1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1996, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
  10  *
  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  20  *
  21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  23  * questions.
  24  */
  25 
  26 package sun.security.x509;
  27 
  28 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
  29 import java.io.IOException;
  30 import java.io.OutputStream;
  31 import java.io.Reader;
  32 import java.security.AccessController;
  33 import java.text.Normalizer;
  34 import java.util.*;
  35 
  36 import sun.security.action.GetBooleanAction;
  37 import sun.security.util.*;
  38 import sun.security.pkcs.PKCS9Attribute;
  39 
  40 
  41 /**
  42  * X.500 Attribute-Value-Assertion (AVA):  an attribute, as identified by
  43  * some attribute ID, has some particular value.  Values are as a rule ASN.1
  44  * printable strings.  A conventional set of type IDs is recognized when
  45  * parsing (and generating) RFC 1779, 2253 or 4514 syntax strings.
  46  *
  47  * <P>AVAs are components of X.500 relative names.  Think of them as being
  48  * individual fields of a database record.  The attribute ID is how you
  49  * identify the field, and the value is part of a particular record.
  50  * <p>
  51  * Note that instances of this class are immutable.
  52  *
  53  * @see X500Name
  54  * @see RDN
  55  *
  56  *
  57  * @author David Brownell
  58  * @author Amit Kapoor
  59  * @author Hemma Prafullchandra
  60  */
  61 public class AVA implements DerEncoder {
  62 
  63     private static final Debug debug = Debug.getInstance("x509", "\t[AVA]");
  64     // See CR 6391482: if enabled this flag preserves the old but incorrect
  65     // PrintableString encoding for DomainComponent. It may need to be set to
  66     // avoid breaking preexisting certificates generated with sun.security APIs.
  67     private static final boolean PRESERVE_OLD_DC_ENCODING =
  68         AccessController.doPrivileged(new GetBooleanAction
  69             ("com.sun.security.preserveOldDCEncoding"));
  70 
  71     /**
  72      * DEFAULT format allows both RFC1779 and RFC2253 syntax and
  73      * additional keywords.
  74      */
  75     final static int DEFAULT = 1;
  76     /**
  77      * RFC1779 specifies format according to RFC1779.
  78      */
  79     final static int RFC1779 = 2;
  80     /**
  81      * RFC2253 specifies format according to RFC2253.
  82      */
  83     final static int RFC2253 = 3;
  84 
  85     // currently not private, accessed directly from RDN
  86     final ObjectIdentifier oid;
  87     final DerValue value;
  88 
  89     /*
  90      * If the value has any of these characters in it, it must be quoted.
  91      * Backslash and quote characters must also be individually escaped.
  92      * Leading and trailing spaces, also multiple internal spaces, also
  93      * call for quoting the whole string.
  94      */
  95     private static final String specialChars1779 = ",=\n+<>#;\\\"";
  96 
  97     /*
  98      * In RFC2253, if the value has any of these characters in it, it
  99      * must be quoted by a preceding \.
 100      */
 101     private static final String specialChars2253 = ",=+<>#;\\\"";
 102 
 103     /*
 104      * includes special chars from RFC1779 and RFC2253, as well as ' ' from
 105      * RFC 4514.
 106      */
 107     private static final String specialCharsDefault = ",=\n+<>#;\\\" ";
 108     private static final String escapedDefault = ",+<>;\"";
 109 
 110     /*
 111      * Values that aren't printable strings are emitted as BER-encoded
 112      * hex data.
 113      */
 114     private static final String hexDigits = "0123456789ABCDEF";
 115 
 116     public AVA(ObjectIdentifier type, DerValue val) {
 117         if ((type == null) || (val == null)) {
 118             throw new NullPointerException();
 119         }
 120         oid = type;
 121         value = val;
 122     }
 123 
 124     /**
 125      * Parse an RFC 1779, 2253 or 4514 style AVA string:  CN=fee fie foe fum
 126      * or perhaps with quotes.  Not all defined AVA tags are supported;
 127      * of current note are X.400 related ones (PRMD, ADMD, etc).
 128      *
 129      * This terminates at unescaped AVA separators ("+") or RDN
 130      * separators (",", ";"), and removes cosmetic whitespace at the end of
 131      * values.
 132      */
 133     AVA(Reader in) throws IOException {
 134         this(in, DEFAULT);
 135     }
 136 
 137     /**
 138      * Parse an RFC 1779, 2253 or 4514 style AVA string:  CN=fee fie foe fum
 139      * or perhaps with quotes. Additional keywords can be specified in the
 140      * keyword/OID map.
 141      *
 142      * This terminates at unescaped AVA separators ("+") or RDN
 143      * separators (",", ";"), and removes cosmetic whitespace at the end of
 144      * values.
 145      */
 146     AVA(Reader in, Map<String, String> keywordMap) throws IOException {
 147         this(in, DEFAULT, keywordMap);
 148     }
 149 
 150     /**
 151      * Parse an AVA string formatted according to format.
 152      */
 153     AVA(Reader in, int format) throws IOException {
 154         this(in, format, Collections.<String, String>emptyMap());
 155     }
 156 
 157     /**
 158      * Parse an AVA string formatted according to format.
 159      *
 160      * @param in Reader containing AVA String
 161      * @param format parsing format
 162      * @param keywordMap a Map where a keyword String maps to a corresponding
 163      *   OID String. Each AVA keyword will be mapped to the corresponding OID.
 164      *   If an entry does not exist, it will fallback to the builtin
 165      *   keyword/OID mapping.
 166      * @throws IOException if the AVA String is not valid in the specified
 167      *   format or an OID String from the keywordMap is improperly formatted
 168      */
 169     AVA(Reader in, int format, Map<String, String> keywordMap)
 170         throws IOException {
 171         // assume format is one of DEFAULT or RFC2253
 172 
 173         StringBuilder   temp = new StringBuilder();
 174         int             c;
 175 
 176         /*
 177          * First get the keyword indicating the attribute's type,
 178          * and map it to the appropriate OID.
 179          */
 180         while (true) {
 181             c = readChar(in, "Incorrect AVA format");
 182             if (c == '=') {
 183                 break;
 184             }
 185             temp.append((char)c);
 186         }
 187 
 188         oid = AVAKeyword.getOID(temp.toString(), format, keywordMap);
 189 
 190         /*
 191          * Now parse the value.  "#hex", a quoted string, or a string
 192          * terminated by "+", ",", ";".  Whitespace before or after
 193          * the value is stripped away unless format is RFC2253.
 194          */
 195         temp.setLength(0);
 196         if (format == RFC2253) {
 197             // read next character
 198             c = in.read();
 199             if (c == ' ') {
 200                 throw new IOException("Incorrect AVA RFC2253 format - " +
 201                                       "leading space must be escaped");
 202             }
 203         } else {
 204             // read next character skipping whitespace
 205             do {
 206                 c = in.read();
 207             } while ((c == ' ') || (c == '\n'));
 208         }
 209         if (c == -1) {
 210             // empty value
 211             value = new DerValue("");
 212             return;
 213         }
 214 
 215         if (c == '#') {
 216             value = parseHexString(in, format);
 217         } else if ((c == '"') && (format != RFC2253)) {
 218             value = parseQuotedString(in, temp);
 219         } else {
 220             value = parseString(in, c, format, temp);
 221         }
 222     }
 223 
 224     /**
 225      * Get the ObjectIdentifier of this AVA.
 226      */
 227     public ObjectIdentifier getObjectIdentifier() {
 228         return oid;
 229     }
 230 
 231     /**
 232      * Get the value of this AVA as a DerValue.
 233      */
 234     public DerValue getDerValue() {
 235         return value;
 236     }
 237 
 238     /**
 239      * Get the value of this AVA as a String.
 240      *
 241      * @exception RuntimeException if we could not obtain the string form
 242      *    (should not occur)
 243      */
 244     public String getValueString() {
 245         try {
 246             String s = value.getAsString();
 247             if (s == null) {
 248                 throw new RuntimeException("AVA string is null");
 249             }
 250             return s;
 251         } catch (IOException e) {
 252             // should not occur
 253             throw new RuntimeException("AVA error: " + e, e);
 254         }
 255     }
 256 
 257     private static DerValue parseHexString
 258         (Reader in, int format) throws IOException {
 259 
 260         int c;
 261         ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
 262         byte b = 0;
 263         int cNdx = 0;
 264         while (true) {
 265             c = in.read();
 266 
 267             if (isTerminator(c, format)) {
 268                 break;
 269             }
 270 
 271             int cVal = hexDigits.indexOf(Character.toUpperCase((char)c));
 272 
 273             if (cVal == -1) {
 274                 throw new IOException("AVA parse, invalid hex " +
 275                                               "digit: "+ (char)c);
 276             }
 277 
 278             if ((cNdx % 2) == 1) {
 279                 b = (byte)((b * 16) + (byte)(cVal));
 280                 baos.write(b);
 281             } else {
 282                 b = (byte)(cVal);
 283             }
 284             cNdx++;
 285         }
 286 
 287         // throw exception if no hex digits
 288         if (cNdx == 0) {
 289             throw new IOException("AVA parse, zero hex digits");
 290         }
 291 
 292         // throw exception if odd number of hex digits
 293         if (cNdx % 2 == 1) {
 294             throw new IOException("AVA parse, odd number of hex digits");
 295         }
 296 
 297         return new DerValue(baos.toByteArray());
 298     }
 299 
 300     private DerValue parseQuotedString
 301         (Reader in, StringBuilder temp) throws IOException {
 302 
 303         // RFC1779 specifies that an entire RDN may be enclosed in double
 304         // quotes. In this case the syntax is any sequence of
 305         // backslash-specialChar, backslash-backslash,
 306         // backslash-doublequote, or character other than backslash or
 307         // doublequote.
 308         int c = readChar(in, "Quoted string did not end in quote");
 309 
 310         List<Byte> embeddedHex = new ArrayList<Byte>();
 311         boolean isPrintableString = true;
 312         while (c != '"') {
 313             if (c == '\\') {
 314                 c = readChar(in, "Quoted string did not end in quote");
 315 
 316                 // check for embedded hex pairs
 317                 Byte hexByte = null;
 318                 if ((hexByte = getEmbeddedHexPair(c, in)) != null) {
 319 
 320                     // always encode AVAs with embedded hex as UTF8
 321                     isPrintableString = false;
 322 
 323                     // append consecutive embedded hex
 324                     // as single string later
 325                     embeddedHex.add(hexByte);
 326                     c = in.read();
 327                     continue;
 328                 }
 329 
 330                 if (specialChars1779.indexOf((char)c) < 0) {
 331                     throw new IOException
 332                         ("Invalid escaped character in AVA: " +
 333                         (char)c);
 334                 }
 335             }
 336 
 337             // add embedded hex bytes before next char
 338             if (embeddedHex.size() > 0) {
 339                 String hexString = getEmbeddedHexString(embeddedHex);
 340                 temp.append(hexString);
 341                 embeddedHex.clear();
 342             }
 343 
 344             // check for non-PrintableString chars
 345             isPrintableString &= DerValue.isPrintableStringChar((char)c);
 346             temp.append((char)c);
 347             c = readChar(in, "Quoted string did not end in quote");
 348         }
 349 
 350         // add trailing embedded hex bytes
 351         if (embeddedHex.size() > 0) {
 352             String hexString = getEmbeddedHexString(embeddedHex);
 353             temp.append(hexString);
 354             embeddedHex.clear();
 355         }
 356 
 357         do {
 358             c = in.read();
 359         } while ((c == '\n') || (c == ' '));
 360         if (c != -1) {
 361             throw new IOException("AVA had characters other than "
 362                     + "whitespace after terminating quote");
 363         }
 364 
 365         // encode as PrintableString unless value contains
 366         // non-PrintableString chars
 367         if (this.oid.equals((Object)PKCS9Attribute.EMAIL_ADDRESS_OID) ||
 368             (this.oid.equals((Object)X500Name.DOMAIN_COMPONENT_OID) &&
 369                 PRESERVE_OLD_DC_ENCODING == false)) {
 370             // EmailAddress and DomainComponent must be IA5String
 371             return new DerValue(DerValue.tag_IA5String,
 372                                         temp.toString().trim());
 373         } else if (isPrintableString) {
 374             return new DerValue(temp.toString().trim());
 375         } else {
 376             return new DerValue(DerValue.tag_UTF8String,
 377                                         temp.toString().trim());
 378         }
 379     }
 380 
 381     private DerValue parseString
 382         (Reader in, int c, int format, StringBuilder temp) throws IOException {
 383 
 384         List<Byte> embeddedHex = new ArrayList<>();
 385         boolean isPrintableString = true;
 386         boolean escape = false;
 387         boolean leadingChar = true;
 388         int spaceCount = 0;
 389         do {
 390             escape = false;
 391             if (c == '\\') {
 392                 escape = true;
 393                 c = readChar(in, "Invalid trailing backslash");
 394 
 395                 // check for embedded hex pairs
 396                 Byte hexByte = null;
 397                 if ((hexByte = getEmbeddedHexPair(c, in)) != null) {
 398 
 399                     // always encode AVAs with embedded hex as UTF8
 400                     isPrintableString = false;
 401 
 402                     // append consecutive embedded hex
 403                     // as single string later
 404                     embeddedHex.add(hexByte);
 405                     c = in.read();
 406                     leadingChar = false;
 407                     continue;
 408                 }
 409 
 410                 // check if character was improperly escaped
 411                 if (format == DEFAULT &&
 412                        specialCharsDefault.indexOf((char)c) == -1) {
 413                     throw new IOException
 414                         ("Invalid escaped character in AVA: '" +
 415                         (char)c + "'");
 416                 } else if (format == RFC2253) {
 417                     if (c == ' ') {
 418                         // only leading/trailing space can be escaped
 419                         if (!leadingChar && !trailingSpace(in)) {
 420                             throw new IOException
 421                                     ("Invalid escaped space character " +
 422                                     "in AVA.  Only a leading or trailing " +
 423                                     "space character can be escaped.");
 424                         }
 425                     } else if (c == '#') {
 426                         // only leading '#' can be escaped
 427                         if (!leadingChar) {
 428                             throw new IOException
 429                                 ("Invalid escaped '#' character in AVA.  " +
 430                                 "Only a leading '#' can be escaped.");
 431                         }
 432                     } else if (specialChars2253.indexOf((char)c) == -1) {
 433                         throw new IOException
 434                                 ("Invalid escaped character in AVA: '" +
 435                                 (char)c + "'");
 436                     }
 437                 }
 438             } else {
 439                 // check if character should have been escaped
 440                 if (format == RFC2253) {
 441                     if (specialChars2253.indexOf((char)c) != -1) {
 442                         throw new IOException
 443                                 ("Character '" + (char)c +
 444                                  "' in AVA appears without escape");
 445                     }
 446                 } else if (escapedDefault.indexOf((char)c) != -1) {
 447                     throw new IOException
 448                             ("Character '" + (char)c +
 449                             "' in AVA appears without escape");
 450                 }
 451             }
 452 
 453             // add embedded hex bytes before next char
 454             if (embeddedHex.size() > 0) {
 455                 // add space(s) before embedded hex bytes
 456                 for (int i = 0; i < spaceCount; i++) {
 457                     temp.append(" ");
 458                 }
 459                 spaceCount = 0;
 460 
 461                 String hexString = getEmbeddedHexString(embeddedHex);
 462                 temp.append(hexString);
 463                 embeddedHex.clear();
 464             }
 465 
 466             // check for non-PrintableString chars
 467             isPrintableString &= DerValue.isPrintableStringChar((char)c);
 468             if (c == ' ' && escape == false) {
 469                 // do not add non-escaped spaces yet
 470                 // (non-escaped trailing spaces are ignored)
 471                 spaceCount++;
 472             } else {
 473                 // add space(s)
 474                 for (int i = 0; i < spaceCount; i++) {
 475                     temp.append(" ");
 476                 }
 477                 spaceCount = 0;
 478                 temp.append((char)c);
 479             }
 480             c = in.read();
 481             leadingChar = false;
 482         } while (isTerminator(c, format) == false);
 483 
 484         if (format == RFC2253 && spaceCount > 0) {
 485             throw new IOException("Incorrect AVA RFC2253 format - " +
 486                                         "trailing space must be escaped");
 487         }
 488 
 489         // add trailing embedded hex bytes
 490         if (embeddedHex.size() > 0) {
 491             String hexString = getEmbeddedHexString(embeddedHex);
 492             temp.append(hexString);
 493             embeddedHex.clear();
 494         }
 495 
 496         // encode as PrintableString unless value contains
 497         // non-PrintableString chars
 498         if (this.oid.equals((Object)PKCS9Attribute.EMAIL_ADDRESS_OID) ||
 499             (this.oid.equals((Object)X500Name.DOMAIN_COMPONENT_OID) &&
 500                 PRESERVE_OLD_DC_ENCODING == false)) {
 501             // EmailAddress and DomainComponent must be IA5String
 502             return new DerValue(DerValue.tag_IA5String, temp.toString());
 503         } else if (isPrintableString) {
 504             return new DerValue(temp.toString());
 505         } else {
 506             return new DerValue(DerValue.tag_UTF8String, temp.toString());
 507         }
 508     }
 509 
 510     private static Byte getEmbeddedHexPair(int c1, Reader in)
 511         throws IOException {
 512 
 513         if (hexDigits.indexOf(Character.toUpperCase((char)c1)) >= 0) {
 514             int c2 = readChar(in, "unexpected EOF - " +
 515                         "escaped hex value must include two valid digits");
 516 
 517             if (hexDigits.indexOf(Character.toUpperCase((char)c2)) >= 0) {
 518                 int hi = Character.digit((char)c1, 16);
 519                 int lo = Character.digit((char)c2, 16);
 520                 return (byte)((hi<<4) + lo);
 521             } else {
 522                 throw new IOException
 523                         ("escaped hex value must include two valid digits");
 524             }
 525         }
 526         return null;
 527     }
 528 
 529     private static String getEmbeddedHexString(List<Byte> hexList)
 530                                                 throws IOException {
 531         int n = hexList.size();
 532         byte[] hexBytes = new byte[n];
 533         for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
 534                 hexBytes[i] = hexList.get(i).byteValue();
 535         }
 536         return new String(hexBytes, "UTF8");
 537     }
 538 
 539     private static boolean isTerminator(int ch, int format) {
 540         switch (ch) {
 541         case -1:
 542         case '+':
 543         case ',':
 544             return true;
 545         case ';':
 546             return format != RFC2253;
 547         default:
 548             return false;
 549         }
 550     }
 551 
 552     private static int readChar(Reader in, String errMsg) throws IOException {
 553         int c = in.read();
 554         if (c == -1) {
 555             throw new IOException(errMsg);
 556         }
 557         return c;
 558     }
 559 
 560     private static boolean trailingSpace(Reader in) throws IOException {
 561 
 562         boolean trailing = false;
 563 
 564         if (!in.markSupported()) {
 565             // oh well
 566             return true;
 567         } else {
 568             // make readAheadLimit huge -
 569             // in practice, AVA was passed a StringReader from X500Name,
 570             // and StringReader ignores readAheadLimit anyways
 571             in.mark(9999);
 572             while (true) {
 573                 int nextChar = in.read();
 574                 if (nextChar == -1) {
 575                     trailing = true;
 576                     break;
 577                 } else if (nextChar == ' ') {
 578                     continue;
 579                 } else if (nextChar == '\\') {
 580                     int followingChar = in.read();
 581                     if (followingChar != ' ') {
 582                         trailing = false;
 583                         break;
 584                     }
 585                 } else {
 586                     trailing = false;
 587                     break;
 588                 }
 589             }
 590 
 591             in.reset();
 592             return trailing;
 593         }
 594     }
 595 
 596     AVA(DerValue derval) throws IOException {
 597         // Individual attribute value assertions are SEQUENCE of two values.
 598         // That'd be a "struct" outside of ASN.1.
 599         if (derval.tag != DerValue.tag_Sequence) {
 600             throw new IOException("AVA not a sequence");
 601         }
 602         oid = X500Name.intern(derval.data.getOID());
 603         value = derval.data.getDerValue();
 604 
 605         if (derval.data.available() != 0) {
 606             throw new IOException("AVA, extra bytes = "
 607                 + derval.data.available());
 608         }
 609     }
 610 
 611     AVA(DerInputStream in) throws IOException {
 612         this(in.getDerValue());
 613     }
 614 
 615     public boolean equals(Object obj) {
 616         if (this == obj) {
 617             return true;
 618         }
 619         if (obj instanceof AVA == false) {
 620             return false;
 621         }
 622         AVA other = (AVA)obj;
 623         return this.toRFC2253CanonicalString().equals
 624                                 (other.toRFC2253CanonicalString());
 625     }
 626 
 627     /**
 628      * Returns a hashcode for this AVA.
 629      *
 630      * @return a hashcode for this AVA.
 631      */
 632     public int hashCode() {
 633         return toRFC2253CanonicalString().hashCode();
 634     }
 635 
 636     /*
 637      * AVAs are encoded as a SEQUENCE of two elements.
 638      */
 639     public void encode(DerOutputStream out) throws IOException {
 640         derEncode(out);
 641     }
 642 
 643     /**
 644      * DER encode this object onto an output stream.
 645      * Implements the <code>DerEncoder</code> interface.
 646      *
 647      * @param out
 648      * the output stream on which to write the DER encoding.
 649      *
 650      * @exception IOException on encoding error.
 651      */
 652     public void derEncode(OutputStream out) throws IOException {
 653         DerOutputStream         tmp = new DerOutputStream();
 654         DerOutputStream         tmp2 = new DerOutputStream();
 655 
 656         tmp.putOID(oid);
 657         value.encode(tmp);
 658         tmp2.write(DerValue.tag_Sequence, tmp);
 659         out.write(tmp2.toByteArray());
 660     }
 661 
 662     private String toKeyword(int format, Map<String, String> oidMap) {
 663         return AVAKeyword.getKeyword(oid, format, oidMap);
 664     }
 665 
 666     /**
 667      * Returns a printable form of this attribute, using RFC 1779
 668      * syntax for individual attribute/value assertions.
 669      */
 670     public String toString() {
 671         return toKeywordValueString
 672             (toKeyword(DEFAULT, Collections.<String, String>emptyMap()));
 673     }
 674 
 675     /**
 676      * Returns a printable form of this attribute, using RFC 1779
 677      * syntax for individual attribute/value assertions. It only
 678      * emits standardised keywords.
 679      */
 680     public String toRFC1779String() {
 681         return toRFC1779String(Collections.<String, String>emptyMap());
 682     }
 683 
 684     /**
 685      * Returns a printable form of this attribute, using RFC 1779
 686      * syntax for individual attribute/value assertions. It
 687      * emits standardised keywords, as well as keywords contained in the
 688      * OID/keyword map.
 689      */
 690     public String toRFC1779String(Map<String, String> oidMap) {
 691         return toKeywordValueString(toKeyword(RFC1779, oidMap));
 692     }
 693 
 694     /**
 695      * Returns a printable form of this attribute, using RFC 2253
 696      * syntax for individual attribute/value assertions. It only
 697      * emits standardised keywords.
 698      */
 699     public String toRFC2253String() {
 700         return toRFC2253String(Collections.<String, String>emptyMap());
 701     }
 702 
 703     /**
 704      * Returns a printable form of this attribute, using RFC 2253
 705      * syntax for individual attribute/value assertions. It
 706      * emits standardised keywords, as well as keywords contained in the
 707      * OID/keyword map.
 708      */
 709     public String toRFC2253String(Map<String, String> oidMap) {
 710         /*
 711          * Section 2.3: The AttributeTypeAndValue is encoded as the string
 712          * representation of the AttributeType, followed by an equals character
 713          * ('=' ASCII 61), followed by the string representation of the
 714          * AttributeValue. The encoding of the AttributeValue is given in
 715          * section 2.4.
 716          */
 717         StringBuilder typeAndValue = new StringBuilder(100);
 718         typeAndValue.append(toKeyword(RFC2253, oidMap));
 719         typeAndValue.append('=');
 720 
 721         /*
 722          * Section 2.4: Converting an AttributeValue from ASN.1 to a String.
 723          * If the AttributeValue is of a type which does not have a string
 724          * representation defined for it, then it is simply encoded as an
 725          * octothorpe character ('#' ASCII 35) followed by the hexadecimal
 726          * representation of each of the bytes of the BER encoding of the X.500
 727          * AttributeValue.  This form SHOULD be used if the AttributeType is of
 728          * the dotted-decimal form.
 729          */
 730         if ((typeAndValue.charAt(0) >= '0' && typeAndValue.charAt(0) <= '9') ||
 731             !isDerString(value, false))
 732         {
 733             byte[] data = null;
 734             try {
 735                 data = value.toByteArray();
 736             } catch (IOException ie) {
 737                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("DER Value conversion");
 738             }
 739             typeAndValue.append('#');
 740             for (int j = 0; j < data.length; j++) {
 741                 byte b = data[j];
 742                 typeAndValue.append(Character.forDigit(0xF & (b >>> 4), 16));
 743                 typeAndValue.append(Character.forDigit(0xF & b, 16));
 744             }
 745         } else {
 746             /*
 747              * 2.4 (cont): Otherwise, if the AttributeValue is of a type which
 748              * has a string representation, the value is converted first to a
 749              * UTF-8 string according to its syntax specification.
 750              *
 751              * NOTE: this implementation only emits DirectoryStrings of the
 752              * types returned by isDerString().
 753              */
 754             String valStr = null;
 755             try {
 756                 valStr = new String(value.getDataBytes(), "UTF8");
 757             } catch (IOException ie) {
 758                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("DER Value conversion");
 759             }
 760 
 761             /*
 762              * 2.4 (cont): If the UTF-8 string does not have any of the
 763              * following characters which need escaping, then that string can be
 764              * used as the string representation of the value.
 765              *
 766              *   o   a space or "#" character occurring at the beginning of the
 767              *       string
 768              *   o   a space character occurring at the end of the string
 769              *   o   one of the characters ",", "+", """, "\", "<", ">" or ";"
 770              *
 771              * Implementations MAY escape other characters.
 772              *
 773              * NOTE: this implementation also recognizes "=" and "#" as
 774              * characters which need escaping, and null which is escaped as
 775              * '\00' (see RFC 4514).
 776              *
 777              * If a character to be escaped is one of the list shown above, then
 778              * it is prefixed by a backslash ('\' ASCII 92).
 779              *
 780              * Otherwise the character to be escaped is replaced by a backslash
 781              * and two hex digits, which form a single byte in the code of the
 782              * character.
 783              */
 784             final String escapees = ",=+<>#;\"\\";
 785             StringBuilder sbuffer = new StringBuilder();
 786 
 787             for (int i = 0; i < valStr.length(); i++) {
 788                 char c = valStr.charAt(i);
 789                 if (DerValue.isPrintableStringChar(c) ||
 790                     escapees.indexOf(c) >= 0) {
 791 
 792                     // escape escapees
 793                     if (escapees.indexOf(c) >= 0) {
 794                         sbuffer.append('\\');
 795                     }
 796 
 797                     // append printable/escaped char
 798                     sbuffer.append(c);
 799 
 800                 } else if (c == '\u0000') {
 801                     // escape null character
 802                     sbuffer.append("\\00");
 803 
 804                 } else if (debug != null && Debug.isOn("ava")) {
 805 
 806                     // embed non-printable/non-escaped char
 807                     // as escaped hex pairs for debugging
 808                     byte[] valueBytes = null;
 809                     try {
 810                         valueBytes = Character.toString(c).getBytes("UTF8");
 811                     } catch (IOException ie) {
 812                         throw new IllegalArgumentException
 813                                         ("DER Value conversion");
 814                     }
 815                     for (int j = 0; j < valueBytes.length; j++) {
 816                         sbuffer.append('\\');
 817                         char hexChar = Character.forDigit
 818                                 (0xF & (valueBytes[j] >>> 4), 16);
 819                         sbuffer.append(Character.toUpperCase(hexChar));
 820                         hexChar = Character.forDigit
 821                                 (0xF & (valueBytes[j]), 16);
 822                         sbuffer.append(Character.toUpperCase(hexChar));
 823                     }
 824                 } else {
 825 
 826                     // append non-printable/non-escaped char
 827                     sbuffer.append(c);
 828                 }
 829             }
 830 
 831             char[] chars = sbuffer.toString().toCharArray();
 832             sbuffer = new StringBuilder();
 833 
 834             // Find leading and trailing whitespace.
 835             int lead;   // index of first char that is not leading whitespace
 836             for (lead = 0; lead < chars.length; lead++) {
 837                 if (chars[lead] != ' ' && chars[lead] != '\r') {
 838                     break;
 839                 }
 840             }
 841             int trail;  // index of last char that is not trailing whitespace
 842             for (trail = chars.length - 1; trail >= 0; trail--) {
 843                 if (chars[trail] != ' ' && chars[trail] != '\r') {
 844                     break;
 845                 }
 846             }
 847 
 848             // escape leading and trailing whitespace
 849             for (int i = 0; i < chars.length; i++) {
 850                 char c = chars[i];
 851                 if (i < lead || i > trail) {
 852                     sbuffer.append('\\');
 853                 }
 854                 sbuffer.append(c);
 855             }
 856             typeAndValue.append(sbuffer.toString());
 857         }
 858         return typeAndValue.toString();
 859     }
 860 
 861     public String toRFC2253CanonicalString() {
 862         /*
 863          * Section 2.3: The AttributeTypeAndValue is encoded as the string
 864          * representation of the AttributeType, followed by an equals character
 865          * ('=' ASCII 61), followed by the string representation of the
 866          * AttributeValue. The encoding of the AttributeValue is given in
 867          * section 2.4.
 868          */
 869         StringBuilder typeAndValue = new StringBuilder(40);
 870         typeAndValue.append
 871             (toKeyword(RFC2253, Collections.<String, String>emptyMap()));
 872         typeAndValue.append('=');
 873 
 874         /*
 875          * Section 2.4: Converting an AttributeValue from ASN.1 to a String.
 876          * If the AttributeValue is of a type which does not have a string
 877          * representation defined for it, then it is simply encoded as an
 878          * octothorpe character ('#' ASCII 35) followed by the hexadecimal
 879          * representation of each of the bytes of the BER encoding of the X.500
 880          * AttributeValue.  This form SHOULD be used if the AttributeType is of
 881          * the dotted-decimal form.
 882          */
 883         if ((typeAndValue.charAt(0) >= '0' && typeAndValue.charAt(0) <= '9') ||
 884             !isDerString(value, true))
 885         {
 886             byte[] data = null;
 887             try {
 888                 data = value.toByteArray();
 889             } catch (IOException ie) {
 890                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("DER Value conversion");
 891             }
 892             typeAndValue.append('#');
 893             for (int j = 0; j < data.length; j++) {
 894                 byte b = data[j];
 895                 typeAndValue.append(Character.forDigit(0xF & (b >>> 4), 16));
 896                 typeAndValue.append(Character.forDigit(0xF & b, 16));
 897             }
 898         } else {
 899             /*
 900              * 2.4 (cont): Otherwise, if the AttributeValue is of a type which
 901              * has a string representation, the value is converted first to a
 902              * UTF-8 string according to its syntax specification.
 903              *
 904              * NOTE: this implementation only emits DirectoryStrings of the
 905              * types returned by isDerString().
 906              */
 907             String valStr = null;
 908             try {
 909                 valStr = new String(value.getDataBytes(), "UTF8");
 910             } catch (IOException ie) {
 911                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("DER Value conversion");
 912             }
 913 
 914             /*
 915              * 2.4 (cont): If the UTF-8 string does not have any of the
 916              * following characters which need escaping, then that string can be
 917              * used as the string representation of the value.
 918              *
 919              *   o   a space or "#" character occurring at the beginning of the
 920              *       string
 921              *   o   a space character occurring at the end of the string
 922              *
 923              *   o   one of the characters ",", "+", """, "\", "<", ">" or ";"
 924              *
 925              * If a character to be escaped is one of the list shown above, then
 926              * it is prefixed by a backslash ('\' ASCII 92).
 927              *
 928              * Otherwise the character to be escaped is replaced by a backslash
 929              * and two hex digits, which form a single byte in the code of the
 930              * character.
 931              */
 932             final String escapees = ",+<>;\"\\";
 933             StringBuilder sbuffer = new StringBuilder();
 934             boolean previousWhite = false;
 935 
 936             for (int i = 0; i < valStr.length(); i++) {
 937                 char c = valStr.charAt(i);
 938 
 939                 if (DerValue.isPrintableStringChar(c) ||
 940                     escapees.indexOf(c) >= 0 ||
 941                     (i == 0 && c == '#')) {
 942 
 943                     // escape leading '#' and escapees
 944                     if ((i == 0 && c == '#') || escapees.indexOf(c) >= 0) {
 945                         sbuffer.append('\\');
 946                     }
 947 
 948                     // convert multiple whitespace to single whitespace
 949                     if (!Character.isWhitespace(c)) {
 950                         previousWhite = false;
 951                         sbuffer.append(c);
 952                     } else {
 953                         if (previousWhite == false) {
 954                             // add single whitespace
 955                             previousWhite = true;
 956                             sbuffer.append(c);
 957                         } else {
 958                             // ignore subsequent consecutive whitespace
 959                             continue;
 960                         }
 961                     }
 962 
 963                 } else if (debug != null && Debug.isOn("ava")) {
 964 
 965                     // embed non-printable/non-escaped char
 966                     // as escaped hex pairs for debugging
 967 
 968                     previousWhite = false;
 969 
 970                     byte valueBytes[] = null;
 971                     try {
 972                         valueBytes = Character.toString(c).getBytes("UTF8");
 973                     } catch (IOException ie) {
 974                         throw new IllegalArgumentException
 975                                         ("DER Value conversion");
 976                     }
 977                     for (int j = 0; j < valueBytes.length; j++) {
 978                         sbuffer.append('\\');
 979                         sbuffer.append(Character.forDigit
 980                                         (0xF & (valueBytes[j] >>> 4), 16));
 981                         sbuffer.append(Character.forDigit
 982                                         (0xF & (valueBytes[j]), 16));
 983                     }
 984                 } else {
 985 
 986                     // append non-printable/non-escaped char
 987 
 988                     previousWhite = false;
 989                     sbuffer.append(c);
 990                 }
 991             }
 992 
 993             // remove leading and trailing whitespace from value
 994             typeAndValue.append(sbuffer.toString().trim());
 995         }
 996 
 997         String canon = typeAndValue.toString();
 998         canon = canon.toUpperCase(Locale.US).toLowerCase(Locale.US);
 999         return Normalizer.normalize(canon, Normalizer.Form.NFKD);
1000     }
1001 
1002     /*
1003      * Return true if DerValue can be represented as a String.
1004      */
1005     private static boolean isDerString(DerValue value, boolean canonical) {
1006         if (canonical) {
1007             switch (value.tag) {
1008                 case DerValue.tag_PrintableString:
1009                 case DerValue.tag_UTF8String:
1010                     return true;
1011                 default:
1012                     return false;
1013             }
1014         } else {
1015             switch (value.tag) {
1016                 case DerValue.tag_PrintableString:
1017                 case DerValue.tag_T61String:
1018                 case DerValue.tag_IA5String:
1019                 case DerValue.tag_GeneralString:
1020                 case DerValue.tag_BMPString:
1021                 case DerValue.tag_UTF8String:
1022                     return true;
1023                 default:
1024                     return false;
1025             }
1026         }
1027     }
1028 
1029     boolean hasRFC2253Keyword() {
1030         return AVAKeyword.hasKeyword(oid, RFC2253);
1031     }
1032 
1033     private String toKeywordValueString(String keyword) {
1034         /*
1035          * Construct the value with as little copying and garbage
1036          * production as practical.  First the keyword (mandatory),
1037          * then the equals sign, finally the value.
1038          */
1039         StringBuilder   retval = new StringBuilder(40);
1040 
1041         retval.append(keyword);
1042         retval.append("=");
1043 
1044         try {
1045             String valStr = value.getAsString();
1046 
1047             if (valStr == null) {
1048 
1049                 // rfc1779 specifies that attribute values associated
1050                 // with non-standard keyword attributes may be represented
1051                 // using the hex format below.  This will be used only
1052                 // when the value is not a string type
1053 
1054                 byte    data [] = value.toByteArray();
1055 
1056                 retval.append('#');
1057                 for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
1058                     retval.append(hexDigits.charAt((data [i] >> 4) & 0x0f));
1059                     retval.append(hexDigits.charAt(data [i] & 0x0f));
1060                 }
1061 
1062             } else {
1063 
1064                 boolean quoteNeeded = false;
1065                 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
1066                 boolean previousWhite = false;
1067                 final String escapees = ",+=\n<>#;\\\"";
1068 
1069                 /*
1070                  * Special characters (e.g. AVA list separators) cause strings
1071                  * to need quoting, or at least escaping.  So do leading or
1072                  * trailing spaces, and multiple internal spaces.
1073                  */
1074                 int length = valStr.length();
1075                 boolean alreadyQuoted =
1076                     (length > 1 && valStr.charAt(0) == '\"'
1077                      && valStr.charAt(length - 1) == '\"');
1078 
1079                 for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
1080                     char c = valStr.charAt(i);
1081                     if (alreadyQuoted && (i == 0 || i == length - 1)) {
1082                         sb.append(c);
1083                         continue;
1084                     }
1085                     if (DerValue.isPrintableStringChar(c) ||
1086                         escapees.indexOf(c) >= 0) {
1087 
1088                         // quote if leading whitespace or special chars
1089                         if (!quoteNeeded &&
1090                             ((i == 0 && (c == ' ' || c == '\n')) ||
1091                                 escapees.indexOf(c) >= 0)) {
1092                             quoteNeeded = true;
1093                         }
1094 
1095                         // quote if multiple internal whitespace
1096                         if (!(c == ' ' || c == '\n')) {
1097                             // escape '"' and '\'
1098                             if (c == '"' || c == '\\') {
1099                                 sb.append('\\');
1100                             }
1101                             previousWhite = false;
1102                         } else {
1103                             if (!quoteNeeded && previousWhite) {
1104                                 quoteNeeded = true;
1105                             }
1106                             previousWhite = true;
1107                         }
1108 
1109                         sb.append(c);
1110 
1111                     } else if (debug != null && Debug.isOn("ava")) {
1112 
1113                         // embed non-printable/non-escaped char
1114                         // as escaped hex pairs for debugging
1115 
1116                         previousWhite = false;
1117 
1118                         // embed escaped hex pairs
1119                         byte[] valueBytes =
1120                                 Character.toString(c).getBytes("UTF8");
1121                         for (int j = 0; j < valueBytes.length; j++) {
1122                             sb.append('\\');
1123                             char hexChar = Character.forDigit
1124                                         (0xF & (valueBytes[j] >>> 4), 16);
1125                             sb.append(Character.toUpperCase(hexChar));
1126                             hexChar = Character.forDigit
1127                                         (0xF & (valueBytes[j]), 16);
1128                             sb.append(Character.toUpperCase(hexChar));
1129                         }
1130                     } else {
1131 
1132                         // append non-printable/non-escaped char
1133 
1134                         previousWhite = false;
1135                         sb.append(c);
1136                     }
1137                 }
1138 
1139                 // quote if trailing whitespace
1140                 if (sb.length() > 0) {
1141                     char trailChar = sb.charAt(sb.length() - 1);
1142                     if (trailChar == ' ' || trailChar == '\n') {
1143                         quoteNeeded = true;
1144                     }
1145                 }
1146 
1147                 // Emit the string ... quote it if needed
1148                 // if string is already quoted, don't re-quote
1149                 if (!alreadyQuoted && quoteNeeded) {
1150                     retval.append('"').append(sb).append('"');
1151                 } else {
1152                     retval.append(sb);
1153                 }
1154             }
1155         } catch (IOException e) {
1156             throw new IllegalArgumentException("DER Value conversion");
1157         }
1158 
1159         return retval.toString();
1160     }
1161 
1162 }
1163 
1164 /**
1165  * Helper class that allows conversion from String to ObjectIdentifier and
1166  * vice versa according to RFC1779, RFC2253, and an augmented version of
1167  * those standards.
1168  */
1169 class AVAKeyword {
1170 
1171     private static final Map<ObjectIdentifier,AVAKeyword> oidMap;
1172     private static final Map<String,AVAKeyword> keywordMap;
1173 
1174     private String keyword;
1175     private ObjectIdentifier oid;
1176     private boolean rfc1779Compliant, rfc2253Compliant;
1177 
1178     private AVAKeyword(String keyword, ObjectIdentifier oid,
1179                boolean rfc1779Compliant, boolean rfc2253Compliant) {
1180         this.keyword = keyword;
1181         this.oid = oid;
1182         this.rfc1779Compliant = rfc1779Compliant;
1183         this.rfc2253Compliant = rfc2253Compliant;
1184 
1185         // register it
1186         oidMap.put(oid, this);
1187         keywordMap.put(keyword, this);
1188     }
1189 
1190     private boolean isCompliant(int standard) {
1191         switch (standard) {
1192         case AVA.RFC1779:
1193             return rfc1779Compliant;
1194         case AVA.RFC2253:
1195             return rfc2253Compliant;
1196         case AVA.DEFAULT:
1197             return true;
1198         default:
1199             // should not occur, internal error
1200             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid standard " + standard);
1201         }
1202     }
1203 
1204     /**
1205      * Get an object identifier representing the specified keyword (or
1206      * string encoded object identifier) in the given standard.
1207      *
1208      * @param keywordMap a Map where a keyword String maps to a corresponding
1209      *   OID String. Each AVA keyword will be mapped to the corresponding OID.
1210      *   If an entry does not exist, it will fallback to the builtin
1211      *   keyword/OID mapping.
1212      * @throws IOException If the keyword is not valid in the specified standard
1213      *   or the OID String to which a keyword maps to is improperly formatted.
1214      */
1215     static ObjectIdentifier getOID
1216         (String keyword, int standard, Map<String, String> extraKeywordMap)
1217             throws IOException {
1218 
1219         keyword = keyword.toUpperCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
1220         if (standard == AVA.RFC2253) {
1221             if (keyword.startsWith(" ") || keyword.endsWith(" ")) {
1222                 throw new IOException("Invalid leading or trailing space " +
1223                         "in keyword \"" + keyword + "\"");
1224             }
1225         } else {
1226             keyword = keyword.trim();
1227         }
1228 
1229         // check user-specified keyword map first, then fallback to built-in
1230         // map
1231         String oidString = extraKeywordMap.get(keyword);
1232         if (oidString == null) {
1233             AVAKeyword ak = keywordMap.get(keyword);
1234             if ((ak != null) && ak.isCompliant(standard)) {
1235                 return ak.oid;
1236             }
1237         } else {
1238             return new ObjectIdentifier(oidString);
1239         }
1240 
1241         // no keyword found, check if OID string
1242         if (standard == AVA.DEFAULT && keyword.startsWith("OID.")) {
1243             keyword = keyword.substring(4);
1244         }
1245 
1246         boolean number = false;
1247         if (keyword.length() != 0) {
1248             char ch = keyword.charAt(0);
1249             if ((ch >= '0') && (ch <= '9')) {
1250                 number = true;
1251             }
1252         }
1253         if (number == false) {
1254             throw new IOException("Invalid keyword \"" + keyword + "\"");
1255         }
1256         return new ObjectIdentifier(keyword);
1257     }
1258 
1259     /**
1260      * Get a keyword for the given ObjectIdentifier according to standard.
1261      * If no keyword is available, the ObjectIdentifier is encoded as a
1262      * String.
1263      */
1264     static String getKeyword(ObjectIdentifier oid, int standard) {
1265         return getKeyword
1266             (oid, standard, Collections.<String, String>emptyMap());
1267     }
1268 
1269     /**
1270      * Get a keyword for the given ObjectIdentifier according to standard.
1271      * Checks the extraOidMap for a keyword first, then falls back to the
1272      * builtin/default set. If no keyword is available, the ObjectIdentifier
1273      * is encoded as a String.
1274      */
1275     static String getKeyword
1276         (ObjectIdentifier oid, int standard, Map<String, String> extraOidMap) {
1277 
1278         // check extraOidMap first, then fallback to built-in map
1279         String oidString = oid.toString();
1280         String keywordString = extraOidMap.get(oidString);
1281         if (keywordString == null) {
1282             AVAKeyword ak = oidMap.get(oid);
1283             if ((ak != null) && ak.isCompliant(standard)) {
1284                 return ak.keyword;
1285             }
1286         } else {
1287             if (keywordString.length() == 0) {
1288                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("keyword cannot be empty");
1289             }
1290             keywordString = keywordString.trim();
1291             char c = keywordString.charAt(0);
1292             if (c < 65 || c > 122 || (c > 90 && c < 97)) {
1293                 throw new IllegalArgumentException
1294                     ("keyword does not start with letter");
1295             }
1296             for (int i=1; i<keywordString.length(); i++) {
1297                 c = keywordString.charAt(i);
1298                 if ((c < 65 || c > 122 || (c > 90 && c < 97)) &&
1299                     (c < 48 || c > 57) && c != '_') {
1300                     throw new IllegalArgumentException
1301                     ("keyword character is not a letter, digit, or underscore");
1302                 }
1303             }
1304             return keywordString;
1305         }
1306         // no compliant keyword, use OID
1307         if (standard == AVA.RFC2253) {
1308             return oidString;
1309         } else {
1310             return "OID." + oidString;
1311         }
1312     }
1313 
1314     /**
1315      * Test if oid has an associated keyword in standard.
1316      */
1317     static boolean hasKeyword(ObjectIdentifier oid, int standard) {
1318         AVAKeyword ak = oidMap.get(oid);
1319         if (ak == null) {
1320             return false;
1321         }
1322         return ak.isCompliant(standard);
1323     }
1324 
1325     static {
1326         oidMap = new HashMap<ObjectIdentifier,AVAKeyword>();
1327         keywordMap = new HashMap<String,AVAKeyword>();
1328 
1329         // NOTE if multiple keywords are available for one OID, order
1330         // is significant!! Preferred *LAST*.
1331         new AVAKeyword("CN",           X500Name.commonName_oid,   true,  true);
1332         new AVAKeyword("C",            X500Name.countryName_oid,  true,  true);
1333         new AVAKeyword("L",            X500Name.localityName_oid, true,  true);
1334         new AVAKeyword("S",            X500Name.stateName_oid,    false, false);
1335         new AVAKeyword("ST",           X500Name.stateName_oid,    true,  true);
1336         new AVAKeyword("O",            X500Name.orgName_oid,      true,  true);
1337         new AVAKeyword("OU",           X500Name.orgUnitName_oid,  true,  true);
1338         new AVAKeyword("T",            X500Name.title_oid,        false, false);
1339         new AVAKeyword("IP",           X500Name.ipAddress_oid,    false, false);
1340         new AVAKeyword("STREET",       X500Name.streetAddress_oid,true,  true);
1341         new AVAKeyword("DC",           X500Name.DOMAIN_COMPONENT_OID,
1342                                                                   false, true);
1343         new AVAKeyword("DNQUALIFIER",  X500Name.DNQUALIFIER_OID,  false, false);
1344         new AVAKeyword("DNQ",          X500Name.DNQUALIFIER_OID,  false, false);
1345         new AVAKeyword("SURNAME",      X500Name.SURNAME_OID,      false, false);
1346         new AVAKeyword("GIVENNAME",    X500Name.GIVENNAME_OID,    false, false);
1347         new AVAKeyword("INITIALS",     X500Name.INITIALS_OID,     false, false);
1348         new AVAKeyword("GENERATION",   X500Name.GENERATIONQUALIFIER_OID,
1349                                                                   false, false);
1350         new AVAKeyword("EMAIL", PKCS9Attribute.EMAIL_ADDRESS_OID, false, false);
1351         new AVAKeyword("EMAILADDRESS", PKCS9Attribute.EMAIL_ADDRESS_OID,
1352                                                                   false, false);
1353         new AVAKeyword("UID",          X500Name.userid_oid,       false, true);
1354         new AVAKeyword("SERIALNUMBER", X500Name.SERIALNUMBER_OID, false, false);
1355     }
1356 }