1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2001, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "precompiled.hpp"
  26 #include "gc/shared/taskqueue.hpp"
  27 #include "gc/shared/owstTaskTerminator.hpp"
  28 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  29 #include "logging/log.hpp"
  30 #include "runtime/atomic.hpp"
  31 #include "runtime/os.hpp"
  32 #include "runtime/thread.inline.hpp"
  33 #include "utilities/debug.hpp"
  34 #include "utilities/stack.inline.hpp"
  35 
  36 #ifdef TRACESPINNING
  37 uint ParallelTaskTerminator::_total_yields = 0;
  38 uint ParallelTaskTerminator::_total_spins = 0;
  39 uint ParallelTaskTerminator::_total_peeks = 0;
  40 #endif
  41 
  42 #if TASKQUEUE_STATS
  43 const char * const TaskQueueStats::_names[last_stat_id] = {
  44   "qpush", "qpop", "qpop-s", "qattempt", "qsteal", "opush", "omax"
  45 };
  46 
  47 TaskQueueStats & TaskQueueStats::operator +=(const TaskQueueStats & addend)
  48 {
  49   for (unsigned int i = 0; i < last_stat_id; ++i) {
  50     _stats[i] += addend._stats[i];
  51   }
  52   return *this;
  53 }
  54 
  55 void TaskQueueStats::print_header(unsigned int line, outputStream* const stream,
  56                                   unsigned int width)
  57 {
  58   // Use a width w: 1 <= w <= max_width
  59   const unsigned int max_width = 40;
  60   const unsigned int w = clamp(width, 1u, max_width);
  61 
  62   if (line == 0) { // spaces equal in width to the header
  63     const unsigned int hdr_width = w * last_stat_id + last_stat_id - 1;
  64     stream->print("%*s", hdr_width, " ");
  65   } else if (line == 1) { // labels
  66     stream->print("%*s", w, _names[0]);
  67     for (unsigned int i = 1; i < last_stat_id; ++i) {
  68       stream->print(" %*s", w, _names[i]);
  69     }
  70   } else if (line == 2) { // dashed lines
  71     char dashes[max_width + 1];
  72     memset(dashes, '-', w);
  73     dashes[w] = '\0';
  74     stream->print("%s", dashes);
  75     for (unsigned int i = 1; i < last_stat_id; ++i) {
  76       stream->print(" %s", dashes);
  77     }
  78   }
  79 }
  80 
  81 void TaskQueueStats::print(outputStream* stream, unsigned int width) const
  82 {
  83   #define FMT SIZE_FORMAT_W(*)
  84   stream->print(FMT, width, _stats[0]);
  85   for (unsigned int i = 1; i < last_stat_id; ++i) {
  86     stream->print(" " FMT, width, _stats[i]);
  87   }
  88   #undef FMT
  89 }
  90 
  91 #ifdef ASSERT
  92 // Invariants which should hold after a TaskQueue has been emptied and is
  93 // quiescent; they do not hold at arbitrary times.
  94 void TaskQueueStats::verify() const
  95 {
  96   assert(get(push) == get(pop) + get(steal),
  97          "push=" SIZE_FORMAT " pop=" SIZE_FORMAT " steal=" SIZE_FORMAT,
  98          get(push), get(pop), get(steal));
  99   assert(get(pop_slow) <= get(pop),
 100          "pop_slow=" SIZE_FORMAT " pop=" SIZE_FORMAT,
 101          get(pop_slow), get(pop));
 102   assert(get(steal) <= get(steal_attempt),
 103          "steal=" SIZE_FORMAT " steal_attempt=" SIZE_FORMAT,
 104          get(steal), get(steal_attempt));
 105   assert(get(overflow) == 0 || get(push) != 0,
 106          "overflow=" SIZE_FORMAT " push=" SIZE_FORMAT,
 107          get(overflow), get(push));
 108   assert(get(overflow_max_len) == 0 || get(overflow) != 0,
 109          "overflow_max_len=" SIZE_FORMAT " overflow=" SIZE_FORMAT,
 110          get(overflow_max_len), get(overflow));
 111 }
 112 #endif // ASSERT
 113 #endif // TASKQUEUE_STATS
 114 
 115 ParallelTaskTerminator::
 116 ParallelTaskTerminator(uint n_threads, TaskQueueSetSuper* queue_set) :
 117   _n_threads(n_threads),
 118   _queue_set(queue_set),
 119   _offered_termination(0) {}
 120 
 121 ParallelTaskTerminator::~ParallelTaskTerminator() {
 122   assert(_offered_termination == 0 || !peek_in_queue_set(), "Precondition");
 123   assert(_offered_termination == 0 || _offered_termination == _n_threads, "Terminated or aborted" );
 124 }
 125 
 126 bool ParallelTaskTerminator::peek_in_queue_set() {
 127   return _queue_set->peek();
 128 }
 129 
 130 void ParallelTaskTerminator::yield() {
 131   assert(_offered_termination <= _n_threads, "Invariant");
 132   os::naked_yield();
 133 }
 134 
 135 void ParallelTaskTerminator::sleep(uint millis) {
 136   assert(_offered_termination <= _n_threads, "Invariant");
 137   os::naked_sleep(millis);
 138 }
 139 
 140 bool
 141 ParallelTaskTerminator::offer_termination(TerminatorTerminator* terminator) {
 142   assert(_n_threads > 0, "Initialization is incorrect");
 143   assert(_offered_termination < _n_threads, "Invariant");
 144   Atomic::inc(&_offered_termination);
 145 
 146   uint yield_count = 0;
 147   // Number of hard spin loops done since last yield
 148   uint hard_spin_count = 0;
 149   // Number of iterations in the hard spin loop.
 150   uint hard_spin_limit = WorkStealingHardSpins;
 151 
 152   // If WorkStealingSpinToYieldRatio is 0, no hard spinning is done.
 153   // If it is greater than 0, then start with a small number
 154   // of spins and increase number with each turn at spinning until
 155   // the count of hard spins exceeds WorkStealingSpinToYieldRatio.
 156   // Then do a yield() call and start spinning afresh.
 157   if (WorkStealingSpinToYieldRatio > 0) {
 158     hard_spin_limit = WorkStealingHardSpins >> WorkStealingSpinToYieldRatio;
 159     hard_spin_limit = MAX2(hard_spin_limit, 1U);
 160   }
 161   // Remember the initial spin limit.
 162   uint hard_spin_start = hard_spin_limit;
 163 
 164   // Loop waiting for all threads to offer termination or
 165   // more work.
 166   while (true) {
 167     assert(_offered_termination <= _n_threads, "Invariant");
 168     // Are all threads offering termination?
 169     if (_offered_termination == _n_threads) {
 170       assert(!peek_in_queue_set(), "Precondition");
 171       return true;
 172     } else {
 173       // Look for more work.
 174       // Periodically sleep() instead of yield() to give threads
 175       // waiting on the cores the chance to grab this code
 176       if (yield_count <= WorkStealingYieldsBeforeSleep) {
 177         // Do a yield or hardspin.  For purposes of deciding whether
 178         // to sleep, count this as a yield.
 179         yield_count++;
 180 
 181         // Periodically call yield() instead spinning
 182         // After WorkStealingSpinToYieldRatio spins, do a yield() call
 183         // and reset the counts and starting limit.
 184         if (hard_spin_count > WorkStealingSpinToYieldRatio) {
 185           yield();
 186           hard_spin_count = 0;
 187           hard_spin_limit = hard_spin_start;
 188 #ifdef TRACESPINNING
 189           _total_yields++;
 190 #endif
 191         } else {
 192           // Hard spin this time
 193           // Increase the hard spinning period but only up to a limit.
 194           hard_spin_limit = MIN2(2*hard_spin_limit,
 195                                  (uint) WorkStealingHardSpins);
 196           for (uint j = 0; j < hard_spin_limit; j++) {
 197             SpinPause();
 198           }
 199           hard_spin_count++;
 200 #ifdef TRACESPINNING
 201           _total_spins++;
 202 #endif
 203         }
 204       } else {
 205         log_develop_trace(gc, task)("ParallelTaskTerminator::offer_termination() thread " PTR_FORMAT " sleeps after %u yields",
 206                                     p2i(Thread::current()), yield_count);
 207         yield_count = 0;
 208         // A sleep will cause this processor to seek work on another processor's
 209         // runqueue, if it has nothing else to run (as opposed to the yield
 210         // which may only move the thread to the end of the this processor's
 211         // runqueue).
 212         sleep(WorkStealingSleepMillis);
 213       }
 214 
 215 #ifdef TRACESPINNING
 216       _total_peeks++;
 217 #endif
 218       if (peek_in_queue_set() ||
 219           (terminator != NULL && terminator->should_exit_termination())) {
 220         return complete_or_exit_termination();
 221       }
 222     }
 223   }
 224 }
 225 
 226 #ifdef TRACESPINNING
 227 void ParallelTaskTerminator::print_termination_counts() {
 228   log_trace(gc, task)("ParallelTaskTerminator Total yields: %u"
 229     " Total spins: %u Total peeks: %u",
 230     total_yields(),
 231     total_spins(),
 232     total_peeks());
 233 }
 234 #endif
 235 
 236 bool ParallelTaskTerminator::complete_or_exit_termination() {
 237   // If termination is ever reached, terminator should stay in such state,
 238   // so that all threads see the same state
 239   uint current_offered = _offered_termination;
 240   uint expected_value;
 241   do {
 242     if (current_offered == _n_threads) {
 243       assert(!peek_in_queue_set(), "Precondition");
 244       return true;
 245     }
 246     expected_value = current_offered;
 247   } while ((current_offered = Atomic::cmpxchg(&_offered_termination, current_offered, current_offered - 1)) != expected_value);
 248 
 249   assert(_offered_termination < _n_threads, "Invariant");
 250   return false;
 251 }
 252 
 253 void ParallelTaskTerminator::reset_for_reuse() {
 254   if (_offered_termination != 0) {
 255     assert(_offered_termination == _n_threads,
 256            "Terminator may still be in use");
 257     _offered_termination = 0;
 258   }
 259 }
 260 
 261 #ifdef ASSERT
 262 bool ObjArrayTask::is_valid() const {
 263   return _obj != NULL && _obj->is_objArray() && _index >= 0 &&
 264       _index < objArrayOop(_obj)->length();
 265 }
 266 #endif // ASSERT
 267 
 268 void ParallelTaskTerminator::reset_for_reuse(uint n_threads) {
 269   reset_for_reuse();
 270   _n_threads = n_threads;
 271 }
 272 
 273 TaskTerminator::TaskTerminator(uint n_threads, TaskQueueSetSuper* queue_set) :
 274   _terminator(UseOWSTTaskTerminator ? new OWSTTaskTerminator(n_threads, queue_set)
 275                                     : new ParallelTaskTerminator(n_threads, queue_set)) {
 276 }
 277 
 278 TaskTerminator::~TaskTerminator() {
 279   if (_terminator != NULL) {
 280     delete _terminator;
 281   }
 282 }