1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2012, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
  10  *
  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  20  *
  21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  23  * questions.
  24  */
  25 
  26 /*
  27  * This file is available under and governed by the GNU General Public
  28  * License version 2 only, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
  29  * However, the following notice accompanied the original version of this
  30  * file:
  31  *
  32  * Copyright (c) 2008-2012, Stephen Colebourne & Michael Nascimento Santos
  33  *
  34  * All rights reserved.
  35  *
  36  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  37  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
  38  *
  39  *  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
  40  *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  41  *
  42  *  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
  43  *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
  44  *    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  45  *
  46  *  * Neither the name of JSR-310 nor the names of its contributors
  47  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
  48  *    without specific prior written permission.
  49  *
  50  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
  51  * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
  52  * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
  53  * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
  54  * CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
  55  * EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
  56  * PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
  57  * PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
  58  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
  59  * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
  60  * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
  61  */
  62 package java.time.format;
  63 
  64 import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH;
  65 import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.HOUR_OF_DAY;
  66 import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.INSTANT_SECONDS;
  67 import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.MINUTE_OF_HOUR;
  68 import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR;
  69 import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.NANO_OF_SECOND;
  70 import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.OFFSET_SECONDS;
  71 import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.SECOND_OF_MINUTE;
  72 import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.YEAR;
  73 
  74 import java.lang.ref.SoftReference;
  75 import java.math.BigDecimal;
  76 import java.math.BigInteger;
  77 import java.math.RoundingMode;
  78 import java.text.ParsePosition;
  79 import java.time.DateTimeException;
  80 import java.time.Instant;
  81 import java.time.LocalDate;
  82 import java.time.LocalDateTime;
  83 import java.time.ZoneId;
  84 import java.time.ZoneOffset;
  85 import java.time.chrono.ChronoLocalDate;
  86 import java.time.chrono.Chronology;
  87 import java.time.chrono.IsoChronology;
  88 import java.time.format.DateTimeTextProvider.LocaleStore;
  89 import java.time.temporal.ChronoField;
  90 import java.time.temporal.IsoFields;
  91 import java.time.temporal.TemporalAccessor;
  92 import java.time.temporal.TemporalField;
  93 import java.time.temporal.TemporalQueries;
  94 import java.time.temporal.TemporalQuery;
  95 import java.time.temporal.ValueRange;
  96 import java.time.temporal.WeekFields;
  97 import java.time.zone.ZoneRulesProvider;
  98 import java.util.AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry;
  99 import java.util.ArrayList;
 100 import java.util.Arrays;
 101 import java.util.Collections;
 102 import java.util.Comparator;
 103 import java.util.HashMap;
 104 import java.util.HashSet;
 105 import java.util.Iterator;
 106 import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
 107 import java.util.List;
 108 import java.util.Locale;
 109 import java.util.Map;
 110 import java.util.Map.Entry;
 111 import java.util.Objects;
 112 import java.util.Set;
 113 import java.util.TimeZone;
 114 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
 115 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
 116 
 117 import sun.util.locale.provider.LocaleProviderAdapter;
 118 import sun.util.locale.provider.LocaleResources;
 119 import sun.util.locale.provider.TimeZoneNameUtility;
 120 
 121 /**
 122  * Builder to create date-time formatters.
 123  * <p>
 124  * This allows a {@code DateTimeFormatter} to be created.
 125  * All date-time formatters are created ultimately using this builder.
 126  * <p>
 127  * The basic elements of date-time can all be added:
 128  * <ul>
 129  * <li>Value - a numeric value</li>
 130  * <li>Fraction - a fractional value including the decimal place. Always use this when
 131  * outputting fractions to ensure that the fraction is parsed correctly</li>
 132  * <li>Text - the textual equivalent for the value</li>
 133  * <li>OffsetId/Offset - the {@linkplain ZoneOffset zone offset}</li>
 134  * <li>ZoneId - the {@linkplain ZoneId time-zone} id</li>
 135  * <li>ZoneText - the name of the time-zone</li>
 136  * <li>ChronologyId - the {@linkplain Chronology chronology} id</li>
 137  * <li>ChronologyText - the name of the chronology</li>
 138  * <li>Literal - a text literal</li>
 139  * <li>Nested and Optional - formats can be nested or made optional</li>
 140  * <li>Other - the printer and parser interfaces can be used to add user supplied formatting</li>
 141  * </ul>
 142  * In addition, any of the elements may be decorated by padding, either with spaces or any other character.
 143  * <p>
 144  * Finally, a shorthand pattern, mostly compatible with {@code java.text.SimpleDateFormat SimpleDateFormat}
 145  * can be used, see {@link #appendPattern(String)}.
 146  * In practice, this simply parses the pattern and calls other methods on the builder.
 147  *
 148  * @implSpec
 149  * This class is a mutable builder intended for use from a single thread.
 150  *
 151  * @since 1.8
 152  */
 153 public final class DateTimeFormatterBuilder {
 154 
 155     /**
 156      * Query for a time-zone that is region-only.
 157      */
 158     private static final TemporalQuery<ZoneId> QUERY_REGION_ONLY = (temporal) -> {
 159         ZoneId zone = temporal.query(TemporalQueries.zoneId());
 160         return (zone != null && zone instanceof ZoneOffset == false ? zone : null);
 161     };
 162 
 163     /**
 164      * The currently active builder, used by the outermost builder.
 165      */
 166     private DateTimeFormatterBuilder active = this;
 167     /**
 168      * The parent builder, null for the outermost builder.
 169      */
 170     private final DateTimeFormatterBuilder parent;
 171     /**
 172      * The list of printers that will be used.
 173      */
 174     private final List<DateTimePrinterParser> printerParsers = new ArrayList<>();
 175     /**
 176      * Whether this builder produces an optional formatter.
 177      */
 178     private final boolean optional;
 179     /**
 180      * The width to pad the next field to.
 181      */
 182     private int padNextWidth;
 183     /**
 184      * The character to pad the next field with.
 185      */
 186     private char padNextChar;
 187     /**
 188      * The index of the last variable width value parser.
 189      */
 190     private int valueParserIndex = -1;
 191 
 192     /**
 193      * Gets the formatting pattern for date and time styles for a locale and chronology.
 194      * The locale and chronology are used to lookup the locale specific format
 195      * for the requested dateStyle and/or timeStyle.
 196      *
 197      * @param dateStyle  the FormatStyle for the date
 198      * @param timeStyle  the FormatStyle for the time
 199      * @param chrono  the Chronology, non-null
 200      * @param locale  the locale, non-null
 201      * @return the locale and Chronology specific formatting pattern
 202      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if both dateStyle and timeStyle are null
 203      */
 204     public static String getLocalizedDateTimePattern(FormatStyle dateStyle, FormatStyle timeStyle,
 205             Chronology chrono, Locale locale) {
 206         Objects.requireNonNull(locale, "locale");
 207         Objects.requireNonNull(chrono, "chrono");
 208         if (dateStyle == null && timeStyle == null) {
 209             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Either dateStyle or timeStyle must be non-null");
 210         }
 211         LocaleResources lr = LocaleProviderAdapter.getResourceBundleBased().getLocaleResources(locale);
 212         String pattern = lr.getJavaTimeDateTimePattern(
 213                 convertStyle(timeStyle), convertStyle(dateStyle), chrono.getCalendarType());
 214         return pattern;
 215     }
 216 
 217     /**
 218      * Converts the given FormatStyle to the java.text.DateFormat style.
 219      *
 220      * @param style  the FormatStyle style
 221      * @return the int style, or -1 if style is null, indicating un-required
 222      */
 223     private static int convertStyle(FormatStyle style) {
 224         if (style == null) {
 225             return -1;
 226         }
 227         return style.ordinal();  // indices happen to align
 228     }
 229 
 230     /**
 231      * Constructs a new instance of the builder.
 232      */
 233     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder() {
 234         super();
 235         parent = null;
 236         optional = false;
 237     }
 238 
 239     /**
 240      * Constructs a new instance of the builder.
 241      *
 242      * @param parent  the parent builder, not null
 243      * @param optional  whether the formatter is optional, not null
 244      */
 245     private DateTimeFormatterBuilder(DateTimeFormatterBuilder parent, boolean optional) {
 246         super();
 247         this.parent = parent;
 248         this.optional = optional;
 249     }
 250 
 251     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 252     /**
 253      * Changes the parse style to be case sensitive for the remainder of the formatter.
 254      * <p>
 255      * Parsing can be case sensitive or insensitive - by default it is case sensitive.
 256      * This method allows the case sensitivity setting of parsing to be changed.
 257      * <p>
 258      * Calling this method changes the state of the builder such that all
 259      * subsequent builder method calls will parse text in case sensitive mode.
 260      * See {@link #parseCaseInsensitive} for the opposite setting.
 261      * The parse case sensitive/insensitive methods may be called at any point
 262      * in the builder, thus the parser can swap between case parsing modes
 263      * multiple times during the parse.
 264      * <p>
 265      * Since the default is case sensitive, this method should only be used after
 266      * a previous call to {@code #parseCaseInsensitive}.
 267      *
 268      * @return this, for chaining, not null
 269      */
 270     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder parseCaseSensitive() {
 271         appendInternal(SettingsParser.SENSITIVE);
 272         return this;
 273     }
 274 
 275     /**
 276      * Changes the parse style to be case insensitive for the remainder of the formatter.
 277      * <p>
 278      * Parsing can be case sensitive or insensitive - by default it is case sensitive.
 279      * This method allows the case sensitivity setting of parsing to be changed.
 280      * <p>
 281      * Calling this method changes the state of the builder such that all
 282      * subsequent builder method calls will parse text in case insensitive mode.
 283      * See {@link #parseCaseSensitive()} for the opposite setting.
 284      * The parse case sensitive/insensitive methods may be called at any point
 285      * in the builder, thus the parser can swap between case parsing modes
 286      * multiple times during the parse.
 287      *
 288      * @return this, for chaining, not null
 289      */
 290     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder parseCaseInsensitive() {
 291         appendInternal(SettingsParser.INSENSITIVE);
 292         return this;
 293     }
 294 
 295     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 296     /**
 297      * Changes the parse style to be strict for the remainder of the formatter.
 298      * <p>
 299      * Parsing can be strict or lenient - by default its strict.
 300      * This controls the degree of flexibility in matching the text and sign styles.
 301      * <p>
 302      * When used, this method changes the parsing to be strict from this point onwards.
 303      * As strict is the default, this is normally only needed after calling {@link #parseLenient()}.
 304      * The change will remain in force until the end of the formatter that is eventually
 305      * constructed or until {@code parseLenient} is called.
 306      *
 307      * @return this, for chaining, not null
 308      */
 309     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder parseStrict() {
 310         appendInternal(SettingsParser.STRICT);
 311         return this;
 312     }
 313 
 314     /**
 315      * Changes the parse style to be lenient for the remainder of the formatter.
 316      * Note that case sensitivity is set separately to this method.
 317      * <p>
 318      * Parsing can be strict or lenient - by default its strict.
 319      * This controls the degree of flexibility in matching the text and sign styles.
 320      * Applications calling this method should typically also call {@link #parseCaseInsensitive()}.
 321      * <p>
 322      * When used, this method changes the parsing to be lenient from this point onwards.
 323      * The change will remain in force until the end of the formatter that is eventually
 324      * constructed or until {@code parseStrict} is called.
 325      *
 326      * @return this, for chaining, not null
 327      */
 328     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder parseLenient() {
 329         appendInternal(SettingsParser.LENIENT);
 330         return this;
 331     }
 332 
 333     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 334     /**
 335      * Appends a default value for a field to the formatter for use in parsing.
 336      * <p>
 337      * This appends an instruction to the builder to inject a default value
 338      * into the parsed result. This is especially useful in conjunction with
 339      * optional parts of the formatter.
 340      * <p>
 341      * For example, consider a formatter that parses the year, followed by
 342      * an optional month, with a further optional day-of-month. Using such a
 343      * formatter would require the calling code to check whether a full date,
 344      * year-month or just a year had been parsed. This method can be used to
 345      * default the month and day-of-month to a sensible value, such as the
 346      * first of the month, allowing the calling code to always get a date.
 347      * <p>
 348      * During formatting, this method has no effect.
 349      * <p>
 350      * During parsing, the current state of the parse is inspected.
 351      * If the specified field has no associated value, because it has not been
 352      * parsed successfully at that point, then the specified value is injected
 353      * into the parse result. Injection is immediate, thus the field-value pair
 354      * will be visible to any subsequent elements in the formatter.
 355      * As such, this method is normally called at the end of the builder.
 356      *
 357      * @param field  the field to default the value of, not null
 358      * @param value  the value to default the field to
 359      * @return this, for chaining, not null
 360      */
 361     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder parseDefaulting(TemporalField field, long value) {
 362         Objects.requireNonNull(field, "field");
 363         appendInternal(new DefaultValueParser(field, value));
 364         return this;
 365     }
 366 
 367     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 368     /**
 369      * Appends the value of a date-time field to the formatter using a normal
 370      * output style.
 371      * <p>
 372      * The value of the field will be output during a format.
 373      * If the value cannot be obtained then an exception will be thrown.
 374      * <p>
 375      * The value will be printed as per the normal format of an integer value.
 376      * Only negative numbers will be signed. No padding will be added.
 377      * <p>
 378      * The parser for a variable width value such as this normally behaves greedily,
 379      * requiring one digit, but accepting as many digits as possible.
 380      * This behavior can be affected by 'adjacent value parsing'.
 381      * See {@link #appendValue(java.time.temporal.TemporalField, int)} for full details.
 382      *
 383      * @param field  the field to append, not null
 384      * @return this, for chaining, not null
 385      */
 386     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendValue(TemporalField field) {
 387         Objects.requireNonNull(field, "field");
 388         appendValue(new NumberPrinterParser(field, 1, 19, SignStyle.NORMAL));
 389         return this;
 390     }
 391 
 392     /**
 393      * Appends the value of a date-time field to the formatter using a fixed
 394      * width, zero-padded approach.
 395      * <p>
 396      * The value of the field will be output during a format.
 397      * If the value cannot be obtained then an exception will be thrown.
 398      * <p>
 399      * The value will be zero-padded on the left. If the size of the value
 400      * means that it cannot be printed within the width then an exception is thrown.
 401      * If the value of the field is negative then an exception is thrown during formatting.
 402      * <p>
 403      * This method supports a special technique of parsing known as 'adjacent value parsing'.
 404      * This technique solves the problem where a value, variable or fixed width, is followed by one or more
 405      * fixed length values. The standard parser is greedy, and thus it would normally
 406      * steal the digits that are needed by the fixed width value parsers that follow the
 407      * variable width one.
 408      * <p>
 409      * No action is required to initiate 'adjacent value parsing'.
 410      * When a call to {@code appendValue} is made, the builder
 411      * enters adjacent value parsing setup mode. If the immediately subsequent method
 412      * call or calls on the same builder are for a fixed width value, then the parser will reserve
 413      * space so that the fixed width values can be parsed.
 414      * <p>
 415      * For example, consider {@code builder.appendValue(YEAR).appendValue(MONTH_OF_YEAR, 2);}
 416      * The year is a variable width parse of between 1 and 19 digits.
 417      * The month is a fixed width parse of 2 digits.
 418      * Because these were appended to the same builder immediately after one another,
 419      * the year parser will reserve two digits for the month to parse.
 420      * Thus, the text '201106' will correctly parse to a year of 2011 and a month of 6.
 421      * Without adjacent value parsing, the year would greedily parse all six digits and leave
 422      * nothing for the month.
 423      * <p>
 424      * Adjacent value parsing applies to each set of fixed width not-negative values in the parser
 425      * that immediately follow any kind of value, variable or fixed width.
 426      * Calling any other append method will end the setup of adjacent value parsing.
 427      * Thus, in the unlikely event that you need to avoid adjacent value parsing behavior,
 428      * simply add the {@code appendValue} to another {@code DateTimeFormatterBuilder}
 429      * and add that to this builder.
 430      * <p>
 431      * If adjacent parsing is active, then parsing must match exactly the specified
 432      * number of digits in both strict and lenient modes.
 433      * In addition, no positive or negative sign is permitted.
 434      *
 435      * @param field  the field to append, not null
 436      * @param width  the width of the printed field, from 1 to 19
 437      * @return this, for chaining, not null
 438      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the width is invalid
 439      */
 440     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendValue(TemporalField field, int width) {
 441         Objects.requireNonNull(field, "field");
 442         if (width < 1 || width > 19) {
 443             throw new IllegalArgumentException("The width must be from 1 to 19 inclusive but was " + width);
 444         }
 445         NumberPrinterParser pp = new NumberPrinterParser(field, width, width, SignStyle.NOT_NEGATIVE);
 446         appendValue(pp);
 447         return this;
 448     }
 449 
 450     /**
 451      * Appends the value of a date-time field to the formatter providing full
 452      * control over formatting.
 453      * <p>
 454      * The value of the field will be output during a format.
 455      * If the value cannot be obtained then an exception will be thrown.
 456      * <p>
 457      * This method provides full control of the numeric formatting, including
 458      * zero-padding and the positive/negative sign.
 459      * <p>
 460      * The parser for a variable width value such as this normally behaves greedily,
 461      * accepting as many digits as possible.
 462      * This behavior can be affected by 'adjacent value parsing'.
 463      * See {@link #appendValue(java.time.temporal.TemporalField, int)} for full details.
 464      * <p>
 465      * In strict parsing mode, the minimum number of parsed digits is {@code minWidth}
 466      * and the maximum is {@code maxWidth}.
 467      * In lenient parsing mode, the minimum number of parsed digits is one
 468      * and the maximum is 19 (except as limited by adjacent value parsing).
 469      * <p>
 470      * If this method is invoked with equal minimum and maximum widths and a sign style of
 471      * {@code NOT_NEGATIVE} then it delegates to {@code appendValue(TemporalField,int)}.
 472      * In this scenario, the formatting and parsing behavior described there occur.
 473      *
 474      * @param field  the field to append, not null
 475      * @param minWidth  the minimum field width of the printed field, from 1 to 19
 476      * @param maxWidth  the maximum field width of the printed field, from 1 to 19
 477      * @param signStyle  the positive/negative output style, not null
 478      * @return this, for chaining, not null
 479      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the widths are invalid
 480      */
 481     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendValue(
 482             TemporalField field, int minWidth, int maxWidth, SignStyle signStyle) {
 483         if (minWidth == maxWidth && signStyle == SignStyle.NOT_NEGATIVE) {
 484             return appendValue(field, maxWidth);
 485         }
 486         Objects.requireNonNull(field, "field");
 487         Objects.requireNonNull(signStyle, "signStyle");
 488         if (minWidth < 1 || minWidth > 19) {
 489             throw new IllegalArgumentException("The minimum width must be from 1 to 19 inclusive but was " + minWidth);
 490         }
 491         if (maxWidth < 1 || maxWidth > 19) {
 492             throw new IllegalArgumentException("The maximum width must be from 1 to 19 inclusive but was " + maxWidth);
 493         }
 494         if (maxWidth < minWidth) {
 495             throw new IllegalArgumentException("The maximum width must exceed or equal the minimum width but " +
 496                     maxWidth + " < " + minWidth);
 497         }
 498         NumberPrinterParser pp = new NumberPrinterParser(field, minWidth, maxWidth, signStyle);
 499         appendValue(pp);
 500         return this;
 501     }
 502 
 503     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 504     /**
 505      * Appends the reduced value of a date-time field to the formatter.
 506      * <p>
 507      * Since fields such as year vary by chronology, it is recommended to use the
 508      * {@link #appendValueReduced(TemporalField, int, int, ChronoLocalDate)} date}
 509      * variant of this method in most cases. This variant is suitable for
 510      * simple fields or working with only the ISO chronology.
 511      * <p>
 512      * For formatting, the {@code width} and {@code maxWidth} are used to
 513      * determine the number of characters to format.
 514      * If they are equal then the format is fixed width.
 515      * If the value of the field is within the range of the {@code baseValue} using
 516      * {@code width} characters then the reduced value is formatted otherwise the value is
 517      * truncated to fit {@code maxWidth}.
 518      * The rightmost characters are output to match the width, left padding with zero.
 519      * <p>
 520      * For strict parsing, the number of characters allowed by {@code width} to {@code maxWidth} are parsed.
 521      * For lenient parsing, the number of characters must be at least 1 and less than 10.
 522      * If the number of digits parsed is equal to {@code width} and the value is positive,
 523      * the value of the field is computed to be the first number greater than
 524      * or equal to the {@code baseValue} with the same least significant characters,
 525      * otherwise the value parsed is the field value.
 526      * This allows a reduced value to be entered for values in range of the baseValue
 527      * and width and absolute values can be entered for values outside the range.
 528      * <p>
 529      * For example, a base value of {@code 1980} and a width of {@code 2} will have
 530      * valid values from {@code 1980} to {@code 2079}.
 531      * During parsing, the text {@code "12"} will result in the value {@code 2012} as that
 532      * is the value within the range where the last two characters are "12".
 533      * By contrast, parsing the text {@code "1915"} will result in the value {@code 1915}.
 534      *
 535      * @param field  the field to append, not null
 536      * @param width  the field width of the printed and parsed field, from 1 to 10
 537      * @param maxWidth  the maximum field width of the printed field, from 1 to 10
 538      * @param baseValue  the base value of the range of valid values
 539      * @return this, for chaining, not null
 540      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the width or base value is invalid
 541      */
 542     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendValueReduced(TemporalField field,
 543             int width, int maxWidth, int baseValue) {
 544         Objects.requireNonNull(field, "field");
 545         ReducedPrinterParser pp = new ReducedPrinterParser(field, width, maxWidth, baseValue, null);
 546         appendValue(pp);
 547         return this;
 548     }
 549 
 550     /**
 551      * Appends the reduced value of a date-time field to the formatter.
 552      * <p>
 553      * This is typically used for formatting and parsing a two digit year.
 554      * <p>
 555      * The base date is used to calculate the full value during parsing.
 556      * For example, if the base date is 1950-01-01 then parsed values for
 557      * a two digit year parse will be in the range 1950-01-01 to 2049-12-31.
 558      * Only the year would be extracted from the date, thus a base date of
 559      * 1950-08-25 would also parse to the range 1950-01-01 to 2049-12-31.
 560      * This behavior is necessary to support fields such as week-based-year
 561      * or other calendar systems where the parsed value does not align with
 562      * standard ISO years.
 563      * <p>
 564      * The exact behavior is as follows. Parse the full set of fields and
 565      * determine the effective chronology using the last chronology if
 566      * it appears more than once. Then convert the base date to the
 567      * effective chronology. Then extract the specified field from the
 568      * chronology-specific base date and use it to determine the
 569      * {@code baseValue} used below.
 570      * <p>
 571      * For formatting, the {@code width} and {@code maxWidth} are used to
 572      * determine the number of characters to format.
 573      * If they are equal then the format is fixed width.
 574      * If the value of the field is within the range of the {@code baseValue} using
 575      * {@code width} characters then the reduced value is formatted otherwise the value is
 576      * truncated to fit {@code maxWidth}.
 577      * The rightmost characters are output to match the width, left padding with zero.
 578      * <p>
 579      * For strict parsing, the number of characters allowed by {@code width} to {@code maxWidth} are parsed.
 580      * For lenient parsing, the number of characters must be at least 1 and less than 10.
 581      * If the number of digits parsed is equal to {@code width} and the value is positive,
 582      * the value of the field is computed to be the first number greater than
 583      * or equal to the {@code baseValue} with the same least significant characters,
 584      * otherwise the value parsed is the field value.
 585      * This allows a reduced value to be entered for values in range of the baseValue
 586      * and width and absolute values can be entered for values outside the range.
 587      * <p>
 588      * For example, a base value of {@code 1980} and a width of {@code 2} will have
 589      * valid values from {@code 1980} to {@code 2079}.
 590      * During parsing, the text {@code "12"} will result in the value {@code 2012} as that
 591      * is the value within the range where the last two characters are "12".
 592      * By contrast, parsing the text {@code "1915"} will result in the value {@code 1915}.
 593      *
 594      * @param field  the field to append, not null
 595      * @param width  the field width of the printed and parsed field, from 1 to 10
 596      * @param maxWidth  the maximum field width of the printed field, from 1 to 10
 597      * @param baseDate  the base date used to calculate the base value for the range
 598      *  of valid values in the parsed chronology, not null
 599      * @return this, for chaining, not null
 600      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the width or base value is invalid
 601      */
 602     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendValueReduced(
 603             TemporalField field, int width, int maxWidth, ChronoLocalDate baseDate) {
 604         Objects.requireNonNull(field, "field");
 605         Objects.requireNonNull(baseDate, "baseDate");
 606         ReducedPrinterParser pp = new ReducedPrinterParser(field, width, maxWidth, 0, baseDate);
 607         appendValue(pp);
 608         return this;
 609     }
 610 
 611     /**
 612      * Appends a fixed or variable width printer-parser handling adjacent value mode.
 613      * If a PrinterParser is not active then the new PrinterParser becomes
 614      * the active PrinterParser.
 615      * Otherwise, the active PrinterParser is modified depending on the new PrinterParser.
 616      * If the new PrinterParser is fixed width and has sign style {@code NOT_NEGATIVE}
 617      * then its width is added to the active PP and
 618      * the new PrinterParser is forced to be fixed width.
 619      * If the new PrinterParser is variable width, the active PrinterParser is changed
 620      * to be fixed width and the new PrinterParser becomes the active PP.
 621      *
 622      * @param pp  the printer-parser, not null
 623      * @return this, for chaining, not null
 624      */
 625     private DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendValue(NumberPrinterParser pp) {
 626         if (active.valueParserIndex >= 0) {
 627             final int activeValueParser = active.valueParserIndex;
 628 
 629             // adjacent parsing mode, update setting in previous parsers
 630             NumberPrinterParser basePP = (NumberPrinterParser) active.printerParsers.get(activeValueParser);
 631             if (pp.minWidth == pp.maxWidth && pp.signStyle == SignStyle.NOT_NEGATIVE) {
 632                 // Append the width to the subsequentWidth of the active parser
 633                 basePP = basePP.withSubsequentWidth(pp.maxWidth);
 634                 // Append the new parser as a fixed width
 635                 appendInternal(pp.withFixedWidth());
 636                 // Retain the previous active parser
 637                 active.valueParserIndex = activeValueParser;
 638             } else {
 639                 // Modify the active parser to be fixed width
 640                 basePP = basePP.withFixedWidth();
 641                 // The new parser becomes the mew active parser
 642                 active.valueParserIndex = appendInternal(pp);
 643             }
 644             // Replace the modified parser with the updated one
 645             active.printerParsers.set(activeValueParser, basePP);
 646         } else {
 647             // The new Parser becomes the active parser
 648             active.valueParserIndex = appendInternal(pp);
 649         }
 650         return this;
 651     }
 652 
 653     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 654     /**
 655      * Appends the fractional value of a date-time field to the formatter.
 656      * <p>
 657      * The fractional value of the field will be output including the
 658      * preceding decimal point. The preceding value is not output.
 659      * For example, the second-of-minute value of 15 would be output as {@code .25}.
 660      * <p>
 661      * The width of the printed fraction can be controlled. Setting the
 662      * minimum width to zero will cause no output to be generated.
 663      * The printed fraction will have the minimum width necessary between
 664      * the minimum and maximum widths - trailing zeroes are omitted.
 665      * No rounding occurs due to the maximum width - digits are simply dropped.
 666      * <p>
 667      * When parsing in strict mode, the number of parsed digits must be between
 668      * the minimum and maximum width. When parsing in lenient mode, the minimum
 669      * width is considered to be zero and the maximum is nine.
 670      * <p>
 671      * If the value cannot be obtained then an exception will be thrown.
 672      * If the value is negative an exception will be thrown.
 673      * If the field does not have a fixed set of valid values then an
 674      * exception will be thrown.
 675      * If the field value in the date-time to be printed is invalid it
 676      * cannot be printed and an exception will be thrown.
 677      *
 678      * @param field  the field to append, not null
 679      * @param minWidth  the minimum width of the field excluding the decimal point, from 0 to 9
 680      * @param maxWidth  the maximum width of the field excluding the decimal point, from 1 to 9
 681      * @param decimalPoint  whether to output the localized decimal point symbol
 682      * @return this, for chaining, not null
 683      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the field has a variable set of valid values or
 684      *  either width is invalid
 685      */
 686     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendFraction(
 687             TemporalField field, int minWidth, int maxWidth, boolean decimalPoint) {
 688         appendInternal(new FractionPrinterParser(field, minWidth, maxWidth, decimalPoint));
 689         return this;
 690     }
 691 
 692     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 693     /**
 694      * Appends the text of a date-time field to the formatter using the full
 695      * text style.
 696      * <p>
 697      * The text of the field will be output during a format.
 698      * The value must be within the valid range of the field.
 699      * If the value cannot be obtained then an exception will be thrown.
 700      * If the field has no textual representation, then the numeric value will be used.
 701      * <p>
 702      * The value will be printed as per the normal format of an integer value.
 703      * Only negative numbers will be signed. No padding will be added.
 704      *
 705      * @param field  the field to append, not null
 706      * @return this, for chaining, not null
 707      */
 708     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendText(TemporalField field) {
 709         return appendText(field, TextStyle.FULL);
 710     }
 711 
 712     /**
 713      * Appends the text of a date-time field to the formatter.
 714      * <p>
 715      * The text of the field will be output during a format.
 716      * The value must be within the valid range of the field.
 717      * If the value cannot be obtained then an exception will be thrown.
 718      * If the field has no textual representation, then the numeric value will be used.
 719      * <p>
 720      * The value will be printed as per the normal format of an integer value.
 721      * Only negative numbers will be signed. No padding will be added.
 722      *
 723      * @param field  the field to append, not null
 724      * @param textStyle  the text style to use, not null
 725      * @return this, for chaining, not null
 726      */
 727     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendText(TemporalField field, TextStyle textStyle) {
 728         Objects.requireNonNull(field, "field");
 729         Objects.requireNonNull(textStyle, "textStyle");
 730         appendInternal(new TextPrinterParser(field, textStyle, DateTimeTextProvider.getInstance()));
 731         return this;
 732     }
 733 
 734     /**
 735      * Appends the text of a date-time field to the formatter using the specified
 736      * map to supply the text.
 737      * <p>
 738      * The standard text outputting methods use the localized text in the JDK.
 739      * This method allows that text to be specified directly.
 740      * The supplied map is not validated by the builder to ensure that formatting or
 741      * parsing is possible, thus an invalid map may throw an error during later use.
 742      * <p>
 743      * Supplying the map of text provides considerable flexibility in formatting and parsing.
 744      * For example, a legacy application might require or supply the months of the
 745      * year as "JNY", "FBY", "MCH" etc. These do not match the standard set of text
 746      * for localized month names. Using this method, a map can be created which
 747      * defines the connection between each value and the text:
 748      * <pre>
 749      * Map&lt;Long, String&gt; map = new HashMap&lt;&gt;();
 750      * map.put(1, "JNY");
 751      * map.put(2, "FBY");
 752      * map.put(3, "MCH");
 753      * ...
 754      * builder.appendText(MONTH_OF_YEAR, map);
 755      * </pre>
 756      * <p>
 757      * Other uses might be to output the value with a suffix, such as "1st", "2nd", "3rd",
 758      * or as Roman numerals "I", "II", "III", "IV".
 759      * <p>
 760      * During formatting, the value is obtained and checked that it is in the valid range.
 761      * If text is not available for the value then it is output as a number.
 762      * During parsing, the parser will match against the map of text and numeric values.
 763      *
 764      * @param field  the field to append, not null
 765      * @param textLookup  the map from the value to the text
 766      * @return this, for chaining, not null
 767      */
 768     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendText(TemporalField field, Map<Long, String> textLookup) {
 769         Objects.requireNonNull(field, "field");
 770         Objects.requireNonNull(textLookup, "textLookup");
 771         Map<Long, String> copy = new LinkedHashMap<>(textLookup);
 772         Map<TextStyle, Map<Long, String>> map = Collections.singletonMap(TextStyle.FULL, copy);
 773         final LocaleStore store = new LocaleStore(map);
 774         DateTimeTextProvider provider = new DateTimeTextProvider() {
 775             @Override
 776             public String getText(TemporalField field, long value, TextStyle style, Locale locale) {
 777                 return store.getText(value, style);
 778             }
 779             @Override
 780             public Iterator<Entry<String, Long>> getTextIterator(TemporalField field, TextStyle style, Locale locale) {
 781                 return store.getTextIterator(style);
 782             }
 783         };
 784         appendInternal(new TextPrinterParser(field, TextStyle.FULL, provider));
 785         return this;
 786     }
 787 
 788     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 789     /**
 790      * Appends an instant using ISO-8601 to the formatter, formatting fractional
 791      * digits in groups of three.
 792      * <p>
 793      * Instants have a fixed output format.
 794      * They are converted to a date-time with a zone-offset of UTC and formatted
 795      * using the standard ISO-8601 format.
 796      * With this method, formatting nano-of-second outputs zero, three, six
 797      * or nine digits digits as necessary.
 798      * The localized decimal style is not used.
 799      * <p>
 800      * The instant is obtained using {@link ChronoField#INSTANT_SECONDS INSTANT_SECONDS}
 801      * and optionally (@code NANO_OF_SECOND). The value of {@code INSTANT_SECONDS}
 802      * may be outside the maximum range of {@code LocalDateTime}.
 803      * <p>
 804      * The {@linkplain ResolverStyle resolver style} has no effect on instant parsing.
 805      * The end-of-day time of '24:00' is handled as midnight at the start of the following day.
 806      * The leap-second time of '23:59:59' is handled to some degree, see
 807      * {@link DateTimeFormatter#parsedLeapSecond()} for full details.
 808      * <p>
 809      * An alternative to this method is to format/parse the instant as a single
 810      * epoch-seconds value. That is achieved using {@code appendValue(INSTANT_SECONDS)}.
 811      *
 812      * @return this, for chaining, not null
 813      */
 814     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendInstant() {
 815         appendInternal(new InstantPrinterParser(-2));
 816         return this;
 817     }
 818 
 819     /**
 820      * Appends an instant using ISO-8601 to the formatter with control over
 821      * the number of fractional digits.
 822      * <p>
 823      * Instants have a fixed output format, although this method provides some
 824      * control over the fractional digits. They are converted to a date-time
 825      * with a zone-offset of UTC and printed using the standard ISO-8601 format.
 826      * The localized decimal style is not used.
 827      * <p>
 828      * The {@code fractionalDigits} parameter allows the output of the fractional
 829      * second to be controlled. Specifying zero will cause no fractional digits
 830      * to be output. From 1 to 9 will output an increasing number of digits, using
 831      * zero right-padding if necessary. The special value -1 is used to output as
 832      * many digits as necessary to avoid any trailing zeroes.
 833      * <p>
 834      * When parsing in strict mode, the number of parsed digits must match the
 835      * fractional digits. When parsing in lenient mode, any number of fractional
 836      * digits from zero to nine are accepted.
 837      * <p>
 838      * The instant is obtained using {@link ChronoField#INSTANT_SECONDS INSTANT_SECONDS}
 839      * and optionally (@code NANO_OF_SECOND). The value of {@code INSTANT_SECONDS}
 840      * may be outside the maximum range of {@code LocalDateTime}.
 841      * <p>
 842      * The {@linkplain ResolverStyle resolver style} has no effect on instant parsing.
 843      * The end-of-day time of '24:00' is handled as midnight at the start of the following day.
 844      * The leap-second time of '23:59:59' is handled to some degree, see
 845      * {@link DateTimeFormatter#parsedLeapSecond()} for full details.
 846      * <p>
 847      * An alternative to this method is to format/parse the instant as a single
 848      * epoch-seconds value. That is achieved using {@code appendValue(INSTANT_SECONDS)}.
 849      *
 850      * @param fractionalDigits  the number of fractional second digits to format with,
 851      *  from 0 to 9, or -1 to use as many digits as necessary
 852      * @return this, for chaining, not null
 853      */
 854     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendInstant(int fractionalDigits) {
 855         if (fractionalDigits < -1 || fractionalDigits > 9) {
 856             throw new IllegalArgumentException("The fractional digits must be from -1 to 9 inclusive but was " + fractionalDigits);
 857         }
 858         appendInternal(new InstantPrinterParser(fractionalDigits));
 859         return this;
 860     }
 861 
 862     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 863     /**
 864      * Appends the zone offset, such as '+01:00', to the formatter.
 865      * <p>
 866      * This appends an instruction to format/parse the offset ID to the builder.
 867      * This is equivalent to calling {@code appendOffset("HH:MM:ss", "Z")}.
 868      *
 869      * @return this, for chaining, not null
 870      */
 871     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendOffsetId() {
 872         appendInternal(OffsetIdPrinterParser.INSTANCE_ID_Z);
 873         return this;
 874     }
 875 
 876     /**
 877      * Appends the zone offset, such as '+01:00', to the formatter.
 878      * <p>
 879      * This appends an instruction to format/parse the offset ID to the builder.
 880      * <p>
 881      * During formatting, the offset is obtained using a mechanism equivalent
 882      * to querying the temporal with {@link TemporalQueries#offset()}.
 883      * It will be printed using the format defined below.
 884      * If the offset cannot be obtained then an exception is thrown unless the
 885      * section of the formatter is optional.
 886      * <p>
 887      * During parsing, the offset is parsed using the format defined below.
 888      * If the offset cannot be parsed then an exception is thrown unless the
 889      * section of the formatter is optional.
 890      * <p>
 891      * The format of the offset is controlled by a pattern which must be one
 892      * of the following:
 893      * <ul>
 894      * <li>{@code +HH} - hour only, ignoring minute and second
 895      * <li>{@code +HHmm} - hour, with minute if non-zero, ignoring second, no colon
 896      * <li>{@code +HH:mm} - hour, with minute if non-zero, ignoring second, with colon
 897      * <li>{@code +HHMM} - hour and minute, ignoring second, no colon
 898      * <li>{@code +HH:MM} - hour and minute, ignoring second, with colon
 899      * <li>{@code +HHMMss} - hour and minute, with second if non-zero, no colon
 900      * <li>{@code +HH:MM:ss} - hour and minute, with second if non-zero, with colon
 901      * <li>{@code +HHMMSS} - hour, minute and second, no colon
 902      * <li>{@code +HH:MM:SS} - hour, minute and second, with colon
 903      * </ul>
 904      * The "no offset" text controls what text is printed when the total amount of
 905      * the offset fields to be output is zero.
 906      * Example values would be 'Z', '+00:00', 'UTC' or 'GMT'.
 907      * Three formats are accepted for parsing UTC - the "no offset" text, and the
 908      * plus and minus versions of zero defined by the pattern.
 909      *
 910      * @param pattern  the pattern to use, not null
 911      * @param noOffsetText  the text to use when the offset is zero, not null
 912      * @return this, for chaining, not null
 913      */
 914     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendOffset(String pattern, String noOffsetText) {
 915         appendInternal(new OffsetIdPrinterParser(pattern, noOffsetText));
 916         return this;
 917     }
 918 
 919     /**
 920      * Appends the localized zone offset, such as 'GMT+01:00', to the formatter.
 921      * <p>
 922      * This appends a localized zone offset to the builder, the format of the
 923      * localized offset is controlled by the specified {@link FormatStyle style}
 924      * to this method:
 925      * <ul>
 926      * <li>{@link TextStyle#FULL full} - formats with localized offset text, such
 927      * as 'GMT, 2-digit hour and minute field, optional second field if non-zero,
 928      * and colon.
 929      * <li>{@link TextStyle#SHORT short} - formats with localized offset text,
 930      * such as 'GMT, hour without leading zero, optional 2-digit minute and
 931      * second if non-zero, and colon.
 932      * </ul>
 933      * <p>
 934      * During formatting, the offset is obtained using a mechanism equivalent
 935      * to querying the temporal with {@link TemporalQueries#offset()}.
 936      * If the offset cannot be obtained then an exception is thrown unless the
 937      * section of the formatter is optional.
 938      * <p>
 939      * During parsing, the offset is parsed using the format defined above.
 940      * If the offset cannot be parsed then an exception is thrown unless the
 941      * section of the formatter is optional.
 942      * <p>
 943      * @param style  the format style to use, not null
 944      * @return this, for chaining, not null
 945      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if style is neither {@link TextStyle#FULL
 946      * full} nor {@link TextStyle#SHORT short}
 947      */
 948     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendLocalizedOffset(TextStyle style) {
 949         Objects.requireNonNull(style, "style");
 950         if (style != TextStyle.FULL && style != TextStyle.SHORT) {
 951             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Style must be either full or short");
 952         }
 953         appendInternal(new LocalizedOffsetIdPrinterParser(style));
 954         return this;
 955     }
 956 
 957     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 958     /**
 959      * Appends the time-zone ID, such as 'Europe/Paris' or '+02:00', to the formatter.
 960      * <p>
 961      * This appends an instruction to format/parse the zone ID to the builder.
 962      * The zone ID is obtained in a strict manner suitable for {@code ZonedDateTime}.
 963      * By contrast, {@code OffsetDateTime} does not have a zone ID suitable
 964      * for use with this method, see {@link #appendZoneOrOffsetId()}.
 965      * <p>
 966      * During formatting, the zone is obtained using a mechanism equivalent
 967      * to querying the temporal with {@link TemporalQueries#zoneId()}.
 968      * It will be printed using the result of {@link ZoneId#getId()}.
 969      * If the zone cannot be obtained then an exception is thrown unless the
 970      * section of the formatter is optional.
 971      * <p>
 972      * During parsing, the text must match a known zone or offset.
 973      * There are two types of zone ID, offset-based, such as '+01:30' and
 974      * region-based, such as 'Europe/London'. These are parsed differently.
 975      * If the parse starts with '+', '-', 'UT', 'UTC' or 'GMT', then the parser
 976      * expects an offset-based zone and will not match region-based zones.
 977      * The offset ID, such as '+02:30', may be at the start of the parse,
 978      * or prefixed by  'UT', 'UTC' or 'GMT'. The offset ID parsing is
 979      * equivalent to using {@link #appendOffset(String, String)} using the
 980      * arguments 'HH:MM:ss' and the no offset string '0'.
 981      * If the parse starts with 'UT', 'UTC' or 'GMT', and the parser cannot
 982      * match a following offset ID, then {@link ZoneOffset#UTC} is selected.
 983      * In all other cases, the list of known region-based zones is used to
 984      * find the longest available match. If no match is found, and the parse
 985      * starts with 'Z', then {@code ZoneOffset.UTC} is selected.
 986      * The parser uses the {@linkplain #parseCaseInsensitive() case sensitive} setting.
 987      * <p>
 988      * For example, the following will parse:
 989      * <pre>
 990      *   "Europe/London"           -- ZoneId.of("Europe/London")
 991      *   "Z"                       -- ZoneOffset.UTC
 992      *   "UT"                      -- ZoneId.of("UT")
 993      *   "UTC"                     -- ZoneId.of("UTC")
 994      *   "GMT"                     -- ZoneId.of("GMT")
 995      *   "+01:30"                  -- ZoneOffset.of("+01:30")
 996      *   "UT+01:30"                -- ZoneOffset.of("+01:30")
 997      *   "UTC+01:30"               -- ZoneOffset.of("+01:30")
 998      *   "GMT+01:30"               -- ZoneOffset.of("+01:30")
 999      * </pre>
1000      *
1001      * @return this, for chaining, not null
1002      * @see #appendZoneRegionId()
1003      */
1004     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendZoneId() {
1005         appendInternal(new ZoneIdPrinterParser(TemporalQueries.zoneId(), "ZoneId()"));
1006         return this;
1007     }
1008 
1009     /**
1010      * Appends the time-zone region ID, such as 'Europe/Paris', to the formatter,
1011      * rejecting the zone ID if it is a {@code ZoneOffset}.
1012      * <p>
1013      * This appends an instruction to format/parse the zone ID to the builder
1014      * only if it is a region-based ID.
1015      * <p>
1016      * During formatting, the zone is obtained using a mechanism equivalent
1017      * to querying the temporal with {@link TemporalQueries#zoneId()}.
1018      * If the zone is a {@code ZoneOffset} or it cannot be obtained then
1019      * an exception is thrown unless the section of the formatter is optional.
1020      * If the zone is not an offset, then the zone will be printed using
1021      * the zone ID from {@link ZoneId#getId()}.
1022      * <p>
1023      * During parsing, the text must match a known zone or offset.
1024      * There are two types of zone ID, offset-based, such as '+01:30' and
1025      * region-based, such as 'Europe/London'. These are parsed differently.
1026      * If the parse starts with '+', '-', 'UT', 'UTC' or 'GMT', then the parser
1027      * expects an offset-based zone and will not match region-based zones.
1028      * The offset ID, such as '+02:30', may be at the start of the parse,
1029      * or prefixed by  'UT', 'UTC' or 'GMT'. The offset ID parsing is
1030      * equivalent to using {@link #appendOffset(String, String)} using the
1031      * arguments 'HH:MM:ss' and the no offset string '0'.
1032      * If the parse starts with 'UT', 'UTC' or 'GMT', and the parser cannot
1033      * match a following offset ID, then {@link ZoneOffset#UTC} is selected.
1034      * In all other cases, the list of known region-based zones is used to
1035      * find the longest available match. If no match is found, and the parse
1036      * starts with 'Z', then {@code ZoneOffset.UTC} is selected.
1037      * The parser uses the {@linkplain #parseCaseInsensitive() case sensitive} setting.
1038      * <p>
1039      * For example, the following will parse:
1040      * <pre>
1041      *   "Europe/London"           -- ZoneId.of("Europe/London")
1042      *   "Z"                       -- ZoneOffset.UTC
1043      *   "UT"                      -- ZoneId.of("UT")
1044      *   "UTC"                     -- ZoneId.of("UTC")
1045      *   "GMT"                     -- ZoneId.of("GMT")
1046      *   "+01:30"                  -- ZoneOffset.of("+01:30")
1047      *   "UT+01:30"                -- ZoneOffset.of("+01:30")
1048      *   "UTC+01:30"               -- ZoneOffset.of("+01:30")
1049      *   "GMT+01:30"               -- ZoneOffset.of("+01:30")
1050      * </pre>
1051      * <p>
1052      * Note that this method is is identical to {@code appendZoneId()} except
1053      * in the mechanism used to obtain the zone.
1054      * Note also that parsing accepts offsets, whereas formatting will never
1055      * produce one.
1056      *
1057      * @return this, for chaining, not null
1058      * @see #appendZoneId()
1059      */
1060     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendZoneRegionId() {
1061         appendInternal(new ZoneIdPrinterParser(QUERY_REGION_ONLY, "ZoneRegionId()"));
1062         return this;
1063     }
1064 
1065     /**
1066      * Appends the time-zone ID, such as 'Europe/Paris' or '+02:00', to
1067      * the formatter, using the best available zone ID.
1068      * <p>
1069      * This appends an instruction to format/parse the best available
1070      * zone or offset ID to the builder.
1071      * The zone ID is obtained in a lenient manner that first attempts to
1072      * find a true zone ID, such as that on {@code ZonedDateTime}, and
1073      * then attempts to find an offset, such as that on {@code OffsetDateTime}.
1074      * <p>
1075      * During formatting, the zone is obtained using a mechanism equivalent
1076      * to querying the temporal with {@link TemporalQueries#zone()}.
1077      * It will be printed using the result of {@link ZoneId#getId()}.
1078      * If the zone cannot be obtained then an exception is thrown unless the
1079      * section of the formatter is optional.
1080      * <p>
1081      * During parsing, the text must match a known zone or offset.
1082      * There are two types of zone ID, offset-based, such as '+01:30' and
1083      * region-based, such as 'Europe/London'. These are parsed differently.
1084      * If the parse starts with '+', '-', 'UT', 'UTC' or 'GMT', then the parser
1085      * expects an offset-based zone and will not match region-based zones.
1086      * The offset ID, such as '+02:30', may be at the start of the parse,
1087      * or prefixed by  'UT', 'UTC' or 'GMT'. The offset ID parsing is
1088      * equivalent to using {@link #appendOffset(String, String)} using the
1089      * arguments 'HH:MM:ss' and the no offset string '0'.
1090      * If the parse starts with 'UT', 'UTC' or 'GMT', and the parser cannot
1091      * match a following offset ID, then {@link ZoneOffset#UTC} is selected.
1092      * In all other cases, the list of known region-based zones is used to
1093      * find the longest available match. If no match is found, and the parse
1094      * starts with 'Z', then {@code ZoneOffset.UTC} is selected.
1095      * The parser uses the {@linkplain #parseCaseInsensitive() case sensitive} setting.
1096      * <p>
1097      * For example, the following will parse:
1098      * <pre>
1099      *   "Europe/London"           -- ZoneId.of("Europe/London")
1100      *   "Z"                       -- ZoneOffset.UTC
1101      *   "UT"                      -- ZoneId.of("UT")
1102      *   "UTC"                     -- ZoneId.of("UTC")
1103      *   "GMT"                     -- ZoneId.of("GMT")
1104      *   "+01:30"                  -- ZoneOffset.of("+01:30")
1105      *   "UT+01:30"                -- ZoneOffset.of("UT+01:30")
1106      *   "UTC+01:30"               -- ZoneOffset.of("UTC+01:30")
1107      *   "GMT+01:30"               -- ZoneOffset.of("GMT+01:30")
1108      * </pre>
1109      * <p>
1110      * Note that this method is is identical to {@code appendZoneId()} except
1111      * in the mechanism used to obtain the zone.
1112      *
1113      * @return this, for chaining, not null
1114      * @see #appendZoneId()
1115      */
1116     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendZoneOrOffsetId() {
1117         appendInternal(new ZoneIdPrinterParser(TemporalQueries.zone(), "ZoneOrOffsetId()"));
1118         return this;
1119     }
1120 
1121     /**
1122      * Appends the time-zone name, such as 'British Summer Time', to the formatter.
1123      * <p>
1124      * This appends an instruction to format/parse the textual name of the zone to
1125      * the builder.
1126      * <p>
1127      * During formatting, the zone is obtained using a mechanism equivalent
1128      * to querying the temporal with {@link TemporalQueries#zoneId()}.
1129      * If the zone is a {@code ZoneOffset} it will be printed using the
1130      * result of {@link ZoneOffset#getId()}.
1131      * If the zone is not an offset, the textual name will be looked up
1132      * for the locale set in the {@link DateTimeFormatter}.
1133      * If the temporal object being printed represents an instant, then the text
1134      * will be the summer or winter time text as appropriate.
1135      * If the lookup for text does not find any suitable reuslt, then the
1136      * {@link ZoneId#getId() ID} will be printed instead.
1137      * If the zone cannot be obtained then an exception is thrown unless the
1138      * section of the formatter is optional.
1139      * <p>
1140      * During parsing, either the textual zone name, the zone ID or the offset
1141      * is accepted. Many textual zone names are not unique, such as CST can be
1142      * for both "Central Standard Time" and "China Standard Time". In this
1143      * situation, the zone id will be determined by the region information from
1144      * formatter's  {@link DateTimeFormatter#getLocale() locale} and the standard
1145      * zone id for that area, for example, America/New_York for the America Eastern
1146      * zone. The {@link #appendZoneText(TextStyle, Set)} may be used
1147      * to specify a set of preferred {@link ZoneId} in this situation.
1148      *
1149      * @param textStyle  the text style to use, not null
1150      * @return this, for chaining, not null
1151      */
1152     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendZoneText(TextStyle textStyle) {
1153         appendInternal(new ZoneTextPrinterParser(textStyle, null));
1154         return this;
1155     }
1156 
1157     /**
1158      * Appends the time-zone name, such as 'British Summer Time', to the formatter.
1159      * <p>
1160      * This appends an instruction to format/parse the textual name of the zone to
1161      * the builder.
1162      * <p>
1163      * During formatting, the zone is obtained using a mechanism equivalent
1164      * to querying the temporal with {@link TemporalQueries#zoneId()}.
1165      * If the zone is a {@code ZoneOffset} it will be printed using the
1166      * result of {@link ZoneOffset#getId()}.
1167      * If the zone is not an offset, the textual name will be looked up
1168      * for the locale set in the {@link DateTimeFormatter}.
1169      * If the temporal object being printed represents an instant, then the text
1170      * will be the summer or winter time text as appropriate.
1171      * If the lookup for text does not find any suitable reuslt, then the
1172      * {@link ZoneId#getId() ID} will be printed instead.
1173      * If the zone cannot be obtained then an exception is thrown unless the
1174      * section of the formatter is optional.
1175      * <p>
1176      * During parsing, either the textual zone name, the zone ID or the offset
1177      * is accepted. Many textual zone names are not unique, such as CST can be
1178      * for both "Central Standard Time" and "China Standard Time". In this
1179      * situation, the zone id will be determined by the region information from
1180      * formatter's  {@link DateTimeFormatter#getLocale() locale} and the standard
1181      * zone id for that area, for example, America/New_York for the America Eastern
1182      * zone. This method also allows a set of preferred {@link ZoneId} to be
1183      * specified for parsing. The matched preferred zone id will be used if the
1184      * textural zone name being parsed is not unique.
1185      *
1186      * If the zone cannot be parsed then an exception is thrown unless the
1187      * section of the formatter is optional.
1188      *
1189      * @param textStyle  the text style to use, not null
1190      * @param preferredZones  the set of preferred zone ids, not null
1191      * @return this, for chaining, not null
1192      */
1193     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendZoneText(TextStyle textStyle,
1194                                                    Set<ZoneId> preferredZones) {
1195         Objects.requireNonNull(preferredZones, "preferredZones");
1196         appendInternal(new ZoneTextPrinterParser(textStyle, preferredZones));
1197         return this;
1198     }
1199 
1200     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1201     /**
1202      * Appends the chronology ID, such as 'ISO' or 'ThaiBuddhist', to the formatter.
1203      * <p>
1204      * This appends an instruction to format/parse the chronology ID to the builder.
1205      * <p>
1206      * During formatting, the chronology is obtained using a mechanism equivalent
1207      * to querying the temporal with {@link TemporalQueries#chronology()}.
1208      * It will be printed using the result of {@link Chronology#getId()}.
1209      * If the chronology cannot be obtained then an exception is thrown unless the
1210      * section of the formatter is optional.
1211      * <p>
1212      * During parsing, the chronology is parsed and must match one of the chronologies
1213      * in {@link Chronology#getAvailableChronologies()}.
1214      * If the chronology cannot be parsed then an exception is thrown unless the
1215      * section of the formatter is optional.
1216      * The parser uses the {@linkplain #parseCaseInsensitive() case sensitive} setting.
1217      *
1218      * @return this, for chaining, not null
1219      */
1220     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendChronologyId() {
1221         appendInternal(new ChronoPrinterParser(null));
1222         return this;
1223     }
1224 
1225     /**
1226      * Appends the chronology name to the formatter.
1227      * <p>
1228      * The calendar system name will be output during a format.
1229      * If the chronology cannot be obtained then an exception will be thrown.
1230      * The calendar system name is obtained from the Chronology.
1231      *
1232      * @param textStyle  the text style to use, not null
1233      * @return this, for chaining, not null
1234      */
1235     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendChronologyText(TextStyle textStyle) {
1236         Objects.requireNonNull(textStyle, "textStyle");
1237         appendInternal(new ChronoPrinterParser(textStyle));
1238         return this;
1239     }
1240 
1241     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1242     /**
1243      * Appends a localized date-time pattern to the formatter.
1244      * <p>
1245      * This appends a localized section to the builder, suitable for outputting
1246      * a date, time or date-time combination. The format of the localized
1247      * section is lazily looked up based on four items:
1248      * <ul>
1249      * <li>the {@code dateStyle} specified to this method
1250      * <li>the {@code timeStyle} specified to this method
1251      * <li>the {@code Locale} of the {@code DateTimeFormatter}
1252      * <li>the {@code Chronology}, selecting the best available
1253      * </ul>
1254      * During formatting, the chronology is obtained from the temporal object
1255      * being formatted, which may have been overridden by
1256      * {@link DateTimeFormatter#withChronology(Chronology)}.
1257      * <p>
1258      * During parsing, if a chronology has already been parsed, then it is used.
1259      * Otherwise the default from {@code DateTimeFormatter.withChronology(Chronology)}
1260      * is used, with {@code IsoChronology} as the fallback.
1261      * <p>
1262      * Note that this method provides similar functionality to methods on
1263      * {@code DateFormat} such as {@link java.text.DateFormat#getDateTimeInstance(int, int)}.
1264      *
1265      * @param dateStyle  the date style to use, null means no date required
1266      * @param timeStyle  the time style to use, null means no time required
1267      * @return this, for chaining, not null
1268      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if both the date and time styles are null
1269      */
1270     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendLocalized(FormatStyle dateStyle, FormatStyle timeStyle) {
1271         if (dateStyle == null && timeStyle == null) {
1272             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Either the date or time style must be non-null");
1273         }
1274         appendInternal(new LocalizedPrinterParser(dateStyle, timeStyle));
1275         return this;
1276     }
1277 
1278     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1279     /**
1280      * Appends a character literal to the formatter.
1281      * <p>
1282      * This character will be output during a format.
1283      *
1284      * @param literal  the literal to append, not null
1285      * @return this, for chaining, not null
1286      */
1287     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendLiteral(char literal) {
1288         appendInternal(new CharLiteralPrinterParser(literal));
1289         return this;
1290     }
1291 
1292     /**
1293      * Appends a string literal to the formatter.
1294      * <p>
1295      * This string will be output during a format.
1296      * <p>
1297      * If the literal is empty, nothing is added to the formatter.
1298      *
1299      * @param literal  the literal to append, not null
1300      * @return this, for chaining, not null
1301      */
1302     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendLiteral(String literal) {
1303         Objects.requireNonNull(literal, "literal");
1304         if (literal.length() > 0) {
1305             if (literal.length() == 1) {
1306                 appendInternal(new CharLiteralPrinterParser(literal.charAt(0)));
1307             } else {
1308                 appendInternal(new StringLiteralPrinterParser(literal));
1309             }
1310         }
1311         return this;
1312     }
1313 
1314     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1315     /**
1316      * Appends all the elements of a formatter to the builder.
1317      * <p>
1318      * This method has the same effect as appending each of the constituent
1319      * parts of the formatter directly to this builder.
1320      *
1321      * @param formatter  the formatter to add, not null
1322      * @return this, for chaining, not null
1323      */
1324     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder append(DateTimeFormatter formatter) {
1325         Objects.requireNonNull(formatter, "formatter");
1326         appendInternal(formatter.toPrinterParser(false));
1327         return this;
1328     }
1329 
1330     /**
1331      * Appends a formatter to the builder which will optionally format/parse.
1332      * <p>
1333      * This method has the same effect as appending each of the constituent
1334      * parts directly to this builder surrounded by an {@link #optionalStart()} and
1335      * {@link #optionalEnd()}.
1336      * <p>
1337      * The formatter will format if data is available for all the fields contained within it.
1338      * The formatter will parse if the string matches, otherwise no error is returned.
1339      *
1340      * @param formatter  the formatter to add, not null
1341      * @return this, for chaining, not null
1342      */
1343     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendOptional(DateTimeFormatter formatter) {
1344         Objects.requireNonNull(formatter, "formatter");
1345         appendInternal(formatter.toPrinterParser(true));
1346         return this;
1347     }
1348 
1349     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1350     /**
1351      * Appends the elements defined by the specified pattern to the builder.
1352      * <p>
1353      * All letters 'A' to 'Z' and 'a' to 'z' are reserved as pattern letters.
1354      * The characters '#', '{' and '}' are reserved for future use.
1355      * The characters '[' and ']' indicate optional patterns.
1356      * The following pattern letters are defined:
1357      * <pre>
1358      *  Symbol  Meaning                     Presentation      Examples
1359      *  ------  -------                     ------------      -------
1360      *   G       era                         text              AD; Anno Domini; A
1361      *   u       year                        year              2004; 04
1362      *   y       year-of-era                 year              2004; 04
1363      *   D       day-of-year                 number            189
1364      *   M/L     month-of-year               number/text       7; 07; Jul; July; J
1365      *   d       day-of-month                number            10
1366      *
1367      *   Q/q     quarter-of-year             number/text       3; 03; Q3; 3rd quarter
1368      *   Y       week-based-year             year              1996; 96
1369      *   w       week-of-week-based-year     number            27
1370      *   W       week-of-month               number            4
1371      *   E       day-of-week                 text              Tue; Tuesday; T
1372      *   e/c     localized day-of-week       number/text       2; 02; Tue; Tuesday; T
1373      *   F       week-of-month               number            3
1374      *
1375      *   a       am-pm-of-day                text              PM
1376      *   h       clock-hour-of-am-pm (1-12)  number            12
1377      *   K       hour-of-am-pm (0-11)        number            0
1378      *   k       clock-hour-of-am-pm (1-24)  number            0
1379      *
1380      *   H       hour-of-day (0-23)          number            0
1381      *   m       minute-of-hour              number            30
1382      *   s       second-of-minute            number            55
1383      *   S       fraction-of-second          fraction          978
1384      *   A       milli-of-day                number            1234
1385      *   n       nano-of-second              number            987654321
1386      *   N       nano-of-day                 number            1234000000
1387      *
1388      *   V       time-zone ID                zone-id           America/Los_Angeles; Z; -08:30
1389      *   z       time-zone name              zone-name         Pacific Standard Time; PST
1390      *   O       localized zone-offset       offset-O          GMT+8; GMT+08:00; UTC-08:00;
1391      *   X       zone-offset 'Z' for zero    offset-X          Z; -08; -0830; -08:30; -083015; -08:30:15;
1392      *   x       zone-offset                 offset-x          +0000; -08; -0830; -08:30; -083015; -08:30:15;
1393      *   Z       zone-offset                 offset-Z          +0000; -0800; -08:00;
1394      *
1395      *   p       pad next                    pad modifier      1
1396      *
1397      *   '       escape for text             delimiter
1398      *   ''      single quote                literal           '
1399      *   [       optional section start
1400      *   ]       optional section end
1401      *   #       reserved for future use
1402      *   {       reserved for future use
1403      *   }       reserved for future use
1404      * </pre>
1405      * <p>
1406      * The count of pattern letters determine the format.
1407      * See <a href="DateTimeFormatter.html#patterns">DateTimeFormatter</a> for a user-focused description of the patterns.
1408      * The following tables define how the pattern letters map to the builder.
1409      * <p>
1410      * <b>Date fields</b>: Pattern letters to output a date.
1411      * <pre>
1412      *  Pattern  Count  Equivalent builder methods
1413      *  -------  -----  --------------------------
1414      *    G       1      appendText(ChronoField.ERA, TextStyle.SHORT)
1415      *    GG      2      appendText(ChronoField.ERA, TextStyle.SHORT)
1416      *    GGG     3      appendText(ChronoField.ERA, TextStyle.SHORT)
1417      *    GGGG    4      appendText(ChronoField.ERA, TextStyle.FULL)
1418      *    GGGGG   5      appendText(ChronoField.ERA, TextStyle.NARROW)
1419      *
1420      *    u       1      appendValue(ChronoField.YEAR, 1, 19, SignStyle.NORMAL);
1421      *    uu      2      appendValueReduced(ChronoField.YEAR, 2, 2000);
1422      *    uuu     3      appendValue(ChronoField.YEAR, 3, 19, SignStyle.NORMAL);
1423      *    u..u    4..n   appendValue(ChronoField.YEAR, n, 19, SignStyle.EXCEEDS_PAD);
1424      *    y       1      appendValue(ChronoField.YEAR_OF_ERA, 1, 19, SignStyle.NORMAL);
1425      *    yy      2      appendValueReduced(ChronoField.YEAR_OF_ERA, 2, 2000);
1426      *    yyy     3      appendValue(ChronoField.YEAR_OF_ERA, 3, 19, SignStyle.NORMAL);
1427      *    y..y    4..n   appendValue(ChronoField.YEAR_OF_ERA, n, 19, SignStyle.EXCEEDS_PAD);
1428      *    Y       1      append special localized WeekFields element for numeric week-based-year
1429      *    YY      2      append special localized WeekFields element for reduced numeric week-based-year 2 digits;
1430      *    YYY     3      append special localized WeekFields element for numeric week-based-year (3, 19, SignStyle.NORMAL);
1431      *    Y..Y    4..n   append special localized WeekFields element for numeric week-based-year (n, 19, SignStyle.EXCEEDS_PAD);
1432      *
1433      *    Q       1      appendValue(IsoFields.QUARTER_OF_YEAR);
1434      *    QQ      2      appendValue(IsoFields.QUARTER_OF_YEAR, 2);
1435      *    QQQ     3      appendText(IsoFields.QUARTER_OF_YEAR, TextStyle.SHORT)
1436      *    QQQQ    4      appendText(IsoFields.QUARTER_OF_YEAR, TextStyle.FULL)
1437      *    QQQQQ   5      appendText(IsoFields.QUARTER_OF_YEAR, TextStyle.NARROW)
1438      *    q       1      appendValue(IsoFields.QUARTER_OF_YEAR);
1439      *    qq      2      appendValue(IsoFields.QUARTER_OF_YEAR, 2);
1440      *    qqq     3      appendText(IsoFields.QUARTER_OF_YEAR, TextStyle.SHORT_STANDALONE)
1441      *    qqqq    4      appendText(IsoFields.QUARTER_OF_YEAR, TextStyle.FULL_STANDALONE)
1442      *    qqqqq   5      appendText(IsoFields.QUARTER_OF_YEAR, TextStyle.NARROW_STANDALONE)
1443      *
1444      *    M       1      appendValue(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR);
1445      *    MM      2      appendValue(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR, 2);
1446      *    MMM     3      appendText(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR, TextStyle.SHORT)
1447      *    MMMM    4      appendText(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR, TextStyle.FULL)
1448      *    MMMMM   5      appendText(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR, TextStyle.NARROW)
1449      *    L       1      appendValue(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR);
1450      *    LL      2      appendValue(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR, 2);
1451      *    LLL     3      appendText(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR, TextStyle.SHORT_STANDALONE)
1452      *    LLLL    4      appendText(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR, TextStyle.FULL_STANDALONE)
1453      *    LLLLL   5      appendText(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR, TextStyle.NARROW_STANDALONE)
1454      *
1455      *    w       1      append special localized WeekFields element for numeric week-of-year
1456      *    ww      1      append special localized WeekFields element for numeric week-of-year, zero-padded
1457      *    W       1      append special localized WeekFields element for numeric week-of-month
1458      *    d       1      appendValue(ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH)
1459      *    dd      2      appendValue(ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH, 2)
1460      *    D       1      appendValue(ChronoField.DAY_OF_YEAR)
1461      *    DD      2      appendValue(ChronoField.DAY_OF_YEAR, 2)
1462      *    DDD     3      appendValue(ChronoField.DAY_OF_YEAR, 3)
1463      *    F       1      appendValue(ChronoField.ALIGNED_DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH)
1464      *    E       1      appendText(ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK, TextStyle.SHORT)
1465      *    EE      2      appendText(ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK, TextStyle.SHORT)
1466      *    EEE     3      appendText(ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK, TextStyle.SHORT)
1467      *    EEEE    4      appendText(ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK, TextStyle.FULL)
1468      *    EEEEE   5      appendText(ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK, TextStyle.NARROW)
1469      *    e       1      append special localized WeekFields element for numeric day-of-week
1470      *    ee      2      append special localized WeekFields element for numeric day-of-week, zero-padded
1471      *    eee     3      appendText(ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK, TextStyle.SHORT)
1472      *    eeee    4      appendText(ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK, TextStyle.FULL)
1473      *    eeeee   5      appendText(ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK, TextStyle.NARROW)
1474      *    c       1      append special localized WeekFields element for numeric day-of-week
1475      *    ccc     3      appendText(ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK, TextStyle.SHORT_STANDALONE)
1476      *    cccc    4      appendText(ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK, TextStyle.FULL_STANDALONE)
1477      *    ccccc   5      appendText(ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK, TextStyle.NARROW_STANDALONE)
1478      * </pre>
1479      * <p>
1480      * <b>Time fields</b>: Pattern letters to output a time.
1481      * <pre>
1482      *  Pattern  Count  Equivalent builder methods
1483      *  -------  -----  --------------------------
1484      *    a       1      appendText(ChronoField.AMPM_OF_DAY, TextStyle.SHORT)
1485      *    h       1      appendValue(ChronoField.CLOCK_HOUR_OF_AMPM)
1486      *    hh      2      appendValue(ChronoField.CLOCK_HOUR_OF_AMPM, 2)
1487      *    H       1      appendValue(ChronoField.HOUR_OF_DAY)
1488      *    HH      2      appendValue(ChronoField.HOUR_OF_DAY, 2)
1489      *    k       1      appendValue(ChronoField.CLOCK_HOUR_OF_DAY)
1490      *    kk      2      appendValue(ChronoField.CLOCK_HOUR_OF_DAY, 2)
1491      *    K       1      appendValue(ChronoField.HOUR_OF_AMPM)
1492      *    KK      2      appendValue(ChronoField.HOUR_OF_AMPM, 2)
1493      *    m       1      appendValue(ChronoField.MINUTE_OF_HOUR)
1494      *    mm      2      appendValue(ChronoField.MINUTE_OF_HOUR, 2)
1495      *    s       1      appendValue(ChronoField.SECOND_OF_MINUTE)
1496      *    ss      2      appendValue(ChronoField.SECOND_OF_MINUTE, 2)
1497      *
1498      *    S..S    1..n   appendFraction(ChronoField.NANO_OF_SECOND, n, n, false)
1499      *    A       1      appendValue(ChronoField.MILLI_OF_DAY)
1500      *    A..A    2..n   appendValue(ChronoField.MILLI_OF_DAY, n)
1501      *    n       1      appendValue(ChronoField.NANO_OF_SECOND)
1502      *    n..n    2..n   appendValue(ChronoField.NANO_OF_SECOND, n)
1503      *    N       1      appendValue(ChronoField.NANO_OF_DAY)
1504      *    N..N    2..n   appendValue(ChronoField.NANO_OF_DAY, n)
1505      * </pre>
1506      * <p>
1507      * <b>Zone ID</b>: Pattern letters to output {@code ZoneId}.
1508      * <pre>
1509      *  Pattern  Count  Equivalent builder methods
1510      *  -------  -----  --------------------------
1511      *    VV      2      appendZoneId()
1512      *    z       1      appendZoneText(TextStyle.SHORT)
1513      *    zz      2      appendZoneText(TextStyle.SHORT)
1514      *    zzz     3      appendZoneText(TextStyle.SHORT)
1515      *    zzzz    4      appendZoneText(TextStyle.FULL)
1516      * </pre>
1517      * <p>
1518      * <b>Zone offset</b>: Pattern letters to output {@code ZoneOffset}.
1519      * <pre>
1520      *  Pattern  Count  Equivalent builder methods
1521      *  -------  -----  --------------------------
1522      *    O       1      appendLocalizedOffsetPrefixed(TextStyle.SHORT);
1523      *    OOOO    4      appendLocalizedOffsetPrefixed(TextStyle.FULL);
1524      *    X       1      appendOffset("+HHmm","Z")
1525      *    XX      2      appendOffset("+HHMM","Z")
1526      *    XXX     3      appendOffset("+HH:MM","Z")
1527      *    XXXX    4      appendOffset("+HHMMss","Z")
1528      *    XXXXX   5      appendOffset("+HH:MM:ss","Z")
1529      *    x       1      appendOffset("+HHmm","+00")
1530      *    xx      2      appendOffset("+HHMM","+0000")
1531      *    xxx     3      appendOffset("+HH:MM","+00:00")
1532      *    xxxx    4      appendOffset("+HHMMss","+0000")
1533      *    xxxxx   5      appendOffset("+HH:MM:ss","+00:00")
1534      *    Z       1      appendOffset("+HHMM","+0000")
1535      *    ZZ      2      appendOffset("+HHMM","+0000")
1536      *    ZZZ     3      appendOffset("+HHMM","+0000")
1537      *    ZZZZ    4      appendLocalizedOffset(TextStyle.FULL);
1538      *    ZZZZZ   5      appendOffset("+HH:MM:ss","Z")
1539      * </pre>
1540      * <p>
1541      * <b>Modifiers</b>: Pattern letters that modify the rest of the pattern:
1542      * <pre>
1543      *  Pattern  Count  Equivalent builder methods
1544      *  -------  -----  --------------------------
1545      *    [       1      optionalStart()
1546      *    ]       1      optionalEnd()
1547      *    p..p    1..n   padNext(n)
1548      * </pre>
1549      * <p>
1550      * Any sequence of letters not specified above, unrecognized letter or
1551      * reserved character will throw an exception.
1552      * Future versions may add to the set of patterns.
1553      * It is recommended to use single quotes around all characters that you want
1554      * to output directly to ensure that future changes do not break your application.
1555      * <p>
1556      * Note that the pattern string is similar, but not identical, to
1557      * {@link java.text.SimpleDateFormat SimpleDateFormat}.
1558      * The pattern string is also similar, but not identical, to that defined by the
1559      * Unicode Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR/LDML).
1560      * Pattern letters 'X' and 'u' are aligned with Unicode CLDR/LDML.
1561      * By contrast, {@code SimpleDateFormat} uses 'u' for the numeric day of week.
1562      * Pattern letters 'y' and 'Y' parse years of two digits and more than 4 digits differently.
1563      * Pattern letters 'n', 'A', 'N', and 'p' are added.
1564      * Number types will reject large numbers.
1565      *
1566      * @param pattern  the pattern to add, not null
1567      * @return this, for chaining, not null
1568      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the pattern is invalid
1569      */
1570     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder appendPattern(String pattern) {
1571         Objects.requireNonNull(pattern, "pattern");
1572         parsePattern(pattern);
1573         return this;
1574     }
1575 
1576     private void parsePattern(String pattern) {
1577         for (int pos = 0; pos < pattern.length(); pos++) {
1578             char cur = pattern.charAt(pos);
1579             if ((cur >= 'A' && cur <= 'Z') || (cur >= 'a' && cur <= 'z')) {
1580                 int start = pos++;
1581                 for ( ; pos < pattern.length() && pattern.charAt(pos) == cur; pos++);  // short loop
1582                 int count = pos - start;
1583                 // padding
1584                 if (cur == 'p') {
1585                     int pad = 0;
1586                     if (pos < pattern.length()) {
1587                         cur = pattern.charAt(pos);
1588                         if ((cur >= 'A' && cur <= 'Z') || (cur >= 'a' && cur <= 'z')) {
1589                             pad = count;
1590                             start = pos++;
1591                             for ( ; pos < pattern.length() && pattern.charAt(pos) == cur; pos++);  // short loop
1592                             count = pos - start;
1593                         }
1594                     }
1595                     if (pad == 0) {
1596                         throw new IllegalArgumentException(
1597                                 "Pad letter 'p' must be followed by valid pad pattern: " + pattern);
1598                     }
1599                     padNext(pad); // pad and continue parsing
1600                 }
1601                 // main rules
1602                 TemporalField field = FIELD_MAP.get(cur);
1603                 if (field != null) {
1604                     parseField(cur, count, field);
1605                 } else if (cur == 'z') {
1606                     if (count > 4) {
1607                         throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too many pattern letters: " + cur);
1608                     } else if (count == 4) {
1609                         appendZoneText(TextStyle.FULL);
1610                     } else {
1611                         appendZoneText(TextStyle.SHORT);
1612                     }
1613                 } else if (cur == 'V') {
1614                     if (count != 2) {
1615                         throw new IllegalArgumentException("Pattern letter count must be 2: " + cur);
1616                     }
1617                     appendZoneId();
1618                 } else if (cur == 'Z') {
1619                     if (count < 4) {
1620                         appendOffset("+HHMM", "+0000");
1621                     } else if (count == 4) {
1622                         appendLocalizedOffset(TextStyle.FULL);
1623                     } else if (count == 5) {
1624                         appendOffset("+HH:MM:ss","Z");
1625                     } else {
1626                         throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too many pattern letters: " + cur);
1627                     }
1628                 } else if (cur == 'O') {
1629                     if (count == 1) {
1630                         appendLocalizedOffset(TextStyle.SHORT);
1631                     } else if (count == 4) {
1632                         appendLocalizedOffset(TextStyle.FULL);
1633                     } else {
1634                         throw new IllegalArgumentException("Pattern letter count must be 1 or 4: " + cur);
1635                     }
1636                 } else if (cur == 'X') {
1637                     if (count > 5) {
1638                         throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too many pattern letters: " + cur);
1639                     }
1640                     appendOffset(OffsetIdPrinterParser.PATTERNS[count + (count == 1 ? 0 : 1)], "Z");
1641                 } else if (cur == 'x') {
1642                     if (count > 5) {
1643                         throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too many pattern letters: " + cur);
1644                     }
1645                     String zero = (count == 1 ? "+00" : (count % 2 == 0 ? "+0000" : "+00:00"));
1646                     appendOffset(OffsetIdPrinterParser.PATTERNS[count + (count == 1 ? 0 : 1)], zero);
1647                 } else if (cur == 'W') {
1648                     // Fields defined by Locale
1649                     if (count > 1) {
1650                         throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too many pattern letters: " + cur);
1651                     }
1652                     appendInternal(new WeekBasedFieldPrinterParser(cur, count));
1653                 } else if (cur == 'w') {
1654                     // Fields defined by Locale
1655                     if (count > 2) {
1656                         throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too many pattern letters: " + cur);
1657                     }
1658                     appendInternal(new WeekBasedFieldPrinterParser(cur, count));
1659                 } else if (cur == 'Y') {
1660                     // Fields defined by Locale
1661                     appendInternal(new WeekBasedFieldPrinterParser(cur, count));
1662                 } else {
1663                     throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown pattern letter: " + cur);
1664                 }
1665                 pos--;
1666 
1667             } else if (cur == '\'') {
1668                 // parse literals
1669                 int start = pos++;
1670                 for ( ; pos < pattern.length(); pos++) {
1671                     if (pattern.charAt(pos) == '\'') {
1672                         if (pos + 1 < pattern.length() && pattern.charAt(pos + 1) == '\'') {
1673                             pos++;
1674                         } else {
1675                             break;  // end of literal
1676                         }
1677                     }
1678                 }
1679                 if (pos >= pattern.length()) {
1680                     throw new IllegalArgumentException("Pattern ends with an incomplete string literal: " + pattern);
1681                 }
1682                 String str = pattern.substring(start + 1, pos);
1683                 if (str.length() == 0) {
1684                     appendLiteral('\'');
1685                 } else {
1686                     appendLiteral(str.replace("''", "'"));
1687                 }
1688 
1689             } else if (cur == '[') {
1690                 optionalStart();
1691 
1692             } else if (cur == ']') {
1693                 if (active.parent == null) {
1694                     throw new IllegalArgumentException("Pattern invalid as it contains ] without previous [");
1695                 }
1696                 optionalEnd();
1697 
1698             } else if (cur == '{' || cur == '}' || cur == '#') {
1699                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Pattern includes reserved character: '" + cur + "'");
1700             } else {
1701                 appendLiteral(cur);
1702             }
1703         }
1704     }
1705 
1706     @SuppressWarnings("fallthrough")
1707     private void parseField(char cur, int count, TemporalField field) {
1708         boolean standalone = false;
1709         switch (cur) {
1710             case 'u':
1711             case 'y':
1712                 if (count == 2) {
1713                     appendValueReduced(field, 2, 2, ReducedPrinterParser.BASE_DATE);
1714                 } else if (count < 4) {
1715                     appendValue(field, count, 19, SignStyle.NORMAL);
1716                 } else {
1717                     appendValue(field, count, 19, SignStyle.EXCEEDS_PAD);
1718                 }
1719                 break;
1720             case 'c':
1721                 if (count == 2) {
1722                     throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid pattern \"cc\"");
1723                 }
1724                 /*fallthrough*/
1725             case 'L':
1726             case 'q':
1727                 standalone = true;
1728                 /*fallthrough*/
1729             case 'M':
1730             case 'Q':
1731             case 'E':
1732             case 'e':
1733                 switch (count) {
1734                     case 1:
1735                     case 2:
1736                         if (cur == 'c' || cur == 'e') {
1737                             appendInternal(new WeekBasedFieldPrinterParser(cur, count));
1738                         } else if (cur == 'E') {
1739                             appendText(field, TextStyle.SHORT);
1740                         } else {
1741                             if (count == 1) {
1742                                 appendValue(field);
1743                             } else {
1744                                 appendValue(field, 2);
1745                             }
1746                         }
1747                         break;
1748                     case 3:
1749                         appendText(field, standalone ? TextStyle.SHORT_STANDALONE : TextStyle.SHORT);
1750                         break;
1751                     case 4:
1752                         appendText(field, standalone ? TextStyle.FULL_STANDALONE : TextStyle.FULL);
1753                         break;
1754                     case 5:
1755                         appendText(field, standalone ? TextStyle.NARROW_STANDALONE : TextStyle.NARROW);
1756                         break;
1757                     default:
1758                         throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too many pattern letters: " + cur);
1759                 }
1760                 break;
1761             case 'a':
1762                 if (count == 1) {
1763                     appendText(field, TextStyle.SHORT);
1764                 } else {
1765                     throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too many pattern letters: " + cur);
1766                 }
1767                 break;
1768             case 'G':
1769                 switch (count) {
1770                     case 1:
1771                     case 2:
1772                     case 3:
1773                         appendText(field, TextStyle.SHORT);
1774                         break;
1775                     case 4:
1776                         appendText(field, TextStyle.FULL);
1777                         break;
1778                     case 5:
1779                         appendText(field, TextStyle.NARROW);
1780                         break;
1781                     default:
1782                         throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too many pattern letters: " + cur);
1783                 }
1784                 break;
1785             case 'S':
1786                 appendFraction(NANO_OF_SECOND, count, count, false);
1787                 break;
1788             case 'F':
1789                 if (count == 1) {
1790                     appendValue(field);
1791                 } else {
1792                     throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too many pattern letters: " + cur);
1793                 }
1794                 break;
1795             case 'd':
1796             case 'h':
1797             case 'H':
1798             case 'k':
1799             case 'K':
1800             case 'm':
1801             case 's':
1802                 if (count == 1) {
1803                     appendValue(field);
1804                 } else if (count == 2) {
1805                     appendValue(field, count);
1806                 } else {
1807                     throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too many pattern letters: " + cur);
1808                 }
1809                 break;
1810             case 'D':
1811                 if (count == 1) {
1812                     appendValue(field);
1813                 } else if (count <= 3) {
1814                     appendValue(field, count);
1815                 } else {
1816                     throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too many pattern letters: " + cur);
1817                 }
1818                 break;
1819             default:
1820                 if (count == 1) {
1821                     appendValue(field);
1822                 } else {
1823                     appendValue(field, count);
1824                 }
1825                 break;
1826         }
1827     }
1828 
1829     /** Map of letters to fields. */
1830     private static final Map<Character, TemporalField> FIELD_MAP = new HashMap<>();
1831     static {
1832         // SDF = SimpleDateFormat
1833         FIELD_MAP.put('G', ChronoField.ERA);                       // SDF, LDML (different to both for 1/2 chars)
1834         FIELD_MAP.put('y', ChronoField.YEAR_OF_ERA);               // SDF, LDML
1835         FIELD_MAP.put('u', ChronoField.YEAR);                      // LDML (different in SDF)
1836         FIELD_MAP.put('Q', IsoFields.QUARTER_OF_YEAR);             // LDML (removed quarter from 310)
1837         FIELD_MAP.put('q', IsoFields.QUARTER_OF_YEAR);             // LDML (stand-alone)
1838         FIELD_MAP.put('M', ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR);             // SDF, LDML
1839         FIELD_MAP.put('L', ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR);             // SDF, LDML (stand-alone)
1840         FIELD_MAP.put('D', ChronoField.DAY_OF_YEAR);               // SDF, LDML
1841         FIELD_MAP.put('d', ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH);              // SDF, LDML
1842         FIELD_MAP.put('F', ChronoField.ALIGNED_DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH);  // SDF, LDML
1843         FIELD_MAP.put('E', ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK);               // SDF, LDML (different to both for 1/2 chars)
1844         FIELD_MAP.put('c', ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK);               // LDML (stand-alone)
1845         FIELD_MAP.put('e', ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK);               // LDML (needs localized week number)
1846         FIELD_MAP.put('a', ChronoField.AMPM_OF_DAY);               // SDF, LDML
1847         FIELD_MAP.put('H', ChronoField.HOUR_OF_DAY);               // SDF, LDML
1848         FIELD_MAP.put('k', ChronoField.CLOCK_HOUR_OF_DAY);         // SDF, LDML
1849         FIELD_MAP.put('K', ChronoField.HOUR_OF_AMPM);              // SDF, LDML
1850         FIELD_MAP.put('h', ChronoField.CLOCK_HOUR_OF_AMPM);        // SDF, LDML
1851         FIELD_MAP.put('m', ChronoField.MINUTE_OF_HOUR);            // SDF, LDML
1852         FIELD_MAP.put('s', ChronoField.SECOND_OF_MINUTE);          // SDF, LDML
1853         FIELD_MAP.put('S', ChronoField.NANO_OF_SECOND);            // LDML (SDF uses milli-of-second number)
1854         FIELD_MAP.put('A', ChronoField.MILLI_OF_DAY);              // LDML
1855         FIELD_MAP.put('n', ChronoField.NANO_OF_SECOND);            // 310 (proposed for LDML)
1856         FIELD_MAP.put('N', ChronoField.NANO_OF_DAY);               // 310 (proposed for LDML)
1857         // 310 - z - time-zone names, matches LDML and SimpleDateFormat 1 to 4
1858         // 310 - Z - matches SimpleDateFormat and LDML
1859         // 310 - V - time-zone id, matches LDML
1860         // 310 - p - prefix for padding
1861         // 310 - X - matches LDML, almost matches SDF for 1, exact match 2&3, extended 4&5
1862         // 310 - x - matches LDML
1863         // 310 - w, W, and Y are localized forms matching LDML
1864         // LDML - U - cycle year name, not supported by 310 yet
1865         // LDML - l - deprecated
1866         // LDML - j - not relevant
1867         // LDML - g - modified-julian-day
1868         // LDML - v,V - extended time-zone names
1869     }
1870 
1871     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1872     /**
1873      * Causes the next added printer/parser to pad to a fixed width using a space.
1874      * <p>
1875      * This padding will pad to a fixed width using spaces.
1876      * <p>
1877      * During formatting, the decorated element will be output and then padded
1878      * to the specified width. An exception will be thrown during formatting if
1879      * the pad width is exceeded.
1880      * <p>
1881      * During parsing, the padding and decorated element are parsed.
1882      * If parsing is lenient, then the pad width is treated as a maximum.
1883      * If parsing is case insensitive, then the pad character is matched ignoring case.
1884      * The padding is parsed greedily. Thus, if the decorated element starts with
1885      * the pad character, it will not be parsed.
1886      *
1887      * @param padWidth  the pad width, 1 or greater
1888      * @return this, for chaining, not null
1889      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if pad width is too small
1890      */
1891     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder padNext(int padWidth) {
1892         return padNext(padWidth, ' ');
1893     }
1894 
1895     /**
1896      * Causes the next added printer/parser to pad to a fixed width.
1897      * <p>
1898      * This padding is intended for padding other than zero-padding.
1899      * Zero-padding should be achieved using the appendValue methods.
1900      * <p>
1901      * During formatting, the decorated element will be output and then padded
1902      * to the specified width. An exception will be thrown during formatting if
1903      * the pad width is exceeded.
1904      * <p>
1905      * During parsing, the padding and decorated element are parsed.
1906      * If parsing is lenient, then the pad width is treated as a maximum.
1907      * If parsing is case insensitive, then the pad character is matched ignoring case.
1908      * The padding is parsed greedily. Thus, if the decorated element starts with
1909      * the pad character, it will not be parsed.
1910      *
1911      * @param padWidth  the pad width, 1 or greater
1912      * @param padChar  the pad character
1913      * @return this, for chaining, not null
1914      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if pad width is too small
1915      */
1916     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder padNext(int padWidth, char padChar) {
1917         if (padWidth < 1) {
1918             throw new IllegalArgumentException("The pad width must be at least one but was " + padWidth);
1919         }
1920         active.padNextWidth = padWidth;
1921         active.padNextChar = padChar;
1922         active.valueParserIndex = -1;
1923         return this;
1924     }
1925 
1926     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1927     /**
1928      * Mark the start of an optional section.
1929      * <p>
1930      * The output of formatting can include optional sections, which may be nested.
1931      * An optional section is started by calling this method and ended by calling
1932      * {@link #optionalEnd()} or by ending the build process.
1933      * <p>
1934      * All elements in the optional section are treated as optional.
1935      * During formatting, the section is only output if data is available in the
1936      * {@code TemporalAccessor} for all the elements in the section.
1937      * During parsing, the whole section may be missing from the parsed string.
1938      * <p>
1939      * For example, consider a builder setup as
1940      * {@code builder.appendValue(HOUR_OF_DAY,2).optionalStart().appendValue(MINUTE_OF_HOUR,2)}.
1941      * The optional section ends automatically at the end of the builder.
1942      * During formatting, the minute will only be output if its value can be obtained from the date-time.
1943      * During parsing, the input will be successfully parsed whether the minute is present or not.
1944      *
1945      * @return this, for chaining, not null
1946      */
1947     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder optionalStart() {
1948         active.valueParserIndex = -1;
1949         active = new DateTimeFormatterBuilder(active, true);
1950         return this;
1951     }
1952 
1953     /**
1954      * Ends an optional section.
1955      * <p>
1956      * The output of formatting can include optional sections, which may be nested.
1957      * An optional section is started by calling {@link #optionalStart()} and ended
1958      * using this method (or at the end of the builder).
1959      * <p>
1960      * Calling this method without having previously called {@code optionalStart}
1961      * will throw an exception.
1962      * Calling this method immediately after calling {@code optionalStart} has no effect
1963      * on the formatter other than ending the (empty) optional section.
1964      * <p>
1965      * All elements in the optional section are treated as optional.
1966      * During formatting, the section is only output if data is available in the
1967      * {@code TemporalAccessor} for all the elements in the section.
1968      * During parsing, the whole section may be missing from the parsed string.
1969      * <p>
1970      * For example, consider a builder setup as
1971      * {@code builder.appendValue(HOUR_OF_DAY,2).optionalStart().appendValue(MINUTE_OF_HOUR,2).optionalEnd()}.
1972      * During formatting, the minute will only be output if its value can be obtained from the date-time.
1973      * During parsing, the input will be successfully parsed whether the minute is present or not.
1974      *
1975      * @return this, for chaining, not null
1976      * @throws IllegalStateException if there was no previous call to {@code optionalStart}
1977      */
1978     public DateTimeFormatterBuilder optionalEnd() {
1979         if (active.parent == null) {
1980             throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot call optionalEnd() as there was no previous call to optionalStart()");
1981         }
1982         if (active.printerParsers.size() > 0) {
1983             CompositePrinterParser cpp = new CompositePrinterParser(active.printerParsers, active.optional);
1984             active = active.parent;
1985             appendInternal(cpp);
1986         } else {
1987             active = active.parent;
1988         }
1989         return this;
1990     }
1991 
1992     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1993     /**
1994      * Appends a printer and/or parser to the internal list handling padding.
1995      *
1996      * @param pp  the printer-parser to add, not null
1997      * @return the index into the active parsers list
1998      */
1999     private int appendInternal(DateTimePrinterParser pp) {
2000         Objects.requireNonNull(pp, "pp");
2001         if (active.padNextWidth > 0) {
2002             if (pp != null) {
2003                 pp = new PadPrinterParserDecorator(pp, active.padNextWidth, active.padNextChar);
2004             }
2005             active.padNextWidth = 0;
2006             active.padNextChar = 0;
2007         }
2008         active.printerParsers.add(pp);
2009         active.valueParserIndex = -1;
2010         return active.printerParsers.size() - 1;
2011     }
2012 
2013     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2014     /**
2015      * Completes this builder by creating the {@code DateTimeFormatter}
2016      * using the default locale.
2017      * <p>
2018      * This will create a formatter with the {@linkplain Locale#getDefault(Locale.Category) default FORMAT locale}.
2019      * Numbers will be printed and parsed using the standard DecimalStyle.
2020      * The resolver style will be {@link ResolverStyle#SMART SMART}.
2021      * <p>
2022      * Calling this method will end any open optional sections by repeatedly
2023      * calling {@link #optionalEnd()} before creating the formatter.
2024      * <p>
2025      * This builder can still be used after creating the formatter if desired,
2026      * although the state may have been changed by calls to {@code optionalEnd}.
2027      *
2028      * @return the created formatter, not null
2029      */
2030     public DateTimeFormatter toFormatter() {
2031         return toFormatter(Locale.getDefault(Locale.Category.FORMAT));
2032     }
2033 
2034     /**
2035      * Completes this builder by creating the {@code DateTimeFormatter}
2036      * using the specified locale.
2037      * <p>
2038      * This will create a formatter with the specified locale.
2039      * Numbers will be printed and parsed using the standard DecimalStyle.
2040      * The resolver style will be {@link ResolverStyle#SMART SMART}.
2041      * <p>
2042      * Calling this method will end any open optional sections by repeatedly
2043      * calling {@link #optionalEnd()} before creating the formatter.
2044      * <p>
2045      * This builder can still be used after creating the formatter if desired,
2046      * although the state may have been changed by calls to {@code optionalEnd}.
2047      *
2048      * @param locale  the locale to use for formatting, not null
2049      * @return the created formatter, not null
2050      */
2051     public DateTimeFormatter toFormatter(Locale locale) {
2052         return toFormatter(locale, ResolverStyle.SMART, null);
2053     }
2054 
2055     /**
2056      * Completes this builder by creating the formatter.
2057      * This uses the default locale.
2058      *
2059      * @param resolverStyle  the resolver style to use, not null
2060      * @return the created formatter, not null
2061      */
2062     DateTimeFormatter toFormatter(ResolverStyle resolverStyle, Chronology chrono) {
2063         return toFormatter(Locale.getDefault(Locale.Category.FORMAT), resolverStyle, chrono);
2064     }
2065 
2066     /**
2067      * Completes this builder by creating the formatter.
2068      *
2069      * @param locale  the locale to use for formatting, not null
2070      * @param chrono  the chronology to use, may be null
2071      * @return the created formatter, not null
2072      */
2073     private DateTimeFormatter toFormatter(Locale locale, ResolverStyle resolverStyle, Chronology chrono) {
2074         Objects.requireNonNull(locale, "locale");
2075         while (active.parent != null) {
2076             optionalEnd();
2077         }
2078         CompositePrinterParser pp = new CompositePrinterParser(printerParsers, false);
2079         return new DateTimeFormatter(pp, locale, DecimalStyle.STANDARD,
2080                 resolverStyle, null, chrono, null);
2081     }
2082 
2083     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2084     /**
2085      * Strategy for formatting/parsing date-time information.
2086      * <p>
2087      * The printer may format any part, or the whole, of the input date-time object.
2088      * Typically, a complete format is constructed from a number of smaller
2089      * units, each outputting a single field.
2090      * <p>
2091      * The parser may parse any piece of text from the input, storing the result
2092      * in the context. Typically, each individual parser will just parse one
2093      * field, such as the day-of-month, storing the value in the context.
2094      * Once the parse is complete, the caller will then resolve the parsed values
2095      * to create the desired object, such as a {@code LocalDate}.
2096      * <p>
2097      * The parse position will be updated during the parse. Parsing will start at
2098      * the specified index and the return value specifies the new parse position
2099      * for the next parser. If an error occurs, the returned index will be negative
2100      * and will have the error position encoded using the complement operator.
2101      *
2102      * @implSpec
2103      * This interface must be implemented with care to ensure other classes operate correctly.
2104      * All implementations that can be instantiated must be final, immutable and thread-safe.
2105      * <p>
2106      * The context is not a thread-safe object and a new instance will be created
2107      * for each format that occurs. The context must not be stored in an instance
2108      * variable or shared with any other threads.
2109      */
2110     interface DateTimePrinterParser {
2111 
2112         /**
2113          * Prints the date-time object to the buffer.
2114          * <p>
2115          * The context holds information to use during the format.
2116          * It also contains the date-time information to be printed.
2117          * <p>
2118          * The buffer must not be mutated beyond the content controlled by the implementation.
2119          *
2120          * @param context  the context to format using, not null
2121          * @param buf  the buffer to append to, not null
2122          * @return false if unable to query the value from the date-time, true otherwise
2123          * @throws DateTimeException if the date-time cannot be printed successfully
2124          */
2125         boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf);
2126 
2127         /**
2128          * Parses text into date-time information.
2129          * <p>
2130          * The context holds information to use during the parse.
2131          * It is also used to store the parsed date-time information.
2132          *
2133          * @param context  the context to use and parse into, not null
2134          * @param text  the input text to parse, not null
2135          * @param position  the position to start parsing at, from 0 to the text length
2136          * @return the new parse position, where negative means an error with the
2137          *  error position encoded using the complement ~ operator
2138          * @throws NullPointerException if the context or text is null
2139          * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the position is invalid
2140          */
2141         int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position);
2142     }
2143 
2144     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2145     /**
2146      * Composite printer and parser.
2147      */
2148     static final class CompositePrinterParser implements DateTimePrinterParser {
2149         private final DateTimePrinterParser[] printerParsers;
2150         private final boolean optional;
2151 
2152         CompositePrinterParser(List<DateTimePrinterParser> printerParsers, boolean optional) {
2153             this(printerParsers.toArray(new DateTimePrinterParser[printerParsers.size()]), optional);
2154         }
2155 
2156         CompositePrinterParser(DateTimePrinterParser[] printerParsers, boolean optional) {
2157             this.printerParsers = printerParsers;
2158             this.optional = optional;
2159         }
2160 
2161         /**
2162          * Returns a copy of this printer-parser with the optional flag changed.
2163          *
2164          * @param optional  the optional flag to set in the copy
2165          * @return the new printer-parser, not null
2166          */
2167         public CompositePrinterParser withOptional(boolean optional) {
2168             if (optional == this.optional) {
2169                 return this;
2170             }
2171             return new CompositePrinterParser(printerParsers, optional);
2172         }
2173 
2174         @Override
2175         public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
2176             int length = buf.length();
2177             if (optional) {
2178                 context.startOptional();
2179             }
2180             try {
2181                 for (DateTimePrinterParser pp : printerParsers) {
2182                     if (pp.format(context, buf) == false) {
2183                         buf.setLength(length);  // reset buffer
2184                         return true;
2185                     }
2186                 }
2187             } finally {
2188                 if (optional) {
2189                     context.endOptional();
2190                 }
2191             }
2192             return true;
2193         }
2194 
2195         @Override
2196         public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
2197             if (optional) {
2198                 context.startOptional();
2199                 int pos = position;
2200                 for (DateTimePrinterParser pp : printerParsers) {
2201                     pos = pp.parse(context, text, pos);
2202                     if (pos < 0) {
2203                         context.endOptional(false);
2204                         return position;  // return original position
2205                     }
2206                 }
2207                 context.endOptional(true);
2208                 return pos;
2209             } else {
2210                 for (DateTimePrinterParser pp : printerParsers) {
2211                     position = pp.parse(context, text, position);
2212                     if (position < 0) {
2213                         break;
2214                     }
2215                 }
2216                 return position;
2217             }
2218         }
2219 
2220         @Override
2221         public String toString() {
2222             StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
2223             if (printerParsers != null) {
2224                 buf.append(optional ? "[" : "(");
2225                 for (DateTimePrinterParser pp : printerParsers) {
2226                     buf.append(pp);
2227                 }
2228                 buf.append(optional ? "]" : ")");
2229             }
2230             return buf.toString();
2231         }
2232     }
2233 
2234     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2235     /**
2236      * Pads the output to a fixed width.
2237      */
2238     static final class PadPrinterParserDecorator implements DateTimePrinterParser {
2239         private final DateTimePrinterParser printerParser;
2240         private final int padWidth;
2241         private final char padChar;
2242 
2243         /**
2244          * Constructor.
2245          *
2246          * @param printerParser  the printer, not null
2247          * @param padWidth  the width to pad to, 1 or greater
2248          * @param padChar  the pad character
2249          */
2250         PadPrinterParserDecorator(DateTimePrinterParser printerParser, int padWidth, char padChar) {
2251             // input checked by DateTimeFormatterBuilder
2252             this.printerParser = printerParser;
2253             this.padWidth = padWidth;
2254             this.padChar = padChar;
2255         }
2256 
2257         @Override
2258         public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
2259             int preLen = buf.length();
2260             if (printerParser.format(context, buf) == false) {
2261                 return false;
2262             }
2263             int len = buf.length() - preLen;
2264             if (len > padWidth) {
2265                 throw new DateTimeException(
2266                     "Cannot print as output of " + len + " characters exceeds pad width of " + padWidth);
2267             }
2268             for (int i = 0; i < padWidth - len; i++) {
2269                 buf.insert(preLen, padChar);
2270             }
2271             return true;
2272         }
2273 
2274         @Override
2275         public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
2276             // cache context before changed by decorated parser
2277             final boolean strict = context.isStrict();
2278             // parse
2279             if (position > text.length()) {
2280                 throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
2281             }
2282             if (position == text.length()) {
2283                 return ~position;  // no more characters in the string
2284             }
2285             int endPos = position + padWidth;
2286             if (endPos > text.length()) {
2287                 if (strict) {
2288                     return ~position;  // not enough characters in the string to meet the parse width
2289                 }
2290                 endPos = text.length();
2291             }
2292             int pos = position;
2293             while (pos < endPos && context.charEquals(text.charAt(pos), padChar)) {
2294                 pos++;
2295             }
2296             text = text.subSequence(0, endPos);
2297             int resultPos = printerParser.parse(context, text, pos);
2298             if (resultPos != endPos && strict) {
2299                 return ~(position + pos);  // parse of decorated field didn't parse to the end
2300             }
2301             return resultPos;
2302         }
2303 
2304         @Override
2305         public String toString() {
2306             return "Pad(" + printerParser + "," + padWidth + (padChar == ' ' ? ")" : ",'" + padChar + "')");
2307         }
2308     }
2309 
2310     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2311     /**
2312      * Enumeration to apply simple parse settings.
2313      */
2314     static enum SettingsParser implements DateTimePrinterParser {
2315         SENSITIVE,
2316         INSENSITIVE,
2317         STRICT,
2318         LENIENT;
2319 
2320         @Override
2321         public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
2322             return true;  // nothing to do here
2323         }
2324 
2325         @Override
2326         public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
2327             // using ordinals to avoid javac synthetic inner class
2328             switch (ordinal()) {
2329                 case 0: context.setCaseSensitive(true); break;
2330                 case 1: context.setCaseSensitive(false); break;
2331                 case 2: context.setStrict(true); break;
2332                 case 3: context.setStrict(false); break;
2333             }
2334             return position;
2335         }
2336 
2337         @Override
2338         public String toString() {
2339             // using ordinals to avoid javac synthetic inner class
2340             switch (ordinal()) {
2341                 case 0: return "ParseCaseSensitive(true)";
2342                 case 1: return "ParseCaseSensitive(false)";
2343                 case 2: return "ParseStrict(true)";
2344                 case 3: return "ParseStrict(false)";
2345             }
2346             throw new IllegalStateException("Unreachable");
2347         }
2348     }
2349 
2350     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2351     /**
2352      * Defaults a value into the parse if not currently present.
2353      */
2354     static class DefaultValueParser implements DateTimePrinterParser {
2355         private final TemporalField field;
2356         private final long value;
2357 
2358         DefaultValueParser(TemporalField field, long value) {
2359             this.field = field;
2360             this.value = value;
2361         }
2362 
2363         public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
2364             return true;
2365         }
2366 
2367         public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
2368             if (context.getParsed(field) == null) {
2369                 context.setParsedField(field, value, position, position);
2370             }
2371             return position;
2372         }
2373     }
2374 
2375     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2376     /**
2377      * Prints or parses a character literal.
2378      */
2379     static final class CharLiteralPrinterParser implements DateTimePrinterParser {
2380         private final char literal;
2381 
2382         CharLiteralPrinterParser(char literal) {
2383             this.literal = literal;
2384         }
2385 
2386         @Override
2387         public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
2388             buf.append(literal);
2389             return true;
2390         }
2391 
2392         @Override
2393         public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
2394             int length = text.length();
2395             if (position == length) {
2396                 return ~position;
2397             }
2398             char ch = text.charAt(position);
2399             if (ch != literal) {
2400                 if (context.isCaseSensitive() ||
2401                         (Character.toUpperCase(ch) != Character.toUpperCase(literal) &&
2402                          Character.toLowerCase(ch) != Character.toLowerCase(literal))) {
2403                     return ~position;
2404                 }
2405             }
2406             return position + 1;
2407         }
2408 
2409         @Override
2410         public String toString() {
2411             if (literal == '\'') {
2412                 return "''";
2413             }
2414             return "'" + literal + "'";
2415         }
2416     }
2417 
2418     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2419     /**
2420      * Prints or parses a string literal.
2421      */
2422     static final class StringLiteralPrinterParser implements DateTimePrinterParser {
2423         private final String literal;
2424 
2425         StringLiteralPrinterParser(String literal) {
2426             this.literal = literal;  // validated by caller
2427         }
2428 
2429         @Override
2430         public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
2431             buf.append(literal);
2432             return true;
2433         }
2434 
2435         @Override
2436         public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
2437             int length = text.length();
2438             if (position > length || position < 0) {
2439                 throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
2440             }
2441             if (context.subSequenceEquals(text, position, literal, 0, literal.length()) == false) {
2442                 return ~position;
2443             }
2444             return position + literal.length();
2445         }
2446 
2447         @Override
2448         public String toString() {
2449             String converted = literal.replace("'", "''");
2450             return "'" + converted + "'";
2451         }
2452     }
2453 
2454     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2455     /**
2456      * Prints and parses a numeric date-time field with optional padding.
2457      */
2458     static class NumberPrinterParser implements DateTimePrinterParser {
2459 
2460         /**
2461          * Array of 10 to the power of n.
2462          */
2463         static final long[] EXCEED_POINTS = new long[] {
2464             0L,
2465             10L,
2466             100L,
2467             1000L,
2468             10000L,
2469             100000L,
2470             1000000L,
2471             10000000L,
2472             100000000L,
2473             1000000000L,
2474             10000000000L,
2475         };
2476 
2477         final TemporalField field;
2478         final int minWidth;
2479         final int maxWidth;
2480         private final SignStyle signStyle;
2481         final int subsequentWidth;
2482 
2483         /**
2484          * Constructor.
2485          *
2486          * @param field  the field to format, not null
2487          * @param minWidth  the minimum field width, from 1 to 19
2488          * @param maxWidth  the maximum field width, from minWidth to 19
2489          * @param signStyle  the positive/negative sign style, not null
2490          */
2491         NumberPrinterParser(TemporalField field, int minWidth, int maxWidth, SignStyle signStyle) {
2492             // validated by caller
2493             this.field = field;
2494             this.minWidth = minWidth;
2495             this.maxWidth = maxWidth;
2496             this.signStyle = signStyle;
2497             this.subsequentWidth = 0;
2498         }
2499 
2500         /**
2501          * Constructor.
2502          *
2503          * @param field  the field to format, not null
2504          * @param minWidth  the minimum field width, from 1 to 19
2505          * @param maxWidth  the maximum field width, from minWidth to 19
2506          * @param signStyle  the positive/negative sign style, not null
2507          * @param subsequentWidth  the width of subsequent non-negative numbers, 0 or greater,
2508          *  -1 if fixed width due to active adjacent parsing
2509          */
2510         protected NumberPrinterParser(TemporalField field, int minWidth, int maxWidth, SignStyle signStyle, int subsequentWidth) {
2511             // validated by caller
2512             this.field = field;
2513             this.minWidth = minWidth;
2514             this.maxWidth = maxWidth;
2515             this.signStyle = signStyle;
2516             this.subsequentWidth = subsequentWidth;
2517         }
2518 
2519         /**
2520          * Returns a new instance with fixed width flag set.
2521          *
2522          * @return a new updated printer-parser, not null
2523          */
2524         NumberPrinterParser withFixedWidth() {
2525             if (subsequentWidth == -1) {
2526                 return this;
2527             }
2528             return new NumberPrinterParser(field, minWidth, maxWidth, signStyle, -1);
2529         }
2530 
2531         /**
2532          * Returns a new instance with an updated subsequent width.
2533          *
2534          * @param subsequentWidth  the width of subsequent non-negative numbers, 0 or greater
2535          * @return a new updated printer-parser, not null
2536          */
2537         NumberPrinterParser withSubsequentWidth(int subsequentWidth) {
2538             return new NumberPrinterParser(field, minWidth, maxWidth, signStyle, this.subsequentWidth + subsequentWidth);
2539         }
2540 
2541         @Override
2542         public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
2543             Long valueLong = context.getValue(field);
2544             if (valueLong == null) {
2545                 return false;
2546             }
2547             long value = getValue(context, valueLong);
2548             DecimalStyle decimalStyle = context.getDecimalStyle();
2549             String str = (value == Long.MIN_VALUE ? "9223372036854775808" : Long.toString(Math.abs(value)));
2550             if (str.length() > maxWidth) {
2551                 throw new DateTimeException("Field " + field +
2552                     " cannot be printed as the value " + value +
2553                     " exceeds the maximum print width of " + maxWidth);
2554             }
2555             str = decimalStyle.convertNumberToI18N(str);
2556 
2557             if (value >= 0) {
2558                 switch (signStyle) {
2559                     case EXCEEDS_PAD:
2560                         if (minWidth < 19 && value >= EXCEED_POINTS[minWidth]) {
2561                             buf.append(decimalStyle.getPositiveSign());
2562                         }
2563                         break;
2564                     case ALWAYS:
2565                         buf.append(decimalStyle.getPositiveSign());
2566                         break;
2567                 }
2568             } else {
2569                 switch (signStyle) {
2570                     case NORMAL:
2571                     case EXCEEDS_PAD:
2572                     case ALWAYS:
2573                         buf.append(decimalStyle.getNegativeSign());
2574                         break;
2575                     case NOT_NEGATIVE:
2576                         throw new DateTimeException("Field " + field +
2577                             " cannot be printed as the value " + value +
2578                             " cannot be negative according to the SignStyle");
2579                 }
2580             }
2581             for (int i = 0; i < minWidth - str.length(); i++) {
2582                 buf.append(decimalStyle.getZeroDigit());
2583             }
2584             buf.append(str);
2585             return true;
2586         }
2587 
2588         /**
2589          * Gets the value to output.
2590          *
2591          * @param context  the context
2592          * @param value  the value of the field, not null
2593          * @return the value
2594          */
2595         long getValue(DateTimePrintContext context, long value) {
2596             return value;
2597         }
2598 
2599         /**
2600          * For NumberPrinterParser, the width is fixed depending on the
2601          * minWidth, maxWidth, signStyle and whether subsequent fields are fixed.
2602          * @param context the context
2603          * @return true if the field is fixed width
2604          * @see DateTimeFormatterBuilder#appendValue(java.time.temporal.TemporalField, int)
2605          */
2606         boolean isFixedWidth(DateTimeParseContext context) {
2607             return subsequentWidth == -1 ||
2608                 (subsequentWidth > 0 && minWidth == maxWidth && signStyle == SignStyle.NOT_NEGATIVE);
2609         }
2610 
2611         @Override
2612         public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
2613             int length = text.length();
2614             if (position == length) {
2615                 return ~position;
2616             }
2617             char sign = text.charAt(position);  // IOOBE if invalid position
2618             boolean negative = false;
2619             boolean positive = false;
2620             if (sign == context.getDecimalStyle().getPositiveSign()) {
2621                 if (signStyle.parse(true, context.isStrict(), minWidth == maxWidth) == false) {
2622                     return ~position;
2623                 }
2624                 positive = true;
2625                 position++;
2626             } else if (sign == context.getDecimalStyle().getNegativeSign()) {
2627                 if (signStyle.parse(false, context.isStrict(), minWidth == maxWidth) == false) {
2628                     return ~position;
2629                 }
2630                 negative = true;
2631                 position++;
2632             } else {
2633                 if (signStyle == SignStyle.ALWAYS && context.isStrict()) {
2634                     return ~position;
2635                 }
2636             }
2637             int effMinWidth = (context.isStrict() || isFixedWidth(context) ? minWidth : 1);
2638             int minEndPos = position + effMinWidth;
2639             if (minEndPos > length) {
2640                 return ~position;
2641             }
2642             int effMaxWidth = (context.isStrict() || isFixedWidth(context) ? maxWidth : 9) + Math.max(subsequentWidth, 0);
2643             long total = 0;
2644             BigInteger totalBig = null;
2645             int pos = position;
2646             for (int pass = 0; pass < 2; pass++) {
2647                 int maxEndPos = Math.min(pos + effMaxWidth, length);
2648                 while (pos < maxEndPos) {
2649                     char ch = text.charAt(pos++);
2650                     int digit = context.getDecimalStyle().convertToDigit(ch);
2651                     if (digit < 0) {
2652                         pos--;
2653                         if (pos < minEndPos) {
2654                             return ~position;  // need at least min width digits
2655                         }
2656                         break;
2657                     }
2658                     if ((pos - position) > 18) {
2659                         if (totalBig == null) {
2660                             totalBig = BigInteger.valueOf(total);
2661                         }
2662                         totalBig = totalBig.multiply(BigInteger.TEN).add(BigInteger.valueOf(digit));
2663                     } else {
2664                         total = total * 10 + digit;
2665                     }
2666                 }
2667                 if (subsequentWidth > 0 && pass == 0) {
2668                     // re-parse now we know the correct width
2669                     int parseLen = pos - position;
2670                     effMaxWidth = Math.max(effMinWidth, parseLen - subsequentWidth);
2671                     pos = position;
2672                     total = 0;
2673                     totalBig = null;
2674                 } else {
2675                     break;
2676                 }
2677             }
2678             if (negative) {
2679                 if (totalBig != null) {
2680                     if (totalBig.equals(BigInteger.ZERO) && context.isStrict()) {
2681                         return ~(position - 1);  // minus zero not allowed
2682                     }
2683                     totalBig = totalBig.negate();
2684                 } else {
2685                     if (total == 0 && context.isStrict()) {
2686                         return ~(position - 1);  // minus zero not allowed
2687                     }
2688                     total = -total;
2689                 }
2690             } else if (signStyle == SignStyle.EXCEEDS_PAD && context.isStrict()) {
2691                 int parseLen = pos - position;
2692                 if (positive) {
2693                     if (parseLen <= minWidth) {
2694                         return ~(position - 1);  // '+' only parsed if minWidth exceeded
2695                     }
2696                 } else {
2697                     if (parseLen > minWidth) {
2698                         return ~position;  // '+' must be parsed if minWidth exceeded
2699                     }
2700                 }
2701             }
2702             if (totalBig != null) {
2703                 if (totalBig.bitLength() > 63) {
2704                     // overflow, parse 1 less digit
2705                     totalBig = totalBig.divide(BigInteger.TEN);
2706                     pos--;
2707                 }
2708                 return setValue(context, totalBig.longValue(), position, pos);
2709             }
2710             return setValue(context, total, position, pos);
2711         }
2712 
2713         /**
2714          * Stores the value.
2715          *
2716          * @param context  the context to store into, not null
2717          * @param value  the value
2718          * @param errorPos  the position of the field being parsed
2719          * @param successPos  the position after the field being parsed
2720          * @return the new position
2721          */
2722         int setValue(DateTimeParseContext context, long value, int errorPos, int successPos) {
2723             return context.setParsedField(field, value, errorPos, successPos);
2724         }
2725 
2726         @Override
2727         public String toString() {
2728             if (minWidth == 1 && maxWidth == 19 && signStyle == SignStyle.NORMAL) {
2729                 return "Value(" + field + ")";
2730             }
2731             if (minWidth == maxWidth && signStyle == SignStyle.NOT_NEGATIVE) {
2732                 return "Value(" + field + "," + minWidth + ")";
2733             }
2734             return "Value(" + field + "," + minWidth + "," + maxWidth + "," + signStyle + ")";
2735         }
2736     }
2737 
2738     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2739     /**
2740      * Prints and parses a reduced numeric date-time field.
2741      */
2742     static final class ReducedPrinterParser extends NumberPrinterParser {
2743         /**
2744          * The base date for reduced value parsing.
2745          */
2746         static final LocalDate BASE_DATE = LocalDate.of(2000, 1, 1);
2747 
2748         private final int baseValue;
2749         private final ChronoLocalDate baseDate;
2750 
2751         /**
2752          * Constructor.
2753          *
2754          * @param field  the field to format, validated not null
2755          * @param minWidth  the minimum field width, from 1 to 10
2756          * @param maxWidth  the maximum field width, from 1 to 10
2757          * @param baseValue  the base value
2758          * @param baseDate  the base date
2759          */
2760         ReducedPrinterParser(TemporalField field, int minWidth, int maxWidth,
2761                 int baseValue, ChronoLocalDate baseDate) {
2762             this(field, minWidth, maxWidth, baseValue, baseDate, 0);
2763             if (minWidth < 1 || minWidth > 10) {
2764                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("The minWidth must be from 1 to 10 inclusive but was " + minWidth);
2765             }
2766             if (maxWidth < 1 || maxWidth > 10) {
2767                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("The maxWidth must be from 1 to 10 inclusive but was " + minWidth);
2768             }
2769             if (maxWidth < minWidth) {
2770                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Maximum width must exceed or equal the minimum width but " +
2771                         maxWidth + " < " + minWidth);
2772             }
2773             if (baseDate == null) {
2774                 if (field.range().isValidValue(baseValue) == false) {
2775                     throw new IllegalArgumentException("The base value must be within the range of the field");
2776                 }
2777                 if ((((long) baseValue) + EXCEED_POINTS[maxWidth]) > Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
2778                     throw new DateTimeException("Unable to add printer-parser as the range exceeds the capacity of an int");
2779                 }
2780             }
2781         }
2782 
2783         /**
2784          * Constructor.
2785          * The arguments have already been checked.
2786          *
2787          * @param field  the field to format, validated not null
2788          * @param minWidth  the minimum field width, from 1 to 10
2789          * @param maxWidth  the maximum field width, from 1 to 10
2790          * @param baseValue  the base value
2791          * @param baseDate  the base date
2792          * @param subsequentWidth the subsequentWidth for this instance
2793          */
2794         private ReducedPrinterParser(TemporalField field, int minWidth, int maxWidth,
2795                 int baseValue, ChronoLocalDate baseDate, int subsequentWidth) {
2796             super(field, minWidth, maxWidth, SignStyle.NOT_NEGATIVE, subsequentWidth);
2797             this.baseValue = baseValue;
2798             this.baseDate = baseDate;
2799         }
2800 
2801         @Override
2802         long getValue(DateTimePrintContext context, long value) {
2803             long absValue = Math.abs(value);
2804             int baseValue = this.baseValue;
2805             if (baseDate != null) {
2806                 Chronology chrono = Chronology.from(context.getTemporal());
2807                 baseValue = chrono.date(baseDate).get(field);
2808             }
2809             if (value >= baseValue && value < baseValue + EXCEED_POINTS[minWidth]) {
2810                 // Use the reduced value if it fits in minWidth
2811                 return absValue % EXCEED_POINTS[minWidth];
2812             }
2813             // Otherwise truncate to fit in maxWidth
2814             return absValue % EXCEED_POINTS[maxWidth];
2815         }
2816 
2817         @Override
2818         int setValue(DateTimeParseContext context, long value, int errorPos, int successPos) {
2819             int baseValue = this.baseValue;
2820             if (baseDate != null) {
2821                 Chronology chrono = context.getEffectiveChronology();
2822                 baseValue = chrono.date(baseDate).get(field);
2823 
2824                 // In case the Chronology is changed later, add a callback when/if it changes
2825                 final long initialValue = value;
2826                 context.addChronoChangedListener(
2827                         (_unused) ->  {
2828                             /* Repeat the set of the field using the current Chronology
2829                              * The success/error position is ignored because the value is
2830                              * intentionally being overwritten.
2831                              */
2832                             setValue(context, initialValue, errorPos, successPos);
2833                         });
2834             }
2835             int parseLen = successPos - errorPos;
2836             if (parseLen == minWidth && value >= 0) {
2837                 long range = EXCEED_POINTS[minWidth];
2838                 long lastPart = baseValue % range;
2839                 long basePart = baseValue - lastPart;
2840                 if (baseValue > 0) {
2841                     value = basePart + value;
2842                 } else {
2843                     value = basePart - value;
2844                 }
2845                 if (value < baseValue) {
2846                     value += range;
2847                 }
2848             }
2849             return context.setParsedField(field, value, errorPos, successPos);
2850         }
2851 
2852         /**
2853          * Returns a new instance with fixed width flag set.
2854          *
2855          * @return a new updated printer-parser, not null
2856          */
2857         @Override
2858         ReducedPrinterParser withFixedWidth() {
2859             if (subsequentWidth == -1) {
2860                 return this;
2861             }
2862             return new ReducedPrinterParser(field, minWidth, maxWidth, baseValue, baseDate, -1);
2863         }
2864 
2865         /**
2866          * Returns a new instance with an updated subsequent width.
2867          *
2868          * @param subsequentWidth  the width of subsequent non-negative numbers, 0 or greater
2869          * @return a new updated printer-parser, not null
2870          */
2871         @Override
2872         ReducedPrinterParser withSubsequentWidth(int subsequentWidth) {
2873             return new ReducedPrinterParser(field, minWidth, maxWidth, baseValue, baseDate,
2874                     this.subsequentWidth + subsequentWidth);
2875         }
2876 
2877         /**
2878          * For a ReducedPrinterParser, fixed width is false if the mode is strict,
2879          * otherwise it is set as for NumberPrinterParser.
2880          * @param context the context
2881          * @return if the field is fixed width
2882          * @see DateTimeFormatterBuilder#appendValueReduced(java.time.temporal.TemporalField, int, int, int)
2883          */
2884         @Override
2885         boolean isFixedWidth(DateTimeParseContext context) {
2886            if (context.isStrict() == false) {
2887                return false;
2888            }
2889            return super.isFixedWidth(context);
2890         }
2891 
2892         @Override
2893         public String toString() {
2894             return "ReducedValue(" + field + "," + minWidth + "," + maxWidth + "," + (baseDate != null ? baseDate : baseValue) + ")";
2895         }
2896     }
2897 
2898     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2899     /**
2900      * Prints and parses a numeric date-time field with optional padding.
2901      */
2902     static final class FractionPrinterParser implements DateTimePrinterParser {
2903         private final TemporalField field;
2904         private final int minWidth;
2905         private final int maxWidth;
2906         private final boolean decimalPoint;
2907 
2908         /**
2909          * Constructor.
2910          *
2911          * @param field  the field to output, not null
2912          * @param minWidth  the minimum width to output, from 0 to 9
2913          * @param maxWidth  the maximum width to output, from 0 to 9
2914          * @param decimalPoint  whether to output the localized decimal point symbol
2915          */
2916         FractionPrinterParser(TemporalField field, int minWidth, int maxWidth, boolean decimalPoint) {
2917             Objects.requireNonNull(field, "field");
2918             if (field.range().isFixed() == false) {
2919                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Field must have a fixed set of values: " + field);
2920             }
2921             if (minWidth < 0 || minWidth > 9) {
2922                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Minimum width must be from 0 to 9 inclusive but was " + minWidth);
2923             }
2924             if (maxWidth < 1 || maxWidth > 9) {
2925                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Maximum width must be from 1 to 9 inclusive but was " + maxWidth);
2926             }
2927             if (maxWidth < minWidth) {
2928                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Maximum width must exceed or equal the minimum width but " +
2929                         maxWidth + " < " + minWidth);
2930             }
2931             this.field = field;
2932             this.minWidth = minWidth;
2933             this.maxWidth = maxWidth;
2934             this.decimalPoint = decimalPoint;
2935         }
2936 
2937         @Override
2938         public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
2939             Long value = context.getValue(field);
2940             if (value == null) {
2941                 return false;
2942             }
2943             DecimalStyle decimalStyle = context.getDecimalStyle();
2944             BigDecimal fraction = convertToFraction(value);
2945             if (fraction.scale() == 0) {  // scale is zero if value is zero
2946                 if (minWidth > 0) {
2947                     if (decimalPoint) {
2948                         buf.append(decimalStyle.getDecimalSeparator());
2949                     }
2950                     for (int i = 0; i < minWidth; i++) {
2951                         buf.append(decimalStyle.getZeroDigit());
2952                     }
2953                 }
2954             } else {
2955                 int outputScale = Math.min(Math.max(fraction.scale(), minWidth), maxWidth);
2956                 fraction = fraction.setScale(outputScale, RoundingMode.FLOOR);
2957                 String str = fraction.toPlainString().substring(2);
2958                 str = decimalStyle.convertNumberToI18N(str);
2959                 if (decimalPoint) {
2960                     buf.append(decimalStyle.getDecimalSeparator());
2961                 }
2962                 buf.append(str);
2963             }
2964             return true;
2965         }
2966 
2967         @Override
2968         public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
2969             int effectiveMin = (context.isStrict() ? minWidth : 0);
2970             int effectiveMax = (context.isStrict() ? maxWidth : 9);
2971             int length = text.length();
2972             if (position == length) {
2973                 // valid if whole field is optional, invalid if minimum width
2974                 return (effectiveMin > 0 ? ~position : position);
2975             }
2976             if (decimalPoint) {
2977                 if (text.charAt(position) != context.getDecimalStyle().getDecimalSeparator()) {
2978                     // valid if whole field is optional, invalid if minimum width
2979                     return (effectiveMin > 0 ? ~position : position);
2980                 }
2981                 position++;
2982             }
2983             int minEndPos = position + effectiveMin;
2984             if (minEndPos > length) {
2985                 return ~position;  // need at least min width digits
2986             }
2987             int maxEndPos = Math.min(position + effectiveMax, length);
2988             int total = 0;  // can use int because we are only parsing up to 9 digits
2989             int pos = position;
2990             while (pos < maxEndPos) {
2991                 char ch = text.charAt(pos++);
2992                 int digit = context.getDecimalStyle().convertToDigit(ch);
2993                 if (digit < 0) {
2994                     if (pos < minEndPos) {
2995                         return ~position;  // need at least min width digits
2996                     }
2997                     pos--;
2998                     break;
2999                 }
3000                 total = total * 10 + digit;
3001             }
3002             BigDecimal fraction = new BigDecimal(total).movePointLeft(pos - position);
3003             long value = convertFromFraction(fraction);
3004             return context.setParsedField(field, value, position, pos);
3005         }
3006 
3007         /**
3008          * Converts a value for this field to a fraction between 0 and 1.
3009          * <p>
3010          * The fractional value is between 0 (inclusive) and 1 (exclusive).
3011          * It can only be returned if the {@link java.time.temporal.TemporalField#range() value range} is fixed.
3012          * The fraction is obtained by calculation from the field range using 9 decimal
3013          * places and a rounding mode of {@link RoundingMode#FLOOR FLOOR}.
3014          * The calculation is inaccurate if the values do not run continuously from smallest to largest.
3015          * <p>
3016          * For example, the second-of-minute value of 15 would be returned as 0.25,
3017          * assuming the standard definition of 60 seconds in a minute.
3018          *
3019          * @param value  the value to convert, must be valid for this rule
3020          * @return the value as a fraction within the range, from 0 to 1, not null
3021          * @throws DateTimeException if the value cannot be converted to a fraction
3022          */
3023         private BigDecimal convertToFraction(long value) {
3024             ValueRange range = field.range();
3025             range.checkValidValue(value, field);
3026             BigDecimal minBD = BigDecimal.valueOf(range.getMinimum());
3027             BigDecimal rangeBD = BigDecimal.valueOf(range.getMaximum()).subtract(minBD).add(BigDecimal.ONE);
3028             BigDecimal valueBD = BigDecimal.valueOf(value).subtract(minBD);
3029             BigDecimal fraction = valueBD.divide(rangeBD, 9, RoundingMode.FLOOR);
3030             // stripTrailingZeros bug
3031             return fraction.compareTo(BigDecimal.ZERO) == 0 ? BigDecimal.ZERO : fraction.stripTrailingZeros();
3032         }
3033 
3034         /**
3035          * Converts a fraction from 0 to 1 for this field to a value.
3036          * <p>
3037          * The fractional value must be between 0 (inclusive) and 1 (exclusive).
3038          * It can only be returned if the {@link java.time.temporal.TemporalField#range() value range} is fixed.
3039          * The value is obtained by calculation from the field range and a rounding
3040          * mode of {@link RoundingMode#FLOOR FLOOR}.
3041          * The calculation is inaccurate if the values do not run continuously from smallest to largest.
3042          * <p>
3043          * For example, the fractional second-of-minute of 0.25 would be converted to 15,
3044          * assuming the standard definition of 60 seconds in a minute.
3045          *
3046          * @param fraction  the fraction to convert, not null
3047          * @return the value of the field, valid for this rule
3048          * @throws DateTimeException if the value cannot be converted
3049          */
3050         private long convertFromFraction(BigDecimal fraction) {
3051             ValueRange range = field.range();
3052             BigDecimal minBD = BigDecimal.valueOf(range.getMinimum());
3053             BigDecimal rangeBD = BigDecimal.valueOf(range.getMaximum()).subtract(minBD).add(BigDecimal.ONE);
3054             BigDecimal valueBD = fraction.multiply(rangeBD).setScale(0, RoundingMode.FLOOR).add(minBD);
3055             return valueBD.longValueExact();
3056         }
3057 
3058         @Override
3059         public String toString() {
3060             String decimal = (decimalPoint ? ",DecimalPoint" : "");
3061             return "Fraction(" + field + "," + minWidth + "," + maxWidth + decimal + ")";
3062         }
3063     }
3064 
3065     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
3066     /**
3067      * Prints or parses field text.
3068      */
3069     static final class TextPrinterParser implements DateTimePrinterParser {
3070         private final TemporalField field;
3071         private final TextStyle textStyle;
3072         private final DateTimeTextProvider provider;
3073         /**
3074          * The cached number printer parser.
3075          * Immutable and volatile, so no synchronization needed.
3076          */
3077         private volatile NumberPrinterParser numberPrinterParser;
3078 
3079         /**
3080          * Constructor.
3081          *
3082          * @param field  the field to output, not null
3083          * @param textStyle  the text style, not null
3084          * @param provider  the text provider, not null
3085          */
3086         TextPrinterParser(TemporalField field, TextStyle textStyle, DateTimeTextProvider provider) {
3087             // validated by caller
3088             this.field = field;
3089             this.textStyle = textStyle;
3090             this.provider = provider;
3091         }
3092 
3093         @Override
3094         public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
3095             Long value = context.getValue(field);
3096             if (value == null) {
3097                 return false;
3098             }
3099             String text;
3100             Chronology chrono = context.getTemporal().query(TemporalQueries.chronology());
3101             if (chrono == null || chrono == IsoChronology.INSTANCE) {
3102                 text = provider.getText(field, value, textStyle, context.getLocale());
3103             } else {
3104                 text = provider.getText(chrono, field, value, textStyle, context.getLocale());
3105             }
3106             if (text == null) {
3107                 return numberPrinterParser().format(context, buf);
3108             }
3109             buf.append(text);
3110             return true;
3111         }
3112 
3113         @Override
3114         public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence parseText, int position) {
3115             int length = parseText.length();
3116             if (position < 0 || position > length) {
3117                 throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
3118             }
3119             TextStyle style = (context.isStrict() ? textStyle : null);
3120             Chronology chrono = context.getEffectiveChronology();
3121             Iterator<Entry<String, Long>> it;
3122             if (chrono == null || chrono == IsoChronology.INSTANCE) {
3123                 it = provider.getTextIterator(field, style, context.getLocale());
3124             } else {
3125                 it = provider.getTextIterator(chrono, field, style, context.getLocale());
3126             }
3127             if (it != null) {
3128                 while (it.hasNext()) {
3129                     Entry<String, Long> entry = it.next();
3130                     String itText = entry.getKey();
3131                     if (context.subSequenceEquals(itText, 0, parseText, position, itText.length())) {
3132                         return context.setParsedField(field, entry.getValue(), position, position + itText.length());
3133                     }
3134                 }
3135                 if (context.isStrict()) {
3136                     return ~position;
3137                 }
3138             }
3139             return numberPrinterParser().parse(context, parseText, position);
3140         }
3141 
3142         /**
3143          * Create and cache a number printer parser.
3144          * @return the number printer parser for this field, not null
3145          */
3146         private NumberPrinterParser numberPrinterParser() {
3147             if (numberPrinterParser == null) {
3148                 numberPrinterParser = new NumberPrinterParser(field, 1, 19, SignStyle.NORMAL);
3149             }
3150             return numberPrinterParser;
3151         }
3152 
3153         @Override
3154         public String toString() {
3155             if (textStyle == TextStyle.FULL) {
3156                 return "Text(" + field + ")";
3157             }
3158             return "Text(" + field + "," + textStyle + ")";
3159         }
3160     }
3161 
3162     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
3163     /**
3164      * Prints or parses an ISO-8601 instant.
3165      */
3166     static final class InstantPrinterParser implements DateTimePrinterParser {
3167         // days in a 400 year cycle = 146097
3168         // days in a 10,000 year cycle = 146097 * 25
3169         // seconds per day = 86400
3170         private static final long SECONDS_PER_10000_YEARS = 146097L * 25L * 86400L;
3171         private static final long SECONDS_0000_TO_1970 = ((146097L * 5L) - (30L * 365L + 7L)) * 86400L;
3172         private final int fractionalDigits;
3173 
3174         InstantPrinterParser(int fractionalDigits) {
3175             this.fractionalDigits = fractionalDigits;
3176         }
3177 
3178         @Override
3179         public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
3180             // use INSTANT_SECONDS, thus this code is not bound by Instant.MAX
3181             Long inSecs = context.getValue(INSTANT_SECONDS);
3182             Long inNanos = null;
3183             if (context.getTemporal().isSupported(NANO_OF_SECOND)) {
3184                 inNanos = context.getTemporal().getLong(NANO_OF_SECOND);
3185             }
3186             if (inSecs == null) {
3187                 return false;
3188             }
3189             long inSec = inSecs;
3190             int inNano = NANO_OF_SECOND.checkValidIntValue(inNanos != null ? inNanos : 0);
3191             // format mostly using LocalDateTime.toString
3192             if (inSec >= -SECONDS_0000_TO_1970) {
3193                 // current era
3194                 long zeroSecs = inSec - SECONDS_PER_10000_YEARS + SECONDS_0000_TO_1970;
3195                 long hi = Math.floorDiv(zeroSecs, SECONDS_PER_10000_YEARS) + 1;
3196                 long lo = Math.floorMod(zeroSecs, SECONDS_PER_10000_YEARS);
3197                 LocalDateTime ldt = LocalDateTime.ofEpochSecond(lo - SECONDS_0000_TO_1970, 0, ZoneOffset.UTC);
3198                 if (hi > 0) {
3199                     buf.append('+').append(hi);
3200                 }
3201                 buf.append(ldt);
3202                 if (ldt.getSecond() == 0) {
3203                     buf.append(":00");
3204                 }
3205             } else {
3206                 // before current era
3207                 long zeroSecs = inSec + SECONDS_0000_TO_1970;
3208                 long hi = zeroSecs / SECONDS_PER_10000_YEARS;
3209                 long lo = zeroSecs % SECONDS_PER_10000_YEARS;
3210                 LocalDateTime ldt = LocalDateTime.ofEpochSecond(lo - SECONDS_0000_TO_1970, 0, ZoneOffset.UTC);
3211                 int pos = buf.length();
3212                 buf.append(ldt);
3213                 if (ldt.getSecond() == 0) {
3214                     buf.append(":00");
3215                 }
3216                 if (hi < 0) {
3217                     if (ldt.getYear() == -10_000) {
3218                         buf.replace(pos, pos + 2, Long.toString(hi - 1));
3219                     } else if (lo == 0) {
3220                         buf.insert(pos, hi);
3221                     } else {
3222                         buf.insert(pos + 1, Math.abs(hi));
3223                     }
3224                 }
3225             }
3226             // add fraction
3227             if ((fractionalDigits < 0 && inNano > 0) || fractionalDigits > 0) {
3228                 buf.append('.');
3229                 int div = 100_000_000;
3230                 for (int i = 0; ((fractionalDigits == -1 && inNano > 0) ||
3231                                     (fractionalDigits == -2 && (inNano > 0 || (i % 3) != 0)) ||
3232                                     i < fractionalDigits); i++) {
3233                     int digit = inNano / div;
3234                     buf.append((char) (digit + '0'));
3235                     inNano = inNano - (digit * div);
3236                     div = div / 10;
3237                 }
3238             }
3239             buf.append('Z');
3240             return true;
3241         }
3242 
3243         @Override
3244         public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
3245             // new context to avoid overwriting fields like year/month/day
3246             int minDigits = (fractionalDigits < 0 ? 0 : fractionalDigits);
3247             int maxDigits = (fractionalDigits < 0 ? 9 : fractionalDigits);
3248             CompositePrinterParser parser = new DateTimeFormatterBuilder()
3249                     .append(DateTimeFormatter.ISO_LOCAL_DATE).appendLiteral('T')
3250                     .appendValue(HOUR_OF_DAY, 2).appendLiteral(':')
3251                     .appendValue(MINUTE_OF_HOUR, 2).appendLiteral(':')
3252                     .appendValue(SECOND_OF_MINUTE, 2)
3253                     .appendFraction(NANO_OF_SECOND, minDigits, maxDigits, true)
3254                     .appendLiteral('Z')
3255                     .toFormatter().toPrinterParser(false);
3256             DateTimeParseContext newContext = context.copy();
3257             int pos = parser.parse(newContext, text, position);
3258             if (pos < 0) {
3259                 return pos;
3260             }
3261             // parser restricts most fields to 2 digits, so definitely int
3262             // correctly parsed nano is also guaranteed to be valid
3263             long yearParsed = newContext.getParsed(YEAR);
3264             int month = newContext.getParsed(MONTH_OF_YEAR).intValue();
3265             int day = newContext.getParsed(DAY_OF_MONTH).intValue();
3266             int hour = newContext.getParsed(HOUR_OF_DAY).intValue();
3267             int min = newContext.getParsed(MINUTE_OF_HOUR).intValue();
3268             Long secVal = newContext.getParsed(SECOND_OF_MINUTE);
3269             Long nanoVal = newContext.getParsed(NANO_OF_SECOND);
3270             int sec = (secVal != null ? secVal.intValue() : 0);
3271             int nano = (nanoVal != null ? nanoVal.intValue() : 0);
3272             int days = 0;
3273             if (hour == 24 && min == 0 && sec == 0 && nano == 0) {
3274                 hour = 0;
3275                 days = 1;
3276             } else if (hour == 23 && min == 59 && sec == 60) {
3277                 context.setParsedLeapSecond();
3278                 sec = 59;
3279             }
3280             int year = (int) yearParsed % 10_000;
3281             long instantSecs;
3282             try {
3283                 LocalDateTime ldt = LocalDateTime.of(year, month, day, hour, min, sec, 0).plusDays(days);
3284                 instantSecs = ldt.toEpochSecond(ZoneOffset.UTC);
3285                 instantSecs += Math.multiplyExact(yearParsed / 10_000L, SECONDS_PER_10000_YEARS);
3286             } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
3287                 return ~position;
3288             }
3289             int successPos = text.length();
3290             successPos = context.setParsedField(INSTANT_SECONDS, instantSecs, position, successPos);
3291             return context.setParsedField(NANO_OF_SECOND, nano, position, successPos);
3292         }
3293 
3294         @Override
3295         public String toString() {
3296             return "Instant()";
3297         }
3298     }
3299 
3300     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
3301     /**
3302      * Prints or parses an offset ID.
3303      */
3304     static final class OffsetIdPrinterParser implements DateTimePrinterParser {
3305         static final String[] PATTERNS = new String[] {
3306             "+HH", "+HHmm", "+HH:mm", "+HHMM", "+HH:MM", "+HHMMss", "+HH:MM:ss", "+HHMMSS", "+HH:MM:SS",
3307         };  // order used in pattern builder
3308         static final OffsetIdPrinterParser INSTANCE_ID_Z = new OffsetIdPrinterParser("+HH:MM:ss", "Z");
3309         static final OffsetIdPrinterParser INSTANCE_ID_ZERO = new OffsetIdPrinterParser("+HH:MM:ss", "0");
3310 
3311         private final String noOffsetText;
3312         private final int type;
3313 
3314         /**
3315          * Constructor.
3316          *
3317          * @param pattern  the pattern
3318          * @param noOffsetText  the text to use for UTC, not null
3319          */
3320         OffsetIdPrinterParser(String pattern, String noOffsetText) {
3321             Objects.requireNonNull(pattern, "pattern");
3322             Objects.requireNonNull(noOffsetText, "noOffsetText");
3323             this.type = checkPattern(pattern);
3324             this.noOffsetText = noOffsetText;
3325         }
3326 
3327         private int checkPattern(String pattern) {
3328             for (int i = 0; i < PATTERNS.length; i++) {
3329                 if (PATTERNS[i].equals(pattern)) {
3330                     return i;
3331                 }
3332             }
3333             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid zone offset pattern: " + pattern);
3334         }
3335 
3336         @Override
3337         public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
3338             Long offsetSecs = context.getValue(OFFSET_SECONDS);
3339             if (offsetSecs == null) {
3340                 return false;
3341             }
3342             int totalSecs = Math.toIntExact(offsetSecs);
3343             if (totalSecs == 0) {
3344                 buf.append(noOffsetText);
3345             } else {
3346                 int absHours = Math.abs((totalSecs / 3600) % 100);  // anything larger than 99 silently dropped
3347                 int absMinutes = Math.abs((totalSecs / 60) % 60);
3348                 int absSeconds = Math.abs(totalSecs % 60);
3349                 int bufPos = buf.length();
3350                 int output = absHours;
3351                 buf.append(totalSecs < 0 ? "-" : "+")
3352                     .append((char) (absHours / 10 + '0')).append((char) (absHours % 10 + '0'));
3353                 if (type >= 3 || (type >= 1 && absMinutes > 0)) {
3354                     buf.append((type % 2) == 0 ? ":" : "")
3355                         .append((char) (absMinutes / 10 + '0')).append((char) (absMinutes % 10 + '0'));
3356                     output += absMinutes;
3357                     if (type >= 7 || (type >= 5 && absSeconds > 0)) {
3358                         buf.append((type % 2) == 0 ? ":" : "")
3359                             .append((char) (absSeconds / 10 + '0')).append((char) (absSeconds % 10 + '0'));
3360                         output += absSeconds;
3361                     }
3362                 }
3363                 if (output == 0) {
3364                     buf.setLength(bufPos);
3365                     buf.append(noOffsetText);
3366                 }
3367             }
3368             return true;
3369         }
3370 
3371         @Override
3372         public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
3373             int length = text.length();
3374             int noOffsetLen = noOffsetText.length();
3375             if (noOffsetLen == 0) {
3376                 if (position == length) {
3377                     return context.setParsedField(OFFSET_SECONDS, 0, position, position);
3378                 }
3379             } else {
3380                 if (position == length) {
3381                     return ~position;
3382                 }
3383                 if (context.subSequenceEquals(text, position, noOffsetText, 0, noOffsetLen)) {
3384                     return context.setParsedField(OFFSET_SECONDS, 0, position, position + noOffsetLen);
3385                 }
3386             }
3387 
3388             // parse normal plus/minus offset
3389             char sign = text.charAt(position);  // IOOBE if invalid position
3390             if (sign == '+' || sign == '-') {
3391                 // starts
3392                 int negative = (sign == '-' ? -1 : 1);
3393                 int[] array = new int[4];
3394                 array[0] = position + 1;
3395                 if ((parseNumber(array, 1, text, true) ||
3396                         parseNumber(array, 2, text, type >=3) ||
3397                         parseNumber(array, 3, text, false)) == false) {
3398                     // success
3399                     long offsetSecs = negative * (array[1] * 3600L + array[2] * 60L + array[3]);
3400                     return context.setParsedField(OFFSET_SECONDS, offsetSecs, position, array[0]);
3401                 }
3402             }
3403             // handle special case of empty no offset text
3404             if (noOffsetLen == 0) {
3405                 return context.setParsedField(OFFSET_SECONDS, 0, position, position + noOffsetLen);
3406             }
3407             return ~position;
3408         }
3409 
3410         /**
3411          * Parse a two digit zero-prefixed number.
3412          *
3413          * @param array  the array of parsed data, 0=pos,1=hours,2=mins,3=secs, not null
3414          * @param arrayIndex  the index to parse the value into
3415          * @param parseText  the offset ID, not null
3416          * @param required  whether this number is required
3417          * @return true if an error occurred
3418          */
3419         private boolean parseNumber(int[] array, int arrayIndex, CharSequence parseText, boolean required) {
3420             if ((type + 3) / 2 < arrayIndex) {
3421                 return false;  // ignore seconds/minutes
3422             }
3423             int pos = array[0];
3424             if ((type % 2) == 0 && arrayIndex > 1) {
3425                 if (pos + 1 > parseText.length() || parseText.charAt(pos) != ':') {
3426                     return required;
3427                 }
3428                 pos++;
3429             }
3430             if (pos + 2 > parseText.length()) {
3431                 return required;
3432             }
3433             char ch1 = parseText.charAt(pos++);
3434             char ch2 = parseText.charAt(pos++);
3435             if (ch1 < '0' || ch1 > '9' || ch2 < '0' || ch2 > '9') {
3436                 return required;
3437             }
3438             int value = (ch1 - 48) * 10 + (ch2 - 48);
3439             if (value < 0 || value > 59) {
3440                 return required;
3441             }
3442             array[arrayIndex] = value;
3443             array[0] = pos;
3444             return false;
3445         }
3446 
3447         @Override
3448         public String toString() {
3449             String converted = noOffsetText.replace("'", "''");
3450             return "Offset(" + PATTERNS[type] + ",'" + converted + "')";
3451         }
3452     }
3453 
3454     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
3455     /**
3456      * Prints or parses an offset ID.
3457      */
3458     static final class LocalizedOffsetIdPrinterParser implements DateTimePrinterParser {
3459         private final TextStyle style;
3460 
3461         /**
3462          * Constructor.
3463          *
3464          * @param style  the style, not null
3465          */
3466         LocalizedOffsetIdPrinterParser(TextStyle style) {
3467             this.style = style;
3468         }
3469 
3470         private static StringBuilder appendHMS(StringBuilder buf, int t) {
3471             return buf.append((char)(t / 10 + '0'))
3472                       .append((char)(t % 10 + '0'));
3473         }
3474 
3475         @Override
3476         public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
3477             Long offsetSecs = context.getValue(OFFSET_SECONDS);
3478             if (offsetSecs == null) {
3479                 return false;
3480             }
3481             String gmtText = "GMT";  // TODO: get localized version of 'GMT'
3482             if (gmtText != null) {
3483                 buf.append(gmtText);
3484             }
3485             int totalSecs = Math.toIntExact(offsetSecs);
3486             if (totalSecs != 0) {
3487                 int absHours = Math.abs((totalSecs / 3600) % 100);  // anything larger than 99 silently dropped
3488                 int absMinutes = Math.abs((totalSecs / 60) % 60);
3489                 int absSeconds = Math.abs(totalSecs % 60);
3490                 buf.append(totalSecs < 0 ? "-" : "+");
3491                 if (style == TextStyle.FULL) {
3492                     appendHMS(buf, absHours);
3493                     buf.append(':');
3494                     appendHMS(buf, absMinutes);
3495                     if (absSeconds != 0) {
3496                        buf.append(':');
3497                        appendHMS(buf, absSeconds);
3498                     }
3499                 } else {
3500                     if (absHours >= 10) {
3501                         buf.append((char)(absHours / 10 + '0'));
3502                     }
3503                     buf.append((char)(absHours % 10 + '0'));
3504                     if (absMinutes != 0 || absSeconds != 0) {
3505                         buf.append(':');
3506                         appendHMS(buf, absMinutes);
3507                         if (absSeconds != 0) {
3508                             buf.append(':');
3509                             appendHMS(buf, absSeconds);
3510                         }
3511                     }
3512                 }
3513             }
3514             return true;
3515         }
3516 
3517         int getDigit(CharSequence text, int position) {
3518             char c = text.charAt(position);
3519             if (c < '0' || c > '9') {
3520                 return -1;
3521             }
3522             return c - '0';
3523         }
3524 
3525         @Override
3526         public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
3527             int pos = position;
3528             int end = pos + text.length();
3529             String gmtText = "GMT";  // TODO: get localized version of 'GMT'
3530             if (gmtText != null) {
3531                 if (!context.subSequenceEquals(text, pos, gmtText, 0, gmtText.length())) {
3532                     return ~position;
3533                 }
3534                 pos += gmtText.length();
3535             }
3536             // parse normal plus/minus offset
3537             int negative = 0;
3538             if (pos == end) {
3539                 return context.setParsedField(OFFSET_SECONDS, 0, position, pos);
3540             }
3541             char sign = text.charAt(pos);  // IOOBE if invalid position
3542             if (sign == '+') {
3543                 negative = 1;
3544             } else if (sign == '-') {
3545                 negative = -1;
3546             } else {
3547                 return context.setParsedField(OFFSET_SECONDS, 0, position, pos);
3548             }
3549             pos++;
3550             int h = 0;
3551             int m = 0;
3552             int s = 0;
3553             if (style == TextStyle.FULL) {
3554                 int h1 = getDigit(text, pos++);
3555                 int h2 = getDigit(text, pos++);
3556                 if (h1 < 0 || h2 < 0 || text.charAt(pos++) != ':') {
3557                     return ~position;
3558                 }
3559                 h = h1 * 10 + h2;
3560                 int m1 = getDigit(text, pos++);
3561                 int m2 = getDigit(text, pos++);
3562                 if (m1 < 0 || m2 < 0) {
3563                     return ~position;
3564                 }
3565                 m = m1 * 10 + m2;
3566                 if (pos + 2 < end && text.charAt(pos) == ':') {
3567                     int s1 = getDigit(text, pos + 1);
3568                     int s2 = getDigit(text, pos + 2);
3569                     if (s1 >= 0 && s2 >= 0) {
3570                         s = s1 * 10 + s2;
3571                         pos += 3;
3572                     }
3573                 }
3574             } else {
3575                 h = getDigit(text, pos++);
3576                 if (h < 0) {
3577                     return ~position;
3578                 }
3579                 if (pos < end) {
3580                     int h2 = getDigit(text, pos);
3581                     if (h2 >=0) {
3582                         h = h * 10 + h2;
3583                         pos++;
3584                     }
3585                     if (pos + 2 < end && text.charAt(pos) == ':') {
3586                         if (pos + 2 < end && text.charAt(pos) == ':') {
3587                             int m1 = getDigit(text, pos + 1);
3588                             int m2 = getDigit(text, pos + 2);
3589                             if (m1 >= 0 && m2 >= 0) {
3590                                 m = m1 * 10 + m2;
3591                                 pos += 3;
3592                                 if (pos + 2 < end && text.charAt(pos) == ':') {
3593                                     int s1 = getDigit(text, pos + 1);
3594                                     int s2 = getDigit(text, pos + 2);
3595                                     if (s1 >= 0 && s2 >= 0) {
3596                                         s = s1 * 10 + s2;
3597                                         pos += 3;
3598                                    }
3599                                 }
3600                             }
3601                         }
3602                     }
3603                 }
3604             }
3605             long offsetSecs = negative * (h * 3600L + m * 60L + s);
3606             return context.setParsedField(OFFSET_SECONDS, offsetSecs, position, pos);
3607         }
3608 
3609         @Override
3610         public String toString() {
3611             return "LocalizedOffset(" + style + ")";
3612         }
3613     }
3614 
3615     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
3616     /**
3617      * Prints or parses a zone ID.
3618      */
3619     static final class ZoneTextPrinterParser extends ZoneIdPrinterParser {
3620 
3621         /** The text style to output. */
3622         private final TextStyle textStyle;
3623 
3624         /** The preferred zoneid map */
3625         private Set<String> preferredZones;
3626 
3627         ZoneTextPrinterParser(TextStyle textStyle, Set<ZoneId> preferredZones) {
3628             super(TemporalQueries.zone(), "ZoneText(" + textStyle + ")");
3629             this.textStyle = Objects.requireNonNull(textStyle, "textStyle");
3630             if (preferredZones != null && preferredZones.size() != 0) {
3631                 this.preferredZones = new HashSet<>();
3632                 for (ZoneId id : preferredZones) {
3633                     this.preferredZones.add(id.getId());
3634                 }
3635             }
3636         }
3637 
3638         private static final int STD = 0;
3639         private static final int DST = 1;
3640         private static final int GENERIC = 2;
3641         private static final Map<String, SoftReference<Map<Locale, String[]>>> cache =
3642             new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
3643 
3644         private String getDisplayName(String id, int type, Locale locale) {
3645             if (textStyle == TextStyle.NARROW) {
3646                 return null;
3647             }
3648             String[] names;
3649             SoftReference<Map<Locale, String[]>> ref = cache.get(id);
3650             Map<Locale, String[]> perLocale = null;
3651             if (ref == null || (perLocale = ref.get()) == null ||
3652                 (names = perLocale.get(locale)) == null) {
3653                 names = TimeZoneNameUtility.retrieveDisplayNames(id, locale);
3654                 if (names == null) {
3655                     return null;
3656                 }
3657                 names = Arrays.copyOfRange(names, 0, 7);
3658                 names[5] =
3659                     TimeZoneNameUtility.retrieveGenericDisplayName(id, TimeZone.LONG, locale);
3660                 if (names[5] == null) {
3661                     names[5] = names[0]; // use the id
3662                 }
3663                 names[6] =
3664                     TimeZoneNameUtility.retrieveGenericDisplayName(id, TimeZone.SHORT, locale);
3665                 if (names[6] == null) {
3666                     names[6] = names[0];
3667                 }
3668                 if (perLocale == null) {
3669                     perLocale = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
3670                 }
3671                 perLocale.put(locale, names);
3672                 cache.put(id, new SoftReference<>(perLocale));
3673             }
3674             switch (type) {
3675             case STD:
3676                 return names[textStyle.zoneNameStyleIndex() + 1];
3677             case DST:
3678                 return names[textStyle.zoneNameStyleIndex() + 3];
3679             }
3680             return names[textStyle.zoneNameStyleIndex() + 5];
3681         }
3682 
3683         @Override
3684         public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
3685             ZoneId zone = context.getValue(TemporalQueries.zoneId());
3686             if (zone == null) {
3687                 return false;
3688             }
3689             String zname = zone.getId();
3690             if (!(zone instanceof ZoneOffset)) {
3691                 TemporalAccessor dt = context.getTemporal();
3692                 String name = getDisplayName(zname,
3693                                              dt.isSupported(ChronoField.INSTANT_SECONDS)
3694                                              ? (zone.getRules().isDaylightSavings(Instant.from(dt)) ? DST : STD)
3695                                              : GENERIC,
3696                                              context.getLocale());
3697                 if (name != null) {
3698                     zname = name;
3699                 }
3700             }
3701             buf.append(zname);
3702             return true;
3703         }
3704 
3705         // cache per instance for now
3706         private final Map<Locale, Entry<Integer, SoftReference<PrefixTree>>>
3707             cachedTree = new HashMap<>();
3708         private final Map<Locale, Entry<Integer, SoftReference<PrefixTree>>>
3709             cachedTreeCI = new HashMap<>();
3710 
3711         @Override
3712         protected PrefixTree getTree(DateTimeParseContext context) {
3713             if (textStyle == TextStyle.NARROW) {
3714                 return super.getTree(context);
3715             }
3716             Locale locale = context.getLocale();
3717             boolean isCaseSensitive = context.isCaseSensitive();
3718             Set<String> regionIds = ZoneRulesProvider.getAvailableZoneIds();
3719             int regionIdsSize = regionIds.size();
3720 
3721             Map<Locale, Entry<Integer, SoftReference<PrefixTree>>> cached =
3722                 isCaseSensitive ? cachedTree : cachedTreeCI;
3723 
3724             Entry<Integer, SoftReference<PrefixTree>> entry = null;
3725             PrefixTree tree = null;
3726             String[][] zoneStrings = null;
3727             if ((entry = cached.get(locale)) == null ||
3728                 (entry.getKey() != regionIdsSize ||
3729                 (tree = entry.getValue().get()) == null)) {
3730                 tree = PrefixTree.newTree(context);
3731                 zoneStrings = TimeZoneNameUtility.getZoneStrings(locale);
3732                 for (String[] names : zoneStrings) {
3733                     String zid = names[0];
3734                     if (!regionIds.contains(zid)) {
3735                         continue;
3736                     }
3737                     tree.add(zid, zid);    // don't convert zid -> metazone
3738                     zid = ZoneName.toZid(zid, locale);
3739                     int i = textStyle == TextStyle.FULL ? 1 : 2;
3740                     for (; i < names.length; i += 2) {
3741                         tree.add(names[i], zid);
3742                     }
3743                 }
3744                 // if we have a set of preferred zones, need a copy and
3745                 // add the preferred zones again to overwrite
3746                 if (preferredZones != null) {
3747                     for (String[] names : zoneStrings) {
3748                         String zid = names[0];
3749                         if (!preferredZones.contains(zid) || !regionIds.contains(zid)) {
3750                             continue;
3751                         }
3752                         int i = textStyle == TextStyle.FULL ? 1 : 2;
3753                         for (; i < names.length; i += 2) {
3754                             tree.add(names[i], zid);
3755                        }
3756                     }
3757                 }
3758                 cached.put(locale, new SimpleImmutableEntry<>(regionIdsSize, new SoftReference<>(tree)));
3759             }
3760             return tree;
3761         }
3762     }
3763 
3764     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
3765     /**
3766      * Prints or parses a zone ID.
3767      */
3768     static class ZoneIdPrinterParser implements DateTimePrinterParser {
3769         private final TemporalQuery<ZoneId> query;
3770         private final String description;
3771 
3772         ZoneIdPrinterParser(TemporalQuery<ZoneId> query, String description) {
3773             this.query = query;
3774             this.description = description;
3775         }
3776 
3777         @Override
3778         public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
3779             ZoneId zone = context.getValue(query);
3780             if (zone == null) {
3781                 return false;
3782             }
3783             buf.append(zone.getId());
3784             return true;
3785         }
3786 
3787         /**
3788          * The cached tree to speed up parsing.
3789          */
3790         private static volatile Entry<Integer, PrefixTree> cachedPrefixTree;
3791         private static volatile Entry<Integer, PrefixTree> cachedPrefixTreeCI;
3792 
3793         protected PrefixTree getTree(DateTimeParseContext context) {
3794             // prepare parse tree
3795             Set<String> regionIds = ZoneRulesProvider.getAvailableZoneIds();
3796             final int regionIdsSize = regionIds.size();
3797             Entry<Integer, PrefixTree> cached = context.isCaseSensitive()
3798                                                 ? cachedPrefixTree : cachedPrefixTreeCI;
3799             if (cached == null || cached.getKey() != regionIdsSize) {
3800                 synchronized (this) {
3801                     cached = context.isCaseSensitive() ? cachedPrefixTree : cachedPrefixTreeCI;
3802                     if (cached == null || cached.getKey() != regionIdsSize) {
3803                         cached = new SimpleImmutableEntry<>(regionIdsSize, PrefixTree.newTree(regionIds, context));
3804                         if (context.isCaseSensitive()) {
3805                             cachedPrefixTree = cached;
3806                         } else {
3807                             cachedPrefixTreeCI = cached;
3808                         }
3809                     }
3810                 }
3811             }
3812             return cached.getValue();
3813         }
3814 
3815         /**
3816          * This implementation looks for the longest matching string.
3817          * For example, parsing Etc/GMT-2 will return Etc/GMC-2 rather than just
3818          * Etc/GMC although both are valid.
3819          */
3820         @Override
3821         public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
3822             int length = text.length();
3823             if (position > length) {
3824                 throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
3825             }
3826             if (position == length) {
3827                 return ~position;
3828             }
3829 
3830             // handle fixed time-zone IDs
3831             char nextChar = text.charAt(position);
3832             if (nextChar == '+' || nextChar == '-') {
3833                 return parseOffsetBased(context, text, position, position, OffsetIdPrinterParser.INSTANCE_ID_Z);
3834             } else if (length >= position + 2) {
3835                 char nextNextChar = text.charAt(position + 1);
3836                 if (context.charEquals(nextChar, 'U') && context.charEquals(nextNextChar, 'T')) {
3837                     if (length >= position + 3 && context.charEquals(text.charAt(position + 2), 'C')) {
3838                         return parseOffsetBased(context, text, position, position + 3, OffsetIdPrinterParser.INSTANCE_ID_ZERO);
3839                     }
3840                     return parseOffsetBased(context, text, position, position + 2, OffsetIdPrinterParser.INSTANCE_ID_ZERO);
3841                 } else if (context.charEquals(nextChar, 'G') && length >= position + 3 &&
3842                         context.charEquals(nextNextChar, 'M') && context.charEquals(text.charAt(position + 2), 'T')) {
3843                     return parseOffsetBased(context, text, position, position + 3, OffsetIdPrinterParser.INSTANCE_ID_ZERO);
3844                 }
3845             }
3846 
3847             // parse
3848             PrefixTree tree = getTree(context);
3849             ParsePosition ppos = new ParsePosition(position);
3850             String parsedZoneId = tree.match(text, ppos);
3851             if (parsedZoneId == null) {
3852                 if (context.charEquals(nextChar, 'Z')) {
3853                     context.setParsed(ZoneOffset.UTC);
3854                     return position + 1;
3855                 }
3856                 return ~position;
3857             }
3858             context.setParsed(ZoneId.of(parsedZoneId));
3859             return ppos.getIndex();
3860         }
3861 
3862         /**
3863          * Parse an offset following a prefix and set the ZoneId if it is valid.
3864          * To matching the parsing of ZoneId.of the values are not normalized
3865          * to ZoneOffsets.
3866          *
3867          * @param context the parse context
3868          * @param text the input text
3869          * @param prefixPos start of the prefix
3870          * @param position start of text after the prefix
3871          * @param parser parser for the value after the prefix
3872          * @return the position after the parse
3873          */
3874         private int parseOffsetBased(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int prefixPos, int position, OffsetIdPrinterParser parser) {
3875             String prefix = text.toString().substring(prefixPos, position).toUpperCase();
3876             if (position >= text.length()) {
3877                 context.setParsed(ZoneId.of(prefix));
3878                 return position;
3879             }
3880 
3881             // '0' or 'Z' after prefix is not part of a valid ZoneId; use bare prefix
3882             if (text.charAt(position) == '0' ||
3883                 context.charEquals(text.charAt(position), 'Z')) {
3884                 context.setParsed(ZoneId.of(prefix));
3885                 return position;
3886             }
3887 
3888             DateTimeParseContext newContext = context.copy();
3889             int endPos = parser.parse(newContext, text, position);
3890             try {
3891                 if (endPos < 0) {
3892                     if (parser == OffsetIdPrinterParser.INSTANCE_ID_Z) {
3893                         return ~prefixPos;
3894                     }
3895                     context.setParsed(ZoneId.of(prefix));
3896                     return position;
3897                 }
3898                 int offset = (int) newContext.getParsed(OFFSET_SECONDS).longValue();
3899                 ZoneOffset zoneOffset = ZoneOffset.ofTotalSeconds(offset);
3900                 context.setParsed(ZoneId.ofOffset(prefix, zoneOffset));
3901                 return endPos;
3902             } catch (DateTimeException dte) {
3903                 return ~prefixPos;
3904             }
3905         }
3906 
3907         @Override
3908         public String toString() {
3909             return description;
3910         }
3911     }
3912 
3913     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
3914     /**
3915      * A String based prefix tree for parsing time-zone names.
3916      */
3917     static class PrefixTree {
3918         protected String key;
3919         protected String value;
3920         protected char c0;    // performance optimization to avoid the
3921                               // boundary check cost of key.charat(0)
3922         protected PrefixTree child;
3923         protected PrefixTree sibling;
3924 
3925         private PrefixTree(String k, String v, PrefixTree child) {
3926             this.key = k;
3927             this.value = v;
3928             this.child = child;
3929             if (k.length() == 0){
3930                 c0 = 0xffff;
3931             } else {
3932                 c0 = key.charAt(0);
3933             }
3934         }
3935 
3936         /**
3937          * Creates a new prefix parsing tree based on parse context.
3938          *
3939          * @param context  the parse context
3940          * @return the tree, not null
3941          */
3942         public static PrefixTree newTree(DateTimeParseContext context) {
3943             //if (!context.isStrict()) {
3944             //    return new LENIENT("", null, null);
3945             //}
3946             if (context.isCaseSensitive()) {
3947                 return new PrefixTree("", null, null);
3948             }
3949             return new CI("", null, null);
3950         }
3951 
3952         /**
3953          * Creates a new prefix parsing tree.
3954          *
3955          * @param keys  a set of strings to build the prefix parsing tree, not null
3956          * @param context  the parse context
3957          * @return the tree, not null
3958          */
3959         public static  PrefixTree newTree(Set<String> keys, DateTimeParseContext context) {
3960             PrefixTree tree = newTree(context);
3961             for (String k : keys) {
3962                 tree.add0(k, k);
3963             }
3964             return tree;
3965         }
3966 
3967         /**
3968          * Clone a copy of this tree
3969          */
3970         public PrefixTree copyTree() {
3971             PrefixTree copy = new PrefixTree(key, value, null);
3972             if (child != null) {
3973                 copy.child = child.copyTree();
3974             }
3975             if (sibling != null) {
3976                 copy.sibling = sibling.copyTree();
3977             }
3978             return copy;
3979         }
3980 
3981 
3982         /**
3983          * Adds a pair of {key, value} into the prefix tree.
3984          *
3985          * @param k  the key, not null
3986          * @param v  the value, not null
3987          * @return  true if the pair is added successfully
3988          */
3989         public boolean add(String k, String v) {
3990             return add0(k, v);
3991         }
3992 
3993         private boolean add0(String k, String v) {
3994             k = toKey(k);
3995             int prefixLen = prefixLength(k);
3996             if (prefixLen == key.length()) {
3997                 if (prefixLen < k.length()) {  // down the tree
3998                     String subKey = k.substring(prefixLen);
3999                     PrefixTree c = child;
4000                     while (c != null) {
4001                         if (isEqual(c.c0, subKey.charAt(0))) {
4002                             return c.add0(subKey, v);
4003                         }
4004                         c = c.sibling;
4005                     }
4006                     // add the node as the child of the current node
4007                     c = newNode(subKey, v, null);
4008                     c.sibling = child;
4009                     child = c;
4010                     return true;
4011                 }
4012                 // have an existing <key, value> already, overwrite it
4013                 // if (value != null) {
4014                 //    return false;
4015                 //}
4016                 value = v;
4017                 return true;
4018             }
4019             // split the existing node
4020             PrefixTree n1 = newNode(key.substring(prefixLen), value, child);
4021             key = k.substring(0, prefixLen);
4022             child = n1;
4023             if (prefixLen < k.length()) {
4024                 PrefixTree n2 = newNode(k.substring(prefixLen), v, null);
4025                 child.sibling = n2;
4026                 value = null;
4027             } else {
4028                 value = v;
4029             }
4030             return true;
4031         }
4032 
4033         /**
4034          * Match text with the prefix tree.
4035          *
4036          * @param text  the input text to parse, not null
4037          * @param off  the offset position to start parsing at
4038          * @param end  the end position to stop parsing
4039          * @return the resulting string, or null if no match found.
4040          */
4041         public String match(CharSequence text, int off, int end) {
4042             if (!prefixOf(text, off, end)){
4043                 return null;
4044             }
4045             if (child != null && (off += key.length()) != end) {
4046                 PrefixTree c = child;
4047                 do {
4048                     if (isEqual(c.c0, text.charAt(off))) {
4049                         String found = c.match(text, off, end);
4050                         if (found != null) {
4051                             return found;
4052                         }
4053                         return value;
4054                     }
4055                     c = c.sibling;
4056                 } while (c != null);
4057             }
4058             return value;
4059         }
4060 
4061         /**
4062          * Match text with the prefix tree.
4063          *
4064          * @param text  the input text to parse, not null
4065          * @param pos  the position to start parsing at, from 0 to the text
4066          *  length. Upon return, position will be updated to the new parse
4067          *  position, or unchanged, if no match found.
4068          * @return the resulting string, or null if no match found.
4069          */
4070         public String match(CharSequence text, ParsePosition pos) {
4071             int off = pos.getIndex();
4072             int end = text.length();
4073             if (!prefixOf(text, off, end)){
4074                 return null;
4075             }
4076             off += key.length();
4077             if (child != null && off != end) {
4078                 PrefixTree c = child;
4079                 do {
4080                     if (isEqual(c.c0, text.charAt(off))) {
4081                         pos.setIndex(off);
4082                         String found = c.match(text, pos);
4083                         if (found != null) {
4084                             return found;
4085                         }
4086                         break;
4087                     }
4088                     c = c.sibling;
4089                 } while (c != null);
4090             }
4091             pos.setIndex(off);
4092             return value;
4093         }
4094 
4095         protected String toKey(String k) {
4096             return k;
4097         }
4098 
4099         protected PrefixTree newNode(String k, String v, PrefixTree child) {
4100             return new PrefixTree(k, v, child);
4101         }
4102 
4103         protected boolean isEqual(char c1, char c2) {
4104             return c1 == c2;
4105         }
4106 
4107         protected boolean prefixOf(CharSequence text, int off, int end) {
4108             if (text instanceof String) {
4109                 return ((String)text).startsWith(key, off);
4110             }
4111             int len = key.length();
4112             if (len > end - off) {
4113                 return false;
4114             }
4115             int off0 = 0;
4116             while (len-- > 0) {
4117                 if (!isEqual(key.charAt(off0++), text.charAt(off++))) {
4118                     return false;
4119                 }
4120             }
4121             return true;
4122         }
4123 
4124         private int prefixLength(String k) {
4125             int off = 0;
4126             while (off < k.length() && off < key.length()) {
4127                 if (!isEqual(k.charAt(off), key.charAt(off))) {
4128                     return off;
4129                 }
4130                 off++;
4131             }
4132             return off;
4133         }
4134 
4135         /**
4136          * Case Insensitive prefix tree.
4137          */
4138         private static class CI extends PrefixTree {
4139 
4140             private CI(String k, String v, PrefixTree child) {
4141                 super(k, v, child);
4142             }
4143 
4144             @Override
4145             protected CI newNode(String k, String v, PrefixTree child) {
4146                 return new CI(k, v, child);
4147             }
4148 
4149             @Override
4150             protected boolean isEqual(char c1, char c2) {
4151                 return DateTimeParseContext.charEqualsIgnoreCase(c1, c2);
4152             }
4153 
4154             @Override
4155             protected boolean prefixOf(CharSequence text, int off, int end) {
4156                 int len = key.length();
4157                 if (len > end - off) {
4158                     return false;
4159                 }
4160                 int off0 = 0;
4161                 while (len-- > 0) {
4162                     if (!isEqual(key.charAt(off0++), text.charAt(off++))) {
4163                         return false;
4164                     }
4165                 }
4166                 return true;
4167             }
4168         }
4169 
4170         /**
4171          * Lenient prefix tree. Case insensitive and ignores characters
4172          * like space, underscore and slash.
4173          */
4174         private static class LENIENT extends CI {
4175 
4176             private LENIENT(String k, String v, PrefixTree child) {
4177                 super(k, v, child);
4178             }
4179 
4180             @Override
4181             protected CI newNode(String k, String v, PrefixTree child) {
4182                 return new LENIENT(k, v, child);
4183             }
4184 
4185             private boolean isLenientChar(char c) {
4186                 return c == ' ' || c == '_' || c == '/';
4187             }
4188 
4189             protected String toKey(String k) {
4190                 for (int i = 0; i < k.length(); i++) {
4191                     if (isLenientChar(k.charAt(i))) {
4192                         StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(k.length());
4193                         sb.append(k, 0, i);
4194                         i++;
4195                         while (i < k.length()) {
4196                             if (!isLenientChar(k.charAt(i))) {
4197                                 sb.append(k.charAt(i));
4198                             }
4199                             i++;
4200                         }
4201                         return sb.toString();
4202                     }
4203                 }
4204                 return k;
4205             }
4206 
4207             @Override
4208             public String match(CharSequence text, ParsePosition pos) {
4209                 int off = pos.getIndex();
4210                 int end = text.length();
4211                 int len = key.length();
4212                 int koff = 0;
4213                 while (koff < len && off < end) {
4214                     if (isLenientChar(text.charAt(off))) {
4215                         off++;
4216                         continue;
4217                     }
4218                     if (!isEqual(key.charAt(koff++), text.charAt(off++))) {
4219                         return null;
4220                     }
4221                 }
4222                 if (koff != len) {
4223                     return null;
4224                 }
4225                 if (child != null && off != end) {
4226                     int off0 = off;
4227                     while (off0 < end && isLenientChar(text.charAt(off0))) {
4228                         off0++;
4229                     }
4230                     if (off0 < end) {
4231                         PrefixTree c = child;
4232                         do {
4233                             if (isEqual(c.c0, text.charAt(off0))) {
4234                                 pos.setIndex(off0);
4235                                 String found = c.match(text, pos);
4236                                 if (found != null) {
4237                                     return found;
4238                                 }
4239                                 break;
4240                             }
4241                             c = c.sibling;
4242                         } while (c != null);
4243                     }
4244                 }
4245                 pos.setIndex(off);
4246                 return value;
4247             }
4248         }
4249     }
4250 
4251     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
4252     /**
4253      * Prints or parses a chronology.
4254      */
4255     static final class ChronoPrinterParser implements DateTimePrinterParser {
4256         /** The text style to output, null means the ID. */
4257         private final TextStyle textStyle;
4258 
4259         ChronoPrinterParser(TextStyle textStyle) {
4260             // validated by caller
4261             this.textStyle = textStyle;
4262         }
4263 
4264         @Override
4265         public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
4266             Chronology chrono = context.getValue(TemporalQueries.chronology());
4267             if (chrono == null) {
4268                 return false;
4269             }
4270             if (textStyle == null) {
4271                 buf.append(chrono.getId());
4272             } else {
4273                 buf.append(getChronologyName(chrono, context.getLocale()));
4274             }
4275             return true;
4276         }
4277 
4278         @Override
4279         public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
4280             // simple looping parser to find the chronology
4281             if (position < 0 || position > text.length()) {
4282                 throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
4283             }
4284             Set<Chronology> chronos = Chronology.getAvailableChronologies();
4285             Chronology bestMatch = null;
4286             int matchLen = -1;
4287             for (Chronology chrono : chronos) {
4288                 String name;
4289                 if (textStyle == null) {
4290                     name = chrono.getId();
4291                 } else {
4292                     name = getChronologyName(chrono, context.getLocale());
4293                 }
4294                 int nameLen = name.length();
4295                 if (nameLen > matchLen && context.subSequenceEquals(text, position, name, 0, nameLen)) {
4296                     bestMatch = chrono;
4297                     matchLen = nameLen;
4298                 }
4299             }
4300             if (bestMatch == null) {
4301                 return ~position;
4302             }
4303             context.setParsed(bestMatch);
4304             return position + matchLen;
4305         }
4306 
4307         /**
4308          * Returns the chronology name of the given chrono in the given locale
4309          * if available, or the chronology Id otherwise. The regular ResourceBundle
4310          * search path is used for looking up the chronology name.
4311          *
4312          * @param chrono  the chronology, not null
4313          * @param locale  the locale, not null
4314          * @return the chronology name of chrono in locale, or the id if no name is available
4315          * @throws NullPointerException if chrono or locale is null
4316          */
4317         private String getChronologyName(Chronology chrono, Locale locale) {
4318             String key = "calendarname." + chrono.getCalendarType();
4319             String name = DateTimeTextProvider.getLocalizedResource(key, locale);
4320             return name != null ? name : chrono.getId();
4321         }
4322     }
4323 
4324     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
4325     /**
4326      * Prints or parses a localized pattern.
4327      */
4328     static final class LocalizedPrinterParser implements DateTimePrinterParser {
4329         /** Cache of formatters. */
4330         private static final ConcurrentMap<String, DateTimeFormatter> FORMATTER_CACHE = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(16, 0.75f, 2);
4331 
4332         private final FormatStyle dateStyle;
4333         private final FormatStyle timeStyle;
4334 
4335         /**
4336          * Constructor.
4337          *
4338          * @param dateStyle  the date style to use, may be null
4339          * @param timeStyle  the time style to use, may be null
4340          */
4341         LocalizedPrinterParser(FormatStyle dateStyle, FormatStyle timeStyle) {
4342             // validated by caller
4343             this.dateStyle = dateStyle;
4344             this.timeStyle = timeStyle;
4345         }
4346 
4347         @Override
4348         public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
4349             Chronology chrono = Chronology.from(context.getTemporal());
4350             return formatter(context.getLocale(), chrono).toPrinterParser(false).format(context, buf);
4351         }
4352 
4353         @Override
4354         public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
4355             Chronology chrono = context.getEffectiveChronology();
4356             return formatter(context.getLocale(), chrono).toPrinterParser(false).parse(context, text, position);
4357         }
4358 
4359         /**
4360          * Gets the formatter to use.
4361          * <p>
4362          * The formatter will be the most appropriate to use for the date and time style in the locale.
4363          * For example, some locales will use the month name while others will use the number.
4364          *
4365          * @param locale  the locale to use, not null
4366          * @param chrono  the chronology to use, not null
4367          * @return the formatter, not null
4368          * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the formatter cannot be found
4369          */
4370         private DateTimeFormatter formatter(Locale locale, Chronology chrono) {
4371             String key = chrono.getId() + '|' + locale.toString() + '|' + dateStyle + timeStyle;
4372             DateTimeFormatter formatter = FORMATTER_CACHE.get(key);
4373             if (formatter == null) {
4374                 String pattern = getLocalizedDateTimePattern(dateStyle, timeStyle, chrono, locale);
4375                 formatter = new DateTimeFormatterBuilder().appendPattern(pattern).toFormatter(locale);
4376                 DateTimeFormatter old = FORMATTER_CACHE.putIfAbsent(key, formatter);
4377                 if (old != null) {
4378                     formatter = old;
4379                 }
4380             }
4381             return formatter;
4382         }
4383 
4384         @Override
4385         public String toString() {
4386             return "Localized(" + (dateStyle != null ? dateStyle : "") + "," +
4387                 (timeStyle != null ? timeStyle : "") + ")";
4388         }
4389     }
4390 
4391     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
4392     /**
4393      * Prints or parses a localized pattern from a localized field.
4394      * The specific formatter and parameters is not selected until the
4395      * the field is to be printed or parsed.
4396      * The locale is needed to select the proper WeekFields from which
4397      * the field for day-of-week, week-of-month, or week-of-year is selected.
4398      */
4399     static final class WeekBasedFieldPrinterParser implements DateTimePrinterParser {
4400         private char chr;
4401         private int count;
4402 
4403         /**
4404          * Constructor.
4405          *
4406          * @param chr the pattern format letter that added this PrinterParser.
4407          * @param count the repeat count of the format letter
4408          */
4409         WeekBasedFieldPrinterParser(char chr, int count) {
4410             this.chr = chr;
4411             this.count = count;
4412         }
4413 
4414         @Override
4415         public boolean format(DateTimePrintContext context, StringBuilder buf) {
4416             return printerParser(context.getLocale()).format(context, buf);
4417         }
4418 
4419         @Override
4420         public int parse(DateTimeParseContext context, CharSequence text, int position) {
4421             return printerParser(context.getLocale()).parse(context, text, position);
4422         }
4423 
4424         /**
4425          * Gets the printerParser to use based on the field and the locale.
4426          *
4427          * @param locale  the locale to use, not null
4428          * @return the formatter, not null
4429          * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the formatter cannot be found
4430          */
4431         private DateTimePrinterParser printerParser(Locale locale) {
4432             WeekFields weekDef = WeekFields.of(locale);
4433             TemporalField field = null;
4434             switch (chr) {
4435                 case 'Y':
4436                     field = weekDef.weekBasedYear();
4437                     if (count == 2) {
4438                         return new ReducedPrinterParser(field, 2, 2, 0, ReducedPrinterParser.BASE_DATE, 0);
4439                     } else {
4440                         return new NumberPrinterParser(field, count, 19,
4441                                 (count < 4) ? SignStyle.NORMAL : SignStyle.EXCEEDS_PAD, -1);
4442                     }
4443                 case 'e':
4444                 case 'c':
4445                     field = weekDef.dayOfWeek();
4446                     break;
4447                 case 'w':
4448                     field = weekDef.weekOfWeekBasedYear();
4449                     break;
4450                 case 'W':
4451                     field = weekDef.weekOfMonth();
4452                     break;
4453                 default:
4454                     throw new IllegalStateException("unreachable");
4455             }
4456             return new NumberPrinterParser(field, (count == 2 ? 2 : 1), 2, SignStyle.NOT_NEGATIVE);
4457         }
4458 
4459         @Override
4460         public String toString() {
4461             StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(30);
4462             sb.append("Localized(");
4463             if (chr == 'Y') {
4464                 if (count == 1) {
4465                     sb.append("WeekBasedYear");
4466                 } else if (count == 2) {
4467                     sb.append("ReducedValue(WeekBasedYear,2,2,2000-01-01)");
4468                 } else {
4469                     sb.append("WeekBasedYear,").append(count).append(",")
4470                             .append(19).append(",")
4471                             .append((count < 4) ? SignStyle.NORMAL : SignStyle.EXCEEDS_PAD);
4472                 }
4473             } else {
4474                 switch (chr) {
4475                     case 'c':
4476                     case 'e':
4477                         sb.append("DayOfWeek");
4478                         break;
4479                     case 'w':
4480                         sb.append("WeekOfWeekBasedYear");
4481                         break;
4482                     case 'W':
4483                         sb.append("WeekOfMonth");
4484                         break;
4485                     default:
4486                         break;
4487                 }
4488                 sb.append(",");
4489                 sb.append(count);
4490             }
4491             sb.append(")");
4492             return sb.toString();
4493         }
4494     }
4495 
4496     //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
4497     /**
4498      * Length comparator.
4499      */
4500     static final Comparator<String> LENGTH_SORT = new Comparator<String>() {
4501         @Override
4502         public int compare(String str1, String str2) {
4503             return str1.length() == str2.length() ? str1.compareTo(str2) : str1.length() - str2.length();
4504         }
4505     };
4506 }