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src/java.base/share/classes/java/security/SecureRandom.java

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rev 13987 : 8051408: NIST SP 800-90A SecureRandom implementations


  27 
  28 import java.util.*;
  29 import java.util.regex.*;
  30 
  31 import java.security.Provider.Service;
  32 
  33 import sun.security.jca.*;
  34 import sun.security.jca.GetInstance.Instance;
  35 import sun.security.util.Debug;
  36 
  37 /**
  38  * This class provides a cryptographically strong random number
  39  * generator (RNG).
  40  *
  41  * <p>A cryptographically strong random number
  42  * minimally complies with the statistical random number generator tests
  43  * specified in
  44  * <a href="http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf">
  45  * <i>FIPS 140-2, Security Requirements for Cryptographic Modules</i></a>,
  46  * section 4.9.1.
  47  * Additionally, SecureRandom must produce non-deterministic output.
  48  * Therefore any seed material passed to a SecureRandom object must be
  49  * unpredictable, and all SecureRandom output sequences must be
  50  * cryptographically strong, as described in
  51  * <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4086">
  52  * <i>RFC 4086: Randomness Requirements for Security</i></a>.
  53  *
  54  * <p>A caller obtains a SecureRandom instance via the
  55  * no-argument constructor or one of the {@code getInstance} methods:
  56  *
  57  * <pre>
  58  *      SecureRandom random = new SecureRandom();
  59  * </pre>
  60  *
  61  * <p> Many SecureRandom implementations are in the form of a pseudo-random
  62  * number generator (PRNG), which means they use a deterministic algorithm
  63  * to produce a pseudo-random sequence from a true random seed.
  64  * Other implementations may produce true random numbers,
  65  * and yet others may use a combination of both techniques.
  66  *
  67  * <p> Typical callers of SecureRandom invoke the following methods





















  68  * to retrieve random bytes:
  69  *
  70  * <pre>
  71  *      SecureRandom random = new SecureRandom();
  72  *      byte[] bytes = new byte[20];
  73  *      random.nextBytes(bytes);
  74  * </pre>
  75  *
  76  * <p> Callers may also invoke the {@code generateSeed} method
  77  * to generate a given number of seed bytes (to seed other random number
  78  * generators, for example):
  79  * <pre>

  80  *      byte[] seed = random.generateSeed(20);
  81  * </pre>
  82  *
  83  * Note: Depending on the implementation, the {@code generateSeed} and
  84  * {@code nextBytes} methods may block as entropy is being gathered,
  85  * for example, if they need to read from /dev/random on various Unix-like
  86  * operating systems.




















  87  *
  88  * @see java.security.SecureRandomSpi
  89  * @see java.util.Random
  90  *
  91  * @author Benjamin Renaud
  92  * @author Josh Bloch
  93  */
  94 
  95 public class SecureRandom extends java.util.Random {
  96 
  97     private static final Debug pdebug =
  98                         Debug.getInstance("provider", "Provider");
  99     private static final boolean skipDebug =
 100         Debug.isOn("engine=") && !Debug.isOn("securerandom");
 101 
 102     /**
 103      * The provider.
 104      *
 105      * @serial
 106      * @since 1.2


 115      */
 116     private SecureRandomSpi secureRandomSpi = null;
 117 
 118     /*
 119      * The algorithm name of null if unknown.
 120      *
 121      * @serial
 122      * @since 1.5
 123      */
 124     private String algorithm;
 125 
 126     // Seed Generator
 127     private static volatile SecureRandom seedGenerator;
 128 
 129     /**
 130      * Constructs a secure random number generator (RNG) implementing the
 131      * default random number algorithm.
 132      *
 133      * <p> This constructor traverses the list of registered security Providers,
 134      * starting with the most preferred Provider.
 135      * A new SecureRandom object encapsulating the
 136      * SecureRandomSpi implementation from the first
 137      * Provider that supports a SecureRandom (RNG) algorithm is returned.
 138      * If none of the Providers support a RNG algorithm,
 139      * then an implementation-specific default is returned.
 140      *
 141      * <p> Note that the list of registered providers may be retrieved via
 142      * the {@link Security#getProviders() Security.getProviders()} method.
 143      *
 144      * <p> See the SecureRandom section in the <a href=
 145      * "{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/security/StandardNames.html#SecureRandom">
 146      * Java Cryptography Architecture Standard Algorithm Name Documentation</a>
 147      * for information about standard RNG algorithm names.
 148      *
 149      * <p> The returned SecureRandom object has not been seeded.  To seed the
 150      * returned object, call the {@code setSeed} method.
 151      * If {@code setSeed} is not called, the first call to
 152      * {@code nextBytes} will force the SecureRandom object to seed itself.
 153      * This self-seeding will not occur if {@code setSeed} was
 154      * previously called.
 155      */
 156     public SecureRandom() {
 157         /*
 158          * This call to our superclass constructor will result in a call
 159          * to our own {@code setSeed} method, which will return
 160          * immediately when it is passed zero.
 161          */
 162         super(0);
 163         getDefaultPRNG(false, null);
 164     }
 165 
 166     /**
 167      * Constructs a secure random number generator (RNG) implementing the
 168      * default random number algorithm.
 169      * The SecureRandom instance is seeded with the specified seed bytes.
 170      *
 171      * <p> This constructor traverses the list of registered security Providers,
 172      * starting with the most preferred Provider.
 173      * A new SecureRandom object encapsulating the
 174      * SecureRandomSpi implementation from the first
 175      * Provider that supports a SecureRandom (RNG) algorithm is returned.
 176      * If none of the Providers support a RNG algorithm,
 177      * then an implementation-specific default is returned.
 178      *
 179      * <p> Note that the list of registered providers may be retrieved via
 180      * the {@link Security#getProviders() Security.getProviders()} method.
 181      *
 182      * <p> See the SecureRandom section in the <a href=
 183      * "{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/security/StandardNames.html#SecureRandom">
 184      * Java Cryptography Architecture Standard Algorithm Name Documentation</a>
 185      * for information about standard RNG algorithm names.
 186      *
 187      * @param seed the seed.
 188      */
 189     public SecureRandom(byte[] seed) {
 190         super(0);
 191         getDefaultPRNG(true, seed);
 192     }
 193 
 194     private void getDefaultPRNG(boolean setSeed, byte[] seed) {
 195         String prng = getPrngAlgorithm();
 196         if (prng == null) {
 197             // bummer, get the SUN implementation
 198             prng = "SHA1PRNG";
 199             this.secureRandomSpi = new sun.security.provider.SecureRandom();
 200             this.provider = Providers.getSunProvider();
 201             if (setSeed) {
 202                 this.secureRandomSpi.engineSetSeed(seed);
 203             }
 204         } else {
 205             try {
 206                 SecureRandom random = SecureRandom.getInstance(prng);
 207                 this.secureRandomSpi = random.getSecureRandomSpi();
 208                 this.provider = random.getProvider();
 209                 if (setSeed) {
 210                     this.secureRandomSpi.engineSetSeed(seed);
 211                 }
 212             } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException nsae) {
 213                 // never happens, because we made sure the algorithm exists
 214                 throw new RuntimeException(nsae);
 215             }
 216         }
 217         // JDK 1.1 based implementations subclass SecureRandom instead of
 218         // SecureRandomSpi. They will also go through this code path because
 219         // they must call a SecureRandom constructor as it is their superclass.
 220         // If we are dealing with such an implementation, do not set the
 221         // algorithm value as it would be inaccurate.
 222         if (getClass() == SecureRandom.class) {
 223             this.algorithm = prng;
 224         }
 225     }
 226 
 227     /**
 228      * Creates a SecureRandom object.
 229      *
 230      * @param secureRandomSpi the SecureRandom implementation.
 231      * @param provider the provider.
 232      */
 233     protected SecureRandom(SecureRandomSpi secureRandomSpi,
 234                            Provider provider) {
 235         this(secureRandomSpi, provider, null);
 236     }
 237 
 238     private SecureRandom(SecureRandomSpi secureRandomSpi, Provider provider,
 239             String algorithm) {
 240         super(0);
 241         this.secureRandomSpi = secureRandomSpi;
 242         this.provider = provider;
 243         this.algorithm = algorithm;
 244 
 245         if (!skipDebug && pdebug != null) {
 246             pdebug.println("SecureRandom." + algorithm +
 247                 " algorithm from: " + this.provider.getName());
 248         }
 249     }
 250 
 251     /**
 252      * Returns a SecureRandom object that implements the specified
 253      * Random Number Generator (RNG) algorithm.
 254      *
 255      * <p> This method traverses the list of registered security Providers,
 256      * starting with the most preferred Provider.
 257      * A new SecureRandom object encapsulating the
 258      * SecureRandomSpi implementation from the first
 259      * Provider that supports the specified algorithm is returned.
 260      *
 261      * <p> Note that the list of registered providers may be retrieved via
 262      * the {@link Security#getProviders() Security.getProviders()} method.
 263      *
 264      * <p> The returned SecureRandom object has not been seeded.  To seed the
 265      * returned object, call the {@code setSeed} method.
 266      * If {@code setSeed} is not called, the first call to
 267      * {@code nextBytes} will force the SecureRandom object to seed itself.
 268      * This self-seeding will not occur if {@code setSeed} was
 269      * previously called.
 270      *
 271      * @implNote
 272      * The JDK Reference Implementation additionally uses the
 273      * {@code jdk.security.provider.preferred} property to determine
 274      * the preferred provider order for the specified algorithm. This
 275      * may be different than the order of providers returned by
 276      * {@link Security#getProviders() Security.getProviders()}.
 277      *
 278      * @param algorithm the name of the RNG algorithm.
 279      * See the SecureRandom section in the <a href=
 280      * "{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/security/StandardNames.html#SecureRandom">
 281      * Java Cryptography Architecture Standard Algorithm Name Documentation</a>
 282      * for information about standard RNG algorithm names.
 283      *
 284      * @return the new SecureRandom object.
 285      *
 286      * @exception NoSuchAlgorithmException if no Provider supports a
 287      *          SecureRandomSpi implementation for the
 288      *          specified algorithm.
 289      *
 290      * @see Provider
 291      *
 292      * @since 1.2
 293      */
 294     public static SecureRandom getInstance(String algorithm)
 295             throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
 296         Instance instance = GetInstance.getInstance("SecureRandom",
 297             SecureRandomSpi.class, algorithm);
 298         return new SecureRandom((SecureRandomSpi)instance.impl,
 299             instance.provider, algorithm);
 300     }
 301 
 302     /**
 303      * Returns a SecureRandom object that implements the specified
 304      * Random Number Generator (RNG) algorithm.
 305      *
 306      * <p> A new SecureRandom object encapsulating the
 307      * SecureRandomSpi implementation from the specified provider
 308      * is returned.  The specified provider must be registered
 309      * in the security provider list.
 310      *
 311      * <p> Note that the list of registered providers may be retrieved via
 312      * the {@link Security#getProviders() Security.getProviders()} method.
 313      *
 314      * <p> The returned SecureRandom object has not been seeded.  To seed the
 315      * returned object, call the {@code setSeed} method.
 316      * If {@code setSeed} is not called, the first call to
 317      * {@code nextBytes} will force the SecureRandom object to seed itself.
 318      * This self-seeding will not occur if {@code setSeed} was
 319      * previously called.
 320      *
 321      * @param algorithm the name of the RNG algorithm.
 322      * See the SecureRandom section in the <a href=
 323      * "{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/security/StandardNames.html#SecureRandom">
 324      * Java Cryptography Architecture Standard Algorithm Name Documentation</a>
 325      * for information about standard RNG algorithm names.
 326      *
 327      * @param provider the name of the provider.
 328      *
 329      * @return the new SecureRandom object.
 330      *
 331      * @exception NoSuchAlgorithmException if a SecureRandomSpi
 332      *          implementation for the specified algorithm is not
 333      *          available from the specified provider.
 334      *
 335      * @exception NoSuchProviderException if the specified provider is not
 336      *          registered in the security provider list.
 337      *
 338      * @exception IllegalArgumentException if the provider name is null
 339      *          or empty.
 340      *
 341      * @see Provider
 342      *
 343      * @since 1.2
 344      */
 345     public static SecureRandom getInstance(String algorithm, String provider)
 346             throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, NoSuchProviderException {
 347         Instance instance = GetInstance.getInstance("SecureRandom",
 348             SecureRandomSpi.class, algorithm, provider);
 349         return new SecureRandom((SecureRandomSpi)instance.impl,
 350             instance.provider, algorithm);
 351     }
 352 
 353     /**
 354      * Returns a SecureRandom object that implements the specified
 355      * Random Number Generator (RNG) algorithm.
 356      *
 357      * <p> A new SecureRandom object encapsulating the
 358      * SecureRandomSpi implementation from the specified Provider
 359      * object is returned.  Note that the specified Provider object
 360      * does not have to be registered in the provider list.
 361      *
 362      * <p> The returned SecureRandom object has not been seeded.  To seed the
 363      * returned object, call the {@code setSeed} method.
 364      * If {@code setSeed} is not called, the first call to
 365      * {@code nextBytes} will force the SecureRandom object to seed itself.
 366      * This self-seeding will not occur if {@code setSeed} was
 367      * previously called.
 368      *
 369      * @param algorithm the name of the RNG algorithm.
 370      * See the SecureRandom section in the <a href=
 371      * "{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/security/StandardNames.html#SecureRandom">
 372      * Java Cryptography Architecture Standard Algorithm Name Documentation</a>
 373      * for information about standard RNG algorithm names.
 374      *
 375      * @param provider the provider.
 376      *
 377      * @return the new SecureRandom object.
 378      *
 379      * @exception NoSuchAlgorithmException if a SecureRandomSpi
 380      *          implementation for the specified algorithm is not available
 381      *          from the specified Provider object.
 382      *
 383      * @exception IllegalArgumentException if the specified provider is null.
 384      *
 385      * @see Provider
 386      *
 387      * @since 1.4
 388      */
 389     public static SecureRandom getInstance(String algorithm,
 390             Provider provider) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
 391         Instance instance = GetInstance.getInstance("SecureRandom",
 392             SecureRandomSpi.class, algorithm, provider);
 393         return new SecureRandom((SecureRandomSpi)instance.impl,
 394             instance.provider, algorithm);
 395     }
 396 
 397     /**
 398      * Returns the SecureRandomSpi of this SecureRandom object.


























































































































































 399      */
 400     SecureRandomSpi getSecureRandomSpi() {
 401         return secureRandomSpi;
 402     }
 403 
 404     /**
 405      * Returns the provider of this SecureRandom object.
 406      *
 407      * @return the provider of this SecureRandom object.
 408      */
 409     public final Provider getProvider() {
 410         return provider;
 411     }
 412 
 413     /**
 414      * Returns the name of the algorithm implemented by this SecureRandom
 415      * object.
 416      *
 417      * @return the name of the algorithm or {@code unknown}
 418      *          if the algorithm name cannot be determined.
 419      * @since 1.5
 420      */
 421     public String getAlgorithm() {
 422         return Objects.toString(algorithm, "unknown");
 423     }
 424 



























 425     /**
 426      * Reseeds this random object. The given seed supplements, rather than
 427      * replaces, the existing seed. Thus, repeated calls are guaranteed
 428      * never to reduce randomness.





 429      *
 430      * @param seed the seed.
 431      *
 432      * @see #getSeed
 433      */
 434     public synchronized void setSeed(byte[] seed) {
 435         secureRandomSpi.engineSetSeed(seed);
 436     }
 437 
 438     /**
 439      * Reseeds this random object, using the eight bytes contained
 440      * in the given {@code long seed}. The given seed supplements,
 441      * rather than replaces, the existing seed. Thus, repeated calls
 442      * are guaranteed never to reduce randomness.
 443      *
 444      * <p>This method is defined for compatibility with
 445      * {@code java.util.Random}.
 446      *
 447      * @param seed the seed.
 448      *
 449      * @see #getSeed
 450      */
 451     @Override
 452     public void setSeed(long seed) {
 453         /*
 454          * Ignore call from super constructor (as well as any other calls
 455          * unfortunate enough to be passing 0).  It's critical that we
 456          * ignore call from superclass constructor, as digest has not
 457          * yet been initialized at that point.
 458          */
 459         if (seed != 0) {
 460             secureRandomSpi.engineSetSeed(longToByteArray(seed));
 461         }
 462     }
 463 
 464     /**
 465      * Generates a user-specified number of random bytes.
 466      *
 467      * <p> If a call to {@code setSeed} had not occurred previously,
 468      * the first call to this method forces this SecureRandom object
 469      * to seed itself.  This self-seeding will not occur if
 470      * {@code setSeed} was previously called.
 471      *
 472      * @param bytes the array to be filled in with random bytes.


 473      */
 474     @Override
 475     public void nextBytes(byte[] bytes) {
 476         secureRandomSpi.engineNextBytes(bytes);























 477     }
 478 
 479     /**
 480      * Generates an integer containing the user-specified number of
 481      * pseudo-random bits (right justified, with leading zeros).  This
 482      * method overrides a {@code java.util.Random} method, and serves
 483      * to provide a source of random bits to all of the methods inherited
 484      * from that class (for example, {@code nextInt},
 485      * {@code nextLong}, and {@code nextFloat}).
 486      *
 487      * @param numBits number of pseudo-random bits to be generated, where
 488      * {@code 0 <= numBits <= 32}.
 489      *
 490      * @return an {@code int} containing the user-specified number
 491      * of pseudo-random bits (right justified, with leading zeros).
 492      */
 493     @Override
 494     protected final int next(int numBits) {
 495         int numBytes = (numBits+7)/8;
 496         byte[] b = new byte[numBytes];
 497         int next = 0;
 498 
 499         nextBytes(b);
 500         for (int i = 0; i < numBytes; i++) {
 501             next = (next << 8) + (b[i] & 0xFF);
 502         }
 503 
 504         return next >>> (numBytes*8 - numBits);
 505     }
 506 
 507     /**
 508      * Returns the given number of seed bytes, computed using the seed
 509      * generation algorithm that this class uses to seed itself.  This
 510      * call may be used to seed other random number generators.
 511      *
 512      * <p>This method is only included for backwards compatibility.
 513      * The caller is encouraged to use one of the alternative
 514      * {@code getInstance} methods to obtain a SecureRandom object, and
 515      * then call the {@code generateSeed} method to obtain seed bytes
 516      * from that object.
 517      *
 518      * @param numBytes the number of seed bytes to generate.
 519      *
 520      * @return the seed bytes.
 521      *
 522      * @see #setSeed
 523      */
 524     public static byte[] getSeed(int numBytes) {
 525         SecureRandom seedGen = seedGenerator;
 526         if (seedGen == null) {
 527             seedGen = new SecureRandom();
 528             seedGenerator = seedGen;
 529         }
 530         return seedGen.generateSeed(numBytes);
 531     }
 532 
 533     /**
 534      * Returns the given number of seed bytes, computed using the seed
 535      * generation algorithm that this class uses to seed itself.  This
 536      * call may be used to seed other random number generators.
 537      *
 538      * @param numBytes the number of seed bytes to generate.
 539      *
 540      * @return the seed bytes.
 541      */
 542     public byte[] generateSeed(int numBytes) {



 543         return secureRandomSpi.engineGenerateSeed(numBytes);
 544     }
 545 
 546     /**
 547      * Helper function to convert a long into a byte array (least significant
 548      * byte first).
 549      */
 550     private static byte[] longToByteArray(long l) {
 551         byte[] retVal = new byte[8];
 552 
 553         for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
 554             retVal[i] = (byte) l;
 555             l >>= 8;
 556         }
 557 
 558         return retVal;
 559     }
 560 
 561     /**
 562      * Gets a default PRNG algorithm by looking through all registered
 563      * providers. Returns the first PRNG algorithm of the first provider that
 564      * has registered a SecureRandom implementation, or null if none of the
 565      * registered providers supplies a SecureRandom implementation.
 566      */
 567     private static String getPrngAlgorithm() {
 568         for (Provider p : Providers.getProviderList().providers()) {
 569             for (Service s : p.getServices()) {
 570                 if (s.getType().equals("SecureRandom")) {
 571                     return s.getAlgorithm();
 572                 }
 573             }
 574         }
 575         return null;
 576     }
 577 
 578     /*
 579      * Lazily initialize since Pattern.compile() is heavy.
 580      * Effective Java (2nd Edition), Item 71.
 581      */
 582     private static final class StrongPatternHolder {
 583         /*
 584          * Entries are alg:prov separated by ,
 585          * Allow for prepended/appended whitespace between entries.


 649 
 650                 try {
 651                     if (prov == null) {
 652                         return SecureRandom.getInstance(alg);
 653                     } else {
 654                         return SecureRandom.getInstance(alg, prov);
 655                     }
 656                 } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException |
 657                         NoSuchProviderException e) {
 658                 }
 659                 remainder = m.group(5);
 660             } else {
 661                 remainder = null;
 662             }
 663         }
 664 
 665         throw new NoSuchAlgorithmException(
 666             "No strong SecureRandom impls available: " + property);
 667     }
 668 




































 669     // Declare serialVersionUID to be compatible with JDK1.1
 670     static final long serialVersionUID = 4940670005562187L;
 671 
 672     // Retain unused values serialized from JDK1.1
 673     /**
 674      * @serial
 675      */
 676     private byte[] state;
 677     /**
 678      * @serial
 679      */
 680     private MessageDigest digest = null;
 681     /**
 682      * @serial
 683      *
 684      * We know that the MessageDigest class does not implement
 685      * java.io.Serializable.  However, since this field is no longer
 686      * used, it will always be NULL and won't affect the serialization
 687      * of the SecureRandom class itself.
 688      */
 689     private byte[] randomBytes;
 690     /**
 691      * @serial
 692      */
 693     private int randomBytesUsed;
 694     /**
 695      * @serial
 696      */
 697     private long counter;
 698 }


  27 
  28 import java.util.*;
  29 import java.util.regex.*;
  30 
  31 import java.security.Provider.Service;
  32 
  33 import sun.security.jca.*;
  34 import sun.security.jca.GetInstance.Instance;
  35 import sun.security.util.Debug;
  36 
  37 /**
  38  * This class provides a cryptographically strong random number
  39  * generator (RNG).
  40  *
  41  * <p>A cryptographically strong random number
  42  * minimally complies with the statistical random number generator tests
  43  * specified in
  44  * <a href="http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf">
  45  * <i>FIPS 140-2, Security Requirements for Cryptographic Modules</i></a>,
  46  * section 4.9.1.
  47  * Additionally, {@code SecureRandom} must produce non-deterministic output.
  48  * Therefore any seed material passed to a {@code SecureRandom} object must be
  49  * unpredictable, and all {@code SecureRandom} output sequences must be
  50  * cryptographically strong, as described in
  51  * <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4086">
  52  * <i>RFC 4086: Randomness Requirements for Security</i></a>.
  53  *
  54  * <p> Many {@code SecureRandom} implementations are in the form of a pseudo-random
  55  * number generator (PRNG, also known as deterministic random bits generator
  56  * or DRBG), which means they use a deterministic algorithm
  57  * to produce a pseudo-random sequence from a random seed.






  58  * Other implementations may produce true random numbers,
  59  * and yet others may use a combination of both techniques.
  60  *
  61  * <p>A caller obtains a {@code SecureRandom} instance via the
  62  * no-argument constructor or one of the {@code getInstance} methods.
  63  * For example:
  64  *
  65  * <blockquote><pre>
  66  * SecureRandom r1 = new SecureRandom();
  67  * SecureRandom r2 = SecureRandom.getInstance("NativePRNG");
  68  * SecureRandom r3 = SecureRandom("DRBG",
  69  *         DrbgParameters.Instantiate(128, RESEED_ONLY, null));
  70  * </pre></blockquote>
  71  *
  72  * <p> The third statement above returns a {@code SecureRandom} object of the
  73  * specific algorithm supporting the specific instantiate parameters.
  74  * The effective instantiate parameters used in the instantiation must match
  75  * this minimum request but is not necessarily the same. For example,
  76  * even if the request does not require a certain feature, the actual
  77  * instantiation can provide the feature. An implementation may lazily
  78  * instantiate a {@code SecureRandom} until it's actually used, but the effective
  79  * instantiate parameters must be determined at the beginning and returned by
  80  * {@link #getParameters()} unchanged.
  81  *
  82  * <p> Typical callers of {@code SecureRandom} invoke the following methods
  83  * to retrieve random bytes:
  84  *
  85  * <blockquote><pre>
  86  * SecureRandom random = new SecureRandom();
  87  * byte[] bytes = new byte[20];
  88  * random.nextBytes(bytes);
  89  * </pre></blockquote>
  90  *
  91  * <p> Callers may also invoke the {@link #generateSeed} method
  92  * to generate a given number of seed bytes (to seed other random number
  93  * generators, for example):
  94  *
  95  * <blockquote><pre>
  96  * byte[] seed = random.generateSeed(20);
  97  * </pre></blockquote>
  98  *
  99  * <p> A newly created PRNG {@code SecureRandom} object is not seeded (except if
 100  * it is created by {@link #SecureRandom(byte[])}). The first call to
 101  * {@code nextBytes} will force it to seed itself from an implementation-
 102  * specific entropy source. This self-seeding will not occur if {@code setSeed}
 103  * was previously called.
 104  *
 105  * <p> A {@code SecureRandom} can be reseeded at any time by calling the
 106  * {@code reseed} or {@code setSeed} method. The {@code reseed} method
 107  * reads entropy input from its entropy source to reseed itself.
 108  * The {@code setSeed} method requires the caller to provide the seed.
 109  *
 110  * <p> Please note that {@code reseed} is not always supported.
 111  *
 112  * <p> Some {@code SecureRandom} implementations may accept a
 113  * {@link SecureRandomNextBytesParameters} parameter in its
 114  * {@link #nextBytes(byte[], SecureRandomNextBytesParameters)} method and a
 115  * {@link SecureRandomReseedParameters} in its
 116  * {@link #reseed(SecureRandomReseedParameters)} method to further
 117  * control the behavior of the methods.
 118  *
 119  * <p> Note: Depending on the implementation, the {@code generateSeed},
 120  * {@code reseed} and {@code nextBytes} methods may block as entropy is being
 121  * gathered, for example, if the entropy source is /dev/random on various
 122  * Unix-like operating systems.
 123  *
 124  * @see java.security.SecureRandomSpi
 125  * @see java.util.Random
 126  *
 127  * @author Benjamin Renaud
 128  * @author Josh Bloch
 129  */
 130 
 131 public class SecureRandom extends java.util.Random {
 132 
 133     private static final Debug pdebug =
 134                         Debug.getInstance("provider", "Provider");
 135     private static final boolean skipDebug =
 136         Debug.isOn("engine=") && !Debug.isOn("securerandom");
 137 
 138     /**
 139      * The provider.
 140      *
 141      * @serial
 142      * @since 1.2


 151      */
 152     private SecureRandomSpi secureRandomSpi = null;
 153 
 154     /*
 155      * The algorithm name of null if unknown.
 156      *
 157      * @serial
 158      * @since 1.5
 159      */
 160     private String algorithm;
 161 
 162     // Seed Generator
 163     private static volatile SecureRandom seedGenerator;
 164 
 165     /**
 166      * Constructs a secure random number generator (RNG) implementing the
 167      * default random number algorithm.
 168      *
 169      * <p> This constructor traverses the list of registered security Providers,
 170      * starting with the most preferred Provider.
 171      * A new {@code SecureRandom} object encapsulating the
 172      * {@code SecureRandomSpi} implementation from the first
 173      * Provider that supports a {@code SecureRandom} (RNG) algorithm is returned.
 174      * If none of the Providers support a RNG algorithm,
 175      * then an implementation-specific default is returned.
 176      *
 177      * <p> Note that the list of registered providers may be retrieved via
 178      * the {@link Security#getProviders() Security.getProviders()} method.
 179      *
 180      * <p> See the {@code SecureRandom} section in the <a href=
 181      * "{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/security/StandardNames.html#SecureRandom">
 182      * Java Cryptography Architecture Standard Algorithm Name Documentation</a>
 183      * for information about standard RNG algorithm names.







 184      */
 185     public SecureRandom() {
 186         /*
 187          * This call to our superclass constructor will result in a call
 188          * to our own {@code setSeed} method, which will return
 189          * immediately when it is passed zero.
 190          */
 191         super(0);
 192         getDefaultPRNG(false, null);
 193     }
 194 
 195     /**
 196      * Constructs a secure random number generator (RNG) implementing the
 197      * default random number algorithm.
 198      * The {@code SecureRandom} instance is seeded with the specified seed bytes.
 199      *
 200      * <p> This constructor traverses the list of registered security Providers,
 201      * starting with the most preferred Provider.
 202      * A new {@code SecureRandom} object encapsulating the
 203      * {@code SecureRandomSpi} implementation from the first
 204      * Provider that supports a {@code SecureRandom} (RNG) algorithm is returned.
 205      * If none of the Providers support a RNG algorithm,
 206      * then an implementation-specific default is returned.
 207      *
 208      * <p> Note that the list of registered providers may be retrieved via
 209      * the {@link Security#getProviders() Security.getProviders()} method.
 210      *
 211      * <p> See the {@code SecureRandom} section in the <a href=
 212      * "{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/security/StandardNames.html#SecureRandom">
 213      * Java Cryptography Architecture Standard Algorithm Name Documentation</a>
 214      * for information about standard RNG algorithm names.
 215      *
 216      * @param seed the seed.
 217      */
 218     public SecureRandom(byte[] seed) {
 219         super(0);
 220         getDefaultPRNG(true, seed);
 221     }
 222 
 223     private void getDefaultPRNG(boolean setSeed, byte[] seed) {
 224         String prng = getPrngAlgorithm();
 225         if (prng == null) {
 226             // bummer, get the SUN implementation
 227             prng = "SHA1PRNG";
 228             this.secureRandomSpi = new sun.security.provider.SecureRandom();
 229             this.provider = Providers.getSunProvider();
 230             if (setSeed) {
 231                 this.setSeed(seed);
 232             }
 233         } else {
 234             try {
 235                 SecureRandom random = SecureRandom.getInstance(prng);
 236                 this.secureRandomSpi = random.getSecureRandomSpi();
 237                 this.provider = random.getProvider();
 238                 if (setSeed) {
 239                     this.setSeed(seed);
 240                 }
 241             } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException nsae) {
 242                 // never happens, because we made sure the algorithm exists
 243                 throw new RuntimeException(nsae);
 244             }
 245         }
 246         // JDK 1.1 based implementations subclass SecureRandom instead of
 247         // SecureRandomSpi. They will also go through this code path because
 248         // they must call a SecureRandom constructor as it is their superclass.
 249         // If we are dealing with such an implementation, do not set the
 250         // algorithm value as it would be inaccurate.
 251         if (getClass() == SecureRandom.class) {
 252             this.algorithm = prng;
 253         }
 254     }
 255 
 256     /**
 257      * Creates a {@code SecureRandom} object.
 258      *
 259      * @param secureRandomSpi the {@code SecureRandom} implementation.
 260      * @param provider the provider.
 261      */
 262     protected SecureRandom(SecureRandomSpi secureRandomSpi,
 263                            Provider provider) {
 264         this(secureRandomSpi, provider, null);
 265     }
 266 
 267     private SecureRandom(SecureRandomSpi secureRandomSpi, Provider provider,
 268             String algorithm) {
 269         super(0);
 270         this.secureRandomSpi = secureRandomSpi;
 271         this.provider = provider;
 272         this.algorithm = algorithm;
 273 
 274         if (!skipDebug && pdebug != null) {
 275             pdebug.println("SecureRandom." + algorithm +
 276                 " algorithm from: " + this.provider.getName());
 277         }
 278     }
 279 
 280     /**
 281      * Returns a {@code SecureRandom} object that implements the specified
 282      * Random Number Generator (RNG) algorithm.
 283      *
 284      * <p> This method traverses the list of registered security Providers,
 285      * starting with the most preferred Provider.
 286      * A new {@code SecureRandom} object encapsulating the
 287      * {@code SecureRandomSpi} implementation from the first
 288      * Provider that supports the specified algorithm is returned.
 289      *
 290      * <p> Note that the list of registered providers may be retrieved via
 291      * the {@link Security#getProviders() Security.getProviders()} method.
 292      *







 293      * @implNote
 294      * The JDK Reference Implementation additionally uses the
 295      * {@code jdk.security.provider.preferred} property to determine
 296      * the preferred provider order for the specified algorithm. This
 297      * may be different than the order of providers returned by
 298      * {@link Security#getProviders() Security.getProviders()}.
 299      *
 300      * @param algorithm the name of the RNG algorithm.
 301      * See the {@code SecureRandom} section in the <a href=
 302      * "{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/security/StandardNames.html#SecureRandom">
 303      * Java Cryptography Architecture Standard Algorithm Name Documentation</a>
 304      * for information about standard RNG algorithm names.
 305      *
 306      * @return the new {@code SecureRandom} object.
 307      *
 308      * @exception NoSuchAlgorithmException if no Provider supports a
 309      *          {@code SecureRandomSpi} implementation for the
 310      *          specified algorithm.
 311      *
 312      * @see Provider
 313      *
 314      * @since 1.2
 315      */
 316     public static SecureRandom getInstance(String algorithm)
 317             throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
 318         Instance instance = GetInstance.getInstance("SecureRandom",
 319                 SecureRandomSpi.class, algorithm);
 320         return new SecureRandom((SecureRandomSpi)instance.impl,
 321                 instance.provider, algorithm);
 322     }
 323 
 324     /**
 325      * Returns a {@code SecureRandom} object that implements the specified
 326      * Random Number Generator (RNG) algorithm.
 327      *
 328      * <p> A new {@code SecureRandom} object encapsulating the
 329      * {@code SecureRandomSpi} implementation from the specified provider
 330      * is returned.  The specified provider must be registered
 331      * in the security provider list.
 332      *
 333      * <p> Note that the list of registered providers may be retrieved via
 334      * the {@link Security#getProviders() Security.getProviders()} method.
 335      *







 336      * @param algorithm the name of the RNG algorithm.
 337      * See the {@code SecureRandom} section in the <a href=
 338      * "{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/security/StandardNames.html#SecureRandom">
 339      * Java Cryptography Architecture Standard Algorithm Name Documentation</a>
 340      * for information about standard RNG algorithm names.
 341      *
 342      * @param provider the name of the provider.
 343      *
 344      * @return the new {@code SecureRandom} object.
 345      *
 346      * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException if a {@code SecureRandomSpi}
 347      *         implementation for the specified algorithm is not
 348      *         available from the specified provider.
 349      *
 350      * @throws NoSuchProviderException if the specified provider is not
 351      *         registered in the security provider list.
 352      *
 353      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the provider name is null
 354      *         or empty.
 355      *
 356      * @see Provider
 357      *
 358      * @since 1.2
 359      */
 360     public static SecureRandom getInstance(String algorithm, String provider)
 361             throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, NoSuchProviderException {
 362         Instance instance = GetInstance.getInstance("SecureRandom",
 363             SecureRandomSpi.class, algorithm, provider);
 364         return new SecureRandom((SecureRandomSpi)instance.impl,
 365             instance.provider, algorithm);
 366     }
 367 
 368     /**
 369      * Returns a {@code SecureRandom} object that implements the specified
 370      * Random Number Generator (RNG) algorithm.
 371      *
 372      * <p> A new {@code SecureRandom} object encapsulating the
 373      * {@code SecureRandomSpi} implementation from the specified {@code Provider}
 374      * object is returned.  Note that the specified {@code Provider} object
 375      * does not have to be registered in the provider list.
 376      *







 377      * @param algorithm the name of the RNG algorithm.
 378      * See the {@code SecureRandom} section in the <a href=
 379      * "{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/security/StandardNames.html#SecureRandom">
 380      * Java Cryptography Architecture Standard Algorithm Name Documentation</a>
 381      * for information about standard RNG algorithm names.
 382      *
 383      * @param provider the provider.
 384      *
 385      * @return the new {@code SecureRandom} object.
 386      *
 387      * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException if a {@code SecureRandomSpi}
 388      *         implementation for the specified algorithm is not available
 389      *         from the specified {@code Provider} object.
 390      *
 391      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the specified provider is null.
 392      *
 393      * @see Provider
 394      *
 395      * @since 1.4
 396      */
 397     public static SecureRandom getInstance(String algorithm,
 398             Provider provider) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
 399         Instance instance = GetInstance.getInstance("SecureRandom",
 400             SecureRandomSpi.class, algorithm, provider);
 401         return new SecureRandom((SecureRandomSpi)instance.impl,
 402             instance.provider, algorithm);
 403     }
 404 
 405     /**
 406      * Returns a {@code SecureRandom} object that implements the specified Random
 407      * Number Generator (RNG) algorithm and supports the specified
 408      * {@code SecureRandomInstantiateParameters} request.
 409      *
 410      * <p> This method traverses the list of registered security Providers,
 411      * starting with the most preferred Provider.
 412      * A new {@code SecureRandom} object encapsulating the
 413      * {@code SecureRandomSpi} implementation from the first
 414      * Provider that supports the specified algorithm and the specified
 415      * {@code SecureRandomInstantiateParameters} is returned.
 416      *
 417      * <p> Note that the list of registered providers may be retrieved via
 418      * the {@link Security#getProviders() Security.getProviders()} method.
 419      *
 420      * @implNote
 421      * The JDK Reference Implementation additionally uses the
 422      * {@code jdk.security.provider.preferred} property to determine
 423      * the preferred provider order for the specified algorithm. This
 424      * may be different than the order of providers returned by
 425      * {@link Security#getProviders() Security.getProviders()}.
 426      *
 427      * @param algorithm the name of the RNG algorithm.
 428      * See the {@code SecureRandom} section in the <a href=
 429      * "{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/security/StandardNames.html#SecureRandom">
 430      * Java Cryptography Architecture Standard Algorithm Name Documentation</a>
 431      * for information about standard RNG algorithm names.
 432      *
 433      * @param params the {@code SecureRandomInstantiateParameters}
 434      *               the newly created {@code SecureRandom} object must support.
 435      *
 436      * @return the new {@code SecureRandom} object.
 437      *
 438      * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException if no Provider supports a
 439      *         {@code SecureRandomSpi} implementation for the specified algorithm
 440      *         and parameters.
 441      *
 442      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the specified params is null.
 443      *
 444      * @see Provider
 445      *
 446      * @since 9
 447      */
 448     public static SecureRandom getInstance(
 449             String algorithm, SecureRandomInstantiateParameters params)
 450             throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
 451         if (params == null) {
 452             throw new IllegalArgumentException("params cannot be null");
 453         }
 454         Instance instance = GetInstance.getInstance("SecureRandom",
 455                 SecureRandomSpi.class, algorithm, params);
 456         SecureRandomSpi spi = (SecureRandomSpi) instance.impl;
 457         SecureRandom r = new SecureRandom(spi, instance.provider, algorithm);
 458         return r;
 459     }
 460 
 461     /**
 462      * Returns a {@code SecureRandom} object that implements the specified Random
 463      * Number Generator (RNG) algorithm and supports the specified
 464      * {@code SecureRandomInstantiateParameters} request.
 465      *
 466      * <p> A new {@code SecureRandom} object encapsulating the
 467      * {@code SecureRandomSpi} implementation from the specified provider
 468      * is returned.  The specified provider must be registered
 469      * in the security provider list.
 470      *
 471      * <p> Note that the list of registered providers may be retrieved via
 472      * the {@link Security#getProviders() Security.getProviders()} method.
 473      *
 474      * @param algorithm the name of the RNG algorithm.
 475      * See the {@code SecureRandom} section in the <a href=
 476      * "{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/security/StandardNames.html#SecureRandom">
 477      * Java Cryptography Architecture Standard Algorithm Name Documentation</a>
 478      * for information about standard RNG algorithm names.
 479      *
 480      * @param params the {@code SecureRandomInstantiateParameters}
 481      *               the newly created {@code SecureRandom} object must support.
 482      *
 483      * @param provider the name of the provider.
 484      *
 485      * @return the new {@code SecureRandom} object.
 486      *
 487      * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException if the specified provider does not
 488      *         support a {@code SecureRandomSpi} implementation for the specified
 489      *         algorithm and parameters.
 490      *
 491      * @throws NoSuchProviderException if the specified provider is not
 492      *         registered in the security provider list.
 493      *
 494      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the provider name is null
 495      *         or empty, or params is null.
 496      *
 497      * @see Provider
 498      *
 499      * @since 9
 500      */
 501     public static SecureRandom getInstance(String algorithm,
 502             SecureRandomInstantiateParameters params, String provider)
 503             throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, NoSuchProviderException {
 504         if (params == null) {
 505             throw new IllegalArgumentException("params cannot be null");
 506         }
 507         Instance instance = GetInstance.getInstance("SecureRandom",
 508                 SecureRandomSpi.class, algorithm, params, provider);
 509         SecureRandomSpi spi = (SecureRandomSpi)instance.impl;
 510         return new SecureRandom(spi, instance.provider, algorithm);
 511     }
 512 
 513     /**
 514      * Returns a {@code SecureRandom} object that implements the specified Random
 515      * Number Generator (RNG) algorithm and supports the specified
 516      * {@code SecureRandomInstantiateParameters} request.
 517      *
 518      * <p> A new {@code SecureRandom} object encapsulating the
 519      * {@code SecureRandomSpi} implementation from the specified {@code Provider}
 520      * object is returned.  Note that the specified {@code Provider} object
 521      * does not have to be registered in the provider list.
 522      *
 523      * @param algorithm the name of the RNG algorithm.
 524      * See the {@code SecureRandom} section in the <a href=
 525      * "{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/security/StandardNames.html#SecureRandom">
 526      * Java Cryptography Architecture Standard Algorithm Name Documentation</a>
 527      * for information about standard RNG algorithm names.
 528      *
 529      * @param params the {@code SecureRandomInstantiateParameters}
 530      *               the newly created {@code SecureRandom} object must support.
 531      *
 532      * @param provider the provider.
 533      *
 534      * @return the new {@code SecureRandom} object.
 535      *
 536      * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException if the specified provider does not
 537      *         support a {@code SecureRandomSpi} implementation for the specified
 538      *         algorithm and parameters.
 539      *
 540      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the specified provider or params
 541      *         is null.
 542      *
 543      * @see Provider
 544      *
 545      * @since 9
 546      */
 547     public static SecureRandom getInstance(String algorithm,
 548             SecureRandomInstantiateParameters params, Provider provider)
 549             throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
 550         if (params == null) {
 551             throw new IllegalArgumentException("params cannot be null");
 552         }
 553         Instance instance = GetInstance.getInstance("SecureRandom",
 554                 SecureRandomSpi.class, algorithm, params, provider);
 555         SecureRandomSpi spi = (SecureRandomSpi)instance.impl;
 556         return new SecureRandom(spi, instance.provider, algorithm);
 557     }
 558 
 559     /**
 560      * Returns the {@code SecureRandomSpi} of this {@code SecureRandom} object.
 561      */
 562     SecureRandomSpi getSecureRandomSpi() {
 563         return secureRandomSpi;
 564     }
 565 
 566     /**
 567      * Returns the provider of this {@code SecureRandom} object.
 568      *
 569      * @return the provider of this {@code SecureRandom} object.
 570      */
 571     public final Provider getProvider() {
 572         return provider;
 573     }
 574 
 575     /**
 576      * Returns the name of the algorithm implemented by this {@code SecureRandom}
 577      * object.
 578      *
 579      * @return the name of the algorithm or {@code unknown}
 580      *          if the algorithm name cannot be determined.
 581      * @since 1.5
 582      */
 583     public String getAlgorithm() {
 584         return Objects.toString(algorithm, "unknown");
 585     }
 586 
 587     @Override
 588     public String toString() {
 589         return secureRandomSpi.toString();
 590     }
 591 
 592     /**
 593      * Returns the effective {@link SecureRandomInstantiateParameters} that
 594      * is actually used to instantiate this {@code SecureRandom}.
 595      * <p>
 596      * The returned value can be different from the
 597      * {@code SecureRandomInstantiateParameters} object passed into
 598      * a {@code getInstance} method, but it cannot change during the lifetime
 599      * of this {@code SecureRandom} object.
 600      * <p>
 601      * A caller can use the returned value to find out what features this
 602      * {@code SecureRandom} supports.
 603      *
 604      * @return the parameters used in instantiation, or {@code null} if no
 605      * parameters were used.
 606      *
 607      * @since 9
 608      * @see SecureRandomSpi
 609      */
 610     public SecureRandomInstantiateParameters getParameters() {
 611         return secureRandomSpi.engineGetParameters();
 612     }
 613 
 614     /**
 615      * Reseeds this random object with the given seed. The seed supplements,
 616      * rather than replaces, the existing seed. Thus, repeated calls are
 617      * guaranteed never to reduce randomness.
 618      * <p>
 619      * A PRNG {@code SecureRandom} will not seed itself automatically if {@code setSeed}
 620      * is called before any {@code nextBytes} or {@code reseed} calls.
 621      * The caller should make sure that the {@code seed} argument contains
 622      * enough entropy for the security of this {@code SecureRandom}.
 623      *
 624      * @param seed the seed.
 625      *
 626      * @see #getSeed
 627      */
 628     public synchronized void setSeed(byte[] seed) {
 629         secureRandomSpi.engineSetSeed(seed);
 630     }
 631 
 632     /**
 633      * Reseeds this random object, using the eight bytes contained
 634      * in the given {@code long seed}. The given seed supplements,
 635      * rather than replaces, the existing seed. Thus, repeated calls
 636      * are guaranteed never to reduce randomness.
 637      *
 638      * <p>This method is defined for compatibility with
 639      * {@code java.util.Random}.
 640      *
 641      * @param seed the seed.
 642      *
 643      * @see #getSeed
 644      */
 645     @Override
 646     public void setSeed(long seed) {
 647         /*
 648          * Ignore call from super constructor (as well as any other calls
 649          * unfortunate enough to be passing 0).  It's critical that we
 650          * ignore call from superclass constructor, as digest has not
 651          * yet been initialized at that point.
 652          */
 653         if (seed != 0) {
 654             setSeed(longToByteArray(seed));
 655         }
 656     }
 657 
 658     /**
 659      * Generates a user-specified number of random bytes.
 660      *





 661      * @param bytes the array to be filled in with random bytes.
 662      *
 663      * @throws NullPointerException if {@code bytes} is null.
 664      */
 665     @Override
 666     public void nextBytes(byte[] bytes) {
 667         secureRandomSpi.engineNextBytes(
 668                 Objects.requireNonNull(bytes));
 669     }
 670 
 671     /**
 672      * Generates a user-specified number of random bytes with
 673      * additional parameters.
 674      *
 675      * @param bytes the array to be filled in with random bytes
 676      * @param params additional parameters
 677      * @throws NullPointerException if {@code bytes} is null
 678      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the underlying provider
 679      *         implementation has not overridden this method.
 680      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code params} is {@code null},
 681      *         unrecognizable or unsupported by this {@code SecureRandom}
 682      *
 683      * @since 9
 684      */
 685     public synchronized void nextBytes(
 686             byte[] bytes, SecureRandomNextBytesParameters params) {
 687         if (params == null) {
 688             throw new IllegalArgumentException("params cannot be null");
 689         }
 690         secureRandomSpi.engineNextBytes(Objects.requireNonNull(bytes), params);
 691     }
 692 
 693     /**
 694      * Generates an integer containing the user-specified number of
 695      * pseudo-random bits (right justified, with leading zeros).  This
 696      * method overrides a {@code java.util.Random} method, and serves
 697      * to provide a source of random bits to all of the methods inherited
 698      * from that class (for example, {@code nextInt},
 699      * {@code nextLong}, and {@code nextFloat}).
 700      *
 701      * @param numBits number of pseudo-random bits to be generated, where
 702      * {@code 0 <= numBits <= 32}.
 703      *
 704      * @return an {@code int} containing the user-specified number
 705      * of pseudo-random bits (right justified, with leading zeros).
 706      */
 707     @Override
 708     protected final int next(int numBits) {
 709         int numBytes = (numBits+7)/8;
 710         byte[] b = new byte[numBytes];
 711         int next = 0;
 712 
 713         nextBytes(b);
 714         for (int i = 0; i < numBytes; i++) {
 715             next = (next << 8) + (b[i] & 0xFF);
 716         }
 717 
 718         return next >>> (numBytes*8 - numBits);
 719     }
 720 
 721     /**
 722      * Returns the given number of seed bytes, computed using the seed
 723      * generation algorithm that this class uses to seed itself.  This
 724      * call may be used to seed other random number generators.
 725      *
 726      * <p>This method is only included for backwards compatibility.
 727      * The caller is encouraged to use one of the alternative
 728      * {@code getInstance} methods to obtain a {@code SecureRandom} object, and
 729      * then call the {@code generateSeed} method to obtain seed bytes
 730      * from that object.
 731      *
 732      * @param numBytes the number of seed bytes to generate.
 733      *
 734      * @return the seed bytes.
 735      *
 736      * @see #setSeed
 737      */
 738     public static byte[] getSeed(int numBytes) {
 739         SecureRandom seedGen = seedGenerator;
 740         if (seedGen == null) {
 741             seedGen = new SecureRandom();
 742             seedGenerator = seedGen;
 743         }
 744         return seedGen.generateSeed(numBytes);
 745     }
 746 
 747     /**
 748      * Returns the given number of seed bytes, computed using the seed
 749      * generation algorithm that this class uses to seed itself.  This
 750      * call may be used to seed other random number generators.
 751      *
 752      * @param numBytes the number of seed bytes to generate.
 753      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code numBytes} is negative
 754      * @return the seed bytes.
 755      */
 756     public byte[] generateSeed(int numBytes) {
 757         if (numBytes < 0) {
 758             throw new IllegalArgumentException("numBytes cannot be negative");
 759         }
 760         return secureRandomSpi.engineGenerateSeed(numBytes);
 761     }
 762 
 763     /**
 764      * Helper function to convert a long into a byte array (least significant
 765      * byte first).
 766      */
 767     private static byte[] longToByteArray(long l) {
 768         byte[] retVal = new byte[8];
 769 
 770         for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
 771             retVal[i] = (byte) l;
 772             l >>= 8;
 773         }
 774 
 775         return retVal;
 776     }
 777 
 778     /**
 779      * Gets a default PRNG algorithm by looking through all registered
 780      * providers. Returns the first PRNG algorithm of the first provider that
 781      * has registered a {@code SecureRandom} implementation, or null if none of the
 782      * registered providers supplies a {@code SecureRandom} implementation.
 783      */
 784     private static String getPrngAlgorithm() {
 785         for (Provider p : Providers.getProviderList().providers()) {
 786             for (Service s : p.getServices()) {
 787                 if (s.getType().equals("SecureRandom")) {
 788                     return s.getAlgorithm();
 789                 }
 790             }
 791         }
 792         return null;
 793     }
 794 
 795     /*
 796      * Lazily initialize since Pattern.compile() is heavy.
 797      * Effective Java (2nd Edition), Item 71.
 798      */
 799     private static final class StrongPatternHolder {
 800         /*
 801          * Entries are alg:prov separated by ,
 802          * Allow for prepended/appended whitespace between entries.


 866 
 867                 try {
 868                     if (prov == null) {
 869                         return SecureRandom.getInstance(alg);
 870                     } else {
 871                         return SecureRandom.getInstance(alg, prov);
 872                     }
 873                 } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException |
 874                         NoSuchProviderException e) {
 875                 }
 876                 remainder = m.group(5);
 877             } else {
 878                 remainder = null;
 879             }
 880         }
 881 
 882         throw new NoSuchAlgorithmException(
 883             "No strong SecureRandom impls available: " + property);
 884     }
 885 
 886     /**
 887      * Reseeds this {@code SecureRandom} with entropy input read from its
 888      * entropy source.
 889      *
 890      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the underlying provider
 891      *         implementation has not overridden this method.
 892      *
 893      * @since 9
 894      */
 895     public synchronized void reseed() {
 896         secureRandomSpi.engineReseed(null);
 897     }
 898 
 899     /**
 900      * Reseeds this {@code SecureRandom} with entropy input read from its
 901      * entropy source with additional parameters.
 902      * <p>
 903      * Note that entropy is obtained from an entropy source. While
 904      * some data in {@code params} may contain entropy, its main usage is to
 905      * provide diversity.
 906      *
 907      * @param params extra parameters
 908      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the underlying provider
 909      *         implementation has not overridden this method.
 910      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code params} is {@code null},
 911      *         unrecognizable or unsupported by this {@code SecureRandom}
 912      *
 913      * @since 9
 914      */
 915     public synchronized void reseed(SecureRandomReseedParameters params) {
 916         if (params == null) {
 917             throw new IllegalArgumentException("params cannot be null");
 918         }
 919         secureRandomSpi.engineReseed(params);
 920     }
 921 
 922     // Declare serialVersionUID to be compatible with JDK1.1
 923     static final long serialVersionUID = 4940670005562187L;
 924 
 925     // Retain unused values serialized from JDK1.1
 926     /**
 927      * @serial
 928      */
 929     private byte[] state;
 930     /**
 931      * @serial
 932      */
 933     private MessageDigest digest = null;
 934     /**
 935      * @serial
 936      *
 937      * We know that the MessageDigest class does not implement
 938      * java.io.Serializable.  However, since this field is no longer
 939      * used, it will always be NULL and won't affect the serialization
 940      * of the {@code SecureRandom} class itself.
 941      */
 942     private byte[] randomBytes;
 943     /**
 944      * @serial
 945      */
 946     private int randomBytesUsed;
 947     /**
 948      * @serial
 949      */
 950     private long counter;
 951 }
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