
 710                                     directiveStmts = new ArrayList<>();
 711                                 }
 712                                 directiveStmts.add(lastStatement);
 713                             }
 714 
 715                             // handle use strict directive
 716                             if ("use strict".equals(directive)) {
 717                                 isStrictMode = true;
 718                                 final FunctionNode function = lc.getCurrentFunction();
 719                                 lc.setFlag(lc.getCurrentFunction(), FunctionNode.IS_STRICT);
 720 
 721                                 // We don't need to check these, if lexical environment is already strict
 722                                 if (!oldStrictMode && directiveStmts != null) {
 723                                     // check that directives preceding this one do not violate strictness
 724                                     for (final Node statement : directiveStmts) {
 725                                         // the get value will force unescape of preceeding
 726                                         // escaped string directives
 727                                         getValue(statement.getToken());
 728                                     }
 729 
 730                                     // verify that function name as well as parameter names
 731                                     // satisfy strict mode restrictions.
 732                                     verifyStrictIdent(function.getIdent(), "function name");
 733                                     for (final IdentNode param : function.getParameters()) {
 734                                         verifyStrictIdent(param, "function parameter");
 735                                     }
 736                                 }
 737                             }
 738                         }
 739                     }
 740                 } catch (final Exception e) {
 741                     //recover parsing
 742                     recover(e);
 743                 }
 744 
 745                 // No backtracking from here on.
 746                 stream.commit(k);
 747             }
 748         } finally {
 749             isStrictMode = oldStrictMode;
 750         }
 751     }
 752 
 753     /**
 754      * Statement :
 755      *      Block
 756      *      VariableStatement
 757      *      EmptyStatement
 758      *      ExpressionStatement
 759      *      IfStatement
 760      *      IterationStatement
 761      *      ContinueStatement
 762      *      BreakStatement
 763      *      ReturnStatement
 764      *      WithStatement
 765      *      LabelledStatement
 766      *      SwitchStatement
 767      *      ThrowStatement
 768      *      TryStatement
 769      *      DebuggerStatement
 770      *
 771      * see 12
 772      *
 773      * Parse any of the basic statement types.
 774      */
 775     private void statement() {
 776         statement(false);
 777     }
 778 
 779     /**
 780      * @param topLevel does this statement occur at the "top level" of a script or a function?
 781      */
 782     private void statement(final boolean topLevel) {
 783         if (type == FUNCTION) {
 784             // As per spec (ECMA section 12), function declarations as arbitrary statement
 785             // is not "portable". Implementation can issue a warning or disallow the same.
 786             functionExpression(true, topLevel);
 787             return;
 788         }
 789 
 790         switch (type) {
 791         case LBRACE:
 792             block();
 793             break;
 794         case VAR:
 795             variableStatement(true);
 796             break;
 797         case SEMICOLON:
 798             emptyStatement();
 799             break;
 800         case IF:
 801             ifStatement();
 802             break;
 803         case FOR:
 804             forStatement();
 805             break;
 806         case WHILE:
 807             whileStatement();
 808             break;
 809         case DO:
 810             doStatement();
 811             break;
 812         case CONTINUE:
 813             continueStatement();
 814             break;
 815         case BREAK:
 816             breakStatement();
 817             break;
 818         case RETURN:
 819             returnStatement();
 820             break;
 821         case YIELD:
 822             yieldStatement();
 823             break;
 824         case WITH:
 825             withStatement();
 826             break;
 827         case SWITCH:
 828             switchStatement();
 829             break;
 830         case THROW:
 831             throwStatement();
 832             break;
 833         case TRY:
 834             tryStatement();
 835             break;
 836         case DEBUGGER:
 837             debuggerStatement();
 838             break;
 839         case RPAREN:
 840         case RBRACKET:
 841         case EOF:
 842             expect(SEMICOLON);
 843             break;
 844         default:
 845             if (type == IDENT || isNonStrictModeIdent()) {
 846                 if (T(k + 1) == COLON) {
 847                     labelStatement();
 848                     return;
 849                 }
 850             }
 851 
 852             expressionStatement();
 853             break;
 854         }
 855     }
 856 
 857     /**
 858      * block :
 859      *      { StatementList? }
 860      *
 861      * see 12.1
 862      *
 863      * Parse a statement block.
 864      */
 865     private void block() {
 866         appendStatement(new BlockStatement(line, getBlock(true)));
 867     }
 868 
 869     /**
 870      * StatementList :
 871      *      Statement
 872      *      StatementList Statement
 873      *
 874      * See 12.1
 875      *
 876      * Parse a list of statements.
 877      */
 878     private void statementList() {
 879         // Accumulate statements until end of list. */
 880 loop:
 881         while (type != EOF) {
 882             switch (type) {
 883             case EOF:
 884             case CASE:
 885             case DEFAULT:
 886             case RBRACE:
 887                 break loop;
 888             default:
 889                 break;
 890             }
 891 
 892             // Get next statement.
 893             statement();
 894         }
 895     }
 896 
 897     /**
 898      * Make sure that in strict mode, the identifier name used is allowed.
 899      *
 900      * @param ident         Identifier that is verified
 901      * @param contextString String used in error message to give context to the user
 902      */
 903     private void verifyStrictIdent(final IdentNode ident, final String contextString) {
 904         if (isStrictMode) {
 905             switch (ident.getName()) {
 906             case "eval":
 907             case "arguments":
 908                 throw error(AbstractParser.message("strict.name", ident.getName(), contextString), ident.getToken());
 909             default:
 910                 break;
 911             }
 912         }
 913     }
 914 
 915     /**
 916      * VariableStatement :
 917      *      var VariableDeclarationList ;
 918      *
 919      * VariableDeclarationList :
 920      *      VariableDeclaration
 921      *      VariableDeclarationList , VariableDeclaration
 922      *
 923      * VariableDeclaration :
 924      *      Identifier Initializer?
 925      *
 926      * Initializer :
 927      *      = AssignmentExpression
 928      *
 929      * See 12.2
 930      *
 931      * Parse a VAR statement.
 932      * @param isStatement True if a statement (not used in a FOR.)
 933      */
 934     private List<VarNode> variableStatement(final boolean isStatement) {
 935         // VAR tested in caller.
 936         next();
 937 
 938         final List<VarNode> vars = new ArrayList<>();
 939 
 940         while (true) {
 941             // Get starting token.
 942             final int  varLine  = line;
 943             final long varToken = token;
 944             // Get name of var.
 945             final IdentNode name = getIdent();
 946             verifyStrictIdent(name, "variable name");
 947 
 948             // Assume no init.
 949             Expression init = null;
 950 
 951             // Look for initializer assignment.
 952             if (type == ASSIGN) {
 953                 next();
 954 
 955                 // Get initializer expression. Suppress IN if not statement.
 956                 init = assignmentExpression(!isStatement);
 957             }
 958 
 959             // Allocate var node.
 960             final VarNode var = new VarNode(varLine, varToken, finish, name, init);
 961             vars.add(var);
 962             appendStatement(var);
 963 
 964             if (type != COMMARIGHT) {
 965                 break;
 966             }
 967             next();
 968         }
 969 
 970         // If is a statement then handle end of line.
 971         if (isStatement) {
 972             boolean semicolon = type == SEMICOLON;
 973             endOfLine();
 974             if (semicolon) {
 975                 lc.getCurrentBlock().setFinish(finish);
 976             }
 977         }
 978 
 979         return vars;
 980     }
 981 
 982     /**
 983      * EmptyStatement :
 984      *      ;
 985      *
 986      * See 12.3
 987      *
 988      * Parse an empty statement.
 989      */
 990     private void emptyStatement() {
 991         if (env._empty_statements) {
 992             appendStatement(new EmptyNode(line, token, Token.descPosition(token) + Token.descLength(token)));
 993         }
 994 
 995         // SEMICOLON checked in caller.
 996         next();
 997     }
 998 
 999     /**
1000      * ExpressionStatement :
1001      *      Expression ; // [lookahead ~( or  function )]
1002      *
1003      * See 12.4
1004      *
1005      * Parse an expression used in a statement block.
1006      */
1007     private void expressionStatement() {
1008         // Lookahead checked in caller.
1009         final int  expressionLine  = line;
1010         final long expressionToken = token;
1011 
1012         // Get expression and add as statement.
1013         final Expression expression = expression();
1014 
1015         ExpressionStatement expressionStatement = null;
1016         if (expression != null) {
1017             expressionStatement = new ExpressionStatement(expressionLine, expressionToken, finish, expression);
1018             appendStatement(expressionStatement);
1019         } else {
1020             expect(null);
1021         }
1022 
1023         endOfLine();
1024 
1025         if (expressionStatement != null) {
1026             expressionStatement.setFinish(finish);
1027             lc.getCurrentBlock().setFinish(finish);
1028         }
1029     }
1030 
1031     /**
1032      * IfStatement :
1033      *      if ( Expression ) Statement else Statement
1034      *      if ( Expression ) Statement
1035      *
1036      * See 12.5
1037      *
1038      * Parse an IF statement.
1039      */
1040     private void ifStatement() {
1041         // Capture IF token.
1042         final int  ifLine  = line;
1043         final long ifToken = token;
1044          // IF tested in caller.
1045         next();
1046 
1047         expect(LPAREN);
1048         final Expression test = expression();
1049         expect(RPAREN);
1050         final Block pass = getStatement();
1051 
1052         Block fail = null;
1053         if (type == ELSE) {
1054             next();
1055             fail = getStatement();
1056         }
1057 
1058         appendStatement(new IfNode(ifLine, ifToken, fail != null ? fail.getFinish() : pass.getFinish(), test, pass, fail));
1059     }
1060 
1061     /**
1062      * ... IterationStatement:
1063      *           ...
1064      *           for ( Expression[NoIn]?; Expression? ; Expression? ) Statement
1065      *           for ( var VariableDeclarationList[NoIn]; Expression? ; Expression? ) Statement
1066      *           for ( LeftHandSideExpression in Expression ) Statement
1067      *           for ( var VariableDeclaration[NoIn] in Expression ) Statement
1068      *
1069      * See 12.6
1070      *
1071      * Parse a FOR statement.
1072      */
1073     private void forStatement() {
1074         // Create FOR node, capturing FOR token.
1075         ForNode forNode = new ForNode(line, token, Token.descPosition(token), null, null, null, null, ForNode.IS_FOR);
1076 
1077         lc.push(forNode);
1078 
1079         try {
1080             // FOR tested in caller.
1081             next();
1082 
1083             // Nashorn extension: for each expression.
1084             // iterate property values rather than property names.
1085             if (!env._no_syntax_extensions && type == IDENT && "each".equals(getValue())) {
1086                 forNode = forNode.setIsForEach(lc);
1087                 next();
1088             }
1089 
1090             expect(LPAREN);
1091 
1092             List<VarNode> vars = null;
1093 
1094             switch (type) {
1095             case VAR:
1096                 // Var statements captured in for outer block.
1097                 vars = variableStatement(false);
1098                 break;
1099             case SEMICOLON:
1100                 break;
1101             default:
1102                 final Expression expression = expression(unaryExpression(), COMMARIGHT.getPrecedence(), true);
1103                 forNode = forNode.setInit(lc, expression);
1104                 break;
1105             }
1106 
1107             switch (type) {
1108             case SEMICOLON:
1109                 // for (init; test; modify)
1110 
1111                 // for each (init; test; modify) is invalid
1112                 if (forNode.isForEach()) {
1113                     throw error(AbstractParser.message("for.each.without.in"), token);
1114                 }
1115 
1116                 expect(SEMICOLON);
1117                 if (type != SEMICOLON) {
1118                     forNode = forNode.setTest(lc, expression());
1119                 }
1120                 expect(SEMICOLON);
1121                 if (type != RPAREN) {
1122                     forNode = forNode.setModify(lc, expression());
1123                 }
1124                 break;
1125 
1126             case IN:
1127                 forNode = forNode.setIsForIn(lc);
1128                 if (vars != null) {
1129                     // for (var i in obj)
1130                     if (vars.size() == 1) {
1131                         forNode = forNode.setInit(lc, new IdentNode(vars.get(0).getName()));
1132                     } else {
1133                         // for (var i, j in obj) is invalid
1134                         throw error(AbstractParser.message("many.vars.in.for.in.loop"), vars.get(1).getToken());
1135                     }
1136 
1137                 } else {
1138                     // for (expr in obj)
1139                     final Node init = forNode.getInit();
1140                     assert init != null : "for..in init expression can not be null here";
1141 
1142                     // check if initial expression is a valid L-value
1143                     if (!(init instanceof AccessNode ||
1144                           init instanceof IndexNode ||
1145                           init instanceof IdentNode)) {
1146                         throw error(AbstractParser.message("not.lvalue.for.in.loop"), init.getToken());
1147                     }
1148 
1149                     if (init instanceof IdentNode) {
1150                         if (!checkIdentLValue((IdentNode)init)) {
1151                             throw error(AbstractParser.message("not.lvalue.for.in.loop"), init.getToken());
1152                         }
1153                         verifyStrictIdent((IdentNode)init, "for-in iterator");
1154                     }
1155                 }
1156 
1157                 next();
1158 
1159                 // Get the collection expression.
1160                 forNode = forNode.setModify(lc, expression());
1161                 break;
1162 
1163             default:
1164                 expect(SEMICOLON);
1165                 break;
1166             }
1167 
1168             expect(RPAREN);
1169 
1170             // Set the for body.
1171             final Block body = getStatement();
1172             forNode = forNode.setBody(lc, body);
1173             forNode.setFinish(body.getFinish());
1174 
1175             appendStatement(forNode);
1176         } finally {
1177             lc.pop(forNode);
1178         }
1179      }
1180 
1181     /**
1182      * ... IterationStatement :
1183      *           ...
1184      *           Expression[NoIn]?; Expression? ; Expression?
1185      *           var VariableDeclarationList[NoIn]; Expression? ; Expression?
1186      *           LeftHandSideExpression in Expression
1187      *           var VariableDeclaration[NoIn] in Expression
1188      *
1189      * See 12.6
1190      *
1191      * Parse the control section of a FOR statement.  Also used for
1192      * comprehensions.
1193      * @param forNode Owning FOR.
1194      */
1195 
1196 
1197     /**
1198      * ...IterationStatement :
1199      *           ...
1200      *           while ( Expression ) Statement
1201      *           ...
1202      *
1203      * See 12.6
1204      *
1205      * Parse while statement.
1206      */
1207     private void whileStatement() {
1208         // Capture WHILE token.
1209         final int  whileLine  = line;
1210         final long whileToken = token;
1211         // WHILE tested in caller.
1212         next();
1213 
1214         // Construct WHILE node.
1215         WhileNode whileNode = new WhileNode(whileLine, whileToken, Token.descPosition(whileToken), false);
1216         lc.push(whileNode);
1217 
1218         try {
1219             expect(LPAREN);
1220             whileNode = whileNode.setTest(lc, expression());
1221             expect(RPAREN);
1222             whileNode = whileNode.setBody(lc, getStatement());
1223             appendStatement(whileNode);
1224         } finally {
1225             lc.pop(whileNode);
1226         }
1227     }
1228 
1229     /**
1230      * ...IterationStatement :
1231      *           ...
1232      *           do Statement while( Expression ) ;
1233      *           ...
1234      *
1235      * See 12.6
1236      *
1237      * Parse DO WHILE statement.
1238      */
1239     private void doStatement() {
1240         // Capture DO token.
1241         final int  doLine  = line;
1242         final long doToken = token;
1243         // DO tested in the caller.
1244         next();
1245 
1246         WhileNode doWhileNode = new WhileNode(doLine, doToken, Token.descPosition(doToken), true);
1247         lc.push(doWhileNode);
1248 
1249         try {
1250            // Get DO body.
1251             doWhileNode = doWhileNode.setBody(lc, getStatement());
1252 
1253             expect(WHILE);
1254             expect(LPAREN);
1255             doWhileNode = doWhileNode.setTest(lc, expression());
1256             expect(RPAREN);
1257 
1258             if (type == SEMICOLON) {
1259                 endOfLine();
1260             }
1261             doWhileNode.setFinish(finish);
1262             appendStatement(doWhileNode);
1263         } finally {
1264             lc.pop(doWhileNode);
1265         }
1266     }
1267 
1268     /**
1269      * ContinueStatement :
1270      *      continue Identifier? ; // [no LineTerminator here]
1271      *
1272      * See 12.7
1273      *
1274      * Parse CONTINUE statement.
1275      */
1276     private void continueStatement() {
1277         // Capture CONTINUE token.
1278         final int  continueLine  = line;
1279         final long continueToken = token;
1280         // CONTINUE tested in caller.
1281         nextOrEOL();
1282 
1283         LabelNode labelNode = null;
1284 
1285         // SEMICOLON or label.
1286         switch (type) {
1287         case RBRACE:
1288         case SEMICOLON:
1289         case EOL:
1290         case EOF:
1291             break;
1292 
1293         default:
1294             final IdentNode ident = getIdent();
1295             labelNode = lc.findLabel(ident.getName());
1296 
1297             if (labelNode == null) {
1298                 throw error(AbstractParser.message("undefined.label", ident.getName()), ident.getToken());
1299             }
1300 
1301             break;
1302         }
1303 
1304         final IdentNode label = labelNode == null ? null : labelNode.getLabel();
1305         final LoopNode targetNode = lc.getContinueTo(label);
1306 
1307         if (targetNode == null) {
1308             throw error(AbstractParser.message("illegal.continue.stmt"), continueToken);
1309         }
1310 
1311         endOfLine();
1312 
1313         // Construct and add CONTINUE node.
1314         appendStatement(new ContinueNode(continueLine, continueToken, finish, label == null ? null : new IdentNode(label)));
1315     }
1316 
1317     /**
1318      * BreakStatement :
1319      *      break Identifier? ; // [no LineTerminator here]
1320      *
1321      * See 12.8
1322      *
1323      */
1324     private void breakStatement() {
1325         // Capture BREAK token.
1326         final int  breakLine  = line;
1327         final long breakToken = token;
1328         // BREAK tested in caller.
1329         nextOrEOL();
1330 
1331         LabelNode labelNode = null;
1332 
1333         // SEMICOLON or label.
1334         switch (type) {
1335         case RBRACE:
1336         case SEMICOLON:
1337         case EOL:
1338         case EOF:
1339             break;
1340 
1341         default:
1342             final IdentNode ident = getIdent();
1343             labelNode = lc.findLabel(ident.getName());
1344 
1345             if (labelNode == null) {
1346                 throw error(AbstractParser.message("undefined.label", ident.getName()), ident.getToken());
1347             }
1348 
1349             break;
1350         }
1351 
1352         //either an explicit label - then get its node or just a "break" - get first breakable
1353         //targetNode is what we are breaking out from.
1354         final IdentNode label = labelNode == null ? null : labelNode.getLabel();
1355         final BreakableNode targetNode = lc.getBreakable(label);
1356         if (targetNode == null) {
1357             throw error(AbstractParser.message("illegal.break.stmt"), breakToken);
1358         }
1359 
1360         endOfLine();
1361 
1362         // Construct and add BREAK node.
1363         appendStatement(new BreakNode(breakLine, breakToken, finish, label == null ? null : new IdentNode(label)));
1364     }
1365 
1366     /**
1367      * ReturnStatement :
1368      *      return Expression? ; // [no LineTerminator here]
1369      *
1370      * See 12.9
1371      *
1372      * Parse RETURN statement.
1373      */
1374     private void returnStatement() {
1375         // check for return outside function
1376         if (lc.getCurrentFunction().getKind() == FunctionNode.Kind.SCRIPT) {
1377             throw error(AbstractParser.message("invalid.return"));
1378         }
1379 
1380         // Capture RETURN token.
1381         final int  returnLine  = line;
1382         final long returnToken = token;
1383         // RETURN tested in caller.
1384         nextOrEOL();
1385 
1386         Expression expression = null;
1387 
1388         // SEMICOLON or expression.
1389         switch (type) {
1390         case RBRACE:
1391         case SEMICOLON:
1392         case EOL:
1393         case EOF:
1394             break;
1395 
1396         default:
1397             expression = expression();
1398             break;
1399         }
1400 
1401         endOfLine();
1402 
1403         // Construct and add RETURN node.
1404         appendStatement(new ReturnNode(returnLine, returnToken, finish, expression));
1405     }
1406 
1407     /**
1408      * YieldStatement :
1409      *      yield Expression? ; // [no LineTerminator here]
1410      *
1411      * JavaScript 1.8
1412      *
1413      * Parse YIELD statement.
1414      */
1415     private void yieldStatement() {
1416         // Capture YIELD token.
1417         final int  yieldLine  = line;
1418         final long yieldToken = token;
1419         // YIELD tested in caller.
1420         nextOrEOL();
1421 
1422         Expression expression = null;
1423 
1424         // SEMICOLON or expression.
1425         switch (type) {
1426         case RBRACE:
1427         case SEMICOLON:
1428         case EOL:
1429         case EOF:
1430             break;
1431 
1432         default:
1433             expression = expression();
1434             break;
1435         }
1436 
1437         endOfLine();
1438 
1439         // Construct and add YIELD node.
1440         appendStatement(new ReturnNode(yieldLine, yieldToken, finish, expression));
1441     }
1442 
1443     /**
1444      * WithStatement :
1445      *      with ( Expression ) Statement
1446      *
1447      * See 12.10
1448      *
1449      * Parse WITH statement.
1450      */
1451     private void withStatement() {
1452         // Capture WITH token.
1453         final int  withLine  = line;
1454         final long withToken = token;
1455         // WITH tested in caller.
1456         next();
1457 
1458         // ECMA 12.10.1 strict mode restrictions
1459         if (isStrictMode) {
1460             throw error(AbstractParser.message("strict.no.with"), withToken);
1461         }
1462 
1463         // Get WITH expression.
1464         WithNode withNode = new WithNode(withLine, withToken, finish);
1465 
1466         try {
1467             lc.push(withNode);
1468             expect(LPAREN);
1469             withNode = withNode.setExpression(lc, expression());
1470             expect(RPAREN);
1471             withNode = withNode.setBody(lc, getStatement());
1472         } finally {
1473             lc.pop(withNode);
1474         }
1475 
1476         appendStatement(withNode);
1477     }
1478 
1479     /**
1480      * SwitchStatement :
1481      *      switch ( Expression ) CaseBlock
1482      *
1483      * CaseBlock :
1484      *      { CaseClauses? }
1485      *      { CaseClauses? DefaultClause CaseClauses }
1486      *
1487      * CaseClauses :
1488      *      CaseClause
1489      *      CaseClauses CaseClause
1490      *
1491      * CaseClause :
1492      *      case Expression : StatementList?
1493      *
1494      * DefaultClause :
1495      *      default : StatementList?
1496      *
1497      * See 12.11
1498      *
1499      * Parse SWITCH statement.
1500      */
1501     private void switchStatement() {
1502         final int  switchLine  = line;
1503         final long switchToken = token;
1504         // SWITCH tested in caller.
1505         next();
1506 
1507         // Create and add switch statement.
1508         SwitchNode switchNode = new SwitchNode(switchLine, switchToken, Token.descPosition(switchToken), null, new ArrayList<CaseNode>(), null);
1509         lc.push(switchNode);
1510 
1511         try {
1512             expect(LPAREN);
1513             switchNode = switchNode.setExpression(lc, expression());
1514             expect(RPAREN);
1515 
1516             expect(LBRACE);
1517 
1518             // Prepare to accumulate cases.
1519             final List<CaseNode> cases = new ArrayList<>();
1520             CaseNode defaultCase = null;
1521 
1522             while (type != RBRACE) {
1523                 // Prepare for next case.
1524                 Expression caseExpression = null;
1525                 final long caseToken = token;
1526 
1527                 switch (type) {
1528                 case CASE:
1529                     next();
1530                     caseExpression = expression();
1531                     break;
1532 
1533                 case DEFAULT:
1534                     if (defaultCase != null) {
1535                         throw error(AbstractParser.message("duplicate.default.in.switch"));
1536                     }
1537                     next();
1538                     break;
1539 
1540                 default:
1541                     // Force an error.
1542                     expect(CASE);
1543                     break;
1544                 }
1545 
1546                 expect(COLON);
1547 
1548                 // Get CASE body.
1549                 final Block statements = getBlock(false);
1550                 final CaseNode caseNode = new CaseNode(caseToken, finish, caseExpression, statements);
1551                 statements.setFinish(finish);
1552 
1553                 if (caseExpression == null) {
1554                     defaultCase = caseNode;
1555                 }
1556 
1557                 cases.add(caseNode);
1558             }
1559 
1560             switchNode = switchNode.setCases(lc, cases, defaultCase);
1561             next();
1562             switchNode.setFinish(finish);
1563 
1564             appendStatement(switchNode);
1565         } finally {
1566             lc.pop(switchNode);
1567         }
1568     }
1569 
1570     /**
1571      * LabelledStatement :
1572      *      Identifier : Statement
1573      *
1574      * See 12.12
1575      *
1576      * Parse label statement.
1577      */
1578     private void labelStatement() {
1579         // Capture label token.
1580         final long labelToken = token;
1581         // Get label ident.
1582         final IdentNode ident = getIdent();
1583 
1584         expect(COLON);
1585 
1586         if (lc.findLabel(ident.getName()) != null) {
1587             throw error(AbstractParser.message("duplicate.label", ident.getName()), labelToken);
1588         }
1589 
1590         LabelNode labelNode = new LabelNode(line, labelToken, finish, ident, null);
1591         try {
1592             lc.push(labelNode);
1593             labelNode = labelNode.setBody(lc, getStatement());
1594             labelNode.setFinish(finish);
1595             appendStatement(labelNode);
1596         } finally {
1597             assert lc.peek() instanceof LabelNode;
1598             lc.pop(labelNode);
1599         }
1600     }
1601 
1602    /**
1603      * ThrowStatement :
1604      *      throw Expression ; // [no LineTerminator here]
1605      *
1606      * See 12.13
1607      *
1608      * Parse throw statement.
1609      */
1610     private void throwStatement() {
1611         // Capture THROW token.
1612         final int  throwLine  = line;
1613         final long throwToken = token;
1614         // THROW tested in caller.
1615         nextOrEOL();
1616 
1617         Expression expression = null;
1618 
1619         // SEMICOLON or expression.
1620         switch (type) {
1621         case RBRACE:
1622         case SEMICOLON:
1623         case EOL:
1624             break;
1625 
1626         default:
1627             expression = expression();
1628             break;
1629         }
1630 
1631         if (expression == null) {
1632             throw error(AbstractParser.message("expected.operand", type.getNameOrType()));
1633         }
1634 
1635         endOfLine();
1636 
1637         appendStatement(new ThrowNode(throwLine, throwToken, finish, expression, 0));
1638     }
1639 
1640     /**
1641      * TryStatement :
1642      *      try Block Catch
1643      *      try Block Finally
1644      *      try Block Catch Finally
1645      *
1646      * Catch :
1647      *      catch( Identifier if Expression ) Block
1648      *      catch( Identifier ) Block
1649      *
1650      * Finally :
1651      *      finally Block
1652      *
1653      * See 12.14
1654      *
1655      * Parse TRY statement.
1656      */
1657     private void tryStatement() {
1658         // Capture TRY token.
1659         final int  tryLine  = line;
1660         final long tryToken = token;
1661         // TRY tested in caller.
1662         next();
1663 
1664         // Container block needed to act as target for labeled break statements
1665         final int startLine = line;
1666         Block outer = newBlock();
1667 
1668         // Create try.
1669 
1670         try {
1671             final Block       tryBody     = getBlock(true);
1672             final List<Block> catchBlocks = new ArrayList<>();
1673 
1674             while (type == CATCH) {
1675                 final int  catchLine  = line;
1676                 final long catchToken = token;
1677                 next();
1678                 expect(LPAREN);
1679                 final IdentNode exception = getIdent();
1680 
1681                 // ECMA 12.4.1 strict mode restrictions
1682                 verifyStrictIdent(exception, "catch argument");
1683 
1684                 // Check for conditional catch.
1685                 final Expression ifExpression;
1686                 if (type == IF) {
1687                     next();
1688                     // Get the exception condition.
1689                     ifExpression = expression();
1690                 } else {
1691                     ifExpression = null;
1692                 }
1693 
1694                 expect(RPAREN);
1695 
1696                 Block catchBlock = newBlock();
1697                 try {
1698                     // Get CATCH body.
1699                     final Block catchBody = getBlock(true);
1700                     final CatchNode catchNode = new CatchNode(catchLine, catchToken, finish, exception, ifExpression, catchBody, 0);
1701                     appendStatement(catchNode);
1702                 } finally {
1703                     catchBlock = restoreBlock(catchBlock);
1704                     catchBlocks.add(catchBlock);
1705                 }
1706 
1707                 // If unconditional catch then should to be the end.
1708                 if (ifExpression == null) {
1709                     break;
1710                 }
1711             }
1712 
1713             // Prepare to capture finally statement.
1714             Block finallyStatements = null;
1715 
1716             if (type == FINALLY) {
1717                 next();
1718                 finallyStatements = getBlock(true);
1719             }
1720 
1721             // Need at least one catch or a finally.
1722             if (catchBlocks.isEmpty() && finallyStatements == null) {
1723                 throw error(AbstractParser.message("missing.catch.or.finally"), tryToken);
1724             }
1725 
1726             final TryNode tryNode = new TryNode(tryLine, tryToken, Token.descPosition(tryToken), tryBody, catchBlocks, finallyStatements);
1727             // Add try.
1728             assert lc.peek() == outer;
1729             appendStatement(tryNode);
1730 
1731             tryNode.setFinish(finish);
1732             outer.setFinish(finish);
1733 
1734         } finally {
1735             outer = restoreBlock(outer);
1736         }
1737 
1738         appendStatement(new BlockStatement(startLine, outer));
1739     }
1740 
1741     /**
1742      * DebuggerStatement :
1743      *      debugger ;
1744      *
1745      * See 12.15
1746      *
1747      * Parse debugger statement.
1748      */
1749     private void  debuggerStatement() {
1750         // Capture DEBUGGER token.
1751         final int  debuggerLine  = line;
1752         final long debuggerToken = token;
1753         // DEBUGGER tested in caller.
1754         next();
1755         endOfLine();
1756         appendStatement(new ExpressionStatement(debuggerLine, debuggerToken, finish, new RuntimeNode(debuggerToken, finish, RuntimeNode.Request.DEBUGGER, new ArrayList<Expression>())));
1757     }
1758 
1759     /**
1760      * PrimaryExpression :
1761      *      this
1762      *      Identifier
1763      *      Literal
1764      *      ArrayLiteral
1765      *      ObjectLiteral
1766      *      ( Expression )
1767      *
1768      *  See 11.1
1769      *
1770      * Parse primary expression.
1771      * @return Expression node.
1772      */
1773     @SuppressWarnings("fallthrough")
1774     private Expression primaryExpression() {
1775         // Capture first token.
1776         final int  primaryLine  = line;
1777         final long primaryToken = token;
1778 
1779         switch (type) {
1780         case THIS:
1781             final String name = type.getName();
1782             next();
1783             return new IdentNode(primaryToken, finish, name);
1784         case IDENT:
1785             final IdentNode ident = getIdent();
1786             if (ident == null) {
1787                 break;
1788             }
1789             detectSpecialProperty(ident);
1790             return ident;
1791         case OCTAL:
1792             if (isStrictMode) {
1793                throw error(AbstractParser.message("strict.no.octal"), token);
1794             }
1795         case STRING:
1796         case ESCSTRING:
1797         case DECIMAL:
1798         case HEXADECIMAL:
1799         case FLOATING:
1800         case REGEX:
1801         case XML:
1802             return getLiteral();
1803         case EXECSTRING:
1804             return execString(primaryLine, primaryToken);
1805         case FALSE:
1806             next();
1807             return LiteralNode.newInstance(primaryToken, finish, false);
1808         case TRUE:
1809             next();
1810             return LiteralNode.newInstance(primaryToken, finish, true);
1811         case NULL:
1812             next();
1813             return LiteralNode.newInstance(primaryToken, finish);
1814         case LBRACKET:
1815             return arrayLiteral();
1816         case LBRACE:
1817             return objectLiteral();
1818         case LPAREN:
1819             next();
1820 
1821             final Expression expression = expression();
1822 
1823             expect(RPAREN);
1824 
1825             return expression;
1826 
1827         default:
1828             // In this context some operator tokens mark the start of a literal.
1829             if (lexer.scanLiteral(primaryToken, type, lineInfoReceiver)) {
1830                 next();
1831                 return getLiteral();
1832             }
1833             if (isNonStrictModeIdent()) {
1834                 return getIdent();
1835             }
1836             break;
1837         }
1838 
1839         return null;
1840     }
1841 
1842     /**
1843      * Convert execString to a call to $EXEC.
1844      *
1845      * @param primaryToken Original string token.
1846      * @return callNode to $EXEC.
1847      */
1848     CallNode execString(final int primaryLine, final long primaryToken) {
1849         // Synthesize an ident to call $EXEC.
1850         final IdentNode execIdent = new IdentNode(primaryToken, finish, ScriptingFunctions.EXEC_NAME);
1851         // Skip over EXECSTRING.
1852         next();
1853         // Set up argument list for call.
1854         // Skip beginning of edit string expression.
1855         expect(LBRACE);
1856         // Add the following expression to arguments.
1857         final List<Expression> arguments = Collections.singletonList(expression());
1858         // Skip ending of edit string expression.
1859         expect(RBRACE);
1860 
1861         return new CallNode(primaryLine, primaryToken, finish, execIdent, arguments);
1862     }
1863 
1864     /**
1865      * ArrayLiteral :
1866      *      [ Elision? ]
1867      *      [ ElementList ]
1868      *      [ ElementList , Elision? ]
1869      *      [ expression for (LeftHandExpression in expression) ( (if ( Expression ) )? ]
1870      *
1871      * ElementList : Elision? AssignmentExpression
1872      *      ElementList , Elision? AssignmentExpression
1873      *
1874      * Elision :
1875      *      ,
1876      *      Elision ,
1877      *
1878      * See 12.1.4
1879      * JavaScript 1.8
1880      *
1881      * Parse array literal.
1882      * @return Expression node.
1883      */
1884     private LiteralNode<Expression[]> arrayLiteral() {
1885         // Capture LBRACKET token.
1886         final long arrayToken = token;
1887         // LBRACKET tested in caller.
1888         next();
1889 
1890         // Prepare to accummulating elements.
1891         final List<Expression> elements = new ArrayList<>();
1892         // Track elisions.
1893         boolean elision = true;
1894 loop:
1895         while (true) {
1896              switch (type) {
1897             case RBRACKET:
1898                 next();
1899 
1900                 break loop;
1901 
1902             case COMMARIGHT:
1903                 next();
1904 
1905                 // If no prior expression
1906                 if (elision) {
1907                     elements.add(null);
1908                 }
1909 
1910                 elision = true;
1911 
1912                 break;
1913 
1914             default:
1915                 if (!elision) {
1916                     throw error(AbstractParser.message("expected.comma", type.getNameOrType()));
1917                 }
1918                 // Add expression element.
1919                 final Expression expression = assignmentExpression(false);
1920 
1921                 if (expression != null) {
1922                     elements.add(expression);
1923                 } else {
1924                     expect(RBRACKET);
1925                 }
1926 
1927                 elision = false;
1928                 break;
1929             }
1930         }
1931 
1932         return LiteralNode.newInstance(arrayToken, finish, elements);
1933     }
1934 
1935     /**
1936      * ObjectLiteral :
1937      *      { }
1938      *      { PropertyNameAndValueList } { PropertyNameAndValueList , }
1939      *
1940      * PropertyNameAndValueList :
1941      *      PropertyAssignment
1942      *      PropertyNameAndValueList , PropertyAssignment
1943      *
1944      * See 11.1.5
1945      *
1946      * Parse an object literal.
1947      * @return Expression node.
1948      */
1949     private ObjectNode objectLiteral() {
1950         // Capture LBRACE token.
1951         final long objectToken = token;
1952         // LBRACE tested in caller.
1953         next();
1954 
1955         // Object context.
1956         // Prepare to accumulate elements.
1957         final List<PropertyNode> elements = new ArrayList<>();
1958         final Map<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
1959 
1960         // Create a block for the object literal.
1961         boolean commaSeen = true;
1962 loop:
1963         while (true) {
1964             switch (type) {
1965                 case RBRACE:
1966                     next();
1967                     break loop;
1968 
1969                 case COMMARIGHT:
1970                     if (commaSeen) {
1971                         throw error(AbstractParser.message("expected.property.id", type.getNameOrType()));
1972                     }
1973                     next();
1974                     commaSeen = true;
1975                     break;
1976 
1977                 default:
1978                     if (!commaSeen) {
1979                         throw error(AbstractParser.message("expected.comma", type.getNameOrType()));
1980                     }
1981 
1982                     commaSeen = false;
1983                     // Get and add the next property.
1984                     final PropertyNode property = propertyAssignment();
1985                     final String key = property.getKeyName();
1986                     final Integer existing = map.get(key);
1987 
1988                     if (existing == null) {
1989                         map.put(key, elements.size());
1990                         elements.add(property);
1991                         break;
1992                     }
1993 
1994                     final PropertyNode existingProperty = elements.get(existing);
1995 
1996                     // ECMA section 11.1.5 Object Initialiser
1997                     // point # 4 on property assignment production
1998                     final Expression   value  = property.getValue();
1999                     final FunctionNode getter = property.getGetter();
2000                     final FunctionNode setter = property.getSetter();
2001 
2002                     final Expression   prevValue  = existingProperty.getValue();
2003                     final FunctionNode prevGetter = existingProperty.getGetter();
2004                     final FunctionNode prevSetter = existingProperty.getSetter();
2005 
2006                     // ECMA 11.1.5 strict mode restrictions
2007                     if (isStrictMode && value != null && prevValue != null) {
2008                         throw error(AbstractParser.message("property.redefinition", key), property.getToken());
2009                     }
2010 
2011                     final boolean isPrevAccessor = prevGetter != null || prevSetter != null;
2012                     final boolean isAccessor     = getter != null     || setter != null;
2013 
2014                     // data property redefined as accessor property
2015                     if (prevValue != null && isAccessor) {
2016                         throw error(AbstractParser.message("property.redefinition", key), property.getToken());
2017                     }
2018 
2019                     // accessor property redefined as data
2020                     if (isPrevAccessor && value != null) {
2021                         throw error(AbstractParser.message("property.redefinition", key), property.getToken());
2022                     }
2023 
2024                     if (isAccessor && isPrevAccessor) {
2025                         if (getter != null && prevGetter != null ||
2026                                 setter != null && prevSetter != null) {
2027                             throw error(AbstractParser.message("property.redefinition", key), property.getToken());
2028                         }
2029                     }
2030 
2031                     if (value != null) {
2032                         elements.add(property);
2033                     } else if (getter != null) {
2034                         elements.set(existing, existingProperty.setGetter(getter));
2035                     } else if (setter != null) {
2036                         elements.set(existing, existingProperty.setSetter(setter));
2037                     }
2038                     break;
2039             }
2040         }
2041 
2042         return new ObjectNode(objectToken, finish, elements);
2043     }
2044 
2045     /**
2046      * PropertyName :
2047      *      IdentifierName
2048      *      StringLiteral
2049      *      NumericLiteral
2050      *
2051      * See 11.1.5
2052      *
2053      * @return PropertyName node
2054      */
2055     @SuppressWarnings("fallthrough")
2056     private PropertyKey propertyName() {
2057         switch (type) {
2058         case IDENT:
2059             return getIdent().setIsPropertyName();
2060         case OCTAL:
2061             if (isStrictMode) {
2062                 throw error(AbstractParser.message("strict.no.octal"), token);
2063             }
2064         case STRING:
2065         case ESCSTRING:
2066         case DECIMAL:
2067         case HEXADECIMAL:
2068         case FLOATING:
2069             return getLiteral();
2070         default:
2071             return getIdentifierName().setIsPropertyName();
2072         }
2073     }
2074 
2075     /**
2076      * PropertyAssignment :
2077      *      PropertyName : AssignmentExpression
2078      *      get PropertyName ( ) { FunctionBody }
2079      *      set PropertyName ( PropertySetParameterList ) { FunctionBody }
2080      *
2081      * PropertySetParameterList :
2082      *      Identifier
2083      *
2084      * PropertyName :
2085      *      IdentifierName
2086      *      StringLiteral
2087      *      NumericLiteral
2088      *
2089      * See 11.1.5
2090      *
2091      * Parse an object literal property.
2092      * @return Property or reference node.
2093      */
2094     private PropertyNode propertyAssignment() {
2095         // Capture firstToken.
2096         final long propertyToken = token;
2097 
2098         FunctionNode functionNode;
2099         PropertyKey propertyName;
2100 
2101         if (type == IDENT) {
2102             // Get IDENT.
2103             final String ident = (String)expectValue(IDENT);
2104 
2105             if (type != COLON) {
2106                 final long getSetToken = token;
2107 
2108                 switch (ident) {
2109                 case "get":
2110                     final PropertyKey getIdent = propertyName();
2111                     final String getterName = getIdent.getPropertyName();
2112                     final IdentNode getNameNode = new IdentNode(((Node)getIdent).getToken(), finish, "get " + NameCodec.encode(getterName));
2113                     expect(LPAREN);
2114                     expect(RPAREN);
2115                     functionNode = functionBody(getSetToken, getNameNode, new ArrayList<IdentNode>(), FunctionNode.Kind.GETTER);
2116                     return new PropertyNode(propertyToken, finish, getIdent, null, functionNode, null);
2117 
2118                 case "set":
2119                     final PropertyKey setIdent = propertyName();
2120                     final String setterName = setIdent.getPropertyName();
2121                     final IdentNode setNameNode = new IdentNode(((Node)setIdent).getToken(), finish, "set " + NameCodec.encode(setterName));
2122                     expect(LPAREN);
2123                     final IdentNode argIdent = getIdent();
2124                     verifyStrictIdent(argIdent, "setter argument");
2125                     expect(RPAREN);
2126                     List<IdentNode> parameters = new ArrayList<>();
2127                     parameters.add(argIdent);
2128                     functionNode = functionBody(getSetToken, setNameNode, parameters, FunctionNode.Kind.SETTER);
2129                     return new PropertyNode(propertyToken, finish, setIdent, null, null, functionNode);
2130 
2131                 default:
2132                     break;
2133                 }
2134             }
2135 
2136             propertyName =  new IdentNode(propertyToken, finish, ident).setIsPropertyName();
2137         } else {
2138             propertyName = propertyName();
2139         }
2140 
2141         expect(COLON);
2142 
2143         return new PropertyNode(propertyToken, finish, propertyName, assignmentExpression(false), null, null);
2144     }
2145 
2146     /**
2147      * LeftHandSideExpression :
2148      *      NewExpression
2149      *      CallExpression
2150      *
2151      * CallExpression :
2152      *      MemberExpression Arguments
2153      *      CallExpression Arguments
2154      *      CallExpression [ Expression ]
2155      *      CallExpression . IdentifierName
2156      *
2157      * See 11.2
2158      *
2159      * Parse left hand side expression.
2160      * @return Expression node.
2161      */
2162     private Expression leftHandSideExpression() {
2163         int  callLine  = line;
2164         long callToken = token;
2165 
2166         Expression lhs = memberExpression();
2167 
2168         if (type == LPAREN) {
2169             final List<Expression> arguments = optimizeList(argumentList());
2170 
2171             // Catch special functions.
2172             if (lhs instanceof IdentNode) {
2173                 detectSpecialFunction((IdentNode)lhs);
2174             }
2175 
2176             lhs = new CallNode(callLine, callToken, finish, lhs, arguments);
2177         }
2178 
2179 loop:
2180         while (true) {
2181             // Capture token.
2182             callLine  = line;
2183             callToken = token;
2184 
2185             switch (type) {
2186             case LPAREN:
2187                 // Get NEW or FUNCTION arguments.
2188                 final List<Expression> arguments = optimizeList(argumentList());
2189 
2190                 // Create call node.
2191                 lhs = new CallNode(callLine, callToken, finish, lhs, arguments);
2192 
2193                 break;
2194 
2195             case LBRACKET:
2196                 next();
2197 
2198                 // Get array index.
2199                 final Expression rhs = expression();
2200 
2201                 expect(RBRACKET);
2202 
2203                 // Create indexing node.
2204                 lhs = new IndexNode(callToken, finish, lhs, rhs);
2205 
2206                 break;
2207 
2208             case PERIOD:
2209                 next();
2210 
2211                 final IdentNode property = getIdentifierName();
2212 
2213                 // Create property access node.
2214                 lhs = new AccessNode(callToken, finish, lhs, property);
2215 
2216                 break;
2217 
2218             default:
2219                 break loop;
2220             }
2221         }
2222 
2223         return lhs;
2224     }
2225 
2226     /**
2227      * NewExpression :
2228      *      MemberExpression
2229      *      new NewExpression
2230      *
2231      * See 11.2
2232      *
2233      * Parse new expression.
2234      * @return Expression node.
2235      */
2236     private Expression newExpression() {
2237         final long newToken = token;
2238         // NEW is tested in caller.
2239         next();
2240 
2241         // Get function base.
2242         final int  callLine    = line;
2243         final Expression constructor = memberExpression();
2244         if (constructor == null) {
2245             return null;
2246         }
2247         // Get arguments.
2248         ArrayList<Expression> arguments;
2249 
2250         // Allow for missing arguments.
2251         if (type == LPAREN) {
2252             arguments = argumentList();
2253         } else {
2254             arguments = new ArrayList<>();
2255         }
2256 
2257         // Nashorn extension: This is to support the following interface implementation
2258         // syntax:
2259         //
2260         //     var r = new java.lang.Runnable() {
2261         //         run: function() { println("run"); }
2262         //     };
2263         //
2264         // The object literal following the "new Constructor()" expresssion
2265         // is passed as an additional (last) argument to the constructor.
2266         if (!env._no_syntax_extensions && type == LBRACE) {
2267             arguments.add(objectLiteral());
2268         }
2269 
2270         final CallNode callNode = new CallNode(callLine, constructor.getToken(), finish, constructor, optimizeList(arguments));
2271 
2272         return new UnaryNode(newToken, callNode);
2273     }
2274 
2275     /**
2276      * MemberExpression :
2277      *      PrimaryExpression
2278      *      FunctionExpression
2279      *      MemberExpression [ Expression ]
2280      *      MemberExpression . IdentifierName
2281      *      new MemberExpression Arguments
2282      *
2283      * See 11.2
2284      *
2285      * Parse member expression.
2286      * @return Expression node.
2287      */
2288     private Expression memberExpression() {
2289         // Prepare to build operation.
2290         Expression lhs;
2291 
2292         switch (type) {
2293         case NEW:
2294             // Get new exppression.
2295             lhs = newExpression();
2296             break;
2297 
2298         case FUNCTION:
2299             // Get function expression.
2300             lhs = functionExpression(false, false);
2301             break;
2302 
2303         default:
2304             // Get primary expression.
2305             lhs = primaryExpression();
2306             break;
2307         }
2308 
2309 loop:
2310         while (true) {
2311             // Capture token.
2312             final long callToken = token;
2313 
2314             switch (type) {
2315             case LBRACKET:
2316                 next();
2317 
2318                 // Get array index.
2319                 final Expression index = expression();
2320 
2321                 expect(RBRACKET);
2322 
2323                 // Create indexing node.
2324                 lhs = new IndexNode(callToken, finish, lhs, index);
2325 
2326                 break;
2327 
2328             case PERIOD:
2329                 if (lhs == null) {
2330                     throw error(AbstractParser.message("expected.operand", type.getNameOrType()));
2331                 }
2332 
2333                 next();
2334 
2335                 final IdentNode property = getIdentifierName();
2336 
2337                 // Create property access node.
2338                 lhs = new AccessNode(callToken, finish, lhs, property);
2339 
2340                 break;
2341 
2342             default:
2343                 break loop;
2344             }
2345         }
2346 
2347         return lhs;
2348     }
2349 
2350     /**
2351      * Arguments :
2352      *      ( )
2353      *      ( ArgumentList )
2354      *
2355      * ArgumentList :
2356      *      AssignmentExpression
2357      *      ArgumentList , AssignmentExpression
2358      *
2359      * See 11.2
2360      *
2361      * Parse function call arguments.
2362      * @return Argument list.
2363      */
2364     private ArrayList<Expression> argumentList() {
2365         // Prepare to accumulate list of arguments.
2366         final ArrayList<Expression> nodeList = new ArrayList<>();
2367         // LPAREN tested in caller.
2368         next();
2369 
2370         // Track commas.
2371         boolean first = true;
2372 
2373         while (type != RPAREN) {
2374             // Comma prior to every argument except the first.
2375             if (!first) {
2376                 expect(COMMARIGHT);
2377             } else {
2378                 first = false;
2379             }
2380 
2381             // Get argument expression.
2382             nodeList.add(assignmentExpression(false));
2383         }
2384 
2385         expect(RPAREN);
2386         return nodeList;
2387     }
2388 
2389     private static <T> List<T> optimizeList(ArrayList<T> list) {
2390         switch(list.size()) {
2391             case 0: {
2392                 return Collections.emptyList();
2393             }
2394             case 1: {
2395                 return Collections.singletonList(list.get(0));
2396             }
2397             default: {
2398                 list.trimToSize();
2399                 return list;
2400             }
2401         }
2402     }
2403 
2404     /**
2405      * FunctionDeclaration :
2406      *      function Identifier ( FormalParameterList? ) { FunctionBody }
2407      *
2408      * FunctionExpression :
2409      *      function Identifier? ( FormalParameterList? ) { FunctionBody }
2410      *
2411      * See 13
2412      *
2413      * Parse function declaration.
2414      * @param isStatement True if for is a statement.
2415      *
2416      * @return Expression node.
2417      */
2418     private Expression functionExpression(final boolean isStatement, final boolean topLevel) {
2419         final long functionToken = token;
2420         final int  functionLine  = line;
2421         // FUNCTION is tested in caller.
2422         next();
2423 
2424         IdentNode name = null;
2425 
2426         if (type == IDENT || isNonStrictModeIdent()) {
2427             name = getIdent();
2428             verifyStrictIdent(name, "function name");
2429         } else if (isStatement) {
2430             // Nashorn extension: anonymous function statements
2431             if (env._no_syntax_extensions) {
2432                 expect(IDENT);
2433             }
2434         }
2435 
2436         // name is null, generate anonymous name
2437         boolean isAnonymous = false;
2438         if (name == null) {
2439             final String tmpName = "_L" + source.getLine(Token.descPosition(token));
2440             name = new IdentNode(functionToken, Token.descPosition(functionToken), tmpName);
2441             isAnonymous = true;
2442         }
2443 
2444         expect(LPAREN);
2445         final List<IdentNode> parameters = formalParameterList();
2446         expect(RPAREN);
2447 
2448         FunctionNode functionNode = functionBody(functionToken, name, parameters, FunctionNode.Kind.NORMAL);
2449 
2450         if (isStatement) {
2451             if (topLevel) {
2452                 functionNode = functionNode.setFlag(lc, FunctionNode.IS_DECLARED);
2453             } else if (isStrictMode) {
2454                 throw error(JSErrorType.SYNTAX_ERROR, AbstractParser.message("strict.no.func.decl.here"), functionToken);
2455             } else if (env._function_statement == ScriptEnvironment.FunctionStatementBehavior.ERROR) {
2456                 throw error(JSErrorType.SYNTAX_ERROR, AbstractParser.message("no.func.decl.here"), functionToken);
2457             } else if (env._function_statement == ScriptEnvironment.FunctionStatementBehavior.WARNING) {
2458                 warning(JSErrorType.SYNTAX_ERROR, AbstractParser.message("no.func.decl.here.warn"), functionToken);
2459             }
2460             if (isArguments(name)) {
2461                 lc.setFlag(lc.getCurrentFunction(), FunctionNode.DEFINES_ARGUMENTS);
2462             }
2463         }
2464 
2465         if (isAnonymous) {
2466             functionNode = functionNode.setFlag(lc, FunctionNode.IS_ANONYMOUS);
2467         }
2468 
2469         final int arity = parameters.size();
2470 
2471         final boolean strict = functionNode.isStrict();
2472         if (arity > 1) {
2473             final HashSet<String> parametersSet = new HashSet<>(arity);
2474 
2475             for (int i = arity - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
2476                 final IdentNode parameter = parameters.get(i);
2477                 String parameterName = parameter.getName();
2478 
2479                 if (isArguments(parameterName)) {
2480                     functionNode = functionNode.setFlag(lc, FunctionNode.DEFINES_ARGUMENTS);
2481                 }
2482 
2483                 if (parametersSet.contains(parameterName)) {
2484                     // redefinition of parameter name
2485                     if (strict) {
2486                         throw error(AbstractParser.message("strict.param.redefinition", parameterName), parameter.getToken());
2487                     }
2488                     // rename in non-strict mode
2489                     parameterName = functionNode.uniqueName(parameterName);
2490                     final long parameterToken = parameter.getToken();
2491                     parameters.set(i, new IdentNode(parameterToken, Token.descPosition(parameterToken), functionNode.uniqueName(parameterName)));
2492                 }
2493 
2494                 parametersSet.add(parameterName);
2495             }
2496         } else if (arity == 1) {
2497             if (isArguments(parameters.get(0))) {
2498                 functionNode = functionNode.setFlag(lc, FunctionNode.DEFINES_ARGUMENTS);
2499             }
2500         }
2501 
2502         if (isStatement) {
2503             final VarNode varNode = new VarNode(functionLine, functionToken, finish, name, functionNode, VarNode.IS_STATEMENT);
2504             if (topLevel) {
2505                 functionDeclarations.add(varNode);
2506             } else {
2507                 appendStatement(varNode);
2508             }
2509         }
2510 
2511         return functionNode;
2512     }
2513 
2514     /**
2515      * FormalParameterList :
2516      *      Identifier
2517      *      FormalParameterList , Identifier
2518      *
2519      * See 13
2520      *
2521      * Parse function parameter list.
2522      * @return List of parameter nodes.
2523      */
2524     private List<IdentNode> formalParameterList() {
2525         return formalParameterList(RPAREN);
2526     }
2527 
2528     /**
2529      * Same as the other method of the same name - except that the end
2530      * token type expected is passed as argument to this method.
2531      *
2532      * FormalParameterList :
2533      *      Identifier
2534      *      FormalParameterList , Identifier
2535      *
2536      * See 13
2537      *
2538      * Parse function parameter list.
2539      * @return List of parameter nodes.
2540      */
2541     private List<IdentNode> formalParameterList(final TokenType endType) {
2542         // Prepare to gather parameters.
2543         final List<IdentNode> parameters = new ArrayList<>();
2544         // Track commas.
2545         boolean first = true;
2546 
2547         while (type != endType) {
2548             // Comma prior to every argument except the first.
2549             if (!first) {
2550                 expect(COMMARIGHT);
2551             } else {
2552                 first = false;
2553             }
2554 
2555             // Get and add parameter.
2556             final IdentNode ident = getIdent();
2557 
2558             // ECMA 13.1 strict mode restrictions
2559             verifyStrictIdent(ident, "function parameter");
2560 
2561             parameters.add(ident);
2562         }
2563 
2564         return parameters;
2565     }
2566 
2567     /**
2568      * FunctionBody :
2569      *      SourceElements?
2570      *
2571      * See 13
2572      *
2573      * Parse function body.
2574      * @return function node (body.)
2575      */
2576     private FunctionNode functionBody(final long firstToken, final IdentNode ident, final List<IdentNode> parameters, final FunctionNode.Kind kind) {
2577         FunctionNode functionNode = null;
2578         long lastToken = 0L;
2579 
2580         try {
2581             // Create a new function block.
2582             functionNode = newFunctionNode(firstToken, ident, parameters, kind);
2583 
2584             // Nashorn extension: expression closures
2585             if (!env._no_syntax_extensions && type != LBRACE) {
2586                 /*
2587                  * Example:
2588                  *
2589                  * function square(x) x * x;
2590                  * print(square(3));
2591                  */
2592 
2593                 // just expression as function body
2594                 final Expression expr = assignmentExpression(true);
2595                 assert lc.getCurrentBlock() == lc.getFunctionBody(functionNode);
2596                 final ReturnNode returnNode = new ReturnNode(functionNode.getLineNumber(), expr.getToken(), finish, expr);
2597                 appendStatement(returnNode);
2598                 lastToken = token;
2599                 functionNode.setFinish(Token.descPosition(token) + Token.descLength(token));
2600 
2601             } else {
2602                 expect(LBRACE);
2603 
2604                 // Gather the function elements.
2605                 final List<Statement> prevFunctionDecls = functionDeclarations;
2606                 functionDeclarations = new ArrayList<>();
2607                 try {
2608                     sourceElements();
2609                     addFunctionDeclarations(functionNode);
2610                 } finally {
2611                     functionDeclarations = prevFunctionDecls;
2612                 }
2613 
2614                 lastToken = token;
2615                 expect(RBRACE);
2616                 functionNode.setFinish(finish);
2617 
2618             }
2619         } finally {
2620             functionNode = restoreFunctionNode(functionNode, lastToken);
2621         }
2622         return functionNode;
2623     }
2624 
2625     private void addFunctionDeclarations(final FunctionNode functionNode) {
2626         assert lc.peek() == lc.getFunctionBody(functionNode);
2627         VarNode lastDecl = null;
2628         for (int i = functionDeclarations.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
2629             Statement decl = functionDeclarations.get(i);
2630             if (lastDecl == null && decl instanceof VarNode) {
2631                 decl = lastDecl = ((VarNode)decl).setFlag(VarNode.IS_LAST_FUNCTION_DECLARATION);
2632                 lc.setFlag(functionNode, FunctionNode.HAS_FUNCTION_DECLARATIONS);
2633             }
2634             prependStatement(decl);
2635         }
2636     }
2637 
2638     private RuntimeNode referenceError(final Expression lhs, final Expression rhs, final boolean earlyError) {
2639         if (earlyError) {
2640             throw error(JSErrorType.REFERENCE_ERROR, AbstractParser.message("invalid.lvalue"), lhs.getToken());
2641         }
2642         final ArrayList<Expression> args = new ArrayList<>();
2643         args.add(lhs);
2644         if (rhs == null) {
2645             args.add(LiteralNode.newInstance(lhs.getToken(), lhs.getFinish()));
2646         } else {
2647             args.add(rhs);
2648         }
2649         args.add(LiteralNode.newInstance(lhs.getToken(), lhs.getFinish(), lhs.toString()));
2650         return new RuntimeNode(lhs.getToken(), lhs.getFinish(), RuntimeNode.Request.REFERENCE_ERROR, args);
2651     }
2652 
2653     /*
2654      * parse LHS [a, b, ..., c].
2655      *
2656      * JavaScript 1.8.
2657      */
2658     //private Node destructureExpression() {
2659     //    return null;
2660     //}
2661 
2662     /**
2663      * PostfixExpression :
2664      *      LeftHandSideExpression
2665      *      LeftHandSideExpression ++ // [no LineTerminator here]
2666      *      LeftHandSideExpression -- // [no LineTerminator here]
2667      *
2668      * See 11.3
2669      *
2670      * UnaryExpression :
2671      *      PostfixExpression
2672      *      delete UnaryExpression
2673      *      Node UnaryExpression
2674      *      typeof UnaryExpression
2675      *      ++ UnaryExpression
2676      *      -- UnaryExpression
2677      *      + UnaryExpression
2678      *      - UnaryExpression
2679      *      ~ UnaryExpression
2680      *      ! UnaryExpression
2681      *
2682      * See 11.4
2683      *
2684      * Parse unary expression.
2685      * @return Expression node.
2686      */
2687     private Expression unaryExpression() {
2688         final int  unaryLine  = line;
2689         final long unaryToken = token;
2690 
2691         switch (type) {
2692         case DELETE: {
2693             next();
2694             final Expression expr = unaryExpression();
2695             if (expr instanceof BaseNode || expr instanceof IdentNode) {
2696                 return new UnaryNode(unaryToken, expr);
2697             }
2698             appendStatement(new ExpressionStatement(unaryLine, unaryToken, finish, expr));
2699             return LiteralNode.newInstance(unaryToken, finish, true);
2700         }
2701         case VOID:
2702         case TYPEOF:
2703         case ADD:
2704         case SUB:
2705         case BIT_NOT:
2706         case NOT:
2707             next();
2708             final Expression expr = unaryExpression();
2709             return new UnaryNode(unaryToken, expr);
2710 
2711         case INCPREFIX:
2712         case DECPREFIX:
2713             final TokenType opType = type;
2714             next();
2715 
2716             final Expression lhs = leftHandSideExpression();
2717             // ++, -- without operand..
2718             if (lhs == null) {
2719                 throw error(AbstractParser.message("expected.lvalue", type.getNameOrType()));
2720             }
2721 
2722             if (!(lhs instanceof AccessNode ||
2723                   lhs instanceof IndexNode ||
2724                   lhs instanceof IdentNode)) {
2725                 return referenceError(lhs, null, env._early_lvalue_error);
2726             }
2727 
2728             if (lhs instanceof IdentNode) {
2729                 if (!checkIdentLValue((IdentNode)lhs)) {
2730                     return referenceError(lhs, null, false);
2731                 }
2732                 verifyStrictIdent((IdentNode)lhs, "operand for " + opType.getName() + " operator");
2733             }
2734 
2735             return incDecExpression(unaryToken, opType, lhs, false);
2736 
2737         default:
2738             break;
2739         }
2740 
2741         Expression expression = leftHandSideExpression();
2742 
2743         if (last != EOL) {
2744             switch (type) {
2745             case INCPREFIX:
2746             case DECPREFIX:
2747                 final TokenType opType = type;
2748                 final Expression lhs = expression;
2749                 // ++, -- without operand..
2750                 if (lhs == null) {
2751                     throw error(AbstractParser.message("expected.lvalue", type.getNameOrType()));
2752                 }
2753 
2754                 if (!(lhs instanceof AccessNode ||
2755                    lhs instanceof IndexNode ||
2756                    lhs instanceof IdentNode)) {
2757                     next();
2758                     return referenceError(lhs, null, env._early_lvalue_error);
2759                 }
2760                 if (lhs instanceof IdentNode) {
2761                     if (!checkIdentLValue((IdentNode)lhs)) {
2762                         next();
2763                         return referenceError(lhs, null, false);
2764                     }
2765                     verifyStrictIdent((IdentNode)lhs, "operand for " + opType.getName() + " operator");
2766                 }
2767                 expression = incDecExpression(token, type, expression, true);
2768                 next();
2769                 break;
2770             default:
2771                 break;
2772             }
2773         }
2774 
2775         if (expression == null) {
2776             throw error(AbstractParser.message("expected.operand", type.getNameOrType()));
2777         }
2778 
2779         return expression;
2780     }
2781 
2782     /**
2783      * MultiplicativeExpression :
2784      *      UnaryExpression
2785      *      MultiplicativeExpression * UnaryExpression
2786      *      MultiplicativeExpression / UnaryExpression
2787      *      MultiplicativeExpression % UnaryExpression
2788      *
2789      * See 11.5
2790      *
2791      * AdditiveExpression :
2792      *      MultiplicativeExpression
2793      *      AdditiveExpression + MultiplicativeExpression
2794      *      AdditiveExpression - MultiplicativeExpression
2795      *
2796      * See 11.6
2797      *
2798      * ShiftExpression :
2799      *      AdditiveExpression
2800      *      ShiftExpression << AdditiveExpression
2801      *      ShiftExpression >> AdditiveExpression
2802      *      ShiftExpression >>> AdditiveExpression
2803      *
2804      * See 11.7
2805      *
2806      * RelationalExpression :
2807      *      ShiftExpression
2808      *      RelationalExpression < ShiftExpression
2809      *      RelationalExpression > ShiftExpression
2810      *      RelationalExpression <= ShiftExpression
2811      *      RelationalExpression >= ShiftExpression
2812      *      RelationalExpression instanceof ShiftExpression
2813      *      RelationalExpression in ShiftExpression // if !noIf
2814      *
2815      * See 11.8
2816      *
2817      *      RelationalExpression
2818      *      EqualityExpression == RelationalExpression
2819      *      EqualityExpression != RelationalExpression
2820      *      EqualityExpression === RelationalExpression
2821      *      EqualityExpression !== RelationalExpression
2822      *
2823      * See 11.9
2824      *
2825      * BitwiseANDExpression :
2826      *      EqualityExpression
2827      *      BitwiseANDExpression & EqualityExpression
2828      *
2829      * BitwiseXORExpression :
2830      *      BitwiseANDExpression
2831      *      BitwiseXORExpression ^ BitwiseANDExpression
2832      *
2833      * BitwiseORExpression :
2834      *      BitwiseXORExpression
2835      *      BitwiseORExpression | BitwiseXORExpression
2836      *
2837      * See 11.10
2838      *
2839      * LogicalANDExpression :
2840      *      BitwiseORExpression
2841      *      LogicalANDExpression && BitwiseORExpression
2842      *
2843      * LogicalORExpression :
2844      *      LogicalANDExpression
2845      *      LogicalORExpression || LogicalANDExpression
2846      *
2847      * See 11.11
2848      *
2849      * ConditionalExpression :
2850      *      LogicalORExpression
2851      *      LogicalORExpression ? AssignmentExpression : AssignmentExpression
2852      *
2853      * See 11.12
2854      *
2855      * AssignmentExpression :
2856      *      ConditionalExpression
2857      *      LeftHandSideExpression AssignmentOperator AssignmentExpression
2858      *
2859      * AssignmentOperator :
2860      *      = *= /= %= += -= <<= >>= >>>= &= ^= |=
2861      *
2862      * See 11.13
2863      *
2864      * Expression :
2865      *      AssignmentExpression
2866      *      Expression , AssignmentExpression
2867      *
2868      * See 11.14
2869      *
2870      * Parse expression.
2871      * @return Expression node.
2872      */
2873     private Expression expression() {
2874         // TODO - Destructuring array.
2875         // Include commas in expression parsing.
2876         return expression(unaryExpression(), COMMARIGHT.getPrecedence(), false);
2877     }
2878 
2879     private Expression expression(final Expression exprLhs, final int minPrecedence, final boolean noIn) {
2880         // Get the precedence of the next operator.
2881         int precedence = type.getPrecedence();
2882         Expression lhs = exprLhs;
2883 
2884         // While greater precedence.
2885         while (type.isOperator(noIn) && precedence >= minPrecedence) {
2886             // Capture the operator token.
2887             final long op = token;
2888 
2889             if (type == TERNARY) {
2890                 // Skip operator.
2891                 next();
2892 
2893                 // Pass expression. Middle expression of a conditional expression can be a "in"
2894                 // expression - even in the contexts where "in" is not permitted.
2895                 final Expression rhs = expression(unaryExpression(), ASSIGN.getPrecedence(), false);
2896 
2897                 expect(COLON);
2898 
2899                 // Fail expression.
2900                 final Expression third = expression(unaryExpression(), ASSIGN.getPrecedence(), noIn);
2901 
2902                 // Build up node.
2903                 lhs = new TernaryNode(op, lhs, rhs, third);
2904             } else {
2905                 // Skip operator.
2906                 next();
2907 
2908                  // Get the next primary expression.
2909                 Expression rhs = unaryExpression();
2910 
2911                 // Get precedence of next operator.
2912                 int nextPrecedence = type.getPrecedence();
2913 
2914                 // Subtask greater precedence.
2915                 while (type.isOperator(noIn) &&
2916                        (nextPrecedence > precedence ||
2917                        nextPrecedence == precedence && !type.isLeftAssociative())) {
2918                     rhs = expression(rhs, nextPrecedence, noIn);
2919                     nextPrecedence = type.getPrecedence();
2920                 }
2921 
2922                 lhs = verifyAssignment(op, lhs, rhs);
2923             }
2924 
2925             precedence = type.getPrecedence();
2926         }
2927 
2928         return lhs;
2929     }
2930 
2931     private Expression assignmentExpression(final boolean noIn) {
2932         // TODO - Handle decompose.
2933         // Exclude commas in expression parsing.
2934         return expression(unaryExpression(), ASSIGN.getPrecedence(), noIn);
2935     }
2936 
2937     /**
2938      * Parse an end of line.
2939      */
2940     private void endOfLine() {
2941         switch (type) {
2942         case SEMICOLON:
2943         case EOL:
2944             next();
2945             break;
2946         case RPAREN:
2947         case RBRACKET:
2948         case RBRACE:
2949         case EOF:
2950             break;
2951         default:
2952             if (last != EOL) {
2953                 expect(SEMICOLON);
2954             }
2955             break;
2956         }
2957     }
2958 
2959     @Override
2960     public String toString() {
2961         return "[JavaScript Parsing]";
2962     }
2963 
2964     private static void markEval(final LexicalContext lc) {
2965         final Iterator<FunctionNode> iter = lc.getFunctions();
2966         boolean flaggedCurrentFn = false;
2967         while (iter.hasNext()) {
2968             final FunctionNode fn = iter.next();
2969             if (!flaggedCurrentFn) {
2970                 lc.setFlag(fn, FunctionNode.HAS_EVAL);
2971                 flaggedCurrentFn = true;
2972             } else {
2973                 lc.setFlag(fn, FunctionNode.HAS_NESTED_EVAL);
2974             }
2975             lc.setBlockNeedsScope(lc.getFunctionBody(fn));
2976         }
2977     }
2978 
2979     private void prependStatement(final Statement statement) {
2980         lc.prependStatement(statement);
2981     }
2982 
2983     private void appendStatement(final Statement statement) {
2984         lc.appendStatement(statement);
2985     }
2986 }