1 /*
2 * Copyright (c) 1999, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
3 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
4 *
5 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
6 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
7 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
8 *
9 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
10 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
11 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
12 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
13 * accompanied this code).
14 *
15 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
16 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
17 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
18 *
19 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
20 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
21 * questions.
22 *
23 */
24
25 #include "precompiled.hpp"
26 #include "ci/ciCallProfile.hpp"
27 #include "ci/ciExceptionHandler.hpp"
28 #include "ci/ciInstanceKlass.hpp"
29 #include "ci/ciMethod.hpp"
30 #include "ci/ciMethodBlocks.hpp"
31 #include "ci/ciMethodData.hpp"
32 #include "ci/ciStreams.hpp"
33 #include "ci/ciSymbol.hpp"
34 #include "ci/ciReplay.hpp"
35 #include "ci/ciUtilities.hpp"
36 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
37 #include "compiler/abstractCompiler.hpp"
38 #include "compiler/compilerOracle.hpp"
39 #include "compiler/methodLiveness.hpp"
40 #include "interpreter/interpreter.hpp"
41 #include "interpreter/linkResolver.hpp"
42 #include "interpreter/oopMapCache.hpp"
43 #include "memory/allocation.inline.hpp"
44 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
45 #include "oops/generateOopMap.hpp"
46 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
47 #include "prims/nativeLookup.hpp"
48 #include "runtime/deoptimization.hpp"
49 #include "utilities/bitMap.inline.hpp"
50 #include "utilities/xmlstream.hpp"
51 #ifdef COMPILER2
52 #include "ci/bcEscapeAnalyzer.hpp"
53 #include "ci/ciTypeFlow.hpp"
54 #include "oops/method.hpp"
55 #endif
56 #ifdef SHARK
57 #include "ci/ciTypeFlow.hpp"
58 #include "oops/method.hpp"
59 #endif
60
61 // ciMethod
62 //
63 // This class represents a Method* in the HotSpot virtual
64 // machine.
65
66
67 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
68 // ciMethod::ciMethod
69 //
70 // Loaded method.
71 ciMethod::ciMethod(methodHandle h_m) : ciMetadata(h_m()) {
72 assert(h_m() != NULL, "no null method");
73
74 // These fields are always filled in in loaded methods.
75 _flags = ciFlags(h_m()->access_flags());
76
77 // Easy to compute, so fill them in now.
78 _max_stack = h_m()->max_stack();
79 _max_locals = h_m()->max_locals();
80 _code_size = h_m()->code_size();
81 _intrinsic_id = h_m()->intrinsic_id();
82 _handler_count = h_m()->exception_table_length();
83 _uses_monitors = h_m()->access_flags().has_monitor_bytecodes();
84 _balanced_monitors = !_uses_monitors || h_m()->access_flags().is_monitor_matching();
85 _is_c1_compilable = !h_m()->is_not_c1_compilable();
86 _is_c2_compilable = !h_m()->is_not_c2_compilable();
87 // Lazy fields, filled in on demand. Require allocation.
88 _code = NULL;
89 _exception_handlers = NULL;
90 _liveness = NULL;
91 _method_blocks = NULL;
92 #if defined(COMPILER2) || defined(SHARK)
93 _flow = NULL;
94 _bcea = NULL;
95 #endif // COMPILER2 || SHARK
96
97 ciEnv *env = CURRENT_ENV;
98 if (env->jvmti_can_hotswap_or_post_breakpoint() && can_be_compiled()) {
99 // 6328518 check hotswap conditions under the right lock.
100 MutexLocker locker(Compile_lock);
101 if (Dependencies::check_evol_method(h_m()) != NULL) {
102 _is_c1_compilable = false;
103 _is_c2_compilable = false;
104 }
105 } else {
106 CHECK_UNHANDLED_OOPS_ONLY(Thread::current()->clear_unhandled_oops());
107 }
108
109 if (h_m()->method_holder()->is_linked()) {
110 _can_be_statically_bound = h_m()->can_be_statically_bound();
111 } else {
112 // Have to use a conservative value in this case.
113 _can_be_statically_bound = false;
114 }
115
116 // Adjust the definition of this condition to be more useful:
117 // %%% take these conditions into account in vtable generation
118 if (!_can_be_statically_bound && h_m()->is_private())
119 _can_be_statically_bound = true;
120 if (_can_be_statically_bound && h_m()->is_abstract())
121 _can_be_statically_bound = false;
122
123 // generating _signature may allow GC and therefore move m.
124 // These fields are always filled in.
125 _name = env->get_symbol(h_m()->name());
126 _holder = env->get_instance_klass(h_m()->method_holder());
127 ciSymbol* sig_symbol = env->get_symbol(h_m()->signature());
128 constantPoolHandle cpool = h_m()->constants();
129 _signature = new (env->arena()) ciSignature(_holder, cpool, sig_symbol);
130 _method_data = NULL;
131 // Take a snapshot of these values, so they will be commensurate with the MDO.
132 if (ProfileInterpreter || TieredCompilation) {
133 int invcnt = h_m()->interpreter_invocation_count();
134 // if the value overflowed report it as max int
135 _interpreter_invocation_count = invcnt < 0 ? max_jint : invcnt ;
136 _interpreter_throwout_count = h_m()->interpreter_throwout_count();
137 } else {
138 _interpreter_invocation_count = 0;
139 _interpreter_throwout_count = 0;
140 }
141 if (_interpreter_invocation_count == 0)
142 _interpreter_invocation_count = 1;
143 _instructions_size = -1;
144 #ifdef ASSERT
145 if (ReplayCompiles) {
146 ciReplay::initialize(this);
147 }
148 #endif
149 }
150
151
152 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
153 // ciMethod::ciMethod
154 //
155 // Unloaded method.
156 ciMethod::ciMethod(ciInstanceKlass* holder,
157 ciSymbol* name,
158 ciSymbol* signature,
159 ciInstanceKlass* accessor) :
160 ciMetadata((Metadata*)NULL),
161 _name( name),
162 _holder( holder),
163 _intrinsic_id( vmIntrinsics::_none),
164 _liveness( NULL),
165 _can_be_statically_bound(false),
166 _method_blocks( NULL),
167 _method_data( NULL)
168 #if defined(COMPILER2) || defined(SHARK)
169 ,
170 _flow( NULL),
171 _bcea( NULL),
172 _instructions_size(-1)
173 #endif // COMPILER2 || SHARK
174 {
175 // Usually holder and accessor are the same type but in some cases
176 // the holder has the wrong class loader (e.g. invokedynamic call
177 // sites) so we pass the accessor.
178 _signature = new (CURRENT_ENV->arena()) ciSignature(accessor, constantPoolHandle(), signature);
179 }
180
181
182 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
183 // ciMethod::load_code
184 //
185 // Load the bytecodes and exception handler table for this method.
186 void ciMethod::load_code() {
187 VM_ENTRY_MARK;
188 assert(is_loaded(), "only loaded methods have code");
189
190 Method* me = get_Method();
191 Arena* arena = CURRENT_THREAD_ENV->arena();
192
193 // Load the bytecodes.
194 _code = (address)arena->Amalloc(code_size());
195 memcpy(_code, me->code_base(), code_size());
196
197 // Revert any breakpoint bytecodes in ci's copy
198 if (me->number_of_breakpoints() > 0) {
199 BreakpointInfo* bp = me->method_holder()->breakpoints();
200 for (; bp != NULL; bp = bp->next()) {
201 if (bp->match(me)) {
202 code_at_put(bp->bci(), bp->orig_bytecode());
203 }
204 }
205 }
206
207 // And load the exception table.
208 ExceptionTable exc_table(me);
209
210 // Allocate one extra spot in our list of exceptions. This
211 // last entry will be used to represent the possibility that
212 // an exception escapes the method. See ciExceptionHandlerStream
213 // for details.
214 _exception_handlers =
215 (ciExceptionHandler**)arena->Amalloc(sizeof(ciExceptionHandler*)
216 * (_handler_count + 1));
217 if (_handler_count > 0) {
218 for (int i=0; i<_handler_count; i++) {
219 _exception_handlers[i] = new (arena) ciExceptionHandler(
220 holder(),
221 /* start */ exc_table.start_pc(i),
222 /* limit */ exc_table.end_pc(i),
223 /* goto pc */ exc_table.handler_pc(i),
224 /* cp index */ exc_table.catch_type_index(i));
225 }
226 }
227
228 // Put an entry at the end of our list to represent the possibility
229 // of exceptional exit.
230 _exception_handlers[_handler_count] =
231 new (arena) ciExceptionHandler(holder(), 0, code_size(), -1, 0);
232
233 if (CIPrintMethodCodes) {
234 print_codes();
235 }
236 }
237
238
239 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
240 // ciMethod::has_linenumber_table
241 //
242 // length unknown until decompression
243 bool ciMethod::has_linenumber_table() const {
244 check_is_loaded();
245 VM_ENTRY_MARK;
246 return get_Method()->has_linenumber_table();
247 }
248
249
250 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
251 // ciMethod::compressed_linenumber_table
252 u_char* ciMethod::compressed_linenumber_table() const {
253 check_is_loaded();
254 VM_ENTRY_MARK;
255 return get_Method()->compressed_linenumber_table();
256 }
257
258
259 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
260 // ciMethod::line_number_from_bci
261 int ciMethod::line_number_from_bci(int bci) const {
262 check_is_loaded();
263 VM_ENTRY_MARK;
264 return get_Method()->line_number_from_bci(bci);
265 }
266
267
268 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
269 // ciMethod::vtable_index
270 //
271 // Get the position of this method's entry in the vtable, if any.
272 int ciMethod::vtable_index() {
273 check_is_loaded();
274 assert(holder()->is_linked(), "must be linked");
275 VM_ENTRY_MARK;
276 return get_Method()->vtable_index();
277 }
278
279
280 #ifdef SHARK
281 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
282 // ciMethod::itable_index
283 //
284 // Get the position of this method's entry in the itable, if any.
285 int ciMethod::itable_index() {
286 check_is_loaded();
287 assert(holder()->is_linked(), "must be linked");
288 VM_ENTRY_MARK;
289 Method* m = get_Method();
290 if (!m->has_itable_index())
291 return Method::nonvirtual_vtable_index;
292 return m->itable_index();
293 }
294 #endif // SHARK
295
296
297 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
298 // ciMethod::native_entry
299 //
300 // Get the address of this method's native code, if any.
301 address ciMethod::native_entry() {
302 check_is_loaded();
303 assert(flags().is_native(), "must be native method");
304 VM_ENTRY_MARK;
305 Method* method = get_Method();
306 address entry = method->native_function();
307 assert(entry != NULL, "must be valid entry point");
308 return entry;
309 }
310
311
312 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
313 // ciMethod::interpreter_entry
314 //
315 // Get the entry point for running this method in the interpreter.
316 address ciMethod::interpreter_entry() {
317 check_is_loaded();
318 VM_ENTRY_MARK;
319 methodHandle mh(THREAD, get_Method());
320 return Interpreter::entry_for_method(mh);
321 }
322
323
324 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
325 // ciMethod::uses_balanced_monitors
326 //
327 // Does this method use monitors in a strict stack-disciplined manner?
328 bool ciMethod::has_balanced_monitors() {
329 check_is_loaded();
330 if (_balanced_monitors) return true;
331
332 // Analyze the method to see if monitors are used properly.
333 VM_ENTRY_MARK;
334 methodHandle method(THREAD, get_Method());
335 assert(method->has_monitor_bytecodes(), "should have checked this");
336
337 // Check to see if a previous compilation computed the
338 // monitor-matching analysis.
339 if (method->guaranteed_monitor_matching()) {
340 _balanced_monitors = true;
341 return true;
342 }
343
344 {
345 EXCEPTION_MARK;
346 ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
347 GeneratePairingInfo gpi(method);
348 gpi.compute_map(CATCH);
349 if (!gpi.monitor_safe()) {
350 return false;
351 }
352 method->set_guaranteed_monitor_matching();
353 _balanced_monitors = true;
354 }
355 return true;
356 }
357
358
359 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
360 // ciMethod::get_flow_analysis
361 ciTypeFlow* ciMethod::get_flow_analysis() {
362 #if defined(COMPILER2) || defined(SHARK)
363 if (_flow == NULL) {
364 ciEnv* env = CURRENT_ENV;
365 _flow = new (env->arena()) ciTypeFlow(env, this);
366 _flow->do_flow();
367 }
368 return _flow;
369 #else // COMPILER2 || SHARK
370 ShouldNotReachHere();
371 return NULL;
372 #endif // COMPILER2 || SHARK
373 }
374
375
376 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
377 // ciMethod::get_osr_flow_analysis
378 ciTypeFlow* ciMethod::get_osr_flow_analysis(int osr_bci) {
379 #if defined(COMPILER2) || defined(SHARK)
380 // OSR entry points are always place after a call bytecode of some sort
381 assert(osr_bci >= 0, "must supply valid OSR entry point");
382 ciEnv* env = CURRENT_ENV;
383 ciTypeFlow* flow = new (env->arena()) ciTypeFlow(env, this, osr_bci);
384 flow->do_flow();
385 return flow;
386 #else // COMPILER2 || SHARK
387 ShouldNotReachHere();
388 return NULL;
389 #endif // COMPILER2 || SHARK
390 }
391
392 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
393 // ciMethod::raw_liveness_at_bci
394 //
395 // Which local variables are live at a specific bci?
396 MethodLivenessResult ciMethod::raw_liveness_at_bci(int bci) {
397 check_is_loaded();
398 if (_liveness == NULL) {
399 // Create the liveness analyzer.
400 Arena* arena = CURRENT_ENV->arena();
401 _liveness = new (arena) MethodLiveness(arena, this);
402 _liveness->compute_liveness();
403 }
404 return _liveness->get_liveness_at(bci);
405 }
406
407 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
408 // ciMethod::liveness_at_bci
409 //
410 // Which local variables are live at a specific bci? When debugging
411 // will return true for all locals in some cases to improve debug
412 // information.
413 MethodLivenessResult ciMethod::liveness_at_bci(int bci) {
414 MethodLivenessResult result = raw_liveness_at_bci(bci);
415 if (CURRENT_ENV->jvmti_can_access_local_variables() || DeoptimizeALot || CompileTheWorld) {
416 // Keep all locals live for the user's edification and amusement.
417 result.at_put_range(0, result.size(), true);
418 }
419 return result;
420 }
421
422 // ciMethod::live_local_oops_at_bci
423 //
424 // find all the live oops in the locals array for a particular bci
425 // Compute what the interpreter believes by using the interpreter
426 // oopmap generator. This is used as a double check during osr to
427 // guard against conservative result from MethodLiveness making us
428 // think a dead oop is live. MethodLiveness is conservative in the
429 // sense that it may consider locals to be live which cannot be live,
430 // like in the case where a local could contain an oop or a primitive
431 // along different paths. In that case the local must be dead when
432 // those paths merge. Since the interpreter's viewpoint is used when
433 // gc'ing an interpreter frame we need to use its viewpoint during
434 // OSR when loading the locals.
435
436 BitMap ciMethod::live_local_oops_at_bci(int bci) {
437 VM_ENTRY_MARK;
438 InterpreterOopMap mask;
439 OopMapCache::compute_one_oop_map(get_Method(), bci, &mask);
440 int mask_size = max_locals();
441 BitMap result(mask_size);
442 result.clear();
443 int i;
444 for (i = 0; i < mask_size ; i++ ) {
445 if (mask.is_oop(i)) result.set_bit(i);
446 }
447 return result;
448 }
449
450
451 #ifdef COMPILER1
452 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
453 // ciMethod::bci_block_start
454 //
455 // Marks all bcis where a new basic block starts
456 const BitMap ciMethod::bci_block_start() {
457 check_is_loaded();
458 if (_liveness == NULL) {
459 // Create the liveness analyzer.
460 Arena* arena = CURRENT_ENV->arena();
461 _liveness = new (arena) MethodLiveness(arena, this);
462 _liveness->compute_liveness();
463 }
464
465 return _liveness->get_bci_block_start();
466 }
467 #endif // COMPILER1
468
469
470 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
471 // ciMethod::call_profile_at_bci
472 //
473 // Get the ciCallProfile for the invocation of this method.
474 // Also reports receiver types for non-call type checks (if TypeProfileCasts).
475 ciCallProfile ciMethod::call_profile_at_bci(int bci) {
476 ResourceMark rm;
477 ciCallProfile result;
478 if (method_data() != NULL && method_data()->is_mature()) {
479 ciProfileData* data = method_data()->bci_to_data(bci);
480 if (data != NULL && data->is_CounterData()) {
481 // Every profiled call site has a counter.
482 int count = data->as_CounterData()->count();
483
484 if (!data->is_ReceiverTypeData()) {
485 result._receiver_count[0] = 0; // that's a definite zero
486 } else { // ReceiverTypeData is a subclass of CounterData
487 ciReceiverTypeData* call = (ciReceiverTypeData*)data->as_ReceiverTypeData();
488 // In addition, virtual call sites have receiver type information
489 int receivers_count_total = 0;
490 int morphism = 0;
491 // Precompute morphism for the possible fixup
492 for (uint i = 0; i < call->row_limit(); i++) {
493 ciKlass* receiver = call->receiver(i);
494 if (receiver == NULL) continue;
495 morphism++;
496 }
497 int epsilon = 0;
498 if (TieredCompilation && ProfileInterpreter) {
499 // Interpreter and C1 treat final and special invokes differently.
500 // C1 will record a type, whereas the interpreter will just
501 // increment the count. Detect this case.
502 if (morphism == 1 && count > 0) {
503 epsilon = count;
504 count = 0;
505 }
506 }
507 for (uint i = 0; i < call->row_limit(); i++) {
508 ciKlass* receiver = call->receiver(i);
509 if (receiver == NULL) continue;
510 int rcount = call->receiver_count(i) + epsilon;
511 if (rcount == 0) rcount = 1; // Should be valid value
512 receivers_count_total += rcount;
513 // Add the receiver to result data.
514 result.add_receiver(receiver, rcount);
515 // If we extend profiling to record methods,
516 // we will set result._method also.
517 }
518 // Determine call site's morphism.
519 // The call site count is 0 with known morphism (onlt 1 or 2 receivers)
520 // or < 0 in the case of a type check failured for checkcast, aastore, instanceof.
521 // The call site count is > 0 in the case of a polymorphic virtual call.
522 if (morphism > 0 && morphism == result._limit) {
523 // The morphism <= MorphismLimit.
524 if ((morphism < ciCallProfile::MorphismLimit) ||
525 (morphism == ciCallProfile::MorphismLimit && count == 0)) {
526 #ifdef ASSERT
527 if (count > 0) {
528 this->print_short_name(tty);
529 tty->print_cr(" @ bci:%d", bci);
530 this->print_codes();
531 assert(false, "this call site should not be polymorphic");
532 }
533 #endif
534 result._morphism = morphism;
535 }
536 }
537 // Make the count consistent if this is a call profile. If count is
538 // zero or less, presume that this is a typecheck profile and
539 // do nothing. Otherwise, increase count to be the sum of all
540 // receiver's counts.
541 if (count >= 0) {
542 count += receivers_count_total;
543 }
544 }
545 result._count = count;
546 }
547 }
548 return result;
549 }
550
551 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
552 // Add new receiver and sort data by receiver's profile count.
553 void ciCallProfile::add_receiver(ciKlass* receiver, int receiver_count) {
554 // Add new receiver and sort data by receiver's counts when we have space
555 // for it otherwise replace the less called receiver (less called receiver
556 // is placed to the last array element which is not used).
557 // First array's element contains most called receiver.
558 int i = _limit;
559 for (; i > 0 && receiver_count > _receiver_count[i-1]; i--) {
560 _receiver[i] = _receiver[i-1];
561 _receiver_count[i] = _receiver_count[i-1];
562 }
563 _receiver[i] = receiver;
564 _receiver_count[i] = receiver_count;
565 if (_limit < MorphismLimit) _limit++;
566 }
567
568 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
569 // ciMethod::find_monomorphic_target
570 //
571 // Given a certain calling environment, find the monomorphic target
572 // for the call. Return NULL if the call is not monomorphic in
573 // its calling environment, or if there are only abstract methods.
574 // The returned method is never abstract.
575 // Note: If caller uses a non-null result, it must inform dependencies
576 // via assert_unique_concrete_method or assert_leaf_type.
577 ciMethod* ciMethod::find_monomorphic_target(ciInstanceKlass* caller,
578 ciInstanceKlass* callee_holder,
579 ciInstanceKlass* actual_recv) {
580 check_is_loaded();
581
582 if (actual_recv->is_interface()) {
583 // %%% We cannot trust interface types, yet. See bug 6312651.
584 return NULL;
585 }
586
587 ciMethod* root_m = resolve_invoke(caller, actual_recv);
588 if (root_m == NULL) {
589 // Something went wrong looking up the actual receiver method.
590 return NULL;
591 }
592 assert(!root_m->is_abstract(), "resolve_invoke promise");
593
594 // Make certain quick checks even if UseCHA is false.
595
596 // Is it private or final?
597 if (root_m->can_be_statically_bound()) {
598 return root_m;
599 }
600
601 if (actual_recv->is_leaf_type() && actual_recv == root_m->holder()) {
602 // Easy case. There is no other place to put a method, so don't bother
603 // to go through the VM_ENTRY_MARK and all the rest.
604 return root_m;
605 }
606
607 // Array methods (clone, hashCode, etc.) are always statically bound.
608 // If we were to see an array type here, we'd return root_m.
609 // However, this method processes only ciInstanceKlasses. (See 4962591.)
610 // The inline_native_clone intrinsic narrows Object to T[] properly,
611 // so there is no need to do the same job here.
612
613 if (!UseCHA) return NULL;
614
615 VM_ENTRY_MARK;
616
617 methodHandle target;
618 {
619 MutexLocker locker(Compile_lock);
620 Klass* context = actual_recv->get_Klass();
621 target = Dependencies::find_unique_concrete_method(context,
622 root_m->get_Method());
623 // %%% Should upgrade this ciMethod API to look for 1 or 2 concrete methods.
624 }
625
626 #ifndef PRODUCT
627 if (TraceDependencies && target() != NULL && target() != root_m->get_Method()) {
628 tty->print("found a non-root unique target method");
629 tty->print_cr(" context = %s", InstanceKlass::cast(actual_recv->get_Klass())->external_name());
630 tty->print(" method = ");
631 target->print_short_name(tty);
632 tty->cr();
633 }
634 #endif //PRODUCT
635
636 if (target() == NULL) {
637 return NULL;
638 }
639 if (target() == root_m->get_Method()) {
640 return root_m;
641 }
642 if (!root_m->is_public() &&
643 !root_m->is_protected()) {
644 // If we are going to reason about inheritance, it's easiest
645 // if the method in question is public, protected, or private.
646 // If the answer is not root_m, it is conservatively correct
647 // to return NULL, even if the CHA encountered irrelevant
648 // methods in other packages.
649 // %%% TO DO: Work out logic for package-private methods
650 // with the same name but different vtable indexes.
651 return NULL;
652 }
653 return CURRENT_THREAD_ENV->get_method(target());
654 }
655
656 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
657 // ciMethod::resolve_invoke
658 //
659 // Given a known receiver klass, find the target for the call.
660 // Return NULL if the call has no target or the target is abstract.
661 ciMethod* ciMethod::resolve_invoke(ciKlass* caller, ciKlass* exact_receiver) {
662 check_is_loaded();
663 VM_ENTRY_MARK;
664
665 KlassHandle caller_klass (THREAD, caller->get_Klass());
666 KlassHandle h_recv (THREAD, exact_receiver->get_Klass());
667 KlassHandle h_resolved (THREAD, holder()->get_Klass());
668 Symbol* h_name = name()->get_symbol();
669 Symbol* h_signature = signature()->get_symbol();
670
671 methodHandle m;
672 // Only do exact lookup if receiver klass has been linked. Otherwise,
673 // the vtable has not been setup, and the LinkResolver will fail.
674 if (h_recv->oop_is_array()
675 ||
676 InstanceKlass::cast(h_recv())->is_linked() && !exact_receiver->is_interface()) {
677 if (holder()->is_interface()) {
678 m = LinkResolver::resolve_interface_call_or_null(h_recv, h_resolved, h_name, h_signature, caller_klass);
679 } else {
680 m = LinkResolver::resolve_virtual_call_or_null(h_recv, h_resolved, h_name, h_signature, caller_klass);
681 }
682 }
683
684 if (m.is_null()) {
685 // Return NULL only if there was a problem with lookup (uninitialized class, etc.)
686 return NULL;
687 }
688
689 ciMethod* result = this;
690 if (m() != get_Method()) {
691 result = CURRENT_THREAD_ENV->get_method(m());
692 }
693
694 // Don't return abstract methods because they aren't
695 // optimizable or interesting.
696 if (result->is_abstract()) {
697 return NULL;
698 } else {
699 return result;
700 }
701 }
702
703 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
704 // ciMethod::resolve_vtable_index
705 //
706 // Given a known receiver klass, find the vtable index for the call.
707 // Return Method::invalid_vtable_index if the vtable_index is unknown.
708 int ciMethod::resolve_vtable_index(ciKlass* caller, ciKlass* receiver) {
709 check_is_loaded();
710
711 int vtable_index = Method::invalid_vtable_index;
712 // Only do lookup if receiver klass has been linked. Otherwise,
713 // the vtable has not been setup, and the LinkResolver will fail.
714 if (!receiver->is_interface()
715 && (!receiver->is_instance_klass() ||
716 receiver->as_instance_klass()->is_linked())) {
717 VM_ENTRY_MARK;
718
719 KlassHandle caller_klass (THREAD, caller->get_Klass());
720 KlassHandle h_recv (THREAD, receiver->get_Klass());
721 Symbol* h_name = name()->get_symbol();
722 Symbol* h_signature = signature()->get_symbol();
723
724 vtable_index = LinkResolver::resolve_virtual_vtable_index(h_recv, h_recv, h_name, h_signature, caller_klass);
725 if (vtable_index == Method::nonvirtual_vtable_index) {
726 // A statically bound method. Return "no such index".
727 vtable_index = Method::invalid_vtable_index;
728 }
729 }
730
731 return vtable_index;
732 }
733
734 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
735 // ciMethod::interpreter_call_site_count
736 int ciMethod::interpreter_call_site_count(int bci) {
737 if (method_data() != NULL) {
738 ResourceMark rm;
739 ciProfileData* data = method_data()->bci_to_data(bci);
740 if (data != NULL && data->is_CounterData()) {
741 return scale_count(data->as_CounterData()->count());
742 }
743 }
744 return -1; // unknown
745 }
746
747 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
748 // ciMethod::get_field_at_bci
749 ciField* ciMethod::get_field_at_bci(int bci, bool &will_link) {
750 ciBytecodeStream iter(this);
751 iter.reset_to_bci(bci);
752 iter.next();
753 return iter.get_field(will_link);
754 }
755
756 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
757 // ciMethod::get_method_at_bci
758 ciMethod* ciMethod::get_method_at_bci(int bci, bool &will_link, ciSignature* *declared_signature) {
759 ciBytecodeStream iter(this);
760 iter.reset_to_bci(bci);
761 iter.next();
762 return iter.get_method(will_link, declared_signature);
763 }
764
765 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
766 // Adjust a CounterData count to be commensurate with
767 // interpreter_invocation_count. If the MDO exists for
768 // only 25% of the time the method exists, then the
769 // counts in the MDO should be scaled by 4X, so that
770 // they can be usefully and stably compared against the
771 // invocation counts in methods.
772 int ciMethod::scale_count(int count, float prof_factor) {
773 if (count > 0 && method_data() != NULL) {
774 int counter_life;
775 int method_life = interpreter_invocation_count();
776 if (TieredCompilation) {
777 // In tiered the MDO's life is measured directly, so just use the snapshotted counters
778 counter_life = MAX2(method_data()->invocation_count(), method_data()->backedge_count());
779 } else {
780 int current_mileage = method_data()->current_mileage();
781 int creation_mileage = method_data()->creation_mileage();
782 counter_life = current_mileage - creation_mileage;
783 }
784
785 // counter_life due to backedge_counter could be > method_life
786 if (counter_life > method_life)
787 counter_life = method_life;
788 if (0 < counter_life && counter_life <= method_life) {
789 count = (int)((double)count * prof_factor * method_life / counter_life + 0.5);
790 count = (count > 0) ? count : 1;
791 }
792 }
793 return count;
794 }
795
796
797 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
798 // ciMethod::is_special_get_caller_class_method
799 //
800 bool ciMethod::is_ignored_by_security_stack_walk() const {
801 check_is_loaded();
802 VM_ENTRY_MARK;
803 return get_Method()->is_ignored_by_security_stack_walk();
804 }
805
806
807 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
808 // invokedynamic support
809
810 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
811 // ciMethod::is_method_handle_intrinsic
812 //
813 // Return true if the method is an instance of the JVM-generated
814 // signature-polymorphic MethodHandle methods, _invokeBasic, _linkToVirtual, etc.
815 bool ciMethod::is_method_handle_intrinsic() const {
816 vmIntrinsics::ID iid = _intrinsic_id; // do not check if loaded
817 return (MethodHandles::is_signature_polymorphic(iid) &&
818 MethodHandles::is_signature_polymorphic_intrinsic(iid));
819 }
820
821 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
822 // ciMethod::is_compiled_lambda_form
823 //
824 // Return true if the method is a generated MethodHandle adapter.
825 // These are built by Java code.
826 bool ciMethod::is_compiled_lambda_form() const {
827 vmIntrinsics::ID iid = _intrinsic_id; // do not check if loaded
828 return iid == vmIntrinsics::_compiledLambdaForm;
829 }
830
831 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
832 // ciMethod::has_member_arg
833 //
834 // Return true if the method is a linker intrinsic like _linkToVirtual.
835 // These are built by the JVM.
836 bool ciMethod::has_member_arg() const {
837 vmIntrinsics::ID iid = _intrinsic_id; // do not check if loaded
838 return (MethodHandles::is_signature_polymorphic(iid) &&
839 MethodHandles::has_member_arg(iid));
840 }
841
842 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
843 // ciMethod::ensure_method_data
844 //
845 // Generate new MethodData* objects at compile time.
846 // Return true if allocation was successful or no MDO is required.
847 bool ciMethod::ensure_method_data(methodHandle h_m) {
848 EXCEPTION_CONTEXT;
849 if (is_native() || is_abstract() || h_m()->is_accessor()) {
850 return true;
851 }
852 if (h_m()->method_data() == NULL) {
853 Method::build_interpreter_method_data(h_m, THREAD);
854 if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
855 CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
856 }
857 }
858 if (h_m()->method_data() != NULL) {
859 _method_data = CURRENT_ENV->get_method_data(h_m()->method_data());
860 _method_data->load_data();
861 return true;
862 } else {
863 _method_data = CURRENT_ENV->get_empty_methodData();
864 return false;
865 }
866 }
867
868 // public, retroactive version
869 bool ciMethod::ensure_method_data() {
870 bool result = true;
871 if (_method_data == NULL || _method_data->is_empty()) {
872 GUARDED_VM_ENTRY({
873 result = ensure_method_data(get_Method());
874 });
875 }
876 return result;
877 }
878
879
880 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
881 // ciMethod::method_data
882 //
883 ciMethodData* ciMethod::method_data() {
884 if (_method_data != NULL) {
885 return _method_data;
886 }
887 VM_ENTRY_MARK;
888 ciEnv* env = CURRENT_ENV;
889 Thread* my_thread = JavaThread::current();
890 methodHandle h_m(my_thread, get_Method());
891
892 if (h_m()->method_data() != NULL) {
893 _method_data = CURRENT_ENV->get_method_data(h_m()->method_data());
894 _method_data->load_data();
895 } else {
896 _method_data = CURRENT_ENV->get_empty_methodData();
897 }
898 return _method_data;
899
900 }
901
902 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
903 // ciMethod::method_data_or_null
904 // Returns a pointer to ciMethodData if MDO exists on the VM side,
905 // NULL otherwise.
906 ciMethodData* ciMethod::method_data_or_null() {
907 ciMethodData *md = method_data();
908 if (md->is_empty()) {
909 return NULL;
910 }
911 return md;
912 }
913
914 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
915 // ciMethod::ensure_method_counters
916 //
917 MethodCounters* ciMethod::ensure_method_counters() {
918 check_is_loaded();
919 VM_ENTRY_MARK;
920 methodHandle mh(THREAD, get_Method());
921 MethodCounters* method_counters = mh->get_method_counters(CHECK_NULL);
922 return method_counters;
923 }
924
925 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
926 // ciMethod::should_exclude
927 //
928 // Should this method be excluded from compilation?
929 bool ciMethod::should_exclude() {
930 check_is_loaded();
931 VM_ENTRY_MARK;
932 methodHandle mh(THREAD, get_Method());
933 bool ignore;
934 return CompilerOracle::should_exclude(mh, ignore);
935 }
936
937 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
938 // ciMethod::should_inline
939 //
940 // Should this method be inlined during compilation?
941 bool ciMethod::should_inline() {
942 check_is_loaded();
943 VM_ENTRY_MARK;
944 methodHandle mh(THREAD, get_Method());
945 return CompilerOracle::should_inline(mh);
946 }
947
948 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
949 // ciMethod::should_not_inline
950 //
951 // Should this method be disallowed from inlining during compilation?
952 bool ciMethod::should_not_inline() {
953 check_is_loaded();
954 VM_ENTRY_MARK;
955 methodHandle mh(THREAD, get_Method());
956 return CompilerOracle::should_not_inline(mh);
957 }
958
959 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
960 // ciMethod::should_print_assembly
961 //
962 // Should the compiler print the generated code for this method?
963 bool ciMethod::should_print_assembly() {
964 check_is_loaded();
965 VM_ENTRY_MARK;
966 methodHandle mh(THREAD, get_Method());
967 return CompilerOracle::should_print(mh);
968 }
969
970 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
971 // ciMethod::break_at_execute
972 //
973 // Should the compiler insert a breakpoint into the generated code
974 // method?
975 bool ciMethod::break_at_execute() {
976 check_is_loaded();
977 VM_ENTRY_MARK;
978 methodHandle mh(THREAD, get_Method());
979 return CompilerOracle::should_break_at(mh);
980 }
981
982 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
983 // ciMethod::has_option
984 //
985 bool ciMethod::has_option(const char* option) {
986 check_is_loaded();
987 VM_ENTRY_MARK;
988 methodHandle mh(THREAD, get_Method());
989 return CompilerOracle::has_option_string(mh, option);
990 }
991
992 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
993 // ciMethod::can_be_compiled
994 //
995 // Have previous compilations of this method succeeded?
996 bool ciMethod::can_be_compiled() {
997 check_is_loaded();
998 ciEnv* env = CURRENT_ENV;
999 if (is_c1_compile(env->comp_level())) {
1000 return _is_c1_compilable;
1001 }
1002 return _is_c2_compilable;
1003 }
1004
1005 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
1006 // ciMethod::set_not_compilable
1007 //
1008 // Tell the VM that this method cannot be compiled at all.
1009 void ciMethod::set_not_compilable(const char* reason) {
1010 check_is_loaded();
1011 VM_ENTRY_MARK;
1012 ciEnv* env = CURRENT_ENV;
1013 if (is_c1_compile(env->comp_level())) {
1014 _is_c1_compilable = false;
1015 } else {
1016 _is_c2_compilable = false;
1017 }
1018 get_Method()->set_not_compilable(env->comp_level(), true, reason);
1019 }
1020
1021 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
1022 // ciMethod::can_be_osr_compiled
1023 //
1024 // Have previous compilations of this method succeeded?
1025 //
1026 // Implementation note: the VM does not currently keep track
1027 // of failed OSR compilations per bci. The entry_bci parameter
1028 // is currently unused.
1029 bool ciMethod::can_be_osr_compiled(int entry_bci) {
1030 check_is_loaded();
1031 VM_ENTRY_MARK;
1032 ciEnv* env = CURRENT_ENV;
1033 return !get_Method()->is_not_osr_compilable(env->comp_level());
1034 }
1035
1036 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
1037 // ciMethod::has_compiled_code
1038 bool ciMethod::has_compiled_code() {
1039 return instructions_size() > 0;
1040 }
1041
1042 int ciMethod::comp_level() {
1043 check_is_loaded();
1044 VM_ENTRY_MARK;
1045 nmethod* nm = get_Method()->code();
1046 if (nm != NULL) return nm->comp_level();
1047 return 0;
1048 }
1049
1050 int ciMethod::highest_osr_comp_level() {
1051 check_is_loaded();
1052 VM_ENTRY_MARK;
1053 return get_Method()->highest_osr_comp_level();
1054 }
1055
1056 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
1057 // ciMethod::code_size_for_inlining
1058 //
1059 // Code size for inlining decisions. This method returns a code
1060 // size of 1 for methods which has the ForceInline annotation.
1061 int ciMethod::code_size_for_inlining() {
1062 check_is_loaded();
1063 if (get_Method()->force_inline()) {
1064 return 1;
1065 }
1066 return code_size();
1067 }
1068
1069 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
1070 // ciMethod::instructions_size
1071 //
1072 // This is a rough metric for "fat" methods, compared before inlining
1073 // with InlineSmallCode. The CodeBlob::code_size accessor includes
1074 // junk like exception handler, stubs, and constant table, which are
1075 // not highly relevant to an inlined method. So we use the more
1076 // specific accessor nmethod::insts_size.
1077 int ciMethod::instructions_size() {
1078 if (_instructions_size == -1) {
1079 GUARDED_VM_ENTRY(
1080 nmethod* code = get_Method()->code();
1081 if (code != NULL && (code->comp_level() == CompLevel_full_optimization)) {
1082 _instructions_size = code->insts_end() - code->verified_entry_point();
1083 } else {
1084 _instructions_size = 0;
1085 }
1086 );
1087 }
1088 return _instructions_size;
1089 }
1090
1091 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
1092 // ciMethod::log_nmethod_identity
1093 void ciMethod::log_nmethod_identity(xmlStream* log) {
1094 GUARDED_VM_ENTRY(
1095 nmethod* code = get_Method()->code();
1096 if (code != NULL) {
1097 code->log_identity(log);
1098 }
1099 )
1100 }
1101
1102 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
1103 // ciMethod::is_not_reached
1104 bool ciMethod::is_not_reached(int bci) {
1105 check_is_loaded();
1106 VM_ENTRY_MARK;
1107 return Interpreter::is_not_reached(
1108 methodHandle(THREAD, get_Method()), bci);
1109 }
1110
1111 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
1112 // ciMethod::was_never_executed
1113 bool ciMethod::was_executed_more_than(int times) {
1114 VM_ENTRY_MARK;
1115 return get_Method()->was_executed_more_than(times);
1116 }
1117
1118 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
1119 // ciMethod::has_unloaded_classes_in_signature
1120 bool ciMethod::has_unloaded_classes_in_signature() {
1121 VM_ENTRY_MARK;
1122 {
1123 EXCEPTION_MARK;
1124 methodHandle m(THREAD, get_Method());
1125 bool has_unloaded = Method::has_unloaded_classes_in_signature(m, (JavaThread *)THREAD);
1126 if( HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION ) {
1127 CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1128 return true; // Declare that we may have unloaded classes
1129 }
1130 return has_unloaded;
1131 }
1132 }
1133
1134 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
1135 // ciMethod::is_klass_loaded
1136 bool ciMethod::is_klass_loaded(int refinfo_index, bool must_be_resolved) const {
1137 VM_ENTRY_MARK;
1138 return get_Method()->is_klass_loaded(refinfo_index, must_be_resolved);
1139 }
1140
1141 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
1142 // ciMethod::check_call
1143 bool ciMethod::check_call(int refinfo_index, bool is_static) const {
1144 // This method is used only in C2 from InlineTree::ok_to_inline,
1145 // and is only used under -Xcomp or -XX:CompileTheWorld.
1146 // It appears to fail when applied to an invokeinterface call site.
1147 // FIXME: Remove this method and resolve_method_statically; refactor to use the other LinkResolver entry points.
1148 VM_ENTRY_MARK;
1149 {
1150 EXCEPTION_MARK;
1151 HandleMark hm(THREAD);
1152 constantPoolHandle pool (THREAD, get_Method()->constants());
1153 methodHandle spec_method;
1154 KlassHandle spec_klass;
1155 Bytecodes::Code code = (is_static ? Bytecodes::_invokestatic : Bytecodes::_invokevirtual);
1156 LinkResolver::resolve_method_statically(spec_method, spec_klass, code, pool, refinfo_index, THREAD);
1157 if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1158 CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1159 return false;
1160 } else {
1161 return (spec_method->is_static() == is_static);
1162 }
1163 }
1164 return false;
1165 }
1166
1167 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
1168 // ciMethod::print_codes
1169 //
1170 // Print the bytecodes for this method.
1171 void ciMethod::print_codes_on(outputStream* st) {
1172 check_is_loaded();
1173 GUARDED_VM_ENTRY(get_Method()->print_codes_on(st);)
1174 }
1175
1176
1177 #define FETCH_FLAG_FROM_VM(flag_accessor) { \
1178 check_is_loaded(); \
1179 VM_ENTRY_MARK; \
1180 return get_Method()->flag_accessor(); \
1181 }
1182
1183 bool ciMethod::is_empty_method() const { FETCH_FLAG_FROM_VM(is_empty_method); }
1184 bool ciMethod::is_vanilla_constructor() const { FETCH_FLAG_FROM_VM(is_vanilla_constructor); }
1185 bool ciMethod::has_loops () const { FETCH_FLAG_FROM_VM(has_loops); }
1186 bool ciMethod::has_jsrs () const { FETCH_FLAG_FROM_VM(has_jsrs); }
1187 bool ciMethod::is_accessor () const { FETCH_FLAG_FROM_VM(is_accessor); }
1188 bool ciMethod::is_initializer () const { FETCH_FLAG_FROM_VM(is_initializer); }
1189
1190 bool ciMethod::is_boxing_method() const {
1191 if (holder()->is_box_klass()) {
1192 switch (intrinsic_id()) {
1193 case vmIntrinsics::_Boolean_valueOf:
1194 case vmIntrinsics::_Byte_valueOf:
1195 case vmIntrinsics::_Character_valueOf:
1196 case vmIntrinsics::_Short_valueOf:
1197 case vmIntrinsics::_Integer_valueOf:
1198 case vmIntrinsics::_Long_valueOf:
1199 case vmIntrinsics::_Float_valueOf:
1200 case vmIntrinsics::_Double_valueOf:
1201 return true;
1202 default:
1203 return false;
1204 }
1205 }
1206 return false;
1207 }
1208
1209 bool ciMethod::is_unboxing_method() const {
1210 if (holder()->is_box_klass()) {
1211 switch (intrinsic_id()) {
1212 case vmIntrinsics::_booleanValue:
1213 case vmIntrinsics::_byteValue:
1214 case vmIntrinsics::_charValue:
1215 case vmIntrinsics::_shortValue:
1216 case vmIntrinsics::_intValue:
1217 case vmIntrinsics::_longValue:
1218 case vmIntrinsics::_floatValue:
1219 case vmIntrinsics::_doubleValue:
1220 return true;
1221 default:
1222 return false;
1223 }
1224 }
1225 return false;
1226 }
1227
1228 BCEscapeAnalyzer *ciMethod::get_bcea() {
1229 #ifdef COMPILER2
1230 if (_bcea == NULL) {
1231 _bcea = new (CURRENT_ENV->arena()) BCEscapeAnalyzer(this, NULL);
1232 }
1233 return _bcea;
1234 #else // COMPILER2
1235 ShouldNotReachHere();
1236 return NULL;
1237 #endif // COMPILER2
1238 }
1239
1240 ciMethodBlocks *ciMethod::get_method_blocks() {
1241 Arena *arena = CURRENT_ENV->arena();
1242 if (_method_blocks == NULL) {
1243 _method_blocks = new (arena) ciMethodBlocks(arena, this);
1244 }
1245 return _method_blocks;
1246 }
1247
1248 #undef FETCH_FLAG_FROM_VM
1249
1250 void ciMethod::dump_replay_data(outputStream* st) {
1251 ASSERT_IN_VM;
1252 ResourceMark rm;
1253 Method* method = get_Method();
1254 MethodCounters* mcs = method->method_counters();
1255 Klass* holder = method->method_holder();
1256 st->print_cr("ciMethod %s %s %s %d %d %d %d %d",
1257 holder->name()->as_quoted_ascii(),
1258 method->name()->as_quoted_ascii(),
1259 method->signature()->as_quoted_ascii(),
1260 mcs == NULL ? 0 : mcs->invocation_counter()->raw_counter(),
1261 mcs == NULL ? 0 : mcs->backedge_counter()->raw_counter(),
1262 interpreter_invocation_count(),
1263 interpreter_throwout_count(),
1264 _instructions_size);
1265 }
1266
1267 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
1268 // ciMethod::print_codes
1269 //
1270 // Print a range of the bytecodes for this method.
1271 void ciMethod::print_codes_on(int from, int to, outputStream* st) {
1272 check_is_loaded();
1273 GUARDED_VM_ENTRY(get_Method()->print_codes_on(from, to, st);)
1274 }
1275
1276 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
1277 // ciMethod::print_name
1278 //
1279 // Print the name of this method, including signature and some flags.
1280 void ciMethod::print_name(outputStream* st) {
1281 check_is_loaded();
1282 GUARDED_VM_ENTRY(get_Method()->print_name(st);)
1283 }
1284
1285 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
1286 // ciMethod::print_short_name
1287 //
1288 // Print the name of this method, without signature.
1289 void ciMethod::print_short_name(outputStream* st) {
1290 if (is_loaded()) {
1291 GUARDED_VM_ENTRY(get_Method()->print_short_name(st););
1292 } else {
1293 // Fall back if method is not loaded.
1294 holder()->print_name_on(st);
1295 st->print("::");
1296 name()->print_symbol_on(st);
1297 if (WizardMode)
1298 signature()->as_symbol()->print_symbol_on(st);
1299 }
1300 }
1301
1302 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
1303 // ciMethod::print_impl
1304 //
1305 // Implementation of the print method.
1306 void ciMethod::print_impl(outputStream* st) {
1307 ciMetadata::print_impl(st);
1308 st->print(" name=");
1309 name()->print_symbol_on(st);
1310 st->print(" holder=");
1311 holder()->print_name_on(st);
1312 st->print(" signature=");
1313 signature()->as_symbol()->print_symbol_on(st);
1314 if (is_loaded()) {
1315 st->print(" loaded=true");
1316 st->print(" arg_size=%d", arg_size());
1317 st->print(" flags=");
1318 flags().print_member_flags(st);
1319 } else {
1320 st->print(" loaded=false");
1321 }
1322 }