1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "precompiled.hpp"
  26 #include "classfile/javaAssertions.hpp"
  27 #include "classfile/symbolTable.hpp"
  28 #include "compiler/compilerOracle.hpp"
  29 #include "memory/allocation.inline.hpp"
  30 #include "memory/cardTableRS.hpp"
  31 #include "memory/genCollectedHeap.hpp"
  32 #include "memory/referenceProcessor.hpp"
  33 #include "memory/universe.inline.hpp"
  34 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  35 #include "prims/jvmtiExport.hpp"
  36 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
  37 #include "runtime/globals_extension.hpp"
  38 #include "runtime/java.hpp"
  39 #include "services/management.hpp"
  40 #include "services/memTracker.hpp"
  41 #include "utilities/defaultStream.hpp"
  42 #include "utilities/macros.hpp"
  43 #include "utilities/taskqueue.hpp"
  44 #ifdef TARGET_OS_FAMILY_linux
  45 # include "os_linux.inline.hpp"
  46 #endif
  47 #ifdef TARGET_OS_FAMILY_solaris
  48 # include "os_solaris.inline.hpp"
  49 #endif
  50 #ifdef TARGET_OS_FAMILY_windows
  51 # include "os_windows.inline.hpp"
  52 #endif
  53 #ifdef TARGET_OS_FAMILY_aix
  54 # include "os_aix.inline.hpp"
  55 #endif
  56 #ifdef TARGET_OS_FAMILY_bsd
  57 # include "os_bsd.inline.hpp"
  58 #endif
  59 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
  60 #include "gc_implementation/concurrentMarkSweep/compactibleFreeListSpace.hpp"
  61 #include "gc_implementation/g1/g1CollectedHeap.inline.hpp"
  62 #include "gc_implementation/parallelScavenge/parallelScavengeHeap.hpp"
  63 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
  64 
  65 // Note: This is a special bug reporting site for the JVM
  66 #define DEFAULT_VENDOR_URL_BUG "http://bugreport.sun.com/bugreport/crash.jsp"
  67 #define DEFAULT_JAVA_LAUNCHER  "generic"
  68 
  69 // Disable options not supported in this release, with a warning if they
  70 // were explicitly requested on the command-line
  71 #define UNSUPPORTED_OPTION(opt, description)                    \
  72 do {                                                            \
  73   if (opt) {                                                    \
  74     if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(opt)) {                                 \
  75       warning(description " is disabled in this release.");     \
  76     }                                                           \
  77     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(opt, false);                               \
  78   }                                                             \
  79 } while(0)
  80 
  81 #define UNSUPPORTED_GC_OPTION(gc)                                     \
  82 do {                                                                  \
  83   if (gc) {                                                           \
  84     if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(gc)) {                                        \
  85       warning(#gc " is not supported in this VM.  Using Serial GC."); \
  86     }                                                                 \
  87     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(gc, false);                                      \
  88   }                                                                   \
  89 } while(0)
  90 
  91 char**  Arguments::_jvm_flags_array             = NULL;
  92 int     Arguments::_num_jvm_flags               = 0;
  93 char**  Arguments::_jvm_args_array              = NULL;
  94 int     Arguments::_num_jvm_args                = 0;
  95 char*  Arguments::_java_command                 = NULL;
  96 SystemProperty* Arguments::_system_properties   = NULL;
  97 const char*  Arguments::_gc_log_filename        = NULL;
  98 bool   Arguments::_has_profile                  = false;
  99 size_t Arguments::_conservative_max_heap_alignment = 0;
 100 uintx  Arguments::_min_heap_size                = 0;
 101 Arguments::Mode Arguments::_mode                = _mixed;
 102 bool   Arguments::_java_compiler                = false;
 103 bool   Arguments::_xdebug_mode                  = false;
 104 const char*  Arguments::_java_vendor_url_bug    = DEFAULT_VENDOR_URL_BUG;
 105 const char*  Arguments::_sun_java_launcher      = DEFAULT_JAVA_LAUNCHER;
 106 int    Arguments::_sun_java_launcher_pid        = -1;
 107 bool   Arguments::_created_by_gamma_launcher    = false;
 108 
 109 // These parameters are reset in method parse_vm_init_args(JavaVMInitArgs*)
 110 bool   Arguments::_AlwaysCompileLoopMethods     = AlwaysCompileLoopMethods;
 111 bool   Arguments::_UseOnStackReplacement        = UseOnStackReplacement;
 112 bool   Arguments::_BackgroundCompilation        = BackgroundCompilation;
 113 bool   Arguments::_ClipInlining                 = ClipInlining;
 114 
 115 char*  Arguments::SharedArchivePath             = NULL;
 116 
 117 AgentLibraryList Arguments::_libraryList;
 118 AgentLibraryList Arguments::_agentList;
 119 
 120 abort_hook_t     Arguments::_abort_hook         = NULL;
 121 exit_hook_t      Arguments::_exit_hook          = NULL;
 122 vfprintf_hook_t  Arguments::_vfprintf_hook      = NULL;
 123 
 124 
 125 SystemProperty *Arguments::_java_ext_dirs = NULL;
 126 SystemProperty *Arguments::_java_endorsed_dirs = NULL;
 127 SystemProperty *Arguments::_sun_boot_library_path = NULL;
 128 SystemProperty *Arguments::_java_library_path = NULL;
 129 SystemProperty *Arguments::_java_home = NULL;
 130 SystemProperty *Arguments::_java_class_path = NULL;
 131 SystemProperty *Arguments::_sun_boot_class_path = NULL;
 132 
 133 char* Arguments::_meta_index_path = NULL;
 134 char* Arguments::_meta_index_dir = NULL;
 135 
 136 // Check if head of 'option' matches 'name', and sets 'tail' remaining part of option string
 137 
 138 static bool match_option(const JavaVMOption *option, const char* name,
 139                          const char** tail) {
 140   int len = (int)strlen(name);
 141   if (strncmp(option->optionString, name, len) == 0) {
 142     *tail = option->optionString + len;
 143     return true;
 144   } else {
 145     return false;
 146   }
 147 }
 148 
 149 static void logOption(const char* opt) {
 150   if (PrintVMOptions) {
 151     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(), "VM option '%s'\n", opt);
 152   }
 153 }
 154 
 155 // Process java launcher properties.
 156 void Arguments::process_sun_java_launcher_properties(JavaVMInitArgs* args) {
 157   // See if sun.java.launcher or sun.java.launcher.pid is defined.
 158   // Must do this before setting up other system properties,
 159   // as some of them may depend on launcher type.
 160   for (int index = 0; index < args->nOptions; index++) {
 161     const JavaVMOption* option = args->options + index;
 162     const char* tail;
 163 
 164     if (match_option(option, "-Dsun.java.launcher=", &tail)) {
 165       process_java_launcher_argument(tail, option->extraInfo);
 166       continue;
 167     }
 168     if (match_option(option, "-Dsun.java.launcher.pid=", &tail)) {
 169       _sun_java_launcher_pid = atoi(tail);
 170       continue;
 171     }
 172   }
 173 }
 174 
 175 // Initialize system properties key and value.
 176 void Arguments::init_system_properties() {
 177 
 178   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, new SystemProperty("java.vm.specification.name",
 179                                                                  "Java Virtual Machine Specification",  false));
 180   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, new SystemProperty("java.vm.version", VM_Version::vm_release(),  false));
 181   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, new SystemProperty("java.vm.name", VM_Version::vm_name(),  false));
 182   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, new SystemProperty("java.vm.info", VM_Version::vm_info_string(),  true));
 183 
 184   // following are JVMTI agent writeable properties.
 185   // Properties values are set to NULL and they are
 186   // os specific they are initialized in os::init_system_properties_values().
 187   _java_ext_dirs = new SystemProperty("java.ext.dirs", NULL,  true);
 188   _java_endorsed_dirs = new SystemProperty("java.endorsed.dirs", NULL,  true);
 189   _sun_boot_library_path = new SystemProperty("sun.boot.library.path", NULL,  true);
 190   _java_library_path = new SystemProperty("java.library.path", NULL,  true);
 191   _java_home =  new SystemProperty("java.home", NULL,  true);
 192   _sun_boot_class_path = new SystemProperty("sun.boot.class.path", NULL,  true);
 193 
 194   _java_class_path = new SystemProperty("java.class.path", "",  true);
 195 
 196   // Add to System Property list.
 197   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _java_ext_dirs);
 198   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _java_endorsed_dirs);
 199   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _sun_boot_library_path);
 200   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _java_library_path);
 201   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _java_home);
 202   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _java_class_path);
 203   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _sun_boot_class_path);
 204 
 205   // Set OS specific system properties values
 206   os::init_system_properties_values();
 207 }
 208 
 209 
 210   // Update/Initialize System properties after JDK version number is known
 211 void Arguments::init_version_specific_system_properties() {
 212   enum { bufsz = 16 };
 213   char buffer[bufsz];
 214   const char* spec_vendor = "Sun Microsystems Inc.";
 215   uint32_t spec_version = 0;
 216 
 217   if (JDK_Version::is_gte_jdk17x_version()) {
 218     spec_vendor = "Oracle Corporation";
 219     spec_version = JDK_Version::current().major_version();
 220   }
 221   jio_snprintf(buffer, bufsz, "1." UINT32_FORMAT, spec_version);
 222 
 223   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties,
 224       new SystemProperty("java.vm.specification.vendor",  spec_vendor, false));
 225   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties,
 226       new SystemProperty("java.vm.specification.version", buffer, false));
 227   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties,
 228       new SystemProperty("java.vm.vendor", VM_Version::vm_vendor(),  false));
 229 }
 230 
 231 /**
 232  * Provide a slightly more user-friendly way of eliminating -XX flags.
 233  * When a flag is eliminated, it can be added to this list in order to
 234  * continue accepting this flag on the command-line, while issuing a warning
 235  * and ignoring the value.  Once the JDK version reaches the 'accept_until'
 236  * limit, we flatly refuse to admit the existence of the flag.  This allows
 237  * a flag to die correctly over JDK releases using HSX.
 238  */
 239 typedef struct {
 240   const char* name;
 241   JDK_Version obsoleted_in; // when the flag went away
 242   JDK_Version accept_until; // which version to start denying the existence
 243 } ObsoleteFlag;
 244 
 245 static ObsoleteFlag obsolete_jvm_flags[] = {
 246   { "UseTrainGC",                    JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 247   { "UseSpecialLargeObjectHandling", JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 248   { "UseOversizedCarHandling",       JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 249   { "TraceCarAllocation",            JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 250   { "PrintTrainGCProcessingStats",   JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 251   { "LogOfCarSpaceSize",             JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 252   { "OversizedCarThreshold",         JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 253   { "MinTickInterval",               JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 254   { "DefaultTickInterval",           JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 255   { "MaxTickInterval",               JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 256   { "DelayTickAdjustment",           JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 257   { "ProcessingToTenuringRatio",     JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 258   { "MinTrainLength",                JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 259   { "AppendRatio",         JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,10), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 260   { "DefaultMaxRAM",       JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,18), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 261   { "DefaultInitialRAMFraction",
 262                            JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,18), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 263   { "UseDepthFirstScavengeOrder",
 264                            JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,22), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 265   { "HandlePromotionFailure",
 266                            JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,24), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 267   { "MaxLiveObjectEvacuationRatio",
 268                            JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,24), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 269   { "ForceSharedSpaces",   JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,25), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 270   { "UseParallelOldGCCompacting",
 271                            JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,27), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 272   { "UseParallelDensePrefixUpdate",
 273                            JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,27), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 274   { "UseParallelOldGCDensePrefix",
 275                            JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,27), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 276   { "AllowTransitionalJSR292",       JDK_Version::jdk(7), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 277   { "UseCompressedStrings",          JDK_Version::jdk(7), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 278   { "CMSPermGenPrecleaningEnabled", JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 279   { "CMSTriggerPermRatio", JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 280   { "CMSInitiatingPermOccupancyFraction", JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 281   { "AdaptivePermSizeWeight", JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 282   { "PermGenPadding", JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 283   { "PermMarkSweepDeadRatio", JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 284   { "PermSize", JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 285   { "MaxPermSize", JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 286   { "MinPermHeapExpansion", JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 287   { "MaxPermHeapExpansion", JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 288   { "CMSRevisitStackSize",           JDK_Version::jdk(8), JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 289   { "PrintRevisitStats",             JDK_Version::jdk(8), JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 290   { "UseVectoredExceptions",         JDK_Version::jdk(8), JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 291   { "UseSplitVerifier",              JDK_Version::jdk(8), JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 292   { "UseISM",                        JDK_Version::jdk(8), JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 293   { "UsePermISM",                    JDK_Version::jdk(8), JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 294   { "UseMPSS",                       JDK_Version::jdk(8), JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 295   { "UseStringCache",                JDK_Version::jdk(8), JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 296   { "UseOldInlining",                JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::jdk(10) },
 297 #ifdef PRODUCT
 298   { "DesiredMethodLimit",
 299                            JDK_Version::jdk_update(7, 2), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 300 #endif // PRODUCT
 301   { NULL, JDK_Version(0), JDK_Version(0) }
 302 };
 303 
 304 // Returns true if the flag is obsolete and fits into the range specified
 305 // for being ignored.  In the case that the flag is ignored, the 'version'
 306 // value is filled in with the version number when the flag became
 307 // obsolete so that that value can be displayed to the user.
 308 bool Arguments::is_newly_obsolete(const char *s, JDK_Version* version) {
 309   int i = 0;
 310   assert(version != NULL, "Must provide a version buffer");
 311   while (obsolete_jvm_flags[i].name != NULL) {
 312     const ObsoleteFlag& flag_status = obsolete_jvm_flags[i];
 313     // <flag>=xxx form
 314     // [-|+]<flag> form
 315     if ((strncmp(flag_status.name, s, strlen(flag_status.name)) == 0) ||
 316         ((s[0] == '+' || s[0] == '-') &&
 317         (strncmp(flag_status.name, &s[1], strlen(flag_status.name)) == 0))) {
 318       if (JDK_Version::current().compare(flag_status.accept_until) == -1) {
 319           *version = flag_status.obsoleted_in;
 320           return true;
 321       }
 322     }
 323     i++;
 324   }
 325   return false;
 326 }
 327 
 328 // Constructs the system class path (aka boot class path) from the following
 329 // components, in order:
 330 //
 331 //     prefix           // from -Xbootclasspath/p:...
 332 //     endorsed         // the expansion of -Djava.endorsed.dirs=...
 333 //     base             // from os::get_system_properties() or -Xbootclasspath=
 334 //     suffix           // from -Xbootclasspath/a:...
 335 //
 336 // java.endorsed.dirs is a list of directories; any jar or zip files in the
 337 // directories are added to the sysclasspath just before the base.
 338 //
 339 // This could be AllStatic, but it isn't needed after argument processing is
 340 // complete.
 341 class SysClassPath: public StackObj {
 342 public:
 343   SysClassPath(const char* base);
 344   ~SysClassPath();
 345 
 346   inline void set_base(const char* base);
 347   inline void add_prefix(const char* prefix);
 348   inline void add_suffix_to_prefix(const char* suffix);
 349   inline void add_suffix(const char* suffix);
 350   inline void reset_path(const char* base);
 351 
 352   // Expand the jar/zip files in each directory listed by the java.endorsed.dirs
 353   // property.  Must be called after all command-line arguments have been
 354   // processed (in particular, -Djava.endorsed.dirs=...) and before calling
 355   // combined_path().
 356   void expand_endorsed();
 357 
 358   inline const char* get_base()     const { return _items[_scp_base]; }
 359   inline const char* get_prefix()   const { return _items[_scp_prefix]; }
 360   inline const char* get_suffix()   const { return _items[_scp_suffix]; }
 361   inline const char* get_endorsed() const { return _items[_scp_endorsed]; }
 362 
 363   // Combine all the components into a single c-heap-allocated string; caller
 364   // must free the string if/when no longer needed.
 365   char* combined_path();
 366 
 367 private:
 368   // Utility routines.
 369   static char* add_to_path(const char* path, const char* str, bool prepend);
 370   static char* add_jars_to_path(char* path, const char* directory);
 371 
 372   inline void reset_item_at(int index);
 373 
 374   // Array indices for the items that make up the sysclasspath.  All except the
 375   // base are allocated in the C heap and freed by this class.
 376   enum {
 377     _scp_prefix,        // from -Xbootclasspath/p:...
 378     _scp_endorsed,      // the expansion of -Djava.endorsed.dirs=...
 379     _scp_base,          // the default sysclasspath
 380     _scp_suffix,        // from -Xbootclasspath/a:...
 381     _scp_nitems         // the number of items, must be last.
 382   };
 383 
 384   const char* _items[_scp_nitems];
 385   DEBUG_ONLY(bool _expansion_done;)
 386 };
 387 
 388 SysClassPath::SysClassPath(const char* base) {
 389   memset(_items, 0, sizeof(_items));
 390   _items[_scp_base] = base;
 391   DEBUG_ONLY(_expansion_done = false;)
 392 }
 393 
 394 SysClassPath::~SysClassPath() {
 395   // Free everything except the base.
 396   for (int i = 0; i < _scp_nitems; ++i) {
 397     if (i != _scp_base) reset_item_at(i);
 398   }
 399   DEBUG_ONLY(_expansion_done = false;)
 400 }
 401 
 402 inline void SysClassPath::set_base(const char* base) {
 403   _items[_scp_base] = base;
 404 }
 405 
 406 inline void SysClassPath::add_prefix(const char* prefix) {
 407   _items[_scp_prefix] = add_to_path(_items[_scp_prefix], prefix, true);
 408 }
 409 
 410 inline void SysClassPath::add_suffix_to_prefix(const char* suffix) {
 411   _items[_scp_prefix] = add_to_path(_items[_scp_prefix], suffix, false);
 412 }
 413 
 414 inline void SysClassPath::add_suffix(const char* suffix) {
 415   _items[_scp_suffix] = add_to_path(_items[_scp_suffix], suffix, false);
 416 }
 417 
 418 inline void SysClassPath::reset_item_at(int index) {
 419   assert(index < _scp_nitems && index != _scp_base, "just checking");
 420   if (_items[index] != NULL) {
 421     FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, _items[index], mtInternal);
 422     _items[index] = NULL;
 423   }
 424 }
 425 
 426 inline void SysClassPath::reset_path(const char* base) {
 427   // Clear the prefix and suffix.
 428   reset_item_at(_scp_prefix);
 429   reset_item_at(_scp_suffix);
 430   set_base(base);
 431 }
 432 
 433 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 434 
 435 void SysClassPath::expand_endorsed() {
 436   assert(_items[_scp_endorsed] == NULL, "can only be called once.");
 437 
 438   const char* path = Arguments::get_property("java.endorsed.dirs");
 439   if (path == NULL) {
 440     path = Arguments::get_endorsed_dir();
 441     assert(path != NULL, "no default for java.endorsed.dirs");
 442   }
 443 
 444   char* expanded_path = NULL;
 445   const char separator = *os::path_separator();
 446   const char* const end = path + strlen(path);
 447   while (path < end) {
 448     const char* tmp_end = strchr(path, separator);
 449     if (tmp_end == NULL) {
 450       expanded_path = add_jars_to_path(expanded_path, path);
 451       path = end;
 452     } else {
 453       char* dirpath = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, tmp_end - path + 1, mtInternal);
 454       memcpy(dirpath, path, tmp_end - path);
 455       dirpath[tmp_end - path] = '\0';
 456       expanded_path = add_jars_to_path(expanded_path, dirpath);
 457       FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, dirpath, mtInternal);
 458       path = tmp_end + 1;
 459     }
 460   }
 461   _items[_scp_endorsed] = expanded_path;
 462   DEBUG_ONLY(_expansion_done = true;)
 463 }
 464 
 465 // Combine the bootclasspath elements, some of which may be null, into a single
 466 // c-heap-allocated string.
 467 char* SysClassPath::combined_path() {
 468   assert(_items[_scp_base] != NULL, "empty default sysclasspath");
 469   assert(_expansion_done, "must call expand_endorsed() first.");
 470 
 471   size_t lengths[_scp_nitems];
 472   size_t total_len = 0;
 473 
 474   const char separator = *os::path_separator();
 475 
 476   // Get the lengths.
 477   int i;
 478   for (i = 0; i < _scp_nitems; ++i) {
 479     if (_items[i] != NULL) {
 480       lengths[i] = strlen(_items[i]);
 481       // Include space for the separator char (or a NULL for the last item).
 482       total_len += lengths[i] + 1;
 483     }
 484   }
 485   assert(total_len > 0, "empty sysclasspath not allowed");
 486 
 487   // Copy the _items to a single string.
 488   char* cp = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, total_len, mtInternal);
 489   char* cp_tmp = cp;
 490   for (i = 0; i < _scp_nitems; ++i) {
 491     if (_items[i] != NULL) {
 492       memcpy(cp_tmp, _items[i], lengths[i]);
 493       cp_tmp += lengths[i];
 494       *cp_tmp++ = separator;
 495     }
 496   }
 497   *--cp_tmp = '\0';     // Replace the extra separator.
 498   return cp;
 499 }
 500 
 501 // Note:  path must be c-heap-allocated (or NULL); it is freed if non-null.
 502 char*
 503 SysClassPath::add_to_path(const char* path, const char* str, bool prepend) {
 504   char *cp;
 505 
 506   assert(str != NULL, "just checking");
 507   if (path == NULL) {
 508     size_t len = strlen(str) + 1;
 509     cp = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len, mtInternal);
 510     memcpy(cp, str, len);                       // copy the trailing null
 511   } else {
 512     const char separator = *os::path_separator();
 513     size_t old_len = strlen(path);
 514     size_t str_len = strlen(str);
 515     size_t len = old_len + str_len + 2;
 516 
 517     if (prepend) {
 518       cp = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len, mtInternal);
 519       char* cp_tmp = cp;
 520       memcpy(cp_tmp, str, str_len);
 521       cp_tmp += str_len;
 522       *cp_tmp = separator;
 523       memcpy(++cp_tmp, path, old_len + 1);      // copy the trailing null
 524       FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, path, mtInternal);
 525     } else {
 526       cp = REALLOC_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, path, len, mtInternal);
 527       char* cp_tmp = cp + old_len;
 528       *cp_tmp = separator;
 529       memcpy(++cp_tmp, str, str_len + 1);       // copy the trailing null
 530     }
 531   }
 532   return cp;
 533 }
 534 
 535 // Scan the directory and append any jar or zip files found to path.
 536 // Note:  path must be c-heap-allocated (or NULL); it is freed if non-null.
 537 char* SysClassPath::add_jars_to_path(char* path, const char* directory) {
 538   DIR* dir = os::opendir(directory);
 539   if (dir == NULL) return path;
 540 
 541   char dir_sep[2] = { '\0', '\0' };
 542   size_t directory_len = strlen(directory);
 543   const char fileSep = *os::file_separator();
 544   if (directory[directory_len - 1] != fileSep) dir_sep[0] = fileSep;
 545 
 546   /* Scan the directory for jars/zips, appending them to path. */
 547   struct dirent *entry;
 548   char *dbuf = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, os::readdir_buf_size(directory), mtInternal);
 549   while ((entry = os::readdir(dir, (dirent *) dbuf)) != NULL) {
 550     const char* name = entry->d_name;
 551     const char* ext = name + strlen(name) - 4;
 552     bool isJarOrZip = ext > name &&
 553       (os::file_name_strcmp(ext, ".jar") == 0 ||
 554        os::file_name_strcmp(ext, ".zip") == 0);
 555     if (isJarOrZip) {
 556       char* jarpath = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, directory_len + 2 + strlen(name), mtInternal);
 557       sprintf(jarpath, "%s%s%s", directory, dir_sep, name);
 558       path = add_to_path(path, jarpath, false);
 559       FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, jarpath, mtInternal);
 560     }
 561   }
 562   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, dbuf, mtInternal);
 563   os::closedir(dir);
 564   return path;
 565 }
 566 
 567 // Parses a memory size specification string.
 568 static bool atomull(const char *s, julong* result) {
 569   julong n = 0;
 570   int args_read = sscanf(s, JULONG_FORMAT, &n);
 571   if (args_read != 1) {
 572     return false;
 573   }
 574   while (*s != '\0' && isdigit(*s)) {
 575     s++;
 576   }
 577   // 4705540: illegal if more characters are found after the first non-digit
 578   if (strlen(s) > 1) {
 579     return false;
 580   }
 581   switch (*s) {
 582     case 'T': case 't':
 583       *result = n * G * K;
 584       // Check for overflow.
 585       if (*result/((julong)G * K) != n) return false;
 586       return true;
 587     case 'G': case 'g':
 588       *result = n * G;
 589       if (*result/G != n) return false;
 590       return true;
 591     case 'M': case 'm':
 592       *result = n * M;
 593       if (*result/M != n) return false;
 594       return true;
 595     case 'K': case 'k':
 596       *result = n * K;
 597       if (*result/K != n) return false;
 598       return true;
 599     case '\0':
 600       *result = n;
 601       return true;
 602     default:
 603       return false;
 604   }
 605 }
 606 
 607 Arguments::ArgsRange Arguments::check_memory_size(julong size, julong min_size) {
 608   if (size < min_size) return arg_too_small;
 609   // Check that size will fit in a size_t (only relevant on 32-bit)
 610   if (size > max_uintx) return arg_too_big;
 611   return arg_in_range;
 612 }
 613 
 614 // Describe an argument out of range error
 615 void Arguments::describe_range_error(ArgsRange errcode) {
 616   switch(errcode) {
 617   case arg_too_big:
 618     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
 619                 "The specified size exceeds the maximum "
 620                 "representable size.\n");
 621     break;
 622   case arg_too_small:
 623   case arg_unreadable:
 624   case arg_in_range:
 625     // do nothing for now
 626     break;
 627   default:
 628     ShouldNotReachHere();
 629   }
 630 }
 631 
 632 static bool set_bool_flag(char* name, bool value, Flag::Flags origin) {
 633   return CommandLineFlags::boolAtPut(name, &value, origin);
 634 }
 635 
 636 static bool set_fp_numeric_flag(char* name, char* value, Flag::Flags origin) {
 637   double v;
 638   if (sscanf(value, "%lf", &v) != 1) {
 639     return false;
 640   }
 641 
 642   if (CommandLineFlags::doubleAtPut(name, &v, origin)) {
 643     return true;
 644   }
 645   return false;
 646 }
 647 
 648 static bool set_numeric_flag(char* name, char* value, Flag::Flags origin) {
 649   julong v;
 650   intx intx_v;
 651   bool is_neg = false;
 652   // Check the sign first since atomull() parses only unsigned values.
 653   if (*value == '-') {
 654     if (!CommandLineFlags::intxAt(name, &intx_v)) {
 655       return false;
 656     }
 657     value++;
 658     is_neg = true;
 659   }
 660   if (!atomull(value, &v)) {
 661     return false;
 662   }
 663   intx_v = (intx) v;
 664   if (is_neg) {
 665     intx_v = -intx_v;
 666   }
 667   if (CommandLineFlags::intxAtPut(name, &intx_v, origin)) {
 668     return true;
 669   }
 670   uintx uintx_v = (uintx) v;
 671   if (!is_neg && CommandLineFlags::uintxAtPut(name, &uintx_v, origin)) {
 672     return true;
 673   }
 674   uint64_t uint64_t_v = (uint64_t) v;
 675   if (!is_neg && CommandLineFlags::uint64_tAtPut(name, &uint64_t_v, origin)) {
 676     return true;
 677   }
 678   return false;
 679 }
 680 
 681 static bool set_string_flag(char* name, const char* value, Flag::Flags origin) {
 682   if (!CommandLineFlags::ccstrAtPut(name, &value, origin))  return false;
 683   // Contract:  CommandLineFlags always returns a pointer that needs freeing.
 684   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, value, mtInternal);
 685   return true;
 686 }
 687 
 688 static bool append_to_string_flag(char* name, const char* new_value, Flag::Flags origin) {
 689   const char* old_value = "";
 690   if (!CommandLineFlags::ccstrAt(name, &old_value))  return false;
 691   size_t old_len = old_value != NULL ? strlen(old_value) : 0;
 692   size_t new_len = strlen(new_value);
 693   const char* value;
 694   char* free_this_too = NULL;
 695   if (old_len == 0) {
 696     value = new_value;
 697   } else if (new_len == 0) {
 698     value = old_value;
 699   } else {
 700     char* buf = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, old_len + 1 + new_len + 1, mtInternal);
 701     // each new setting adds another LINE to the switch:
 702     sprintf(buf, "%s\n%s", old_value, new_value);
 703     value = buf;
 704     free_this_too = buf;
 705   }
 706   (void) CommandLineFlags::ccstrAtPut(name, &value, origin);
 707   // CommandLineFlags always returns a pointer that needs freeing.
 708   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, value, mtInternal);
 709   if (free_this_too != NULL) {
 710     // CommandLineFlags made its own copy, so I must delete my own temp. buffer.
 711     FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, free_this_too, mtInternal);
 712   }
 713   return true;
 714 }
 715 
 716 bool Arguments::parse_argument(const char* arg, Flag::Flags origin) {
 717 
 718   // range of acceptable characters spelled out for portability reasons
 719 #define NAME_RANGE  "[abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789_]"
 720 #define BUFLEN 255
 721   char name[BUFLEN+1];
 722   char dummy;
 723 
 724   if (sscanf(arg, "-%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "%c", name, &dummy) == 1) {
 725     return set_bool_flag(name, false, origin);
 726   }
 727   if (sscanf(arg, "+%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "%c", name, &dummy) == 1) {
 728     return set_bool_flag(name, true, origin);
 729   }
 730 
 731   char punct;
 732   if (sscanf(arg, "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "%c", name, &punct) == 2 && punct == '=') {
 733     const char* value = strchr(arg, '=') + 1;
 734     Flag* flag = Flag::find_flag(name, strlen(name));
 735     if (flag != NULL && flag->is_ccstr()) {
 736       if (flag->ccstr_accumulates()) {
 737         return append_to_string_flag(name, value, origin);
 738       } else {
 739         if (value[0] == '\0') {
 740           value = NULL;
 741         }
 742         return set_string_flag(name, value, origin);
 743       }
 744     }
 745   }
 746 
 747   if (sscanf(arg, "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE ":%c", name, &punct) == 2 && punct == '=') {
 748     const char* value = strchr(arg, '=') + 1;
 749     // -XX:Foo:=xxx will reset the string flag to the given value.
 750     if (value[0] == '\0') {
 751       value = NULL;
 752     }
 753     return set_string_flag(name, value, origin);
 754   }
 755 
 756 #define SIGNED_FP_NUMBER_RANGE "[-0123456789.]"
 757 #define SIGNED_NUMBER_RANGE    "[-0123456789]"
 758 #define        NUMBER_RANGE    "[0123456789]"
 759   char value[BUFLEN + 1];
 760   char value2[BUFLEN + 1];
 761   if (sscanf(arg, "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "=" "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) SIGNED_NUMBER_RANGE "." "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NUMBER_RANGE "%c", name, value, value2, &dummy) == 3) {
 762     // Looks like a floating-point number -- try again with more lenient format string
 763     if (sscanf(arg, "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "=" "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) SIGNED_FP_NUMBER_RANGE "%c", name, value, &dummy) == 2) {
 764       return set_fp_numeric_flag(name, value, origin);
 765     }
 766   }
 767 
 768 #define VALUE_RANGE "[-kmgtKMGT0123456789]"
 769   if (sscanf(arg, "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "=" "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) VALUE_RANGE "%c", name, value, &dummy) == 2) {
 770     return set_numeric_flag(name, value, origin);
 771   }
 772 
 773   return false;
 774 }
 775 
 776 void Arguments::add_string(char*** bldarray, int* count, const char* arg) {
 777   assert(bldarray != NULL, "illegal argument");
 778 
 779   if (arg == NULL) {
 780     return;
 781   }
 782 
 783   int new_count = *count + 1;
 784 
 785   // expand the array and add arg to the last element
 786   if (*bldarray == NULL) {
 787     *bldarray = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char*, new_count, mtInternal);
 788   } else {
 789     *bldarray = REALLOC_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char*, *bldarray, new_count, mtInternal);
 790   }
 791   (*bldarray)[*count] = strdup(arg);
 792   *count = new_count;
 793 }
 794 
 795 void Arguments::build_jvm_args(const char* arg) {
 796   add_string(&_jvm_args_array, &_num_jvm_args, arg);
 797 }
 798 
 799 void Arguments::build_jvm_flags(const char* arg) {
 800   add_string(&_jvm_flags_array, &_num_jvm_flags, arg);
 801 }
 802 
 803 // utility function to return a string that concatenates all
 804 // strings in a given char** array
 805 const char* Arguments::build_resource_string(char** args, int count) {
 806   if (args == NULL || count == 0) {
 807     return NULL;
 808   }
 809   size_t length = strlen(args[0]) + 1; // add 1 for the null terminator
 810   for (int i = 1; i < count; i++) {
 811     length += strlen(args[i]) + 1; // add 1 for a space
 812   }
 813   char* s = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(char, length);
 814   strcpy(s, args[0]);
 815   for (int j = 1; j < count; j++) {
 816     strcat(s, " ");
 817     strcat(s, args[j]);
 818   }
 819   return (const char*) s;
 820 }
 821 
 822 void Arguments::print_on(outputStream* st) {
 823   st->print_cr("VM Arguments:");
 824   if (num_jvm_flags() > 0) {
 825     st->print("jvm_flags: "); print_jvm_flags_on(st);
 826   }
 827   if (num_jvm_args() > 0) {
 828     st->print("jvm_args: "); print_jvm_args_on(st);
 829   }
 830   st->print_cr("java_command: %s", java_command() ? java_command() : "<unknown>");
 831   if (_java_class_path != NULL) {
 832     char* path = _java_class_path->value();
 833     st->print_cr("java_class_path (initial): %s", strlen(path) == 0 ? "<not set>" : path );
 834   }
 835   st->print_cr("Launcher Type: %s", _sun_java_launcher);
 836 }
 837 
 838 void Arguments::print_jvm_flags_on(outputStream* st) {
 839   if (_num_jvm_flags > 0) {
 840     for (int i=0; i < _num_jvm_flags; i++) {
 841       st->print("%s ", _jvm_flags_array[i]);
 842     }
 843     st->cr();
 844   }
 845 }
 846 
 847 void Arguments::print_jvm_args_on(outputStream* st) {
 848   if (_num_jvm_args > 0) {
 849     for (int i=0; i < _num_jvm_args; i++) {
 850       st->print("%s ", _jvm_args_array[i]);
 851     }
 852     st->cr();
 853   }
 854 }
 855 
 856 bool Arguments::process_argument(const char* arg,
 857     jboolean ignore_unrecognized, Flag::Flags origin) {
 858 
 859   JDK_Version since = JDK_Version();
 860 
 861   if (parse_argument(arg, origin) || ignore_unrecognized) {
 862     return true;
 863   }
 864 
 865   bool has_plus_minus = (*arg == '+' || *arg == '-');
 866   const char* const argname = has_plus_minus ? arg + 1 : arg;
 867   if (is_newly_obsolete(arg, &since)) {
 868     char version[256];
 869     since.to_string(version, sizeof(version));
 870     warning("ignoring option %s; support was removed in %s", argname, version);
 871     return true;
 872   }
 873 
 874   // For locked flags, report a custom error message if available.
 875   // Otherwise, report the standard unrecognized VM option.
 876 
 877   size_t arg_len;
 878   const char* equal_sign = strchr(argname, '=');
 879   if (equal_sign == NULL) {
 880     arg_len = strlen(argname);
 881   } else {
 882     arg_len = equal_sign - argname;
 883   }
 884 
 885   Flag* found_flag = Flag::find_flag((const char*)argname, arg_len, true, true);
 886   if (found_flag != NULL) {
 887     char locked_message_buf[BUFLEN];
 888     found_flag->get_locked_message(locked_message_buf, BUFLEN);
 889     if (strlen(locked_message_buf) == 0) {
 890       if (found_flag->is_bool() && !has_plus_minus) {
 891         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
 892           "Missing +/- setting for VM option '%s'\n", argname);
 893       } else if (!found_flag->is_bool() && has_plus_minus) {
 894         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
 895           "Unexpected +/- setting in VM option '%s'\n", argname);
 896       } else {
 897         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
 898           "Improperly specified VM option '%s'\n", argname);
 899       }
 900     } else {
 901       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(), "%s", locked_message_buf);
 902     }
 903   } else {
 904     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
 905                 "Unrecognized VM option '%s'\n", argname);
 906     Flag* fuzzy_matched = Flag::fuzzy_match((const char*)argname, arg_len, true);
 907     if (fuzzy_matched != NULL) {
 908       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
 909                   "Did you mean '%s%s%s'?\n",
 910                   (fuzzy_matched->is_bool()) ? "(+/-)" : "",
 911                   fuzzy_matched->_name,
 912                   (fuzzy_matched->is_bool()) ? "" : "=<value>");
 913     }
 914   }
 915 
 916   // allow for commandline "commenting out" options like -XX:#+Verbose
 917   return arg[0] == '#';
 918 }
 919 
 920 bool Arguments::process_settings_file(const char* file_name, bool should_exist, jboolean ignore_unrecognized) {
 921   FILE* stream = fopen(file_name, "rb");
 922   if (stream == NULL) {
 923     if (should_exist) {
 924       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
 925                   "Could not open settings file %s\n", file_name);
 926       return false;
 927     } else {
 928       return true;
 929     }
 930   }
 931 
 932   char token[1024];
 933   int  pos = 0;
 934 
 935   bool in_white_space = true;
 936   bool in_comment     = false;
 937   bool in_quote       = false;
 938   char quote_c        = 0;
 939   bool result         = true;
 940 
 941   int c = getc(stream);
 942   while(c != EOF && pos < (int)(sizeof(token)-1)) {
 943     if (in_white_space) {
 944       if (in_comment) {
 945         if (c == '\n') in_comment = false;
 946       } else {
 947         if (c == '#') in_comment = true;
 948         else if (!isspace(c)) {
 949           in_white_space = false;
 950           token[pos++] = c;
 951         }
 952       }
 953     } else {
 954       if (c == '\n' || (!in_quote && isspace(c))) {
 955         // token ends at newline, or at unquoted whitespace
 956         // this allows a way to include spaces in string-valued options
 957         token[pos] = '\0';
 958         logOption(token);
 959         result &= process_argument(token, ignore_unrecognized, Flag::CONFIG_FILE);
 960         build_jvm_flags(token);
 961         pos = 0;
 962         in_white_space = true;
 963         in_quote = false;
 964       } else if (!in_quote && (c == '\'' || c == '"')) {
 965         in_quote = true;
 966         quote_c = c;
 967       } else if (in_quote && (c == quote_c)) {
 968         in_quote = false;
 969       } else {
 970         token[pos++] = c;
 971       }
 972     }
 973     c = getc(stream);
 974   }
 975   if (pos > 0) {
 976     token[pos] = '\0';
 977     result &= process_argument(token, ignore_unrecognized, Flag::CONFIG_FILE);
 978     build_jvm_flags(token);
 979   }
 980   fclose(stream);
 981   return result;
 982 }
 983 
 984 //=============================================================================================================
 985 // Parsing of properties (-D)
 986 
 987 const char* Arguments::get_property(const char* key) {
 988   return PropertyList_get_value(system_properties(), key);
 989 }
 990 
 991 bool Arguments::add_property(const char* prop) {
 992   const char* eq = strchr(prop, '=');
 993   char* key;
 994   // ns must be static--its address may be stored in a SystemProperty object.
 995   const static char ns[1] = {0};
 996   char* value = (char *)ns;
 997 
 998   size_t key_len = (eq == NULL) ? strlen(prop) : (eq - prop);
 999   key = AllocateHeap(key_len + 1, mtInternal);
1000   strncpy(key, prop, key_len);
1001   key[key_len] = '\0';
1002 
1003   if (eq != NULL) {
1004     size_t value_len = strlen(prop) - key_len - 1;
1005     value = AllocateHeap(value_len + 1, mtInternal);
1006     strncpy(value, &prop[key_len + 1], value_len + 1);
1007   }
1008 
1009   if (strcmp(key, "java.compiler") == 0) {
1010     process_java_compiler_argument(value);
1011     FreeHeap(key);
1012     if (eq != NULL) {
1013       FreeHeap(value);
1014     }
1015     return true;
1016   } else if (strcmp(key, "sun.java.command") == 0) {
1017     _java_command = value;
1018 
1019     // Record value in Arguments, but let it get passed to Java.
1020   } else if (strcmp(key, "sun.java.launcher.pid") == 0) {
1021     // launcher.pid property is private and is processed
1022     // in process_sun_java_launcher_properties();
1023     // the sun.java.launcher property is passed on to the java application
1024     FreeHeap(key);
1025     if (eq != NULL) {
1026       FreeHeap(value);
1027     }
1028     return true;
1029   } else if (strcmp(key, "java.vendor.url.bug") == 0) {
1030     // save it in _java_vendor_url_bug, so JVM fatal error handler can access
1031     // its value without going through the property list or making a Java call.
1032     _java_vendor_url_bug = value;
1033   } else if (strcmp(key, "sun.boot.library.path") == 0) {
1034     PropertyList_unique_add(&_system_properties, key, value, true);
1035     return true;
1036   }
1037   // Create new property and add at the end of the list
1038   PropertyList_unique_add(&_system_properties, key, value);
1039   return true;
1040 }
1041 
1042 //===========================================================================================================
1043 // Setting int/mixed/comp mode flags
1044 
1045 void Arguments::set_mode_flags(Mode mode) {
1046   // Set up default values for all flags.
1047   // If you add a flag to any of the branches below,
1048   // add a default value for it here.
1049   set_java_compiler(false);
1050   _mode                      = mode;
1051 
1052   // Ensure Agent_OnLoad has the correct initial values.
1053   // This may not be the final mode; mode may change later in onload phase.
1054   PropertyList_unique_add(&_system_properties, "java.vm.info",
1055                           (char*)VM_Version::vm_info_string(), false);
1056 
1057   UseInterpreter             = true;
1058   UseCompiler                = true;
1059   UseLoopCounter             = true;
1060 
1061 #ifndef ZERO
1062   // Turn these off for mixed and comp.  Leave them on for Zero.
1063   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseFastAccessorMethods)) {
1064     UseFastAccessorMethods = (mode == _int);
1065   }
1066   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseFastEmptyMethods)) {
1067     UseFastEmptyMethods = (mode == _int);
1068   }
1069 #endif
1070 
1071   // Default values may be platform/compiler dependent -
1072   // use the saved values
1073   ClipInlining               = Arguments::_ClipInlining;
1074   AlwaysCompileLoopMethods   = Arguments::_AlwaysCompileLoopMethods;
1075   UseOnStackReplacement      = Arguments::_UseOnStackReplacement;
1076   BackgroundCompilation      = Arguments::_BackgroundCompilation;
1077 
1078   // Change from defaults based on mode
1079   switch (mode) {
1080   default:
1081     ShouldNotReachHere();
1082     break;
1083   case _int:
1084     UseCompiler              = false;
1085     UseLoopCounter           = false;
1086     AlwaysCompileLoopMethods = false;
1087     UseOnStackReplacement    = false;
1088     break;
1089   case _mixed:
1090     // same as default
1091     break;
1092   case _comp:
1093     UseInterpreter           = false;
1094     BackgroundCompilation    = false;
1095     ClipInlining             = false;
1096     // Be much more aggressive in tiered mode with -Xcomp and exercise C2 more.
1097     // We will first compile a level 3 version (C1 with full profiling), then do one invocation of it and
1098     // compile a level 4 (C2) and then continue executing it.
1099     if (TieredCompilation) {
1100       Tier3InvokeNotifyFreqLog = 0;
1101       Tier4InvocationThreshold = 0;
1102     }
1103     break;
1104   }
1105 }
1106 
1107 #if defined(COMPILER2) || defined(_LP64) || !INCLUDE_CDS
1108 // Conflict: required to use shared spaces (-Xshare:on), but
1109 // incompatible command line options were chosen.
1110 
1111 static void no_shared_spaces() {
1112   if (RequireSharedSpaces) {
1113     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1114       "Class data sharing is inconsistent with other specified options.\n");
1115     vm_exit_during_initialization("Unable to use shared archive.", NULL);
1116   } else {
1117     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseSharedSpaces, false);
1118   }
1119 }
1120 #endif
1121 
1122 void Arguments::set_tiered_flags() {
1123   // With tiered, set default policy to AdvancedThresholdPolicy, which is 3.
1124   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(CompilationPolicyChoice)) {
1125     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(CompilationPolicyChoice, 3);
1126   }
1127   if (CompilationPolicyChoice < 2) {
1128     vm_exit_during_initialization(
1129       "Incompatible compilation policy selected", NULL);
1130   }
1131   // Increase the code cache size - tiered compiles a lot more.
1132   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ReservedCodeCacheSize)) {
1133     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ReservedCodeCacheSize, ReservedCodeCacheSize * 5);
1134   }
1135   if (!UseInterpreter) { // -Xcomp
1136     Tier3InvokeNotifyFreqLog = 0;
1137     Tier4InvocationThreshold = 0;
1138   }
1139 }
1140 
1141 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1142 static void disable_adaptive_size_policy(const char* collector_name) {
1143   if (UseAdaptiveSizePolicy) {
1144     if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(UseAdaptiveSizePolicy)) {
1145       warning("disabling UseAdaptiveSizePolicy; it is incompatible with %s.",
1146               collector_name);
1147     }
1148     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseAdaptiveSizePolicy, false);
1149   }
1150 }
1151 
1152 void Arguments::set_parnew_gc_flags() {
1153   assert(!UseSerialGC && !UseParallelOldGC && !UseParallelGC && !UseG1GC,
1154          "control point invariant");
1155   assert(UseParNewGC, "Error");
1156 
1157   // Turn off AdaptiveSizePolicy for parnew until it is complete.
1158   disable_adaptive_size_policy("UseParNewGC");
1159 
1160   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads)) {
1161     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads, Abstract_VM_Version::parallel_worker_threads());
1162     assert(ParallelGCThreads > 0, "We should always have at least one thread by default");
1163   } else if (ParallelGCThreads == 0) {
1164     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1165         "The ParNew GC can not be combined with -XX:ParallelGCThreads=0\n");
1166     vm_exit(1);
1167   }
1168 
1169   // By default YoungPLABSize and OldPLABSize are set to 4096 and 1024 respectively,
1170   // these settings are default for Parallel Scavenger. For ParNew+Tenured configuration
1171   // we set them to 1024 and 1024.
1172   // See CR 6362902.
1173   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(YoungPLABSize)) {
1174     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(YoungPLABSize, (intx)1024);
1175   }
1176   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(OldPLABSize)) {
1177     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(OldPLABSize, (intx)1024);
1178   }
1179 
1180   // AlwaysTenure flag should make ParNew promote all at first collection.
1181   // See CR 6362902.
1182   if (AlwaysTenure) {
1183     FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxTenuringThreshold, 0);
1184   }
1185   // When using compressed oops, we use local overflow stacks,
1186   // rather than using a global overflow list chained through
1187   // the klass word of the object's pre-image.
1188   if (UseCompressedOops && !ParGCUseLocalOverflow) {
1189     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ParGCUseLocalOverflow)) {
1190       warning("Forcing +ParGCUseLocalOverflow: needed if using compressed references");
1191     }
1192     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ParGCUseLocalOverflow, true);
1193   }
1194   assert(ParGCUseLocalOverflow || !UseCompressedOops, "Error");
1195 }
1196 
1197 // Adjust some sizes to suit CMS and/or ParNew needs; these work well on
1198 // sparc/solaris for certain applications, but would gain from
1199 // further optimization and tuning efforts, and would almost
1200 // certainly gain from analysis of platform and environment.
1201 void Arguments::set_cms_and_parnew_gc_flags() {
1202   assert(!UseSerialGC && !UseParallelOldGC && !UseParallelGC, "Error");
1203   assert(UseConcMarkSweepGC, "CMS is expected to be on here");
1204 
1205   // If we are using CMS, we prefer to UseParNewGC,
1206   // unless explicitly forbidden.
1207   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseParNewGC)) {
1208     FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, UseParNewGC, true);
1209   }
1210 
1211   // Turn off AdaptiveSizePolicy by default for cms until it is complete.
1212   disable_adaptive_size_policy("UseConcMarkSweepGC");
1213 
1214   // In either case, adjust ParallelGCThreads and/or UseParNewGC
1215   // as needed.
1216   if (UseParNewGC) {
1217     set_parnew_gc_flags();
1218   }
1219 
1220   size_t max_heap = align_size_down(MaxHeapSize,
1221                                     CardTableRS::ct_max_alignment_constraint());
1222 
1223   // Now make adjustments for CMS
1224   intx   tenuring_default = (intx)6;
1225   size_t young_gen_per_worker = CMSYoungGenPerWorker;
1226 
1227   // Preferred young gen size for "short" pauses:
1228   // upper bound depends on # of threads and NewRatio.
1229   const uintx parallel_gc_threads =
1230     (ParallelGCThreads == 0 ? 1 : ParallelGCThreads);
1231   const size_t preferred_max_new_size_unaligned =
1232     MIN2(max_heap/(NewRatio+1), ScaleForWordSize(young_gen_per_worker * parallel_gc_threads));
1233   size_t preferred_max_new_size =
1234     align_size_up(preferred_max_new_size_unaligned, os::vm_page_size());
1235 
1236   // Unless explicitly requested otherwise, size young gen
1237   // for "short" pauses ~ CMSYoungGenPerWorker*ParallelGCThreads
1238 
1239   // If either MaxNewSize or NewRatio is set on the command line,
1240   // assume the user is trying to set the size of the young gen.
1241   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxNewSize) && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NewRatio)) {
1242 
1243     // Set MaxNewSize to our calculated preferred_max_new_size unless
1244     // NewSize was set on the command line and it is larger than
1245     // preferred_max_new_size.
1246     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NewSize)) {   // NewSize explicitly set at command-line
1247       FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, MaxNewSize, MAX2(NewSize, preferred_max_new_size));
1248     } else {
1249       FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, MaxNewSize, preferred_max_new_size);
1250     }
1251     if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1252       // Too early to use gclog_or_tty
1253       tty->print_cr("CMS ergo set MaxNewSize: " SIZE_FORMAT, MaxNewSize);
1254     }
1255 
1256     // Code along this path potentially sets NewSize and OldSize
1257     if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1258       // Too early to use gclog_or_tty
1259       tty->print_cr("CMS set min_heap_size: " SIZE_FORMAT
1260            " initial_heap_size:  " SIZE_FORMAT
1261            " max_heap: " SIZE_FORMAT,
1262            min_heap_size(), InitialHeapSize, max_heap);
1263     }
1264     size_t min_new = preferred_max_new_size;
1265     if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(NewSize)) {
1266       min_new = NewSize;
1267     }
1268     if (max_heap > min_new && min_heap_size() > min_new) {
1269       // Unless explicitly requested otherwise, make young gen
1270       // at least min_new, and at most preferred_max_new_size.
1271       if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NewSize)) {
1272         FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, NewSize, MAX2(NewSize, min_new));
1273         FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, NewSize, MIN2(preferred_max_new_size, NewSize));
1274         if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1275           // Too early to use gclog_or_tty
1276           tty->print_cr("CMS ergo set NewSize: " SIZE_FORMAT, NewSize);
1277         }
1278       }
1279       // Unless explicitly requested otherwise, size old gen
1280       // so it's NewRatio x of NewSize.
1281       if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(OldSize)) {
1282         if (max_heap > NewSize) {
1283           FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, OldSize, MIN2(NewRatio*NewSize, max_heap - NewSize));
1284           if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1285             // Too early to use gclog_or_tty
1286             tty->print_cr("CMS ergo set OldSize: " SIZE_FORMAT, OldSize);
1287           }
1288         }
1289       }
1290     }
1291   }
1292   // Unless explicitly requested otherwise, definitely
1293   // promote all objects surviving "tenuring_default" scavenges.
1294   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxTenuringThreshold) &&
1295       FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(SurvivorRatio)) {
1296     FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, MaxTenuringThreshold, tenuring_default);
1297   }
1298   // If we decided above (or user explicitly requested)
1299   // `promote all' (via MaxTenuringThreshold := 0),
1300   // prefer minuscule survivor spaces so as not to waste
1301   // space for (non-existent) survivors
1302   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(SurvivorRatio) && MaxTenuringThreshold == 0) {
1303     FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, SurvivorRatio, MAX2((uintx)1024, SurvivorRatio));
1304   }
1305   // If OldPLABSize is set and CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim is not,
1306   // set CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim equal to OldPLABSize.
1307   // This is done in order to make ParNew+CMS configuration to work
1308   // with YoungPLABSize and OldPLABSize options.
1309   // See CR 6362902.
1310   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(OldPLABSize)) {
1311     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim)) {
1312       // OldPLABSize is not the default value but CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim
1313       // is.  In this situtation let CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim follow
1314       // the value (either from the command line or ergonomics) of
1315       // OldPLABSize.  Following OldPLABSize is an ergonomics decision.
1316       FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim, OldPLABSize);
1317     } else {
1318       // OldPLABSize and CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim are both set.
1319       // CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim is a collector-specific flag, so
1320       // we'll let it to take precedence.
1321       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1322                   "Both OldPLABSize and CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim"
1323                   " options are specified for the CMS collector."
1324                   " CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim will take precedence.\n");
1325     }
1326   }
1327   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ResizeOldPLAB) && !ResizeOldPLAB) {
1328     // OldPLAB sizing manually turned off: Use a larger default setting,
1329     // unless it was manually specified. This is because a too-low value
1330     // will slow down scavenges.
1331     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim)) {
1332       FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim, 50); // default value before 6631166
1333     }
1334   }
1335   // Overwrite OldPLABSize which is the variable we will internally use everywhere.
1336   FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, OldPLABSize, CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim);
1337   // If either of the static initialization defaults have changed, note this
1338   // modification.
1339   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim) || !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(OldPLABWeight)) {
1340     CFLS_LAB::modify_initialization(OldPLABSize, OldPLABWeight);
1341   }
1342   if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1343     tty->print_cr("MarkStackSize: %uk  MarkStackSizeMax: %uk",
1344       (unsigned int) (MarkStackSize / K), (uint) (MarkStackSizeMax / K));
1345     tty->print_cr("ConcGCThreads: %u", (uint) ConcGCThreads);
1346   }
1347 }
1348 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1349 
1350 void set_object_alignment() {
1351   // Object alignment.
1352   assert(is_power_of_2(ObjectAlignmentInBytes), "ObjectAlignmentInBytes must be power of 2");
1353   MinObjAlignmentInBytes     = ObjectAlignmentInBytes;
1354   assert(MinObjAlignmentInBytes >= HeapWordsPerLong * HeapWordSize, "ObjectAlignmentInBytes value is too small");
1355   MinObjAlignment            = MinObjAlignmentInBytes / HeapWordSize;
1356   assert(MinObjAlignmentInBytes == MinObjAlignment * HeapWordSize, "ObjectAlignmentInBytes value is incorrect");
1357   MinObjAlignmentInBytesMask = MinObjAlignmentInBytes - 1;
1358 
1359   LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes  = exact_log2(ObjectAlignmentInBytes);
1360   LogMinObjAlignment         = LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes - LogHeapWordSize;
1361 
1362   // Oop encoding heap max
1363   OopEncodingHeapMax = (uint64_t(max_juint) + 1) << LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes;
1364 
1365 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1366   // Set CMS global values
1367   CompactibleFreeListSpace::set_cms_values();
1368 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1369 }
1370 
1371 bool verify_object_alignment() {
1372   // Object alignment.
1373   if (!is_power_of_2(ObjectAlignmentInBytes)) {
1374     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1375                 "error: ObjectAlignmentInBytes=%d must be power of 2\n",
1376                 (int)ObjectAlignmentInBytes);
1377     return false;
1378   }
1379   if ((int)ObjectAlignmentInBytes < BytesPerLong) {
1380     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1381                 "error: ObjectAlignmentInBytes=%d must be greater or equal %d\n",
1382                 (int)ObjectAlignmentInBytes, BytesPerLong);
1383     return false;
1384   }
1385   // It does not make sense to have big object alignment
1386   // since a space lost due to alignment will be greater
1387   // then a saved space from compressed oops.
1388   if ((int)ObjectAlignmentInBytes > 256) {
1389     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1390                 "error: ObjectAlignmentInBytes=%d must not be greater than 256\n",
1391                 (int)ObjectAlignmentInBytes);
1392     return false;
1393   }
1394   // In case page size is very small.
1395   if ((int)ObjectAlignmentInBytes >= os::vm_page_size()) {
1396     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1397                 "error: ObjectAlignmentInBytes=%d must be less than page size %d\n",
1398                 (int)ObjectAlignmentInBytes, os::vm_page_size());
1399     return false;
1400   }
1401   return true;
1402 }
1403 
1404 uintx Arguments::max_heap_for_compressed_oops() {
1405   // Avoid sign flip.
1406   assert(OopEncodingHeapMax > (uint64_t)os::vm_page_size(), "Unusual page size");
1407   // We need to fit both the NULL page and the heap into the memory budget, while
1408   // keeping alignment constraints of the heap. To guarantee the latter, as the
1409   // NULL page is located before the heap, we pad the NULL page to the conservative
1410   // maximum alignment that the GC may ever impose upon the heap.
1411   size_t displacement_due_to_null_page = align_size_up_(os::vm_page_size(),
1412                                                         _conservative_max_heap_alignment);
1413 
1414   LP64_ONLY(return OopEncodingHeapMax - displacement_due_to_null_page);
1415   NOT_LP64(ShouldNotReachHere(); return 0);
1416 }
1417 
1418 bool Arguments::should_auto_select_low_pause_collector() {
1419   if (UseAutoGCSelectPolicy &&
1420       !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxGCPauseMillis) &&
1421       (MaxGCPauseMillis <= AutoGCSelectPauseMillis)) {
1422     if (PrintGCDetails) {
1423       // Cannot use gclog_or_tty yet.
1424       tty->print_cr("Automatic selection of the low pause collector"
1425        " based on pause goal of %d (ms)", (int) MaxGCPauseMillis);
1426     }
1427     return true;
1428   }
1429   return false;
1430 }
1431 
1432 void Arguments::set_use_compressed_oops() {
1433 #ifndef ZERO
1434 #ifdef _LP64
1435   // MaxHeapSize is not set up properly at this point, but
1436   // the only value that can override MaxHeapSize if we are
1437   // to use UseCompressedOops is InitialHeapSize.
1438   size_t max_heap_size = MAX2(MaxHeapSize, InitialHeapSize);
1439 
1440   if (max_heap_size <= max_heap_for_compressed_oops()) {
1441 #if !defined(COMPILER1) || defined(TIERED)
1442     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseCompressedOops)) {
1443       FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, UseCompressedOops, true);
1444     }
1445 #endif
1446 #ifdef _WIN64
1447     if (UseLargePages && UseCompressedOops) {
1448       // Cannot allocate guard pages for implicit checks in indexed addressing
1449       // mode, when large pages are specified on windows.
1450       // This flag could be switched ON if narrow oop base address is set to 0,
1451       // see code in Universe::initialize_heap().
1452       Universe::set_narrow_oop_use_implicit_null_checks(false);
1453     }
1454 #endif //  _WIN64
1455   } else {
1456     if (UseCompressedOops && !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseCompressedOops)) {
1457       warning("Max heap size too large for Compressed Oops");
1458       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedOops, false);
1459       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedClassPointers, false);
1460     }
1461   }
1462 #endif // _LP64
1463 #endif // ZERO
1464 }
1465 
1466 
1467 // NOTE: set_use_compressed_klass_ptrs() must be called after calling
1468 // set_use_compressed_oops().
1469 void Arguments::set_use_compressed_klass_ptrs() {
1470 #ifndef ZERO
1471 #ifdef _LP64
1472   // UseCompressedOops must be on for UseCompressedClassPointers to be on.
1473   if (!UseCompressedOops) {
1474     if (UseCompressedClassPointers) {
1475       warning("UseCompressedClassPointers requires UseCompressedOops");
1476     }
1477     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedClassPointers, false);
1478   } else {
1479     // Turn on UseCompressedClassPointers too
1480     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseCompressedClassPointers)) {
1481       FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, UseCompressedClassPointers, true);
1482     }
1483     // Check the CompressedClassSpaceSize to make sure we use compressed klass ptrs.
1484     if (UseCompressedClassPointers) {
1485       if (CompressedClassSpaceSize > KlassEncodingMetaspaceMax) {
1486         warning("CompressedClassSpaceSize is too large for UseCompressedClassPointers");
1487         FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedClassPointers, false);
1488       }
1489     }
1490   }
1491 #endif // _LP64
1492 #endif // !ZERO
1493 }
1494 
1495 void Arguments::set_conservative_max_heap_alignment() {
1496   // The conservative maximum required alignment for the heap is the maximum of
1497   // the alignments imposed by several sources: any requirements from the heap
1498   // itself, the collector policy and the maximum page size we may run the VM
1499   // with.
1500   size_t heap_alignment = GenCollectedHeap::conservative_max_heap_alignment();
1501 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1502   if (UseParallelGC) {
1503     heap_alignment = ParallelScavengeHeap::conservative_max_heap_alignment();
1504   } else if (UseG1GC) {
1505     heap_alignment = G1CollectedHeap::conservative_max_heap_alignment();
1506   }
1507 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1508   _conservative_max_heap_alignment = MAX3(heap_alignment, os::max_page_size(),
1509     CollectorPolicy::compute_heap_alignment());
1510 }
1511 
1512 void Arguments::set_ergonomics_flags() {
1513 
1514   if (os::is_server_class_machine()) {
1515     // If no other collector is requested explicitly,
1516     // let the VM select the collector based on
1517     // machine class and automatic selection policy.
1518     if (!UseSerialGC &&
1519         !UseConcMarkSweepGC &&
1520         !UseG1GC &&
1521         !UseParNewGC &&
1522         FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseParallelGC)) {
1523       if (should_auto_select_low_pause_collector()) {
1524         FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, UseConcMarkSweepGC, true);
1525       } else {
1526         FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, UseParallelGC, true);
1527       }
1528     }
1529   }
1530 #ifdef COMPILER2
1531   // Shared spaces work fine with other GCs but causes bytecode rewriting
1532   // to be disabled, which hurts interpreter performance and decreases
1533   // server performance.  When -server is specified, keep the default off
1534   // unless it is asked for.  Future work: either add bytecode rewriting
1535   // at link time, or rewrite bytecodes in non-shared methods.
1536   if (!DumpSharedSpaces && !RequireSharedSpaces &&
1537       (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseSharedSpaces) || !UseSharedSpaces)) {
1538     no_shared_spaces();
1539   }
1540 #endif
1541 
1542   set_conservative_max_heap_alignment();
1543 
1544 #ifndef ZERO
1545 #ifdef _LP64
1546   set_use_compressed_oops();
1547 
1548   // set_use_compressed_klass_ptrs() must be called after calling
1549   // set_use_compressed_oops().
1550   set_use_compressed_klass_ptrs();
1551 
1552   // Also checks that certain machines are slower with compressed oops
1553   // in vm_version initialization code.
1554 #endif // _LP64
1555 #endif // !ZERO
1556 }
1557 
1558 void Arguments::set_parallel_gc_flags() {
1559   assert(UseParallelGC || UseParallelOldGC, "Error");
1560   // Enable ParallelOld unless it was explicitly disabled (cmd line or rc file).
1561   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseParallelOldGC)) {
1562     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseParallelOldGC, true);
1563   }
1564   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseParallelGC, true);
1565 
1566   // If no heap maximum was requested explicitly, use some reasonable fraction
1567   // of the physical memory, up to a maximum of 1GB.
1568   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads,
1569                    Abstract_VM_Version::parallel_worker_threads());
1570   if (ParallelGCThreads == 0) {
1571     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1572         "The Parallel GC can not be combined with -XX:ParallelGCThreads=0\n");
1573     vm_exit(1);
1574   }
1575 
1576   if (UseAdaptiveSizePolicy) {
1577     // We don't want to limit adaptive heap sizing's freedom to adjust the heap
1578     // unless the user actually sets these flags.
1579     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MinHeapFreeRatio)) {
1580       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MinHeapFreeRatio, 0);
1581     }
1582     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxHeapFreeRatio)) {
1583       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MaxHeapFreeRatio, 100);
1584     }
1585   }
1586 
1587   // If InitialSurvivorRatio or MinSurvivorRatio were not specified, but the
1588   // SurvivorRatio has been set, reset their default values to SurvivorRatio +
1589   // 2.  By doing this we make SurvivorRatio also work for Parallel Scavenger.
1590   // See CR 6362902 for details.
1591   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(SurvivorRatio)) {
1592     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(InitialSurvivorRatio)) {
1593        FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(InitialSurvivorRatio, SurvivorRatio + 2);
1594     }
1595     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MinSurvivorRatio)) {
1596       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MinSurvivorRatio, SurvivorRatio + 2);
1597     }
1598   }
1599 
1600   if (UseParallelOldGC) {
1601     // Par compact uses lower default values since they are treated as
1602     // minimums.  These are different defaults because of the different
1603     // interpretation and are not ergonomically set.
1604     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MarkSweepDeadRatio)) {
1605       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MarkSweepDeadRatio, 1);
1606     }
1607   }
1608 }
1609 
1610 void Arguments::set_g1_gc_flags() {
1611   assert(UseG1GC, "Error");
1612 #ifdef COMPILER1
1613   FastTLABRefill = false;
1614 #endif
1615   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads,
1616                      Abstract_VM_Version::parallel_worker_threads());
1617   if (ParallelGCThreads == 0) {
1618     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads,
1619                      Abstract_VM_Version::parallel_worker_threads());
1620   }
1621 
1622   // MarkStackSize will be set (if it hasn't been set by the user)
1623   // when concurrent marking is initialized.
1624   // Its value will be based upon the number of parallel marking threads.
1625   // But we do set the maximum mark stack size here.
1626   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MarkStackSizeMax)) {
1627     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MarkStackSizeMax, 128 * TASKQUEUE_SIZE);
1628   }
1629 
1630   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(GCTimeRatio) || GCTimeRatio == 0) {
1631     // In G1, we want the default GC overhead goal to be higher than
1632     // say in PS. So we set it here to 10%. Otherwise the heap might
1633     // be expanded more aggressively than we would like it to. In
1634     // fact, even 10% seems to not be high enough in some cases
1635     // (especially small GC stress tests that the main thing they do
1636     // is allocation). We might consider increase it further.
1637     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(GCTimeRatio, 9);
1638   }
1639 
1640   if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1641     tty->print_cr("MarkStackSize: %uk  MarkStackSizeMax: %uk",
1642       (unsigned int) (MarkStackSize / K), (uint) (MarkStackSizeMax / K));
1643     tty->print_cr("ConcGCThreads: %u", (uint) ConcGCThreads);
1644   }
1645 }
1646 
1647 julong Arguments::limit_by_allocatable_memory(julong limit) {
1648   julong max_allocatable;
1649   julong result = limit;
1650   if (os::has_allocatable_memory_limit(&max_allocatable)) {
1651     result = MIN2(result, max_allocatable / MaxVirtMemFraction);
1652   }
1653   return result;
1654 }
1655 
1656 void Arguments::set_heap_size() {
1657   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(DefaultMaxRAMFraction)) {
1658     // Deprecated flag
1659     FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxRAMFraction, DefaultMaxRAMFraction);
1660   }
1661 
1662   const julong phys_mem =
1663     FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxRAM) ? MIN2(os::physical_memory(), (julong)MaxRAM)
1664                             : (julong)MaxRAM;
1665 
1666   // If the maximum heap size has not been set with -Xmx,
1667   // then set it as fraction of the size of physical memory,
1668   // respecting the maximum and minimum sizes of the heap.
1669   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxHeapSize)) {
1670     julong reasonable_max = phys_mem / MaxRAMFraction;
1671 
1672     if (phys_mem <= MaxHeapSize * MinRAMFraction) {
1673       // Small physical memory, so use a minimum fraction of it for the heap
1674       reasonable_max = phys_mem / MinRAMFraction;
1675     } else {
1676       // Not-small physical memory, so require a heap at least
1677       // as large as MaxHeapSize
1678       reasonable_max = MAX2(reasonable_max, (julong)MaxHeapSize);
1679     }
1680     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ErgoHeapSizeLimit) && ErgoHeapSizeLimit != 0) {
1681       // Limit the heap size to ErgoHeapSizeLimit
1682       reasonable_max = MIN2(reasonable_max, (julong)ErgoHeapSizeLimit);
1683     }
1684     if (UseCompressedOops) {
1685       // Limit the heap size to the maximum possible when using compressed oops
1686       julong max_coop_heap = (julong)max_heap_for_compressed_oops();
1687       if (HeapBaseMinAddress + MaxHeapSize < max_coop_heap) {
1688         // Heap should be above HeapBaseMinAddress to get zero based compressed oops
1689         // but it should be not less than default MaxHeapSize.
1690         max_coop_heap -= HeapBaseMinAddress;
1691       }
1692       reasonable_max = MIN2(reasonable_max, max_coop_heap);
1693     }
1694     reasonable_max = limit_by_allocatable_memory(reasonable_max);
1695 
1696     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(InitialHeapSize)) {
1697       // An initial heap size was specified on the command line,
1698       // so be sure that the maximum size is consistent.  Done
1699       // after call to limit_by_allocatable_memory because that
1700       // method might reduce the allocation size.
1701       reasonable_max = MAX2(reasonable_max, (julong)InitialHeapSize);
1702     }
1703 
1704     if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1705       // Cannot use gclog_or_tty yet.
1706       tty->print_cr("  Maximum heap size " SIZE_FORMAT, (size_t) reasonable_max);
1707     }
1708     FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, MaxHeapSize, (uintx)reasonable_max);
1709   }
1710 
1711   // If the minimum or initial heap_size have not been set or requested to be set
1712   // ergonomically, set them accordingly.
1713   if (InitialHeapSize == 0 || min_heap_size() == 0) {
1714     julong reasonable_minimum = (julong)(OldSize + NewSize);
1715 
1716     reasonable_minimum = MIN2(reasonable_minimum, (julong)MaxHeapSize);
1717 
1718     reasonable_minimum = limit_by_allocatable_memory(reasonable_minimum);
1719 
1720     if (InitialHeapSize == 0) {
1721       julong reasonable_initial = phys_mem / InitialRAMFraction;
1722 
1723       reasonable_initial = MAX3(reasonable_initial, reasonable_minimum, (julong)min_heap_size());
1724       reasonable_initial = MIN2(reasonable_initial, (julong)MaxHeapSize);
1725 
1726       reasonable_initial = limit_by_allocatable_memory(reasonable_initial);
1727 
1728       if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1729         // Cannot use gclog_or_tty yet.
1730         tty->print_cr("  Initial heap size " SIZE_FORMAT, (uintx)reasonable_initial);
1731       }
1732       FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, InitialHeapSize, (uintx)reasonable_initial);
1733     }
1734     // If the minimum heap size has not been set (via -Xms),
1735     // synchronize with InitialHeapSize to avoid errors with the default value.
1736     if (min_heap_size() == 0) {
1737       set_min_heap_size(MIN2((uintx)reasonable_minimum, InitialHeapSize));
1738       if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1739         // Cannot use gclog_or_tty yet.
1740         tty->print_cr("  Minimum heap size " SIZE_FORMAT, min_heap_size());
1741       }
1742     }
1743   }
1744 }
1745 
1746 // This must be called after ergonomics because we want bytecode rewriting
1747 // if the server compiler is used, or if UseSharedSpaces is disabled.
1748 void Arguments::set_bytecode_flags() {
1749   // Better not attempt to store into a read-only space.
1750   if (UseSharedSpaces) {
1751     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(RewriteBytecodes, false);
1752     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(RewriteFrequentPairs, false);
1753   }
1754 
1755   if (!RewriteBytecodes) {
1756     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(RewriteFrequentPairs, false);
1757   }
1758 }
1759 
1760 // Aggressive optimization flags  -XX:+AggressiveOpts
1761 void Arguments::set_aggressive_opts_flags() {
1762 #ifdef COMPILER2
1763   if (AggressiveUnboxing) {
1764     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(EliminateAutoBox)) {
1765       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(EliminateAutoBox, true);
1766     } else if (!EliminateAutoBox) {
1767       // warning("AggressiveUnboxing is disabled because EliminateAutoBox is disabled");
1768       AggressiveUnboxing = false;
1769     }
1770     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(DoEscapeAnalysis)) {
1771       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(DoEscapeAnalysis, true);
1772     } else if (!DoEscapeAnalysis) {
1773       // warning("AggressiveUnboxing is disabled because DoEscapeAnalysis is disabled");
1774       AggressiveUnboxing = false;
1775     }
1776   }
1777   if (AggressiveOpts || !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(AutoBoxCacheMax)) {
1778     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(EliminateAutoBox)) {
1779       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(EliminateAutoBox, true);
1780     }
1781     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(AutoBoxCacheMax)) {
1782       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(AutoBoxCacheMax, 20000);
1783     }
1784 
1785     // Feed the cache size setting into the JDK
1786     char buffer[1024];
1787     sprintf(buffer, "java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high=" INTX_FORMAT, AutoBoxCacheMax);
1788     add_property(buffer);
1789   }
1790   if (AggressiveOpts && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(BiasedLockingStartupDelay)) {
1791     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(BiasedLockingStartupDelay, 500);
1792   }
1793 #endif
1794 
1795   if (AggressiveOpts) {
1796 // Sample flag setting code
1797 //    if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(EliminateZeroing)) {
1798 //      FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(EliminateZeroing, true);
1799 //    }
1800   }
1801 }
1802 
1803 //===========================================================================================================
1804 // Parsing of java.compiler property
1805 
1806 void Arguments::process_java_compiler_argument(char* arg) {
1807   // For backwards compatibility, Djava.compiler=NONE or ""
1808   // causes us to switch to -Xint mode UNLESS -Xdebug
1809   // is also specified.
1810   if (strlen(arg) == 0 || strcasecmp(arg, "NONE") == 0) {
1811     set_java_compiler(true);    // "-Djava.compiler[=...]" most recently seen.
1812   }
1813 }
1814 
1815 void Arguments::process_java_launcher_argument(const char* launcher, void* extra_info) {
1816   _sun_java_launcher = strdup(launcher);
1817   if (strcmp("gamma", _sun_java_launcher) == 0) {
1818     _created_by_gamma_launcher = true;
1819   }
1820 }
1821 
1822 bool Arguments::created_by_java_launcher() {
1823   assert(_sun_java_launcher != NULL, "property must have value");
1824   return strcmp(DEFAULT_JAVA_LAUNCHER, _sun_java_launcher) != 0;
1825 }
1826 
1827 bool Arguments::created_by_gamma_launcher() {
1828   return _created_by_gamma_launcher;
1829 }
1830 
1831 //===========================================================================================================
1832 // Parsing of main arguments
1833 
1834 bool Arguments::verify_interval(uintx val, uintx min,
1835                                 uintx max, const char* name) {
1836   // Returns true iff value is in the inclusive interval [min..max]
1837   // false, otherwise.
1838   if (val >= min && val <= max) {
1839     return true;
1840   }
1841   jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1842               "%s of " UINTX_FORMAT " is invalid; must be between " UINTX_FORMAT
1843               " and " UINTX_FORMAT "\n",
1844               name, val, min, max);
1845   return false;
1846 }
1847 
1848 bool Arguments::verify_min_value(intx val, intx min, const char* name) {
1849   // Returns true if given value is at least specified min threshold
1850   // false, otherwise.
1851   if (val >= min ) {
1852       return true;
1853   }
1854   jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1855               "%s of " INTX_FORMAT " is invalid; must be at least " INTX_FORMAT "\n",
1856               name, val, min);
1857   return false;
1858 }
1859 
1860 bool Arguments::verify_percentage(uintx value, const char* name) {
1861   if (is_percentage(value)) {
1862     return true;
1863   }
1864   jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1865               "%s of " UINTX_FORMAT " is invalid; must be between 0 and 100\n",
1866               name, value);
1867   return false;
1868 }
1869 
1870 #if !INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1871 #ifdef ASSERT
1872 static bool verify_serial_gc_flags() {
1873   return (UseSerialGC &&
1874         !(UseParNewGC || (UseConcMarkSweepGC || CMSIncrementalMode) || UseG1GC ||
1875           UseParallelGC || UseParallelOldGC));
1876 }
1877 #endif // ASSERT
1878 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1879 
1880 // check if do gclog rotation
1881 // +UseGCLogFileRotation is a must,
1882 // no gc log rotation when log file not supplied or
1883 // NumberOfGCLogFiles is 0
1884 void check_gclog_consistency() {
1885   if (UseGCLogFileRotation) {
1886     if ((Arguments::gc_log_filename() == NULL) || (NumberOfGCLogFiles == 0)) {
1887       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
1888                   "To enable GC log rotation, use -Xloggc:<filename> -XX:+UseGCLogFileRotation -XX:NumberOfGCLogFiles=<num_of_files>\n"
1889                   "where num_of_file > 0\n"
1890                   "GC log rotation is turned off\n");
1891       UseGCLogFileRotation = false;
1892     }
1893   }
1894 
1895   if (UseGCLogFileRotation && (GCLogFileSize != 0) && (GCLogFileSize < 8*K)) {
1896     FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, GCLogFileSize, 8*K);
1897     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
1898                 "GCLogFileSize changed to minimum 8K\n");
1899   }
1900 }
1901 
1902 // This function is called for -Xloggc:<filename>, it can be used
1903 // to check if a given file name(or string) conforms to the following
1904 // specification:
1905 // A valid string only contains "[A-Z][a-z][0-9].-_%[p|t]"
1906 // %p and %t only allowed once. We only limit usage of filename not path
1907 bool is_filename_valid(const char *file_name) {
1908   const char* p = file_name;
1909   char file_sep = os::file_separator()[0];
1910   const char* cp;
1911   // skip prefix path
1912   for (cp = file_name; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
1913     if (*cp == '/' || *cp == file_sep) {
1914       p = cp + 1;
1915     }
1916   }
1917 
1918   int count_p = 0;
1919   int count_t = 0;
1920   while (*p != '\0') {
1921     if ((*p >= '0' && *p <= '9') ||
1922         (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z') ||
1923         (*p >= 'a' && *p <= 'z') ||
1924          *p == '-'               ||
1925          *p == '_'               ||
1926          *p == '.') {
1927        p++;
1928        continue;
1929     }
1930     if (*p == '%') {
1931       if(*(p + 1) == 'p') {
1932         p += 2;
1933         count_p ++;
1934         continue;
1935       }
1936       if (*(p + 1) == 't') {
1937         p += 2;
1938         count_t ++;
1939         continue;
1940       }
1941     }
1942     return false;
1943   }
1944   return count_p < 2 && count_t < 2;
1945 }
1946 
1947 bool Arguments::verify_MinHeapFreeRatio(FormatBuffer<80>& err_msg, uintx min_heap_free_ratio) {
1948   if (!is_percentage(min_heap_free_ratio)) {
1949     err_msg.print("MinHeapFreeRatio must have a value between 0 and 100");
1950     return false;
1951   }
1952   if (min_heap_free_ratio > MaxHeapFreeRatio) {
1953     err_msg.print("MinHeapFreeRatio (" UINTX_FORMAT ") must be less than or "
1954                   "equal to MaxHeapFreeRatio (" UINTX_FORMAT ")", min_heap_free_ratio,
1955                   MaxHeapFreeRatio);
1956     return false;
1957   }
1958   return true;
1959 }
1960 
1961 bool Arguments::verify_MaxHeapFreeRatio(FormatBuffer<80>& err_msg, uintx max_heap_free_ratio) {
1962   if (!is_percentage(max_heap_free_ratio)) {
1963     err_msg.print("MaxHeapFreeRatio must have a value between 0 and 100");
1964     return false;
1965   }
1966   if (max_heap_free_ratio < MinHeapFreeRatio) {
1967     err_msg.print("MaxHeapFreeRatio (" UINTX_FORMAT ") must be greater than or "
1968                   "equal to MinHeapFreeRatio (" UINTX_FORMAT ")", max_heap_free_ratio,
1969                   MinHeapFreeRatio);
1970     return false;
1971   }
1972   return true;
1973 }
1974 
1975 // Check consistency of GC selection
1976 bool Arguments::check_gc_consistency() {
1977   check_gclog_consistency();
1978   bool status = true;
1979   // Ensure that the user has not selected conflicting sets
1980   // of collectors. [Note: this check is merely a user convenience;
1981   // collectors over-ride each other so that only a non-conflicting
1982   // set is selected; however what the user gets is not what they
1983   // may have expected from the combination they asked for. It's
1984   // better to reduce user confusion by not allowing them to
1985   // select conflicting combinations.
1986   uint i = 0;
1987   if (UseSerialGC)                       i++;
1988   if (UseConcMarkSweepGC || UseParNewGC) i++;
1989   if (UseParallelGC || UseParallelOldGC) i++;
1990   if (UseG1GC)                           i++;
1991   if (i > 1) {
1992     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1993                 "Conflicting collector combinations in option list; "
1994                 "please refer to the release notes for the combinations "
1995                 "allowed\n");
1996     status = false;
1997   }
1998   return status;
1999 }
2000 
2001 void Arguments::check_deprecated_gcs() {
2002   if (UseConcMarkSweepGC && !UseParNewGC) {
2003     warning("Using the DefNew young collector with the CMS collector is deprecated "
2004         "and will likely be removed in a future release");
2005   }
2006 
2007   if (UseParNewGC && !UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
2008     // !UseConcMarkSweepGC means that we are using serial old gc. Unfortunately we don't
2009     // set up UseSerialGC properly, so that can't be used in the check here.
2010     warning("Using the ParNew young collector with the Serial old collector is deprecated "
2011         "and will likely be removed in a future release");
2012   }
2013 
2014   if (CMSIncrementalMode) {
2015     warning("Using incremental CMS is deprecated and will likely be removed in a future release");
2016   }
2017 }
2018 
2019 void Arguments::check_deprecated_gc_flags() {
2020   if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(MaxGCMinorPauseMillis)) {
2021     warning("Using MaxGCMinorPauseMillis as minor pause goal is deprecated"
2022             "and will likely be removed in future release");
2023   }
2024   if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(DefaultMaxRAMFraction)) {
2025     warning("DefaultMaxRAMFraction is deprecated and will likely be removed in a future release. "
2026         "Use MaxRAMFraction instead.");
2027   }
2028   if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(UseCMSCompactAtFullCollection)) {
2029     warning("UseCMSCompactAtFullCollection is deprecated and will likely be removed in a future release.");
2030   }
2031   if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(CMSFullGCsBeforeCompaction)) {
2032     warning("CMSFullGCsBeforeCompaction is deprecated and will likely be removed in a future release.");
2033   }
2034   if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(UseCMSCollectionPassing)) {
2035     warning("UseCMSCollectionPassing is deprecated and will likely be removed in a future release.");
2036   }
2037 }
2038 
2039 // Check stack pages settings
2040 bool Arguments::check_stack_pages()
2041 {
2042   bool status = true;
2043   status = status && verify_min_value(StackYellowPages, 1, "StackYellowPages");
2044   status = status && verify_min_value(StackRedPages, 1, "StackRedPages");
2045   // greater stack shadow pages can't generate instruction to bang stack
2046   status = status && verify_interval(StackShadowPages, 1, 50, "StackShadowPages");
2047   return status;
2048 }
2049 
2050 // Check the consistency of vm_init_args
2051 bool Arguments::check_vm_args_consistency() {
2052   // Method for adding checks for flag consistency.
2053   // The intent is to warn the user of all possible conflicts,
2054   // before returning an error.
2055   // Note: Needs platform-dependent factoring.
2056   bool status = true;
2057 
2058   // Allow both -XX:-UseStackBanging and -XX:-UseBoundThreads in non-product
2059   // builds so the cost of stack banging can be measured.
2060 #if (defined(PRODUCT) && defined(SOLARIS))
2061   if (!UseBoundThreads && !UseStackBanging) {
2062     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2063                 "-UseStackBanging conflicts with -UseBoundThreads\n");
2064 
2065      status = false;
2066   }
2067 #endif
2068 
2069   if (TLABRefillWasteFraction == 0) {
2070     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2071                 "TLABRefillWasteFraction should be a denominator, "
2072                 "not " SIZE_FORMAT "\n",
2073                 TLABRefillWasteFraction);
2074     status = false;
2075   }
2076 
2077   status = status && verify_interval(AdaptiveSizePolicyWeight, 0, 100,
2078                               "AdaptiveSizePolicyWeight");
2079   status = status && verify_percentage(ThresholdTolerance, "ThresholdTolerance");
2080 
2081   // Divide by bucket size to prevent a large size from causing rollover when
2082   // calculating amount of memory needed to be allocated for the String table.
2083   status = status && verify_interval(StringTableSize, minimumStringTableSize,
2084     (max_uintx / StringTable::bucket_size()), "StringTable size");
2085 
2086   status = status && verify_interval(SymbolTableSize, minimumSymbolTableSize,
2087     (max_uintx / SymbolTable::bucket_size()), "SymbolTable size");
2088 
2089   {
2090     // Using "else if" below to avoid printing two error messages if min > max.
2091     // This will also prevent us from reporting both min>100 and max>100 at the
2092     // same time, but that is less annoying than printing two identical errors IMHO.
2093     FormatBuffer<80> err_msg("%s","");
2094     if (!verify_MinHeapFreeRatio(err_msg, MinHeapFreeRatio)) {
2095       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(), "%s\n", err_msg.buffer());
2096       status = false;
2097     } else if (!verify_MaxHeapFreeRatio(err_msg, MaxHeapFreeRatio)) {
2098       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(), "%s\n", err_msg.buffer());
2099       status = false;
2100     }
2101   }
2102 
2103   // Min/MaxMetaspaceFreeRatio
2104   status = status && verify_percentage(MinMetaspaceFreeRatio, "MinMetaspaceFreeRatio");
2105   status = status && verify_percentage(MaxMetaspaceFreeRatio, "MaxMetaspaceFreeRatio");
2106 
2107   if (MinMetaspaceFreeRatio > MaxMetaspaceFreeRatio) {
2108     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2109                 "MinMetaspaceFreeRatio (%s" UINTX_FORMAT ") must be less than or "
2110                 "equal to MaxMetaspaceFreeRatio (%s" UINTX_FORMAT ")\n",
2111                 FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MinMetaspaceFreeRatio) ? "Default: " : "",
2112                 MinMetaspaceFreeRatio,
2113                 FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxMetaspaceFreeRatio) ? "Default: " : "",
2114                 MaxMetaspaceFreeRatio);
2115     status = false;
2116   }
2117 
2118   // Trying to keep 100% free is not practical
2119   MinMetaspaceFreeRatio = MIN2(MinMetaspaceFreeRatio, (uintx) 99);
2120 
2121   if (FullGCALot && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MarkSweepAlwaysCompactCount)) {
2122     MarkSweepAlwaysCompactCount = 1;  // Move objects every gc.
2123   }
2124 
2125   if (UseParallelOldGC && ParallelOldGCSplitALot) {
2126     // Settings to encourage splitting.
2127     if (!FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(NewRatio)) {
2128       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, NewRatio, 2);
2129     }
2130     if (!FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(ScavengeBeforeFullGC)) {
2131       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ScavengeBeforeFullGC, false);
2132     }
2133   }
2134 
2135   status = status && verify_percentage(GCHeapFreeLimit, "GCHeapFreeLimit");
2136   status = status && verify_percentage(GCTimeLimit, "GCTimeLimit");
2137   if (GCTimeLimit == 100) {
2138     // Turn off gc-overhead-limit-exceeded checks
2139     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseGCOverheadLimit, false);
2140   }
2141 
2142   status = status && check_gc_consistency();
2143   status = status && check_stack_pages();
2144 
2145   if (CMSIncrementalMode) {
2146     if (!UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
2147       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2148                   "error:  invalid argument combination.\n"
2149                   "The CMS collector (-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC) must be "
2150                   "selected in order\nto use CMSIncrementalMode.\n");
2151       status = false;
2152     } else {
2153       status = status && verify_percentage(CMSIncrementalDutyCycle,
2154                                   "CMSIncrementalDutyCycle");
2155       status = status && verify_percentage(CMSIncrementalDutyCycleMin,
2156                                   "CMSIncrementalDutyCycleMin");
2157       status = status && verify_percentage(CMSIncrementalSafetyFactor,
2158                                   "CMSIncrementalSafetyFactor");
2159       status = status && verify_percentage(CMSIncrementalOffset,
2160                                   "CMSIncrementalOffset");
2161       status = status && verify_percentage(CMSExpAvgFactor,
2162                                   "CMSExpAvgFactor");
2163       // If it was not set on the command line, set
2164       // CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction to 1 so icms can initiate cycles early.
2165       if (CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction < 0) {
2166         FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction, 1);
2167       }
2168     }
2169   }
2170 
2171   // CMS space iteration, which FLSVerifyAllHeapreferences entails,
2172   // insists that we hold the requisite locks so that the iteration is
2173   // MT-safe. For the verification at start-up and shut-down, we don't
2174   // yet have a good way of acquiring and releasing these locks,
2175   // which are not visible at the CollectedHeap level. We want to
2176   // be able to acquire these locks and then do the iteration rather
2177   // than just disable the lock verification. This will be fixed under
2178   // bug 4788986.
2179   if (UseConcMarkSweepGC && FLSVerifyAllHeapReferences) {
2180     if (VerifyDuringStartup) {
2181       warning("Heap verification at start-up disabled "
2182               "(due to current incompatibility with FLSVerifyAllHeapReferences)");
2183       VerifyDuringStartup = false; // Disable verification at start-up
2184     }
2185 
2186     if (VerifyBeforeExit) {
2187       warning("Heap verification at shutdown disabled "
2188               "(due to current incompatibility with FLSVerifyAllHeapReferences)");
2189       VerifyBeforeExit = false; // Disable verification at shutdown
2190     }
2191   }
2192 
2193   // Note: only executed in non-PRODUCT mode
2194   if (!UseAsyncConcMarkSweepGC &&
2195       (ExplicitGCInvokesConcurrent ||
2196        ExplicitGCInvokesConcurrentAndUnloadsClasses)) {
2197     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2198                 "error: +ExplicitGCInvokesConcurrent[AndUnloadsClasses] conflicts"
2199                 " with -UseAsyncConcMarkSweepGC");
2200     status = false;
2201   }
2202 
2203   status = status && verify_min_value(ParGCArrayScanChunk, 1, "ParGCArrayScanChunk");
2204 
2205 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
2206   if (UseG1GC) {
2207     status = status && verify_percentage(G1NewSizePercent, "G1NewSizePercent");
2208     status = status && verify_percentage(G1MaxNewSizePercent, "G1MaxNewSizePercent");
2209     status = status && verify_interval(G1NewSizePercent, 0, G1MaxNewSizePercent, "G1NewSizePercent");
2210 
2211     status = status && verify_percentage(InitiatingHeapOccupancyPercent,
2212                                          "InitiatingHeapOccupancyPercent");
2213     status = status && verify_min_value(G1RefProcDrainInterval, 1,
2214                                         "G1RefProcDrainInterval");
2215     status = status && verify_min_value((intx)G1ConcMarkStepDurationMillis, 1,
2216                                         "G1ConcMarkStepDurationMillis");
2217     status = status && verify_interval(G1ConcRSHotCardLimit, 0, max_jubyte,
2218                                        "G1ConcRSHotCardLimit");
2219     status = status && verify_interval(G1ConcRSLogCacheSize, 0, 31,
2220                                        "G1ConcRSLogCacheSize");
2221     status = status && verify_interval(StringDeduplicationAgeThreshold, 1, markOopDesc::max_age,
2222                                        "StringDeduplicationAgeThreshold");
2223   }
2224   if (UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
2225     status = status && verify_min_value(CMSOldPLABNumRefills, 1, "CMSOldPLABNumRefills");
2226     status = status && verify_min_value(CMSOldPLABToleranceFactor, 1, "CMSOldPLABToleranceFactor");
2227     status = status && verify_min_value(CMSOldPLABMax, 1, "CMSOldPLABMax");
2228     status = status && verify_interval(CMSOldPLABMin, 1, CMSOldPLABMax, "CMSOldPLABMin");
2229 
2230     status = status && verify_min_value(CMSYoungGenPerWorker, 1, "CMSYoungGenPerWorker");
2231 
2232     status = status && verify_min_value(CMSSamplingGrain, 1, "CMSSamplingGrain");
2233     status = status && verify_interval(CMS_SweepWeight, 0, 100, "CMS_SweepWeight");
2234     status = status && verify_interval(CMS_FLSWeight, 0, 100, "CMS_FLSWeight");
2235 
2236     status = status && verify_interval(FLSCoalescePolicy, 0, 4, "FLSCoalescePolicy");
2237 
2238     status = status && verify_min_value(CMSRescanMultiple, 1, "CMSRescanMultiple");
2239     status = status && verify_min_value(CMSConcMarkMultiple, 1, "CMSConcMarkMultiple");
2240 
2241     status = status && verify_interval(CMSPrecleanIter, 0, 9, "CMSPrecleanIter");
2242     status = status && verify_min_value(CMSPrecleanDenominator, 1, "CMSPrecleanDenominator");
2243     status = status && verify_interval(CMSPrecleanNumerator, 0, CMSPrecleanDenominator - 1, "CMSPrecleanNumerator");
2244 
2245     status = status && verify_percentage(CMSBootstrapOccupancy, "CMSBootstrapOccupancy");
2246 
2247     status = status && verify_min_value(CMSPrecleanThreshold, 100, "CMSPrecleanThreshold");
2248 
2249     status = status && verify_percentage(CMSScheduleRemarkEdenPenetration, "CMSScheduleRemarkEdenPenetration");
2250     status = status && verify_min_value(CMSScheduleRemarkSamplingRatio, 1, "CMSScheduleRemarkSamplingRatio");
2251     status = status && verify_min_value(CMSBitMapYieldQuantum, 1, "CMSBitMapYieldQuantum");
2252     status = status && verify_percentage(CMSTriggerRatio, "CMSTriggerRatio");
2253     status = status && verify_percentage(CMSIsTooFullPercentage, "CMSIsTooFullPercentage");
2254   }
2255 
2256   if (UseParallelGC || UseParallelOldGC) {
2257     status = status && verify_interval(ParallelOldDeadWoodLimiterMean, 0, 100, "ParallelOldDeadWoodLimiterMean");
2258     status = status && verify_interval(ParallelOldDeadWoodLimiterStdDev, 0, 100, "ParallelOldDeadWoodLimiterStdDev");
2259 
2260     status = status && verify_percentage(YoungGenerationSizeIncrement, "YoungGenerationSizeIncrement");
2261     status = status && verify_percentage(TenuredGenerationSizeIncrement, "TenuredGenerationSizeIncrement");
2262 
2263     status = status && verify_min_value(YoungGenerationSizeSupplementDecay, 1, "YoungGenerationSizeSupplementDecay");
2264     status = status && verify_min_value(TenuredGenerationSizeSupplementDecay, 1, "TenuredGenerationSizeSupplementDecay");
2265 
2266     status = status && verify_min_value(ParGCCardsPerStrideChunk, 1, "ParGCCardsPerStrideChunk");
2267 
2268     status = status && verify_min_value(ParallelOldGCSplitInterval, 0, "ParallelOldGCSplitInterval");
2269   }
2270 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
2271 
2272   status = status && verify_interval(RefDiscoveryPolicy,
2273                                      ReferenceProcessor::DiscoveryPolicyMin,
2274                                      ReferenceProcessor::DiscoveryPolicyMax,
2275                                      "RefDiscoveryPolicy");
2276 
2277   // Limit the lower bound of this flag to 1 as it is used in a division
2278   // expression.
2279   status = status && verify_interval(TLABWasteTargetPercent,
2280                                      1, 100, "TLABWasteTargetPercent");
2281 
2282   status = status && verify_object_alignment();
2283 
2284   status = status && verify_interval(CompressedClassSpaceSize, 1*M, 3*G,
2285                                       "CompressedClassSpaceSize");
2286 
2287   status = status && verify_interval(MarkStackSizeMax,
2288                                   1, (max_jint - 1), "MarkStackSizeMax");
2289   status = status && verify_interval(NUMAChunkResizeWeight, 0, 100, "NUMAChunkResizeWeight");
2290 
2291   status = status && verify_min_value(LogEventsBufferEntries, 1, "LogEventsBufferEntries");
2292 
2293   status = status && verify_min_value(HeapSizePerGCThread, (uintx) os::vm_page_size(), "HeapSizePerGCThread");
2294 
2295   status = status && verify_min_value(GCTaskTimeStampEntries, 1, "GCTaskTimeStampEntries");
2296 
2297   status = status && verify_percentage(ParallelGCBufferWastePct, "ParallelGCBufferWastePct");
2298   status = status && verify_interval(TargetPLABWastePct, 1, 100, "TargetPLABWastePct");
2299 
2300   status = status && verify_min_value(ParGCStridesPerThread, 1, "ParGCStridesPerThread");
2301 
2302   status = status && verify_min_value(MinRAMFraction, 1, "MinRAMFraction");
2303   status = status && verify_min_value(InitialRAMFraction, 1, "InitialRAMFraction");
2304   status = status && verify_min_value(MaxRAMFraction, 1, "MaxRAMFraction");
2305   status = status && verify_min_value(DefaultMaxRAMFraction, 1, "DefaultMaxRAMFraction");
2306 
2307   status = status && verify_interval(AdaptiveTimeWeight, 0, 100, "AdaptiveTimeWeight");
2308   status = status && verify_min_value(AdaptiveSizeDecrementScaleFactor, 1, "AdaptiveSizeDecrementScaleFactor");
2309 
2310   status = status && verify_interval(TLABAllocationWeight, 0, 100, "TLABAllocationWeight");
2311   status = status && verify_min_value(MinTLABSize, 1, "MinTLABSize");
2312   status = status && verify_min_value(TLABRefillWasteFraction, 1, "TLABRefillWasteFraction");
2313 
2314   status = status && verify_percentage(YoungGenerationSizeSupplement, "YoungGenerationSizeSupplement");
2315   status = status && verify_percentage(TenuredGenerationSizeSupplement, "TenuredGenerationSizeSupplement");
2316 
2317   // the "age" field in the oop header is 4 bits; do not want to pull in markOop.hpp
2318   // just for that, so hardcode here.
2319   status = status && verify_interval(MaxTenuringThreshold, 0, 15, "MaxTenuringThreshold");
2320   status = status && verify_interval(InitialTenuringThreshold, 0, MaxTenuringThreshold, "MaxTenuringThreshold");
2321   status = status && verify_percentage(TargetSurvivorRatio, "TargetSurvivorRatio");
2322   status = status && verify_percentage(MarkSweepDeadRatio, "MarkSweepDeadRatio");
2323 
2324   status = status && verify_min_value(MarkSweepAlwaysCompactCount, 1, "MarkSweepAlwaysCompactCount");
2325 
2326   if (PrintNMTStatistics) {
2327 #if INCLUDE_NMT
2328     if (MemTracker::tracking_level() == MemTracker::NMT_off) {
2329 #endif // INCLUDE_NMT
2330       warning("PrintNMTStatistics is disabled, because native memory tracking is not enabled");
2331       PrintNMTStatistics = false;
2332 #if INCLUDE_NMT
2333     }
2334 #endif
2335   }
2336 
2337   // Need to limit the extent of the padding to reasonable size.
2338   // 8K is well beyond the reasonable HW cache line size, even with the
2339   // aggressive prefetching, while still leaving the room for segregating
2340   // among the distinct pages.
2341   if (ContendedPaddingWidth < 0 || ContendedPaddingWidth > 8192) {
2342     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2343                 "ContendedPaddingWidth=" INTX_FORMAT " must be in between %d and %d\n",
2344                 ContendedPaddingWidth, 0, 8192);
2345     status = false;
2346   }
2347 
2348   // Need to enforce the padding not to break the existing field alignments.
2349   // It is sufficient to check against the largest type size.
2350   if ((ContendedPaddingWidth % BytesPerLong) != 0) {
2351     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2352                 "ContendedPaddingWidth=" INTX_FORMAT " must be a multiple of %d\n",
2353                 ContendedPaddingWidth, BytesPerLong);
2354     status = false;
2355   }
2356 
2357   // Check lower bounds of the code cache
2358   // Template Interpreter code is approximately 3X larger in debug builds.
2359   uint min_code_cache_size = (CodeCacheMinimumUseSpace DEBUG_ONLY(* 3)) + CodeCacheMinimumFreeSpace;
2360   if (InitialCodeCacheSize < (uintx)os::vm_page_size()) {
2361     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2362                 "Invalid InitialCodeCacheSize=%dK. Must be at least %dK.\n", InitialCodeCacheSize/K,
2363                 os::vm_page_size()/K);
2364     status = false;
2365   } else if (ReservedCodeCacheSize < InitialCodeCacheSize) {
2366     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2367                 "Invalid ReservedCodeCacheSize: %dK. Must be at least InitialCodeCacheSize=%dK.\n",
2368                 ReservedCodeCacheSize/K, InitialCodeCacheSize/K);
2369     status = false;
2370   } else if (ReservedCodeCacheSize < min_code_cache_size) {
2371     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2372                 "Invalid ReservedCodeCacheSize=%dK. Must be at least %uK.\n", ReservedCodeCacheSize/K,
2373                 min_code_cache_size/K);
2374     status = false;
2375   } else if (ReservedCodeCacheSize > 2*G) {
2376     // Code cache size larger than MAXINT is not supported.
2377     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2378                 "Invalid ReservedCodeCacheSize=%dM. Must be at most %uM.\n", ReservedCodeCacheSize/M,
2379                 (2*G)/M);
2380     status = false;
2381   }
2382 
2383   status &= verify_interval(NmethodSweepFraction, 1, ReservedCodeCacheSize/K, "NmethodSweepFraction");
2384   status &= verify_interval(NmethodSweepActivity, 0, 2000, "NmethodSweepActivity");
2385 
2386   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(CICompilerCount) && !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(CICompilerCountPerCPU) && CICompilerCountPerCPU) {
2387     warning("The VM option CICompilerCountPerCPU overrides CICompilerCount.");
2388   }
2389 
2390   return status;
2391 }
2392 
2393 bool Arguments::is_bad_option(const JavaVMOption* option, jboolean ignore,
2394   const char* option_type) {
2395   if (ignore) return false;
2396 
2397   const char* spacer = " ";
2398   if (option_type == NULL) {
2399     option_type = ++spacer; // Set both to the empty string.
2400   }
2401 
2402   if (os::obsolete_option(option)) {
2403     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2404                 "Obsolete %s%soption: %s\n", option_type, spacer,
2405       option->optionString);
2406     return false;
2407   } else {
2408     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2409                 "Unrecognized %s%soption: %s\n", option_type, spacer,
2410       option->optionString);
2411     return true;
2412   }
2413 }
2414 
2415 static const char* user_assertion_options[] = {
2416   "-da", "-ea", "-disableassertions", "-enableassertions", 0
2417 };
2418 
2419 static const char* system_assertion_options[] = {
2420   "-dsa", "-esa", "-disablesystemassertions", "-enablesystemassertions", 0
2421 };
2422 
2423 // Return true if any of the strings in null-terminated array 'names' matches.
2424 // If tail_allowed is true, then the tail must begin with a colon; otherwise,
2425 // the option must match exactly.
2426 static bool match_option(const JavaVMOption* option, const char** names, const char** tail,
2427   bool tail_allowed) {
2428   for (/* empty */; *names != NULL; ++names) {
2429     if (match_option(option, *names, tail)) {
2430       if (**tail == '\0' || tail_allowed && **tail == ':') {
2431         return true;
2432       }
2433     }
2434   }
2435   return false;
2436 }
2437 
2438 bool Arguments::parse_uintx(const char* value,
2439                             uintx* uintx_arg,
2440                             uintx min_size) {
2441 
2442   // Check the sign first since atomull() parses only unsigned values.
2443   bool value_is_positive = !(*value == '-');
2444 
2445   if (value_is_positive) {
2446     julong n;
2447     bool good_return = atomull(value, &n);
2448     if (good_return) {
2449       bool above_minimum = n >= min_size;
2450       bool value_is_too_large = n > max_uintx;
2451 
2452       if (above_minimum && !value_is_too_large) {
2453         *uintx_arg = n;
2454         return true;
2455       }
2456     }
2457   }
2458   return false;
2459 }
2460 
2461 Arguments::ArgsRange Arguments::parse_memory_size(const char* s,
2462                                                   julong* long_arg,
2463                                                   julong min_size) {
2464   if (!atomull(s, long_arg)) return arg_unreadable;
2465   return check_memory_size(*long_arg, min_size);
2466 }
2467 
2468 // Parse JavaVMInitArgs structure
2469 
2470 jint Arguments::parse_vm_init_args(const JavaVMInitArgs* args) {
2471   // For components of the system classpath.
2472   SysClassPath scp(Arguments::get_sysclasspath());
2473   bool scp_assembly_required = false;
2474 
2475   // Save default settings for some mode flags
2476   Arguments::_AlwaysCompileLoopMethods = AlwaysCompileLoopMethods;
2477   Arguments::_UseOnStackReplacement    = UseOnStackReplacement;
2478   Arguments::_ClipInlining             = ClipInlining;
2479   Arguments::_BackgroundCompilation    = BackgroundCompilation;
2480 
2481   // Setup flags for mixed which is the default
2482   set_mode_flags(_mixed);
2483 
2484   // Parse JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS environment variable (if present)
2485   jint result = parse_java_tool_options_environment_variable(&scp, &scp_assembly_required);
2486   if (result != JNI_OK) {
2487     return result;
2488   }
2489 
2490   // Parse JavaVMInitArgs structure passed in
2491   result = parse_each_vm_init_arg(args, &scp, &scp_assembly_required, Flag::COMMAND_LINE);
2492   if (result != JNI_OK) {
2493     return result;
2494   }
2495 
2496   // Parse _JAVA_OPTIONS environment variable (if present) (mimics classic VM)
2497   result = parse_java_options_environment_variable(&scp, &scp_assembly_required);
2498   if (result != JNI_OK) {
2499     return result;
2500   }
2501 
2502   // Do final processing now that all arguments have been parsed
2503   result = finalize_vm_init_args(&scp, scp_assembly_required);
2504   if (result != JNI_OK) {
2505     return result;
2506   }
2507 
2508   return JNI_OK;
2509 }
2510 
2511 // Checks if name in command-line argument -agent{lib,path}:name[=options]
2512 // represents a valid HPROF of JDWP agent.  is_path==true denotes that we
2513 // are dealing with -agentpath (case where name is a path), otherwise with
2514 // -agentlib
2515 bool valid_hprof_or_jdwp_agent(char *name, bool is_path) {
2516   char *_name;
2517   const char *_hprof = "hprof", *_jdwp = "jdwp";
2518   size_t _len_hprof, _len_jdwp, _len_prefix;
2519 
2520   if (is_path) {
2521     if ((_name = strrchr(name, (int) *os::file_separator())) == NULL) {
2522       return false;
2523     }
2524 
2525     _name++;  // skip past last path separator
2526     _len_prefix = strlen(JNI_LIB_PREFIX);
2527 
2528     if (strncmp(_name, JNI_LIB_PREFIX, _len_prefix) != 0) {
2529       return false;
2530     }
2531 
2532     _name += _len_prefix;
2533     _len_hprof = strlen(_hprof);
2534     _len_jdwp = strlen(_jdwp);
2535 
2536     if (strncmp(_name, _hprof, _len_hprof) == 0) {
2537       _name += _len_hprof;
2538     }
2539     else if (strncmp(_name, _jdwp, _len_jdwp) == 0) {
2540       _name += _len_jdwp;
2541     }
2542     else {
2543       return false;
2544     }
2545 
2546     if (strcmp(_name, JNI_LIB_SUFFIX) != 0) {
2547       return false;
2548     }
2549 
2550     return true;
2551   }
2552 
2553   if (strcmp(name, _hprof) == 0 || strcmp(name, _jdwp) == 0) {
2554     return true;
2555   }
2556 
2557   return false;
2558 }
2559 
2560 jint Arguments::parse_each_vm_init_arg(const JavaVMInitArgs* args,
2561                                        SysClassPath* scp_p,
2562                                        bool* scp_assembly_required_p,
2563                                        Flag::Flags origin) {
2564   // Remaining part of option string
2565   const char* tail;
2566 
2567   // iterate over arguments
2568   for (int index = 0; index < args->nOptions; index++) {
2569     bool is_absolute_path = false;  // for -agentpath vs -agentlib
2570 
2571     const JavaVMOption* option = args->options + index;
2572 
2573     if (!match_option(option, "-Djava.class.path", &tail) &&
2574         !match_option(option, "-Dsun.java.command", &tail) &&
2575         !match_option(option, "-Dsun.java.launcher", &tail)) {
2576 
2577         // add all jvm options to the jvm_args string. This string
2578         // is used later to set the java.vm.args PerfData string constant.
2579         // the -Djava.class.path and the -Dsun.java.command options are
2580         // omitted from jvm_args string as each have their own PerfData
2581         // string constant object.
2582         build_jvm_args(option->optionString);
2583     }
2584 
2585     // -verbose:[class/gc/jni]
2586     if (match_option(option, "-verbose", &tail)) {
2587       if (!strcmp(tail, ":class") || !strcmp(tail, "")) {
2588         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, TraceClassLoading, true);
2589         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, TraceClassUnloading, true);
2590       } else if (!strcmp(tail, ":gc")) {
2591         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, PrintGC, true);
2592       } else if (!strcmp(tail, ":jni")) {
2593         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, PrintJNIResolving, true);
2594       }
2595     // -da / -ea / -disableassertions / -enableassertions
2596     // These accept an optional class/package name separated by a colon, e.g.,
2597     // -da:java.lang.Thread.
2598     } else if (match_option(option, user_assertion_options, &tail, true)) {
2599       bool enable = option->optionString[1] == 'e';     // char after '-' is 'e'
2600       if (*tail == '\0') {
2601         JavaAssertions::setUserClassDefault(enable);
2602       } else {
2603         assert(*tail == ':', "bogus match by match_option()");
2604         JavaAssertions::addOption(tail + 1, enable);
2605       }
2606     // -dsa / -esa / -disablesystemassertions / -enablesystemassertions
2607     } else if (match_option(option, system_assertion_options, &tail, false)) {
2608       bool enable = option->optionString[1] == 'e';     // char after '-' is 'e'
2609       JavaAssertions::setSystemClassDefault(enable);
2610     // -bootclasspath:
2611     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xbootclasspath:", &tail)) {
2612       scp_p->reset_path(tail);
2613       *scp_assembly_required_p = true;
2614     // -bootclasspath/a:
2615     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xbootclasspath/a:", &tail)) {
2616       scp_p->add_suffix(tail);
2617       *scp_assembly_required_p = true;
2618     // -bootclasspath/p:
2619     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xbootclasspath/p:", &tail)) {
2620       scp_p->add_prefix(tail);
2621       *scp_assembly_required_p = true;
2622     // -Xrun
2623     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xrun", &tail)) {
2624       if (tail != NULL) {
2625         const char* pos = strchr(tail, ':');
2626         size_t len = (pos == NULL) ? strlen(tail) : pos - tail;
2627         char* name = (char*)memcpy(NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len + 1, mtInternal), tail, len);
2628         name[len] = '\0';
2629 
2630         char *options = NULL;
2631         if(pos != NULL) {
2632           size_t len2 = strlen(pos+1) + 1; // options start after ':'.  Final zero must be copied.
2633           options = (char*)memcpy(NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len2, mtInternal), pos+1, len2);
2634         }
2635 #if !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2636         if ((strcmp(name, "hprof") == 0) || (strcmp(name, "jdwp") == 0)) {
2637           jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2638             "Profiling and debugging agents are not supported in this VM\n");
2639           return JNI_ERR;
2640         }
2641 #endif // !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2642         add_init_library(name, options);
2643       }
2644     // -agentlib and -agentpath
2645     } else if (match_option(option, "-agentlib:", &tail) ||
2646           (is_absolute_path = match_option(option, "-agentpath:", &tail))) {
2647       if(tail != NULL) {
2648         const char* pos = strchr(tail, '=');
2649         size_t len = (pos == NULL) ? strlen(tail) : pos - tail;
2650         char* name = strncpy(NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len + 1, mtInternal), tail, len);
2651         name[len] = '\0';
2652 
2653         char *options = NULL;
2654         if(pos != NULL) {
2655           options = strcpy(NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, strlen(pos + 1) + 1, mtInternal), pos + 1);
2656         }
2657 #if !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2658         if (valid_hprof_or_jdwp_agent(name, is_absolute_path)) {
2659           jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2660             "Profiling and debugging agents are not supported in this VM\n");
2661           return JNI_ERR;
2662         }
2663 #endif // !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2664         add_init_agent(name, options, is_absolute_path);
2665       }
2666     // -javaagent
2667     } else if (match_option(option, "-javaagent:", &tail)) {
2668 #if !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2669       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2670         "Instrumentation agents are not supported in this VM\n");
2671       return JNI_ERR;
2672 #else
2673       if(tail != NULL) {
2674         char *options = strcpy(NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, strlen(tail) + 1, mtInternal), tail);
2675         add_init_agent("instrument", options, false);
2676       }
2677 #endif // !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2678     // -Xnoclassgc
2679     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xnoclassgc", &tail)) {
2680       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ClassUnloading, false);
2681     // -Xincgc: i-CMS
2682     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xincgc", &tail)) {
2683       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseConcMarkSweepGC, true);
2684       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, CMSIncrementalMode, true);
2685     // -Xnoincgc: no i-CMS
2686     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xnoincgc", &tail)) {
2687       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseConcMarkSweepGC, false);
2688       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, CMSIncrementalMode, false);
2689     // -Xconcgc
2690     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xconcgc", &tail)) {
2691       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseConcMarkSweepGC, true);
2692     // -Xnoconcgc
2693     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xnoconcgc", &tail)) {
2694       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseConcMarkSweepGC, false);
2695     // -Xbatch
2696     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xbatch", &tail)) {
2697       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BackgroundCompilation, false);
2698     // -Xmn for compatibility with other JVM vendors
2699     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmn", &tail)) {
2700       julong long_initial_young_size = 0;
2701       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_initial_young_size, 1);
2702       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2703         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2704                     "Invalid initial young generation size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2705         describe_range_error(errcode);
2706         return JNI_EINVAL;
2707       }
2708       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxNewSize, (uintx)long_initial_young_size);
2709       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, NewSize, (uintx)long_initial_young_size);
2710     // -Xms
2711     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xms", &tail)) {
2712       julong long_initial_heap_size = 0;
2713       // an initial heap size of 0 means automatically determine
2714       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_initial_heap_size, 0);
2715       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2716         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2717                     "Invalid initial heap size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2718         describe_range_error(errcode);
2719         return JNI_EINVAL;
2720       }
2721       set_min_heap_size((uintx)long_initial_heap_size);
2722       // Currently the minimum size and the initial heap sizes are the same.
2723       // Can be overridden with -XX:InitialHeapSize.
2724       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, InitialHeapSize, (uintx)long_initial_heap_size);
2725     // -Xmx
2726     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmx", &tail) || match_option(option, "-XX:MaxHeapSize=", &tail)) {
2727       julong long_max_heap_size = 0;
2728       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_max_heap_size, 1);
2729       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2730         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2731                     "Invalid maximum heap size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2732         describe_range_error(errcode);
2733         return JNI_EINVAL;
2734       }
2735       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxHeapSize, (uintx)long_max_heap_size);
2736     // Xmaxf
2737     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmaxf", &tail)) {
2738       char* err;
2739       int maxf = (int)(strtod(tail, &err) * 100);
2740       if (*err != '\0' || *tail == '\0' || maxf < 0 || maxf > 100) {
2741         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2742                     "Bad max heap free percentage size: %s\n",
2743                     option->optionString);
2744         return JNI_EINVAL;
2745       } else {
2746         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxHeapFreeRatio, maxf);
2747       }
2748     // Xminf
2749     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xminf", &tail)) {
2750       char* err;
2751       int minf = (int)(strtod(tail, &err) * 100);
2752       if (*err != '\0' || *tail == '\0' || minf < 0 || minf > 100) {
2753         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2754                     "Bad min heap free percentage size: %s\n",
2755                     option->optionString);
2756         return JNI_EINVAL;
2757       } else {
2758         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MinHeapFreeRatio, minf);
2759       }
2760     // -Xss
2761     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xss", &tail)) {
2762       julong long_ThreadStackSize = 0;
2763       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_ThreadStackSize, 1000);
2764       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2765         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2766                     "Invalid thread stack size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2767         describe_range_error(errcode);
2768         return JNI_EINVAL;
2769       }
2770       // Internally track ThreadStackSize in units of 1024 bytes.
2771       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(intx, ThreadStackSize,
2772                               round_to((int)long_ThreadStackSize, K) / K);
2773     // -Xoss
2774     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xoss", &tail)) {
2775           // HotSpot does not have separate native and Java stacks, ignore silently for compatibility
2776     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:CodeCacheExpansionSize=", &tail)) {
2777       julong long_CodeCacheExpansionSize = 0;
2778       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_CodeCacheExpansionSize, os::vm_page_size());
2779       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2780         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2781                    "Invalid argument: %s. Must be at least %luK.\n", option->optionString,
2782                    os::vm_page_size()/K);
2783         return JNI_EINVAL;
2784       }
2785       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, CodeCacheExpansionSize, (uintx)long_CodeCacheExpansionSize);
2786     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmaxjitcodesize", &tail) ||
2787                match_option(option, "-XX:ReservedCodeCacheSize=", &tail)) {
2788       julong long_ReservedCodeCacheSize = 0;
2789 
2790       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_ReservedCodeCacheSize, 1);
2791       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2792         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2793                     "Invalid maximum code cache size: %s.\n", option->optionString);
2794         return JNI_EINVAL;
2795       }
2796       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, ReservedCodeCacheSize, (uintx)long_ReservedCodeCacheSize);
2797       //-XX:IncreaseFirstTierCompileThresholdAt=
2798       } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:IncreaseFirstTierCompileThresholdAt=", &tail)) {
2799         uintx uint_IncreaseFirstTierCompileThresholdAt = 0;
2800         if (!parse_uintx(tail, &uint_IncreaseFirstTierCompileThresholdAt, 0) || uint_IncreaseFirstTierCompileThresholdAt > 99) {
2801           jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2802                       "Invalid value for IncreaseFirstTierCompileThresholdAt: %s. Should be between 0 and 99.\n",
2803                       option->optionString);
2804           return JNI_EINVAL;
2805         }
2806         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, IncreaseFirstTierCompileThresholdAt, (uintx)uint_IncreaseFirstTierCompileThresholdAt);
2807     // -green
2808     } else if (match_option(option, "-green", &tail)) {
2809       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2810                   "Green threads support not available\n");
2811           return JNI_EINVAL;
2812     // -native
2813     } else if (match_option(option, "-native", &tail)) {
2814           // HotSpot always uses native threads, ignore silently for compatibility
2815     // -Xsqnopause
2816     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xsqnopause", &tail)) {
2817           // EVM option, ignore silently for compatibility
2818     // -Xrs
2819     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xrs", &tail)) {
2820           // Classic/EVM option, new functionality
2821       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ReduceSignalUsage, true);
2822     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xusealtsigs", &tail)) {
2823           // change default internal VM signals used - lower case for back compat
2824       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseAltSigs, true);
2825     // -Xoptimize
2826     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xoptimize", &tail)) {
2827           // EVM option, ignore silently for compatibility
2828     // -Xprof
2829     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xprof", &tail)) {
2830 #if INCLUDE_FPROF
2831       _has_profile = true;
2832 #else // INCLUDE_FPROF
2833       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2834         "Flat profiling is not supported in this VM.\n");
2835       return JNI_ERR;
2836 #endif // INCLUDE_FPROF
2837     // -Xconcurrentio
2838     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xconcurrentio", &tail)) {
2839       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseLWPSynchronization, true);
2840       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BackgroundCompilation, false);
2841       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(intx, DeferThrSuspendLoopCount, 1);
2842       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseTLAB, false);
2843       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, NewSizeThreadIncrease, 16 * K);  // 20Kb per thread added to new generation
2844 
2845       // -Xinternalversion
2846     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xinternalversion", &tail)) {
2847       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(), "%s\n",
2848                   VM_Version::internal_vm_info_string());
2849       vm_exit(0);
2850 #ifndef PRODUCT
2851     // -Xprintflags
2852     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xprintflags", &tail)) {
2853       CommandLineFlags::printFlags(tty, false);
2854       vm_exit(0);
2855 #endif
2856     // -D
2857     } else if (match_option(option, "-D", &tail)) {
2858       if (!add_property(tail)) {
2859         return JNI_ENOMEM;
2860       }
2861       // Out of the box management support
2862       if (match_option(option, "-Dcom.sun.management", &tail)) {
2863 #if INCLUDE_MANAGEMENT
2864         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ManagementServer, true);
2865 #else
2866         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
2867           "-Dcom.sun.management is not supported in this VM.\n");
2868         return JNI_ERR;
2869 #endif
2870       }
2871     // -Xint
2872     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xint", &tail)) {
2873           set_mode_flags(_int);
2874     // -Xmixed
2875     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmixed", &tail)) {
2876           set_mode_flags(_mixed);
2877     // -Xcomp
2878     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xcomp", &tail)) {
2879       // for testing the compiler; turn off all flags that inhibit compilation
2880           set_mode_flags(_comp);
2881     // -Xshare:dump
2882     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xshare:dump", &tail)) {
2883       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DumpSharedSpaces, true);
2884       set_mode_flags(_int);     // Prevent compilation, which creates objects
2885     // -Xshare:on
2886     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xshare:on", &tail)) {
2887       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseSharedSpaces, true);
2888       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, RequireSharedSpaces, true);
2889     // -Xshare:auto
2890     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xshare:auto", &tail)) {
2891       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseSharedSpaces, true);
2892       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, RequireSharedSpaces, false);
2893     // -Xshare:off
2894     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xshare:off", &tail)) {
2895       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseSharedSpaces, false);
2896       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, RequireSharedSpaces, false);
2897     // -Xverify
2898     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xverify", &tail)) {
2899       if (strcmp(tail, ":all") == 0 || strcmp(tail, "") == 0) {
2900         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationLocal, true);
2901         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationRemote, true);
2902       } else if (strcmp(tail, ":remote") == 0) {
2903         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationLocal, false);
2904         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationRemote, true);
2905       } else if (strcmp(tail, ":none") == 0) {
2906         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationLocal, false);
2907         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationRemote, false);
2908       } else if (is_bad_option(option, args->ignoreUnrecognized, "verification")) {
2909         return JNI_EINVAL;
2910       }
2911     // -Xdebug
2912     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xdebug", &tail)) {
2913       // note this flag has been used, then ignore
2914       set_xdebug_mode(true);
2915     // -Xnoagent
2916     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xnoagent", &tail)) {
2917       // For compatibility with classic. HotSpot refuses to load the old style agent.dll.
2918     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xboundthreads", &tail)) {
2919       // Bind user level threads to kernel threads (Solaris only)
2920       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseBoundThreads, true);
2921     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xloggc:", &tail)) {
2922       // Redirect GC output to the file. -Xloggc:<filename>
2923       // ostream_init_log(), when called will use this filename
2924       // to initialize a fileStream.
2925       _gc_log_filename = strdup(tail);
2926      if (!is_filename_valid(_gc_log_filename)) {
2927        jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
2928                   "Invalid file name for use with -Xloggc: Filename can only contain the "
2929                   "characters [A-Z][a-z][0-9]-_.%%[p|t] but it has been %s\n"
2930                   "Note %%p or %%t can only be used once\n", _gc_log_filename);
2931         return JNI_EINVAL;
2932       }
2933       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, PrintGC, true);
2934       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, PrintGCTimeStamps, true);
2935 
2936     // JNI hooks
2937     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xcheck", &tail)) {
2938       if (!strcmp(tail, ":jni")) {
2939 #if !INCLUDE_JNI_CHECK
2940         warning("JNI CHECKING is not supported in this VM");
2941 #else
2942         CheckJNICalls = true;
2943 #endif // INCLUDE_JNI_CHECK
2944       } else if (is_bad_option(option, args->ignoreUnrecognized,
2945                                      "check")) {
2946         return JNI_EINVAL;
2947       }
2948     } else if (match_option(option, "vfprintf", &tail)) {
2949       _vfprintf_hook = CAST_TO_FN_PTR(vfprintf_hook_t, option->extraInfo);
2950     } else if (match_option(option, "exit", &tail)) {
2951       _exit_hook = CAST_TO_FN_PTR(exit_hook_t, option->extraInfo);
2952     } else if (match_option(option, "abort", &tail)) {
2953       _abort_hook = CAST_TO_FN_PTR(abort_hook_t, option->extraInfo);
2954     // -XX:+AggressiveHeap
2955     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+AggressiveHeap", &tail)) {
2956 
2957       // This option inspects the machine and attempts to set various
2958       // parameters to be optimal for long-running, memory allocation
2959       // intensive jobs.  It is intended for machines with large
2960       // amounts of cpu and memory.
2961 
2962       // initHeapSize is needed since _initial_heap_size is 4 bytes on a 32 bit
2963       // VM, but we may not be able to represent the total physical memory
2964       // available (like having 8gb of memory on a box but using a 32bit VM).
2965       // Thus, we need to make sure we're using a julong for intermediate
2966       // calculations.
2967       julong initHeapSize;
2968       julong total_memory = os::physical_memory();
2969 
2970       if (total_memory < (julong)256*M) {
2971         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2972                     "You need at least 256mb of memory to use -XX:+AggressiveHeap\n");
2973         vm_exit(1);
2974       }
2975 
2976       // The heap size is half of available memory, or (at most)
2977       // all of possible memory less 160mb (leaving room for the OS
2978       // when using ISM).  This is the maximum; because adaptive sizing
2979       // is turned on below, the actual space used may be smaller.
2980 
2981       initHeapSize = MIN2(total_memory / (julong)2,
2982                           total_memory - (julong)160*M);
2983 
2984       initHeapSize = limit_by_allocatable_memory(initHeapSize);
2985 
2986       if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxHeapSize)) {
2987          FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxHeapSize, initHeapSize);
2988          FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, InitialHeapSize, initHeapSize);
2989          // Currently the minimum size and the initial heap sizes are the same.
2990          set_min_heap_size(initHeapSize);
2991       }
2992       if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NewSize)) {
2993          // Make the young generation 3/8ths of the total heap.
2994          FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, NewSize,
2995                                 ((julong)MaxHeapSize / (julong)8) * (julong)3);
2996          FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxNewSize, NewSize);
2997       }
2998 
2999 #ifndef _ALLBSD_SOURCE  // UseLargePages is not yet supported on BSD.
3000       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseLargePages, true);
3001 #endif
3002 
3003       // Increase some data structure sizes for efficiency
3004       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, BaseFootPrintEstimate, MaxHeapSize);
3005       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ResizeTLAB, false);
3006       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, TLABSize, 256*K);
3007 
3008       // See the OldPLABSize comment below, but replace 'after promotion'
3009       // with 'after copying'.  YoungPLABSize is the size of the survivor
3010       // space per-gc-thread buffers.  The default is 4kw.
3011       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, YoungPLABSize, 256*K);      // Note: this is in words
3012 
3013       // OldPLABSize is the size of the buffers in the old gen that
3014       // UseParallelGC uses to promote live data that doesn't fit in the
3015       // survivor spaces.  At any given time, there's one for each gc thread.
3016       // The default size is 1kw. These buffers are rarely used, since the
3017       // survivor spaces are usually big enough.  For specjbb, however, there
3018       // are occasions when there's lots of live data in the young gen
3019       // and we end up promoting some of it.  We don't have a definite
3020       // explanation for why bumping OldPLABSize helps, but the theory
3021       // is that a bigger PLAB results in retaining something like the
3022       // original allocation order after promotion, which improves mutator
3023       // locality.  A minor effect may be that larger PLABs reduce the
3024       // number of PLAB allocation events during gc.  The value of 8kw
3025       // was arrived at by experimenting with specjbb.
3026       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, OldPLABSize, 8*K);  // Note: this is in words
3027 
3028       // Enable parallel GC and adaptive generation sizing
3029       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseParallelGC, true);
3030       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads,
3031                        Abstract_VM_Version::parallel_worker_threads());
3032 
3033       // Encourage steady state memory management
3034       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, ThresholdTolerance, 100);
3035 
3036       // This appears to improve mutator locality
3037       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ScavengeBeforeFullGC, false);
3038 
3039       // Get around early Solaris scheduling bug
3040       // (affinity vs other jobs on system)
3041       // but disallow DR and offlining (5008695).
3042       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BindGCTaskThreadsToCPUs, true);
3043 
3044     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+NeverTenure", &tail)) {
3045       // The last option must always win.
3046       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, AlwaysTenure, false);
3047       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, NeverTenure, true);
3048     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+AlwaysTenure", &tail)) {
3049       // The last option must always win.
3050       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, NeverTenure, false);
3051       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, AlwaysTenure, true);
3052     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+CMSPermGenSweepingEnabled", &tail) ||
3053                match_option(option, "-XX:-CMSPermGenSweepingEnabled", &tail)) {
3054       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3055         "Please use CMSClassUnloadingEnabled in place of "
3056         "CMSPermGenSweepingEnabled in the future\n");
3057     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+UseGCTimeLimit", &tail)) {
3058       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseGCOverheadLimit, true);
3059       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3060         "Please use -XX:+UseGCOverheadLimit in place of "
3061         "-XX:+UseGCTimeLimit in the future\n");
3062     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:-UseGCTimeLimit", &tail)) {
3063       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseGCOverheadLimit, false);
3064       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3065         "Please use -XX:-UseGCOverheadLimit in place of "
3066         "-XX:-UseGCTimeLimit in the future\n");
3067     // The TLE options are for compatibility with 1.3 and will be
3068     // removed without notice in a future release.  These options
3069     // are not to be documented.
3070     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:MaxTLERatio=", &tail)) {
3071       // No longer used.
3072     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+ResizeTLE", &tail)) {
3073       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ResizeTLAB, true);
3074     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:-ResizeTLE", &tail)) {
3075       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ResizeTLAB, false);
3076     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+PrintTLE", &tail)) {
3077       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, PrintTLAB, true);
3078     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:-PrintTLE", &tail)) {
3079       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, PrintTLAB, false);
3080     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:TLEFragmentationRatio=", &tail)) {
3081       // No longer used.
3082     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:TLESize=", &tail)) {
3083       julong long_tlab_size = 0;
3084       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_tlab_size, 1);
3085       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
3086         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3087                     "Invalid TLAB size: %s\n", option->optionString);
3088         describe_range_error(errcode);
3089         return JNI_EINVAL;
3090       }
3091       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, TLABSize, long_tlab_size);
3092     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:TLEThreadRatio=", &tail)) {
3093       // No longer used.
3094     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+UseTLE", &tail)) {
3095       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseTLAB, true);
3096     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:-UseTLE", &tail)) {
3097       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseTLAB, false);
3098     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+DisplayVMOutputToStderr", &tail)) {
3099       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DisplayVMOutputToStdout, false);
3100       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DisplayVMOutputToStderr, true);
3101     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+DisplayVMOutputToStdout", &tail)) {
3102       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DisplayVMOutputToStderr, false);
3103       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DisplayVMOutputToStdout, true);
3104     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+ExtendedDTraceProbes", &tail)) {
3105 #if defined(DTRACE_ENABLED)
3106       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ExtendedDTraceProbes, true);
3107       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DTraceMethodProbes, true);
3108       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DTraceAllocProbes, true);
3109       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DTraceMonitorProbes, true);
3110 #else // defined(DTRACE_ENABLED)
3111       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3112                   "ExtendedDTraceProbes flag is not applicable for this configuration\n");
3113       return JNI_EINVAL;
3114 #endif // defined(DTRACE_ENABLED)
3115 #ifdef ASSERT
3116     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+FullGCALot", &tail)) {
3117       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, FullGCALot, true);
3118       // disable scavenge before parallel mark-compact
3119       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ScavengeBeforeFullGC, false);
3120 #endif
3121     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim=", &tail)) {
3122       julong cms_blocks_to_claim = (julong)atol(tail);
3123       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim, cms_blocks_to_claim);
3124       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3125         "Please use -XX:OldPLABSize in place of "
3126         "-XX:CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim in the future\n");
3127     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:ParCMSPromoteBlocksToClaim=", &tail)) {
3128       julong cms_blocks_to_claim = (julong)atol(tail);
3129       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim, cms_blocks_to_claim);
3130       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3131         "Please use -XX:OldPLABSize in place of "
3132         "-XX:ParCMSPromoteBlocksToClaim in the future\n");
3133     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:ParallelGCOldGenAllocBufferSize=", &tail)) {
3134       julong old_plab_size = 0;
3135       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &old_plab_size, 1);
3136       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
3137         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3138                     "Invalid old PLAB size: %s\n", option->optionString);
3139         describe_range_error(errcode);
3140         return JNI_EINVAL;
3141       }
3142       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, OldPLABSize, old_plab_size);
3143       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3144                   "Please use -XX:OldPLABSize in place of "
3145                   "-XX:ParallelGCOldGenAllocBufferSize in the future\n");
3146     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:ParallelGCToSpaceAllocBufferSize=", &tail)) {
3147       julong young_plab_size = 0;
3148       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &young_plab_size, 1);
3149       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
3150         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3151                     "Invalid young PLAB size: %s\n", option->optionString);
3152         describe_range_error(errcode);
3153         return JNI_EINVAL;
3154       }
3155       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, YoungPLABSize, young_plab_size);
3156       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3157                   "Please use -XX:YoungPLABSize in place of "
3158                   "-XX:ParallelGCToSpaceAllocBufferSize in the future\n");
3159     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:CMSMarkStackSize=", &tail) ||
3160                match_option(option, "-XX:G1MarkStackSize=", &tail)) {
3161       julong stack_size = 0;
3162       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &stack_size, 1);
3163       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
3164         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3165                     "Invalid mark stack size: %s\n", option->optionString);
3166         describe_range_error(errcode);
3167         return JNI_EINVAL;
3168       }
3169       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MarkStackSize, stack_size);
3170     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:CMSMarkStackSizeMax=", &tail)) {
3171       julong max_stack_size = 0;
3172       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &max_stack_size, 1);
3173       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
3174         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3175                     "Invalid maximum mark stack size: %s\n",
3176                     option->optionString);
3177         describe_range_error(errcode);
3178         return JNI_EINVAL;
3179       }
3180       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MarkStackSizeMax, max_stack_size);
3181     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:ParallelMarkingThreads=", &tail) ||
3182                match_option(option, "-XX:ParallelCMSThreads=", &tail)) {
3183       uintx conc_threads = 0;
3184       if (!parse_uintx(tail, &conc_threads, 1)) {
3185         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3186                     "Invalid concurrent threads: %s\n", option->optionString);
3187         return JNI_EINVAL;
3188       }
3189       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, ConcGCThreads, conc_threads);
3190     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:MaxDirectMemorySize=", &tail)) {
3191       julong max_direct_memory_size = 0;
3192       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &max_direct_memory_size, 0);
3193       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
3194         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3195                     "Invalid maximum direct memory size: %s\n",
3196                     option->optionString);
3197         describe_range_error(errcode);
3198         return JNI_EINVAL;
3199       }
3200       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxDirectMemorySize, max_direct_memory_size);
3201     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+UseVMInterruptibleIO", &tail)) {
3202       // NOTE! In JDK 9, the UseVMInterruptibleIO flag will completely go
3203       //       away and will cause VM initialization failures!
3204       warning("-XX:+UseVMInterruptibleIO is obsolete and will be removed in a future release.");
3205       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseVMInterruptibleIO, true);
3206 #if !INCLUDE_MANAGEMENT
3207     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+ManagementServer", &tail)) {
3208         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3209           "ManagementServer is not supported in this VM.\n");
3210         return JNI_ERR;
3211 #endif // INCLUDE_MANAGEMENT
3212     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:", &tail)) { // -XX:xxxx
3213       // Skip -XX:Flags= since that case has already been handled
3214       if (strncmp(tail, "Flags=", strlen("Flags=")) != 0) {
3215         if (!process_argument(tail, args->ignoreUnrecognized, origin)) {
3216           return JNI_EINVAL;
3217         }
3218       }
3219     // Unknown option
3220     } else if (is_bad_option(option, args->ignoreUnrecognized)) {
3221       return JNI_ERR;
3222     }
3223   }
3224 
3225   // Change the default value for flags  which have different default values
3226   // when working with older JDKs.
3227 #ifdef LINUX
3228  if (JDK_Version::current().compare_major(6) <= 0 &&
3229       FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseLinuxPosixThreadCPUClocks)) {
3230     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseLinuxPosixThreadCPUClocks, false);
3231   }
3232 #endif // LINUX
3233   return JNI_OK;
3234 }
3235 
3236 jint Arguments::finalize_vm_init_args(SysClassPath* scp_p, bool scp_assembly_required) {
3237   // This must be done after all -D arguments have been processed.
3238   scp_p->expand_endorsed();
3239 
3240   if (scp_assembly_required || scp_p->get_endorsed() != NULL) {
3241     // Assemble the bootclasspath elements into the final path.
3242     Arguments::set_sysclasspath(scp_p->combined_path());
3243   }
3244 
3245   // This must be done after all arguments have been processed.
3246   // java_compiler() true means set to "NONE" or empty.
3247   if (java_compiler() && !xdebug_mode()) {
3248     // For backwards compatibility, we switch to interpreted mode if
3249     // -Djava.compiler="NONE" or "" is specified AND "-Xdebug" was
3250     // not specified.
3251     set_mode_flags(_int);
3252   }
3253   if (CompileThreshold == 0) {
3254     set_mode_flags(_int);
3255   }
3256 
3257   // eventually fix up InitialTenuringThreshold if only MaxTenuringThreshold is set
3258   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(InitialTenuringThreshold) && (InitialTenuringThreshold > MaxTenuringThreshold)) {
3259     FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, InitialTenuringThreshold, MaxTenuringThreshold);
3260   }
3261 
3262 #ifndef COMPILER2
3263   // Don't degrade server performance for footprint
3264   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseLargePages) &&
3265       MaxHeapSize < LargePageHeapSizeThreshold) {
3266     // No need for large granularity pages w/small heaps.
3267     // Note that large pages are enabled/disabled for both the
3268     // Java heap and the code cache.
3269     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseLargePages, false);
3270   }
3271 
3272 #else
3273   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(OptoLoopAlignment) && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxLoopPad)) {
3274     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MaxLoopPad, OptoLoopAlignment-1);
3275   }
3276 #endif
3277 
3278 #ifndef TIERED
3279   // Tiered compilation is undefined.
3280   UNSUPPORTED_OPTION(TieredCompilation, "TieredCompilation");
3281 #endif
3282 
3283   // If we are running in a headless jre, force java.awt.headless property
3284   // to be true unless the property has already been set.
3285   // Also allow the OS environment variable JAVA_AWT_HEADLESS to set headless state.
3286   if (os::is_headless_jre()) {
3287     const char* headless = Arguments::get_property("java.awt.headless");
3288     if (headless == NULL) {
3289       char envbuffer[128];
3290       if (!os::getenv("JAVA_AWT_HEADLESS", envbuffer, sizeof(envbuffer))) {
3291         if (!add_property("java.awt.headless=true")) {
3292           return JNI_ENOMEM;
3293         }
3294       } else {
3295         char buffer[256];
3296         strcpy(buffer, "java.awt.headless=");
3297         strcat(buffer, envbuffer);
3298         if (!add_property(buffer)) {
3299           return JNI_ENOMEM;
3300         }
3301       }
3302     }
3303   }
3304 
3305   if (!check_vm_args_consistency()) {
3306     return JNI_ERR;
3307   }
3308 
3309   return JNI_OK;
3310 }
3311 
3312 jint Arguments::parse_java_options_environment_variable(SysClassPath* scp_p, bool* scp_assembly_required_p) {
3313   return parse_options_environment_variable("_JAVA_OPTIONS", scp_p,
3314                                             scp_assembly_required_p);
3315 }
3316 
3317 jint Arguments::parse_java_tool_options_environment_variable(SysClassPath* scp_p, bool* scp_assembly_required_p) {
3318   return parse_options_environment_variable("JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS", scp_p,
3319                                             scp_assembly_required_p);
3320 }
3321 
3322 jint Arguments::parse_options_environment_variable(const char* name, SysClassPath* scp_p, bool* scp_assembly_required_p) {
3323   const int N_MAX_OPTIONS = 64;
3324   const int OPTION_BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;
3325   char buffer[OPTION_BUFFER_SIZE];
3326 
3327   // The variable will be ignored if it exceeds the length of the buffer.
3328   // Don't check this variable if user has special privileges
3329   // (e.g. unix su command).
3330   if (os::getenv(name, buffer, sizeof(buffer)) &&
3331       !os::have_special_privileges()) {
3332     JavaVMOption options[N_MAX_OPTIONS];      // Construct option array
3333     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3334                 "Picked up %s: %s\n", name, buffer);
3335     char* rd = buffer;                        // pointer to the input string (rd)
3336     int i;
3337     for (i = 0; i < N_MAX_OPTIONS;) {         // repeat for all options in the input string
3338       while (isspace(*rd)) rd++;              // skip whitespace
3339       if (*rd == 0) break;                    // we re done when the input string is read completely
3340 
3341       // The output, option string, overwrites the input string.
3342       // Because of quoting, the pointer to the option string (wrt) may lag the pointer to
3343       // input string (rd).
3344       char* wrt = rd;
3345 
3346       options[i++].optionString = wrt;        // Fill in option
3347       while (*rd != 0 && !isspace(*rd)) {     // unquoted strings terminate with a space or NULL
3348         if (*rd == '\'' || *rd == '"') {      // handle a quoted string
3349           int quote = *rd;                    // matching quote to look for
3350           rd++;                               // don't copy open quote
3351           while (*rd != quote) {              // include everything (even spaces) up until quote
3352             if (*rd == 0) {                   // string termination means unmatched string
3353               jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3354                           "Unmatched quote in %s\n", name);
3355               return JNI_ERR;
3356             }
3357             *wrt++ = *rd++;                   // copy to option string
3358           }
3359           rd++;                               // don't copy close quote
3360         } else {
3361           *wrt++ = *rd++;                     // copy to option string
3362         }
3363       }
3364       // Need to check if we're done before writing a NULL,
3365       // because the write could be to the byte that rd is pointing to.
3366       if (*rd++ == 0) {
3367         *wrt = 0;
3368         break;
3369       }
3370       *wrt = 0;                               // Zero terminate option
3371     }
3372     // Construct JavaVMInitArgs structure and parse as if it was part of the command line
3373     JavaVMInitArgs vm_args;
3374     vm_args.version = JNI_VERSION_1_2;
3375     vm_args.options = options;
3376     vm_args.nOptions = i;
3377     vm_args.ignoreUnrecognized = IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions;
3378 
3379     if (PrintVMOptions) {
3380       const char* tail;
3381       for (int i = 0; i < vm_args.nOptions; i++) {
3382         const JavaVMOption *option = vm_args.options + i;
3383         if (match_option(option, "-XX:", &tail)) {
3384           logOption(tail);
3385         }
3386       }
3387     }
3388 
3389     return(parse_each_vm_init_arg(&vm_args, scp_p, scp_assembly_required_p, Flag::ENVIRON_VAR));
3390   }
3391   return JNI_OK;
3392 }
3393 
3394 void Arguments::set_shared_spaces_flags() {
3395   if (DumpSharedSpaces) {
3396     if (RequireSharedSpaces) {
3397       warning("cannot dump shared archive while using shared archive");
3398     }
3399     UseSharedSpaces = false;
3400 #ifdef _LP64
3401     if (!UseCompressedOops || !UseCompressedClassPointers) {
3402       vm_exit_during_initialization(
3403         "Cannot dump shared archive when UseCompressedOops or UseCompressedClassPointers is off.", NULL);
3404     }
3405   } else {
3406     // UseCompressedOops and UseCompressedClassPointers must be on for UseSharedSpaces.
3407     if (!UseCompressedOops || !UseCompressedClassPointers) {
3408       no_shared_spaces();
3409     }
3410 #endif
3411   }
3412 }
3413 
3414 #if !INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
3415 static void force_serial_gc() {
3416   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseSerialGC, true);
3417   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(CMSIncrementalMode, false);  // special CMS suboption
3418   UNSUPPORTED_GC_OPTION(UseG1GC);
3419   UNSUPPORTED_GC_OPTION(UseParallelGC);
3420   UNSUPPORTED_GC_OPTION(UseParallelOldGC);
3421   UNSUPPORTED_GC_OPTION(UseConcMarkSweepGC);
3422   UNSUPPORTED_GC_OPTION(UseParNewGC);
3423 }
3424 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
3425 
3426 // Sharing support
3427 // Construct the path to the archive
3428 static char* get_shared_archive_path() {
3429   char *shared_archive_path;
3430   if (SharedArchiveFile == NULL) {
3431     char jvm_path[JVM_MAXPATHLEN];
3432     os::jvm_path(jvm_path, sizeof(jvm_path));
3433     char *end = strrchr(jvm_path, *os::file_separator());
3434     if (end != NULL) *end = '\0';
3435     size_t jvm_path_len = strlen(jvm_path);
3436     size_t file_sep_len = strlen(os::file_separator());
3437     shared_archive_path = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, jvm_path_len +
3438         file_sep_len + 20, mtInternal);
3439     if (shared_archive_path != NULL) {
3440       strncpy(shared_archive_path, jvm_path, jvm_path_len + 1);
3441       strncat(shared_archive_path, os::file_separator(), file_sep_len);
3442       strncat(shared_archive_path, "classes.jsa", 11);
3443     }
3444   } else {
3445     shared_archive_path = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, strlen(SharedArchiveFile) + 1, mtInternal);
3446     if (shared_archive_path != NULL) {
3447       strncpy(shared_archive_path, SharedArchiveFile, strlen(SharedArchiveFile) + 1);
3448     }
3449   }
3450   return shared_archive_path;
3451 }
3452 
3453 #ifndef PRODUCT
3454 // Determine whether LogVMOutput should be implicitly turned on.
3455 static bool use_vm_log() {
3456   if (LogCompilation || !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(LogFile) ||
3457       PrintCompilation || PrintInlining || PrintDependencies || PrintNativeNMethods ||
3458       PrintDebugInfo || PrintRelocations || PrintNMethods || PrintExceptionHandlers ||
3459       PrintAssembly || TraceDeoptimization || TraceDependencies ||
3460       (VerifyDependencies && FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(VerifyDependencies))) {
3461     return true;
3462   }
3463 
3464 #ifdef COMPILER1
3465   if (PrintC1Statistics) {
3466     return true;
3467   }
3468 #endif // COMPILER1
3469 
3470 #ifdef COMPILER2
3471   if (PrintOptoAssembly || PrintOptoStatistics) {
3472     return true;
3473   }
3474 #endif // COMPILER2
3475 
3476   return false;
3477 }
3478 #endif // PRODUCT
3479 
3480 // Parse entry point called from JNI_CreateJavaVM
3481 
3482 jint Arguments::parse(const JavaVMInitArgs* args) {
3483 
3484   // Remaining part of option string
3485   const char* tail;
3486 
3487   // If flag "-XX:Flags=flags-file" is used it will be the first option to be processed.
3488   const char* hotspotrc = ".hotspotrc";
3489   bool settings_file_specified = false;
3490   bool needs_hotspotrc_warning = false;
3491 
3492   const char* flags_file;
3493   int index;
3494   for (index = 0; index < args->nOptions; index++) {
3495     const JavaVMOption *option = args->options + index;
3496     if (match_option(option, "-XX:Flags=", &tail)) {
3497       flags_file = tail;
3498       settings_file_specified = true;
3499     }
3500     if (match_option(option, "-XX:+PrintVMOptions", &tail)) {
3501       PrintVMOptions = true;
3502     }
3503     if (match_option(option, "-XX:-PrintVMOptions", &tail)) {
3504       PrintVMOptions = false;
3505     }
3506     if (match_option(option, "-XX:+IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions", &tail)) {
3507       IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions = true;
3508     }
3509     if (match_option(option, "-XX:-IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions", &tail)) {
3510       IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions = false;
3511     }
3512     if (match_option(option, "-XX:+PrintFlagsInitial", &tail)) {
3513       CommandLineFlags::printFlags(tty, false);
3514       vm_exit(0);
3515     }
3516     if (match_option(option, "-XX:NativeMemoryTracking", &tail)) {
3517 #if INCLUDE_NMT
3518       MemTracker::init_tracking_options(tail);
3519 #else
3520       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3521         "Native Memory Tracking is not supported in this VM\n");
3522       return JNI_ERR;
3523 #endif
3524     }
3525 
3526 
3527 #ifndef PRODUCT
3528     if (match_option(option, "-XX:+PrintFlagsWithComments", &tail)) {
3529       CommandLineFlags::printFlags(tty, true);
3530       vm_exit(0);
3531     }
3532 #endif
3533   }
3534 
3535   if (IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions) {
3536     // uncast const to modify the flag args->ignoreUnrecognized
3537     *(jboolean*)(&args->ignoreUnrecognized) = true;
3538   }
3539 
3540   // Parse specified settings file
3541   if (settings_file_specified) {
3542     if (!process_settings_file(flags_file, true, args->ignoreUnrecognized)) {
3543       return JNI_EINVAL;
3544     }
3545   } else {
3546 #ifdef ASSERT
3547     // Parse default .hotspotrc settings file
3548     if (!process_settings_file(".hotspotrc", false, args->ignoreUnrecognized)) {
3549       return JNI_EINVAL;
3550     }
3551 #else
3552     struct stat buf;
3553     if (os::stat(hotspotrc, &buf) == 0) {
3554       needs_hotspotrc_warning = true;
3555     }
3556 #endif
3557   }
3558 
3559   if (PrintVMOptions) {
3560     for (index = 0; index < args->nOptions; index++) {
3561       const JavaVMOption *option = args->options + index;
3562       if (match_option(option, "-XX:", &tail)) {
3563         logOption(tail);
3564       }
3565     }
3566   }
3567 
3568   // Parse JavaVMInitArgs structure passed in, as well as JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS and _JAVA_OPTIONS
3569   jint result = parse_vm_init_args(args);
3570   if (result != JNI_OK) {
3571     return result;
3572   }
3573 
3574   // Call get_shared_archive_path() here, after possible SharedArchiveFile option got parsed.
3575   SharedArchivePath = get_shared_archive_path();
3576   if (SharedArchivePath == NULL) {
3577     return JNI_ENOMEM;
3578   }
3579 
3580   // Delay warning until here so that we've had a chance to process
3581   // the -XX:-PrintWarnings flag
3582   if (needs_hotspotrc_warning) {
3583     warning("%s file is present but has been ignored.  "
3584             "Run with -XX:Flags=%s to load the file.",
3585             hotspotrc, hotspotrc);
3586   }
3587 
3588 #ifdef _ALLBSD_SOURCE  // UseLargePages is not yet supported on BSD.
3589   UNSUPPORTED_OPTION(UseLargePages, "-XX:+UseLargePages");
3590 #endif
3591 
3592 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
3593   #if (defined JAVASE_EMBEDDED || defined ARM)
3594     UNSUPPORTED_OPTION(UseG1GC, "G1 GC");
3595   #endif
3596 #endif
3597 
3598 #ifndef PRODUCT
3599   if (TraceBytecodesAt != 0) {
3600     TraceBytecodes = true;
3601   }
3602   if (CountCompiledCalls) {
3603     if (UseCounterDecay) {
3604       warning("UseCounterDecay disabled because CountCalls is set");
3605       UseCounterDecay = false;
3606     }
3607   }
3608 #endif // PRODUCT
3609 
3610   // JSR 292 is not supported before 1.7
3611   if (!JDK_Version::is_gte_jdk17x_version()) {
3612     if (EnableInvokeDynamic) {
3613       if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(EnableInvokeDynamic)) {
3614         warning("JSR 292 is not supported before 1.7.  Disabling support.");
3615       }
3616       EnableInvokeDynamic = false;
3617     }
3618   }
3619 
3620   if (EnableInvokeDynamic && ScavengeRootsInCode == 0) {
3621     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ScavengeRootsInCode)) {
3622       warning("forcing ScavengeRootsInCode non-zero because EnableInvokeDynamic is true");
3623     }
3624     ScavengeRootsInCode = 1;
3625   }
3626 
3627   if (PrintGCDetails) {
3628     // Turn on -verbose:gc options as well
3629     PrintGC = true;
3630   }
3631 
3632   if (!JDK_Version::is_gte_jdk18x_version()) {
3633     // To avoid changing the log format for 7 updates this flag is only
3634     // true by default in JDK8 and above.
3635     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(PrintGCCause)) {
3636       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(PrintGCCause, false);
3637     }
3638   }
3639 
3640   // Set object alignment values.
3641   set_object_alignment();
3642 
3643 #if !INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
3644   force_serial_gc();
3645 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
3646 #if !INCLUDE_CDS
3647   if (DumpSharedSpaces || RequireSharedSpaces) {
3648     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3649       "Shared spaces are not supported in this VM\n");
3650     return JNI_ERR;
3651   }
3652   if ((UseSharedSpaces && FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(UseSharedSpaces)) || PrintSharedSpaces) {
3653     warning("Shared spaces are not supported in this VM");
3654     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseSharedSpaces, false);
3655     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(PrintSharedSpaces, false);
3656   }
3657   no_shared_spaces();
3658 #endif // INCLUDE_CDS
3659 
3660   return JNI_OK;
3661 }
3662 
3663 jint Arguments::apply_ergo() {
3664 
3665   // Set flags based on ergonomics.
3666   set_ergonomics_flags();
3667 
3668   set_shared_spaces_flags();
3669 
3670   // Check the GC selections again.
3671   if (!check_gc_consistency()) {
3672     return JNI_EINVAL;
3673   }
3674 
3675   if (TieredCompilation) {
3676     set_tiered_flags();
3677   } else {
3678     // Check if the policy is valid. Policies 0 and 1 are valid for non-tiered setup.
3679     if (CompilationPolicyChoice >= 2) {
3680       vm_exit_during_initialization(
3681         "Incompatible compilation policy selected", NULL);
3682     }
3683   }
3684   // Set NmethodSweepFraction after the size of the code cache is adapted (in case of tiered)
3685   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NmethodSweepFraction)) {
3686     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(NmethodSweepFraction, 1 + ReservedCodeCacheSize / (16 * M));
3687   }
3688 
3689 
3690   // Set heap size based on available physical memory
3691   set_heap_size();
3692 
3693 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
3694   // Set per-collector flags
3695   if (UseParallelGC || UseParallelOldGC) {
3696     set_parallel_gc_flags();
3697   } else if (UseConcMarkSweepGC) { // Should be done before ParNew check below
3698     set_cms_and_parnew_gc_flags();
3699   } else if (UseParNewGC) {  // Skipped if CMS is set above
3700     set_parnew_gc_flags();
3701   } else if (UseG1GC) {
3702     set_g1_gc_flags();
3703   }
3704   check_deprecated_gcs();
3705   check_deprecated_gc_flags();
3706   if (AssumeMP && !UseSerialGC) {
3707     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads) && ParallelGCThreads == 1) {
3708       warning("If the number of processors is expected to increase from one, then"
3709               " you should configure the number of parallel GC threads appropriately"
3710               " using -XX:ParallelGCThreads=N");
3711     }
3712   }
3713   if (MinHeapFreeRatio == 100) {
3714     // Keeping the heap 100% free is hard ;-) so limit it to 99%.
3715     FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, MinHeapFreeRatio, 99);
3716   }
3717 #else // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
3718   assert(verify_serial_gc_flags(), "SerialGC unset");
3719 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
3720 
3721   // Initialize Metaspace flags and alignments.
3722   Metaspace::ergo_initialize();
3723 
3724   // Set bytecode rewriting flags
3725   set_bytecode_flags();
3726 
3727   // Set flags if Aggressive optimization flags (-XX:+AggressiveOpts) enabled.
3728   set_aggressive_opts_flags();
3729 
3730   // Turn off biased locking for locking debug mode flags,
3731   // which are subtlely different from each other but neither works with
3732   // biased locking.
3733   if (UseHeavyMonitors
3734 #ifdef COMPILER1
3735       || !UseFastLocking
3736 #endif // COMPILER1
3737     ) {
3738     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseBiasedLocking) && UseBiasedLocking) {
3739       // flag set to true on command line; warn the user that they
3740       // can't enable biased locking here
3741       warning("Biased Locking is not supported with locking debug flags"
3742               "; ignoring UseBiasedLocking flag." );
3743     }
3744     UseBiasedLocking = false;
3745   }
3746 
3747 #ifdef ZERO
3748   // Clear flags not supported on zero.
3749   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ProfileInterpreter, false);
3750   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseBiasedLocking, false);
3751   LP64_ONLY(FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedOops, false));
3752   LP64_ONLY(FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedClassPointers, false));
3753 #endif // CC_INTERP
3754 
3755 #ifdef COMPILER2
3756   if (!EliminateLocks) {
3757     EliminateNestedLocks = false;
3758   }
3759   if (!Inline) {
3760     IncrementalInline = false;
3761   }
3762 #ifndef PRODUCT
3763   if (!IncrementalInline) {
3764     AlwaysIncrementalInline = false;
3765   }
3766 #endif
3767   if (IncrementalInline && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxNodeLimit)) {
3768     // incremental inlining: bump MaxNodeLimit
3769     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MaxNodeLimit, (intx)75000);
3770   }
3771   if (!UseTypeSpeculation && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(TypeProfileLevel)) {
3772     // nothing to use the profiling, turn if off
3773     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(TypeProfileLevel, 0);
3774   }
3775   if (UseTypeSpeculation && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ReplaceInParentMaps)) {
3776     // Doing the replace in parent maps helps speculation
3777     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ReplaceInParentMaps, true);
3778   }
3779 #endif
3780 
3781   if (PrintAssembly && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(DebugNonSafepoints)) {
3782     warning("PrintAssembly is enabled; turning on DebugNonSafepoints to gain additional output");
3783     DebugNonSafepoints = true;
3784   }
3785 
3786   if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(CompressedClassSpaceSize) && !UseCompressedClassPointers) {
3787     warning("Setting CompressedClassSpaceSize has no effect when compressed class pointers are not used");
3788   }
3789 
3790 #ifndef PRODUCT
3791   if (CompileTheWorld) {
3792     // Force NmethodSweeper to sweep whole CodeCache each time.
3793     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NmethodSweepFraction)) {
3794       NmethodSweepFraction = 1;
3795     }
3796   }
3797 
3798   if (!LogVMOutput && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(LogVMOutput)) {
3799     if (use_vm_log()) {
3800       LogVMOutput = true;
3801     }
3802   }
3803 #endif // PRODUCT
3804 
3805   if (PrintCommandLineFlags) {
3806     CommandLineFlags::printSetFlags(tty);
3807   }
3808 
3809   // Apply CPU specific policy for the BiasedLocking
3810   if (UseBiasedLocking) {
3811     if (!VM_Version::use_biased_locking() &&
3812         !(FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(UseBiasedLocking))) {
3813       UseBiasedLocking = false;
3814     }
3815   }
3816 #ifdef COMPILER2
3817   if (!UseBiasedLocking || EmitSync != 0) {
3818     UseOptoBiasInlining = false;
3819   }
3820 #endif
3821 
3822   // set PauseAtExit if the gamma launcher was used and a debugger is attached
3823   // but only if not already set on the commandline
3824   if (Arguments::created_by_gamma_launcher() && os::is_debugger_attached()) {
3825     bool set = false;
3826     CommandLineFlags::wasSetOnCmdline("PauseAtExit", &set);
3827     if (!set) {
3828       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(PauseAtExit, true);
3829     }
3830   }
3831 
3832   return JNI_OK;
3833 }
3834 
3835 jint Arguments::adjust_after_os() {
3836 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
3837   if (UseParallelGC || UseParallelOldGC) {
3838     if (UseNUMA) {
3839       if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MinHeapDeltaBytes)) {
3840         FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MinHeapDeltaBytes, 64*M);
3841       }
3842       // For those collectors or operating systems (eg, Windows) that do
3843       // not support full UseNUMA, we will map to UseNUMAInterleaving for now
3844       UseNUMAInterleaving = true;
3845     }
3846   }
3847 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
3848   return JNI_OK;
3849 }
3850 
3851 int Arguments::PropertyList_count(SystemProperty* pl) {
3852   int count = 0;
3853   while(pl != NULL) {
3854     count++;
3855     pl = pl->next();
3856   }
3857   return count;
3858 }
3859 
3860 const char* Arguments::PropertyList_get_value(SystemProperty *pl, const char* key) {
3861   assert(key != NULL, "just checking");
3862   SystemProperty* prop;
3863   for (prop = pl; prop != NULL; prop = prop->next()) {
3864     if (strcmp(key, prop->key()) == 0) return prop->value();
3865   }
3866   return NULL;
3867 }
3868 
3869 const char* Arguments::PropertyList_get_key_at(SystemProperty *pl, int index) {
3870   int count = 0;
3871   const char* ret_val = NULL;
3872 
3873   while(pl != NULL) {
3874     if(count >= index) {
3875       ret_val = pl->key();
3876       break;
3877     }
3878     count++;
3879     pl = pl->next();
3880   }
3881 
3882   return ret_val;
3883 }
3884 
3885 char* Arguments::PropertyList_get_value_at(SystemProperty* pl, int index) {
3886   int count = 0;
3887   char* ret_val = NULL;
3888 
3889   while(pl != NULL) {
3890     if(count >= index) {
3891       ret_val = pl->value();
3892       break;
3893     }
3894     count++;
3895     pl = pl->next();
3896   }
3897 
3898   return ret_val;
3899 }
3900 
3901 void Arguments::PropertyList_add(SystemProperty** plist, SystemProperty *new_p) {
3902   SystemProperty* p = *plist;
3903   if (p == NULL) {
3904     *plist = new_p;
3905   } else {
3906     while (p->next() != NULL) {
3907       p = p->next();
3908     }
3909     p->set_next(new_p);
3910   }
3911 }
3912 
3913 void Arguments::PropertyList_add(SystemProperty** plist, const char* k, char* v) {
3914   if (plist == NULL)
3915     return;
3916 
3917   SystemProperty* new_p = new SystemProperty(k, v, true);
3918   PropertyList_add(plist, new_p);
3919 }
3920 
3921 // This add maintains unique property key in the list.
3922 void Arguments::PropertyList_unique_add(SystemProperty** plist, const char* k, char* v, jboolean append) {
3923   if (plist == NULL)
3924     return;
3925 
3926   // If property key exist then update with new value.
3927   SystemProperty* prop;
3928   for (prop = *plist; prop != NULL; prop = prop->next()) {
3929     if (strcmp(k, prop->key()) == 0) {
3930       if (append) {
3931         prop->append_value(v);
3932       } else {
3933         prop->set_value(v);
3934       }
3935       return;
3936     }
3937   }
3938 
3939   PropertyList_add(plist, k, v);
3940 }
3941 
3942 // Copies src into buf, replacing "%%" with "%" and "%p" with pid
3943 // Returns true if all of the source pointed by src has been copied over to
3944 // the destination buffer pointed by buf. Otherwise, returns false.
3945 // Notes:
3946 // 1. If the length (buflen) of the destination buffer excluding the
3947 // NULL terminator character is not long enough for holding the expanded
3948 // pid characters, it also returns false instead of returning the partially
3949 // expanded one.
3950 // 2. The passed in "buflen" should be large enough to hold the null terminator.
3951 bool Arguments::copy_expand_pid(const char* src, size_t srclen,
3952                                 char* buf, size_t buflen) {
3953   const char* p = src;
3954   char* b = buf;
3955   const char* src_end = &src[srclen];
3956   char* buf_end = &buf[buflen - 1];
3957 
3958   while (p < src_end && b < buf_end) {
3959     if (*p == '%') {
3960       switch (*(++p)) {
3961       case '%':         // "%%" ==> "%"
3962         *b++ = *p++;
3963         break;
3964       case 'p':  {       //  "%p" ==> current process id
3965         // buf_end points to the character before the last character so
3966         // that we could write '\0' to the end of the buffer.
3967         size_t buf_sz = buf_end - b + 1;
3968         int ret = jio_snprintf(b, buf_sz, "%d", os::current_process_id());
3969 
3970         // if jio_snprintf fails or the buffer is not long enough to hold
3971         // the expanded pid, returns false.
3972         if (ret < 0 || ret >= (int)buf_sz) {
3973           return false;
3974         } else {
3975           b += ret;
3976           assert(*b == '\0', "fail in copy_expand_pid");
3977           if (p == src_end && b == buf_end + 1) {
3978             // reach the end of the buffer.
3979             return true;
3980           }
3981         }
3982         p++;
3983         break;
3984       }
3985       default :
3986         *b++ = '%';
3987       }
3988     } else {
3989       *b++ = *p++;
3990     }
3991   }
3992   *b = '\0';
3993   return (p == src_end); // return false if not all of the source was copied
3994 }